{"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Series\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=James+Madison+University\u0026page=22","prev":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Series\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=James+Madison+University\u0026page=21","next":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Series\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=James+Madison+University\u0026page=23","last":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Series\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=James+Madison+University\u0026page=46"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":22,"next_page":23,"prev_page":21,"total_pages":46,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":210,"total_count":458,"first_page?":false,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_225_c01","type":"Series","attributes":{"title":"Journals, 1864/1878","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_225_c01#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_225_c01","ref_ssm":["vihart_repositories_4_resources_225_c01"],"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_225_c01","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_225","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_225","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_225","parent_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_225","parent_ssim":["Bettie Hiter Willis Papers, 1864/1942"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vihart_repositories_4_resources_225"],"title_filing_ssi":"Journals","title_ssm":["Journals"],"title_tesim":["Journals"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Journals, 1864/1878"],"text":["Journals, 1864/1878","Bettie Hiter Willis Papers, 1864/1942"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Bettie Hiter Willis Papers, 1864/1942"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Bettie Hiter Willis Papers, 1864/1942"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1864/1878"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1864-1874, undated"],"level_ssm":["Series"],"level_ssim":["Series"],"component_level_isim":[1],"sort_isi":1,"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"collection_ssim":["Bettie Hiter Willis Papers, 1864/1942"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":3,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk. (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"date_range_isim":[1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878],"_nest_path_":"/components#0","timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:57:12.722Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_225","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_225","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_225","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_225","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_225.xml","title_ssm":["Bettie Hiter Willis Papers"],"title_tesim":["Bettie Hiter Willis Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1864-1942"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1864-1942"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1864/1942"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Bettie Hiter Willis Papers, 1864/1942"],"text":["Bettie Hiter Willis Papers, 1864/1942","SC 0224","/repositories/4/resources/225","Virginia -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Virginia -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Personal narratives","Virginia -- History, Local","North American women's letters and diaries","Postcards -- United States -- 20th century","Letters (correspondence)","Diaries","Postcards","Poetry","Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","The material is arranged into two series:","Journals, 1864-1874, undated, is comprised of scanned excerpts of journals written by Bettie Hiter Willis, and further arranged by date. The scanned documents are accessible as 3 pdfs.\n      Correspondence, 1867-1942, undated, is comprised of scanned letters, a postcard and a poem, and further arranged by date. The scanned documents are accessible as 39 pdfs.","This collection contains digital images of the correspondence and diaries of Bettie Hiter Willis, including journals from 1864-1865 and 1878-1879. She writes about her experiences with the Civil War as well as personal relations. She lived in the Culpepper, VA, and for a short period in the Shenandoah Valley, and wrote about local deaths in the War as well as her own personal take on Abraham Lincoln's assassination. The collection begins at age 13, in 1864, and continues with her children's correspondence until 1942.","MaryMay Angelil is the great-granddaughter of Bettie Hiter Willis. The letters have been in the family's possession since the Civil War.","The pages were flattened and then scanned on an Epson 10000 XL scanner at 600 dpi. The scans have been separated into the original journal segments and letters. The collection was kept in the original order for scanning. The scans were created as TIF files and assigned sequential unique identifiers. These files were subsequently converted to pdfs for access, and the files were renamed by form of content and the date of creation. The collection was formerly assigned collection number SC 5053.","The Bettie Hiter Willis Papers, 1864-1942 consist of 41 digital files that were created by Special Collections from thirty-eight letters, three journal segments, and one poem. The bulk of the letters were written to family members in Virginia. Several letters and diary entries written by Bettie Hiter Willis as a young girl describe local events from the Civil War.","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk. (library-special@jmu.edu).","The Bettie Hiter Willis Papers, 1864-1942, is comprised of digitized diary entries and letters from Willis, including documents created during the Civil War.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Hiter family","Willis family","Willis, Bettie Hiter, 1850-1923","Angelil, MaryMay","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Bettie Hiter Willis Papers, 1864/1942"],"collection_ssim":["Bettie Hiter Willis Papers, 1864/1942"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0224","/repositories/4/resources/225"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0224","/repositories/4/resources/225"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"geogname_ssm":["Virginia -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Virginia -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Personal narratives","Virginia -- History, Local"],"geogname_ssim":["Virginia -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Virginia -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Personal narratives","Virginia -- History, Local"],"places_ssim":["Virginia -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Virginia -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Personal narratives","Virginia -- History, Local"],"creator_ssm":["Willis, Bettie Hiter, 1850-1923","Angelil, MaryMay"],"creator_ssim":["Willis, Bettie Hiter, 1850-1923","Angelil, MaryMay"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Willis, Bettie Hiter, 1850-1923","Angelil, MaryMay"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections"],"creator_famname_ssim":["Hiter family","Willis family"],"creators_ssim":["Willis, Bettie Hiter, 1850-1923","Angelil, MaryMay","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Hiter family","Willis family"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk. (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The items loaned to Special Collections by MaryMay Angelil in September 2012 for scanning, after which, the originals were returned to the donor."],"access_subjects_ssim":["North American women's letters and diaries","Postcards -- United States -- 20th century","Letters (correspondence)","Diaries","Postcards","Poetry"],"access_subjects_ssm":["North American women's letters and diaries","Postcards -- United States -- 20th century","Letters (correspondence)","Diaries","Postcards","Poetry"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.48 Gigabytes 41 digital files"],"extent_tesim":["0.48 Gigabytes 41 digital files"],"genreform_ssim":["Letters (correspondence)","Diaries","Postcards","Poetry"],"date_range_isim":[1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe material is arranged into two series:\u003c/p\u003e    ","\u003clist numeration=\"arabic\" type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eJournals, 1864-1874, undated, is comprised of scanned excerpts of journals written by Bettie Hiter Willis, and further arranged by date. The scanned documents are accessible as 3 pdfs.\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eCorrespondence, 1867-1942, undated, is comprised of scanned letters, a postcard and a poem, and further arranged by date. The scanned documents are accessible as 39 pdfs.\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The material is arranged into two series:","Journals, 1864-1874, undated, is comprised of scanned excerpts of journals written by Bettie Hiter Willis, and further arranged by date. The scanned documents are accessible as 3 pdfs.\n      Correspondence, 1867-1942, undated, is comprised of scanned letters, a postcard and a poem, and further arranged by date. The scanned documents are accessible as 39 pdfs."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains digital images of the correspondence and diaries of Bettie Hiter Willis, including journals from 1864-1865 and 1878-1879. She writes about her experiences with the Civil War as well as personal relations. She lived in the Culpepper, VA, and for a short period in the Shenandoah Valley, and wrote about local deaths in the War as well as her own personal take on Abraham Lincoln's assassination. The collection begins at age 13, in 1864, and continues with her children's correspondence until 1942.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["This collection contains digital images of the correspondence and diaries of Bettie Hiter Willis, including journals from 1864-1865 and 1878-1879. She writes about her experiences with the Civil War as well as personal relations. She lived in the Culpepper, VA, and for a short period in the Shenandoah Valley, and wrote about local deaths in the War as well as her own personal take on Abraham Lincoln's assassination. The collection begins at age 13, in 1864, and continues with her children's correspondence until 1942."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaryMay Angelil is the great-granddaughter of Bettie Hiter Willis. The letters have been in the family's possession since the Civil War.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Provenance"],"custodhist_tesim":["MaryMay Angelil is the great-granddaughter of Bettie Hiter Willis. The letters have been in the family's possession since the Civil War."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], Bettie Hiter Willis Papers, 1864-1942, SC 0224, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], Bettie Hiter Willis Papers, 1864-1942, SC 0224, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe pages were flattened and then scanned on an Epson 10000 XL scanner at 600 dpi. The scans have been separated into the original journal segments and letters. The collection was kept in the original order for scanning. The scans were created as TIF files and assigned sequential unique identifiers. These files were subsequently converted to pdfs for access, and the files were renamed by form of content and the date of creation. The collection was formerly assigned collection number SC 5053.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The pages were flattened and then scanned on an Epson 10000 XL scanner at 600 dpi. The scans have been separated into the original journal segments and letters. The collection was kept in the original order for scanning. The scans were created as TIF files and assigned sequential unique identifiers. These files were subsequently converted to pdfs for access, and the files were renamed by form of content and the date of creation. The collection was formerly assigned collection number SC 5053."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Bettie Hiter Willis Papers, 1864-1942 consist of 41 digital files that were created by Special Collections from thirty-eight letters, three journal segments, and one poem. The bulk of the letters were written to family members in Virginia. Several letters and diary entries written by Bettie Hiter Willis as a young girl describe local events from the Civil War.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Bettie Hiter Willis Papers, 1864-1942 consist of 41 digital files that were created by Special Collections from thirty-eight letters, three journal segments, and one poem. The bulk of the letters were written to family members in Virginia. Several letters and diary entries written by Bettie Hiter Willis as a young girl describe local events from the Civil War."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk. (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk. (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_aa5cca4a7317dcc4f57f41c5184e30db\"\u003eThe Bettie Hiter Willis Papers, 1864-1942, is comprised of digitized diary entries and letters from Willis, including documents created during the Civil War.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The Bettie Hiter Willis Papers, 1864-1942, is comprised of digitized diary entries and letters from Willis, including documents created during the Civil War."],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections"],"famname_ssim":["Hiter family","Willis family"],"names_coll_ssim":["Hiter family","Willis family","Angelil, MaryMay"],"persname_ssim":["Willis, Bettie Hiter, 1850-1923","Angelil, MaryMay"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Hiter family","Willis family","Willis, Bettie Hiter, 1850-1923","Angelil, MaryMay"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":44,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:57:12.722Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_225_c01"}},{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_213_c05","type":"Series","attributes":{"title":"J.P. Houck Store, 1898/1912","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_213_c05#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eSeries 5, J.P. Houck Store, 1898-1912, consists of materials that can be attributed specifically to transactions pertaining to the J.P. Houck Store, such as bills of lading for wholesale goods, customer charges, and freight and shipping receipts. These are arranged topically, then chronologically. The bulk of this series contains bills of lading for goods shipped to the Store [non-Virginia bills of lading], and bills of lading for goods shipped from the Houck Store to other locations in Virginia [Virginia bills of lading]. These are arranged by railway/company.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_213_c05#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_213_c05","ref_ssm":["vihart_repositories_4_resources_213_c05"],"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_213_c05","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_213","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_213","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_213","parent_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_213","parent_ssim":["McHone Brothers (LLC) Collection of Houck Tannery Records, 1870/1913"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vihart_repositories_4_resources_213"],"title_filing_ssi":"J.P. Houck Store","title_ssm":["J.P. Houck Store"],"title_tesim":["J.P. Houck Store"],"normalized_title_ssm":["J.P. Houck Store, 1898/1912"],"text":["J.P. Houck Store, 1898/1912","McHone Brothers (LLC) Collection of Houck Tannery Records, 1870/1913","English","Series 5, J.P. Houck Store, 1898-1912, consists of materials that can be attributed specifically to transactions pertaining to the J.P. Houck Store, such as bills of lading for wholesale goods, customer charges, and freight and shipping receipts.  These are arranged topically, then chronologically.  The bulk of this series contains bills of lading for goods shipped to the Store [non-Virginia bills of lading], and bills of lading for goods shipped from the Houck Store to other locations in Virginia [Virginia bills of lading].  These are arranged by railway/company."],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["McHone Brothers (LLC) Collection of Houck Tannery Records, 1870/1913"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["McHone Brothers (LLC) Collection of Houck Tannery Records, 1870/1913"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1898/1912"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1898-1912"],"level_ssm":["Series"],"level_ssim":["Series"],"component_level_isim":[1],"sort_isi":184,"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"collection_ssim":["McHone Brothers (LLC) Collection of Houck Tannery Records, 1870/1913"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":16,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"language_ssim":["English"],"date_range_isim":[1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSeries 5, J.P. Houck Store, 1898-1912, consists of materials that can be attributed specifically to transactions pertaining to the J.P. Houck Store, such as bills of lading for wholesale goods, customer charges, and freight and shipping receipts.  These are arranged topically, then chronologically.  The bulk of this series contains bills of lading for goods shipped to the Store [non-Virginia bills of lading], and bills of lading for goods shipped from the Houck Store to other locations in Virginia [Virginia bills of lading].  These are arranged by railway/company.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Series 5, J.P. Houck Store, 1898-1912, consists of materials that can be attributed specifically to transactions pertaining to the J.P. Houck Store, such as bills of lading for wholesale goods, customer charges, and freight and shipping receipts.  These are arranged topically, then chronologically.  The bulk of this series contains bills of lading for goods shipped to the Store [non-Virginia bills of lading], and bills of lading for goods shipped from the Houck Store to other locations in Virginia [Virginia bills of lading].  These are arranged by railway/company."],"_nest_path_":"/components#4","timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:57:12.722Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_213","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_213","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_213","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_213","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_213.xml","title_ssm":["McHone Brothers (LLC) Collection of Houck Tannery Records"],"title_tesim":["McHone Brothers (LLC) Collection of Houck Tannery Records"],"unitdate_ssm":["1870-1913"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1870-1913"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1870/1913"],"normalized_title_ssm":["McHone Brothers (LLC) Collection of Houck Tannery Records, 1870/1913"],"text":["McHone Brothers (LLC) Collection of Houck Tannery Records, 1870/1913","SC 0172","/repositories/4/resources/213","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Economic conditions -- Sources","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Economic conditions -- Statistics","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History","Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History","Edinburg (Va.) -- History","Stokesville (Va.) -- History","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Economic conditions -- Sources","Leather industry and trade -- United States","Leather industry and trade -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Tanning -- United States","Tanning -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.)","Tanning -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Tanbark -- Transportation -- Southern States -- Sources","Tanneries -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.)","Tanneries -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Railroads -- Southern States -- History","Railroads -- Virginia -- History","Industries -- United States -- History","Industries -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Sources","Industries -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Industries -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- Sources","Voter registration -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- Sources","Political participation -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- Sources","Voting registers -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Business records","Ledgers (account books)","Letters (correspondence)","Shipping records","Bills of lading","Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","The collection is arranged in five series. Items within each series are arranged alphabetically by topic or locality, then chronologically. Original pagination retained.","Account Ledgers and Registries, 1870-1895\n      Communication, 1900-1912\n      Financial Documents, 1891-1912\n      Distribution/Transportation Documents, 1893-1913\n      J. P. Houck Store, 1898-1912","Barb, Mia, 1991. Tanbark Industry in the Shenandoah Valley, Oral History Interviews, SdArch 4. Carrier Library Special Collections, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va.","Bolgiano, Chris. 1999. \"Tanbark Harvesting as an Economic and Environmental Factor in Appalachia.\" [S.1.:s.n.], 1999. Presented at [the] Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va., January 22, 1999.","Coakley, Sherry L. 1991. \"The Old Tannery.\" Harrisonburg Rockingham Historical Society Newsletter 13(1): 1-2.","\"History of Rockingham—Houck Tannery.\" Daily News-Record, 28 February 1959.","Lathrop, J.M. An Atlas of Shenandoah and Page Counties, Virginia; from actual surveys by J.M. Lathrop and B.N. Griffing.  Strasburg, Va.: GP Hammond Pub., 1991.  Originally published as: Philadelphia, Pa.: D.J. Lake \u0026 Co., 1885.","\"Mr. Dutrow's 20th Anniversary.\" Harrisonburg Daily News, 11 March 1908.","Price, C.G. Sr. \"My Recollections of Harrisonburg at the turn of the century.\" Rockingham Recorder III:1, April 1979.","\"Dutrow Buys Houck Store.\"  Daily News-Record, 11 July 1913.","Suter, Scott Hamilton, and Cheryl Lyon. Images of America: Harrisonburg.  Chicago: Arcadia Press, 2003.","Suter, Scott Hamilton, and Cheryl Lyon. Places, Faces \u0026 Traces:  Historical Photographs of Harrisonburg and Rockingham County.  Dayton, Va.: Silver Lake Mill, 2005.","Wayland, John W. Historic Harrisonburg.  Staunton, Va.: McClure Print. Co., 1949.","Joseph P. Houck was born on April 4, 1839, in Allentown, Pennsylvania. In the spring of 1866 he went to work for Shenandoah Iron Works in Page County, Virginia. He was successful in the business for fourteen years. Around 1880, Houck and his family moved to Harrisonburg, Virginia, as he had significant business interests there. He had bought a controlling share of the Harrisonburg Steam Tannery in 1878, which soon was renamed the Houck Tannery. In 1879 he opened the Houck Store near Court Square which sold leather goods in addition to household goods and furnishings.  Houck was a prominent member of the community, a member of the Rockingham Union Lodge, and secretary and treasurer of Valley Telephone. He died on June 16, 1908. Both the Tannery and the Store were passed on to his son, Joe (J. T.). The younger Houck sold the store to William B. Dutrow in 1913, but continued to own and operate the tannery until its close in the 1920s.","The tannery which came to be known as the Houck Tannery had a long history prior to its ownership by J. P. Houck. Local historian John Wayland noted in his 1949 book Historic Harrisonburg that sources indicate that as far back 1826, Joseph Cline had \"carried on the tanyard now owned by Lowenback,\" and that George Conrad had later purchased Cline's \"farm \u0026 the tanyard in town,\" although the date of that sale is not provided. Nonetheless, in 1871 J. A. Loewenbach owned and operated the tannery. That year, he constructed a new building for providing steam power, and in 1872 he had run a pipe from an unidentified spring in town to the tannery.","By 1878 ownership of the tannery was transferred to J. P. Houck. Although several tanneries operated in Rockingham County, Houck's was the largest. An 1880 census reports a capital investment of $75,000 and thirty employees in the tannery. The industry also supported significant numbers of workers who supplied and transported raw materials to the factory. A spur was laid from the Chesapeake and Western Railroad directly to the tannery warehouse to facilitate the tonnage of bark required for the manufacture of leather. In 1889 the tannery boasted a well that ran 600 feet deep. In addition, the tannery's powerful steam plant is credited with being the first provider of electricity in Harrisonburg. The city contracted with Houck in 1890 to power its street lights prior to the formation of the Harrisonburg Electric Commission. The factory ceased operation in the 1920s, and its 120 foot smokestack was demolished in 1929. A municipal parking deck now stands on the site. The sole remaining structure housed Whitesel-Sinton farm equipment in the 1930s, the armory until the 1950s, and the police department until its demolition in the early 1970s.","The collection was received on several long strands of heavy gauge wire totaling twenty linear feet which presented some difficulty due to their great weight and inherent instability. Documents had been punched onto the wire in chronological order which facilitated their arrangement but left edges exposed to a century's accumulation of grime and to damage by pests.  As a practical matter rather than an ideal conservation practice, each article was wiped with an untreated flannel dust cloth rather than vacuumed under mesh to encourage the exposed and embrittled corners of documents to crumble away from their much cleaner cores.","In order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in 2017-2018. This collection was previously cataloged as SC 4044.","J. P. Houck ledgers, 1892-1895, SC 0407, James Madison University Special Collections, Harrisonburg, Virginia.","This collection consists of 6.7 cubic feet of records that document the daily purchases and sales of the Houck Tannery and the J.P. Houck Store in Harrisonburg, Virginia, from 1870-1913, chiefly from 1890 to 1913. The collection is arranged in five series:  Account Ledgers and Registries, Communication, Financial Documents, Distribution/Transportation Documents, Images, and J.P. Houck Store. The first four series deal primarily with the Tannery; materials relating to the Store are housed in series five.  