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Several boxes were given to Carson, and the Historical Research Department\n sorted through before transfering the papers to Special Collections. Riley's\n research on William Gooch comprises the other subseries. Per CW Historian Linda\n Rowe, Riley intended to publish Gooch's letters. \u003c/p\u003e\n "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["A series within the 20th Century Collections, the Dr. Edward Riley Papers have been\n divided into two subseries: Assorted and Gooch Notes. The Assorted subseries\n contains documents donated by Riley's widow, Annette, to Riley's successor, Cary\n Carson. Several boxes were given to Carson, and the Historical Research Department\n sorted through before transfering the papers to Special Collections. Riley's\n research on William Gooch comprises the other subseries. Per CW Historian Linda\n Rowe, Riley intended to publish Gooch's letters."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions. \u003c/p\u003e\n "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract label=\"Abstract\"\u003e\u003c/abstract\u003e\n "],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eOn site - 20th Century Collections \u003c/physloc\u003e\n "],"physloc_tesim":["On site - 20th Century Collections"],"corpname_ssim":["Colonial Williamsburg Foundation","Tennessee Emigration Society"],"famname_ssim":["Baylor family"],"persname_ssim":["Gooch, William, Sir, 1681-1751"],"names_ssim":["Colonial Williamsburg Foundation","Tennessee Emigration Society","Baylor family","Gooch, William, Sir, 1681-1751"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":33,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T23:07:11.343Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viwc_viwc00527_c01_c02"}},{"id":"viwc_viwc00066_c02_c01","type":"Sub-Series","attributes":{"title":"Marriage license, Henrico County, Frederick W. Maning and Catherine Ann Frensley, 20 December 1837.","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viwc_viwc00066_c02_c01#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viwc_viwc00066_c02_c01","ref_ssm":["viwc_viwc00066_c02_c01"],"id":"viwc_viwc00066_c02_c01","ead_ssi":"viwc_viwc00066","_root_":"viwc_viwc00066","_nest_parent_":"viwc_viwc00066_c02","parent_ssi":"viwc_viwc00066_c02","parent_ssim":["Mordecai B. Sweeney Papers, 1830-1884.","Series 2: Marriage Licenses: Marriage Licenses, 1837-1881."],"parent_ids_ssim":["viwc_viwc00066","viwc_viwc00066_c02"],"title_filing_ssi":"Marriage license, Henrico County,\n Frederick W. Maning and Catherine Ann Frensley, \n 20 December 1837.","title_ssm":["Marriage license, Henrico County, Frederick W. Maning and Catherine Ann Frensley, 20 December 1837."],"title_tesim":["Marriage license, Henrico County, Frederick W. 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Sweeney Papers, 1830-1884."],"normalized_title_ssm":["Mordecai B. Sweeney Papers, 1830-1884."],"text":["Mordecai B. Sweeney Papers, 1830-1884.","MS 31.22","Tailors--Virginia--Williamsburg.","Pastors.","Ledgers\n (account books)--Virginia--19th century.","Marriage\n licenses--Maryland--Baltimore--19th century.","Marriage\n licenses--Texas--Austin--19th century.","Marriage\n licenses--Virginia--19th century.","1 vol. (212 p.) and 55\n items.","There are no restrictions.","Also available on microfilm \n M-1553.","Each series is arranged chronologically. Loose pages\n from the account book come at the end of the financial\n series.","Organization\n The collection is divided into two series. The first\n series consists of financial papers. The second series\n consists of marriage licenses and certificates with a few\n miscellaneous items at the end.","Mordecai B. Sweeney, tailor in Williamsburg, Va., ante\n 1830-1833, and Methodist minister in Richmond, Va., about\n 1837-1846 and 1855-1863, and in Baltimore, Md., ca. 1848-1852.\n According to a note in the papers, he moved to Austin, Tex.,\n in May 1871.","Included in the papers is a ledger volume of accounts for\n Sweeney's tailoring business, which also contains the accounts\n of Sweeney and Vanderslice of Norfolk; also included are\n Sweeney's book of personal expenses; lists of marriages\n performed in Richmond and Baltimore; accounts 1838-1884;\n marriage licenses, 1837-1860 and 1881; and recipes and other\n miscellany. The names in the Williamsburg accounts include\n Burwell Bassett, Augustine Deneufville, Goodrich Durfey, [Dr.]\n Alexander Galt, John Maupin, Philip Moody, George Morrison,\n George Newton, Robert Saunders, James Scott, Richard\n Taliaferro, and Benjamin Waller. 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(212 p.) and 55\n items."],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e\n "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAlso available on microfilm \n \u003cnum type=\"microfilm\"\u003eM-1553.\u003c/num\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n "],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Alternative Form"],"altformavail_tesim":["Also available on microfilm \n M-1553."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003carrangement\u003e\n \u003chead\u003eArrangement\u003c/head\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEach series is arranged chronologically. Loose pages\n from the account book come at the end of the financial\n series.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/arrangement\u003e\n ","\u003carrangement\u003e\n \u003chead\u003eOrganization\u003c/head\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe collection is divided into two series. The first\n series consists of financial papers. The second series\n consists of marriage licenses and certificates with a few\n miscellaneous items at the end.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/arrangement\u003e\n "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Each series is arranged chronologically. Loose pages\n from the account book come at the end of the financial\n series.","Organization\n The collection is divided into two series. The first\n series consists of financial papers. The second series\n consists of marriage licenses and certificates with a few\n miscellaneous items at the end."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMordecai B. Sweeney, tailor in Williamsburg, Va., ante\n 1830-1833, and Methodist minister in Richmond, Va., about\n 1837-1846 and 1855-1863, and in Baltimore, Md., ca. 1848-1852.\n According to a note in the papers, he moved to Austin, Tex.,\n in May 1871.\u003c/p\u003e\n "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical/Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Mordecai B. Sweeney, tailor in Williamsburg, Va., ante\n 1830-1833, and Methodist minister in Richmond, Va., about\n 1837-1846 and 1855-1863, and in Baltimore, Md., ca. 1848-1852.\n According to a note in the papers, he moved to Austin, Tex.,\n in May 1871."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMordecai B. Sweeney Papers, Manuscript MS 31.22, John D.\n Rockefeller, Jr. Library, Colonial Williamsburg\n Foundation\u003c/p\u003e\n "],"prefercite_tesim":["Mordecai B. Sweeney Papers, Manuscript MS 31.22, John D.\n Rockefeller, Jr. Library, Colonial Williamsburg\n Foundation"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIncluded in the papers is a ledger volume of accounts for\n Sweeney's tailoring business, which also contains the accounts\n of Sweeney and Vanderslice of Norfolk; also included are\n Sweeney's book of personal expenses; lists of marriages\n performed in Richmond and Baltimore; accounts 1838-1884;\n marriage licenses, 1837-1860 and 1881; and recipes and other\n miscellany. The names in the Williamsburg accounts include\n Burwell Bassett, Augustine Deneufville, Goodrich Durfey, [Dr.]\n Alexander Galt, John Maupin, Philip Moody, George Morrison,\n George Newton, Robert Saunders, James Scott, Richard\n Taliaferro, and Benjamin Waller. Tailor's accounts have own\n rough index.\u003c/p\u003e\n "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content Information"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Included in the papers is a ledger volume of accounts for\n Sweeney's tailoring business, which also contains the accounts\n of Sweeney and Vanderslice of Norfolk; also included are\n Sweeney's book of personal expenses; lists of marriages\n performed in Richmond and Baltimore; accounts 1838-1884;\n marriage licenses, 1837-1860 and 1881; and recipes and other\n miscellany. The names in the Williamsburg accounts include\n Burwell Bassett, Augustine Deneufville, Goodrich Durfey, [Dr.]\n Alexander Galt, John Maupin, Philip Moody, George Morrison,\n George Newton, Robert Saunders, James Scott, Richard\n Taliaferro, and Benjamin Waller. Tailor's accounts have own\n rough index."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore publishing quotations or excerpts from any\n materials, permission must be obtained from the Special\n Collections Librarian/ Associate Curator of Rare Books and\n Manuscripts, and the holder of the copyright, if not the\n Rockefeller Library at Colonial Williamsburg.\u003c/p\u003e\n "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Publication Rights/ Restrictions on Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any\n materials, permission must be obtained from the Special\n Collections Librarian/ Associate Curator of Rare Books and\n Manuscripts, and the holder of the copyright, if not the\n Rockefeller Library at Colonial Williamsburg."],"corpname_ssim":["Methodist\n Episcopal Church--Virginia--Richmond--Clergy.","Sweeney and Vanderslice\n (Firm)."],"persname_ssim":["Mordecai B. Sweeney.","Bassett,\n Burwell, 1764-1841.","Deneufville, Jean Augustine,\n 1763-1838.","Durfey, Goodrich, d. ca.\n 1868.","Galt,\n Alexander Dickie, 1771-1841.","Maupin, John, d.\n 1852.","Moody, Philip.","Morrison, George, d.\n 1833.","Newton, George.","Saunders,\n Robert, 1761-1835.","Scott, James.","Taliaferro,\n Richard.","Waller,\n Benjamin, d. 1865."],"names_ssim":["Methodist\n Episcopal Church--Virginia--Richmond--Clergy.","Sweeney and Vanderslice\n (Firm).","Mordecai B. Sweeney.","Bassett,\n Burwell, 1764-1841.","Deneufville, Jean Augustine,\n 1763-1838.","Durfey, Goodrich, d. ca.\n 1868.","Galt,\n Alexander Dickie, 1771-1841.","Maupin, John, d.\n 1852.","Moody, Philip.","Morrison, George, d.\n 1833.","Newton, George.","Saunders,\n Robert, 1761-1835.","Scott, James.","Taliaferro,\n Richard.","Waller,\n Benjamin, d. 1865."],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":52,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T23:07:11.343Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viwc_viwc00066_c02_c01"}},{"id":"viwc_viwc00106_c02_c02","type":"Sub-Series","attributes":{"title":"Papers Concerning Christopher Robinson III\n of Hewick.","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viwc_viwc00106_c02_c02#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viwc_viwc00106_c02_c02","ref_ssm":["viwc_viwc00106_c02_c02"],"id":"viwc_viwc00106_c02_c02","ead_ssi":"viwc_viwc00106","_root_":"viwc_viwc00106","_nest_parent_":"viwc_viwc00106_c02","parent_ssi":"viwc_viwc00106_c02","parent_ssim":["Robinson Family Papers, 1684-1915.","Volume II: Original Family Papers:\n Virginia and Canada, 1684-1798."],"parent_ids_ssim":["viwc_viwc00106","viwc_viwc00106_c02"],"title_filing_ssi":"Papers Concerning Christopher Robinson III\n of Hewick.","title_ssm":["Papers Concerning Christopher Robinson III\n of Hewick."],"title_tesim":["Papers Concerning Christopher Robinson III\n of Hewick."],"normalized_title_ssm":["Papers Concerning Christopher Robinson III\n of Hewick."],"text":["Papers Concerning Christopher Robinson III\n of Hewick.","Robinson Family Papers, 1684-1915.","Volume II: Original Family Papers:\n Virginia and Canada, 1684-1798."],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Robinson Family Papers, 1684-1915.","Volume II: Original Family Papers:\n Virginia and Canada, 1684-1798."],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Robinson Family Papers, 1684-1915.","Volume II: Original Family Papers:\n Virginia and Canada, 1684-1798."],"level_ssm":["Sub-Series"],"level_ssim":["Sub-series"],"component_level_isim":[2],"sort_isi":150,"repository_ssim":["Colonial Williamsburg"],"collection_ssim":["Robinson Family Papers, 1684-1915."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":31,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["There are no restrictions."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any\n materials, permission must be obtained from the Special\n Collections Librarian/ Associate Curator of Rare Books and\n Manuscripts, and the holder of the copyright, if not the\n Rockefeller Library at Colonial Williamsburg."],"_nest_path_":"/components#1/components#1","timestamp":"2026-08-14T23:07:11.343Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viwc_viwc00106","ead_ssi":"viwc_viwc00106","_root_":"viwc_viwc00106","_nest_parent_":"viwc_viwc00106","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/cw/viwc00106.xml","title_ssm":["Robinson Family Papers, 1684-1915."],"title_tesim":["Robinson Family Papers, 1684-1915."],"normalized_title_ssm":["Robinson Family Papers, 1684-1915."],"text":["Robinson Family Papers, 1684-1915.","MS 94.6","American\n loyalists--Canada.","2 volumes.","There are no restrictions.","All items are bound in two volumes, Original Family Papers\n Virginia and Canada 1684-1798 and Family History Papers I:\n Records, Wills, Lawsuits, Herald's College Correspondence,\n etc., with board covers accented with leather bindings.","Christopher Robinson arrived in Virginia, from England, in\n approximately 1668. He quickly established himself at a\n plantation called \"Hewick,\" named after his family's Hewick\n estate in England. Descendants of Christopher Robinson soon\n became influential landholders, tobacco traders, and political\n leaders in the colony. Christopher Robinson's great-grandson,\n Christopher IV, took the side of the Crown during the American\n Revolution, accepting a captain's position with the Queen's\n Rangers. After Britain's defeat in America, Christopher of the\n Queen's Rangers relocated to Canada where he served the royal\n government in various capacities. Charles W. Robinson\n descended from this \"Hewick\" line of the Robinson family. In\n addition to members of the Robinson family, notable names\n discussed in the collection of documents include: Richard\n Corbin, Ralph Wormeley, Albert W. Woods, H. Farnham Burke,\n Lyon G. Tyler, Letitia Cornwallis, J. H. Coombe, Thomas\n Jefferson, King George III, General Robert Porteus, John\n Maynard, Edmund Pendleton, John Graves Simcoe, Robert Rogers,\n \"Mr. Dinwiddie,\" John Wentworth, Fletcher Norton, and George\n Wythe.","Original seventeenth, eighteenth, nineteenth, and early\n twentieth-century manuscripts, official documents, sketches,\n and photographs, as well as copies of original letters and\n documents relating to Charles W. Robinson and his ancestors.\n The bulk of the material relates to Charles W. Robinson's\n efforts to trace and register his family pedigree with\n London's Herald's College.","Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any\n materials, permission must be obtained from the Special\n Collections Librarian/ Associate Curator of Rare Books and\n Manuscripts, and the holder of the copyright, if not the\n Rockefeller Library at Colonial Williamsburg.","Queen's Rangers,\n 1776-1781.","Robinson Family.","Robinson\n family.","Burke, H.\n Farnham (Henry Farnham), 1859-1930.","Corbin, Richard, ca.\n 1708-1790.","Cornwallis,\n Letitia.","Coombe, J. H.","Maynard, John.","Norton,\n Fletcher, 1716-1789.","Pendleton,\n Edmund, 1721-1803.","Porteus, Robert.","Rogers,\n Robert, 1731-1795.","Simcoe, John\n Graves, 1752-1806.","Tyler, Lyon\n Gardiner, 1853-1935.","Wentworth, John.","Woods, Albert W.","Wormeley,\n Ralph.","Wythe,\n George, 1726-1806","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Robinson Family Papers, 1684-1915."],"collection_ssim":["Robinson Family Papers, 1684-1915."],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS 94.6"],"unitid_tesim":["MS 94.6"],"repository_ssm":["Colonial Williamsburg"],"repository_ssim":["Colonial Williamsburg"],"creator_ssm":["Robinson Family."],"creator_ssim":["Robinson Family."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Burke, H.\n Farnham (Henry Farnham), 1859-1930.","Corbin, Richard, ca.\n 1708-1790.","Cornwallis,\n Letitia.","Coombe, J. H.","Maynard, John.","Norton,\n Fletcher, 1716-1789.","Pendleton,\n Edmund, 1721-1803.","Porteus, Robert.","Rogers,\n Robert, 1731-1795.","Simcoe, John\n Graves, 1752-1806.","Tyler, Lyon\n Gardiner, 1853-1935.","Wentworth, John.","Woods, Albert W.","Wormeley,\n Ralph.","Wythe,\n George, 1726-1806"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Queen's Rangers,\n 1776-1781."],"creator_famname_ssim":["Robinson Family.","Robinson\n family."],"creators_ssim":["Burke, H.\n Farnham (Henry Farnham), 1859-1930.","Corbin, Richard, ca.\n 1708-1790.","Cornwallis,\n Letitia.","Coombe, J. H.","Maynard, John.","Norton,\n Fletcher, 1716-1789.","Pendleton,\n Edmund, 1721-1803.","Porteus, Robert.","Rogers,\n Robert, 1731-1795.","Simcoe, John\n Graves, 1752-1806.","Tyler, Lyon\n Gardiner, 1853-1935.","Wentworth, John.","Woods, Albert W.","Wormeley,\n Ralph.","Wythe,\n George, 1726-1806","Queen's Rangers,\n 1776-1781.","Robinson Family.","Robinson\n family."],"access_terms_ssm":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any\n materials, permission must be obtained from the Special\n Collections Librarian/ Associate Curator of Rare Books and\n Manuscripts, and the holder of the copyright, if not the\n Rockefeller Library at Colonial Williamsburg."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Purchase, 1994."],"access_subjects_ssim":["American\n loyalists--Canada."],"access_subjects_ssm":["American\n loyalists--Canada."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["2 volumes."],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e\n "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAll items are bound in two volumes, Original Family Papers\n Virginia and Canada 1684-1798 and Family History Papers I:\n Records, Wills, Lawsuits, Herald's College Correspondence,\n etc., with board covers accented with leather bindings.\u003c/p\u003e\n "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["All items are bound in two volumes, Original Family Papers\n Virginia and Canada 1684-1798 and Family History Papers I:\n Records, Wills, Lawsuits, Herald's College Correspondence,\n etc., with board covers accented with leather bindings."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eChristopher Robinson arrived in Virginia, from England, in\n approximately 1668. He quickly established himself at a\n plantation called \"Hewick,\" named after his family's Hewick\n estate in England. Descendants of Christopher Robinson soon\n became influential landholders, tobacco traders, and political\n leaders in the colony. Christopher Robinson's great-grandson,\n Christopher IV, took the side of the Crown during the American\n Revolution, accepting a captain's position with the Queen's\n Rangers. After Britain's defeat in America, Christopher of the\n Queen's Rangers relocated to Canada where he served the royal\n government in various capacities. Charles W. Robinson\n descended from this \"Hewick\" line of the Robinson family. In\n addition to members of the Robinson family, notable names\n discussed in the collection of documents include: Richard\n Corbin, Ralph Wormeley, Albert W. Woods, H. Farnham Burke,\n Lyon G. Tyler, Letitia Cornwallis, J. H. Coombe, Thomas\n Jefferson, King George III, General Robert Porteus, John\n Maynard, Edmund Pendleton, John Graves Simcoe, Robert Rogers,\n \"Mr. Dinwiddie,\" John Wentworth, Fletcher Norton, and George\n Wythe.\u003c/p\u003e\n "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical/Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Christopher Robinson arrived in Virginia, from England, in\n approximately 1668. He quickly established himself at a\n plantation called \"Hewick,\" named after his family's Hewick\n estate in England. Descendants of Christopher Robinson soon\n became influential landholders, tobacco traders, and political\n leaders in the colony. Christopher Robinson's great-grandson,\n Christopher IV, took the side of the Crown during the American\n Revolution, accepting a captain's position with the Queen's\n Rangers. After Britain's defeat in America, Christopher of the\n Queen's Rangers relocated to Canada where he served the royal\n government in various capacities. Charles W. Robinson\n descended from this \"Hewick\" line of the Robinson family. In\n addition to members of the Robinson family, notable names\n discussed in the collection of documents include: Richard\n Corbin, Ralph Wormeley, Albert W. Woods, H. Farnham Burke,\n Lyon G. Tyler, Letitia Cornwallis, J. H. Coombe, Thomas\n Jefferson, King George III, General Robert Porteus, John\n Maynard, Edmund Pendleton, John Graves Simcoe, Robert Rogers,\n \"Mr. Dinwiddie,\" John Wentworth, Fletcher Norton, and George\n Wythe."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRobinson Family Papers, Manuscript MS 94.6, John D.\n Rockefeller, Jr. Library, Colonial Williamsburg\n Foundation\u003c/p\u003e\n "],"prefercite_tesim":["Robinson Family Papers, Manuscript MS 94.6, John D.\n Rockefeller, Jr. Library, Colonial Williamsburg\n Foundation"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOriginal seventeenth, eighteenth, nineteenth, and early\n twentieth-century manuscripts, official documents, sketches,\n and photographs, as well as copies of original letters and\n documents relating to Charles W. Robinson and his ancestors.\n The bulk of the material relates to Charles W. Robinson's\n efforts to trace and register his family pedigree with\n London's Herald's College.\u003c/p\u003e\n "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content Information"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Original seventeenth, eighteenth, nineteenth, and early\n twentieth-century manuscripts, official documents, sketches,\n and photographs, as well as copies of original letters and\n documents relating to Charles W. Robinson and his ancestors.\n The bulk of the material relates to Charles W. Robinson's\n efforts to trace and register his family pedigree with\n London's Herald's College."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore publishing quotations or excerpts from any\n materials, permission must be obtained from the Special\n Collections Librarian/ Associate Curator of Rare Books and\n Manuscripts, and the holder of the copyright, if not the\n Rockefeller Library at Colonial Williamsburg.\u003c/p\u003e\n "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Publication Rights/ Restrictions on Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any\n materials, permission must be obtained from the Special\n Collections Librarian/ Associate Curator of Rare Books and\n Manuscripts, and the holder of the copyright, if not the\n Rockefeller Library at Colonial Williamsburg."],"corpname_ssim":["Queen's Rangers,\n 1776-1781."],"famname_ssim":["Robinson Family.","Robinson\n family."],"persname_ssim":["Burke, H.\n Farnham (Henry Farnham), 1859-1930.","Corbin, Richard, ca.\n 1708-1790.","Cornwallis,\n Letitia.","Coombe, J. H.","Maynard, John.","Norton,\n Fletcher, 1716-1789.","Pendleton,\n Edmund, 1721-1803.","Porteus, Robert.","Rogers,\n Robert, 1731-1795.","Simcoe, John\n Graves, 1752-1806.","Tyler, Lyon\n Gardiner, 1853-1935.","Wentworth, John.","Woods, Albert W.","Wormeley,\n Ralph.","Wythe,\n George, 1726-1806"],"names_ssim":["Queen's Rangers,\n 1776-1781.","Robinson Family.","Robinson\n family.","Burke, H.\n Farnham (Henry Farnham), 1859-1930.","Corbin, Richard, ca.\n 1708-1790.","Cornwallis,\n Letitia.","Coombe, J. H.","Maynard, John.","Norton,\n Fletcher, 1716-1789.","Pendleton,\n Edmund, 1721-1803.","Porteus, Robert.","Rogers,\n Robert, 1731-1795.","Simcoe, John\n Graves, 1752-1806.","Tyler, Lyon\n Gardiner, 1853-1935.","Wentworth, John.","Woods, Albert W.","Wormeley,\n Ralph.","Wythe,\n George, 1726-1806"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":243,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T23:07:11.343Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viwc_viwc00106_c02_c02"}},{"id":"viwc_ViWC00603_c02_c01","type":"Sub-Series","attributes":{"title":"Scrapbook 1: Circa 1731-1944.","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viwc_ViWC00603_c02_c01#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003e1 scrapbook containing the collected correspondence, advertisments, cards, and autographs pertaining to the First Ladies of the United States. Covers Martha Washington to Lou Henry Hoover \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viwc_ViWC00603_c02_c01#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viwc_ViWC00603_c02_c01","ref_ssm":["viwc_ViWC00603_c02_c01"],"id":"viwc_ViWC00603_c02_c01","ead_ssi":"viwc_ViWC00603","_root_":"viwc_ViWC00603","_nest_parent_":"viwc_ViWC00603_c02","parent_ssi":"viwc_ViWC00603_c02","parent_ssim":["Mr. and Mrs. H. Donald Nelson autograph collection of the First Ladies of the United States, circa 1789-2013","Box: 2, Circa 1731-2013"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viwc_ViWC00603","viwc_ViWC00603_c02"],"title_filing_ssi":"Circa 1731-1944.","title_ssm":["Scrapbook 1: Circa 1731-1944."],"title_tesim":["Scrapbook 1: Circa 1731-1944."],"normalized_title_ssm":["Scrapbook 1: Circa 1731-1944."],"text":["Scrapbook 1: Circa 1731-1944.","Mr. and Mrs. H. Donald Nelson autograph collection of the First Ladies of the United States, circa 1789-2013","Box: 2, Circa 1731-2013","volume 1","1 scrapbook containing the collected correspondence, advertisments, cards, and autographs pertaining to the First Ladies of the United States. Covers Martha Washington to Lou Henry Hoover"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Mr. and Mrs. H. Donald Nelson autograph collection of the First Ladies of the United States, circa 1789-2013","Box: 2, Circa 1731-2013"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Mr. and Mrs. H. Donald Nelson autograph collection of the First Ladies of the United States, circa 1789-2013","Box: 2, Circa 1731-2013"],"level_ssm":["Sub-Series"],"level_ssim":["Sub-series"],"component_level_isim":[2],"sort_isi":3,"repository_ssim":["Colonial Williamsburg"],"collection_ssim":["Mr. and Mrs. H. Donald Nelson autograph collection of the First Ladies of the United States, circa 1789-2013"],"extent_ssm":["1 Scrapbook (51 Items)"],"extent_tesim":["1 Scrapbook (51 Items)"],"containers_ssim":["volume 1"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":51,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection is open to research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Librarian, and the holder of the copyright, if not the John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library at Colonial Williamsburg."