References to the Tannery may be abbreviated JPHTC, while the Houck Store may be abbreviated JPHS.","Series 1, Account Ledgers and Registries, 1870-1895, consists of a bound register (1870-1884), account ledger, and check stub registry. The register lists names alphabetically by race, date registered, and age. Initially presumed to have been an employee register, many of the names listed were prominent local citizens and/or businessmen who were not in the employ of the tannery; therefore it is likely that this was an unofficial voter register that somehow came to be housed in the same building as the tannery records, and may in fact have had nothing to do with the tannery itself.","Series 2, Communication, 1900-1912, includes business and payroll correspondence, telegrams and telegraphs, arranged alphabetically by topic, then chronologically.  Several of the items in payroll correspondence are undated handwritten notes from employees or contract laborers, requesting that their pay be sent home with another individual.","Series 3, Financial Documents, 1891-1912, is largely composed of receipts and paperwork regarding transactions and regular operating expenses, arranged alphabetically by topic, then chronologically. Topics include cash accounts, expense accounts, and payroll information for Brandiwine [Brandywine], W.V., insurance and utility payments, tax and legal issues, cancelled checks, tannery receipts and vouchers, money orders (from Southern Express \u0026 Adams Express) and Houck Store receipts. Oversized materials that have been placed in an oversized box are noted in the contents list.","Series 4, Distribution and Transportation Documents, 1893-1913, constitutes the bulk of the collection and represents regular transactions that occurred during production at the Tannery. These are further divided into eight subseries, based on transaction type. These subseries are arranged alphabetically by location or railway, then chronologically.","Series 5, J.P. Houck Store, 1898-1912, consists of materials that can be attributed specifically to transactions pertaining to the J.P. Houck Store, such as bills of lading for wholesale goods, customer charges, and freight and shipping receipts.  These are arranged topically, then chronologically.  The bulk of this series contains bills of lading for goods shipped to the Store [non-Virginia bills of lading], and bills of lading for goods shipped from the Houck Store to other locations in Virginia [Virginia bills of lading].  These are arranged by railway/company.","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","This collection consists of 6.7 cubic feet of records documenting the operations of the Houck Tannery and the J.P. Houck Store in Harrisonburg, Virginia, from 1870-1913, chiefly from 1890 to 1913. The collection contains account ledgers, registries, correspondence, and financial and transportation documents that record this turn of the century industry.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Houck Tannery (Harrisonburg, Va.)","McHone Brothers, LLC","J. P. Houck Store (Harrisonburg, Va.)","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["McHone Brothers (LLC) Collection of Houck Tannery Records, 1870/1913"],"collection_ssim":["McHone Brothers (LLC) Collection of Houck Tannery Records, 1870/1913"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0172","/repositories/4/resources/213"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0172","/repositories/4/resources/213"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"geogname_ssm":["Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Economic conditions -- Sources","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Economic conditions -- Statistics","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History","Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History","Edinburg (Va.) -- History","Stokesville (Va.) -- History","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Economic conditions -- Sources"],"geogname_ssim":["Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Economic conditions -- Sources","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Economic conditions -- Statistics","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History","Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History","Edinburg (Va.) -- History","Stokesville (Va.) -- History","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Economic conditions -- Sources"],"places_ssim":["Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Economic conditions -- Sources","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Economic conditions -- Statistics","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History","Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History","Edinburg (Va.) -- History","Stokesville (Va.) -- History","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Economic conditions -- Sources"],"creator_ssm":["Houck Tannery (Harrisonburg, Va.)","McHone Brothers, LLC"],"creator_ssim":["Houck Tannery (Harrisonburg, Va.)","McHone Brothers, LLC"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Houck Tannery (Harrisonburg, Va.)","McHone Brothers, LLC","J. P. Houck Store (Harrisonburg, Va.)"],"creators_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Houck Tannery (Harrisonburg, Va.)","McHone Brothers, LLC","J. P. Houck Store (Harrisonburg, Va.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Records were donated by the present building owner, McHone Brothers, LLC, in 2000. The collection was discovered in the late 1990s during renovations to the Houck Building on Court Square (71 South Main) in downtown Harrisonburg, the former offices of the Houck Tannery and store."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Leather industry and trade -- United States","Leather industry and trade -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Tanning -- United States","Tanning -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.)","Tanning -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Tanbark -- Transportation -- Southern States -- Sources","Tanneries -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.)","Tanneries -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Railroads -- Southern States -- History","Railroads -- Virginia -- History","Industries -- United States -- History","Industries -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Sources","Industries -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Industries -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- Sources","Voter registration -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- Sources","Political participation -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- Sources","Voting registers -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Business records","Ledgers (account books)","Letters (correspondence)","Shipping records","Bills of lading"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Leather industry and trade -- United States","Leather industry and trade -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Tanning -- United States","Tanning -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.)","Tanning -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Tanbark -- Transportation -- Southern States -- Sources","Tanneries -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.)","Tanneries -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Railroads -- Southern States -- History","Railroads -- Virginia -- History","Industries -- United States -- History","Industries -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Sources","Industries -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Industries -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- Sources","Voter registration -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- Sources","Political participation -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- Sources","Voting registers -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Business records","Ledgers (account books)","Letters (correspondence)","Shipping records","Bills of lading"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["6.7 cubic feet 8 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["6.7 cubic feet 8 boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["Business records","Ledgers (account books)","Letters (correspondence)","Shipping records","Bills of lading"],"date_range_isim":[1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged in five series. Items within each series are arranged alphabetically by topic or locality, then chronologically. Original pagination retained.\u003c/p\u003e    ","\u003clist numeration=\"arabic\" type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eAccount Ledgers and Registries, 1870-1895\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eCommunication, 1900-1912\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eFinancial Documents, 1891-1912\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eDistribution/Transportation Documents, 1893-1913\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eJ. P. Houck Store, 1898-1912\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged in five series. Items within each series are arranged alphabetically by topic or locality, then chronologically. Original pagination retained.","Account Ledgers and Registries, 1870-1895\n      Communication, 1900-1912\n      Financial Documents, 1891-1912\n      Distribution/Transportation Documents, 1893-1913\n      J. P. Houck Store, 1898-1912"],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cbibref\u003eBarb, Mia, 1991. Tanbark Industry in the Shenandoah Valley, Oral History Interviews, SdArch 4. Carrier Library Special Collections, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va.\u003c/bibref\u003e\n    ","\u003cbibref\u003eBolgiano, Chris. 1999. \"Tanbark Harvesting as an Economic and Environmental Factor in Appalachia.\" [S.1.:s.n.], 1999. Presented at [the] Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va., January 22, 1999.\u003c/bibref\u003e\n    ","\u003cbibref\u003eCoakley, Sherry L. 1991. \"The Old Tannery.\" Harrisonburg Rockingham Historical Society Newsletter 13(1): 1-2.\u003c/bibref\u003e\n    ","\u003cbibref\u003e\"History of Rockingham—Houck Tannery.\" \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eDaily News-Record\u003c/emph\u003e, 28 February 1959.\u003c/bibref\u003e\n    ","\u003cbibref\u003eLathrop, J.M. \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eAn Atlas of Shenandoah and Page Counties, Virginia; from actual surveys by J.M. Lathrop and B.N. Griffing\u003c/emph\u003e.  Strasburg, Va.: GP Hammond Pub., 1991.  Originally published as: Philadelphia, Pa.: D.J. Lake \u0026amp; Co., 1885.\u003c/bibref\u003e\n    ","\u003cbibref\u003e\"Mr. Dutrow's 20th Anniversary.\" \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eHarrisonburg Daily News\u003c/emph\u003e, 11 March 1908.\u003c/bibref\u003e\n    ","\u003cbibref\u003ePrice, C.G. Sr. \"My Recollections of Harrisonburg at the turn of the century.\" \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eRockingham Recorder\u003c/emph\u003e III:1, April 1979.\u003c/bibref\u003e\n    ","\u003cbibref\u003e\"Dutrow Buys Houck Store.\"  \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eDaily News-Record\u003c/emph\u003e, 11 July 1913.\u003c/bibref\u003e\n    ","\u003cbibref\u003eSuter, Scott Hamilton, and Cheryl Lyon. \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eImages of America: Harrisonburg\u003c/emph\u003e.  Chicago: Arcadia Press, 2003.\u003c/bibref\u003e\n    ","\u003cbibref\u003eSuter, Scott Hamilton, and Cheryl Lyon. \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003ePlaces, Faces \u0026amp; Traces:  Historical Photographs of Harrisonburg and Rockingham County\u003c/emph\u003e.  Dayton, Va.: Silver Lake Mill, 2005.\u003c/bibref\u003e\n    ","\u003cbibref\u003eWayland, John W. \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eHistoric Harrisonburg\u003c/emph\u003e.  Staunton, Va.: McClure Print. Co., 1949.\u003c/bibref\u003e\n  "],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["Barb, Mia, 1991. Tanbark Industry in the Shenandoah Valley, Oral History Interviews, SdArch 4. Carrier Library Special Collections, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va.","Bolgiano, Chris. 1999. \"Tanbark Harvesting as an Economic and Environmental Factor in Appalachia.\" [S.1.:s.n.], 1999. Presented at [the] Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va., January 22, 1999.","Coakley, Sherry L. 1991. \"The Old Tannery.\" Harrisonburg Rockingham Historical Society Newsletter 13(1): 1-2.","\"History of Rockingham—Houck Tannery.\" Daily News-Record, 28 February 1959.","Lathrop, J.M. An Atlas of Shenandoah and Page Counties, Virginia; from actual surveys by J.M. Lathrop and B.N. Griffing.  Strasburg, Va.: GP Hammond Pub., 1991.  Originally published as: Philadelphia, Pa.: D.J. Lake \u0026 Co., 1885.","\"Mr. Dutrow's 20th Anniversary.\" Harrisonburg Daily News, 11 March 1908.","Price, C.G. Sr. \"My Recollections of Harrisonburg at the turn of the century.\" Rockingham Recorder III:1, April 1979.","\"Dutrow Buys Houck Store.\"  Daily News-Record, 11 July 1913.","Suter, Scott Hamilton, and Cheryl Lyon. Images of America: Harrisonburg.  Chicago: Arcadia Press, 2003.","Suter, Scott Hamilton, and Cheryl Lyon. Places, Faces \u0026 Traces:  Historical Photographs of Harrisonburg and Rockingham County.  Dayton, Va.: Silver Lake Mill, 2005.","Wayland, John W. Historic Harrisonburg.  Staunton, Va.: McClure Print. Co., 1949."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJoseph P. Houck was born on April 4, 1839, in Allentown, Pennsylvania. In the spring of 1866 he went to work for Shenandoah Iron Works in Page County, Virginia. He was successful in the business for fourteen years. Around 1880, Houck and his family moved to Harrisonburg, Virginia, as he had significant business interests there. He had bought a controlling share of the Harrisonburg Steam Tannery in 1878, which soon was renamed the Houck Tannery. In 1879 he opened the Houck Store near Court Square which sold leather goods in addition to household goods and furnishings.  Houck was a prominent member of the community, a member of the Rockingham Union Lodge, and secretary and treasurer of Valley Telephone. He died on June 16, 1908. Both the Tannery and the Store were passed on to his son, Joe (J. T.). The younger Houck sold the store to William B. Dutrow in 1913, but continued to own and operate the tannery until its close in the 1920s.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe tannery which came to be known as the Houck Tannery had a long history prior to its ownership by J. P. Houck. Local historian John Wayland noted in his 1949 book \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eHistoric Harrisonburg\u003c/emph\u003e that sources indicate that as far back 1826, Joseph Cline had \"carried on the tanyard now owned by Lowenback,\" and that George Conrad had later purchased Cline's \"farm \u0026amp; the tanyard in town,\" although the date of that sale is not provided. Nonetheless, in 1871 J. A. Loewenbach owned and operated the tannery. That year, he constructed a new building for providing steam power, and in 1872 he had run a pipe from an unidentified spring in town to the tannery.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBy 1878 ownership of the tannery was transferred to J. P. Houck. Although several tanneries operated in Rockingham County, Houck's was the largest. An 1880 census reports a capital investment of $75,000 and thirty employees in the tannery. The industry also supported significant numbers of workers who supplied and transported raw materials to the factory. A spur was laid from the Chesapeake and Western Railroad directly to the tannery warehouse to facilitate the tonnage of bark required for the manufacture of leather. In 1889 the tannery boasted a well that ran 600 feet deep. In addition, the tannery's powerful steam plant is credited with being the first provider of electricity in Harrisonburg. The city contracted with Houck in 1890 to power its street lights prior to the formation of the Harrisonburg Electric Commission. The factory ceased operation in the 1920s, and its 120 foot smokestack was demolished in 1929. A municipal parking deck now stands on the site. The sole remaining structure housed Whitesel-Sinton farm equipment in the 1930s, the armory until the 1950s, and the police department until its demolition in the early 1970s.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Joseph P. Houck was born on April 4, 1839, in Allentown, Pennsylvania. In the spring of 1866 he went to work for Shenandoah Iron Works in Page County, Virginia. He was successful in the business for fourteen years. Around 1880, Houck and his family moved to Harrisonburg, Virginia, as he had significant business interests there. He had bought a controlling share of the Harrisonburg Steam Tannery in 1878, which soon was renamed the Houck Tannery. In 1879 he opened the Houck Store near Court Square which sold leather goods in addition to household goods and furnishings.  Houck was a prominent member of the community, a member of the Rockingham Union Lodge, and secretary and treasurer of Valley Telephone. He died on June 16, 1908. Both the Tannery and the Store were passed on to his son, Joe (J. T.). The younger Houck sold the store to William B. Dutrow in 1913, but continued to own and operate the tannery until its close in the 1920s.","The tannery which came to be known as the Houck Tannery had a long history prior to its ownership by J. P. Houck. Local historian John Wayland noted in his 1949 book Historic Harrisonburg that sources indicate that as far back 1826, Joseph Cline had \"carried on the tanyard now owned by Lowenback,\" and that George Conrad had later purchased Cline's \"farm \u0026 the tanyard in town,\" although the date of that sale is not provided. Nonetheless, in 1871 J. A. Loewenbach owned and operated the tannery. That year, he constructed a new building for providing steam power, and in 1872 he had run a pipe from an unidentified spring in town to the tannery.","By 1878 ownership of the tannery was transferred to J. P. Houck. Although several tanneries operated in Rockingham County, Houck's was the largest. An 1880 census reports a capital investment of $75,000 and thirty employees in the tannery. The industry also supported significant numbers of workers who supplied and transported raw materials to the factory. A spur was laid from the Chesapeake and Western Railroad directly to the tannery warehouse to facilitate the tonnage of bark required for the manufacture of leather. In 1889 the tannery boasted a well that ran 600 feet deep. In addition, the tannery's powerful steam plant is credited with being the first provider of electricity in Harrisonburg. The city contracted with Houck in 1890 to power its street lights prior to the formation of the Harrisonburg Electric Commission. The factory ceased operation in the 1920s, and its 120 foot smokestack was demolished in 1929. A municipal parking deck now stands on the site. The sole remaining structure housed Whitesel-Sinton farm equipment in the 1930s, the armory until the 1950s, and the police department until its demolition in the early 1970s."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of Item], [box #, folder #], McHone (LLC) Collection of Houck Tannery Records, 1870-1913, SC 0172, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of Item], [box #, folder #], McHone (LLC) Collection of Houck Tannery Records, 1870-1913, SC 0172, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection was received on several long strands of heavy gauge wire totaling twenty linear feet which presented some difficulty due to their great weight and inherent instability. Documents had been punched onto the wire in chronological order which facilitated their arrangement but left edges exposed to a century's accumulation of grime and to damage by pests.  As a practical matter rather than an ideal conservation practice, each article was wiped with an untreated flannel dust cloth rather than vacuumed under mesh to encourage the exposed and embrittled corners of documents to crumble away from their much cleaner cores.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in 2017-2018. \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eThis collection was previously cataloged as SC 4044\u003c/emph\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The collection was received on several long strands of heavy gauge wire totaling twenty linear feet which presented some difficulty due to their great weight and inherent instability. Documents had been punched onto the wire in chronological order which facilitated their arrangement but left edges exposed to a century's accumulation of grime and to damage by pests.  As a practical matter rather than an ideal conservation practice, each article was wiped with an untreated flannel dust cloth rather than vacuumed under mesh to encourage the exposed and embrittled corners of documents to crumble away from their much cleaner cores.","In order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in 2017-2018. This collection was previously cataloged as SC 4044."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJ. P. Houck ledgers, 1892-1895, SC 0407, James Madison University Special Collections, Harrisonburg, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["J. P. Houck ledgers, 1892-1895, SC 0407, James Madison University Special Collections, Harrisonburg, Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of 6.7 cubic feet of records that document the daily purchases and sales of the Houck Tannery and the J.P. Houck Store in Harrisonburg, Virginia, from 1870-1913, chiefly from 1890 to 1913. The collection is arranged in five series:  Account Ledgers and Registries, Communication, Financial Documents, Distribution/Transportation Documents, Images, and J.P. Houck Store. The first four series deal primarily with the Tannery; materials relating to the Store are housed in series five.  References to the Tannery may be abbreviated JPHTC, while the Houck Store may be abbreviated JPHS.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1, Account Ledgers and Registries, 1870-1895, consists of a bound register (1870-1884), account ledger, and check stub registry. The register lists names alphabetically by race, date registered, and age. Initially presumed to have been an employee register, many of the names listed were prominent local citizens and/or businessmen who were not in the employ of the tannery; therefore it is likely that this was an unofficial voter register that somehow came to be housed in the same building as the tannery records, and may in fact have had nothing to do with the tannery itself.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2, Communication, 1900-1912, includes business and payroll correspondence, telegrams and telegraphs, arranged alphabetically by topic, then chronologically.  Several of the items in payroll correspondence are undated handwritten notes from employees or contract laborers, requesting that their pay be sent home with another individual.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 3, Financial Documents, 1891-1912, is largely composed of receipts and paperwork regarding transactions and regular operating expenses, arranged alphabetically by topic, then chronologically. Topics include cash accounts, expense accounts, and payroll information for Brandiwine [Brandywine], W.V., insurance and utility payments, tax and legal issues, cancelled checks, tannery receipts and vouchers, money orders (from Southern Express \u0026amp; Adams Express) and Houck Store receipts. Oversized materials that have been placed in an oversized box are noted in the contents list.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 4, Distribution and Transportation Documents, 1893-1913, constitutes the bulk of the collection and represents regular transactions that occurred during production at the Tannery. These are further divided into eight subseries, based on transaction type. These subseries are arranged alphabetically by location or railway, then chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 5, J.P. Houck Store, 1898-1912, consists of materials that can be attributed specifically to transactions pertaining to the J.P. Houck Store, such as bills of lading for wholesale goods, customer charges, and freight and shipping receipts.  These are arranged topically, then chronologically.  The bulk of this series contains bills of lading for goods shipped to the Store [non-Virginia bills of lading], and bills of lading for goods shipped from the Houck Store to other locations in Virginia [Virginia bills of lading].  These are arranged by railway/company.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection consists of 6.7 cubic feet of records that document the daily purchases and sales of the Houck Tannery and the J.P. Houck Store in Harrisonburg, Virginia, from 1870-1913, chiefly from 1890 to 1913. The collection is arranged in five series:  Account Ledgers and Registries, Communication, Financial Documents, Distribution/Transportation Documents, Images, and J.P. Houck Store. The first four series deal primarily with the Tannery; materials relating to the Store are housed in series five.  References to the Tannery may be abbreviated JPHTC, while the Houck Store may be abbreviated JPHS.","Series 1, Account Ledgers and Registries, 1870-1895, consists of a bound register (1870-1884), account ledger, and check stub registry. The register lists names alphabetically by race, date registered, and age. Initially presumed to have been an employee register, many of the names listed were prominent local citizens and/or businessmen who were not in the employ of the tannery; therefore it is likely that this was an unofficial voter register that somehow came to be housed in the same building as the tannery records, and may in fact have had nothing to do with the tannery itself.","Series 2, Communication, 1900-1912, includes business and payroll correspondence, telegrams and telegraphs, arranged alphabetically by topic, then chronologically.  Several of the items in payroll correspondence are undated handwritten notes from employees or contract laborers, requesting that their pay be sent home with another individual.","Series 3, Financial Documents, 1891-1912, is largely composed of receipts and paperwork regarding transactions and regular operating expenses, arranged alphabetically by topic, then chronologically. Topics include cash accounts, expense accounts, and payroll information for Brandiwine [Brandywine], W.V., insurance and utility payments, tax and legal issues, cancelled checks, tannery receipts and vouchers, money orders (from Southern Express \u0026 Adams Express) and Houck Store receipts. Oversized materials that have been placed in an oversized box are noted in the contents list.","Series 4, Distribution and Transportation Documents, 1893-1913, constitutes the bulk of the collection and represents regular transactions that occurred during production at the Tannery. These are further divided into eight subseries, based on transaction type. These subseries are arranged alphabetically by location or railway, then chronologically.","Series 5, J.P. Houck Store, 1898-1912, consists of materials that can be attributed specifically to transactions pertaining to the J.P. Houck Store, such as bills of lading for wholesale goods, customer charges, and freight and shipping receipts.  