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e1 scrapbook containing the collected correspondence, advertisments, cards, and autographs pertaining to the First Ladies of the United States. Covers Martha Washington to Lou Henry Hoover\n\t\u003c/p\u003e\n\t"],"scopecontent_tesim":["1 scrapbook containing the collected correspondence, advertisments, cards, and autographs pertaining to the First Ladies of the United States. Covers Martha Washington to Lou Henry Hoover"],"_nest_path_":"/components#1/components#0","timestamp":"2026-08-14T23:07:11.343Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viwc_ViWC00603","ead_ssi":"viwc_ViWC00603","_root_":"viwc_ViWC00603","_nest_parent_":"viwc_ViWC00603","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/cw/ViWC00603.xml","title_ssm":["Mr. and Mrs. H. Donald Nelson autograph collection of the First Ladies of the United States, circa 1789-2013"],"title_tesim":["Mr. and Mrs. H. Donald Nelson autograph collection of the First Ladies of the United States, circa 1789-2013"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Mr. and Mrs. H. Donald Nelson autograph collection of the First Ladies of the United States, circa 1789-2013"],"text":["Mr. and Mrs. H. Donald Nelson autograph collection of the First Ladies of the United States, circa 1789-2013","MS 2013.10",".","Index Terms\n\n\nWashington, Martha, 1731-1802--Autographs.\n\n\nMadison, Dolley, 1768-1849--Correspondence.\n\n\nAdams, Louisa Catherine, 1775-1852--Correspondence.\n\n\nVan Buren, Angelica Singleton, 1816-1877--Correspondence.\n\n\nHarrison, Anna Tuthill Symmes, 1775-1864--Correspondence.\n\n\nTyler, Julia Gardiner, 1820-1889--Correspondence.\n\n\nPolk, Sarah Childress, 1803-1891--Autographs.\n\n\nPierce, Jane M. (Jane Means), 1806-1863--Correspondence.\n\n\nLincoln, Mary Todd, 1818-1882--Correspondence.\n\n\nGrant, Julia Dent, 1826-1902--Correspondence.\n\n\nHayes, Lucy Webb, 1831-1889--Autographs.\n\n\nGarfield, Lucretia Rudolph, 1832-1918--Correspondence.\n\n\nCleveland, Frances Folsom, 1864-1947--Correspondence.\n\n\nCleveland, Rose Elizabeth, 1846-1918--Autographs.\n\n\nHarrison, Caroline Lavinia Scott, 1832-1892--Autographs.\n\n\nMcKee, Mary Scott Harrison, 1858-1930--Autographs.\n\n\nMcKinley, Ida Saxton, 1847-1907--Autographs.\n\n\nRoosevelt, Edith Kermit Carow, 1861-1948--Autographs.\n\n\nTaft, Helen Herron, 1861-1943--Correspondence.\n\n\nWilson, Edith Bolling Galt, 1872-1961--Correspondence.\n\n\nHarding, Florence Kling, 1860-1924--Autographs.\n\n\nCoolidge, Grace Goodhue, 1879-1957--Correspondence.\n\n\nCoolidge, Grace Goodhue, 1879-1957--Autographs.\n\n\nHoover, Lou Henry, 1874-1944--Autographs.\n\n\nRoosevelt, Eleanor, 1884-1962--Correspondence.\n\n\nRoosevelt, Eleanor, 1884-1962--Autographs.\n\n\nTruman, Bess Wallace--Autographs.\n\n\nEisenhower, Mamie Doud, 1896-1979--Autographs.\n\n\nEisenhower, Mamie Doud, 1896-1979--Correspondence.\n\n\nOnassis, Jacqueline Kennedy, 1929-1994--Autographs.\n\n\nOnassis, Jacqueline Kennedy, 1929-1994--Correspondence.\n\n\nOnassis, Jacqueline Kennedy, 1929-1994--Photographs.\n\n\nJohnson, Lady Bird, 1912-2007--Autographs.\n\n\nJohnson, Lady Bird, 1912-2007--Correspondence.\n\n\nJohnson, Lady Bird, 1912-2007--Photographs.\n\n\nNixon, Pat, 1912-1993--Autographs.\n\n\nFord, Betty, 1918-2011--Autographs.\n\n\nFord, Betty, 1918-2011--Photographs.\n\n\nCarter, Rosalynn--Autographs.\n\n\nCarter, Rosalynn,--Photographs.\n\n\nReagan, Nancy, 1921-2016--Autographs.\n\n\nReagan, Nancy, 1921-2016--Correspondence.\n\n\nReagan, Nancy, 1921-2016--Photographs.\n\n\nBush, Barbara, 1925- --Autographs.\n\n\nBush, Barbara, 1925- --Correspondence.\n\n\nBush, Barbara, 1925- --Photographs.\n\n\nClinton, Hillary Rodham--Autographs.\n\n\nClinton, Hillary Rodham--Photographs.\n\n\nBush, Laura Welch, 1946- --Autographs.\n\n\nBush, Laura Welch, 1946- --Photographs.\n\n\nObama, Michelle, 1964- --Autographs.\n\n\nObama, Michelle, 1964- --Photographs.\n\n\nFirst ladies--Autographs. \n\n\nFirst ladies--Correspondence\n\n\nFirst ladies--Photographs.","Collection is open to research.","Arranged in 2 boxes. The first box contains only Matha Washington's signature clipped from the original document. The second box contains the rest of the collection organized chronologically by when the women were First Lady of the United States within two scrapbooks.","A collection of correspondence, advertisements, pamplets, cards, autographs, and signed photographs either created by or pertaining to the first ladies of the United States during their lifetimes from Martha Washington to Michelle Obama. The First Ladies of the United States have had significant influence on the nation. Martha Washington (1731-1802) was the wife of George Washington, first president of the United States. She started the tradition of the President's wife acting as hostess for presidencial social events. This tradition continues to this day and the role has grown to have significant influence over social issues within the country. The First Lady of the United States now serves as an important public figure for the United States Government. Does not contain any material pertaining to Abigail Adams, Elizabeth Monroe, Letita Tyler, Margaret Taylor, Abigail Fillmore, Eliza Johnson, or Ellen Wilson. Nor does it contain any material for Emily Donelson who acted as first lady during the Administration of Andrew Jackson. The first box contains Martha Washington's signature and the second box contains two scrapbooks holding the rest of the collection.","Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Librarian, and the holder of the copyright, if not the John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library at Colonial Williamsburg.","A collection of correspondence and autographs created by the First Ladies of the United States.","Washington, Martha, 1731-1802--Autographs.","Madison, Dolley, 1768-1849--Correspondence.","Adams, Louisa Catherine, 1775-1852--Correspondence.","Van Buren, Angelica Singleton, 1816-1877--Correspondence.","Harrison, Anna Tuthill Symmes, 1775-1864--Correspondence.","Tyler, Julia Gardiner, 1820-1889--Correspondence.","Polk, Sarah Childress, 1803-1891--Autographs.","Pierce, Jane M. (Jane Means), 1806-1863--Correspondence.","Lincoln, Mary Todd, 1818-1882--Correspondence.","Grant, Julia Dent, 1826-1902--Correspondence.","Hayes, Lucy Webb, 1831-1889--Autographs.","Garfield, Lucretia Rudolph, 1832-1918--Correspondence.","Cleveland, Frances Folsom, 1864-1947--Correspondence.","Cleveland, Rose Elizabeth, 1846-1918--Autographs.","Harrison, Caroline Lavinia Scott, 1832-1892--Autographs.","McKee, Mary Scott Harrison, 1858-1930--Autographs.","McKinley, Ida Saxton, 1847-1907--Autographs.","Roosevelt, Edith Kermit Carow, 1861-1948--Autographs.","Taft, Helen Herron, 1861-1943--Correspondence.","Wilson, Edith Bolling Galt, 1872-1961--Correspondence.","Harding, Florence Kling, 1860-1924--Autographs.","Coolidge, Grace Goodhue, 1879-1957--Correspondence.","Coolidge, Grace Goodhue, 1879-1957--Autographs.","Hoover, Lou Henry, 1874-1944--Autographs.","Roosevelt, Eleanor, 1884-1962--Correspondence.","Roosevelt, Eleanor, 1884-1962--Autographs.","Truman, Bess Wallace--Autographs.","Eisenhower, Mamie Doud, 1896-1979--Autographs.","Eisenhower, Mamie Doud, 1896-1979--Correspondence.","Onassis, Jacqueline Kennedy, 1929-1994--Autographs.","Onassis, Jacqueline Kennedy, 1929-1994--Correspondence.","Onassis, Jacqueline Kennedy, 1929-1994--Photographs.","Johnson, Lady Bird, 1912-2007--Autographs.","Johnson, Lady Bird, 1912-2007--Correspondence.","Johnson, Lady Bird, 1912-2007--Photographs.","Nixon, Pat, 1912-1993--Autographs.","Ford, Betty, 1918-2011--Autographs.","Ford, Betty, 1918-2011--Photographs.","Carter, Rosalynn--Autographs.","Carter, Rosalynn,--Photographs.","Reagan, Nancy, 1921-2016--Autographs.","Reagan, Nancy, 1921-2016--Correspondence.","Reagan, Nancy, 1921-2016--Photographs.","Bush, Barbara, 1925- --Autographs.","Bush, Barbara, 1925- --Correspondence.","Bush, Barbara, 1925- --Photographs.","Clinton, Hillary Rodham--Autographs.","Clinton, Hillary Rodham--Photographs.","Bush, Laura Welch, 1946- --Autographs.","Bush, Laura Welch, 1946- --Photographs.","Obama, Michelle, 1964- --Autographs.","Obama, Michelle, 1964- --Photographs.","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Mr. and Mrs. H. Donald Nelson autograph collection of the First Ladies of the United States, circa 1789-2013"],"collection_ssim":["Mr. and Mrs. H. Donald Nelson autograph collection of the First Ladies of the United States, circa 1789-2013"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS 2013.10"],"unitid_tesim":["MS 2013.10"],"repository_ssm":["Colonial Williamsburg"],"repository_ssim":["Colonial Williamsburg"],"creator_ssm":["Nelson Family"],"creator_ssim":["Nelson Family"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Librarian, and the holder of the copyright, if not the John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library at Colonial Williamsburg."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gift 2013"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["."],"extent_ssm":["2 boxes (108 items in two scrapbooks)"],"extent_tesim":["2 boxes (108 items in two scrapbooks)"],"indexes_tesim":["Index Terms\n\n\nWashington, Martha, 1731-1802--Autographs.\n\n\nMadison, Dolley, 1768-1849--Correspondence.\n\n\nAdams, Louisa Catherine, 1775-1852--Correspondence.\n\n\nVan Buren, Angelica Singleton, 1816-1877--Correspondence.\n\n\nHarrison, Anna Tuthill Symmes, 1775-1864--Correspondence.\n\n\nTyler, Julia Gardiner, 1820-1889--Correspondence.\n\n\nPolk, Sarah Childress, 1803-1891--Autographs.\n\n\nPierce, Jane M. (Jane Means), 1806-1863--Correspondence.\n\n\nLincoln, Mary Todd, 1818-1882--Correspondence.\n\n\nGrant, Julia Dent, 1826-1902--Correspondence.\n\n\nHayes, Lucy Webb, 1831-1889--Autographs.\n\n\nGarfield, Lucretia Rudolph, 1832-1918--Correspondence.\n\n\nCleveland, Frances Folsom, 1864-1947--Correspondence.\n\n\nCleveland, Rose Elizabeth, 1846-1918--Autographs.\n\n\nHarrison, Caroline Lavinia Scott, 1832-1892--Autographs.\n\n\nMcKee, Mary Scott Harrison, 1858-1930--Autographs.\n\n\nMcKinley, Ida Saxton, 1847-1907--Autographs.\n\n\nRoosevelt, Edith Kermit Carow, 1861-1948--Autographs.\n\n\nTaft, Helen Herron, 1861-1943--Correspondence.\n\n\nWilson, Edith Bolling Galt, 1872-1961--Correspondence.\n\n\nHarding, Florence Kling, 1860-1924--Autographs.\n\n\nCoolidge, Grace Goodhue, 1879-1957--Correspondence.\n\n\nCoolidge, Grace Goodhue, 1879-1957--Autographs.\n\n\nHoover, Lou Henry, 1874-1944--Autographs.\n\n\nRoosevelt, Eleanor, 1884-1962--Correspondence.\n\n\nRoosevelt, Eleanor, 1884-1962--Autographs.\n\n\nTruman, Bess Wallace--Autographs.\n\n\nEisenhower, Mamie Doud, 1896-1979--Autographs.\n\n\nEisenhower, Mamie Doud, 1896-1979--Correspondence.\n\n\nOnassis, Jacqueline Kennedy, 1929-1994--Autographs.\n\n\nOnassis, Jacqueline Kennedy, 1929-1994--Correspondence.\n\n\nOnassis, Jacqueline Kennedy, 1929-1994--Photographs.\n\n\nJohnson, Lady Bird, 1912-2007--Autographs.\n\n\nJohnson, Lady Bird, 1912-2007--Correspondence.\n\n\nJohnson, Lady Bird, 1912-2007--Photographs.\n\n\nNixon, Pat, 1912-1993--Autographs.\n\n\nFord, Betty, 1918-2011--Autographs.\n\n\nFord, Betty, 1918-2011--Photographs.\n\n\nCarter, Rosalynn--Autographs.\n\n\nCarter, Rosalynn,--Photographs.\n\n\nReagan, Nancy, 1921-2016--Autographs.\n\n\nReagan, Nancy, 1921-2016--Correspondence.\n\n\nReagan, Nancy, 1921-2016--Photographs.\n\n\nBush, Barbara, 1925- --Autographs.\n\n\nBush, Barbara, 1925- --Correspondence.\n\n\nBush, Barbara, 1925- --Photographs.\n\n\nClinton, Hillary Rodham--Autographs.\n\n\nClinton, Hillary Rodham--Photographs.\n\n\nBush, Laura Welch, 1946- --Autographs.\n\n\nBush, Laura Welch, 1946- --Photographs.\n\n\nObama, Michelle, 1964- --Autographs.\n\n\nObama, Michelle, 1964- --Photographs.\n\n\nFirst ladies--Autographs. \n\n\nFirst ladies--Correspondence\n\n\nFirst ladies--Photographs."],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to research.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eArranged in 2 boxes. The first box contains only Matha Washington's signature clipped from the original document. The second box contains the rest of the collection organized chronologically by when the women were First Lady of the United States within two scrapbooks.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Arranged in 2 boxes. The first box contains only Matha Washington's signature clipped from the original document. The second box contains the rest of the collection organized chronologically by when the women were First Lady of the United States within two scrapbooks."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMr. and Mrs. Donald Nelson autograph collection of the First Ladies of the United States, circa 1789-2009, MS 2013.10, John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library, Colonial Williamsburg Foundation.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n"],"prefercite_tesim":["Mr. and Mrs. Donald Nelson autograph collection of the First Ladies of the United States, circa 1789-2009, MS 2013.10, John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library, Colonial Williamsburg Foundation."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA collection of correspondence, advertisements, pamplets, cards, autographs, and signed photographs either created by or pertaining to the first ladies of the United States during their lifetimes from Martha Washington to Michelle Obama. The First Ladies of the United States have had significant influence on the nation. Martha Washington (1731-1802) was the wife of George Washington, first president of the United States. She started the tradition of the President's wife acting as hostess for presidencial social events. This tradition continues to this day and the role has grown to have significant influence over social issues within the country. The First Lady of the United States now serves as an important public figure for the United States Government. Does not contain any material pertaining to Abigail Adams, Elizabeth Monroe, Letita Tyler, Margaret Taylor, Abigail Fillmore, Eliza Johnson, or Ellen Wilson. Nor does it contain any material for Emily Donelson who acted as first lady during the Administration of Andrew Jackson. The first box contains Martha Washington's signature and the second box contains two scrapbooks holding the rest of the collection.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["A collection of correspondence, advertisements, pamplets, cards, autographs, and signed photographs either created by or pertaining to the first ladies of the United States during their lifetimes from Martha Washington to Michelle Obama. The First Ladies of the United States have had significant influence on the nation. Martha Washington (1731-1802) was the wife of George Washington, first president of the United States. She started the tradition of the President's wife acting as hostess for presidencial social events. This tradition continues to this day and the role has grown to have significant influence over social issues within the country. The First Lady of the United States now serves as an important public figure for the United States Government. Does not contain any material pertaining to Abigail Adams, Elizabeth Monroe, Letita Tyler, Margaret Taylor, Abigail Fillmore, Eliza Johnson, or Ellen Wilson. Nor does it contain any material for Emily Donelson who acted as first lady during the Administration of Andrew Jackson. The first box contains Martha Washington's signature and the second box contains two scrapbooks holding the rest of the collection."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Librarian, and the holder of the copyright, if not the John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library at Colonial Williamsburg.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Librarian, and the holder of the copyright, if not the John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library at Colonial Williamsburg."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract label=\"Abstract\"\u003eA collection of correspondence and autographs created by the First Ladies of the United States. \n\u003c/abstract\u003e\n"],"abstract_tesim":["A collection of correspondence and autographs created by the First Ladies of the United States."],"name_ssim":["Washington, Martha, 1731-1802--Autographs.","Madison, Dolley, 1768-1849--Correspondence.","Adams, Louisa Catherine, 1775-1852--Correspondence.","Van Buren, Angelica Singleton, 1816-1877--Correspondence.","Harrison, Anna Tuthill Symmes, 1775-1864--Correspondence.","Tyler, Julia Gardiner, 1820-1889--Correspondence.","Polk, Sarah Childress, 1803-1891--Autographs.","Pierce, Jane M. (Jane Means), 1806-1863--Correspondence.","Lincoln, Mary Todd, 1818-1882--Correspondence.","Grant, Julia Dent, 1826-1902--Correspondence.","Hayes, Lucy Webb, 1831-1889--Autographs.","Garfield, Lucretia Rudolph, 1832-1918--Correspondence.","Cleveland, Frances Folsom, 1864-1947--Correspondence.","Cleveland, Rose Elizabeth, 1846-1918--Autographs.","Harrison, Caroline Lavinia Scott, 1832-1892--Autographs.","McKee, Mary Scott Harrison, 1858-1930--Autographs.","McKinley, Ida Saxton, 1847-1907--Autographs.","Roosevelt, Edith Kermit Carow, 1861-1948--Autographs.","Taft, Helen Herron, 1861-1943--Correspondence.","Wilson, Edith Bolling Galt, 1872-1961--Correspondence.","Harding, Florence Kling, 1860-1924--Autographs.","Coolidge, Grace Goodhue, 1879-1957--Correspondence.","Coolidge, Grace Goodhue, 1879-1957--Autographs.","Hoover, Lou Henry, 1874-1944--Autographs.","Roosevelt, Eleanor, 1884-1962--Correspondence.","Roosevelt, Eleanor, 1884-1962--Autographs.","Truman, Bess Wallace--Autographs.","Eisenhower, Mamie Doud, 1896-1979--Autographs.","Eisenhower, Mamie Doud, 1896-1979--Correspondence.","Onassis, Jacqueline Kennedy, 1929-1994--Autographs.","Onassis, Jacqueline Kennedy, 1929-1994--Correspondence.","Onassis, Jacqueline Kennedy, 1929-1994--Photographs.","Johnson, Lady Bird, 1912-2007--Autographs.","Johnson, Lady Bird, 1912-2007--Correspondence.","Johnson, Lady Bird, 1912-2007--Photographs.","Nixon, Pat, 1912-1993--Autographs.","Ford, Betty, 1918-2011--Autographs.","Ford, Betty, 1918-2011--Photographs.","Carter, Rosalynn--Autographs.","Carter, Rosalynn,--Photographs.","Reagan, Nancy, 1921-2016--Autographs.","Reagan, Nancy, 1921-2016--Correspondence.","Reagan, Nancy, 1921-2016--Photographs.","Bush, Barbara, 1925- --Autographs.","Bush, Barbara, 1925- --Correspondence.","Bush, Barbara, 1925- --Photographs.","Clinton, Hillary Rodham--Autographs.","Clinton, Hillary Rodham--Photographs.","Bush, Laura Welch, 1946- --Autographs.","Bush, Laura Welch, 1946- --Photographs.","Obama, Michelle, 1964- --Autographs.","Obama, Michelle, 1964- --Photographs."],"names_ssim":["Washington, Martha, 1731-1802--Autographs.","Madison, Dolley, 1768-1849--Correspondence.","Adams, Louisa Catherine, 1775-1852--Correspondence.","Van Buren, Angelica Singleton, 1816-1877--Correspondence.","Harrison, Anna Tuthill Symmes, 1775-1864--Correspondence.","Tyler, Julia Gardiner, 1820-1889--Correspondence.","Polk, Sarah Childress, 1803-1891--Autographs.","Pierce, Jane M. (Jane Means), 1806-1863--Correspondence.","Lincoln, Mary Todd, 1818-1882--Correspondence.","Grant, Julia Dent, 1826-1902--Correspondence.","Hayes, Lucy Webb, 1831-1889--Autographs.","Garfield, Lucretia Rudolph, 1832-1918--Correspondence.","Cleveland, Frances Folsom, 1864-1947--Correspondence.","Cleveland, Rose Elizabeth, 1846-1918--Autographs.","Harrison, Caroline Lavinia Scott, 1832-1892--Autographs.","McKee, Mary Scott Harrison, 1858-1930--Autographs.","McKinley, Ida Saxton, 1847-1907--Autographs.","Roosevelt, Edith Kermit Carow, 1861-1948--Autographs.","Taft, Helen Herron, 1861-1943--Correspondence.","Wilson, Edith Bolling Galt, 1872-1961--Correspondence.","Harding, Florence Kling, 1860-1924--Autographs.","Coolidge, Grace Goodhue, 1879-1957--Correspondence.","Coolidge, Grace Goodhue, 1879-1957--Autographs.","Hoover, Lou Henry, 1874-1944--Autographs.","Roosevelt, Eleanor, 1884-1962--Correspondence.","Roosevelt, Eleanor, 1884-1962--Autographs.","Truman, Bess Wallace--Autographs.","Eisenhower, Mamie Doud, 1896-1979--Autographs.","Eisenhower, Mamie Doud, 1896-1979--Correspondence.","Onassis, Jacqueline Kennedy, 1929-1994--Autographs.","Onassis, Jacqueline Kennedy, 1929-1994--Correspondence.","Onassis, Jacqueline Kennedy, 1929-1994--Photographs.","Johnson, Lady Bird, 1912-2007--Autographs.","Johnson, Lady Bird, 1912-2007--Correspondence.","Johnson, Lady Bird, 1912-2007--Photographs.","Nixon, Pat, 1912-1993--Autographs.","Ford, Betty, 1918-2011--Autographs.","Ford, Betty, 1918-2011--Photographs.","Carter, Rosalynn--Autographs.","Carter, Rosalynn,--Photographs.","Reagan, Nancy, 1921-2016--Autographs.","Reagan, Nancy, 1921-2016--Correspondence.","Reagan, Nancy, 1921-2016--Photographs.","Bush, Barbara, 1925- --Autographs.","Bush, Barbara, 1925- --Correspondence.","Bush, Barbara, 1925- --Photographs.","Clinton, Hillary Rodham--Autographs.","Clinton, Hillary Rodham--Photographs.","Bush, Laura Welch, 1946- --Autographs.","Bush, Laura Welch, 1946- --Photographs.","Obama, Michelle, 1964- --Autographs.","Obama, Michelle, 1964- --Photographs."],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":111,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T23:07:11.343Z","indexes_html_tesm":["\u003cindex\u003e\n\u003chead\u003eIndex Terms\n\u003c/head\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eWashington, Martha, 1731-1802--Autographs.\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eMadison, Dolley, 1768-1849--Correspondence.\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eAdams, Louisa Catherine, 1775-1852--Correspondence.\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eVan Buren, Angelica Singleton, 1816-1877--Correspondence.\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eHarrison, Anna Tuthill Symmes, 1775-1864--Correspondence.\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eTyler, Julia Gardiner, 1820-1889--Correspondence.\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003ePolk, Sarah Childress, 1803-1891--Autographs.\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003ePierce, Jane M. (Jane Means), 1806-1863--Correspondence.\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eLincoln, Mary Todd, 1818-1882--Correspondence.\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eGrant, Julia Dent, 1826-1902--Correspondence.\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eHayes, Lucy Webb, 1831-1889--Autographs.\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eGarfield, Lucretia Rudolph, 1832-1918--Correspondence.\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eCleveland, Frances Folsom, 1864-1947--Correspondence.\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eCleveland, Rose Elizabeth, 1846-1918--Autographs.\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eHarrison, Caroline Lavinia Scott, 1832-1892--Autographs.\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eMcKee, Mary Scott Harrison, 1858-1930--Autographs.\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eMcKinley, Ida Saxton, 1847-1907--Autographs.\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eRoosevelt, Edith Kermit Carow, 1861-1948--Autographs.\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eTaft, Helen Herron, 1861-1943--Correspondence.\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eWilson, Edith Bolling Galt, 1872-1961--Correspondence.\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eHarding, Florence Kling, 1860-1924--Autographs.\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eCoolidge, Grace Goodhue, 1879-1957--Correspondence.\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eCoolidge, Grace Goodhue, 1879-1957--Autographs.\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eHoover, Lou Henry, 1874-1944--Autographs.\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eRoosevelt, Eleanor, 1884-1962--Correspondence.\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eRoosevelt, Eleanor, 1884-1962--Autographs.\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eTruman, Bess Wallace--Autographs.\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eEisenhower, Mamie Doud, 1896-1979--Autographs.\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eEisenhower, Mamie Doud, 1896-1979--Correspondence.\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eOnassis, Jacqueline Kennedy, 1929-1994--Autographs.\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eOnassis, Jacqueline Kennedy, 1929-1994--Correspondence.\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eOnassis, Jacqueline Kennedy, 1929-1994--Photographs.\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eJohnson, Lady Bird, 1912-2007--Autographs.\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eJohnson, Lady Bird, 1912-2007--Correspondence.\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eJohnson, Lady Bird, 1912-2007--Photographs.\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eNixon, Pat, 1912-1993--Autographs.\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eFord, Betty, 1918-2011--Autographs.\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eFord, Betty, 1918-2011--Photographs.\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eCarter, Rosalynn--Autographs.\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eCarter, Rosalynn,--Photographs.\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eReagan, Nancy, 1921-2016--Autographs.\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eReagan, Nancy, 1921-2016--Correspondence.\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eReagan, Nancy, 1921-2016--Photographs.\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eBush, Barbara, 1925- --Autographs.\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eBush, Barbara, 1925- --Correspondence.\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eBush, Barbara, 1925- --Photographs.\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eClinton, Hillary Rodham--Autographs.\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eClinton, Hillary Rodham--Photographs.\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eBush, Laura Welch, 1946- --Autographs.\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eBush, Laura Welch, 1946- --Photographs.\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eObama, Michelle, 1964- --Autographs.\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eObama, Michelle, 1964- --Photographs.\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003csubject\u003eFirst ladies--Autographs. \u003c/subject\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003csubject\u003eFirst ladies--Correspondence\u003c/subject\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003csubject\u003eFirst ladies--Photographs.\u003c/subject\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003c/index\u003e\n"]}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viwc_ViWC00603_c02_c01"}},{"id":"viwc_ViWC00608_c02_c02","type":"Sub-Series","attributes":{"title":"Section: Historic buildings outside of Virginia","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viwc_ViWC00608_c02_c02#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eContains reference and research drawings and notes on colonial style architecture outside of Virginia. Arranged alphebetically by location name. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viwc_ViWC00608_c02_c02#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viwc_ViWC00608_c02_c02","ref_ssm":["viwc_ViWC00608_c02_c02"],"id":"viwc_ViWC00608_c02_c02","ead_ssi":"viwc_ViWC00608","_root_":"viwc_ViWC00608","_nest_parent_":"viwc_ViWC00608_c02","parent_ssi":"viwc_ViWC00608_c02","parent_ssim":["Singleton P. Moorehead Papers, 1923-1972","Box: 2"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viwc_ViWC00608","viwc_ViWC00608_c02"],"title_filing_ssi":"Historic buildings outside of Virginia","title_ssm":["Section: Historic buildings outside of Virginia"],"title_tesim":["Section: Historic buildings outside of Virginia"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Section: Historic buildings outside of Virginia"],"text":["Section: Historic buildings outside of Virginia","Singleton P. Moorehead Papers, 1923-1972","Box: 2","folder 2","Contains reference and research drawings and notes on colonial style architecture outside of Virginia. Arranged alphebetically by location name."],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Singleton P. Moorehead Papers, 1923-1972","Box: 2"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Singleton P. Moorehead Papers, 1923-1972","Box: 2"],"level_ssm":["Sub-Series"],"level_ssim":["Sub-series"],"component_level_isim":[2],"sort_isi":128,"repository_ssim":["Colonial Williamsburg"],"collection_ssim":["Singleton P. Moorehead Papers, 1923-1972"],"extent_ssm":["12 folders"],"extent_tesim":["12 folders"],"containers_ssim":["folder 2"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":12,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection is open to research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Librarian, and the holder of the copyright, if not the John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library at Colonial Williamsburg."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eContains reference and research drawings and notes on colonial style architecture outside of Virginia. Arranged alphebetically by location name.\n\t\u003c/p\u003e\n\t"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Contains reference and research drawings and notes on colonial style architecture outside of Virginia. Arranged alphebetically by location name."],"_nest_path_":"/components#1/components#1","timestamp":"2026-08-14T23:07:11.343Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viwc_ViWC00608","ead_ssi":"viwc_ViWC00608","_root_":"viwc_ViWC00608","_nest_parent_":"viwc_ViWC00608","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/cw/ViWC00608.xml","title_ssm":["Singleton P. Moorehead Papers, 1923-1972"],"title_tesim":["Singleton P. Moorehead Papers, 1923-1972"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Singleton P. Moorehead Papers, 1923-1972"],"text":["Singleton P. 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He was hired directly and worked on the restoration in the town for 35 years, partnering with archeologists to conduct research on historical architecture all around Virginia. He authored multiple reports on the various historic buildings in Williamsburg. In 1944 he became the Head of Architecture and moved to a consulting position in 1948. In 1963 he retired citing poor heath and died a year later.","This collection was gathered during the career of Colonial Williamsburg architect, Singleton P. Moorehead (1900-1964). Included are finished drawings, sketches, reproductions, artwork, postcards, correspondence, printed material and oversized architectural drawings. Much of the material relates to Williamsburg or Virginia buildings. The bulk of the collection is reference and research material from the reconstruction of Colonial Williamsburg. Also included are materials from when Singleton P. Moorehead (1900-1964) was a student at Harvard, and his time spent studying in Europe, including reproductions of European art and personal original art. There is one item in the collection from after Moorehead's death, a letter sent to a family member located in box six. The majority of the collection is not dated.","Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Librarian, and the holder of the copyright, if not the John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library at Colonial Williamsburg.","This collection was gathered during the career of Colonial Williamsburg architect, Singleton P. Moorehead (1900-1964), starting from his days as a student at Harvard. It contains architectural drawings, notebooks, notes, sketches, and other illustrations in ten boxes.","Moorehead, Singleton P., 1900-1964.","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Singleton P. Moorehead Papers, 1923-1972"],"collection_ssim":["Singleton P. 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He was hired directly and worked on the restoration in the town for 35 years, partnering with archeologists to conduct research on historical architecture all around Virginia. He authored multiple reports on the various historic buildings in Williamsburg. In 1944 he became the Head of Architecture and moved to a consulting position in 1948. In 1963 he retired citing poor heath and died a year later.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Singleton P. Moorehead (1900-1964) was a prominent Architect involved in the restoration of Colonial Williamsburg. He graduated from Harvard School of Architecture and was a member of the Boston firm Perry, Shaw, and Hepburn when they were involved in the early stages of the restoration project. He was hired directly and worked on the restoration in the town for 35 years, partnering with archeologists to conduct research on historical architecture all around Virginia. He authored multiple reports on the various historic buildings in Williamsburg. In 1944 he became the Head of Architecture and moved to a consulting position in 1948. In 1963 he retired citing poor heath and died a year later."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSingleton P. Moorehead Papers, 1923-1972, John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library, Colonial Williamsburg Foundation , Accession # MS 1989.23, Colonial Williamsburg Foundation\n\u003c/p\u003e\n"],"prefercite_tesim":["Singleton P. Moorehead Papers, 1923-1972, John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library, Colonial Williamsburg Foundation , Accession # MS 1989.23, Colonial Williamsburg Foundation"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection was gathered during the career of Colonial Williamsburg architect, Singleton P. Moorehead (1900-1964). Included are finished drawings, sketches, reproductions, artwork, postcards, correspondence, printed material and oversized architectural drawings. Much of the material relates to Williamsburg or Virginia buildings. The bulk of the collection is reference and research material from the reconstruction of Colonial Williamsburg. Also included are materials from when Singleton P. Moorehead (1900-1964) was a student at Harvard, and his time spent studying in Europe, including reproductions of European art and personal original art. There is one item in the collection from after Moorehead's death, a letter sent to a family member located in box six. The majority of the collection is not dated.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection was gathered during the career of Colonial Williamsburg architect, Singleton P. Moorehead (1900-1964). Included are finished drawings, sketches, reproductions, artwork, postcards, correspondence, printed material and oversized architectural drawings. Much of the material relates to Williamsburg or Virginia buildings. The bulk of the collection is reference and research material from the reconstruction of Colonial Williamsburg. Also included are materials from when Singleton P. Moorehead (1900-1964) was a student at Harvard, and his time spent studying in Europe, including reproductions of European art and personal original art. There is one item in the collection from after Moorehead's death, a letter sent to a family member located in box six. The majority of the collection is not dated."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Librarian, and the holder of the copyright, if not the John D. 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Moorehead Papers, 1923-1972","Box: 2","folder 1","Contains reference and research drawings and notes on 18th century buildings within Williamsburg, VA. Also contains some sketches on Native american villages and a sketchbook. Arranged alphebetically by location name."],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Singleton P. Moorehead Papers, 1923-1972","Box: 2"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Singleton P. Moorehead Papers, 1923-1972","Box: 2"],"level_ssm":["Sub-Series"],"level_ssim":["Sub-series"],"component_level_isim":[2],"sort_isi":73,"repository_ssim":["Colonial Williamsburg"],"collection_ssim":["Singleton P. Moorehead Papers, 1923-1972"],"extent_ssm":["55 folders"],"extent_tesim":["55 folders"],"containers_ssim":["folder 1"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":54,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection is open to research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Librarian, and the holder of the copyright, if not the John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library at Colonial Williamsburg."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e Contains reference and research drawings and notes on 18th century buildings within Williamsburg, VA. Also contains some sketches on Native american villages and a sketchbook. Arranged alphebetically by location name.\n\t\u003c/p\u003e\n\t"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Contains reference and research drawings and notes on 18th century buildings within Williamsburg, VA. Also contains some sketches on Native american villages and a sketchbook. 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Moorehead (1900-1964). Included are finished drawings, sketches, reproductions, artwork, postcards, correspondence, printed material and oversized architectural drawings. Much of the material relates to Williamsburg or Virginia buildings. The bulk of the collection is reference and research material from the reconstruction of Colonial Williamsburg. Also included are materials from when Singleton P. Moorehead (1900-1964) was a student at Harvard, and his time spent studying in Europe, including reproductions of European art and personal original art. There is one item in the collection from after Moorehead's death, a letter sent to a family member located in box six. The majority of the collection is not dated.","Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Librarian, and the holder of the copyright, if not the John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library at Colonial Williamsburg.","This collection was gathered during the career of Colonial Williamsburg architect, Singleton P. Moorehead (1900-1964), starting from his days as a student at Harvard. It contains architectural drawings, notebooks, notes, sketches, and other illustrations in ten boxes.","Moorehead, Singleton P., 1900-1964.","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Singleton P. Moorehead Papers, 1923-1972"],"collection_ssim":["Singleton P. Moorehead Papers, 1923-1972"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS 1989.23"],"unitid_tesim":["MS 1989.23"],"repository_ssm":["Colonial Williamsburg"],"repository_ssim":["Colonial Williamsburg"],"creator_ssm":["Moorehead, Singleton P. (Singleton Peabody) (1900-1964)"],"creator_ssim":["Moorehead, Singleton P. 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Boxes 4 and 5 primarily contain materials from when Moorehead was a student. Box 6 contains correspondence and other miscellaneous reference material. Boxes 7-10 contain reference index cards. \n\u003c/p\u003e\n"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Collection is arranged in ten boxes, the first five of which are oversized materials. Boxes 1 and 2 are research and reference drawings organized by location name. Box 3 contains his notebooks. Boxes 4 and 5 primarily contain materials from when Moorehead was a student. Box 6 contains correspondence and other miscellaneous reference material. Boxes 7-10 contain reference index cards."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSingleton P. Moorehead (1900-1964) was a prominent Architect involved in the restoration of Colonial Williamsburg. He graduated from Harvard School of Architecture and was a member of the Boston firm Perry, Shaw, and Hepburn when they were involved in the early stages of the restoration project. He was hired directly and worked on the restoration in the town for 35 years, partnering with archeologists to conduct research on historical architecture all around Virginia. He authored multiple reports on the various historic buildings in Williamsburg. In 1944 he became the Head of Architecture and moved to a consulting position in 1948. In 1963 he retired citing poor heath and died a year later.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Singleton P. Moorehead (1900-1964) was a prominent Architect involved in the restoration of Colonial Williamsburg. He graduated from Harvard School of Architecture and was a member of the Boston firm Perry, Shaw, and Hepburn when they were involved in the early stages of the restoration project. He was hired directly and worked on the restoration in the town for 35 years, partnering with archeologists to conduct research on historical architecture all around Virginia. He authored multiple reports on the various historic buildings in Williamsburg. In 1944 he became the Head of Architecture and moved to a consulting position in 1948. In 1963 he retired citing poor heath and died a year later."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSingleton P. Moorehead Papers, 1923-1972, John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library, Colonial Williamsburg Foundation , Accession # MS 1989.23, Colonial Williamsburg Foundation\n\u003c/p\u003e\n"],"prefercite_tesim":["Singleton P. Moorehead Papers, 1923-1972, John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library, Colonial Williamsburg Foundation , Accession # MS 1989.23, Colonial Williamsburg Foundation"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection was gathered during the career of Colonial Williamsburg architect, Singleton P. Moorehead (1900-1964). Included are finished drawings, sketches, reproductions, artwork, postcards, correspondence, printed material and oversized architectural drawings. Much of the material relates to Williamsburg or Virginia buildings. The bulk of the collection is reference and research material from the reconstruction of Colonial Williamsburg. Also included are materials from when Singleton P. Moorehead (1900-1964) was a student at Harvard, and his time spent studying in Europe, including reproductions of European art and personal original art. There is one item in the collection from after Moorehead's death, a letter sent to a family member located in box six. The majority of the collection is not dated.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection was gathered during the career of Colonial Williamsburg architect, Singleton P. Moorehead (1900-1964). Included are finished drawings, sketches, reproductions, artwork, postcards, correspondence, printed material and oversized architectural drawings. Much of the material relates to Williamsburg or Virginia buildings. The bulk of the collection is reference and research material from the reconstruction of Colonial Williamsburg. Also included are materials from when Singleton P. Moorehead (1900-1964) was a student at Harvard, and his time spent studying in Europe, including reproductions of European art and personal original art. There is one item in the collection from after Moorehead's death, a letter sent to a family member located in box six. The majority of the collection is not dated."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Librarian, and the holder of the copyright, if not the John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library at Colonial Williamsburg.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Librarian, and the holder of the copyright, if not the John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library at Colonial Williamsburg."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThis collection was gathered during the career of Colonial Williamsburg architect, Singleton P. Moorehead (1900-1964), starting from his days as a student at Harvard. It contains architectural drawings, notebooks, notes, sketches, and other illustrations in ten boxes.\n\u003c/abstract\u003e\n"],"abstract_tesim":["This collection was gathered during the career of Colonial Williamsburg architect, Singleton P. Moorehead (1900-1964), starting from his days as a student at Harvard. It contains architectural drawings, notebooks, notes, sketches, and other illustrations in ten boxes."],"persname_ssim":["Moorehead, Singleton P., 1900-1964."],"names_ssim":["Moorehead, Singleton P., 1900-1964."],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":212,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T23:07:11.343Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viwc_ViWC00608_c02_c01"}},{"id":"viwc_viwc00100_c01_c17","type":"Sub-Series","attributes":{"title":"Sub-series 01: Anheuser-Busch.","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viwc_viwc00100_c01_c17#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eIncludes 8x10 inch color prints of what appears to be the ground-breaking ceremony for the Anheuser-Busch plant in Williamsburg in 1969.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viwc_viwc00100_c01_c17#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viwc_viwc00100_c01_c17","ref_ssm":["viwc_viwc00100_c01_c17"],"id":"viwc_viwc00100_c01_c17","ead_ssi":"viwc_viwc00100","_root_":"viwc_viwc00100","_nest_parent_":"viwc_viwc00100_c01","parent_ssi":"viwc_viwc00100_c01","parent_ssim":["Albert Durant Photography Collection, 20th\n century.","Series I: Photoprints."],"parent_ids_ssim":["viwc_viwc00100","viwc_viwc00100_c01"],"title_filing_ssi":"Anheuser-Busch.","title_ssm":["Sub-series 01: Anheuser-Busch."],"title_tesim":["Sub-series 01: Anheuser-Busch."],"normalized_title_ssm":["Sub-series 01: Anheuser-Busch."],"text":["Sub-series 01: Anheuser-Busch.","Albert Durant Photography Collection, 20th\n century.","Series I: Photoprints.","1 folder.","Box-folder 13:1","Includes 8x10 inch color prints of what appears to\n be the ground-breaking ceremony for the\n Anheuser-Busch plant in Williamsburg in 1969."],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Albert Durant Photography Collection, 20th\n century.","Series I: Photoprints."],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Albert Durant Photography Collection, 20th\n century.","Series I: Photoprints."],"level_ssm":["Sub-Series"],"level_ssim":["Sub-series"],"component_level_isim":[2],"sort_isi":96,"repository_ssim":["Colonial Williamsburg"],"collection_ssim":["Albert Durant Photography Collection, 20th\n century."],"physdesc_tesim":["1 folder."],"containers_ssim":["Box-folder 13:1"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["There are no restrictions."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation owns the copyright\n for all materials within this collection. Permission to\n cite from or reproduce materials in publications must be\n requested from the Visual Resources Library staff."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIncludes 8x10 inch color prints of what appears to\n be the ground-breaking ceremony for the\n Anheuser-Busch plant in Williamsburg in 1969.\u003c/p\u003e\n "],"scopecontent_tesim":["Includes 8x10 inch color prints of what appears to\n be the ground-breaking ceremony for the\n Anheuser-Busch plant in Williamsburg in 1969."],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#16","timestamp":"2026-08-14T23:07:11.343Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viwc_viwc00100","ead_ssi":"viwc_viwc00100","_root_":"viwc_viwc00100","_nest_parent_":"viwc_viwc00100","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/cw/viwc00100.xml","title_ssm":["Albert Durant Photography Collection, 20th\n century."],"title_tesim":["Albert Durant Photography Collection, 20th\n century."],"normalized_title_ssm":["Albert Durant Photography Collection, 20th\n century."],"text":["Albert Durant Photography Collection, 20th\n century.","AV-92.1","Accidents--Virginia--Williamsburg-- Photographs.","African\n American photographers--Virginia--Williamsburg.","African\n American students--Virginia-- Photographs.","African\n American\n students--Virginia--Williamsburg--Photographs.","African\n Americans--Virginia--Social life and\n customs--Photographs.","African\n Americans--Virginia--Williamsburg--Social life and\n customs--Photographs.","Crime--Virginia--Williamsburg--Photographs.","Disasters--\n Virginia--Williamsburg- -Photographs.","34 boxes (14 linear ft.)","There are no restrictions.","This collection has been organized into 5 series: \n Series 1. Photoprints \n Series 2. Negatives \n Series 3. Slides \n Series 4. Oversize Prints \n Series 5. Personal Papers","Albert Wadsworth Durant was born on February 2, 1920 in New\n York City to Samuel and Bessie Durant. His mother was a native\n of Williamsburg who moved with her husband to New York and\n worked as a domestic servant for a family. After the death of\n her husband, who was originally from the West Indies, Bessie\n Durant and her children re-located to Williamsburg, Virginia\n in 1929.","At age 36, Durant married Elsie Lucille Ferguson on August\n 18, 1956. They raised three sons, Albert W. Durant, Jr., Byron\n Murphy, and Roderick Ferguson and two daughters, Yvette Durant\n and Deanna Ferguson.","Albert Durant ran his own chauffeuring and limousine\n business in the Williamsburg area, providing services to many\n distinguished visitors to the city, including the Queen Mother\n of England, the Prince of Japan, and various chief justices.\n He often took his customers on excursions to local historic\n sites, including Colonial Williamsburg, Jamestown, and the\n James River plantations. Through course work at the College of\n William and Mary, Durant acquired a background in American\n history which enabled him to provide historical commentary as\n he drove customers through the countryside.","Durant's contacts at the College of William and Mary\n sparked his initial interest in photography and once he had\n obtained equipment and training, Durant began creating his own\n historical record of the Williamsburg area. As the first city\n licensed black photographer in Williamsburg, Durant produced\n hundreds of portraits documenting the families and activities\n of African-American residents and also documented significant\n events, places, and person in and around Williamsburg.","In addition, Albert Durant worked to improve the conditions\n for African-Americans in Williamsburg by serving in various\n positions in the city's government. He acted as the first\n black Justice of the Peace and Bail Commissioner in\n Williamsburg and served as the first black magistrate of the\n General District Court from his appointment in 1962 until his\n retirement in 1975.","Albert Durant died at age 71 on April 14, 1991.","In processing this collection, an effort has been made\n to preserve the organization Durant used for his\n photographic materials. Negatives arrived in good order,\n filed in metal cabinets with index tabs identifying broad\n subject categories and individual identifications on\n negative envelopes providing more specific information.\n This arrangement is recorded in the computerized negative\n log, which was prepared by taking negatives from the\n drawers in consecutive order and entering their\n identifications into the computer.","Photoprints, slides, and oversize prints arrived in\n boxes in a less discernible order. They have been sorted\n and filed according to the subject categories Durant used\n for his negatives. Framed photos were removed from their\n frames except for those which were fused to the glass. Most\n photos were also removed from acidic mats, unless the mats\n were considered to have artifactual significance. In\n instances where there more than two copies of the same\n image in a particular format, the two images in the best\n condition were selected for retention and the others were\n returned to the donor. Slides, negatives, and prints which\n were extremely deteriorated were also weeded out of the\n collection.","The Albert Durant Photography Collection encompasses\n photoprints, negatives, slides, and personal papers which\n document the photographic production of Williamsburg's first\n black city-licensed photographer, Albert Durant. In addition,\n these materials offer a visual archive of the African-American\n experience in Williamsburg between the 1930s and 1960s.","African-American family life is documented in both formal\n and informal family portraits and portraits of infants and\n children. Family events, such as birthdays, anniversaries,\n weddings, funerals, and holiday celebrations, are also\n represented in formal group portraits and candid shots of\n events taking place.","The collection provides a fascinating glimpse into\n African-American social life in Williamsburg during the 1940s\n and 1950s. Durant captures the atmosphere of local jazz and\n nite clubs through scenes of performers singing and dancing\n and audiences socializing. Many different taverns and clubs\n are represented, including Yorkie's Tavern in Lightfoot, Va.,\n the Hillside Cafe Beer Garden, and various clubs in West Point\n and Hampton. Entertainers pictured in the images include\n Grant's Trio, Mell-O-Tones, and the Atomic Swingsters. Since\n Durant occasionally took trips to New York to meet members of\n well-known blues and jazz bands, the collection also features\n a few portraits of such musicians as Count Basie.","Durant also acted as photographer for many African-\n American clubs and organizations. Along with taking formal\n group portraits, he documented these groups through informal\n shots of meetings, dinners, and special events. Many\n African-American women's clubs dedicated to social reform, as\n well as women's missionary circles, are documented in these\n photos. The series of club portraits also encompasses\n occupational groups, such as hairdresser's clubs and doctor's\n conventions, as well as garden clubs, musical performance\n groups, hunting and fishing clubs, and community service\n groups. Several African-American organizations dedicated to\n fighting for civil rights are also represented, including the\n Yorktown Chapter of the National Association for the\n Advancement of Corlored People.","African-American student life during the late 1940s and\n early 1950s is also featured in this visual archive. Durant\n acted as a portrait photographer for Junior-Senior Proms at\n local black high schools and also documented the sports teams,\n marching bands, choirs, students, and faculty at Bruton\n Heights School in Williamsburg. The series of images he\n categorized as relating to \"School Affairs\" encompasses\n Homecoming parades and assemblies, football and basketball\n teams, theater productions, graduation portraits, and group\n portraits of classes, clubs, and faculty at various high\n schools. His negative identifications for this series indicate\n that he photographed students at Frederick Douglas School,\n James Weldon Johnson School in Yorktown, Charles City School,\n Bruton Heights School, Mathew Whaley School, and at various\n schools in Isle of Wight and Charles City counties.","Various clubs and student organizations are featured in\n images of parades in Williamsburg and Smithfield. Among the\n parades represented are the College of William and Mary's\n Homecoming parades, a Shriner parade, and a parade celebrating\n the 250th Anniversary of Williamsburg. These photos show\n various floats prepared by such groups as the Puritan Club,\n the Junior Women's Club, the Smithfield Players, and college\n glee clubs and fraternities and sororities.","A popular summer recreational area for Williamsburg's\n African-Americans in the 1940s and 1950s was Log Cabin Beach.