These are arranged topically, then chronologically.  The bulk of this series contains bills of lading for goods shipped to the Store [non-Virginia bills of lading], and bills of lading for goods shipped from the Houck Store to other locations in Virginia [Virginia bills of lading].  These are arranged by railway/company."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_0b4734e58550bfc23c19147f1802ed60\"\u003eThis collection consists of 6.7 cubic feet of records documenting the operations of the Houck Tannery and the J.P. Houck Store in Harrisonburg, Virginia, from 1870-1913, chiefly from 1890 to 1913. The collection contains account ledgers, registries, correspondence, and financial and transportation documents that record this turn of the century industry.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["This collection consists of 6.7 cubic feet of records documenting the operations of the Houck Tannery and the J.P. Houck Store in Harrisonburg, Virginia, from 1870-1913, chiefly from 1890 to 1913. The collection contains account ledgers, registries, correspondence, and financial and transportation documents that record this turn of the century industry."],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Houck Tannery (Harrisonburg, Va.)","McHone Brothers, LLC","J. P. Houck Store (Harrisonburg, Va.)"],"names_coll_ssim":["J. P. Houck Store (Harrisonburg, Va.)","McHone Brothers, LLC"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Houck Tannery (Harrisonburg, Va.)","McHone Brothers, LLC","J. P. Houck Store (Harrisonburg, Va.)"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":200,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:57:12.722Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_213_c05"}},{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_242_c02","type":"Series","attributes":{"title":"Judgments and Warrants, 1870/1872","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_242_c02#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_242_c02","ref_ssm":["vihart_repositories_4_resources_242_c02"],"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_242_c02","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_242","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_242","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_242","parent_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_242","parent_ssim":["William H. Bowman Papers, 1856/1897"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vihart_repositories_4_resources_242"],"title_filing_ssi":"Judgments and Warrants","title_ssm":["Judgments and Warrants"],"title_tesim":["Judgments and Warrants"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Judgments and Warrants, 1870/1872"],"text":["Judgments and Warrants, 1870/1872","William H. Bowman Papers, 1856/1897"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["William H. Bowman Papers, 1856/1897"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["William H. Bowman Papers, 1856/1897"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1870/1872"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1870-1872"],"level_ssm":["Series"],"level_ssim":["Series"],"component_level_isim":[1],"sort_isi":7,"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"collection_ssim":["William H. Bowman Papers, 1856/1897"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":2,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"date_range_isim":[1870,1871,1872],"_nest_path_":"/components#1","timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:57:12.722Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_242","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_242","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_242","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_242","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_242.xml","title_ssm":["William H. Bowman Papers"],"title_tesim":["William H. Bowman Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1856-1897"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1856-1897"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1856/1897"],"normalized_title_ssm":["William H. Bowman Papers, 1856/1897"],"text":["William H. Bowman Papers, 1856/1897","SC 0087","/repositories/4/resources/242","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Social life and customs","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Social life and customs","Virginia -- History","Virginia -- Social life and customs","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Genealogy","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Genealogy","Virginia -- Genealogy","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Virginia -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Farmers -- Virginia -- Biography","Agriculture -- Virginia -- History","Medicine -- Virginia -- Rockingham County -- History -- 19th century","Medical care -- Virginia -- Rockingham County -- History -- 19th century","Financial Records","Legal documents","Receipts (financial records)","Summonses","Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","This collection is arranged in three series:","Financial Papers, 1850s-1890s\n      Judgments and Warrants, 1870-1872\n      Personal Papers, undated","Wayland, John B. Men of Mark: and representative citizens of Harrisonburg and Rockingham County, Virginia. Staunton: The McClure Company, Inc., 1943.","William Harpine Bowman was born on August 26, 1833 in Shenandoah County, Virginia. George Bowman, his first ancestor in Virginia, built the old Bowman homestead, called Fort Bowman or Harmony Hall, at Cedar Creek near Strasburg in 1751. After marrying Emily Frances Huffman, born January 25, 1837, in Harrisonburg, William Bowman settled in Peach Grove, Virginia, in Rockingham County, just southeast of Harrisonburg. There, he was involved in community affairs and served as the treasurer and possibly as the president of the Undine Lodge, where he also worked to support a community effort to purchase a stove for the New Union School in 1857. He further served his community by acting as a Justice of the Peace in the Ashby Township, Rockingham County, from 1870-1872.","Packaged in a large envelope on which was written: \"From Dorice Graham from her great Uncle Ott Minnich. Donated [as a] collection of old papers from the collection. Presented [to the Harrisonburg-Rockingham Historical Society] on April 30, 1980.\"","In order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in the spring of 2017. This collection was previously cataloged as SC 2020.","The William H. Bowman Papers, 1856-1897, consist of 334 items arranged in three series: Financial Papers, 1850s-1890s, Judgments and Warrants, 1870-1872, and Personal Papers, undated.","Series 1: Financial Papers, 1850-1890, is arranged in five folders. The first four folders detail the years from 1850-1890 and are primarily made up of receipts, purchase and debt payment notices, and tax forms. Earlier documents from the 1850s and 1860s include information on slaves owned by Bowman and his land holdings. Also included are subscriptions to the Old Commonwealth, Rockingham Register, and Harrisonburg Free Press newspapers, along with orders to the Atlantic and Virginia Fertilizing Company for \"EUREKA\" Ammoniated Super-Phosphate Fertilizer. A March 8, 1890 receipt details a payment of three dollars for tuition paid to the Shenandoah Normal College and fire insurance purchased for one thousand one hundred twenty-five dollars from the Rockingham Home Mutual Fire Insurance Company on May 1, 1890. Of particular note is a July 17, 1897 purchase for a headstone for William Bowman by Annie Bowman. The final folder in this series consists of medical bills for such items as pain management and a prescription for Bowman's wife.","Series 2: Judgments and Warrants, 1870-1872, is divided into two folders of documents from Bowman's tenure as Justice of the Peace. The first folder contains items from 1870, the large majority of which are addressed to Rockingham County constables with orders to summon various individuals for hearings. The second folder spans the years of 1871-1872. Summons to court once more are the greater part of the folder but judgments commanding individuals to pay debts within an allotted time period are also included.","Series 3: Personal Papers, undated, is comprised of four items. Of interest is a letter from the Shenandoah Normal School principal, G.W. Hoenshel, dated February 15, 1891, with information concerning tuition and room and board expenses along with a brief description of the school and the date of the beginning of the spring term. A July 12, 1861, letter from Port Republic, Virginia, exempting William Bowman from military duty after a Regimental Court of Inquiry for the 58th Regiment is present.","The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The William H. Bowman Papers, 1856-1897, consist of the papers of William H. Bowman, including bills, receipts, and legal documents along with personal letters.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Harrisonburg-Rockingham Historical Society","Bowman, William H. (William Harpine), 1833-1895","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["William H. Bowman Papers, 1856/1897"],"collection_ssim":["William H. 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(William Harpine), 1833-1895","Harrisonburg-Rockingham Historical Society"],"creator_ssim":["Bowman, William H. (William Harpine), 1833-1895","Harrisonburg-Rockingham Historical Society"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Bowman, William H. (William Harpine), 1833-1895"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Harrisonburg-Rockingham Historical Society"],"creators_ssim":["Bowman, William H. (William Harpine), 1833-1895","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Harrisonburg-Rockingham Historical Society"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["On deposit by the Harrisonburg-Rockingham Historical Society."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Farmers -- Virginia -- Biography","Agriculture -- Virginia -- History","Medicine -- Virginia -- Rockingham County -- History -- 19th century","Medical care -- Virginia -- Rockingham County -- History -- 19th century","Financial Records","Legal documents","Receipts (financial records)","Summonses"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Farmers -- Virginia -- Biography","Agriculture -- Virginia -- History","Medicine -- Virginia -- Rockingham County -- History -- 19th century","Medical care -- Virginia -- Rockingham County -- History -- 19th century","Financial Records","Legal documents","Receipts (financial records)","Summonses"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.2 cubic feet 1/2 Hollinger box; 334 items"],"extent_tesim":["0.2 cubic feet 1/2 Hollinger box; 334 items"],"genreform_ssim":["Financial Records","Legal documents","Receipts (financial records)","Summonses"],"date_range_isim":[1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research. 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Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged in three series:\u003c/p\u003e    ","\u003clist numeration=\"arabic\" type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eFinancial Papers, 1850s-1890s\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eJudgments and Warrants, 1870-1872\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003ePersonal Papers, undated\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged in three series:","Financial Papers, 1850s-1890s\n      Judgments and Warrants, 1870-1872\n      Personal Papers, undated"],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cbibref\u003eWayland, John B. \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eMen of Mark: and representative citizens of Harrisonburg and Rockingham County, Virginia.\u003c/emph\u003e Staunton: The McClure Company, Inc., 1943.\u003c/bibref\u003e\n  "],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["Wayland, John B. Men of Mark: and representative citizens of Harrisonburg and Rockingham County, Virginia. Staunton: The McClure Company, Inc., 1943."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWilliam Harpine Bowman was born on August 26, 1833 in Shenandoah County, Virginia. George Bowman, his first ancestor in Virginia, built the old Bowman homestead, called Fort Bowman or Harmony Hall, at Cedar Creek near Strasburg in 1751. After marrying Emily Frances Huffman, born January 25, 1837, in Harrisonburg, William Bowman settled in Peach Grove, Virginia, in Rockingham County, just southeast of Harrisonburg. There, he was involved in community affairs and served as the treasurer and possibly as the president of the Undine Lodge, where he also worked to support a community effort to purchase a stove for the New Union School in 1857. He further served his community by acting as a Justice of the Peace in the Ashby Township, Rockingham County, from 1870-1872.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Bio/Historical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["William Harpine Bowman was born on August 26, 1833 in Shenandoah County, Virginia. George Bowman, his first ancestor in Virginia, built the old Bowman homestead, called Fort Bowman or Harmony Hall, at Cedar Creek near Strasburg in 1751. After marrying Emily Frances Huffman, born January 25, 1837, in Harrisonburg, William Bowman settled in Peach Grove, Virginia, in Rockingham County, just southeast of Harrisonburg. There, he was involved in community affairs and served as the treasurer and possibly as the president of the Undine Lodge, where he also worked to support a community effort to purchase a stove for the New Union School in 1857. He further served his community by acting as a Justice of the Peace in the Ashby Township, Rockingham County, from 1870-1872."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePackaged in a large envelope on which was written: \"From Dorice Graham from her great Uncle Ott Minnich. Donated [as a] collection of old papers from the collection. Presented [to the Harrisonburg-Rockingham Historical Society] on April 30, 1980.\"\u003c/p\u003e  "],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Provenance"],"custodhist_tesim":["Packaged in a large envelope on which was written: \"From Dorice Graham from her great Uncle Ott Minnich. Donated [as a] collection of old papers from the collection. Presented [to the Harrisonburg-Rockingham Historical Society] on April 30, 1980.\""],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of Item], [box #, folder #], William H. Bowman Papers, 1856-1897, SC 0087, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of Item], [box #, folder #], William H. Bowman Papers, 1856-1897, SC 0087, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in the spring of 2017. \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eThis collection was previously cataloged as SC 2020.\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["In order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in the spring of 2017. This collection was previously cataloged as SC 2020."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe William H. Bowman Papers, 1856-1897, consist of 334 items arranged in three series: Financial Papers, 1850s-1890s, Judgments and Warrants, 1870-1872, and Personal Papers, undated.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1: Financial Papers, 1850-1890, is arranged in five folders. The first four folders detail the years from 1850-1890 and are primarily made up of receipts, purchase and debt payment notices, and tax forms. Earlier documents from the 1850s and 1860s include information on slaves owned by Bowman and his land holdings. Also included are subscriptions to the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eOld Commonwealth\u003c/emph\u003e, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eRockingham Register\u003c/emph\u003e, and \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eHarrisonburg Free Press\u003c/emph\u003e newspapers, along with orders to the Atlantic and Virginia Fertilizing Company for \"EUREKA\" Ammoniated Super-Phosphate Fertilizer. A March 8, 1890 receipt details a payment of three dollars for tuition paid to the Shenandoah Normal College and fire insurance purchased for one thousand one hundred twenty-five dollars from the Rockingham Home Mutual Fire Insurance Company on May 1, 1890. Of particular note is a July 17, 1897 purchase for a headstone for William Bowman by Annie Bowman. The final folder in this series consists of medical bills for such items as pain management and a prescription for Bowman's wife.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2: Judgments and Warrants, 1870-1872, is divided into two folders of documents from Bowman's tenure as Justice of the Peace. The first folder contains items from 1870, the large majority of which are addressed to Rockingham County constables with orders to summon various individuals for hearings. The second folder spans the years of 1871-1872. Summons to court once more are the greater part of the folder but judgments commanding individuals to pay debts within an allotted time period are also included.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 3: Personal Papers, undated, is comprised of four items. Of interest is a letter from the Shenandoah Normal School principal, G.W. Hoenshel, dated February 15, 1891, with information concerning tuition and room and board expenses along with a brief description of the school and the date of the beginning of the spring term. A July 12, 1861, letter from Port Republic, Virginia, exempting William Bowman from military duty after a Regimental Court of Inquiry for the 58th Regiment is present. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The William H. Bowman Papers, 1856-1897, consist of 334 items arranged in three series: Financial Papers, 1850s-1890s, Judgments and Warrants, 1870-1872, and Personal Papers, undated.","Series 1: Financial Papers, 1850-1890, is arranged in five folders. The first four folders detail the years from 1850-1890 and are primarily made up of receipts, purchase and debt payment notices, and tax forms. Earlier documents from the 1850s and 1860s include information on slaves owned by Bowman and his land holdings. Also included are subscriptions to the Old Commonwealth, Rockingham Register, and Harrisonburg Free Press newspapers, along with orders to the Atlantic and Virginia Fertilizing Company for \"EUREKA\" Ammoniated Super-Phosphate Fertilizer. A March 8, 1890 receipt details a payment of three dollars for tuition paid to the Shenandoah Normal College and fire insurance purchased for one thousand one hundred twenty-five dollars from the Rockingham Home Mutual Fire Insurance Company on May 1, 1890. Of particular note is a July 17, 1897 purchase for a headstone for William Bowman by Annie Bowman. The final folder in this series consists of medical bills for such items as pain management and a prescription for Bowman's wife.","Series 2: Judgments and Warrants, 1870-1872, is divided into two folders of documents from Bowman's tenure as Justice of the Peace. The first folder contains items from 1870, the large majority of which are addressed to Rockingham County constables with orders to summon various individuals for hearings. The second folder spans the years of 1871-1872. Summons to court once more are the greater part of the folder but judgments commanding individuals to pay debts within an allotted time period are also included.","Series 3: Personal Papers, undated, is comprised of four items. Of interest is a letter from the Shenandoah Normal School principal, G.W. Hoenshel, dated February 15, 1891, with information concerning tuition and room and board expenses along with a brief description of the school and the date of the beginning of the spring term. A July 12, 1861, letter from Port Republic, Virginia, exempting William Bowman from military duty after a Regimental Court of Inquiry for the 58th Regiment is present."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_eda8a64cccb37d3d71ea43943ef8a394\"\u003eThe William H. Bowman Papers, 1856-1897, consist of the papers of William H. Bowman, including bills, receipts, and legal documents along with personal letters.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The William H. Bowman Papers, 1856-1897, consist of the papers of William H. Bowman, including bills, receipts, and legal documents along with personal letters."],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Harrisonburg-Rockingham Historical Society"],"names_coll_ssim":["Harrisonburg-Rockingham Historical Society","Bowman, William H. (William Harpine), 1833-1895"],"persname_ssim":["Bowman, William H. (William Harpine), 1833-1895"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Harrisonburg-Rockingham Historical Society","Bowman, William H. (William Harpine), 1833-1895"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":10,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:57:12.722Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_242_c02"}},{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_607_c03","type":"Series","attributes":{"title":"Julia Anita Grove Correspondence, 1900/1932","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_607_c03#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eSeries 3: Julia Anita Grove Correspondence, 1900-1932, deals with the correspondence received by Julia Anita Grove between the years 1900 and 1932. Most of the correspondence in this series come from family members and friends asking her about her travels and updating her on day-to-day activities in Luray. Examples of updates include a new \"Ford shop\" being built and their parents buying a new car, and an item of note is a souvenir folder from Rochester, New York that holds drawings of landmarks and facts about the city.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_607_c03#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_607_c03","ref_ssm":["vihart_repositories_4_resources_607_c03"],"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_607_c03","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_607","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_607","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_607","parent_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_607","parent_ssim":["Grove Family Papers, 1884/1932"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vihart_repositories_4_resources_607"],"title_filing_ssi":"Julia Anita Grove Correspondence","title_ssm":["Julia Anita Grove Correspondence"],"title_tesim":["Julia Anita Grove Correspondence"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Julia Anita Grove Correspondence, 1900/1932"],"text":["Julia Anita Grove Correspondence, 1900/1932","Grove Family Papers, 1884/1932","Series 3: Julia Anita Grove Correspondence, 1900-1932, deals with the correspondence received by Julia Anita Grove between the years 1900 and 1932. Most of the correspondence in this series come from family members and friends asking her about her travels and updating her on day-to-day activities in Luray. Examples of updates include a new \"Ford shop\" being built and their parents buying a new car, and an item of note is a souvenir folder from Rochester, New York that holds drawings of landmarks and facts about the city."],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Grove Family Papers, 1884/1932"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Grove Family Papers, 1884/1932"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1900/1932"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1900-1932"],"level_ssm":["Series"],"level_ssim":["Series"],"component_level_isim":[1],"sort_isi":75,"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"collection_ssim":["Grove Family Papers, 1884/1932"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":91,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"date_range_isim":[1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSeries 3: Julia Anita Grove Correspondence, 1900-1932, deals with the correspondence received by Julia Anita Grove between the years 1900 and 1932. Most of the correspondence in this series come from family members and friends asking her about her travels and updating her on day-to-day activities in Luray. Examples of updates include a new \"Ford shop\" being built and their parents buying a new car, and an item of note is a souvenir folder from Rochester, New York that holds drawings of landmarks and facts about the city.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Series 3: Julia Anita Grove Correspondence, 1900-1932, deals with the correspondence received by Julia Anita Grove between the years 1900 and 1932. Most of the correspondence in this series come from family members and friends asking her about her travels and updating her on day-to-day activities in Luray. Examples of updates include a new \"Ford shop\" being built and their parents buying a new car, and an item of note is a souvenir folder from Rochester, New York that holds drawings of landmarks and facts about the city."],"_nest_path_":"/components#2","timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:57:53.919Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_607","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_607","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_607","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_607","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_607.xml","title_ssm":["Grove Family Papers"],"title_tesim":["Grove Family Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1884-1932"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1884-1932"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1884/1932"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Grove Family Papers, 1884/1932"],"text":["Grove Family Papers, 1884/1932","SC 0292","/repositories/4/resources/607","Page County (Va.) -- History","Page County (Va.) -- Genealogy","Page County (Va.) -- Social life and customs","Luray (Va.) -- History","Letters (correspondence)","Christmas cards","Printed Ephemera","Newspaper clippings","Photographs","Advertisements","Pamphlets","Family papers","Collection open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","The collection is arranged in nine series, with the first eight series comprising family correspondence, arranged by recipient and chronologically. Series 9 consists of ephemera accumulated by the family and is arranged alphabetically.","Grove Family Correspondence, 1884-1932\n      Arthur Ashby Grove Correspondence, 1892-1932\n      Julia Anita Grove Correspondence, 1900-1932\n      Jessie Grove Hershberger Correspondence, 1903-1932\n      Harold Elton Grove Correspondence, 1920-1932\n      Laura Brumback Grove Correspondence, 1886-1926\n      John William Grove Correspondence, 1890-1924\n      Charles H. Grove Correspondence, 1891-1930\n      Ephemera, 1887-1932","\"Corp John William Grove (1844-1924) - Find A Grave...