\n Durant took dozens of souvenir portraits of men, women, and\n children at this beach along James River. The collection\n includes numerous examples of these souvenir portraits, some\n of which are still in their original mats with the Log Cabin\n Beach inscription.","African-American spiritual life is also well-documented by\n the collection. Durant photographed church groups, such as\n choirs and missionary circles, as well as individuals\n participating in rituals, at many different black churches in\n the Williamsburg area. Included in this collection are\n negatives and photoprints of members of the congregations of\n Mt. Gilead Baptist Church in Grove, Va., New Zion Baptist\n Church in Lightfoot, Va., First Baptist Church in\n Williamsburg, Va., and several other Baptist churches in the\n area. A series of photos also captures Baptist ministers\n performing full-immersion baptisms in a river.","Occupations, working conditions, and business opportunities\n for African-Americans in Williamsburg are also documented in\n this collection. The photos show African-Americans working in\n restaurants, beauty and barber shops, stores, offices, dry\n cleaners, and gas stations. Since he often picked up customers\n at the Williamsburg Inn and Williamsburg Lodge, Durant enjoyed\n photographing other chaffeurs and taxi drivers waiting at the\n hotels, as well as African-American porters and bell captains\n who were stationed at the entrances. African-American costumed\n interpreters at Colonial Williamsburg are also captured in\n some of his informal portraits.","Durant compiled a photographic record of the white\n community in Williamsburg in the 1940s, 1950s, and 1960s as he\n fulfilled commissions for wedding pictures, school portraits,\n businesses, nightclubs, organizations, and special events.\n Since he chauffered many distinguished visitors around\n Williamsburg, Durant had opportunities to capture the visits\n of such heads of state as Queen Elizabeth of Great Britain and\n the Prince of Japan. In addition, Durant photographed various\n members of John D. Rockefeller, Jr.'s family at Bassett Hall\n and at various sites around the Historic Area.","Colonial Williamsburg's buildings, employees, and programs\n are also featured in many photos. As part of his photography\n business, Durant prepared Christmas photo cards with snow\n scenes of the Historic Area. In addition, he took a series of\n color slides which document the filming of \n The Story of a Patriot,\"\n the official orientation film still in use at Colonial\n Williamsburg's Visitor's Center. Durant also took many posed\n portraits of both white and African-American costumed\n interpreters who worked in the Historic Area.","Crime, accidents, and disasters in Williamsburg were also\n recorded on film by Durant, who appers to have provided\n photographic services to the Police Department. A series of\n photos provides a graphic visual record of a fire at the Brick\n House Tavern in the Historic Area. Durant also recorded\n automobile accidents and police investigations.","Other local events commemorated in Durant's photos include\n the trial run of the S.S. United States, a ship built by the\n Newport News Shipyard and Drydock Co. (now known as Newport\n News Shipbuilding.) This series of photos documents staff on\n board the ship, as well as the interiors of various rooms and\n the exterior of the ship. Durant also compiled photographic\n documentation of the groundbreaking for the Anheuser-Busch\n plant and of the Bicentennial at Yorktown in 1976.","Although this collection provides little documentation of\n Durant's personal life, it does include one box of personal\n papers relating to Durant's limousine business and to his\n activities as a member of the city government. Some of these\n papers were removed for preservation purposes from a scrapbook\n and are retained in their original order in a folder. They\n include certificates, correspondence, news clippings, and\n photos documenting Durant's activities as a magistrate, notary\n public, and chauffeur. Durant's concern about equal\n opportunities for African-Americans is reflected in news\n clippings about housing discrimination, as well as a letter\n from President Johnson's secretary personally thanking Durant\n for his comments on the Voting Rights Act of 1965. The\n scrapbook materials also include several letters from\n satisfied customers who enjoyed Durant's driving and\n historical commentary.","The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation owns the copyright\n for all materials within this collection. Permission to\n cite from or reproduce materials in publications must be\n requested from the Visual Resources Library staff.","Collections consists of the\n photographs of Albert Durant, chauffer, entrepreneur, and\n photographer of Williamsburg, Va. Photos chiefly depict the\n social, religious, and economic activities of African-\n Americans in Williamsburg and the surrounding area from the\n 1930s through the 1960s.","Atomic Swingsters (Musical\n group)","Brick House Tavern\n (Williamsburg, Va.)","Bruton Heights School\n (Williamsburg, Va.)","Charles City School (Charles\n City, Va.)","Colonial\n Williamsburg Foundation.","First Baptist Church\n (Williamsburg, Va.)","Grant's Trio (Musical\n group)","Hillside Cafe Beer\n Garden.","James Weldon Johnson School\n (Yorktown, Va.)","Mell-O-Tones (Musical\n group)","Mt. Gilead Baptist Church\n (James City County, Va.)","National Association for the\n Advancement of Colored People--Yorktown, Virginia\n Branch.","New Zion Baptist Church\n (Lightfoot, Va.)","Newport News Shipbuilding\n and Dry Dock Company.","United States (Ship :\n 1952)","United\n States. Voting Rights Act of 1965.","Yorkie's Tavern (Yorktown,\n Va.)","Albert Durant.","Basie, Count,\n 1904-","Elizabeth,\n II, Queen of Great Britain, 1926-","Durant, Albert Wadsworth,\n 1920-1991.","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Albert Durant Photography Collection, 20th\n century."],"collection_ssim":["Albert Durant Photography Collection, 20th\n century."],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["AV-92.1"],"unitid_tesim":["AV-92.1"],"repository_ssm":["Colonial Williamsburg"],"repository_ssim":["Colonial Williamsburg"],"creator_ssm":["Albert Durant."],"creator_ssim":["Albert Durant."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Albert Durant.","Basie, Count,\n 1904-","Elizabeth,\n II, Queen of Great Britain, 1926-","Durant, Albert Wadsworth,\n 1920-1991."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Atomic Swingsters (Musical\n group)","Brick House Tavern\n (Williamsburg, Va.)","Bruton Heights School\n (Williamsburg, Va.)","Charles City School (Charles\n City, Va.)","Colonial\n Williamsburg Foundation.","First Baptist Church\n (Williamsburg, Va.)","Grant's Trio (Musical\n group)","Hillside Cafe Beer\n Garden.","James Weldon Johnson School\n (Yorktown, Va.)","Mell-O-Tones (Musical\n group)","Mt. Gilead Baptist Church\n (James City County, Va.)","National Association for the\n Advancement of Colored People--Yorktown, Virginia\n Branch.","New Zion Baptist Church\n (Lightfoot, Va.)","Newport News Shipbuilding\n and Dry Dock Company.","United States (Ship :\n 1952)","United\n States. Voting Rights Act of 1965.","Yorkie's Tavern (Yorktown,\n Va.)"],"creators_ssim":["Albert Durant.","Basie, Count,\n 1904-","Elizabeth,\n II, Queen of Great Britain, 1926-","Durant, Albert Wadsworth,\n 1920-1991.","Atomic Swingsters (Musical\n group)","Brick House Tavern\n (Williamsburg, Va.)","Bruton Heights School\n (Williamsburg, Va.)","Charles City School (Charles\n City, Va.)","Colonial\n Williamsburg Foundation.","First Baptist Church\n (Williamsburg, Va.)","Grant's Trio (Musical\n group)","Hillside Cafe Beer\n Garden.","James Weldon Johnson School\n (Yorktown, Va.)","Mell-O-Tones (Musical\n group)","Mt. Gilead Baptist Church\n (James City County, Va.)","National Association for the\n Advancement of Colored People--Yorktown, Virginia\n Branch.","New Zion Baptist Church\n (Lightfoot, Va.)","Newport News Shipbuilding\n and Dry Dock Company.","United States (Ship :\n 1952)","United\n States. Voting Rights Act of 1965.","Yorkie's Tavern (Yorktown,\n Va.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation owns the copyright\n for all materials within this collection. Permission to\n cite from or reproduce materials in publications must be\n requested from the Visual Resources Library staff."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Purchase, 1991."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Accidents--Virginia--Williamsburg-- Photographs.","African\n American photographers--Virginia--Williamsburg.","African\n American students--Virginia-- Photographs.","African\n American\n students--Virginia--Williamsburg--Photographs.","African\n Americans--Virginia--Social life and\n customs--Photographs.","African\n Americans--Virginia--Williamsburg--Social life and\n customs--Photographs.","Crime--Virginia--Williamsburg--Photographs.","Disasters--\n Virginia--Williamsburg- -Photographs."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Accidents--Virginia--Williamsburg-- Photographs.","African\n American photographers--Virginia--Williamsburg.","African\n American students--Virginia-- Photographs.","African\n American\n students--Virginia--Williamsburg--Photographs.","African\n Americans--Virginia--Social life and\n customs--Photographs.","African\n Americans--Virginia--Williamsburg--Social life and\n customs--Photographs.","Crime--Virginia--Williamsburg--Photographs.","Disasters--\n Virginia--Williamsburg- -Photographs."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["34 boxes (14 linear ft.)"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e\n "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection has been organized into 5 series: \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSeries 1. Photoprints \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSeries 2. Negatives \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSeries 3. Slides \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSeries 4. Oversize Prints \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSeries 5. Personal Papers\u003c/p\u003e\n "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Organization"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection has been organized into 5 series: \n Series 1. Photoprints \n Series 2. Negatives \n Series 3. Slides \n Series 4. Oversize Prints \n Series 5. Personal Papers"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAlbert Wadsworth Durant was born on February 2, 1920 in New\n York City to Samuel and Bessie Durant. His mother was a native\n of Williamsburg who moved with her husband to New York and\n worked as a domestic servant for a family. After the death of\n her husband, who was originally from the West Indies, Bessie\n Durant and her children re-located to Williamsburg, Virginia\n in 1929.\u003c/p\u003e\n ","\u003cp\u003eAt age 36, Durant married Elsie Lucille Ferguson on August\n 18, 1956. They raised three sons, Albert W. Durant, Jr., Byron\n Murphy, and Roderick Ferguson and two daughters, Yvette Durant\n and Deanna Ferguson.\u003c/p\u003e\n ","\u003cp\u003eAlbert Durant ran his own chauffeuring and limousine\n business in the Williamsburg area, providing services to many\n distinguished visitors to the city, including the Queen Mother\n of England, the Prince of Japan, and various chief justices.\n He often took his customers on excursions to local historic\n sites, including Colonial Williamsburg, Jamestown, and the\n James River plantations. Through course work at the College of\n William and Mary, Durant acquired a background in American\n history which enabled him to provide historical commentary as\n he drove customers through the countryside.\u003c/p\u003e\n ","\u003cp\u003eDurant's contacts at the College of William and Mary\n sparked his initial interest in photography and once he had\n obtained equipment and training, Durant began creating his own\n historical record of the Williamsburg area. As the first city\n licensed black photographer in Williamsburg, Durant produced\n hundreds of portraits documenting the families and activities\n of African-American residents and also documented significant\n events, places, and person in and around Williamsburg.\u003c/p\u003e\n ","\u003cp\u003eIn addition, Albert Durant worked to improve the conditions\n for African-Americans in Williamsburg by serving in various\n positions in the city's government. He acted as the first\n black Justice of the Peace and Bail Commissioner in\n Williamsburg and served as the first black magistrate of the\n General District Court from his appointment in 1962 until his\n retirement in 1975.\u003c/p\u003e\n ","\u003cp\u003eAlbert Durant died at age 71 on April 14, 1991.\u003c/p\u003e\n "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical/Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Albert Wadsworth Durant was born on February 2, 1920 in New\n York City to Samuel and Bessie Durant. His mother was a native\n of Williamsburg who moved with her husband to New York and\n worked as a domestic servant for a family. After the death of\n her husband, who was originally from the West Indies, Bessie\n Durant and her children re-located to Williamsburg, Virginia\n in 1929.","At age 36, Durant married Elsie Lucille Ferguson on August\n 18, 1956. They raised three sons, Albert W. Durant, Jr., Byron\n Murphy, and Roderick Ferguson and two daughters, Yvette Durant\n and Deanna Ferguson.","Albert Durant ran his own chauffeuring and limousine\n business in the Williamsburg area, providing services to many\n distinguished visitors to the city, including the Queen Mother\n of England, the Prince of Japan, and various chief justices.\n He often took his customers on excursions to local historic\n sites, including Colonial Williamsburg, Jamestown, and the\n James River plantations. Through course work at the College of\n William and Mary, Durant acquired a background in American\n history which enabled him to provide historical commentary as\n he drove customers through the countryside.","Durant's contacts at the College of William and Mary\n sparked his initial interest in photography and once he had\n obtained equipment and training, Durant began creating his own\n historical record of the Williamsburg area. As the first city\n licensed black photographer in Williamsburg, Durant produced\n hundreds of portraits documenting the families and activities\n of African-American residents and also documented significant\n events, places, and person in and around Williamsburg.","In addition, Albert Durant worked to improve the conditions\n for African-Americans in Williamsburg by serving in various\n positions in the city's government. He acted as the first\n black Justice of the Peace and Bail Commissioner in\n Williamsburg and served as the first black magistrate of the\n General District Court from his appointment in 1962 until his\n retirement in 1975.","Albert Durant died at age 71 on April 14, 1991."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAlbert Durant Photography Collection, AV Collection\n AV-92.1, John D. Rockefeller, Jr. Library, Colonial\n Williamsburg Foundation\u003c/p\u003e\n "],"prefercite_tesim":["Albert Durant Photography Collection, AV Collection\n AV-92.1, John D. Rockefeller, Jr. Library, Colonial\n Williamsburg Foundation"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn processing this collection, an effort has been made\n to preserve the organization Durant used for his\n photographic materials. Negatives arrived in good order,\n filed in metal cabinets with index tabs identifying broad\n subject categories and individual identifications on\n negative envelopes providing more specific information.\n This arrangement is recorded in the computerized negative\n log, which was prepared by taking negatives from the\n drawers in consecutive order and entering their\n identifications into the computer.\u003c/p\u003e\n ","\u003cp\u003ePhotoprints, slides, and oversize prints arrived in\n boxes in a less discernible order. They have been sorted\n and filed according to the subject categories Durant used\n for his negatives. Framed photos were removed from their\n frames except for those which were fused to the glass. Most\n photos were also removed from acidic mats, unless the mats\n were considered to have artifactual significance. In\n instances where there more than two copies of the same\n image in a particular format, the two images in the best\n condition were selected for retention and the others were\n returned to the donor. Slides, negatives, and prints which\n were extremely deteriorated were also weeded out of the\n collection.\u003c/p\u003e\n "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["In processing this collection, an effort has been made\n to preserve the organization Durant used for his\n photographic materials. Negatives arrived in good order,\n filed in metal cabinets with index tabs identifying broad\n subject categories and individual identifications on\n negative envelopes providing more specific information.\n This arrangement is recorded in the computerized negative\n log, which was prepared by taking negatives from the\n drawers in consecutive order and entering their\n identifications into the computer.","Photoprints, slides, and oversize prints arrived in\n boxes in a less discernible order. They have been sorted\n and filed according to the subject categories Durant used\n for his negatives. Framed photos were removed from their\n frames except for those which were fused to the glass. Most\n photos were also removed from acidic mats, unless the mats\n were considered to have artifactual significance. In\n instances where there more than two copies of the same\n image in a particular format, the two images in the best\n condition were selected for retention and the others were\n returned to the donor. Slides, negatives, and prints which\n were extremely deteriorated were also weeded out of the\n collection."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Albert Durant Photography Collection encompasses\n photoprints, negatives, slides, and personal papers which\n document the photographic production of Williamsburg's first\n black city-licensed photographer, Albert Durant. In addition,\n these materials offer a visual archive of the African-American\n experience in Williamsburg between the 1930s and 1960s.\u003c/p\u003e\n ","\u003cp\u003eAfrican-American family life is documented in both formal\n and informal family portraits and portraits of infants and\n children. Family events, such as birthdays, anniversaries,\n weddings, funerals, and holiday celebrations, are also\n represented in formal group portraits and candid shots of\n events taking place.\u003c/p\u003e\n ","\u003cp\u003eThe collection provides a fascinating glimpse into\n African-American social life in Williamsburg during the 1940s\n and 1950s. Durant captures the atmosphere of local jazz and\n nite clubs through scenes of performers singing and dancing\n and audiences socializing. Many different taverns and clubs\n are represented, including Yorkie's Tavern in Lightfoot, Va.,\n the Hillside Cafe Beer Garden, and various clubs in West Point\n and Hampton. Entertainers pictured in the images include\n Grant's Trio, Mell-O-Tones, and the Atomic Swingsters. Since\n Durant occasionally took trips to New York to meet members of\n well-known blues and jazz bands, the collection also features\n a few portraits of such musicians as Count Basie.\u003c/p\u003e\n ","\u003cp\u003eDurant also acted as photographer for many African-\n American clubs and organizations. Along with taking formal\n group portraits, he documented these groups through informal\n shots of meetings, dinners, and special events. Many\n African-American women's clubs dedicated to social reform, as\n well as women's missionary circles, are documented in these\n photos. The series of club portraits also encompasses\n occupational groups, such as hairdresser's clubs and doctor's\n conventions, as well as garden clubs, musical performance\n groups, hunting and fishing clubs, and community service\n groups. Several African-American organizations dedicated to\n fighting for civil rights are also represented, including the\n Yorktown Chapter of the National Association for the\n Advancement of Corlored People.\u003c/p\u003e\n ","\u003cp\u003eAfrican-American student life during the late 1940s and\n early 1950s is also featured in this visual archive. Durant\n acted as a portrait photographer for Junior-Senior Proms at\n local black high schools and also documented the sports teams,\n marching bands, choirs, students, and faculty at Bruton\n Heights School in Williamsburg. The series of images he\n categorized as relating to \"School Affairs\" encompasses\n Homecoming parades and assemblies, football and basketball\n teams, theater productions, graduation portraits, and group\n portraits of classes, clubs, and faculty at various high\n schools. His negative identifications for this series indicate\n that he photographed students at Frederick Douglas School,\n James Weldon Johnson School in Yorktown, Charles City School,\n Bruton Heights School, Mathew Whaley School, and at various\n schools in Isle of Wight and Charles City counties.\u003c/p\u003e\n ","\u003cp\u003eVarious clubs and student organizations are featured in\n images of parades in Williamsburg and Smithfield. Among the\n parades represented are the College of William and Mary's\n Homecoming parades, a Shriner parade, and a parade celebrating\n the 250th Anniversary of Williamsburg. These photos show\n various floats prepared by such groups as the Puritan Club,\n the Junior Women's Club, the Smithfield Players, and college\n glee clubs and fraternities and sororities.\u003c/p\u003e\n ","\u003cp\u003eA popular summer recreational area for Williamsburg's\n African-Americans in the 1940s and 1950s was Log Cabin Beach.\n Durant took dozens of souvenir portraits of men, women, and\n children at this beach along James River. The collection\n includes numerous examples of these souvenir portraits, some\n of which are still in their original mats with the Log Cabin\n Beach inscription.\u003c/p\u003e\n ","\u003cp\u003eAfrican-American spiritual life is also well-documented by\n the collection. Durant photographed church groups, such as\n choirs and missionary circles, as well as individuals\n participating in rituals, at many different black churches in\n the Williamsburg area. Included in this collection are\n negatives and photoprints of members of the congregations of\n Mt. Gilead Baptist Church in Grove, Va., New Zion Baptist\n Church in Lightfoot, Va., First Baptist Church in\n Williamsburg, Va., and several other Baptist churches in the\n area. A series of photos also captures Baptist ministers\n performing full-immersion baptisms in a river.\u003c/p\u003e\n ","\u003cp\u003eOccupations, working conditions, and business opportunities\n for African-Americans in Williamsburg are also documented in\n this collection. The photos show African-Americans working in\n restaurants, beauty and barber shops, stores, offices, dry\n cleaners, and gas stations. Since he often picked up customers\n at the Williamsburg Inn and Williamsburg Lodge, Durant enjoyed\n photographing other chaffeurs and taxi drivers waiting at the\n hotels, as well as African-American porters and bell captains\n who were stationed at the entrances. African-American costumed\n interpreters at Colonial Williamsburg are also captured in\n some of his informal portraits.\u003c/p\u003e\n ","\u003cp\u003eDurant compiled a photographic record of the white\n community in Williamsburg in the 1940s, 1950s, and 1960s as he\n fulfilled commissions for wedding pictures, school portraits,\n businesses, nightclubs, organizations, and special events.\n Since he chauffered many distinguished visitors around\n Williamsburg, Durant had opportunities to capture the visits\n of such heads of state as Queen Elizabeth of Great Britain and\n the Prince of Japan. In addition, Durant photographed various\n members of John D. Rockefeller, Jr.'s family at Bassett Hall\n and at various sites around the Historic Area.\u003c/p\u003e\n ","\u003cp\u003eColonial Williamsburg's buildings, employees, and programs\n are also featured in many photos. As part of his photography\n business, Durant prepared Christmas photo cards with snow\n scenes of the Historic Area. In addition, he took a series of\n color slides which document the filming of \n \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"doublequote\" href=\"\"\u003eThe Story of a Patriot,\u003c/title\u003e\"\n the official orientation film still in use at Colonial\n Williamsburg's Visitor's Center. Durant also took many posed\n portraits of both white and African-American costumed\n interpreters who worked in the Historic Area.\u003c/p\u003e\n ","\u003cp\u003eCrime, accidents, and disasters in Williamsburg were also\n recorded on film by Durant, who appers to have provided\n photographic services to the Police Department. A series of\n photos provides a graphic visual record of a fire at the Brick\n House Tavern in the Historic Area. Durant also recorded\n automobile accidents and police investigations.\u003c/p\u003e\n ","\u003cp\u003eOther local events commemorated in Durant's photos include\n the trial run of the S.S. United States, a ship built by the\n Newport News Shipyard and Drydock Co. (now known as Newport\n News Shipbuilding.) This series of photos documents staff on\n board the ship, as well as the interiors of various rooms and\n the exterior of the ship. Durant also compiled photographic\n documentation of the groundbreaking for the Anheuser-Busch\n plant and of the Bicentennial at Yorktown in 1976.\u003c/p\u003e\n ","\u003cp\u003eAlthough this collection provides little documentation of\n Durant's personal life, it does include one box of personal\n papers relating to Durant's limousine business and to his\n activities as a member of the city government. Some of these\n papers were removed for preservation purposes from a scrapbook\n and are retained in their original order in a folder. They\n include certificates, correspondence, news clippings, and\n photos documenting Durant's activities as a magistrate, notary\n public, and chauffeur. Durant's concern about equal\n opportunities for African-Americans is reflected in news\n clippings about housing discrimination, as well as a letter\n from President Johnson's secretary personally thanking Durant\n for his comments on the Voting Rights Act of 1965. The\n scrapbook materials also include several letters from\n satisfied customers who enjoyed Durant's driving and\n historical commentary.