\" Find A Grave. Accessed June 11, 2019. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/8423540/john-william-grove.","\"Women's College Finals This Week.\" Times Dispatch (Richmond, VA), May 23, 1910. https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85038615/1910-05-23/ed-1/seq-12/#date1=1900\u0026index=1\u0026date2=1930\u0026searchType=advanced\u0026language=\u0026sequence=0\u0026words=Anita+Grove\u0026proxdistance=5\u0026state=Virginia\u0026rows=20\u0026ortext=\u0026proxtext=Anita+Grove\u0026phrasetext=\u0026andtext=\u0026dateFilterType=yearRange\u0026page=1","John William Grove was born December 16, 1844, in Luray, Page County, Virginia. As an adult, he served as a Corporal with the Confederate Army from 1863-1865 as part of the 35th Battalion of the Virginia Cavalry until being paroled from the army on May 8, 1865. He then married Eliza Jane Koontz (1850-1871) in 1869 and had two children: Ella Grove (1870-1932) and William Wallace Grove (1872-1874). After Eliza's death on October 19, 1871, John William Grove married Laura Ann Brumback (1851-1926), and had four children with her: Arthur Ashby Grove (1883 - 1940), Jessimine \"Jessie\" Lee Grove (1887 - 1966), Harold Elton Grove (1889 - 1970), and Julia Anita Grove (1892 - 1976). In the mid-1880s, John William Grove opened the Grove and Brothers store with his brother Charles H. Grove (1849 –1925) in Luray. John William Grove's sons Arthur and Harold took over the store after their father's  death in August 1924.","Arthur, often addressed as A. A. Grove, was a member of the National Guard and veteran of World War I, having fought in France as part of the 116th Infantry, 29th Division. He was also an active member of the community, participating in the Luray Rotary Club, the Summers-Koontz Camp No. 490, Sons of Confederate Veterans, and others.","After receiving her bachelor's degree in music from Vassar College in 1910, Julia \"Anita\" Grove became a music teacher and spent several months almost every year traveling throughout the United States visiting relatives (e.g., cousins, extended family) and friends of the family or friends from her time at school.","Jessie Grove married William Pendleton Hershberger on January 28, 1919.","Duplicates of brochures in the ephemera were discarded as well as blank envelopes or sheets of paper found amidst the correspondence.","The Grove Family Papers, 1884-1932, consist of 21 boxes, primarily comprising family correspondence. The bulk of the collection is made up of family correspondence and the rest is made up of ephemera collected by the family. The correspondence is mainly letters sent to the group or individual indicated by the series, with the bulk of the correspondence in this collection being letters sent to Arthur and Julia Grove. Most of the letters concern updates concerning other family members and the community. Much of the collection consists of holiday cards sent to all members of the Grove Family over the years.","Series 1: Grove Family Correspondence, 1884-1932, comprises correspondence that is either addressed to the Grove Family or correspondence for which there is no discernable individual family member that is the sender. Correspondence addressed to Elizabeth P. Barry, a friend of Julia and Jessie Grove, is included in this series. Most of the series is made up of correspondence either to the Grove and Brother Store from satisfied customers (thanking them for gifts, discounts, etc) or small holiday cards and wedding invitations from other members of the community.","Series 2: Arthur Ashby Grove Correspondence, 1892-1932, deals with the correspondence received by Arthur Ashby Grove between 1892 and 1932. Some interesting items in this series include letters sent by family while he was away training with the national guard in Virginia Beach and Richmond, Virginia and in Brownsville, Texas  (dropping hints about potential brides in the area), some documents pertaining to military orders,inspections, some letters written in French, a letter from Anita telling Arthur about her first music pupil, letters from former comrades, and a letter written in 1922 from a Bulah Patterson that briefly asks Arthur's opinion on the Ku Klux Klan.","Series 3: Julia Anita Grove Correspondence, 1900-1932, deals with the correspondence received by Julia Anita Grove between the years 1900 and 1932. Most of the correspondence in this series come from family members and friends asking her about her travels and updating her on day-to-day activities in Luray. Examples of updates include a new \"Ford shop\" being built and their parents buying a new car, and an item of note is a souvenir folder from Rochester, New York that holds drawings of landmarks and facts about the city.","Series 4: Jessie Grove Hershberger Correspondence, 1903-1932, comprises correspondence received by Jessie Grove Hershberger between the years 1903 and 1932. Most of the correspondence is addressed to \"Mrs. William P. Hershberger\" or \"Jessie Grove.\" Some interesting items include a small note where Jessie and Harold are invited to a spelling bee and instructed to \"impersonate country school-children\" in 1907 and a letter from a friend named Lottie in which she recounts interactions with patients in a hospital and asks Jessie for relationship advice (telling Jessie to \"destroy the letter\" after reading it).","Series 5: Harold Elton Grove Correspondence, 1920-1932, includes correspondence received by Harold Elton Grove between the years 1920-1932. Much of the correspondence comprises postcards from his relatives, updating him on the weather and sights. Some of the postcards come from Wyoming, New York, and Atlantic City.","Series 6: Laura Brumback Grove Correspondence, 1886-1926, deals with correspondence received by Laura Brumback Grove between 1886 and 1926. Much of Laura's correspondence is from her children and step-children. Many of the envelopes are addressed not only to Laura but also to J.W (John William), but the greetings to these letters are always addressed to \"Mama\" or \"Aunt Laura.\" Most of the correspondence during 1924 are letters of condolences and sympathies after John William Grove's death.","Series 7: John William Grove Correspondence, 1890-1924, deals with correspondence received by John William Grove between 1890 and 1924. Much of the correspondence comprises marriage and graduation invitations, holiday cards, and two letters written in 1924: one from his wife Laura and the other from his daughter Jessie.","Series 8: Charles H. Grove Correspondence, 1891-1930, deals with correspondence received by Charles H. Grove between 1891 and 1930. As with his brother John, Charles's correspondence includes marriage announcements and graduation invitations, some letters from hotels asking for his business, and a couple of postcards from Anita telling him about her travels.","Series 9: Ephemera, 1887-1932, includes myriad ephemeral materials that were accumulated the Grove Family. The series is arranged alphabetically. Some items of note within this series include military ephemera (containing some transfer orders and programs to numerous military events); music education ephemera (which include sheet music and small booklets pertaining to the popular songs of the time); some photos of a storefront and two unidentified individuals; and travel brochures, maps, and promotional materials of Virginia and other locations.","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The Grove Family Papers, 1884-1932, consists of correspondence and ephemera from the Grove Family of Luray in Page County, Virginia.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Green Valley Auctions, Inc.","Grove family","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Grove Family Papers, 1884/1932"],"collection_ssim":["Grove Family Papers, 1884/1932"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0292","/repositories/4/resources/607"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0292","/repositories/4/resources/607"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"geogname_ssm":["Page County (Va.) -- History","Page County (Va.) -- Genealogy","Page County (Va.) -- Social life and customs","Luray (Va.) -- History"],"geogname_ssim":["Page County (Va.) -- History","Page County (Va.) -- Genealogy","Page County (Va.) -- Social life and customs","Luray (Va.) -- History"],"places_ssim":["Page County (Va.) -- History","Page County (Va.) -- Genealogy","Page County (Va.) -- Social life and customs","Luray (Va.) -- History"],"creator_ssm":["Grove family","Green Valley Auctions, Inc."],"creator_ssim":["Grove family","Green Valley Auctions, Inc."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Green Valley Auctions, Inc."],"creator_famname_ssim":["Grove family"],"creators_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Green Valley Auctions, Inc.","Grove family"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was acquired at the Large Antiques and Firearms Estate auction held by Green Valley Auctions on January 16, 2018."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Letters (correspondence)","Christmas cards","Printed Ephemera","Newspaper clippings","Photographs","Advertisements","Pamphlets","Family papers"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Letters (correspondence)","Christmas cards","Printed Ephemera","Newspaper clippings","Photographs","Advertisements","Pamphlets","Family papers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["6.93 cubic feet 21 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["6.93 cubic feet 21 boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["Letters (correspondence)","Christmas cards","Printed Ephemera","Newspaper clippings","Photographs","Advertisements","Pamphlets","Family papers"],"date_range_isim":[1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged in nine series, with the first eight series comprising family correspondence, arranged by recipient and chronologically. Series 9 consists of ephemera accumulated by the family and is arranged alphabetically.\u003c/p\u003e    ","\u003clist numeration=\"arabic\" type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eGrove Family Correspondence, 1884-1932\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eArthur Ashby Grove Correspondence, 1892-1932\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eJulia Anita Grove Correspondence, 1900-1932\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eJessie Grove Hershberger Correspondence, 1903-1932\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eHarold Elton Grove Correspondence, 1920-1932\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eLaura Brumback Grove Correspondence, 1886-1926\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eJohn William Grove Correspondence, 1890-1924\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eCharles H. Grove Correspondence, 1891-1930\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eEphemera, 1887-1932\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged in nine series, with the first eight series comprising family correspondence, arranged by recipient and chronologically. Series 9 consists of ephemera accumulated by the family and is arranged alphabetically.","Grove Family Correspondence, 1884-1932\n      Arthur Ashby Grove Correspondence, 1892-1932\n      Julia Anita Grove Correspondence, 1900-1932\n      Jessie Grove Hershberger Correspondence, 1903-1932\n      Harold Elton Grove Correspondence, 1920-1932\n      Laura Brumback Grove Correspondence, 1886-1926\n      John William Grove Correspondence, 1890-1924\n      Charles H. Grove Correspondence, 1891-1930\n      Ephemera, 1887-1932"],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cbibref\u003e\"Corp John William Grove (1844-1924) - Find A Grave...\" Find A Grave. Accessed June 11, 2019. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/8423540/john-william-grove.\u003c/bibref\u003e\n    ","\u003cbibref\u003e\"Women's College Finals This Week.\" Times Dispatch (Richmond, VA), May 23, 1910. https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85038615/1910-05-23/ed-1/seq-12/#date1=1900\u0026amp;index=1\u0026amp;date2=1930\u0026amp;searchType=advanced\u0026amp;language=\u0026amp;sequence=0\u0026amp;words=Anita+Grove\u0026amp;proxdistance=5\u0026amp;state=Virginia\u0026amp;rows=20\u0026amp;ortext=\u0026amp;proxtext=Anita+Grove\u0026amp;phrasetext=\u0026amp;andtext=\u0026amp;dateFilterType=yearRange\u0026amp;page=1\u003c/bibref\u003e\n  "],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["\"Corp John William Grove (1844-1924) - Find A Grave...\" Find A Grave. Accessed June 11, 2019. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/8423540/john-william-grove.","\"Women's College Finals This Week.\" Times Dispatch (Richmond, VA), May 23, 1910. https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85038615/1910-05-23/ed-1/seq-12/#date1=1900\u0026index=1\u0026date2=1930\u0026searchType=advanced\u0026language=\u0026sequence=0\u0026words=Anita+Grove\u0026proxdistance=5\u0026state=Virginia\u0026rows=20\u0026ortext=\u0026proxtext=Anita+Grove\u0026phrasetext=\u0026andtext=\u0026dateFilterType=yearRange\u0026page=1"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJohn William Grove was born December 16, 1844, in Luray, Page County, Virginia. As an adult, he served as a Corporal with the Confederate Army from 1863-1865 as part of the 35th Battalion of the Virginia Cavalry until being paroled from the army on May 8, 1865. He then married Eliza Jane Koontz (1850-1871) in 1869 and had two children: Ella Grove (1870-1932) and William Wallace Grove (1872-1874). After Eliza's death on October 19, 1871, John William Grove married Laura Ann Brumback (1851-1926), and had four children with her: Arthur Ashby Grove (1883 - 1940), Jessimine \"Jessie\" Lee Grove (1887 - 1966), Harold Elton Grove (1889 - 1970), and Julia Anita Grove (1892 - 1976). In the mid-1880s, John William Grove opened the Grove and Brothers store with his brother Charles H. Grove (1849 –1925) in Luray. John William Grove's sons Arthur and Harold took over the store after their father's  death in August 1924.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArthur, often addressed as A. A. Grove, was a member of the National Guard and veteran of World War I, having fought in France as part of the 116th Infantry, 29th Division. He was also an active member of the community, participating in the Luray Rotary Club, the Summers-Koontz Camp No. 490, Sons of Confederate Veterans, and others. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAfter receiving her bachelor's degree in music from Vassar College in 1910, Julia \"Anita\" Grove became a music teacher and spent several months almost every year traveling throughout the United States visiting relatives (e.g., cousins, extended family) and friends of the family or friends from her time at school. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJessie Grove married William Pendleton Hershberger on January 28, 1919.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Bio/Historical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["John William Grove was born December 16, 1844, in Luray, Page County, Virginia. As an adult, he served as a Corporal with the Confederate Army from 1863-1865 as part of the 35th Battalion of the Virginia Cavalry until being paroled from the army on May 8, 1865. He then married Eliza Jane Koontz (1850-1871) in 1869 and had two children: Ella Grove (1870-1932) and William Wallace Grove (1872-1874). After Eliza's death on October 19, 1871, John William Grove married Laura Ann Brumback (1851-1926), and had four children with her: Arthur Ashby Grove (1883 - 1940), Jessimine \"Jessie\" Lee Grove (1887 - 1966), Harold Elton Grove (1889 - 1970), and Julia Anita Grove (1892 - 1976). In the mid-1880s, John William Grove opened the Grove and Brothers store with his brother Charles H. Grove (1849 –1925) in Luray. John William Grove's sons Arthur and Harold took over the store after their father's  death in August 1924.","Arthur, often addressed as A. A. Grove, was a member of the National Guard and veteran of World War I, having fought in France as part of the 116th Infantry, 29th Division. He was also an active member of the community, participating in the Luray Rotary Club, the Summers-Koontz Camp No. 490, Sons of Confederate Veterans, and others.","After receiving her bachelor's degree in music from Vassar College in 1910, Julia \"Anita\" Grove became a music teacher and spent several months almost every year traveling throughout the United States visiting relatives (e.g., cousins, extended family) and friends of the family or friends from her time at school.","Jessie Grove married William Pendleton Hershberger on January 28, 1919."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Grove Family Papers, 1884-1932, SC 0292, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Grove Family Papers, 1884-1932, SC 0292, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDuplicates of brochures in the ephemera were discarded as well as blank envelopes or sheets of paper found amidst the correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Duplicates of brochures in the ephemera were discarded as well as blank envelopes or sheets of paper found amidst the correspondence."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Grove Family Papers, 1884-1932, consist of 21 boxes, primarily comprising family correspondence. The bulk of the collection is made up of family correspondence and the rest is made up of ephemera collected by the family. The correspondence is mainly letters sent to the group or individual indicated by the series, with the bulk of the correspondence in this collection being letters sent to Arthur and Julia Grove. Most of the letters concern updates concerning other family members and the community. Much of the collection consists of holiday cards sent to all members of the Grove Family over the years.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1: Grove Family Correspondence, 1884-1932, comprises correspondence that is either addressed to the Grove Family or correspondence for which there is no discernable individual family member that is the sender. Correspondence addressed to Elizabeth P. Barry, a friend of Julia and Jessie Grove, is included in this series. Most of the series is made up of correspondence either to the Grove and Brother Store from satisfied customers (thanking them for gifts, discounts, etc) or small holiday cards and wedding invitations from other members of the community.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2: Arthur Ashby Grove Correspondence, 1892-1932, deals with the correspondence received by Arthur Ashby Grove between 1892 and 1932. Some interesting items in this series include letters sent by family while he was away training with the national guard in Virginia Beach and Richmond, Virginia and in Brownsville, Texas  (dropping hints about potential brides in the area), some documents pertaining to military orders,inspections, some letters written in French, a letter from Anita telling Arthur about her first music pupil, letters from former comrades, and a letter written in 1922 from a Bulah Patterson that briefly asks Arthur's opinion on the Ku Klux Klan.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 3: Julia Anita Grove Correspondence, 1900-1932, deals with the correspondence received by Julia Anita Grove between the years 1900 and 1932. Most of the correspondence in this series come from family members and friends asking her about her travels and updating her on day-to-day activities in Luray. Examples of updates include a new \"Ford shop\" being built and their parents buying a new car, and an item of note is a souvenir folder from Rochester, New York that holds drawings of landmarks and facts about the city.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 4: Jessie Grove Hershberger Correspondence, 1903-1932, comprises correspondence received by Jessie Grove Hershberger between the years 1903 and 1932. Most of the correspondence is addressed to \"Mrs. William P. Hershberger\" or \"Jessie Grove.\" Some interesting items include a small note where Jessie and Harold are invited to a spelling bee and instructed to \"impersonate country school-children\" in 1907 and a letter from a friend named Lottie in which she recounts interactions with patients in a hospital and asks Jessie for relationship advice (telling Jessie to \"destroy the letter\" after reading it).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 5: Harold Elton Grove Correspondence, 1920-1932, includes correspondence received by Harold Elton Grove between the years 1920-1932. Much of the correspondence comprises postcards from his relatives, updating him on the weather and sights. Some of the postcards come from Wyoming, New York, and Atlantic City.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 6: Laura Brumback Grove Correspondence, 1886-1926, deals with correspondence received by Laura Brumback Grove between 1886 and 1926. Much of Laura's correspondence is from her children and step-children. Many of the envelopes are addressed not only to Laura but also to J.W (John William), but the greetings to these letters are always addressed to \"Mama\" or \"Aunt Laura.\" Most of the correspondence during 1924 are letters of condolences and sympathies after John William Grove's death.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 7: John William Grove Correspondence, 1890-1924, deals with correspondence received by John William Grove between 1890 and 1924. Much of the correspondence comprises marriage and graduation invitations, holiday cards, and two letters written in 1924: one from his wife Laura and the other from his daughter Jessie.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 8: Charles H. Grove Correspondence, 1891-1930, deals with correspondence received by Charles H. Grove between 1891 and 1930. As with his brother John, Charles's correspondence includes marriage announcements and graduation invitations, some letters from hotels asking for his business, and a couple of postcards from Anita telling him about her travels.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 9: Ephemera, 1887-1932, includes myriad ephemeral materials that were accumulated the Grove Family. The series is arranged alphabetically. Some items of note within this series include military ephemera (containing some transfer orders and programs to numerous military events); music education ephemera (which include sheet music and small booklets pertaining to the popular songs of the time); some photos of a storefront and two unidentified individuals; and travel brochures, maps, and promotional materials of Virginia and other locations.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Grove Family Papers, 1884-1932, consist of 21 boxes, primarily comprising family correspondence. The bulk of the collection is made up of family correspondence and the rest is made up of ephemera collected by the family. The correspondence is mainly letters sent to the group or individual indicated by the series, with the bulk of the correspondence in this collection being letters sent to Arthur and Julia Grove. Most of the letters concern updates concerning other family members and the community. Much of the collection consists of holiday cards sent to all members of the Grove Family over the years.","Series 1: Grove Family Correspondence, 1884-1932, comprises correspondence that is either addressed to the Grove Family or correspondence for which there is no discernable individual family member that is the sender. Correspondence addressed to Elizabeth P. Barry, a friend of Julia and Jessie Grove, is included in this series. Most of the series is made up of correspondence either to the Grove and Brother Store from satisfied customers (thanking them for gifts, discounts, etc) or small holiday cards and wedding invitations from other members of the community.","Series 2: Arthur Ashby Grove Correspondence, 1892-1932, deals with the correspondence received by Arthur Ashby Grove between 1892 and 1932. Some interesting items in this series include letters sent by family while he was away training with the national guard in Virginia Beach and Richmond, Virginia and in Brownsville, Texas  (dropping hints about potential brides in the area), some documents pertaining to military orders,inspections, some letters written in French, a letter from Anita telling Arthur about her first music pupil, letters from former comrades, and a letter written in 1922 from a Bulah Patterson that briefly asks Arthur's opinion on the Ku Klux Klan.","Series 3: Julia Anita Grove Correspondence, 1900-1932, deals with the correspondence received by Julia Anita Grove between the years 1900 and 1932. Most of the correspondence in this series come from family members and friends asking her about her travels and updating her on day-to-day activities in Luray. Examples of updates include a new \"Ford shop\" being built and their parents buying a new car, and an item of note is a souvenir folder from Rochester, New York that holds drawings of landmarks and facts about the city.","Series 4: Jessie Grove Hershberger Correspondence, 1903-1932, comprises correspondence received by Jessie Grove Hershberger between the years 1903 and 1932. Most of the correspondence is addressed to \"Mrs. William P. Hershberger\" or \"Jessie Grove.\" Some interesting items include a small note where Jessie and Harold are invited to a spelling bee and instructed to \"impersonate country school-children\" in 1907 and a letter from a friend named Lottie in which she recounts interactions with patients in a hospital and asks Jessie for relationship advice (telling Jessie to \"destroy the letter\" after reading it).","Series 5: Harold Elton Grove Correspondence, 1920-1932, includes correspondence received by Harold Elton Grove between the years 1920-1932. Much of the correspondence comprises postcards from his relatives, updating him on the weather and sights. Some of the postcards come from Wyoming, New York, and Atlantic City.","Series 6: Laura Brumback Grove Correspondence, 1886-1926, deals with correspondence received by Laura Brumback Grove between 1886 and 1926. Much of Laura's correspondence is from her children and step-children. Many of the envelopes are addressed not only to Laura but also to J.W (John William), but the greetings to these letters are always addressed to \"Mama\" or \"Aunt Laura.