\u003c/p\u003e\n "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content Information"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Albert Durant Photography Collection encompasses\n photoprints, negatives, slides, and personal papers which\n document the photographic production of Williamsburg's first\n black city-licensed photographer, Albert Durant. In addition,\n these materials offer a visual archive of the African-American\n experience in Williamsburg between the 1930s and 1960s.","African-American family life is documented in both formal\n and informal family portraits and portraits of infants and\n children. Family events, such as birthdays, anniversaries,\n weddings, funerals, and holiday celebrations, are also\n represented in formal group portraits and candid shots of\n events taking place.","The collection provides a fascinating glimpse into\n African-American social life in Williamsburg during the 1940s\n and 1950s. Durant captures the atmosphere of local jazz and\n nite clubs through scenes of performers singing and dancing\n and audiences socializing. Many different taverns and clubs\n are represented, including Yorkie's Tavern in Lightfoot, Va.,\n the Hillside Cafe Beer Garden, and various clubs in West Point\n and Hampton. Entertainers pictured in the images include\n Grant's Trio, Mell-O-Tones, and the Atomic Swingsters. Since\n Durant occasionally took trips to New York to meet members of\n well-known blues and jazz bands, the collection also features\n a few portraits of such musicians as Count Basie.","Durant also acted as photographer for many African-\n American clubs and organizations. Along with taking formal\n group portraits, he documented these groups through informal\n shots of meetings, dinners, and special events. Many\n African-American women's clubs dedicated to social reform, as\n well as women's missionary circles, are documented in these\n photos. The series of club portraits also encompasses\n occupational groups, such as hairdresser's clubs and doctor's\n conventions, as well as garden clubs, musical performance\n groups, hunting and fishing clubs, and community service\n groups. Several African-American organizations dedicated to\n fighting for civil rights are also represented, including the\n Yorktown Chapter of the National Association for the\n Advancement of Corlored People.","African-American student life during the late 1940s and\n early 1950s is also featured in this visual archive. Durant\n acted as a portrait photographer for Junior-Senior Proms at\n local black high schools and also documented the sports teams,\n marching bands, choirs, students, and faculty at Bruton\n Heights School in Williamsburg. The series of images he\n categorized as relating to \"School Affairs\" encompasses\n Homecoming parades and assemblies, football and basketball\n teams, theater productions, graduation portraits, and group\n portraits of classes, clubs, and faculty at various high\n schools. His negative identifications for this series indicate\n that he photographed students at Frederick Douglas School,\n James Weldon Johnson School in Yorktown, Charles City School,\n Bruton Heights School, Mathew Whaley School, and at various\n schools in Isle of Wight and Charles City counties.","Various clubs and student organizations are featured in\n images of parades in Williamsburg and Smithfield. Among the\n parades represented are the College of William and Mary's\n Homecoming parades, a Shriner parade, and a parade celebrating\n the 250th Anniversary of Williamsburg. These photos show\n various floats prepared by such groups as the Puritan Club,\n the Junior Women's Club, the Smithfield Players, and college\n glee clubs and fraternities and sororities.","A popular summer recreational area for Williamsburg's\n African-Americans in the 1940s and 1950s was Log Cabin Beach.\n Durant took dozens of souvenir portraits of men, women, and\n children at this beach along James River. The collection\n includes numerous examples of these souvenir portraits, some\n of which are still in their original mats with the Log Cabin\n Beach inscription.","African-American spiritual life is also well-documented by\n the collection. Durant photographed church groups, such as\n choirs and missionary circles, as well as individuals\n participating in rituals, at many different black churches in\n the Williamsburg area. Included in this collection are\n negatives and photoprints of members of the congregations of\n Mt. Gilead Baptist Church in Grove, Va., New Zion Baptist\n Church in Lightfoot, Va., First Baptist Church in\n Williamsburg, Va., and several other Baptist churches in the\n area. A series of photos also captures Baptist ministers\n performing full-immersion baptisms in a river.","Occupations, working conditions, and business opportunities\n for African-Americans in Williamsburg are also documented in\n this collection. The photos show African-Americans working in\n restaurants, beauty and barber shops, stores, offices, dry\n cleaners, and gas stations. Since he often picked up customers\n at the Williamsburg Inn and Williamsburg Lodge, Durant enjoyed\n photographing other chaffeurs and taxi drivers waiting at the\n hotels, as well as African-American porters and bell captains\n who were stationed at the entrances. African-American costumed\n interpreters at Colonial Williamsburg are also captured in\n some of his informal portraits.","Durant compiled a photographic record of the white\n community in Williamsburg in the 1940s, 1950s, and 1960s as he\n fulfilled commissions for wedding pictures, school portraits,\n businesses, nightclubs, organizations, and special events.\n Since he chauffered many distinguished visitors around\n Williamsburg, Durant had opportunities to capture the visits\n of such heads of state as Queen Elizabeth of Great Britain and\n the Prince of Japan. In addition, Durant photographed various\n members of John D. Rockefeller, Jr.'s family at Bassett Hall\n and at various sites around the Historic Area.","Colonial Williamsburg's buildings, employees, and programs\n are also featured in many photos. As part of his photography\n business, Durant prepared Christmas photo cards with snow\n scenes of the Historic Area. In addition, he took a series of\n color slides which document the filming of \n The Story of a Patriot,\"\n the official orientation film still in use at Colonial\n Williamsburg's Visitor's Center. Durant also took many posed\n portraits of both white and African-American costumed\n interpreters who worked in the Historic Area.","Crime, accidents, and disasters in Williamsburg were also\n recorded on film by Durant, who appers to have provided\n photographic services to the Police Department. A series of\n photos provides a graphic visual record of a fire at the Brick\n House Tavern in the Historic Area. Durant also recorded\n automobile accidents and police investigations.","Other local events commemorated in Durant's photos include\n the trial run of the S.S. United States, a ship built by the\n Newport News Shipyard and Drydock Co. (now known as Newport\n News Shipbuilding.) This series of photos documents staff on\n board the ship, as well as the interiors of various rooms and\n the exterior of the ship. Durant also compiled photographic\n documentation of the groundbreaking for the Anheuser-Busch\n plant and of the Bicentennial at Yorktown in 1976.","Although this collection provides little documentation of\n Durant's personal life, it does include one box of personal\n papers relating to Durant's limousine business and to his\n activities as a member of the city government. Some of these\n papers were removed for preservation purposes from a scrapbook\n and are retained in their original order in a folder. They\n include certificates, correspondence, news clippings, and\n photos documenting Durant's activities as a magistrate, notary\n public, and chauffeur. Durant's concern about equal\n opportunities for African-Americans is reflected in news\n clippings about housing discrimination, as well as a letter\n from President Johnson's secretary personally thanking Durant\n for his comments on the Voting Rights Act of 1965. The\n scrapbook materials also include several letters from\n satisfied customers who enjoyed Durant's driving and\n historical commentary."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Colonial Williamsburg Foundation owns the copyright\n for all materials within this collection. Permission to\n cite from or reproduce materials in publications must be\n requested from the Visual Resources Library staff.\u003c/p\u003e\n "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Publication Rights/ Restrictions on Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation owns the copyright\n for all materials within this collection. Permission to\n cite from or reproduce materials in publications must be\n requested from the Visual Resources Library staff."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract label=\"Abstract\"\u003eCollections consists of the\n photographs of Albert Durant, chauffer, entrepreneur, and\n photographer of Williamsburg, Va. Photos chiefly depict the\n social, religious, and economic activities of African-\n Americans in Williamsburg and the surrounding area from the\n 1930s through the 1960s.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n "],"abstract_tesim":["Collections consists of the\n photographs of Albert Durant, chauffer, entrepreneur, and\n photographer of Williamsburg, Va. Photos chiefly depict the\n social, religious, and economic activities of African-\n Americans in Williamsburg and the surrounding area from the\n 1930s through the 1960s."],"corpname_ssim":["Atomic Swingsters (Musical\n group)","Brick House Tavern\n (Williamsburg, Va.)","Bruton Heights School\n (Williamsburg, Va.)","Charles City School (Charles\n City, Va.)","Colonial\n Williamsburg Foundation.","First Baptist Church\n (Williamsburg, Va.)","Grant's Trio (Musical\n group)","Hillside Cafe Beer\n Garden.","James Weldon Johnson School\n (Yorktown, Va.)","Mell-O-Tones (Musical\n group)","Mt. Gilead Baptist Church\n (James City County, Va.)","National Association for the\n Advancement of Colored People--Yorktown, Virginia\n Branch.","New Zion Baptist Church\n (Lightfoot, Va.)","Newport News Shipbuilding\n and Dry Dock Company.","United States (Ship :\n 1952)","United\n States. Voting Rights Act of 1965.","Yorkie's Tavern (Yorktown,\n Va.)"],"persname_ssim":["Albert Durant.","Basie, Count,\n 1904-","Elizabeth,\n II, Queen of Great Britain, 1926-","Durant, Albert Wadsworth,\n 1920-1991."],"names_ssim":["Atomic Swingsters (Musical\n group)","Brick House Tavern\n (Williamsburg, Va.)","Bruton Heights School\n (Williamsburg, Va.)","Charles City School (Charles\n City, Va.)","Colonial\n Williamsburg Foundation.","First Baptist Church\n (Williamsburg, Va.)","Grant's Trio (Musical\n group)","Hillside Cafe Beer\n Garden.","James Weldon Johnson School\n (Yorktown, Va.)","Mell-O-Tones (Musical\n group)","Mt. Gilead Baptist Church\n (James City County, Va.)","National Association for the\n Advancement of Colored People--Yorktown, Virginia\n Branch.","New Zion Baptist Church\n (Lightfoot, Va.)","Newport News Shipbuilding\n and Dry Dock Company.","United States (Ship :\n 1952)","United\n States. Voting Rights Act of 1965.","Yorkie's Tavern (Yorktown,\n Va.)","Albert Durant.","Basie, Count,\n 1904-","Elizabeth,\n II, Queen of Great Britain, 1926-","Durant, Albert Wadsworth,\n 1920-1991."],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":187,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T23:07:11.343Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viwc_viwc00100_c01_c17"}},{"id":"viwc_viwc00100_c01_c18","type":"Sub-Series","attributes":{"title":"Sub-series 02: Animals.","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viwc_viwc00100_c01_c18#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eConsists of black and white prints of cats and color prints of turkeys.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viwc_viwc00100_c01_c18#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viwc_viwc00100_c01_c18","ref_ssm":["viwc_viwc00100_c01_c18"],"id":"viwc_viwc00100_c01_c18","ead_ssi":"viwc_viwc00100","_root_":"viwc_viwc00100","_nest_parent_":"viwc_viwc00100_c01","parent_ssi":"viwc_viwc00100_c01","parent_ssim":["Albert Durant Photography Collection, 20th\n century.","Series I: Photoprints."],"parent_ids_ssim":["viwc_viwc00100","viwc_viwc00100_c01"],"title_filing_ssi":"Animals.","title_ssm":["Sub-series 02: Animals."],"title_tesim":["Sub-series 02: Animals."],"normalized_title_ssm":["Sub-series 02: Animals."],"text":["Sub-series 02: Animals.","Albert Durant Photography Collection, 20th\n century.","Series I: Photoprints.","1 folder.","Box-folder 13:2","Consists of black and white prints of cats and\n color prints of turkeys."],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Albert Durant Photography Collection, 20th\n century.","Series I: Photoprints."],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Albert Durant Photography Collection, 20th\n century.","Series I: Photoprints."],"level_ssm":["Sub-Series"],"level_ssim":["Sub-series"],"component_level_isim":[2],"sort_isi":97,"repository_ssim":["Colonial Williamsburg"],"collection_ssim":["Albert Durant Photography Collection, 20th\n century."],"physdesc_tesim":["1 folder."],"containers_ssim":["Box-folder 13:2"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["There are no restrictions."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation owns the copyright\n for all materials within this collection. Permission to\n cite from or reproduce materials in publications must be\n requested from the Visual Resources Library staff."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eConsists of black and white prints of cats and\n color prints of turkeys.\u003c/p\u003e\n "],"scopecontent_tesim":["Consists of black and white prints of cats and\n color prints of turkeys."],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#17","timestamp":"2026-08-14T23:07:11.343Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viwc_viwc00100","ead_ssi":"viwc_viwc00100","_root_":"viwc_viwc00100","_nest_parent_":"viwc_viwc00100","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/cw/viwc00100.xml","title_ssm":["Albert Durant Photography Collection, 20th\n century."],"title_tesim":["Albert Durant Photography Collection, 20th\n century."],"normalized_title_ssm":["Albert Durant Photography Collection, 20th\n century."],"text":["Albert Durant Photography Collection, 20th\n century.","AV-92.1","Accidents--Virginia--Williamsburg-- Photographs.","African\n American photographers--Virginia--Williamsburg.","African\n American students--Virginia-- Photographs.","African\n American\n students--Virginia--Williamsburg--Photographs.","African\n Americans--Virginia--Social life and\n customs--Photographs.","African\n Americans--Virginia--Williamsburg--Social life and\n customs--Photographs.","Crime--Virginia--Williamsburg--Photographs.","Disasters--\n Virginia--Williamsburg- -Photographs.","34 boxes (14 linear ft.)","There are no restrictions.","This collection has been organized into 5 series: \n Series 1. Photoprints \n Series 2. Negatives \n Series 3. Slides \n Series 4. Oversize Prints \n Series 5. Personal Papers","Albert Wadsworth Durant was born on February 2, 1920 in New\n York City to Samuel and Bessie Durant. His mother was a native\n of Williamsburg who moved with her husband to New York and\n worked as a domestic servant for a family. After the death of\n her husband, who was originally from the West Indies, Bessie\n Durant and her children re-located to Williamsburg, Virginia\n in 1929.","At age 36, Durant married Elsie Lucille Ferguson on August\n 18, 1956. They raised three sons, Albert W. Durant, Jr., Byron\n Murphy, and Roderick Ferguson and two daughters, Yvette Durant\n and Deanna Ferguson.","Albert Durant ran his own chauffeuring and limousine\n business in the Williamsburg area, providing services to many\n distinguished visitors to the city, including the Queen Mother\n of England, the Prince of Japan, and various chief justices.\n He often took his customers on excursions to local historic\n sites, including Colonial Williamsburg, Jamestown, and the\n James River plantations. Through course work at the College of\n William and Mary, Durant acquired a background in American\n history which enabled him to provide historical commentary as\n he drove customers through the countryside.","Durant's contacts at the College of William and Mary\n sparked his initial interest in photography and once he had\n obtained equipment and training, Durant began creating his own\n historical record of the Williamsburg area. As the first city\n licensed black photographer in Williamsburg, Durant produced\n hundreds of portraits documenting the families and activities\n of African-American residents and also documented significant\n events, places, and person in and around Williamsburg.","In addition, Albert Durant worked to improve the conditions\n for African-Americans in Williamsburg by serving in various\n positions in the city's government. He acted as the first\n black Justice of the Peace and Bail Commissioner in\n Williamsburg and served as the first black magistrate of the\n General District Court from his appointment in 1962 until his\n retirement in 1975.","Albert Durant died at age 71 on April 14, 1991.","In processing this collection, an effort has been made\n to preserve the organization Durant used for his\n photographic materials. Negatives arrived in good order,\n filed in metal cabinets with index tabs identifying broad\n subject categories and individual identifications on\n negative envelopes providing more specific information.\n This arrangement is recorded in the computerized negative\n log, which was prepared by taking negatives from the\n drawers in consecutive order and entering their\n identifications into the computer.","Photoprints, slides, and oversize prints arrived in\n boxes in a less discernible order. They have been sorted\n and filed according to the subject categories Durant used\n for his negatives. Framed photos were removed from their\n frames except for those which were fused to the glass. Most\n photos were also removed from acidic mats, unless the mats\n were considered to have artifactual significance. In\n instances where there more than two copies of the same\n image in a particular format, the two images in the best\n condition were selected for retention and the others were\n returned to the donor. Slides, negatives, and prints which\n were extremely deteriorated were also weeded out of the\n collection.","The Albert Durant Photography Collection encompasses\n photoprints, negatives, slides, and personal papers which\n document the photographic production of Williamsburg's first\n black city-licensed photographer, Albert Durant. In addition,\n these materials offer a visual archive of the African-American\n experience in Williamsburg between the 1930s and 1960s.","African-American family life is documented in both formal\n and informal family portraits and portraits of infants and\n children. Family events, such as birthdays, anniversaries,\n weddings, funerals, and holiday celebrations, are also\n represented in formal group portraits and candid shots of\n events taking place.","The collection provides a fascinating glimpse into\n African-American social life in Williamsburg during the 1940s\n and 1950s. Durant captures the atmosphere of local jazz and\n nite clubs through scenes of performers singing and dancing\n and audiences socializing. Many different taverns and clubs\n are represented, including Yorkie's Tavern in Lightfoot, Va.,\n the Hillside Cafe Beer Garden, and various clubs in West Point\n and Hampton. Entertainers pictured in the images include\n Grant's Trio, Mell-O-Tones, and the Atomic Swingsters. Since\n Durant occasionally took trips to New York to meet members of\n well-known blues and jazz bands, the collection also features\n a few portraits of such musicians as Count Basie.","Durant also acted as photographer for many African-\n American clubs and organizations. Along with taking formal\n group portraits, he documented these groups through informal\n shots of meetings, dinners, and special events. Many\n African-American women's clubs dedicated to social reform, as\n well as women's missionary circles, are documented in these\n photos. The series of club portraits also encompasses\n occupational groups, such as hairdresser's clubs and doctor's\n conventions, as well as garden clubs, musical performance\n groups, hunting and fishing clubs, and community service\n groups. Several African-American organizations dedicated to\n fighting for civil rights are also represented, including the\n Yorktown Chapter of the National Association for the\n Advancement of Corlored People.","African-American student life during the late 1940s and\n early 1950s is also featured in this visual archive. Durant\n acted as a portrait photographer for Junior-Senior Proms at\n local black high schools and also documented the sports teams,\n marching bands, choirs, students, and faculty at Bruton\n Heights School in Williamsburg. The series of images he\n categorized as relating to \"School Affairs\" encompasses\n Homecoming parades and assemblies, football and basketball\n teams, theater productions, graduation portraits, and group\n portraits of classes, clubs, and faculty at various high\n schools. His negative identifications for this series indicate\n that he photographed students at Frederick Douglas School,\n James Weldon Johnson School in Yorktown, Charles City School,\n Bruton Heights School, Mathew Whaley School, and at various\n schools in Isle of Wight and Charles City counties.","Various clubs and student organizations are featured in\n images of parades in Williamsburg and Smithfield. Among the\n parades represented are the College of William and Mary's\n Homecoming parades, a Shriner parade, and a parade celebrating\n the 250th Anniversary of Williamsburg. These photos show\n various floats prepared by such groups as the Puritan Club,\n the Junior Women's Club, the Smithfield Players, and college\n glee clubs and fraternities and sororities.","A popular summer recreational area for Williamsburg's\n African-Americans in the 1940s and 1950s was Log Cabin Beach.\n Durant took dozens of souvenir portraits of men, women, and\n children at this beach along James River. The collection\n includes numerous examples of these souvenir portraits, some\n of which are still in their original mats with the Log Cabin\n Beach inscription.","African-American spiritual life is also well-documented by\n the collection. Durant photographed church groups, such as\n choirs and missionary circles, as well as individuals\n participating in rituals, at many different black churches in\n the Williamsburg area. Included in this collection are\n negatives and photoprints of members of the congregations of\n Mt. Gilead Baptist Church in Grove, Va., New Zion Baptist\n Church in Lightfoot, Va., First Baptist Church in\n Williamsburg, Va., and several other Baptist churches in the\n area. A series of photos also captures Baptist ministers\n performing full-immersion baptisms in a river.","Occupations, working conditions, and business opportunities\n for African-Americans in Williamsburg are also documented in\n this collection. The photos show African-Americans working in\n restaurants, beauty and barber shops, stores, offices, dry\n cleaners, and gas stations. Since he often picked up customers\n at the Williamsburg Inn and Williamsburg Lodge, Durant enjoyed\n photographing other chaffeurs and taxi drivers waiting at the\n hotels, as well as African-American porters and bell captains\n who were stationed at the entrances. African-American costumed\n interpreters at Colonial Williamsburg are also captured in\n some of his informal portraits.","Durant compiled a photographic record of the white\n community in Williamsburg in the 1940s, 1950s, and 1960s as he\n fulfilled commissions for wedding pictures, school portraits,\n businesses, nightclubs, organizations, and special events.\n Since he chauffered many distinguished visitors around\n Williamsburg, Durant had opportunities to capture the visits\n of such heads of state as Queen Elizabeth of Great Britain and\n the Prince of Japan. In addition, Durant photographed various\n members of John D. Rockefeller, Jr.'s family at Bassett Hall\n and at various sites around the Historic Area.","Colonial Williamsburg's buildings, employees, and programs\n are also featured in many photos. As part of his photography\n business, Durant prepared Christmas photo cards with snow\n scenes of the Historic Area. In addition, he took a series of\n color slides which document the filming of \n The Story of a Patriot,\"\n the official orientation film still in use at Colonial\n Williamsburg's Visitor's Center. Durant also took many posed\n portraits of both white and African-American costumed\n interpreters who worked in the Historic Area.","Crime, accidents, and disasters in Williamsburg were also\n recorded on film by Durant, who appers to have provided\n photographic services to the Police Department. A series of\n photos provides a graphic visual record of a fire at the Brick\n House Tavern in the Historic Area. Durant also recorded\n automobile accidents and police investigations.","Other local events commemorated in Durant's photos include\n the trial run of the S.S. United States, a ship built by the\n Newport News Shipyard and Drydock Co. (now known as Newport\n News Shipbuilding.) This series of photos documents staff on\n board the ship, as well as the interiors of various rooms and\n the exterior of the ship. Durant also compiled photographic\n documentation of the groundbreaking for the Anheuser-Busch\n plant and of the Bicentennial at Yorktown in 1976.","Although this collection provides little documentation of\n Durant's personal life, it does include one box of personal\n papers relating to Durant's limousine business and to his\n activities as a member of the city government. Some of these\n papers were removed for preservation purposes from a scrapbook\n and are retained in their original order in a folder. They\n include certificates, correspondence, news clippings, and\n photos documenting Durant's activities as a magistrate, notary\n public, and chauffeur. Durant's concern about equal\n opportunities for African-Americans is reflected in news\n clippings about housing discrimination, as well as a letter\n from President Johnson's secretary personally thanking Durant\n for his comments on the Voting Rights Act of 1965. The\n scrapbook materials also include several letters from\n satisfied customers who enjoyed Durant's driving and\n historical commentary.","The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation owns the copyright\n for all materials within this collection. Permission to\n cite from or reproduce materials in publications must be\n requested from the Visual Resources Library staff.","Collections consists of the\n photographs of Albert Durant, chauffer, entrepreneur, and\n photographer of Williamsburg, Va. Photos chiefly depict the\n social, religious, and economic activities of African-\n Americans in Williamsburg and the surrounding area from the\n 1930s through the 1960s.","Atomic Swingsters (Musical\n group)","Brick House Tavern\n (Williamsburg, Va.)","Bruton Heights School\n (Williamsburg, Va.)","Charles City School (Charles\n City, Va.)","Colonial\n Williamsburg Foundation.","First Baptist Church\n (Williamsburg, Va.)","Grant's Trio (Musical\n group)","Hillside Cafe Beer\n Garden.","James Weldon Johnson School\n (Yorktown, Va.)","Mell-O-Tones (Musical\n group)","Mt. Gilead Baptist Church\n (James City County, Va.)","National Association for the\n Advancement of Colored People--Yorktown, Virginia\n Branch.","New Zion Baptist Church\n (Lightfoot, Va.)","Newport News Shipbuilding\n and Dry Dock Company.","United States (Ship :\n 1952)","United\n States. Voting Rights Act of 1965.","Yorkie's Tavern (Yorktown,\n Va.)","Albert Durant.","Basie, Count,\n 1904-","Elizabeth,\n II, Queen of Great Britain, 1926-","Durant, Albert Wadsworth,\n 1920-1991.","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Albert Durant Photography Collection, 20th\n century."],"collection_ssim":["Albert Durant Photography Collection, 20th\n century."],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["AV-92.1"],"unitid_tesim":["AV-92.1"],"repository_ssm":["Colonial Williamsburg"],"repository_ssim":["Colonial Williamsburg"],"creator_ssm":["Albert Durant."],"creator_ssim":["Albert Durant."