\" Most of the correspondence during 1924 are letters of condolences and sympathies after John William Grove's death.","Series 7: John William Grove Correspondence, 1890-1924, deals with correspondence received by John William Grove between 1890 and 1924. Much of the correspondence comprises marriage and graduation invitations, holiday cards, and two letters written in 1924: one from his wife Laura and the other from his daughter Jessie.","Series 8: Charles H. Grove Correspondence, 1891-1930, deals with correspondence received by Charles H. Grove between 1891 and 1930. As with his brother John, Charles's correspondence includes marriage announcements and graduation invitations, some letters from hotels asking for his business, and a couple of postcards from Anita telling him about her travels.","Series 9: Ephemera, 1887-1932, includes myriad ephemeral materials that were accumulated the Grove Family. The series is arranged alphabetically. Some items of note within this series include military ephemera (containing some transfer orders and programs to numerous military events); music education ephemera (which include sheet music and small booklets pertaining to the popular songs of the time); some photos of a storefront and two unidentified individuals; and travel brochures, maps, and promotional materials of Virginia and other locations."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_70d4f8e3bc520142513304c7c53c614f\"\u003eThe Grove Family Papers, 1884-1932, consists of correspondence and ephemera from the Grove Family of Luray in Page County, Virginia.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The Grove Family Papers, 1884-1932, consists of correspondence and ephemera from the Grove Family of Luray in Page County, Virginia."],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Green Valley Auctions, Inc."],"names_coll_ssim":["Green Valley Auctions, Inc."],"famname_ssim":["Grove family"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Green Valley Auctions, Inc.","Grove family"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":255,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:57:53.919Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_607_c03"}},{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_683_c03","type":"Series","attributes":{"title":"Kenneth J. Weaver - Virginia Mennonites, 1835/2012, bulk 1969/2012","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_683_c03#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eIn Search of Faithfulness by Glendon L. Blosser\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_683_c03#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_683_c03","ref_ssm":["vihart_repositories_4_resources_683_c03"],"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_683_c03","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_683","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_683","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_683","parent_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_683","parent_ssim":["History Harvest collection of digitized images of religious materials, 1880/2012"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vihart_repositories_4_resources_683"],"title_filing_ssi":"Kenneth J. Weaver - Virginia Mennonites","title_ssm":["Kenneth J. Weaver - Virginia Mennonites"],"title_tesim":["Kenneth J. Weaver - Virginia Mennonites"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Kenneth J. Weaver - Virginia Mennonites, 1835/2012, bulk 1969/2012"],"text":["Kenneth J. Weaver - Virginia Mennonites, 1835/2012, bulk 1969/2012","History Harvest collection of digitized images of religious materials, 1880/2012","In Search of Faithfulness by Glendon L. Blosser","People of Peace by Gloria Y. Diener","Introduction to Virginia Mennonite Conference (VMC)","Letter from VMC Officer","Brochure identifying VMC current stance as a service organization","VA Mennonite Missions – 1919-1969, \"Holding Forth the Word of Life\"","Enlarging the Borders, 150 Years of Expansion by E. Richard Good (published 1985)","Conference minutes - Copies of the first recorded minutes from 1835, containing both the original German and a translation","Shenandoah Mennonite Historians' newsletters","Winter 2012, with lists of all Mennonite groups in VA","Spring 2012, a sample of the type of historical reporting by this group","Brochures for Breneman Turner-Mill, owned by Valley Brethren-Mennonite Heritage Center","Congregational Histories","1936-1986 Harrisonburg Mennonite Church, \"Glimpses of our Past\" 50th anniversary celebration, November 15 and 16, 1986","75th anniversary/75 year history of Harrisonburg Mennonite Church","Samples of brochures about VMC 2012 activities","March 2012 of \"Connections\", VMC Newsletter","Announcement for VMC's 2012 Annual Assembly"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["History Harvest collection of digitized images of religious materials, 1880/2012"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["History Harvest collection of digitized images of religious materials, 1880/2012"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1835/2012, bulk 1969/2012"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1835-2012"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1969-2012"],"level_ssm":["Series"],"level_ssim":["Series"],"component_level_isim":[1],"sort_isi":3,"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"collection_ssim":["History Harvest collection of digitized images of religious materials, 1880/2012"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact research services staff at library-special@jmu.edu before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Copyright is retained by the creator(s) and their heirs for materials they have authored or otherwise produced that reside in this collection. Copyright status for other collection materials is unknown. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the written permission of the copyright owners. Works not in the public domain cannot be commercially exploited without permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for any use rests exclusively with the user. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"date_range_isim":[1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn Search of Faithfulness by Glendon L. Blosser\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePeople of Peace by Gloria Y. Diener\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIntroduction to Virginia Mennonite Conference (VMC)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter from VMC Officer\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBrochure identifying VMC current stance as a service organization\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVA Mennonite Missions – 1919-1969, \"Holding Forth the Word of Life\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEnlarging the Borders, 150 Years of Expansion by E. Richard Good (published 1985)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eConference minutes - Copies of the first recorded minutes from 1835, containing both the original German and a translation\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eShenandoah Mennonite Historians' newsletters\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWinter 2012, with lists of all Mennonite groups in VA\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSpring 2012, a sample of the type of historical reporting by this group\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBrochures for Breneman Turner-Mill, owned by Valley Brethren-Mennonite Heritage Center\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCongregational Histories\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1936-1986 Harrisonburg Mennonite Church, \"Glimpses of our Past\" 50th anniversary celebration, November 15 and 16, 1986\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e75th anniversary/75 year history of Harrisonburg Mennonite Church\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSamples of brochures about VMC 2012 activities\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 2012 of \"Connections\", VMC Newsletter\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAnnouncement for VMC's 2012 Annual Assembly\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["In Search of Faithfulness by Glendon L. Blosser","People of Peace by Gloria Y. Diener","Introduction to Virginia Mennonite Conference (VMC)","Letter from VMC Officer","Brochure identifying VMC current stance as a service organization","VA Mennonite Missions – 1919-1969, \"Holding Forth the Word of Life\"","Enlarging the Borders, 150 Years of Expansion by E. Richard Good (published 1985)","Conference minutes - Copies of the first recorded minutes from 1835, containing both the original German and a translation","Shenandoah Mennonite Historians' newsletters","Winter 2012, with lists of all Mennonite groups in VA","Spring 2012, a sample of the type of historical reporting by this group","Brochures for Breneman Turner-Mill, owned by Valley Brethren-Mennonite Heritage Center","Congregational Histories","1936-1986 Harrisonburg Mennonite Church, \"Glimpses of our Past\" 50th anniversary celebration, November 15 and 16, 1986","75th anniversary/75 year history of Harrisonburg Mennonite Church","Samples of brochures about VMC 2012 activities","March 2012 of \"Connections\", VMC Newsletter","Announcement for VMC's 2012 Annual Assembly"],"_nest_path_":"/components#2","timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:57:53.919Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_683","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_683","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_683","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_683","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_683.xml","title_ssm":["History Harvest collection of digitized images of religious materials"],"title_tesim":["History Harvest collection of digitized images of religious materials"],"unitdate_ssm":["1880-2012"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1880-2012"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1880/2012"],"normalized_title_ssm":["History Harvest collection of digitized images of religious materials, 1880/2012"],"text":["History Harvest collection of digitized images of religious materials, 1880/2012","SC 0208","Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact research services staff at library-special@jmu.edu before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","The collection is available online through JMU's Madison Digital Image Database (MDID). High-quality TIFF versions of many of these images are available in Special Collections. There is no physical access to the original materials.","Collection is arranged into the following seven series according to History Harvest participant donor name and the subject of each donor's material contribution:","William Ney - Beth El Congregation\n      Martha Dofflemyer - Elkton Presbyterian Church\n      Kenneth J. Weaver - Virginia Mennonites\n      Jane Desper - White Hill Church of the Brethren\n      Esther Yoder Stenson - Amish Church\n      James Good – Mennonites\n      Harold E. Huber","Digital images within this collection were produced as part of a 2012 \"History Harvest\" event. Students within the spring 2012 course, \"Introduction to U.S. Religious History,\" taught by history professor, Dr. Andrew Witmer, planned and conducted a \"History Harvest\" as part of their course requirements. The purpose of the event was to gather and digitize items of religious significance from across the Shenandoah Valley. Community members were invited to East Campus Library (now Rose Library) from 10am to 2pm on Saturday, April 14, 2012 to share their items. The following excerpt from Dr. Witmer's syllabus describes the event: \"Within the new field of digital history, historians have pioneered an innovative approach to collecting and studying the past. This class will adapt a model recently developed at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln and work with JMU Special Collections to organize and host our own History Harvest. This event invites community members to share their records related to the religious history of Virginia and the Shenandoah Valley for digital preservation and study by our class and future scholars. In regular consultation with the professor and Special Collections Librarian, students will use their skills and creativity to plan the History Harvest.\"","All original materials were retained by the donors.","Under the direction of Dr. Andrew Witmer, students in the spring 2012 course, Introduction to U.S. Religious History, in partnership with Special Collections, worked to compile a digital collection of local religious artifacts. The class hosted a \"History Harvest\" in which local community members brought in items of religious significance to be digitized.","Digital images in this collection were created by students who digitized materials during the April 14, 2012 History Harvest event, or digitization took place throughout 2012 for the items that were loaned to Special Collections after the History Harvest for scanning. Content in the collection includes digital images of a variety of religous artifacts, including historic pamphlets and photographs from various churches in the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia.","Donors were interviewed on site by students for background information about their items, which is reflected in the item descriptions in the collection inventory.","This series contains information about the Beth El Congregation. The items in this series tell the history of the Beth El Temple through photographs, manuscript, and newspapers, and were brought in from the temple archives.","contains information about Elkton Presbyterian Church.","--Photographs","Church (inside and outside)","Pastors","Advent wreath","Church Directory (Undated)","Church publications","\"Celebrating 100 years of God's Love and Faithfulness: Elkton Presbyterian Church 1899-1999\" (1999)","\"Chrismons – An Explanation of the Symbols on the Chrismon Tree at Elkton Presbyterian Church, Elkton, Virginia\" (December, 2001)","Letters","Weekly Bulletin 2012","Brochures","Scans of newspaper articles","In Search of Faithfulness by Glendon L. Blosser","People of Peace by Gloria Y. Diener","Introduction to Virginia Mennonite Conference (VMC)","Letter from VMC Officer","Brochure identifying VMC current stance as a service organization","VA Mennonite Missions – 1919-1969, \"Holding Forth the Word of Life\"","Enlarging the Borders, 150 Years of Expansion by E. Richard Good (published 1985)","Conference minutes - Copies of the first recorded minutes from 1835, containing both the original German and a translation","Shenandoah Mennonite Historians' newsletters","Winter 2012, with lists of all Mennonite groups in VA","Spring 2012, a sample of the type of historical reporting by this group","Brochures for Breneman Turner-Mill, owned by Valley Brethren-Mennonite Heritage Center","Congregational Histories","1936-1986 Harrisonburg Mennonite Church, \"Glimpses of our Past\" 50th anniversary celebration, November 15 and 16, 1986","75th anniversary/75 year history of Harrisonburg Mennonite Church","Samples of brochures about VMC 2012 activities","March 2012 of \"Connections\", VMC Newsletter","Announcement for VMC's 2012 Annual Assembly","Photocopied documents (1901-2001) concerning White Hill Church, detailing the church's original establishment, lists previous pastors with photographs, and also lists of donors and amount donated.","Images taken of clothes: black cap, white organdy cap and apron, white cap, black bonnet, beach bonnet cap","German prayer book","Reprint of Mennonite Historical Bulletin article","Military Induction of Christian Good","Christian Good Virginia Militia Muster Roll","Photograph of White House, south of Luray, VA","The following published monographs were donated to Special Collections and have been cataloged as part of Special Collections' rare book holdings.\nDonated by Elwood Yoder:\n\nYoder, Elwood E. We're Marching to Zion: A History of Zion Mennonite Church, Broadway, Virginia, 1885-2010. Harrisonburg, Virginia: printed by Custom Printing, 2010.\nYoder, Elwood E. The Bishop's Letters: The Writings, Life, and Times of Virginia Mennonite Bishop Martin Burkholder, 1817-1860. Harrisonburg, Virginia: Shenandoah Valley Mennonite Historians, 2011.\n\nDonated by Frances Scruby:\n\nEmmanuel Church. One Hundred Years Serving Our Lord: Emmanuel Episcopal Church Greenwood, Albemarle County, Virginia. Preface by Langhorne Gibson Jr., 1960.\nScruby, Frances. Neve: Virginia's Thousandfold Man. Charlottesville, Virginia: Pietas Publications, 2010.","Copyright is retained by the creator(s) and their heirs for materials they have authored or otherwise produced that reside in this collection. Copyright status for other collection materials is unknown. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the written permission of the copyright owners. Works not in the public domain cannot be commercially exploited without permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for any use rests exclusively with the user. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Collection consists of digitized images of religious artifacts and printed materials lent for scanning by members of the local community during a spring 2012 \"History Harvest\" led by JMU history professor Dr. Andrew Witmer and the students of \"Introduction to Religious History.\"","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Witmer, Andrew (Andrew Daryl) (1976-)","English\n,       German\n."],"collection_title_tesim":["History Harvest collection of digitized images of religious materials, 1880/2012"],"collection_ssim":["History Harvest collection of digitized images of religious materials, 1880/2012"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0208"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0208"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"creator_ssm":["Witmer, Andrew (Andrew Daryl) (1976-)"],"creator_ssim":["Witmer, Andrew (Andrew Daryl) (1976-)"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Witmer, Andrew (Andrew Daryl) (1976-)"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections"],"creators_ssim":["Witmer, Andrew (Andrew Daryl) (1976-)","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections"],"access_terms_ssm":["Copyright is retained by the creator(s) and their heirs for materials they have authored or otherwise produced that reside in this collection. Copyright status for other collection materials is unknown. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the written permission of the copyright owners. Works not in the public domain cannot be commercially exploited without permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for any use rests exclusively with the user. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["5.8 Gigabytes"],"extent_tesim":["5.8 Gigabytes"],"date_range_isim":[1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact research services staff at library-special@jmu.edu before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact research services staff at library-special@jmu.edu before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is available online through JMU's \u003cextref type=\"simple\" actuate=\"onRequest\" show=\"new\" href=\"https://mdid.lib.jmu.edu/explore/browse/77/history-harvest-2012/?f=14\"\u003eMadison Digital Image Database (MDID)\u003c/extref\u003e. High-quality TIFF versions of many of these images are available in Special Collections. There is no physical access to the original materials.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Existence and Location of Copies"],"altformavail_tesim":["The collection is available online through JMU's Madison Digital Image Database (MDID). High-quality TIFF versions of many of these images are available in Special Collections. There is no physical access to the original materials."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is arranged into the following seven series according to History Harvest participant donor name and the subject of each donor's material contribution:\u003c/p\u003e    ","\u003clist numeration=\"arabic\" type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eWilliam Ney - Beth El Congregation\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eMartha Dofflemyer - Elkton Presbyterian Church\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eKenneth J. Weaver - Virginia Mennonites\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eJane Desper - White Hill Church of the Brethren\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eEsther Yoder Stenson - Amish Church\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eJames Good – Mennonites\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eHarold E. Huber\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Collection is arranged into the following seven series according to History Harvest participant donor name and the subject of each donor's material contribution:","William Ney - Beth El Congregation\n      Martha Dofflemyer - Elkton Presbyterian Church\n      Kenneth J. Weaver - Virginia Mennonites\n      Jane Desper - White Hill Church of the Brethren\n      Esther Yoder Stenson - Amish Church\n      James Good – Mennonites\n      Harold E. Huber"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDigital images within this collection were produced as part of a 2012 \"History Harvest\" event. Students within the spring 2012 course, \"Introduction to U.S. Religious History,\" taught by history professor, Dr. Andrew Witmer, planned and conducted a \"History Harvest\" as part of their course requirements. The purpose of the event was to gather and digitize items of religious significance from across the Shenandoah Valley. Community members were invited to East Campus Library (now Rose Library) from 10am to 2pm on Saturday, April 14, 2012 to share their items. The following excerpt from Dr. Witmer's syllabus describes the event: \"Within the new field of digital history, historians have pioneered an innovative approach to collecting and studying the past. This class will adapt a model recently developed at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln and work with JMU Special Collections to organize and host our own History Harvest. This event invites community members to share their records related to the religious history of Virginia and the Shenandoah Valley for digital preservation and study by our class and future scholars. In regular consultation with the professor and Special Collections Librarian, students will use their skills and creativity to plan the History Harvest.\"\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Collection Context"],"bioghist_tesim":["Digital images within this collection were produced as part of a 2012 \"History Harvest\" event. Students within the spring 2012 course, \"Introduction to U.S. Religious History,\" taught by history professor, Dr. Andrew Witmer, planned and conducted a \"History Harvest\" as part of their course requirements. The purpose of the event was to gather and digitize items of religious significance from across the Shenandoah Valley. Community members were invited to East Campus Library (now Rose Library) from 10am to 2pm on Saturday, April 14, 2012 to share their items. The following excerpt from Dr. Witmer's syllabus describes the event: \"Within the new field of digital history, historians have pioneered an innovative approach to collecting and studying the past. This class will adapt a model recently developed at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln and work with JMU Special Collections to organize and host our own History Harvest. This event invites community members to share their records related to the religious history of Virginia and the Shenandoah Valley for digital preservation and study by our class and future scholars. In regular consultation with the professor and Special Collections Librarian, students will use their skills and creativity to plan the History Harvest.\""],"originalsloc_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAll original materials were retained by the donors.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"originalsloc_heading_ssm":["Existence and Location of Originals"],"originalsloc_tesim":["All original materials were retained by the donors."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], History Harvest collection of digitized images of religious materials, 1880-2012, SC 0208, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], History Harvest collection of digitized images of religious materials, 1880-2012, SC 0208, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eUnder the direction of Dr. Andrew Witmer, students in the spring 2012 course, Introduction to U.S. Religious History, in partnership with Special Collections, worked to compile a digital collection of local religious artifacts. The class hosted a \"History Harvest\" in which local community members brought in items of religious significance to be digitized.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDigital images in this collection were created by students who digitized materials during the April 14, 2012 History Harvest event, or digitization took place throughout 2012 for the items that were loaned to Special Collections after the History Harvest for scanning. Content in the collection includes digital images of a variety of religous artifacts, including historic pamphlets and photographs from various churches in the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDonors were interviewed on site by students for background information about their items, which is reflected in the item descriptions in the collection inventory.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eThis series contains information about the Beth El Congregation. The items in this series tell the history of the Beth El Temple through photographs, manuscript, and newspapers, and were brought in from the temple archives.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003econtains information about Elkton Presbyterian Church.