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Albert Durant.","Basie, Count,\n 1904-","Elizabeth,\n II, Queen of Great Britain, 1926-","Durant, Albert Wadsworth,\n 1920-1991."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Atomic Swingsters (Musical\n group)","Brick House Tavern\n (Williamsburg, Va.)","Bruton Heights School\n (Williamsburg, Va.)","Charles City School (Charles\n City, Va.)","Colonial\n Williamsburg Foundation.","First Baptist Church\n (Williamsburg, Va.)","Grant's Trio (Musical\n group)","Hillside Cafe Beer\n Garden.","James Weldon Johnson School\n (Yorktown, Va.)","Mell-O-Tones (Musical\n group)","Mt. Gilead Baptist Church\n (James City County, Va.)","National Association for the\n Advancement of Colored People--Yorktown, Virginia\n Branch.","New Zion Baptist Church\n (Lightfoot, Va.)","Newport News Shipbuilding\n and Dry Dock Company.","United States (Ship :\n 1952)","United\n States. Voting Rights Act of 1965.","Yorkie's Tavern (Yorktown,\n Va.)"],"creators_ssim":["Albert Durant.","Basie, Count,\n 1904-","Elizabeth,\n II, Queen of Great Britain, 1926-","Durant, Albert Wadsworth,\n 1920-1991.","Atomic Swingsters (Musical\n group)","Brick House Tavern\n (Williamsburg, Va.)","Bruton Heights School\n (Williamsburg, Va.)","Charles City School (Charles\n City, Va.)","Colonial\n Williamsburg Foundation.","First Baptist Church\n (Williamsburg, Va.)","Grant's Trio (Musical\n group)","Hillside Cafe Beer\n Garden.","James Weldon Johnson School\n (Yorktown, Va.)","Mell-O-Tones (Musical\n group)","Mt. Gilead Baptist Church\n (James City County, Va.)","National Association for the\n Advancement of Colored People--Yorktown, Virginia\n Branch.","New Zion Baptist Church\n (Lightfoot, Va.)","Newport News Shipbuilding\n and Dry Dock Company.","United States (Ship :\n 1952)","United\n States. Voting Rights Act of 1965.","Yorkie's Tavern (Yorktown,\n Va.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation owns the copyright\n for all materials within this collection. Permission to\n cite from or reproduce materials in publications must be\n requested from the Visual Resources Library staff."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Purchase, 1991."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Accidents--Virginia--Williamsburg-- Photographs.","African\n American photographers--Virginia--Williamsburg.","African\n American students--Virginia-- Photographs.","African\n American\n students--Virginia--Williamsburg--Photographs.","African\n Americans--Virginia--Social life and\n customs--Photographs.","African\n Americans--Virginia--Williamsburg--Social life and\n customs--Photographs.","Crime--Virginia--Williamsburg--Photographs.","Disasters--\n Virginia--Williamsburg- -Photographs."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Accidents--Virginia--Williamsburg-- Photographs.","African\n American photographers--Virginia--Williamsburg.","African\n American students--Virginia-- Photographs.","African\n American\n students--Virginia--Williamsburg--Photographs.","African\n Americans--Virginia--Social life and\n customs--Photographs.","African\n Americans--Virginia--Williamsburg--Social life and\n customs--Photographs.","Crime--Virginia--Williamsburg--Photographs.","Disasters--\n Virginia--Williamsburg- -Photographs."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["34 boxes (14 linear ft.)"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e\n "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection has been organized into 5 series: \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSeries 1. Photoprints \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSeries 2. Negatives \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSeries 3. Slides \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSeries 4. Oversize Prints \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSeries 5. Personal Papers\u003c/p\u003e\n "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Organization"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection has been organized into 5 series: \n Series 1. Photoprints \n Series 2. Negatives \n Series 3. Slides \n Series 4. Oversize Prints \n Series 5. Personal Papers"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAlbert Wadsworth Durant was born on February 2, 1920 in New\n York City to Samuel and Bessie Durant. His mother was a native\n of Williamsburg who moved with her husband to New York and\n worked as a domestic servant for a family. After the death of\n her husband, who was originally from the West Indies, Bessie\n Durant and her children re-located to Williamsburg, Virginia\n in 1929.\u003c/p\u003e\n ","\u003cp\u003eAt age 36, Durant married Elsie Lucille Ferguson on August\n 18, 1956. They raised three sons, Albert W. Durant, Jr., Byron\n Murphy, and Roderick Ferguson and two daughters, Yvette Durant\n and Deanna Ferguson.\u003c/p\u003e\n ","\u003cp\u003eAlbert Durant ran his own chauffeuring and limousine\n business in the Williamsburg area, providing services to many\n distinguished visitors to the city, including the Queen Mother\n of England, the Prince of Japan, and various chief justices.\n He often took his customers on excursions to local historic\n sites, including Colonial Williamsburg, Jamestown, and the\n James River plantations. Through course work at the College of\n William and Mary, Durant acquired a background in American\n history which enabled him to provide historical commentary as\n he drove customers through the countryside.\u003c/p\u003e\n ","\u003cp\u003eDurant's contacts at the College of William and Mary\n sparked his initial interest in photography and once he had\n obtained equipment and training, Durant began creating his own\n historical record of the Williamsburg area. As the first city\n licensed black photographer in Williamsburg, Durant produced\n hundreds of portraits documenting the families and activities\n of African-American residents and also documented significant\n events, places, and person in and around Williamsburg.\u003c/p\u003e\n ","\u003cp\u003eIn addition, Albert Durant worked to improve the conditions\n for African-Americans in Williamsburg by serving in various\n positions in the city's government. He acted as the first\n black Justice of the Peace and Bail Commissioner in\n Williamsburg and served as the first black magistrate of the\n General District Court from his appointment in 1962 until his\n retirement in 1975.\u003c/p\u003e\n ","\u003cp\u003eAlbert Durant died at age 71 on April 14, 1991.\u003c/p\u003e\n "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical/Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Albert Wadsworth Durant was born on February 2, 1920 in New\n York City to Samuel and Bessie Durant. His mother was a native\n of Williamsburg who moved with her husband to New York and\n worked as a domestic servant for a family. After the death of\n her husband, who was originally from the West Indies, Bessie\n Durant and her children re-located to Williamsburg, Virginia\n in 1929.","At age 36, Durant married Elsie Lucille Ferguson on August\n 18, 1956. They raised three sons, Albert W. Durant, Jr., Byron\n Murphy, and Roderick Ferguson and two daughters, Yvette Durant\n and Deanna Ferguson.","Albert Durant ran his own chauffeuring and limousine\n business in the Williamsburg area, providing services to many\n distinguished visitors to the city, including the Queen Mother\n of England, the Prince of Japan, and various chief justices.\n He often took his customers on excursions to local historic\n sites, including Colonial Williamsburg, Jamestown, and the\n James River plantations. Through course work at the College of\n William and Mary, Durant acquired a background in American\n history which enabled him to provide historical commentary as\n he drove customers through the countryside.","Durant's contacts at the College of William and Mary\n sparked his initial interest in photography and once he had\n obtained equipment and training, Durant began creating his own\n historical record of the Williamsburg area. As the first city\n licensed black photographer in Williamsburg, Durant produced\n hundreds of portraits documenting the families and activities\n of African-American residents and also documented significant\n events, places, and person in and around Williamsburg.","In addition, Albert Durant worked to improve the conditions\n for African-Americans in Williamsburg by serving in various\n positions in the city's government. He acted as the first\n black Justice of the Peace and Bail Commissioner in\n Williamsburg and served as the first black magistrate of the\n General District Court from his appointment in 1962 until his\n retirement in 1975.","Albert Durant died at age 71 on April 14, 1991."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAlbert Durant Photography Collection, AV Collection\n AV-92.1, John D. Rockefeller, Jr. Library, Colonial\n Williamsburg Foundation\u003c/p\u003e\n "],"prefercite_tesim":["Albert Durant Photography Collection, AV Collection\n AV-92.1, John D. Rockefeller, Jr. Library, Colonial\n Williamsburg Foundation"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn processing this collection, an effort has been made\n to preserve the organization Durant used for his\n photographic materials. Negatives arrived in good order,\n filed in metal cabinets with index tabs identifying broad\n subject categories and individual identifications on\n negative envelopes providing more specific information.\n This arrangement is recorded in the computerized negative\n log, which was prepared by taking negatives from the\n drawers in consecutive order and entering their\n identifications into the computer.\u003c/p\u003e\n ","\u003cp\u003ePhotoprints, slides, and oversize prints arrived in\n boxes in a less discernible order. They have been sorted\n and filed according to the subject categories Durant used\n for his negatives. Framed photos were removed from their\n frames except for those which were fused to the glass. Most\n photos were also removed from acidic mats, unless the mats\n were considered to have artifactual significance. In\n instances where there more than two copies of the same\n image in a particular format, the two images in the best\n condition were selected for retention and the others were\n returned to the donor. Slides, negatives, and prints which\n were extremely deteriorated were also weeded out of the\n collection.\u003c/p\u003e\n "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["In processing this collection, an effort has been made\n to preserve the organization Durant used for his\n photographic materials. Negatives arrived in good order,\n filed in metal cabinets with index tabs identifying broad\n subject categories and individual identifications on\n negative envelopes providing more specific information.\n This arrangement is recorded in the computerized negative\n log, which was prepared by taking negatives from the\n drawers in consecutive order and entering their\n identifications into the computer.","Photoprints, slides, and oversize prints arrived in\n boxes in a less discernible order. They have been sorted\n and filed according to the subject categories Durant used\n for his negatives. Framed photos were removed from their\n frames except for those which were fused to the glass. Most\n photos were also removed from acidic mats, unless the mats\n were considered to have artifactual significance. In\n instances where there more than two copies of the same\n image in a particular format, the two images in the best\n condition were selected for retention and the others were\n returned to the donor. Slides, negatives, and prints which\n were extremely deteriorated were also weeded out of the\n collection."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Albert Durant Photography Collection encompasses\n photoprints, negatives, slides, and personal papers which\n document the photographic production of Williamsburg's first\n black city-licensed photographer, Albert Durant. In addition,\n these materials offer a visual archive of the African-American\n experience in Williamsburg between the 1930s and 1960s.\u003c/p\u003e\n ","\u003cp\u003eAfrican-American family life is documented in both formal\n and informal family portraits and portraits of infants and\n children. Family events, such as birthdays, anniversaries,\n weddings, funerals, and holiday celebrations, are also\n represented in formal group portraits and candid shots of\n events taking place.\u003c/p\u003e\n ","\u003cp\u003eThe collection provides a fascinating glimpse into\n African-American social life in Williamsburg during the 1940s\n and 1950s. Durant captures the atmosphere of local jazz and\n nite clubs through scenes of performers singing and dancing\n and audiences socializing. Many different taverns and clubs\n are represented, including Yorkie's Tavern in Lightfoot, Va.,\n the Hillside Cafe Beer Garden, and various clubs in West Point\n and Hampton. Entertainers pictured in the images include\n Grant's Trio, Mell-O-Tones, and the Atomic Swingsters. Since\n Durant occasionally took trips to New York to meet members of\n well-known blues and jazz bands, the collection also features\n a few portraits of such musicians as Count Basie.\u003c/p\u003e\n ","\u003cp\u003eDurant also acted as photographer for many African-\n American clubs and organizations. Along with taking formal\n group portraits, he documented these groups through informal\n shots of meetings, dinners, and special events. Many\n African-American women's clubs dedicated to social reform, as\n well as women's missionary circles, are documented in these\n photos. The series of club portraits also encompasses\n occupational groups, such as hairdresser's clubs and doctor's\n conventions, as well as garden clubs, musical performance\n groups, hunting and fishing clubs, and community service\n groups. Several African-American organizations dedicated to\n fighting for civil rights are also represented, including the\n Yorktown Chapter of the National Association for the\n Advancement of Corlored People.\u003c/p\u003e\n ","\u003cp\u003eAfrican-American student life during the late 1940s and\n early 1950s is also featured in this visual archive. Durant\n acted as a portrait photographer for Junior-Senior Proms at\n local black high schools and also documented the sports teams,\n marching bands, choirs, students, and faculty at Bruton\n Heights School in Williamsburg. The series of images he\n categorized as relating to \"School Affairs\" encompasses\n Homecoming parades and assemblies, football and basketball\n teams, theater productions, graduation portraits, and group\n portraits of classes, clubs, and faculty at various high\n schools. His negative identifications for this series indicate\n that he photographed students at Frederick Douglas School,\n James Weldon Johnson School in Yorktown, Charles City School,\n Bruton Heights School, Mathew Whaley School, and at various\n schools in Isle of Wight and Charles City counties.\u003c/p\u003e\n ","\u003cp\u003eVarious clubs and student organizations are featured in\n images of parades in Williamsburg and Smithfield. Among the\n parades represented are the College of William and Mary's\n Homecoming parades, a Shriner parade, and a parade celebrating\n the 250th Anniversary of Williamsburg. These photos show\n various floats prepared by such groups as the Puritan Club,\n the Junior Women's Club, the Smithfield Players, and college\n glee clubs and fraternities and sororities.\u003c/p\u003e\n ","\u003cp\u003eA popular summer recreational area for Williamsburg's\n African-Americans in the 1940s and 1950s was Log Cabin Beach.\n Durant took dozens of souvenir portraits of men, women, and\n children at this beach along James River. The collection\n includes numerous examples of these souvenir portraits, some\n of which are still in their original mats with the Log Cabin\n Beach inscription.\u003c/p\u003e\n ","\u003cp\u003eAfrican-American spiritual life is also well-documented by\n the collection. Durant photographed church groups, such as\n choirs and missionary circles, as well as individuals\n participating in rituals, at many different black churches in\n the Williamsburg area. Included in this collection are\n negatives and photoprints of members of the congregations of\n Mt. Gilead Baptist Church in Grove, Va., New Zion Baptist\n Church in Lightfoot, Va., First Baptist Church in\n Williamsburg, Va., and several other Baptist churches in the\n area. A series of photos also captures Baptist ministers\n performing full-immersion baptisms in a river.\u003c/p\u003e\n ","\u003cp\u003eOccupations, working conditions, and business opportunities\n for African-Americans in Williamsburg are also documented in\n this collection. The photos show African-Americans working in\n restaurants, beauty and barber shops, stores, offices, dry\n cleaners, and gas stations. Since he often picked up customers\n at the Williamsburg Inn and Williamsburg Lodge, Durant enjoyed\n photographing other chaffeurs and taxi drivers waiting at the\n hotels, as well as African-American porters and bell captains\n who were stationed at the entrances. African-American costumed\n interpreters at Colonial Williamsburg are also captured in\n some of his informal portraits.\u003c/p\u003e\n ","\u003cp\u003eDurant compiled a photographic record of the white\n community in Williamsburg in the 1940s, 1950s, and 1960s as he\n fulfilled commissions for wedding pictures, school portraits,\n businesses, nightclubs, organizations, and special events.\n Since he chauffered many distinguished visitors around\n Williamsburg, Durant had opportunities to capture the visits\n of such heads of state as Queen Elizabeth of Great Britain and\n the Prince of Japan. In addition, Durant photographed various\n members of John D. Rockefeller, Jr.'s family at Bassett Hall\n and at various sites around the Historic Area.\u003c/p\u003e\n ","\u003cp\u003eColonial Williamsburg's buildings, employees, and programs\n are also featured in many photos. As part of his photography\n business, Durant prepared Christmas photo cards with snow\n scenes of the Historic Area. In addition, he took a series of\n color slides which document the filming of \n \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"doublequote\" href=\"\"\u003eThe Story of a Patriot,\u003c/title\u003e\"\n the official orientation film still in use at Colonial\n Williamsburg's Visitor's Center. Durant also took many posed\n portraits of both white and African-American costumed\n interpreters who worked in the Historic Area.\u003c/p\u003e\n ","\u003cp\u003eCrime, accidents, and disasters in Williamsburg were also\n recorded on film by Durant, who appers to have provided\n photographic services to the Police Department. A series of\n photos provides a graphic visual record of a fire at the Brick\n House Tavern in the Historic Area. Durant also recorded\n automobile accidents and police investigations.\u003c/p\u003e\n ","\u003cp\u003eOther local events commemorated in Durant's photos include\n the trial run of the S.S. United States, a ship built by the\n Newport News Shipyard and Drydock Co. (now known as Newport\n News Shipbuilding.) This series of photos documents staff on\n board the ship, as well as the interiors of various rooms and\n the exterior of the ship. Durant also compiled photographic\n documentation of the groundbreaking for the Anheuser-Busch\n plant and of the Bicentennial at Yorktown in 1976.\u003c/p\u003e\n ","\u003cp\u003eAlthough this collection provides little documentation of\n Durant's personal life, it does include one box of personal\n papers relating to Durant's limousine business and to his\n activities as a member of the city government. Some of these\n papers were removed for preservation purposes from a scrapbook\n and are retained in their original order in a folder. They\n include certificates, correspondence, news clippings, and\n photos documenting Durant's activities as a magistrate, notary\n public, and chauffeur. Durant's concern about equal\n opportunities for African-Americans is reflected in news\n clippings about housing discrimination, as well as a letter\n from President Johnson's secretary personally thanking Durant\n for his comments on the Voting Rights Act of 1965. The\n scrapbook materials also include several letters from\n satisfied customers who enjoyed Durant's driving and\n historical commentary.\u003c/p\u003e\n "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content Information"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Albert Durant Photography Collection encompasses\n photoprints, negatives, slides, and personal papers which\n document the photographic production of Williamsburg's first\n black city-licensed photographer, Albert Durant. In addition,\n these materials offer a visual archive of the African-American\n experience in Williamsburg between the 1930s and 1960s.","African-American family life is documented in both formal\n and informal family portraits and portraits of infants and\n children. Family events, such as birthdays, anniversaries,\n weddings, funerals, and holiday celebrations, are also\n represented in formal group portraits and candid shots of\n events taking place.","The collection provides a fascinating glimpse into\n African-American social life in Williamsburg during the 1940s\n and 1950s. Durant captures the atmosphere of local jazz and\n nite clubs through scenes of performers singing and dancing\n and audiences socializing. Many different taverns and clubs\n are represented, including Yorkie's Tavern in Lightfoot, Va.,\n the Hillside Cafe Beer Garden, and various clubs in West Point\n and Hampton. Entertainers pictured in the images include\n Grant's Trio, Mell-O-Tones, and the Atomic Swingsters. Since\n Durant occasionally took trips to New York to meet members of\n well-known blues and jazz bands, the collection also features\n a few portraits of such musicians as Count Basie.","Durant also acted as photographer for many African-\n American clubs and organizations. Along with taking formal\n group portraits, he documented these groups through informal\n shots of meetings, dinners, and special events. Many\n African-American women's clubs dedicated to social reform, as\n well as women's missionary circles, are documented in these\n photos. The series of club portraits also encompasses\n occupational groups, such as hairdresser's clubs and doctor's\n conventions, as well as garden clubs, musical performance\n groups, hunting and fishing clubs, and community service\n groups. Several African-American organizations dedicated to\n fighting for civil rights are also represented, including the\n Yorktown Chapter of the National Association for the\n Advancement of Corlored People.","African-American student life during the late 1940s and\n early 1950s is also featured in this visual archive. Durant\n acted as a portrait photographer for Junior-Senior Proms at\n local black high schools and also documented the sports teams,\n marching bands, choirs, students, and faculty at Bruton\n Heights School in Williamsburg. The series of images he\n categorized as relating to \"School Affairs\" encompasses\n Homecoming parades and assemblies, football and basketball\n teams, theater productions, graduation portraits, and group\n portraits of classes, clubs, and faculty at various high\n schools. His negative identifications for this series indicate\n that he photographed students at Frederick Douglas School,\n James Weldon Johnson School in Yorktown, Charles City School,\n Bruton Heights School, Mathew Whaley School, and at various\n schools in Isle of Wight and Charles City counties.","Various clubs and student organizations are featured in\n images of parades in Williamsburg and Smithfield. Among the\n parades represented are the College of William and Mary's\n Homecoming parades, a Shriner parade, and a parade celebrating\n the 250th Anniversary of Williamsburg. These photos show\n various floats prepared by such groups as the Puritan Club,\n the Junior Women's Club, the Smithfield Players, and college\n glee clubs and fraternities and sororities.","A popular summer recreational area for Williamsburg's\n African-Americans in the 1940s and 1950s was Log Cabin Beach.\n Durant took dozens of souvenir portraits of men, women, and\n children at this beach along James River. The collection\n includes numerous examples of these souvenir portraits, some\n of which are still in their original mats with the Log Cabin\n Beach inscription.","African-American spiritual life is also well-documented by\n the collection. Durant photographed church groups, such as\n choirs and missionary circles, as well as individuals\n participating in rituals, at many different black churches in\n the Williamsburg area. Included in this collection are\n negatives and photoprints of members of the congregations of\n Mt. Gilead Baptist Church in Grove, Va., New Zion Baptist\n Church in Lightfoot, Va., First Baptist Church in\n Williamsburg, Va., and several other Baptist churches in the\n area. A series of photos also captures Baptist ministers\n performing full-immersion baptisms in a river.","Occupations, working conditions, and business opportunities\n for African-Americans in Williamsburg are also documented in\n this collection. The photos show African-Americans working in\n restaurants, beauty and barber shops, stores, offices, dry\n cleaners, and gas stations. Since he often picked up customers\n at the Williamsburg Inn and Williamsburg Lodge, Durant enjoyed\n photographing other chaffeurs and taxi drivers waiting at the\n hotels, as well as African-American porters and bell captains\n who were stationed at the entrances. African-American costumed\n interpreters at Colonial Williamsburg are also captured in\n some of his informal portraits.","Durant compiled a photographic record of the white\n community in Williamsburg in the 1940s, 1950s, and 1960s as he\n fulfilled commissions for wedding pictures, school portraits,\n businesses, nightclubs, organizations, and special events.