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e--Photographs\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eChurch (inside and outside)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePastors\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAdvent wreath\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eChurch Directory (Undated)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eChurch publications\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Celebrating 100 years of God's Love and Faithfulness: Elkton Presbyterian Church 1899-1999\" (1999)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Chrismons – An Explanation of the Symbols on the Chrismon Tree at Elkton Presbyterian Church, Elkton, Virginia\" (December, 2001)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWeekly Bulletin 2012\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBrochures\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScans of newspaper articles\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn Search of Faithfulness by Glendon L. Blosser\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePeople of Peace by Gloria Y. Diener\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIntroduction to Virginia Mennonite Conference (VMC)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter from VMC Officer\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBrochure identifying VMC current stance as a service organization\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVA Mennonite Missions – 1919-1969, \"Holding Forth the Word of Life\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEnlarging the Borders, 150 Years of Expansion by E. Richard Good (published 1985)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eConference minutes - Copies of the first recorded minutes from 1835, containing both the original German and a translation\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eShenandoah Mennonite Historians' newsletters\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWinter 2012, with lists of all Mennonite groups in VA\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSpring 2012, a sample of the type of historical reporting by this group\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBrochures for Breneman Turner-Mill, owned by Valley Brethren-Mennonite Heritage Center\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCongregational Histories\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1936-1986 Harrisonburg Mennonite Church, \"Glimpses of our Past\" 50th anniversary celebration, November 15 and 16, 1986\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e75th anniversary/75 year history of Harrisonburg Mennonite Church\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSamples of brochures about VMC 2012 activities\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 2012 of \"Connections\", VMC Newsletter\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAnnouncement for VMC's 2012 Annual Assembly\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePhotocopied documents (1901-2001) concerning White Hill Church, detailing the church's original establishment, lists previous pastors with photographs, and also lists of donors and amount donated.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eImages taken of clothes: black cap, white organdy cap and apron, white cap, black bonnet, beach bonnet cap\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGerman prayer book\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReprint of Mennonite Historical Bulletin article\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMilitary Induction of Christian Good\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eChristian Good Virginia Militia Muster Roll\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePhotograph of White House, south of Luray, VA\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Under the direction of Dr. Andrew Witmer, students in the spring 2012 course, Introduction to U.S. Religious History, in partnership with Special Collections, worked to compile a digital collection of local religious artifacts. The class hosted a \"History Harvest\" in which local community members brought in items of religious significance to be digitized.","Digital images in this collection were created by students who digitized materials during the April 14, 2012 History Harvest event, or digitization took place throughout 2012 for the items that were loaned to Special Collections after the History Harvest for scanning. Content in the collection includes digital images of a variety of religous artifacts, including historic pamphlets and photographs from various churches in the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia.","Donors were interviewed on site by students for background information about their items, which is reflected in the item descriptions in the collection inventory.","This series contains information about the Beth El Congregation. The items in this series tell the history of the Beth El Temple through photographs, manuscript, and newspapers, and were brought in from the temple archives.","contains information about Elkton Presbyterian Church.","--Photographs","Church (inside and outside)","Pastors","Advent wreath","Church Directory (Undated)","Church publications","\"Celebrating 100 years of God's Love and Faithfulness: Elkton Presbyterian Church 1899-1999\" (1999)","\"Chrismons – An Explanation of the Symbols on the Chrismon Tree at Elkton Presbyterian Church, Elkton, Virginia\" (December, 2001)","Letters","Weekly Bulletin 2012","Brochures","Scans of newspaper articles","In Search of Faithfulness by Glendon L. Blosser","People of Peace by Gloria Y. Diener","Introduction to Virginia Mennonite Conference (VMC)","Letter from VMC Officer","Brochure identifying VMC current stance as a service organization","VA Mennonite Missions – 1919-1969, \"Holding Forth the Word of Life\"","Enlarging the Borders, 150 Years of Expansion by E. Richard Good (published 1985)","Conference minutes - Copies of the first recorded minutes from 1835, containing both the original German and a translation","Shenandoah Mennonite Historians' newsletters","Winter 2012, with lists of all Mennonite groups in VA","Spring 2012, a sample of the type of historical reporting by this group","Brochures for Breneman Turner-Mill, owned by Valley Brethren-Mennonite Heritage Center","Congregational Histories","1936-1986 Harrisonburg Mennonite Church, \"Glimpses of our Past\" 50th anniversary celebration, November 15 and 16, 1986","75th anniversary/75 year history of Harrisonburg Mennonite Church","Samples of brochures about VMC 2012 activities","March 2012 of \"Connections\", VMC Newsletter","Announcement for VMC's 2012 Annual Assembly","Photocopied documents (1901-2001) concerning White Hill Church, detailing the church's original establishment, lists previous pastors with photographs, and also lists of donors and amount donated.","Images taken of clothes: black cap, white organdy cap and apron, white cap, black bonnet, beach bonnet cap","German prayer book","Reprint of Mennonite Historical Bulletin article","Military Induction of Christian Good","Christian Good Virginia Militia Muster Roll","Photograph of White House, south of Luray, VA"],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe following published monographs were donated to Special Collections and have been cataloged as part of Special Collections' rare book holdings.\u003cbr\u003e\nDonated by Elwood Yoder:\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eYoder, Elwood E. We're Marching to Zion: A History of Zion Mennonite Church, Broadway, Virginia, 1885-2010. Harrisonburg, Virginia: printed by Custom Printing, 2010.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eYoder, Elwood E. The Bishop's Letters: The Writings, Life, and Times of Virginia Mennonite Bishop Martin Burkholder, 1817-1860. Harrisonburg, Virginia: Shenandoah Valley Mennonite Historians, 2011.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\nDonated by Frances Scruby:\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEmmanuel Church. One Hundred Years Serving Our Lord: Emmanuel Episcopal Church Greenwood, Albemarle County, Virginia. Preface by Langhorne Gibson Jr., 1960.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eScruby, Frances. Neve: Virginia's Thousandfold Man. Charlottesville, Virginia: Pietas Publications, 2010.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["The following published monographs were donated to Special Collections and have been cataloged as part of Special Collections' rare book holdings.\nDonated by Elwood Yoder:\n\nYoder, Elwood E. We're Marching to Zion: A History of Zion Mennonite Church, Broadway, Virginia, 1885-2010. Harrisonburg, Virginia: printed by Custom Printing, 2010.\nYoder, Elwood E. The Bishop's Letters: The Writings, Life, and Times of Virginia Mennonite Bishop Martin Burkholder, 1817-1860. Harrisonburg, Virginia: Shenandoah Valley Mennonite Historians, 2011.\n\nDonated by Frances Scruby:\n\nEmmanuel Church. One Hundred Years Serving Our Lord: Emmanuel Episcopal Church Greenwood, Albemarle County, Virginia. Preface by Langhorne Gibson Jr., 1960.\nScruby, Frances. Neve: Virginia's Thousandfold Man. Charlottesville, Virginia: Pietas Publications, 2010."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCopyright is retained by the creator(s) and their heirs for materials they have authored or otherwise produced that reside in this collection. Copyright status for other collection materials is unknown. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the written permission of the copyright owners. Works not in the public domain cannot be commercially exploited without permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for any use rests exclusively with the user. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Copyright is retained by the creator(s) and their heirs for materials they have authored or otherwise produced that reside in this collection. Copyright status for other collection materials is unknown. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the written permission of the copyright owners. Works not in the public domain cannot be commercially exploited without permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for any use rests exclusively with the user. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_ca6f27e97ff83e663b536e9c984554af\"\u003eCollection consists of digitized images of religious artifacts and printed materials lent for scanning by members of the local community during a spring 2012 \"History Harvest\" led by JMU history professor Dr. Andrew Witmer and the students of \"Introduction to Religious History.\"\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["Collection consists of digitized images of religious artifacts and printed materials lent for scanning by members of the local community during a spring 2012 \"History Harvest\" led by JMU history professor Dr. Andrew Witmer and the students of \"Introduction to Religious History.\""],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections"],"persname_ssim":["Witmer, Andrew (Andrew Daryl) (1976-)"],"names_coll_ssim":["Witmer, Andrew (Andrew Daryl) (1976-)"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Witmer, Andrew (Andrew Daryl) (1976-)"],"language_ssim":["English\n,       German\n."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":7,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:57:53.919Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_683_c03"}},{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_205_c02","type":"Series","attributes":{"title":"Kurt Kehr Interviews A, 1969/1975","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_205_c02#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_205_c02","ref_ssm":["vihart_repositories_4_resources_205_c02"],"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_205_c02","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_205","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_205","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_205","parent_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_205","parent_ssim":["Kurt Kehr Collection of Virginia German Dialects, 1969/1994"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vihart_repositories_4_resources_205"],"title_filing_ssi":"Kurt Kehr Interviews A","title_ssm":["Kurt Kehr Interviews A"],"title_tesim":["Kurt Kehr Interviews A"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Kurt Kehr Interviews A, 1969/1975"],"text":["Kurt Kehr Interviews A, 1969/1975","Kurt Kehr Collection of Virginia German Dialects, 1969/1994"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Kurt Kehr Collection of Virginia German Dialects, 1969/1994"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Kurt Kehr Collection of Virginia German Dialects, 1969/1994"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1969/1975"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1969–1975"],"level_ssm":["Series"],"level_ssim":["Series"],"component_level_isim":[1],"sort_isi":13,"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"collection_ssim":["Kurt Kehr Collection of Virginia German Dialects, 1969/1994"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":14,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu). Audio materials may not be reproduced without the consent of the heirs of the participants."],"date_range_isim":[1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975],"_nest_path_":"/components#1","timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:57:12.722Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_205","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_205","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_205","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_205","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_205.xml","title_ssm":["Kurt Kehr Collection of Virginia German Dialects"],"title_tesim":["Kurt Kehr Collection of Virginia German Dialects"],"unitdate_ssm":["1969-1994"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1969-1994"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1969/1994"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Kurt Kehr Collection of Virginia German Dialects, 1969/1994"],"text":["Kurt Kehr Collection of Virginia German Dialects, 1969/1994","SC 0206","/repositories/4/resources/205","German language -- Dialects -- Virginia","German language -- Dialects -- West Virginia","German language -- Dialects -- Virginia -- Accents and accentuation","German language -- Dialects -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.)","Pennsylvania German dialect","German language -- Dialects -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Accents and accentuation","Articles","oral histories (literary works)","Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","The collection is arranged into three series:","Articles by Kurt Kehr, 1969-1992. The articles are arranged chronologically by their date of publication.\n      Kurt Kehr Interviews A, 1969-1975. Recordings are arranged in the original order assigned by Kehr.\n      Kurt Kehr Interviews D, March-April 1994. Recordings are arranged in the original order assigned by Kehr.","Dr. Kurt Kehr was a professor and head of the German Department at Mary Baldwin College, in Staunton, Virginia, from 1967-1976. During this time, he interviewed people throughout the Shenandoah Valley and West Virginia areas to learn about various Virginia German dialects. At the point of the donation, Kehr was employed by the Research Institute for German Language at the Philipps-University in Marburg, Germany.","Audiocassette tapes were transferred to gold compact discs for preservation in 2010. Some material had already been lost. Collection was originally assigned Collection Number SC 5028.","The Kurt Kehr Collection of Virginia German Dialects, 1969-1994 is comprised of 18 recordings of German speaking residents of Virginia and West Virginia, conducted by Dr. Kurt Kehr of Mary Baldwin College, in Staunton, Virginia. Kehr was interested in German-Virginia dialects and the topics of interviews included personal histories, requests for translations, discussion of Virginia German terms, and personal stories. This collection contains two sets of interviews. Interviews in Collection A were conducted from 1969-1975, during Kehrs work at Mary Baldwin College. Collection D contains interviews, conducted in 1994, with some of the same participants as Collection A. Both Collection A and D contain photocopies of notes on the interviews by Dr. Kurt Kehr, written largely in German.","The collection also includes a set of articles written by Kehr, based in part on research conducted through the audio recordings. Topics of the articles include the origin of the Virginia Dialect, the impact of religion on language, regional differences in dialects, and German spells used in Virginia and West Virginia.","On the origin of the Virginia German dialect as well as the work of Johann Georg Estors.","On the effect of English and German on the dialect of \"Pennsylvania Germans\" in the Shenandoah Valley/Virginia in terms of hunting terminology.","On the immigration of German settlers to the Virginia area. Kehr describes the effects that English has had on the dialect as well as mentioning multiple other scholars on the topic and their findings.","On the geography and demography of the area, as well as how they affected the various dialects which developed. He also breaks it up into specific geographic areas and shows how they differ from one another in terms of dialect.","On the various religions in the area and their effect on the dialect of the people in that region.","On German spells, which were used in Virginia and West Virginia.","On where German people immigrated to and the various dialects that they brought with them which developed into local variations as a result of the regions they moved into.","On what Kehr is trying to accomplish through his study and how he intends to do so.","On how the Pennsylvania German dialect came about and what specific factors influenced it.","On the Pennsylvania German dialect in terms of literature and its use in writing.","On variances in people's dialects and speech depending on their \"home\" and culture and how that can be interesting to translators and other people who may study dialects.","Interview with Byron Frankhauser in Jerome, Virginia in Shenandoah County, in 1969 with John Stewart and Kurt Kehr. This interview contains Pennsylvania German Dictionary Questionnaire #1, a story read in Virginia German, and then a few questions concerning Frankhauser's demographic information. Stewart begins with reading English sentences, which Frankhauser then translates in his Virginia German dialect. Then Frankhauser reads aloud a short story in Virginia German. Lastly, they close the interview with some questions about the background and childhood of Frankhauser.","Interview with Hattie Foltz, Ollie Miller, Kirby Foltz, and Wilmer Miller from Jerome, Shenandoah County, Virginia in February 1970. This begins with a conversation in Virginia German between the interviewees. They are then asked to provide terms for a variety of colors and animals. They are then asked multiple questions in English and asked to respond in their Virginia German dialect.","Side A: This interview has no formal introduction but contains examples of people speaking Virginia German. It appears to be a group of people such as in Interview #2 and Kehr is conducting the informal interview. Kehr asks the informant to describe old recipes, sayings, cures, songs, and superstitions in order to gain a sense of local traditions in the Virginia German dialect. Side B: Hattie and Kirby Foltz and Ollie and Wilmer Miller from Jerome, Shenandoah County, Virginia in February 1970, interviewed by Kurt Kehr from Mary Baldwin College. When these four interviewees get together they speak Virginia German for the entire day. In this tape Kehr states sentences in English and then the informants repeat the sentence in Virginia German. Kehr alternates between different informants so as to gain an understanding of their various abilities with the language. He also asks for basic words such as counting to twenty, listing days of the week and months of the year. They spend the rest of the interview discussing everyday things such as cooking recipes.","Granville Moyers and his brother Stanley interviewed on 7 June 1975 in Rockingham County, Virginia. First they discuss how often he spoke Virginia German as a child. Then Kehr spends the rest of the interview reading sentences in English and Granville attempts to translate them into dialect.","Informant is 84-year-old male, Ira Wilfong in Montezuma, VA, interviewed on June 9, 1969 by John Stewart and Kurt Kehr. He originally comes from Pendleton County, West Virginia. The interview contains 1) a story about how he built a log cabin 2) word identification in Virginia German from a German dictionary and 3) sentence identification in which Kehr provides the English translation of common German phrases and Ira provides the Virginia German version from his dialect. According to Kehr's documentation, the recording should also include stories and a summation of Ira's life, however the recording goes silent after the sentence identification. The CD contains two tracks; Track 2 is the same as the beginning of Track 1.","Kurt Kehr interviews 84-year-old Ira Wilfong in Montezuma, VA on February 3, 1970. Ira tells stories in Virginia German. At first they discuss bear hunting. Kehr speaks in English and Ira speaks in his Virginia German dialect. Then Kehr asks Ira to identify words for various body parts and characteristics of the bear. Toward the end of the tape (approx. 25 minutes) they switch to the other side of the tape and discuss the background of Ira.","Informant is Ira Wilfong, interviewed by Kurt Kerh on February 10, 1970. Ira describes various animals that he has hunted, such as turkeys and rabbits. All of Ira's descriptions are in Virginia German and Kehr requests more details at the end of each segment. Kehr addresses the informant in English. They also discuss how hunting was accomplished as well as other animals that could be hunted such as the opossum.","The three interviewees are apparently Henry Granville Puffenbarger from Wilfolktown, Pendleton County; Roy Puffenbarger from Brashie Fork, WV; and Granville Fry Puffenbarger from the Sugar Grove area, West Virginia. Interview begins with Kehr reading sentences in English and HG Puffenbarger translating the sentences into his Virginia German dialect. He is also asked to identify the days of the week, the months, numbers, and other such basic words. Kehr then runs through demographic information with HG Puffenbarger who answers questions about his upbringing and his family and their languages. The interviewer also asks many questions about who still lives in the area, who speaks Virginia German, if children still know it, in what situations it is spoken in, and the general history of the area. Kehr runs through the same questions with another unidentified interviewee but then the CD goes silent after approximately 38 minutes.","Interview with Roy Wesley Puffenbarger from Brashie Fork, WV who now lives in Mount Solon, Virginia and another with Floyd and Sally Crummet from Sugar Grove, West Virginia in the beginning of July 1975. In the interview with Roy Wesley Puffinbarger, Kehr reads English words and Puffinbarger translates them into his Virginia German dialect. He asks him to translate some sentences and then Kehr asks which are his most memorable words from the language. Kehr then interviews Floyd Crummet who was born in the 1880's. Kehr reads English words out and Sally and Floyd both attempt to translate the words into dialect. Kehr also asks Floyd and Sally to translate sentences and to identify basics such as numbers, months, and days of the week.","Interview with Floyd Crummet from Sugar Grove, WV, on August 6, 1975. They begin with 40 sentences in which Kehr says a sentence in English and Crummet translates it back into Virginia German. Then Kehr reads words in English and Floyd responds in dialect.","Interview with 1) Ida Simmons from Franklin, WV; 2) Floydie E Propst from Brandywine, WV; and 3) Ella and Hubert Hall from Doe Hill, VA on August 25, 1975. Kehr begins by asking Ida for the Virginia German version of some English words. Then he reads sentences in English, which she translates. He also asks Ida some questions about her family and where she came from. They dedicate a long time to discussing her childhood and family history. This interview also explains the concept of \"slop bucket Dutch\" which is a term introduced in Kehr's article, \"Virginia German between Shenandoah and Potomac.\" After his interview with Ida, he has Floydie sing a song in Virginia German and identify a few words. Lastly, Kehr interviews Ella and Hubert and they begin with a story about Granville Puffenbarger, who recently died. Kehr asks them a few questions about their childhood and upbringing and then ends the interview by asking them for the dialect translation of a few English words.","Side A: Interview with Lewis Martin from Dayton, VA (originally from Ohio but his mother was from Dayton) and Wenkel who gives some personal remarks, numbers, sentences, and finally more selected words in Virginia German. The tape was damaged so all that is actually on the CD is a short interview in which they discuss some words and Kehr asks the interviewee to count in dialect. Around 23 minutes it comes back on and they do some sentence translation where Kehr reads English sentences and the interviewee translates. Side B: Begins at 28 minutes and continues with the Martin interview. Martin works as an interpreter and refers to his language as Pennsylvania Dutch. Kehr reads him sentences in English and he translates them. Kehr also states animal names and other words in English and asks Martin to provide the dialect word for them. They also discuss words that would have been commonly used in their local vocabulary, for example, day-to-day words such as their types of horses or feed or sicknesses.","Recording contains an interview with Irene who is 21 years old and was born in Delaware but lives in Fishersville, VA. Her parents belong to the Mennonite church. Kehr begins the interview by reading sentences in English and having her repeat them in her Virginia German. He also asks her to count and to provide the dialect terms for some English words. They also discuss her religious background in the Pilgrim Christian Fellowship and where her family came from.","Side A: This recording begins with music playing and informants are asked to recognize the song and sing it if they remember it. Throughout this tape one earphone seems to repeat what the other one already said as if they accidentally taped it twice and it echoes itself, which makes it very difficult to understand. The corresponding cassette identifies the people as Lewis Martin, Henry Martin, and Granville Moyers. CD#1 side B (Set D): This CD has similar repetition problems. It begins with an interview between [Granville Moyers] a husband and wife and the husband says a word in Virginia German and the wife attempts to translate it into English. Then Kehr points at objects and the husband gives the dialect word and the wife announces whether or not she understood the word or had heard it before. After word identification they discuss the area in which the husband was raised and whether or not they spoke Virginia German. They finish with Kehr asking for the words for various plants and animals.After that comes an interview with Wilda Beary, who is 65 years old. Kehr reads her English sentences, which she then repeats in dialect. Then Kehr asks her for other Virginia German vocabulary by asking questions such as \"what will you find in your garden?