\n Since he chauffered many distinguished visitors around\n Williamsburg, Durant had opportunities to capture the visits\n of such heads of state as Queen Elizabeth of Great Britain and\n the Prince of Japan. In addition, Durant photographed various\n members of John D. Rockefeller, Jr.'s family at Bassett Hall\n and at various sites around the Historic Area.","Colonial Williamsburg's buildings, employees, and programs\n are also featured in many photos. As part of his photography\n business, Durant prepared Christmas photo cards with snow\n scenes of the Historic Area. In addition, he took a series of\n color slides which document the filming of \n The Story of a Patriot,\"\n the official orientation film still in use at Colonial\n Williamsburg's Visitor's Center. Durant also took many posed\n portraits of both white and African-American costumed\n interpreters who worked in the Historic Area.","Crime, accidents, and disasters in Williamsburg were also\n recorded on film by Durant, who appers to have provided\n photographic services to the Police Department. A series of\n photos provides a graphic visual record of a fire at the Brick\n House Tavern in the Historic Area. Durant also recorded\n automobile accidents and police investigations.","Other local events commemorated in Durant's photos include\n the trial run of the S.S. United States, a ship built by the\n Newport News Shipyard and Drydock Co. (now known as Newport\n News Shipbuilding.) This series of photos documents staff on\n board the ship, as well as the interiors of various rooms and\n the exterior of the ship. Durant also compiled photographic\n documentation of the groundbreaking for the Anheuser-Busch\n plant and of the Bicentennial at Yorktown in 1976.","Although this collection provides little documentation of\n Durant's personal life, it does include one box of personal\n papers relating to Durant's limousine business and to his\n activities as a member of the city government. Some of these\n papers were removed for preservation purposes from a scrapbook\n and are retained in their original order in a folder. They\n include certificates, correspondence, news clippings, and\n photos documenting Durant's activities as a magistrate, notary\n public, and chauffeur. Durant's concern about equal\n opportunities for African-Americans is reflected in news\n clippings about housing discrimination, as well as a letter\n from President Johnson's secretary personally thanking Durant\n for his comments on the Voting Rights Act of 1965. The\n scrapbook materials also include several letters from\n satisfied customers who enjoyed Durant's driving and\n historical commentary."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Colonial Williamsburg Foundation owns the copyright\n for all materials within this collection. Permission to\n cite from or reproduce materials in publications must be\n requested from the Visual Resources Library staff.\u003c/p\u003e\n "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Publication Rights/ Restrictions on Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation owns the copyright\n for all materials within this collection. Permission to\n cite from or reproduce materials in publications must be\n requested from the Visual Resources Library staff."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract label=\"Abstract\"\u003eCollections consists of the\n photographs of Albert Durant, chauffer, entrepreneur, and\n photographer of Williamsburg, Va. Photos chiefly depict the\n social, religious, and economic activities of African-\n Americans in Williamsburg and the surrounding area from the\n 1930s through the 1960s.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n "],"abstract_tesim":["Collections consists of the\n photographs of Albert Durant, chauffer, entrepreneur, and\n photographer of Williamsburg, Va. Photos chiefly depict the\n social, religious, and economic activities of African-\n Americans in Williamsburg and the surrounding area from the\n 1930s through the 1960s."],"corpname_ssim":["Atomic Swingsters (Musical\n group)","Brick House Tavern\n (Williamsburg, Va.)","Bruton Heights School\n (Williamsburg, Va.)","Charles City School (Charles\n City, Va.)","Colonial\n Williamsburg Foundation.","First Baptist Church\n (Williamsburg, Va.)","Grant's Trio (Musical\n group)","Hillside Cafe Beer\n Garden.","James Weldon Johnson School\n (Yorktown, Va.)","Mell-O-Tones (Musical\n group)","Mt. Gilead Baptist Church\n (James City County, Va.)","National Association for the\n Advancement of Colored People--Yorktown, Virginia\n Branch.","New Zion Baptist Church\n (Lightfoot, Va.)","Newport News Shipbuilding\n and Dry Dock Company.","United States (Ship :\n 1952)","United\n States. Voting Rights Act of 1965.","Yorkie's Tavern (Yorktown,\n Va.)"],"persname_ssim":["Albert Durant.","Basie, Count,\n 1904-","Elizabeth,\n II, Queen of Great Britain, 1926-","Durant, Albert Wadsworth,\n 1920-1991."],"names_ssim":["Atomic Swingsters (Musical\n group)","Brick House Tavern\n (Williamsburg, Va.)","Bruton Heights School\n (Williamsburg, Va.)","Charles City School (Charles\n City, Va.)","Colonial\n Williamsburg Foundation.","First Baptist Church\n (Williamsburg, Va.)","Grant's Trio (Musical\n group)","Hillside Cafe Beer\n Garden.","James Weldon Johnson School\n (Yorktown, Va.)","Mell-O-Tones (Musical\n group)","Mt. Gilead Baptist Church\n (James City County, Va.)","National Association for the\n Advancement of Colored People--Yorktown, Virginia\n Branch.","New Zion Baptist Church\n (Lightfoot, Va.)","Newport News Shipbuilding\n and Dry Dock Company.","United States (Ship :\n 1952)","United\n States. Voting Rights Act of 1965.","Yorkie's Tavern (Yorktown,\n Va.)","Albert Durant.","Basie, Count,\n 1904-","Elizabeth,\n II, Queen of Great Britain, 1926-","Durant, Albert Wadsworth,\n 1920-1991."],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":187,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T23:07:11.343Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viwc_viwc00100_c01_c18"}},{"id":"viwc_viwc00100_c01_c19","type":"Sub-Series","attributes":{"title":"Sub-series 03: Autos.","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viwc_viwc00100_c01_c19#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eContains black and white photos of individuals posing with their automobiles or driving in parades.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viwc_viwc00100_c01_c19#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viwc_viwc00100_c01_c19","ref_ssm":["viwc_viwc00100_c01_c19"],"id":"viwc_viwc00100_c01_c19","ead_ssi":"viwc_viwc00100","_root_":"viwc_viwc00100","_nest_parent_":"viwc_viwc00100_c01","parent_ssi":"viwc_viwc00100_c01","parent_ssim":["Albert Durant Photography Collection, 20th\n century.","Series I: Photoprints."],"parent_ids_ssim":["viwc_viwc00100","viwc_viwc00100_c01"],"title_filing_ssi":"Autos.","title_ssm":["Sub-series 03: Autos."],"title_tesim":["Sub-series 03: Autos."],"normalized_title_ssm":["Sub-series 03: Autos."],"text":["Sub-series 03: Autos.","Albert Durant Photography Collection, 20th\n century.","Series I: Photoprints.","1 folder.","Box-folder 13:3","Contains black and white photos of individuals\n posing with their automobiles or driving in\n parades."],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Albert Durant Photography Collection, 20th\n century.","Series I: Photoprints."],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Albert Durant Photography Collection, 20th\n century.","Series I: Photoprints."],"level_ssm":["Sub-Series"],"level_ssim":["Sub-series"],"component_level_isim":[2],"sort_isi":98,"repository_ssim":["Colonial Williamsburg"],"collection_ssim":["Albert Durant Photography Collection, 20th\n century."],"physdesc_tesim":["1 folder."],"containers_ssim":["Box-folder 13:3"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["There are no restrictions."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation owns the copyright\n for all materials within this collection. Permission to\n cite from or reproduce materials in publications must be\n requested from the Visual Resources Library staff."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eContains black and white photos of individuals\n posing with their automobiles or driving in\n parades.\u003c/p\u003e\n "],"scopecontent_tesim":["Contains black and white photos of individuals\n posing with their automobiles or driving in\n parades."],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#18","timestamp":"2026-08-14T23:07:11.343Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viwc_viwc00100","ead_ssi":"viwc_viwc00100","_root_":"viwc_viwc00100","_nest_parent_":"viwc_viwc00100","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/cw/viwc00100.xml","title_ssm":["Albert Durant Photography Collection, 20th\n century."],"title_tesim":["Albert Durant Photography Collection, 20th\n century."],"normalized_title_ssm":["Albert Durant Photography Collection, 20th\n century."],"text":["Albert Durant Photography Collection, 20th\n century.","AV-92.1","Accidents--Virginia--Williamsburg-- Photographs.","African\n American photographers--Virginia--Williamsburg.","African\n American students--Virginia-- Photographs.","African\n American\n students--Virginia--Williamsburg--Photographs.","African\n Americans--Virginia--Social life and\n customs--Photographs.","African\n Americans--Virginia--Williamsburg--Social life and\n customs--Photographs.","Crime--Virginia--Williamsburg--Photographs.","Disasters--\n Virginia--Williamsburg- -Photographs.","34 boxes (14 linear ft.)","There are no restrictions.","This collection has been organized into 5 series: \n Series 1. Photoprints \n Series 2. Negatives \n Series 3. Slides \n Series 4. Oversize Prints \n Series 5. Personal Papers","Albert Wadsworth Durant was born on February 2, 1920 in New\n York City to Samuel and Bessie Durant. His mother was a native\n of Williamsburg who moved with her husband to New York and\n worked as a domestic servant for a family. After the death of\n her husband, who was originally from the West Indies, Bessie\n Durant and her children re-located to Williamsburg, Virginia\n in 1929.","At age 36, Durant married Elsie Lucille Ferguson on August\n 18, 1956. They raised three sons, Albert W. Durant, Jr., Byron\n Murphy, and Roderick Ferguson and two daughters, Yvette Durant\n and Deanna Ferguson.","Albert Durant ran his own chauffeuring and limousine\n business in the Williamsburg area, providing services to many\n distinguished visitors to the city, including the Queen Mother\n of England, the Prince of Japan, and various chief justices.\n He often took his customers on excursions to local historic\n sites, including Colonial Williamsburg, Jamestown, and the\n James River plantations. Through course work at the College of\n William and Mary, Durant acquired a background in American\n history which enabled him to provide historical commentary as\n he drove customers through the countryside.","Durant's contacts at the College of William and Mary\n sparked his initial interest in photography and once he had\n obtained equipment and training, Durant began creating his own\n historical record of the Williamsburg area. As the first city\n licensed black photographer in Williamsburg, Durant produced\n hundreds of portraits documenting the families and activities\n of African-American residents and also documented significant\n events, places, and person in and around Williamsburg.","In addition, Albert Durant worked to improve the conditions\n for African-Americans in Williamsburg by serving in various\n positions in the city's government. He acted as the first\n black Justice of the Peace and Bail Commissioner in\n Williamsburg and served as the first black magistrate of the\n General District Court from his appointment in 1962 until his\n retirement in 1975.","Albert Durant died at age 71 on April 14, 1991.","In processing this collection, an effort has been made\n to preserve the organization Durant used for his\n photographic materials. Negatives arrived in good order,\n filed in metal cabinets with index tabs identifying broad\n subject categories and individual identifications on\n negative envelopes providing more specific information.\n This arrangement is recorded in the computerized negative\n log, which was prepared by taking negatives from the\n drawers in consecutive order and entering their\n identifications into the computer.","Photoprints, slides, and oversize prints arrived in\n boxes in a less discernible order. They have been sorted\n and filed according to the subject categories Durant used\n for his negatives. Framed photos were removed from their\n frames except for those which were fused to the glass. Most\n photos were also removed from acidic mats, unless the mats\n were considered to have artifactual significance. In\n instances where there more than two copies of the same\n image in a particular format, the two images in the best\n condition were selected for retention and the others were\n returned to the donor. Slides, negatives, and prints which\n were extremely deteriorated were also weeded out of the\n collection.","The Albert Durant Photography Collection encompasses\n photoprints, negatives, slides, and personal papers which\n document the photographic production of Williamsburg's first\n black city-licensed photographer, Albert Durant. In addition,\n these materials offer a visual archive of the African-American\n experience in Williamsburg between the 1930s and 1960s.","African-American family life is documented in both formal\n and informal family portraits and portraits of infants and\n children. Family events, such as birthdays, anniversaries,\n weddings, funerals, and holiday celebrations, are also\n represented in formal group portraits and candid shots of\n events taking place.","The collection provides a fascinating glimpse into\n African-American social life in Williamsburg during the 1940s\n and 1950s. Durant captures the atmosphere of local jazz and\n nite clubs through scenes of performers singing and dancing\n and audiences socializing. Many different taverns and clubs\n are represented, including Yorkie's Tavern in Lightfoot, Va.,\n the Hillside Cafe Beer Garden, and various clubs in West Point\n and Hampton. Entertainers pictured in the images include\n Grant's Trio, Mell-O-Tones, and the Atomic Swingsters. Since\n Durant occasionally took trips to New York to meet members of\n well-known blues and jazz bands, the collection also features\n a few portraits of such musicians as Count Basie.","Durant also acted as photographer for many African-\n American clubs and organizations. Along with taking formal\n group portraits, he documented these groups through informal\n shots of meetings, dinners, and special events. Many\n African-American women's clubs dedicated to social reform, as\n well as women's missionary circles, are documented in these\n photos. The series of club portraits also encompasses\n occupational groups, such as hairdresser's clubs and doctor's\n conventions, as well as garden clubs, musical performance\n groups, hunting and fishing clubs, and community service\n groups. Several African-American organizations dedicated to\n fighting for civil rights are also represented, including the\n Yorktown Chapter of the National Association for the\n Advancement of Corlored People.","African-American student life during the late 1940s and\n early 1950s is also featured in this visual archive. Durant\n acted as a portrait photographer for Junior-Senior Proms at\n local black high schools and also documented the sports teams,\n marching bands, choirs, students, and faculty at Bruton\n Heights School in Williamsburg. The series of images he\n categorized as relating to \"School Affairs\" encompasses\n Homecoming parades and assemblies, football and basketball\n teams, theater productions, graduation portraits, and group\n portraits of classes, clubs, and faculty at various high\n schools. His negative identifications for this series indicate\n that he photographed students at Frederick Douglas School,\n James Weldon Johnson School in Yorktown, Charles City School,\n Bruton Heights School, Mathew Whaley School, and at various\n schools in Isle of Wight and Charles City counties.","Various clubs and student organizations are featured in\n images of parades in Williamsburg and Smithfield. Among the\n parades represented are the College of William and Mary's\n Homecoming parades, a Shriner parade, and a parade celebrating\n the 250th Anniversary of Williamsburg. These photos show\n various floats prepared by such groups as the Puritan Club,\n the Junior Women's Club, the Smithfield Players, and college\n glee clubs and fraternities and sororities.","A popular summer recreational area for Williamsburg's\n African-Americans in the 1940s and 1950s was Log Cabin Beach.\n Durant took dozens of souvenir portraits of men, women, and\n children at this beach along James River. The collection\n includes numerous examples of these souvenir portraits, some\n of which are still in their original mats with the Log Cabin\n Beach inscription.","African-American spiritual life is also well-documented by\n the collection. Durant photographed church groups, such as\n choirs and missionary circles, as well as individuals\n participating in rituals, at many different black churches in\n the Williamsburg area. Included in this collection are\n negatives and photoprints of members of the congregations of\n Mt. Gilead Baptist Church in Grove, Va., New Zion Baptist\n Church in Lightfoot, Va., First Baptist Church in\n Williamsburg, Va., and several other Baptist churches in the\n area. A series of photos also captures Baptist ministers\n performing full-immersion baptisms in a river.","Occupations, working conditions, and business opportunities\n for African-Americans in Williamsburg are also documented in\n this collection. The photos show African-Americans working in\n restaurants, beauty and barber shops, stores, offices, dry\n cleaners, and gas stations. Since he often picked up customers\n at the Williamsburg Inn and Williamsburg Lodge, Durant enjoyed\n photographing other chaffeurs and taxi drivers waiting at the\n hotels, as well as African-American porters and bell captains\n who were stationed at the entrances. African-American costumed\n interpreters at Colonial Williamsburg are also captured in\n some of his informal portraits.","Durant compiled a photographic record of the white\n community in Williamsburg in the 1940s, 1950s, and 1960s as he\n fulfilled commissions for wedding pictures, school portraits,\n businesses, nightclubs, organizations, and special events.\n Since he chauffered many distinguished visitors around\n Williamsburg, Durant had opportunities to capture the visits\n of such heads of state as Queen Elizabeth of Great Britain and\n the Prince of Japan. In addition, Durant photographed various\n members of John D. Rockefeller, Jr.'s family at Bassett Hall\n and at various sites around the Historic Area.","Colonial Williamsburg's buildings, employees, and programs\n are also featured in many photos. As part of his photography\n business, Durant prepared Christmas photo cards with snow\n scenes of the Historic Area. In addition, he took a series of\n color slides which document the filming of \n The Story of a Patriot,\"\n the official orientation film still in use at Colonial\n Williamsburg's Visitor's Center. Durant also took many posed\n portraits of both white and African-American costumed\n interpreters who worked in the Historic Area.","Crime, accidents, and disasters in Williamsburg were also\n recorded on film by Durant, who appers to have provided\n photographic services to the Police Department. A series of\n photos provides a graphic visual record of a fire at the Brick\n House Tavern in the Historic Area. Durant also recorded\n automobile accidents and police investigations.","Other local events commemorated in Durant's photos include\n the trial run of the S.S. United States, a ship built by the\n Newport News Shipyard and Drydock Co. (now known as Newport\n News Shipbuilding.) This series of photos documents staff on\n board the ship, as well as the interiors of various rooms and\n the exterior of the ship. Durant also compiled photographic\n documentation of the groundbreaking for the Anheuser-Busch\n plant and of the Bicentennial at Yorktown in 1976.","Although this collection provides little documentation of\n Durant's personal life, it does include one box of personal\n papers relating to Durant's limousine business and to his\n activities as a member of the city government. Some of these\n papers were removed for preservation purposes from a scrapbook\n and are retained in their original order in a folder. They\n include certificates, correspondence, news clippings, and\n photos documenting Durant's activities as a magistrate, notary\n public, and chauffeur. Durant's concern about equal\n opportunities for African-Americans is reflected in news\n clippings about housing discrimination, as well as a letter\n from President Johnson's secretary personally thanking Durant\n for his comments on the Voting Rights Act of 1965. The\n scrapbook materials also include several letters from\n satisfied customers who enjoyed Durant's driving and\n historical commentary.","The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation owns the copyright\n for all materials within this collection. Permission to\n cite from or reproduce materials in publications must be\n requested from the Visual Resources Library staff.","Collections consists of the\n photographs of Albert Durant, chauffer, entrepreneur, and\n photographer of Williamsburg, Va. Photos chiefly depict the\n social, religious, and economic activities of African-\n Americans in Williamsburg and the surrounding area from the\n 1930s through the 1960s.","Atomic Swingsters (Musical\n group)","Brick House Tavern\n (Williamsburg, Va.)","Bruton Heights School\n (Williamsburg, Va.)","Charles City School (Charles\n City, Va.)","Colonial\n Williamsburg Foundation.","First Baptist Church\n (Williamsburg, Va.)","Grant's Trio (Musical\n group)","Hillside Cafe Beer\n Garden.","James Weldon Johnson School\n (Yorktown, Va.)","Mell-O-Tones (Musical\n group)","Mt. Gilead Baptist Church\n (James City County, Va.)","National Association for the\n Advancement of Colored People--Yorktown, Virginia\n Branch.","New Zion Baptist Church\n (Lightfoot, Va.)","Newport News Shipbuilding\n and Dry Dock Company.","United States (Ship :\n 1952)","United\n States. Voting Rights Act of 1965.","Yorkie's Tavern (Yorktown,\n Va.)","Albert Durant.","Basie, Count,\n 1904-","Elizabeth,\n II, Queen of Great Britain, 1926-","Durant, Albert Wadsworth,\n 1920-1991.","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Albert Durant Photography Collection, 20th\n century."],"collection_ssim":["Albert Durant Photography Collection, 20th\n century."],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["AV-92.1"],"unitid_tesim":["AV-92.1"],"repository_ssm":["Colonial Williamsburg"],"repository_ssim":["Colonial Williamsburg"],"creator_ssm":["Albert Durant."],"creator_ssim":["Albert Durant."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Albert Durant.","Basie, Count,\n 1904-","Elizabeth,\n II, Queen of Great Britain, 1926-","Durant, Albert Wadsworth,\n 1920-1991."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Atomic Swingsters (Musical\n group)","Brick House Tavern\n (Williamsburg, Va.)","Bruton Heights School\n (Williamsburg, Va.)","Charles City School (Charles\n City, Va.)","Colonial\n Williamsburg Foundation.","First Baptist Church\n (Williamsburg, Va.)","Grant's Trio (Musical\n group)","Hillside Cafe Beer\n Garden.","James Weldon Johnson School\n (Yorktown, Va.)","Mell-O-Tones (Musical\n group)","Mt. Gilead Baptist Church\n (James City County, Va.)","National Association for the\n Advancement of Colored People--Yorktown, Virginia\n Branch.","New Zion Baptist Church\n (Lightfoot, Va.)","Newport News Shipbuilding\n and Dry Dock Company.","United States (Ship :\n 1952)","United\n States. Voting Rights Act of 1965.","Yorkie's Tavern (Yorktown,\n Va.)"],"creators_ssim":["Albert Durant.","Basie, Count,\n 1904-","Elizabeth,\n II, Queen of Great Britain, 1926-","Durant, Albert Wadsworth,\n 1920-1991.","Atomic Swingsters (Musical\n group)","Brick House Tavern\n (Williamsburg, Va.)","Bruton Heights School\n (Williamsburg, Va.)","Charles City School (Charles\n City, Va.)","Colonial\n Williamsburg Foundation.","First Baptist Church\n (Williamsburg, Va.)","Grant's Trio (Musical\n group)","Hillside Cafe Beer\n Garden.","James Weldon Johnson School\n (Yorktown, Va.)","Mell-O-Tones (Musical\n group)","Mt. Gilead Baptist Church\n (James City County, Va.)","National Association for the\n Advancement of Colored People--Yorktown, Virginia\n Branch.","New Zion Baptist Church\n (Lightfoot, Va.)","Newport News Shipbuilding\n and Dry Dock Company.","United States (Ship :\n 1952)","United\n States. Voting Rights Act of 1965.","Yorkie's Tavern (Yorktown,\n Va.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation owns the copyright\n for all materials within this collection. Permission to\n cite from or reproduce materials in publications must be\n requested from the Visual Resources Library staff."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Purchase, 1991."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Accidents--Virginia--Williamsburg-- Photographs.","African\n American photographers--Virginia--Williamsburg.","African\n American students--Virginia-- Photographs.","African\n American\n students--Virginia--Williamsburg--Photographs.","African\n Americans--Virginia--Social life and\n customs--Photographs.","African\n Americans--Virginia--Williamsburg--Social life and\n customs--Photographs.","Crime--Virginia--Williamsburg--Photographs.","Disasters--\n Virginia--Williamsburg- -Photographs."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Accidents--Virginia--Williamsburg-- Photographs.","African\n American photographers--Virginia--Williamsburg.","African\n American students--Virginia-- Photographs.","African\n American\n students--Virginia--Williamsburg--Photographs.","African\n Americans--Virginia--Social life and\n customs--Photographs.","African\n Americans--Virginia--Williamsburg--Social life and\n customs--Photographs.","Crime--Virginia--Williamsburg--Photographs.","Disasters--\n Virginia--Williamsburg- -Photographs."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["34 boxes (14 linear ft.)"