\" They discuss the background of her and her mother in the Virginia German dialect. He also asks her to count numbers, as well as the days of the week and months. Lastly he asks for the Virginia/Pennsylvania Dutch terms for a variety of common household items.","Side A: Interview with Warren James Souder who is 80 years old and lives in Virginia. They begin by discussing his family and ethnic origins. Their discussion of how he and his family came to live in the area takes place in the English language. The majority of this recording actually uses English and mainly discusses who might have spoken the German dialect and in what situations it might have been used. He does identify a few words in the Virginia German dialect though, which were commonly used in his vocabulary while he was growing up. He also gives a quick background on the Lutheran church and his community. Then Kehr moves on to interview Mrs. Souder (Warren's wife) who grew up in southwest Virginia. He interviews her on her background for a short while and asks about why she chose to marry a German. Lastly he switches back to Mr. Souder and they continue to discuss the area (Broadway, Virginia) and the impact of the church and the German dialect. There is also an interview with Roger Smith from Bergton, Virginia. He is 48 years old. They discuss where in Germany his ancestors came from and why they came to Virginia, as well as which people in the area used to speak the Virginia German dialect and who in the town was able to speak it. They also discuss the churches in the area and the role that language played with the churches. Side B: The interview continues the interview at the end of the last CD with Roger Smith. He begins by continuing to list names of people in the area who may have been of German descent. Kehr asks Smith some questions about the settlement patterns of immigrant families in the area. Smith does not seem to be familiar with many of the Virginia German dialect words and Kehr tests him to see which ones he might recognize and if he knows any proverbs or stories from the culture. He also questions Smith on the products in the area and local agriculture, animal life, and business. They also discuss the festivals and other unique characteristics of the area. Then there is an interview with Carl Moyer who is 58 years old. They discuss how Carl's father taught all of his sons the Virginia German dialect. Kehr examines Moyer's familiarity with and ability to identify a multitude of words in the dialect in relation to household products, body parts, numbers, days, hunting, and plants. They also talk more about his family and which members of his family may be able to speak it well and which cannot.","Side A: Interview with Edna Smith who is 81 years old. She married into the Smith family and her husband's mother spoke the Virginia German dialect, which they referred to as Dutch. Kehr reads some words in the Virginia German dialect to test her recognition of the words. Kehr also interviews a very old man (Delmer Moyer's father?) about his history in the area and who could or could not speak the Virginia German dialect. They are in Burgton and the man was a farmer for most of his life. This man tells stories from his life and the interview is entirely in English. They also interview 53–year-old Delmer Moyer. His father taught him how to speak the Virginia German dialect. Kehr asks him for the translation for multiple English words of common household items, counting, animals, and other words he remembers from his childhood. They discuss his various family members and which ones spoke the dialect. There is then an interview of 34-year-old Jesse Hershberger. Kehr reads him 40 sentences, which Hershberger then translates into his Virginia German dialect. Then Kehr asks for identification of basic words. Finally they run through his history in the area. For the remainder of the CD he tells a story about his past in the area in his Virginia German dialect. Side B: This contains an interview with 67-year-old Stanley Moyer. Kehr begins by reading English sentences and Moyer translates them to the dialect. Then Kehr lists some words in English and asks Moyer to provide the Virginia German word. This list includes grains, animals, plants, etc. Kehr also asks him to explain in dialect how he would plant and care for certain foods.","This recording contains an interview with John Beery who is 15 years old. John speaks the Virginia German dialect with his father. Kehr begins by reading sentences in English and asking John to translate them. Next Kehr asks him to identify individual words and numbers. Then Kehr asks him to explain in dialect his background and how he came to speak the dialect. He also asks about the use of the dialect in the community. Then Kehr asks Beery to identify the word in dialect for some of the items in the room. This CD also contains another interview with a man [Irvin Propst] and it begins with Kehr reading sentences in English, which the man repeats in his Virginia German dialect. He had interviewed this same man 20 years earlier, according to the CD. They discuss whether it was easier or harder and what difference 20 years has made in his speaking of the dialect. Kehr also has him count and identify some words in the dialect.","Side A: This recording contains an interview with Irvin Propst (who was born on July 1, 1926 in West Virginia) that begins with Kehr asking him for the translation of various English words. Kehr also asks the man to explain certain things in his dialect such as Groundhog's Day. Mr. Propst explains a little about his mother who taught him the dialect. They speak about different people in the community and their effect on and use of the dialect. Side B: This recording begins with an interview with Ollie Miller who is 78 years old. Sentences are read in English and Miller restates them in his Virginia German dialect. The voices are distorted in this recording, which makes it difficult to understand the interview after a while.","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu). Audio materials may not be reproduced without the consent of the heirs of the participants.","The Kurt Kehr Collection of Virginia German Dialects, 1969-1994 is comprised of 18 recordings of German speaking residents of Virginia and West Virginia, conducted by Dr. Kurt Kehr of Mary Baldwin College, in Staunton, Virginia, as well as copies of articles written by Dr. Kehr on German dialects.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Kehr, Kurt","English, German, and Virginia German"],"collection_title_tesim":["Kurt Kehr Collection of Virginia German Dialects, 1969/1994"],"collection_ssim":["Kurt Kehr Collection of Virginia German Dialects, 1969/1994"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0206","/repositories/4/resources/205"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0206","/repositories/4/resources/205"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"creator_ssm":["Kehr, Kurt"],"creator_ssim":["Kehr, Kurt"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Kehr, Kurt"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections"],"creators_ssim":["Kehr, Kurt","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu). Audio materials may not be reproduced without the consent of the heirs of the participants."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donated by Dr. Kurt Kehr of the Research Institute for German Language at the Philipps-University in Marburg, Germany, on April 13 and September 26, 1994."],"access_subjects_ssim":["German language -- Dialects -- Virginia","German language -- Dialects -- West Virginia","German language -- Dialects -- Virginia -- Accents and accentuation","German language -- Dialects -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.)","Pennsylvania German dialect","German language -- Dialects -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Accents and accentuation","Articles","oral histories (literary works)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["German language -- Dialects -- Virginia","German language -- Dialects -- West Virginia","German language -- Dialects -- Virginia -- Accents and accentuation","German language -- Dialects -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.)","Pennsylvania German dialect","German language -- Dialects -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Accents and accentuation","Articles","oral histories (literary works)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.21 cubic feet 1 box, 18 audiocassettes, 24 CD-Rs"],"extent_tesim":["0.21 cubic feet 1 box, 18 audiocassettes, 24 CD-Rs"],"genreform_ssim":["Articles","oral histories (literary works)"],"date_range_isim":[1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged into three series:\u003c/p\u003e    ","\u003clist numeration=\"arabic\" type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eArticles by Kurt Kehr, 1969-1992. The articles are arranged chronologically by their date of publication.\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eKurt Kehr Interviews A, 1969-1975. Recordings are arranged in the original order assigned by Kehr.\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eKurt Kehr Interviews D, March-April 1994. Recordings are arranged in the original order assigned by Kehr.\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged into three series:","Articles by Kurt Kehr, 1969-1992. The articles are arranged chronologically by their date of publication.\n      Kurt Kehr Interviews A, 1969-1975. Recordings are arranged in the original order assigned by Kehr.\n      Kurt Kehr Interviews D, March-April 1994. Recordings are arranged in the original order assigned by Kehr."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDr. Kurt Kehr was a professor and head of the German Department at Mary Baldwin College, in Staunton, Virginia, from 1967-1976. During this time, he interviewed people throughout the Shenandoah Valley and West Virginia areas to learn about various Virginia German dialects. At the point of the donation, Kehr was employed by the Research Institute for German Language at the Philipps-University in Marburg, Germany.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Dr. Kurt Kehr was a professor and head of the German Department at Mary Baldwin College, in Staunton, Virginia, from 1967-1976. During this time, he interviewed people throughout the Shenandoah Valley and West Virginia areas to learn about various Virginia German dialects. At the point of the donation, Kehr was employed by the Research Institute for German Language at the Philipps-University in Marburg, Germany."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item], [box #: folder #], Kurt Kehr Collection of Virginia German Dialects, 1969-1994, SC 0206, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item], [box #: folder #], Kurt Kehr Collection of Virginia German Dialects, 1969-1994, SC 0206, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAudiocassette tapes were transferred to gold compact discs for preservation in 2010. Some material had already been lost. Collection was originally assigned Collection Number SC 5028.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Audiocassette tapes were transferred to gold compact discs for preservation in 2010. Some material had already been lost. Collection was originally assigned Collection Number SC 5028."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Kurt Kehr Collection of Virginia German Dialects, 1969-1994 is comprised of 18 recordings of German speaking residents of Virginia and West Virginia, conducted by Dr. Kurt Kehr of Mary Baldwin College, in Staunton, Virginia. Kehr was interested in German-Virginia dialects and the topics of interviews included personal histories, requests for translations, discussion of Virginia German terms, and personal stories. This collection contains two sets of interviews. Interviews in Collection A were conducted from 1969-1975, during Kehrs work at Mary Baldwin College. Collection D contains interviews, conducted in 1994, with some of the same participants as Collection A. Both Collection A and D contain photocopies of notes on the interviews by Dr. Kurt Kehr, written largely in German. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe collection also includes a set of articles written by Kehr, based in part on research conducted through the audio recordings. Topics of the articles include the origin of the Virginia Dialect, the impact of religion on language, regional differences in dialects, and German spells used in Virginia and West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eOn the origin of the Virginia German dialect as well as the work of Johann Georg Estors.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOn the effect of English and German on the dialect of \"Pennsylvania Germans\" in the Shenandoah Valley/Virginia in terms of hunting terminology.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOn the immigration of German settlers to the Virginia area. Kehr describes the effects that English has had on the dialect as well as mentioning multiple other scholars on the topic and their findings.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOn the geography and demography of the area, as well as how they affected the various dialects which developed. He also breaks it up into specific geographic areas and shows how they differ from one another in terms of dialect.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOn the various religions in the area and their effect on the dialect of the people in that region.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOn German spells, which were used in Virginia and West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOn where German people immigrated to and the various dialects that they brought with them which developed into local variations as a result of the regions they moved into.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOn what Kehr is trying to accomplish through his study and how he intends to do so.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOn how the Pennsylvania German dialect came about and what specific factors influenced it.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOn the Pennsylvania German dialect in terms of literature and its use in writing.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOn variances in people's dialects and speech depending on their \"home\" and culture and how that can be interesting to translators and other people who may study dialects.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInterview with Byron Frankhauser in Jerome, Virginia in Shenandoah County, in 1969 with John Stewart and Kurt Kehr. This interview contains Pennsylvania German Dictionary Questionnaire #1, a story read in Virginia German, and then a few questions concerning Frankhauser's demographic information. Stewart begins with reading English sentences, which Frankhauser then translates in his Virginia German dialect. Then Frankhauser reads aloud a short story in Virginia German. Lastly, they close the interview with some questions about the background and childhood of Frankhauser.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInterview with Hattie Foltz, Ollie Miller, Kirby Foltz, and Wilmer Miller from Jerome, Shenandoah County, Virginia in February 1970. This begins with a conversation in Virginia German between the interviewees. They are then asked to provide terms for a variety of colors and animals. They are then asked multiple questions in English and asked to respond in their Virginia German dialect.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide A: This interview has no formal introduction but contains examples of people speaking Virginia German. It appears to be a group of people such as in Interview #2 and Kehr is conducting the informal interview. Kehr asks the informant to describe old recipes, sayings, cures, songs, and superstitions in order to gain a sense of local traditions in the Virginia German dialect. Side B: Hattie and Kirby Foltz and Ollie and Wilmer Miller from Jerome, Shenandoah County, Virginia in February 1970, interviewed by Kurt Kehr from Mary Baldwin College. When these four interviewees get together they speak Virginia German for the entire day. In this tape Kehr states sentences in English and then the informants repeat the sentence in Virginia German. Kehr alternates between different informants so as to gain an understanding of their various abilities with the language. He also asks for basic words such as counting to twenty, listing days of the week and months of the year. They spend the rest of the interview discussing everyday things such as cooking recipes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGranville Moyers and his brother Stanley interviewed on 7 June 1975 in Rockingham County, Virginia. First they discuss how often he spoke Virginia German as a child. Then Kehr spends the rest of the interview reading sentences in English and Granville attempts to translate them into dialect.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInformant is 84-year-old male, Ira Wilfong in Montezuma, VA, interviewed on June 9, 1969 by John Stewart and Kurt Kehr. He originally comes from Pendleton County, West Virginia. The interview contains 1) a story about how he built a log cabin 2) word identification in Virginia German from a German dictionary and 3) sentence identification in which Kehr provides the English translation of common German phrases and Ira provides the Virginia German version from his dialect. According to Kehr's documentation, the recording should also include stories and a summation of Ira's life, however the recording goes silent after the sentence identification. The CD contains two tracks; Track 2 is the same as the beginning of Track 1.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eKurt Kehr interviews 84-year-old Ira Wilfong in Montezuma, VA on February 3, 1970. Ira tells stories in Virginia German. At first they discuss bear hunting. Kehr speaks in English and Ira speaks in his Virginia German dialect. Then Kehr asks Ira to identify words for various body parts and characteristics of the bear. Toward the end of the tape (approx. 25 minutes) they switch to the other side of the tape and discuss the background of Ira.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInformant is Ira Wilfong, interviewed by Kurt Kerh on February 10, 1970. Ira describes various animals that he has hunted, such as turkeys and rabbits. All of Ira's descriptions are in Virginia German and Kehr requests more details at the end of each segment. Kehr addresses the informant in English. They also discuss how hunting was accomplished as well as other animals that could be hunted such as the opossum.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe three interviewees are apparently Henry Granville Puffenbarger from Wilfolktown, Pendleton County; Roy Puffenbarger from Brashie Fork, WV; and Granville Fry Puffenbarger from the Sugar Grove area, West Virginia. Interview begins with Kehr reading sentences in English and HG Puffenbarger translating the sentences into his Virginia German dialect. He is also asked to identify the days of the week, the months, numbers, and other such basic words. Kehr then runs through demographic information with HG Puffenbarger who answers questions about his upbringing and his family and their languages. The interviewer also asks many questions about who still lives in the area, who speaks Virginia German, if children still know it, in what situations it is spoken in, and the general history of the area. Kehr runs through the same questions with another unidentified interviewee but then the CD goes silent after approximately 38 minutes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInterview with Roy Wesley Puffenbarger from Brashie Fork, WV who now lives in Mount Solon, Virginia and another with Floyd and Sally Crummet from Sugar Grove, West Virginia in the beginning of July 1975. In the interview with Roy Wesley Puffinbarger, Kehr reads English words and Puffinbarger translates them into his Virginia German dialect. He asks him to translate some sentences and then Kehr asks which are his most memorable words from the language. Kehr then interviews Floyd Crummet who was born in the 1880's. Kehr reads English words out and Sally and Floyd both attempt to translate the words into dialect. Kehr also asks Floyd and Sally to translate sentences and to identify basics such as numbers, months, and days of the week.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInterview with Floyd Crummet from Sugar Grove, WV, on August 6, 1975. They begin with 40 sentences in which Kehr says a sentence in English and Crummet translates it back into Virginia German. Then Kehr reads words in English and Floyd responds in dialect.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInterview with 1) Ida Simmons from Franklin, WV; 2) Floydie E Propst from Brandywine, WV; and 3) Ella and Hubert Hall from Doe Hill, VA on August 25, 1975. Kehr begins by asking Ida for the Virginia German version of some English words. Then he reads sentences in English, which she translates. He also asks Ida some questions about her family and where she came from. They dedicate a long time to discussing her childhood and family history. This interview also explains the concept of \"slop bucket Dutch\" which is a term introduced in Kehr's article, \"Virginia German between Shenandoah and Potomac.\" After his interview with Ida, he has Floydie sing a song in Virginia German and identify a few words. Lastly, Kehr interviews Ella and Hubert and they begin with a story about Granville Puffenbarger, who recently died. Kehr asks them a few questions about their childhood and upbringing and then ends the interview by asking them for the dialect translation of a few English words.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide A: Interview with Lewis Martin from Dayton, VA (originally from Ohio but his mother was from Dayton) and Wenkel who gives some personal remarks, numbers, sentences, and finally more selected words in Virginia German. The tape was damaged so all that is actually on the CD is a short interview in which they discuss some words and Kehr asks the interviewee to count in dialect. Around 23 minutes it comes back on and they do some sentence translation where Kehr reads English sentences and the interviewee translates. Side B: Begins at 28 minutes and continues with the Martin interview. Martin works as an interpreter and refers to his language as Pennsylvania Dutch. Kehr reads him sentences in English and he translates them. Kehr also states animal names and other words in English and asks Martin to provide the dialect word for them. They also discuss words that would have been commonly used in their local vocabulary, for example, day-to-day words such as their types of horses or feed or sicknesses.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecording contains an interview with Irene who is 21 years old and was born in Delaware but lives in Fishersville, VA. Her parents belong to the Mennonite church. Kehr begins the interview by reading sentences in English and having her repeat them in her Virginia German. He also asks her to count and to provide the dialect terms for some English words. They also discuss her religious background in the Pilgrim Christian Fellowship and where her family came from.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide A: This recording begins with music playing and informants are asked to recognize the song and sing it if they remember it. Throughout this tape one earphone seems to repeat what the other one already said as if they accidentally taped it twice and it echoes itself, which makes it very difficult to understand. The corresponding cassette identifies the people as Lewis Martin, Henry Martin, and Granville Moyers. CD#1 side B (Set D): This CD has similar repetition problems. It begins with an interview between [Granville Moyers] a husband and wife and the husband says a word in Virginia German and the wife attempts to translate it into English. Then Kehr points at objects and the husband gives the dialect word and the wife announces whether or not she understood the word or had heard it before. After word identification they discuss the area in which the husband was raised and whether or not they spoke Virginia German. They finish with Kehr asking for the words for various plants and animals.After that comes an interview with Wilda Beary, who is 65 years old. Kehr reads her English sentences, which she then repeats in dialect. Then Kehr asks her for other Virginia German vocabulary by asking questions such as \"what will you find in your garden?\" They discuss the background of her and her mother in the Virginia German dialect. He also asks her to count numbers, as well as the days of the week and months. Lastly he asks for the Virginia/Pennsylvania Dutch terms for a variety of common household items.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide A: Interview with Warren James Souder who is 80 years old and lives in Virginia. They begin by discussing his family and ethnic origins. Their discussion of how he and his family came to live in the area takes place in the English language. The majority of this recording actually uses English and mainly discusses who might have spoken the German dialect and in what situations it might have been used. He does identify a few words in the Virginia German dialect though, which were commonly used in his vocabulary while he was growing up. He also gives a quick background on the Lutheran church and his community. Then Kehr moves on to interview Mrs. Souder (Warren's wife) who grew up in southwest Virginia. He interviews her on her background for a short while and asks about why she chose to marry a German. Lastly he switches back to Mr. Souder and they continue to discuss the area (Broadway, Virginia) and the impact of the church and the German dialect. There is also an interview with Roger Smith from Bergton, Virginia. He is 48 years old. They discuss where in Germany his ancestors came from and why they came to Virginia, as well as which people in the area used to speak the Virginia German dialect and who in the town was able to speak it. They also discuss the churches in the area and the role that language played with the churches. Side B: The interview continues the interview at the end of the last CD with Roger Smith. He begins by continuing to list names of people in the area who may have been of German descent. Kehr asks Smith some questions about the settlement patterns of immigrant families in the area. Smith does not seem to be familiar with many of the Virginia German dialect words and Kehr tests him to see which ones he might recognize and if he knows any proverbs or stories from the culture. He also questions Smith on the products in the area and local agriculture, animal life, and business. They also discuss the festivals and other unique characteristics of the area. Then there is an interview with Carl Moyer who is 58 years old. They discuss how Carl's father taught all of his sons the Virginia German dialect. Kehr examines Moyer's familiarity with and ability to identify a multitude of words in the dialect in relation to household products, body parts, numbers, days, hunting, and plants. They also talk more about his family and which members of his family may be able to speak it well and which cannot.