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e\n "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection has been organized into 5 series: \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSeries 1. Photoprints \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSeries 2. Negatives \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSeries 3. Slides \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSeries 4. Oversize Prints \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSeries 5. Personal Papers\u003c/p\u003e\n "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Organization"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection has been organized into 5 series: \n Series 1. Photoprints \n Series 2. Negatives \n Series 3. Slides \n Series 4. Oversize Prints \n Series 5. Personal Papers"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAlbert Wadsworth Durant was born on February 2, 1920 in New\n York City to Samuel and Bessie Durant. His mother was a native\n of Williamsburg who moved with her husband to New York and\n worked as a domestic servant for a family. After the death of\n her husband, who was originally from the West Indies, Bessie\n Durant and her children re-located to Williamsburg, Virginia\n in 1929.\u003c/p\u003e\n ","\u003cp\u003eAt age 36, Durant married Elsie Lucille Ferguson on August\n 18, 1956. They raised three sons, Albert W. Durant, Jr., Byron\n Murphy, and Roderick Ferguson and two daughters, Yvette Durant\n and Deanna Ferguson.\u003c/p\u003e\n ","\u003cp\u003eAlbert Durant ran his own chauffeuring and limousine\n business in the Williamsburg area, providing services to many\n distinguished visitors to the city, including the Queen Mother\n of England, the Prince of Japan, and various chief justices.\n He often took his customers on excursions to local historic\n sites, including Colonial Williamsburg, Jamestown, and the\n James River plantations. Through course work at the College of\n William and Mary, Durant acquired a background in American\n history which enabled him to provide historical commentary as\n he drove customers through the countryside.\u003c/p\u003e\n ","\u003cp\u003eDurant's contacts at the College of William and Mary\n sparked his initial interest in photography and once he had\n obtained equipment and training, Durant began creating his own\n historical record of the Williamsburg area. As the first city\n licensed black photographer in Williamsburg, Durant produced\n hundreds of portraits documenting the families and activities\n of African-American residents and also documented significant\n events, places, and person in and around Williamsburg.\u003c/p\u003e\n ","\u003cp\u003eIn addition, Albert Durant worked to improve the conditions\n for African-Americans in Williamsburg by serving in various\n positions in the city's government. He acted as the first\n black Justice of the Peace and Bail Commissioner in\n Williamsburg and served as the first black magistrate of the\n General District Court from his appointment in 1962 until his\n retirement in 1975.\u003c/p\u003e\n ","\u003cp\u003eAlbert Durant died at age 71 on April 14, 1991.\u003c/p\u003e\n "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical/Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Albert Wadsworth Durant was born on February 2, 1920 in New\n York City to Samuel and Bessie Durant. His mother was a native\n of Williamsburg who moved with her husband to New York and\n worked as a domestic servant for a family. After the death of\n her husband, who was originally from the West Indies, Bessie\n Durant and her children re-located to Williamsburg, Virginia\n in 1929.","At age 36, Durant married Elsie Lucille Ferguson on August\n 18, 1956. They raised three sons, Albert W. Durant, Jr., Byron\n Murphy, and Roderick Ferguson and two daughters, Yvette Durant\n and Deanna Ferguson.","Albert Durant ran his own chauffeuring and limousine\n business in the Williamsburg area, providing services to many\n distinguished visitors to the city, including the Queen Mother\n of England, the Prince of Japan, and various chief justices.\n He often took his customers on excursions to local historic\n sites, including Colonial Williamsburg, Jamestown, and the\n James River plantations. Through course work at the College of\n William and Mary, Durant acquired a background in American\n history which enabled him to provide historical commentary as\n he drove customers through the countryside.","Durant's contacts at the College of William and Mary\n sparked his initial interest in photography and once he had\n obtained equipment and training, Durant began creating his own\n historical record of the Williamsburg area. As the first city\n licensed black photographer in Williamsburg, Durant produced\n hundreds of portraits documenting the families and activities\n of African-American residents and also documented significant\n events, places, and person in and around Williamsburg.","In addition, Albert Durant worked to improve the conditions\n for African-Americans in Williamsburg by serving in various\n positions in the city's government. He acted as the first\n black Justice of the Peace and Bail Commissioner in\n Williamsburg and served as the first black magistrate of the\n General District Court from his appointment in 1962 until his\n retirement in 1975.","Albert Durant died at age 71 on April 14, 1991."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAlbert Durant Photography Collection, AV Collection\n AV-92.1, John D. Rockefeller, Jr. Library, Colonial\n Williamsburg Foundation\u003c/p\u003e\n "],"prefercite_tesim":["Albert Durant Photography Collection, AV Collection\n AV-92.1, John D. Rockefeller, Jr. Library, Colonial\n Williamsburg Foundation"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn processing this collection, an effort has been made\n to preserve the organization Durant used for his\n photographic materials. Negatives arrived in good order,\n filed in metal cabinets with index tabs identifying broad\n subject categories and individual identifications on\n negative envelopes providing more specific information.\n This arrangement is recorded in the computerized negative\n log, which was prepared by taking negatives from the\n drawers in consecutive order and entering their\n identifications into the computer.\u003c/p\u003e\n ","\u003cp\u003ePhotoprints, slides, and oversize prints arrived in\n boxes in a less discernible order. They have been sorted\n and filed according to the subject categories Durant used\n for his negatives. Framed photos were removed from their\n frames except for those which were fused to the glass. Most\n photos were also removed from acidic mats, unless the mats\n were considered to have artifactual significance. In\n instances where there more than two copies of the same\n image in a particular format, the two images in the best\n condition were selected for retention and the others were\n returned to the donor. Slides, negatives, and prints which\n were extremely deteriorated were also weeded out of the\n collection.\u003c/p\u003e\n "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["In processing this collection, an effort has been made\n to preserve the organization Durant used for his\n photographic materials. Negatives arrived in good order,\n filed in metal cabinets with index tabs identifying broad\n subject categories and individual identifications on\n negative envelopes providing more specific information.\n This arrangement is recorded in the computerized negative\n log, which was prepared by taking negatives from the\n drawers in consecutive order and entering their\n identifications into the computer.","Photoprints, slides, and oversize prints arrived in\n boxes in a less discernible order. They have been sorted\n and filed according to the subject categories Durant used\n for his negatives. Framed photos were removed from their\n frames except for those which were fused to the glass. Most\n photos were also removed from acidic mats, unless the mats\n were considered to have artifactual significance. In\n instances where there more than two copies of the same\n image in a particular format, the two images in the best\n condition were selected for retention and the others were\n returned to the donor. Slides, negatives, and prints which\n were extremely deteriorated were also weeded out of the\n collection."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Albert Durant Photography Collection encompasses\n photoprints, negatives, slides, and personal papers which\n document the photographic production of Williamsburg's first\n black city-licensed photographer, Albert Durant. In addition,\n these materials offer a visual archive of the African-American\n experience in Williamsburg between the 1930s and 1960s.\u003c/p\u003e\n ","\u003cp\u003eAfrican-American family life is documented in both formal\n and informal family portraits and portraits of infants and\n children. Family events, such as birthdays, anniversaries,\n weddings, funerals, and holiday celebrations, are also\n represented in formal group portraits and candid shots of\n events taking place.\u003c/p\u003e\n ","\u003cp\u003eThe collection provides a fascinating glimpse into\n African-American social life in Williamsburg during the 1940s\n and 1950s. Durant captures the atmosphere of local jazz and\n nite clubs through scenes of performers singing and dancing\n and audiences socializing. Many different taverns and clubs\n are represented, including Yorkie's Tavern in Lightfoot, Va.,\n the Hillside Cafe Beer Garden, and various clubs in West Point\n and Hampton. Entertainers pictured in the images include\n Grant's Trio, Mell-O-Tones, and the Atomic Swingsters. Since\n Durant occasionally took trips to New York to meet members of\n well-known blues and jazz bands, the collection also features\n a few portraits of such musicians as Count Basie.\u003c/p\u003e\n ","\u003cp\u003eDurant also acted as photographer for many African-\n American clubs and organizations. Along with taking formal\n group portraits, he documented these groups through informal\n shots of meetings, dinners, and special events. Many\n African-American women's clubs dedicated to social reform, as\n well as women's missionary circles, are documented in these\n photos. The series of club portraits also encompasses\n occupational groups, such as hairdresser's clubs and doctor's\n conventions, as well as garden clubs, musical performance\n groups, hunting and fishing clubs, and community service\n groups. Several African-American organizations dedicated to\n fighting for civil rights are also represented, including the\n Yorktown Chapter of the National Association for the\n Advancement of Corlored People.\u003c/p\u003e\n ","\u003cp\u003eAfrican-American student life during the late 1940s and\n early 1950s is also featured in this visual archive. Durant\n acted as a portrait photographer for Junior-Senior Proms at\n local black high schools and also documented the sports teams,\n marching bands, choirs, students, and faculty at Bruton\n Heights School in Williamsburg. The series of images he\n categorized as relating to \"School Affairs\" encompasses\n Homecoming parades and assemblies, football and basketball\n teams, theater productions, graduation portraits, and group\n portraits of classes, clubs, and faculty at various high\n schools. His negative identifications for this series indicate\n that he photographed students at Frederick Douglas School,\n James Weldon Johnson School in Yorktown, Charles City School,\n Bruton Heights School, Mathew Whaley School, and at various\n schools in Isle of Wight and Charles City counties.\u003c/p\u003e\n ","\u003cp\u003eVarious clubs and student organizations are featured in\n images of parades in Williamsburg and Smithfield. Among the\n parades represented are the College of William and Mary's\n Homecoming parades, a Shriner parade, and a parade celebrating\n the 250th Anniversary of Williamsburg. These photos show\n various floats prepared by such groups as the Puritan Club,\n the Junior Women's Club, the Smithfield Players, and college\n glee clubs and fraternities and sororities.\u003c/p\u003e\n ","\u003cp\u003eA popular summer recreational area for Williamsburg's\n African-Americans in the 1940s and 1950s was Log Cabin Beach.\n Durant took dozens of souvenir portraits of men, women, and\n children at this beach along James River. The collection\n includes numerous examples of these souvenir portraits, some\n of which are still in their original mats with the Log Cabin\n Beach inscription.\u003c/p\u003e\n ","\u003cp\u003eAfrican-American spiritual life is also well-documented by\n the collection. Durant photographed church groups, such as\n choirs and missionary circles, as well as individuals\n participating in rituals, at many different black churches in\n the Williamsburg area. Included in this collection are\n negatives and photoprints of members of the congregations of\n Mt. Gilead Baptist Church in Grove, Va., New Zion Baptist\n Church in Lightfoot, Va., First Baptist Church in\n Williamsburg, Va., and several other Baptist churches in the\n area. A series of photos also captures Baptist ministers\n performing full-immersion baptisms in a river.\u003c/p\u003e\n ","\u003cp\u003eOccupations, working conditions, and business opportunities\n for African-Americans in Williamsburg are also documented in\n this collection. The photos show African-Americans working in\n restaurants, beauty and barber shops, stores, offices, dry\n cleaners, and gas stations. Since he often picked up customers\n at the Williamsburg Inn and Williamsburg Lodge, Durant enjoyed\n photographing other chaffeurs and taxi drivers waiting at the\n hotels, as well as African-American porters and bell captains\n who were stationed at the entrances. African-American costumed\n interpreters at Colonial Williamsburg are also captured in\n some of his informal portraits.\u003c/p\u003e\n ","\u003cp\u003eDurant compiled a photographic record of the white\n community in Williamsburg in the 1940s, 1950s, and 1960s as he\n fulfilled commissions for wedding pictures, school portraits,\n businesses, nightclubs, organizations, and special events.\n Since he chauffered many distinguished visitors around\n Williamsburg, Durant had opportunities to capture the visits\n of such heads of state as Queen Elizabeth of Great Britain and\n the Prince of Japan. In addition, Durant photographed various\n members of John D. Rockefeller, Jr.'s family at Bassett Hall\n and at various sites around the Historic Area.\u003c/p\u003e\n ","\u003cp\u003eColonial Williamsburg's buildings, employees, and programs\n are also featured in many photos. As part of his photography\n business, Durant prepared Christmas photo cards with snow\n scenes of the Historic Area. In addition, he took a series of\n color slides which document the filming of \n \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"doublequote\" href=\"\"\u003eThe Story of a Patriot,\u003c/title\u003e\"\n the official orientation film still in use at Colonial\n Williamsburg's Visitor's Center. Durant also took many posed\n portraits of both white and African-American costumed\n interpreters who worked in the Historic Area.\u003c/p\u003e\n ","\u003cp\u003eCrime, accidents, and disasters in Williamsburg were also\n recorded on film by Durant, who appers to have provided\n photographic services to the Police Department. A series of\n photos provides a graphic visual record of a fire at the Brick\n House Tavern in the Historic Area. Durant also recorded\n automobile accidents and police investigations.\u003c/p\u003e\n ","\u003cp\u003eOther local events commemorated in Durant's photos include\n the trial run of the S.S. United States, a ship built by the\n Newport News Shipyard and Drydock Co. (now known as Newport\n News Shipbuilding.) This series of photos documents staff on\n board the ship, as well as the interiors of various rooms and\n the exterior of the ship. Durant also compiled photographic\n documentation of the groundbreaking for the Anheuser-Busch\n plant and of the Bicentennial at Yorktown in 1976.\u003c/p\u003e\n ","\u003cp\u003eAlthough this collection provides little documentation of\n Durant's personal life, it does include one box of personal\n papers relating to Durant's limousine business and to his\n activities as a member of the city government. Some of these\n papers were removed for preservation purposes from a scrapbook\n and are retained in their original order in a folder. They\n include certificates, correspondence, news clippings, and\n photos documenting Durant's activities as a magistrate, notary\n public, and chauffeur. Durant's concern about equal\n opportunities for African-Americans is reflected in news\n clippings about housing discrimination, as well as a letter\n from President Johnson's secretary personally thanking Durant\n for his comments on the Voting Rights Act of 1965. The\n scrapbook materials also include several letters from\n satisfied customers who enjoyed Durant's driving and\n historical commentary.\u003c/p\u003e\n "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content Information"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Albert Durant Photography Collection encompasses\n photoprints, negatives, slides, and personal papers which\n document the photographic production of Williamsburg's first\n black city-licensed photographer, Albert Durant. In addition,\n these materials offer a visual archive of the African-American\n experience in Williamsburg between the 1930s and 1960s.","African-American family life is documented in both formal\n and informal family portraits and portraits of infants and\n children. Family events, such as birthdays, anniversaries,\n weddings, funerals, and holiday celebrations, are also\n represented in formal group portraits and candid shots of\n events taking place.","The collection provides a fascinating glimpse into\n African-American social life in Williamsburg during the 1940s\n and 1950s. Durant captures the atmosphere of local jazz and\n nite clubs through scenes of performers singing and dancing\n and audiences socializing. Many different taverns and clubs\n are represented, including Yorkie's Tavern in Lightfoot, Va.,\n the Hillside Cafe Beer Garden, and various clubs in West Point\n and Hampton. Entertainers pictured in the images include\n Grant's Trio, Mell-O-Tones, and the Atomic Swingsters. Since\n Durant occasionally took trips to New York to meet members of\n well-known blues and jazz bands, the collection also features\n a few portraits of such musicians as Count Basie.","Durant also acted as photographer for many African-\n American clubs and organizations. Along with taking formal\n group portraits, he documented these groups through informal\n shots of meetings, dinners, and special events. Many\n African-American women's clubs dedicated to social reform, as\n well as women's missionary circles, are documented in these\n photos. The series of club portraits also encompasses\n occupational groups, such as hairdresser's clubs and doctor's\n conventions, as well as garden clubs, musical performance\n groups, hunting and fishing clubs, and community service\n groups. Several African-American organizations dedicated to\n fighting for civil rights are also represented, including the\n Yorktown Chapter of the National Association for the\n Advancement of Corlored People.","African-American student life during the late 1940s and\n early 1950s is also featured in this visual archive. Durant\n acted as a portrait photographer for Junior-Senior Proms at\n local black high schools and also documented the sports teams,\n marching bands, choirs, students, and faculty at Bruton\n Heights School in Williamsburg. The series of images he\n categorized as relating to \"School Affairs\" encompasses\n Homecoming parades and assemblies, football and basketball\n teams, theater productions, graduation portraits, and group\n portraits of classes, clubs, and faculty at various high\n schools. His negative identifications for this series indicate\n that he photographed students at Frederick Douglas School,\n James Weldon Johnson School in Yorktown, Charles City School,\n Bruton Heights School, Mathew Whaley School, and at various\n schools in Isle of Wight and Charles City counties.","Various clubs and student organizations are featured in\n images of parades in Williamsburg and Smithfield. Among the\n parades represented are the College of William and Mary's\n Homecoming parades, a Shriner parade, and a parade celebrating\n the 250th Anniversary of Williamsburg. These photos show\n various floats prepared by such groups as the Puritan Club,\n the Junior Women's Club, the Smithfield Players, and college\n glee clubs and fraternities and sororities.","A popular summer recreational area for Williamsburg's\n African-Americans in the 1940s and 1950s was Log Cabin Beach.\n Durant took dozens of souvenir portraits of men, women, and\n children at this beach along James River. The collection\n includes numerous examples of these souvenir portraits, some\n of which are still in their original mats with the Log Cabin\n Beach inscription.","African-American spiritual life is also well-documented by\n the collection. Durant photographed church groups, such as\n choirs and missionary circles, as well as individuals\n participating in rituals, at many different black churches in\n the Williamsburg area. Included in this collection are\n negatives and photoprints of members of the congregations of\n Mt. Gilead Baptist Church in Grove, Va., New Zion Baptist\n Church in Lightfoot, Va., First Baptist Church in\n Williamsburg, Va., and several other Baptist churches in the\n area. A series of photos also captures Baptist ministers\n performing full-immersion baptisms in a river.","Occupations, working conditions, and business opportunities\n for African-Americans in Williamsburg are also documented in\n this collection. The photos show African-Americans working in\n restaurants, beauty and barber shops, stores, offices, dry\n cleaners, and gas stations. Since he often picked up customers\n at the Williamsburg Inn and Williamsburg Lodge, Durant enjoyed\n photographing other chaffeurs and taxi drivers waiting at the\n hotels, as well as African-American porters and bell captains\n who were stationed at the entrances. African-American costumed\n interpreters at Colonial Williamsburg are also captured in\n some of his informal portraits.","Durant compiled a photographic record of the white\n community in Williamsburg in the 1940s, 1950s, and 1960s as he\n fulfilled commissions for wedding pictures, school portraits,\n businesses, nightclubs, organizations, and special events.\n Since he chauffered many distinguished visitors around\n Williamsburg, Durant had opportunities to capture the visits\n of such heads of state as Queen Elizabeth of Great Britain and\n the Prince of Japan. In addition, Durant photographed various\n members of John D. Rockefeller, Jr.'s family at Bassett Hall\n and at various sites around the Historic Area.","Colonial Williamsburg's buildings, employees, and programs\n are also featured in many photos. As part of his photography\n business, Durant prepared Christmas photo cards with snow\n scenes of the Historic Area. In addition, he took a series of\n color slides which document the filming of \n The Story of a Patriot,\"\n the official orientation film still in use at Colonial\n Williamsburg's Visitor's Center. Durant also took many posed\n portraits of both white and African-American costumed\n interpreters who worked in the Historic Area.","Crime, accidents, and disasters in Williamsburg were also\n recorded on film by Durant, who appers to have provided\n photographic services to the Police Department. A series of\n photos provides a graphic visual record of a fire at the Brick\n House Tavern in the Historic Area. Durant also recorded\n automobile accidents and police investigations.","Other local events commemorated in Durant's photos include\n the trial run of the S.S. United States, a ship built by the\n Newport News Shipyard and Drydock Co. (now known as Newport\n News Shipbuilding.) This series of photos documents staff on\n board the ship, as well as the interiors of various rooms and\n the exterior of the ship. Durant also compiled photographic\n documentation of the groundbreaking for the Anheuser-Busch\n plant and of the Bicentennial at Yorktown in 1976.","Although this collection provides little documentation of\n Durant's personal life, it does include one box of personal\n papers relating to Durant's limousine business and to his\n activities as a member of the city government. Some of these\n papers were removed for preservation purposes from a scrapbook\n and are retained in their original order in a folder. They\n include certificates, correspondence, news clippings, and\n photos documenting Durant's activities as a magistrate, notary\n public, and chauffeur. Durant's concern about equal\n opportunities for African-Americans is reflected in news\n clippings about housing discrimination, as well as a letter\n from President Johnson's secretary personally thanking Durant\n for his comments on the Voting Rights Act of 1965. The\n scrapbook materials also include several letters from\n satisfied customers who enjoyed Durant's driving and\n historical commentary."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Colonial Williamsburg Foundation owns the copyright\n for all materials within this collection. Permission to\n cite from or reproduce materials in publications must be\n requested from the Visual Resources Library staff.\u003c/p\u003e\n "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Publication Rights/ Restrictions on Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation owns the copyright\n for all materials within this collection. Permission to\n cite from or reproduce materials in publications must be\n requested from the Visual Resources Library staff."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract label=\"Abstract\"\u003eCollections consists of the\n photographs of Albert Durant, chauffer, entrepreneur, and\n photographer of Williamsburg, Va. Photos chiefly depict the\n social, religious, and economic activities of African-\n Americans in Williamsburg and the surrounding area from the\n 1930s through the 1960s.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n "],"abstract_tesim":["Collections consists of the\n photographs of Albert Durant, chauffer, entrepreneur, and\n photographer of Williamsburg, Va. Photos chiefly depict the\n social, religious, and economic activities of African-\n Americans in Williamsburg and the surrounding area from the\n 1930s through the 1960s."],"corpname_ssim":["Atomic Swingsters (Musical\n group)","Brick House Tavern\n (Williamsburg, Va.)","Bruton Heights School\n (Williamsburg, Va.)","Charles City School (Charles\n City, Va.)","Colonial\n Williamsburg Foundation.","First Baptist Church\n (Williamsburg, Va.)","Grant's Trio (Musical\n group)","Hillside Cafe Beer\n Garden.","James Weldon Johnson School\n (Yorktown, Va.)","Mell-O-Tones (Musical\n group)","Mt. Gilead Baptist Church\n (James City County, Va.)","National Association for the\n Advancement of Colored People--Yorktown, Virginia\n Branch.","New Zion Baptist Church\n (Lightfoot, Va.)","Newport News Shipbuilding\n and Dry Dock Company.","United States (Ship :\n 1952)","United\n States. 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