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide A: Interview with Edna Smith who is 81 years old. She married into the Smith family and her husband's mother spoke the Virginia German dialect, which they referred to as Dutch. Kehr reads some words in the Virginia German dialect to test her recognition of the words. Kehr also interviews a very old man (Delmer Moyer's father?) about his history in the area and who could or could not speak the Virginia German dialect. They are in Burgton and the man was a farmer for most of his life. This man tells stories from his life and the interview is entirely in English. They also interview 53–year-old Delmer Moyer. His father taught him how to speak the Virginia German dialect. Kehr asks him for the translation for multiple English words of common household items, counting, animals, and other words he remembers from his childhood. They discuss his various family members and which ones spoke the dialect. There is then an interview of 34-year-old Jesse Hershberger. Kehr reads him 40 sentences, which Hershberger then translates into his Virginia German dialect. Then Kehr asks for identification of basic words. Finally they run through his history in the area. For the remainder of the CD he tells a story about his past in the area in his Virginia German dialect. Side B: This contains an interview with 67-year-old Stanley Moyer. Kehr begins by reading English sentences and Moyer translates them to the dialect. Then Kehr lists some words in English and asks Moyer to provide the Virginia German word. This list includes grains, animals, plants, etc. Kehr also asks him to explain in dialect how he would plant and care for certain foods.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis recording contains an interview with John Beery who is 15 years old. John speaks the Virginia German dialect with his father. Kehr begins by reading sentences in English and asking John to translate them. Next Kehr asks him to identify individual words and numbers. Then Kehr asks him to explain in dialect his background and how he came to speak the dialect. He also asks about the use of the dialect in the community. Then Kehr asks Beery to identify the word in dialect for some of the items in the room. This CD also contains another interview with a man [Irvin Propst] and it begins with Kehr reading sentences in English, which the man repeats in his Virginia German dialect. He had interviewed this same man 20 years earlier, according to the CD. They discuss whether it was easier or harder and what difference 20 years has made in his speaking of the dialect. Kehr also has him count and identify some words in the dialect.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide A: This recording contains an interview with Irvin Propst (who was born on July 1, 1926 in West Virginia) that begins with Kehr asking him for the translation of various English words. Kehr also asks the man to explain certain things in his dialect such as Groundhog's Day. Mr. Propst explains a little about his mother who taught him the dialect. They speak about different people in the community and their effect on and use of the dialect. Side B: This recording begins with an interview with Ollie Miller who is 78 years old. Sentences are read in English and Miller restates them in his Virginia German dialect. The voices are distorted in this recording, which makes it difficult to understand the interview after a while.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Kurt Kehr Collection of Virginia German Dialects, 1969-1994 is comprised of 18 recordings of German speaking residents of Virginia and West Virginia, conducted by Dr. Kurt Kehr of Mary Baldwin College, in Staunton, Virginia. Kehr was interested in German-Virginia dialects and the topics of interviews included personal histories, requests for translations, discussion of Virginia German terms, and personal stories. This collection contains two sets of interviews. Interviews in Collection A were conducted from 1969-1975, during Kehrs work at Mary Baldwin College. Collection D contains interviews, conducted in 1994, with some of the same participants as Collection A. Both Collection A and D contain photocopies of notes on the interviews by Dr. Kurt Kehr, written largely in German.","The collection also includes a set of articles written by Kehr, based in part on research conducted through the audio recordings. Topics of the articles include the origin of the Virginia Dialect, the impact of religion on language, regional differences in dialects, and German spells used in Virginia and West Virginia.","On the origin of the Virginia German dialect as well as the work of Johann Georg Estors.","On the effect of English and German on the dialect of \"Pennsylvania Germans\" in the Shenandoah Valley/Virginia in terms of hunting terminology.","On the immigration of German settlers to the Virginia area. Kehr describes the effects that English has had on the dialect as well as mentioning multiple other scholars on the topic and their findings.","On the geography and demography of the area, as well as how they affected the various dialects which developed. He also breaks it up into specific geographic areas and shows how they differ from one another in terms of dialect.","On the various religions in the area and their effect on the dialect of the people in that region.","On German spells, which were used in Virginia and West Virginia.","On where German people immigrated to and the various dialects that they brought with them which developed into local variations as a result of the regions they moved into.","On what Kehr is trying to accomplish through his study and how he intends to do so.","On how the Pennsylvania German dialect came about and what specific factors influenced it.","On the Pennsylvania German dialect in terms of literature and its use in writing.","On variances in people's dialects and speech depending on their \"home\" and culture and how that can be interesting to translators and other people who may study dialects.","Interview with Byron Frankhauser in Jerome, Virginia in Shenandoah County, in 1969 with John Stewart and Kurt Kehr. This interview contains Pennsylvania German Dictionary Questionnaire #1, a story read in Virginia German, and then a few questions concerning Frankhauser's demographic information. Stewart begins with reading English sentences, which Frankhauser then translates in his Virginia German dialect. Then Frankhauser reads aloud a short story in Virginia German. Lastly, they close the interview with some questions about the background and childhood of Frankhauser.","Interview with Hattie Foltz, Ollie Miller, Kirby Foltz, and Wilmer Miller from Jerome, Shenandoah County, Virginia in February 1970. This begins with a conversation in Virginia German between the interviewees. They are then asked to provide terms for a variety of colors and animals. They are then asked multiple questions in English and asked to respond in their Virginia German dialect.","Side A: This interview has no formal introduction but contains examples of people speaking Virginia German. It appears to be a group of people such as in Interview #2 and Kehr is conducting the informal interview. Kehr asks the informant to describe old recipes, sayings, cures, songs, and superstitions in order to gain a sense of local traditions in the Virginia German dialect. Side B: Hattie and Kirby Foltz and Ollie and Wilmer Miller from Jerome, Shenandoah County, Virginia in February 1970, interviewed by Kurt Kehr from Mary Baldwin College. When these four interviewees get together they speak Virginia German for the entire day. In this tape Kehr states sentences in English and then the informants repeat the sentence in Virginia German. Kehr alternates between different informants so as to gain an understanding of their various abilities with the language. He also asks for basic words such as counting to twenty, listing days of the week and months of the year. They spend the rest of the interview discussing everyday things such as cooking recipes.","Granville Moyers and his brother Stanley interviewed on 7 June 1975 in Rockingham County, Virginia. First they discuss how often he spoke Virginia German as a child. Then Kehr spends the rest of the interview reading sentences in English and Granville attempts to translate them into dialect.","Informant is 84-year-old male, Ira Wilfong in Montezuma, VA, interviewed on June 9, 1969 by John Stewart and Kurt Kehr. He originally comes from Pendleton County, West Virginia. The interview contains 1) a story about how he built a log cabin 2) word identification in Virginia German from a German dictionary and 3) sentence identification in which Kehr provides the English translation of common German phrases and Ira provides the Virginia German version from his dialect. According to Kehr's documentation, the recording should also include stories and a summation of Ira's life, however the recording goes silent after the sentence identification. The CD contains two tracks; Track 2 is the same as the beginning of Track 1.","Kurt Kehr interviews 84-year-old Ira Wilfong in Montezuma, VA on February 3, 1970. Ira tells stories in Virginia German. At first they discuss bear hunting. Kehr speaks in English and Ira speaks in his Virginia German dialect. Then Kehr asks Ira to identify words for various body parts and characteristics of the bear. Toward the end of the tape (approx. 25 minutes) they switch to the other side of the tape and discuss the background of Ira.","Informant is Ira Wilfong, interviewed by Kurt Kerh on February 10, 1970. Ira describes various animals that he has hunted, such as turkeys and rabbits. All of Ira's descriptions are in Virginia German and Kehr requests more details at the end of each segment. Kehr addresses the informant in English. They also discuss how hunting was accomplished as well as other animals that could be hunted such as the opossum.","The three interviewees are apparently Henry Granville Puffenbarger from Wilfolktown, Pendleton County; Roy Puffenbarger from Brashie Fork, WV; and Granville Fry Puffenbarger from the Sugar Grove area, West Virginia. Interview begins with Kehr reading sentences in English and HG Puffenbarger translating the sentences into his Virginia German dialect. He is also asked to identify the days of the week, the months, numbers, and other such basic words. Kehr then runs through demographic information with HG Puffenbarger who answers questions about his upbringing and his family and their languages. The interviewer also asks many questions about who still lives in the area, who speaks Virginia German, if children still know it, in what situations it is spoken in, and the general history of the area. Kehr runs through the same questions with another unidentified interviewee but then the CD goes silent after approximately 38 minutes.","Interview with Roy Wesley Puffenbarger from Brashie Fork, WV who now lives in Mount Solon, Virginia and another with Floyd and Sally Crummet from Sugar Grove, West Virginia in the beginning of July 1975. In the interview with Roy Wesley Puffinbarger, Kehr reads English words and Puffinbarger translates them into his Virginia German dialect. He asks him to translate some sentences and then Kehr asks which are his most memorable words from the language. Kehr then interviews Floyd Crummet who was born in the 1880's. Kehr reads English words out and Sally and Floyd both attempt to translate the words into dialect. Kehr also asks Floyd and Sally to translate sentences and to identify basics such as numbers, months, and days of the week.","Interview with Floyd Crummet from Sugar Grove, WV, on August 6, 1975. They begin with 40 sentences in which Kehr says a sentence in English and Crummet translates it back into Virginia German. Then Kehr reads words in English and Floyd responds in dialect.","Interview with 1) Ida Simmons from Franklin, WV; 2) Floydie E Propst from Brandywine, WV; and 3) Ella and Hubert Hall from Doe Hill, VA on August 25, 1975. Kehr begins by asking Ida for the Virginia German version of some English words. Then he reads sentences in English, which she translates. He also asks Ida some questions about her family and where she came from. They dedicate a long time to discussing her childhood and family history. This interview also explains the concept of \"slop bucket Dutch\" which is a term introduced in Kehr's article, \"Virginia German between Shenandoah and Potomac.\" After his interview with Ida, he has Floydie sing a song in Virginia German and identify a few words. Lastly, Kehr interviews Ella and Hubert and they begin with a story about Granville Puffenbarger, who recently died. Kehr asks them a few questions about their childhood and upbringing and then ends the interview by asking them for the dialect translation of a few English words.","Side A: Interview with Lewis Martin from Dayton, VA (originally from Ohio but his mother was from Dayton) and Wenkel who gives some personal remarks, numbers, sentences, and finally more selected words in Virginia German. The tape was damaged so all that is actually on the CD is a short interview in which they discuss some words and Kehr asks the interviewee to count in dialect. Around 23 minutes it comes back on and they do some sentence translation where Kehr reads English sentences and the interviewee translates. Side B: Begins at 28 minutes and continues with the Martin interview. Martin works as an interpreter and refers to his language as Pennsylvania Dutch. Kehr reads him sentences in English and he translates them. Kehr also states animal names and other words in English and asks Martin to provide the dialect word for them. They also discuss words that would have been commonly used in their local vocabulary, for example, day-to-day words such as their types of horses or feed or sicknesses.","Recording contains an interview with Irene who is 21 years old and was born in Delaware but lives in Fishersville, VA. Her parents belong to the Mennonite church. Kehr begins the interview by reading sentences in English and having her repeat them in her Virginia German. He also asks her to count and to provide the dialect terms for some English words. They also discuss her religious background in the Pilgrim Christian Fellowship and where her family came from.","Side A: This recording begins with music playing and informants are asked to recognize the song and sing it if they remember it. Throughout this tape one earphone seems to repeat what the other one already said as if they accidentally taped it twice and it echoes itself, which makes it very difficult to understand. The corresponding cassette identifies the people as Lewis Martin, Henry Martin, and Granville Moyers. CD#1 side B (Set D): This CD has similar repetition problems. It begins with an interview between [Granville Moyers] a husband and wife and the husband says a word in Virginia German and the wife attempts to translate it into English. Then Kehr points at objects and the husband gives the dialect word and the wife announces whether or not she understood the word or had heard it before. After word identification they discuss the area in which the husband was raised and whether or not they spoke Virginia German. They finish with Kehr asking for the words for various plants and animals.After that comes an interview with Wilda Beary, who is 65 years old. Kehr reads her English sentences, which she then repeats in dialect. Then Kehr asks her for other Virginia German vocabulary by asking questions such as \"what will you find in your garden?\" They discuss the background of her and her mother in the Virginia German dialect. He also asks her to count numbers, as well as the days of the week and months. Lastly he asks for the Virginia/Pennsylvania Dutch terms for a variety of common household items.","Side A: Interview with Warren James Souder who is 80 years old and lives in Virginia. They begin by discussing his family and ethnic origins. Their discussion of how he and his family came to live in the area takes place in the English language. The majority of this recording actually uses English and mainly discusses who might have spoken the German dialect and in what situations it might have been used. He does identify a few words in the Virginia German dialect though, which were commonly used in his vocabulary while he was growing up. He also gives a quick background on the Lutheran church and his community. Then Kehr moves on to interview Mrs. Souder (Warren's wife) who grew up in southwest Virginia. He interviews her on her background for a short while and asks about why she chose to marry a German. Lastly he switches back to Mr. Souder and they continue to discuss the area (Broadway, Virginia) and the impact of the church and the German dialect. There is also an interview with Roger Smith from Bergton, Virginia. He is 48 years old. They discuss where in Germany his ancestors came from and why they came to Virginia, as well as which people in the area used to speak the Virginia German dialect and who in the town was able to speak it. They also discuss the churches in the area and the role that language played with the churches. Side B: The interview continues the interview at the end of the last CD with Roger Smith. He begins by continuing to list names of people in the area who may have been of German descent. Kehr asks Smith some questions about the settlement patterns of immigrant families in the area. Smith does not seem to be familiar with many of the Virginia German dialect words and Kehr tests him to see which ones he might recognize and if he knows any proverbs or stories from the culture. He also questions Smith on the products in the area and local agriculture, animal life, and business. They also discuss the festivals and other unique characteristics of the area. Then there is an interview with Carl Moyer who is 58 years old. They discuss how Carl's father taught all of his sons the Virginia German dialect. Kehr examines Moyer's familiarity with and ability to identify a multitude of words in the dialect in relation to household products, body parts, numbers, days, hunting, and plants. They also talk more about his family and which members of his family may be able to speak it well and which cannot.","Side A: Interview with Edna Smith who is 81 years old. She married into the Smith family and her husband's mother spoke the Virginia German dialect, which they referred to as Dutch. Kehr reads some words in the Virginia German dialect to test her recognition of the words. Kehr also interviews a very old man (Delmer Moyer's father?) about his history in the area and who could or could not speak the Virginia German dialect. They are in Burgton and the man was a farmer for most of his life. This man tells stories from his life and the interview is entirely in English. They also interview 53–year-old Delmer Moyer. His father taught him how to speak the Virginia German dialect. Kehr asks him for the translation for multiple English words of common household items, counting, animals, and other words he remembers from his childhood. They discuss his various family members and which ones spoke the dialect. There is then an interview of 34-year-old Jesse Hershberger. Kehr reads him 40 sentences, which Hershberger then translates into his Virginia German dialect. Then Kehr asks for identification of basic words. Finally they run through his history in the area. For the remainder of the CD he tells a story about his past in the area in his Virginia German dialect. Side B: This contains an interview with 67-year-old Stanley Moyer. Kehr begins by reading English sentences and Moyer translates them to the dialect. Then Kehr lists some words in English and asks Moyer to provide the Virginia German word. This list includes grains, animals, plants, etc. Kehr also asks him to explain in dialect how he would plant and care for certain foods.","This recording contains an interview with John Beery who is 15 years old. John speaks the Virginia German dialect with his father. Kehr begins by reading sentences in English and asking John to translate them. Next Kehr asks him to identify individual words and numbers. Then Kehr asks him to explain in dialect his background and how he came to speak the dialect. He also asks about the use of the dialect in the community. Then Kehr asks Beery to identify the word in dialect for some of the items in the room. This CD also contains another interview with a man [Irvin Propst] and it begins with Kehr reading sentences in English, which the man repeats in his Virginia German dialect. He had interviewed this same man 20 years earlier, according to the CD. They discuss whether it was easier or harder and what difference 20 years has made in his speaking of the dialect. Kehr also has him count and identify some words in the dialect.","Side A: This recording contains an interview with Irvin Propst (who was born on July 1, 1926 in West Virginia) that begins with Kehr asking him for the translation of various English words. Kehr also asks the man to explain certain things in his dialect such as Groundhog's Day. Mr. Propst explains a little about his mother who taught him the dialect. They speak about different people in the community and their effect on and use of the dialect. Side B: This recording begins with an interview with Ollie Miller who is 78 years old. Sentences are read in English and Miller restates them in his Virginia German dialect. The voices are distorted in this recording, which makes it difficult to understand the interview after a while."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu). Audio materials may not be reproduced without the consent of the heirs of the participants.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu). Audio materials may not be reproduced without the consent of the heirs of the participants."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_1c7adf0fa066fa84244bdf293d4f8c88\"\u003eThe Kurt Kehr Collection of Virginia German Dialects, 1969-1994 is comprised of 18 recordings of German speaking residents of Virginia and West Virginia, conducted by Dr. Kurt Kehr of Mary Baldwin College, in Staunton, Virginia, as well as copies of articles written by Dr. Kehr on German dialects.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The Kurt Kehr Collection of Virginia German Dialects, 1969-1994 is comprised of 18 recordings of German speaking residents of Virginia and West Virginia, conducted by Dr. Kurt Kehr of Mary Baldwin College, in Staunton, Virginia, as well as copies of articles written by Dr. Kehr on German dialects."],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections"],"persname_ssim":["Kehr, Kurt"],"names_coll_ssim":["Kehr, Kurt"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Kehr, Kurt"],"language_ssim":["English, German, and Virginia German"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":76,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:57:12.722Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_205_c02"}},{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_205_c03","type":"Series","attributes":{"title":"Kurt Kehr Interviews D, 1994","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_205_c03#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_205_c03","ref_ssm":["vihart_repositories_4_resources_205_c03"],"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_205_c03","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_205","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_205","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_205","parent_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_205","parent_ssim":["Kurt Kehr Collection of Virginia German Dialects, 1969/1994"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vihart_repositories_4_resources_205"],"title_filing_ssi":"Kurt Kehr Interviews D","title_ssm":["Kurt Kehr Interviews D"],"title_tesim":["Kurt Kehr Interviews D"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Kurt Kehr Interviews D, 1994"],"text":["Kurt Kehr Interviews D, 1994","Kurt Kehr Collection of Virginia German Dialects, 1969/1994"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Kurt Kehr Collection of Virginia German Dialects, 1969/1994"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Kurt Kehr Collection of Virginia German Dialects, 1969/1994"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1994"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["March 1994-April 1994"],"level_ssm":["Series"],"level_ssim":["Series"],"component_level_isim":[1],"sort_isi":56,"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"collection_ssim":["Kurt Kehr Collection of Virginia German Dialects, 1969/1994"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":6,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu). Audio materials may not be reproduced without the consent of the heirs of the participants."],"date_range_isim":[1994],"_nest_path_":"/components#2","timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:57:12.722Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_205","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_205","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_205","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_205","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_205.xml","title_ssm":["Kurt Kehr Collection of Virginia German Dialects"],"title_tesim":["Kurt Kehr Collection of Virginia German Dialects"],"unitdate_ssm":["1969-1994"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1969-1994"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1969/1994"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Kurt Kehr Collection of Virginia German Dialects, 1969/1994"],"text":["Kurt Kehr Collection of Virginia German Dialects, 1969/1994","SC 0206","/repositories/4/resources/205","German language -- Dialects -- Virginia","German language -- Dialects -- West Virginia","German language -- Dialects -- Virginia -- Accents and accentuation","German language -- Dialects -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.)","Pennsylvania German dialect","German language -- Dialects -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Accents and accentuation","Articles","oral histories (literary works)","Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","The collection is arranged into three series:","Articles by Kurt Kehr, 1969-1992. The articles are arranged chronologically by their date of publication.\n      Kurt Kehr Interviews A, 1969-1975. Recordings are arranged in the original order assigned by Kehr.\n      Kurt Kehr Interviews D, March-April 1994. Recordings are arranged in the original order assigned by Kehr.","Dr. Kurt Kehr was a professor and head of the German Department at Mary Baldwin College, in Staunton, Virginia, from 1967-1976. During this time, he interviewed people throughout the Shenandoah Valley and West Virginia areas to learn about various Virginia German dialects. At the point of the donation, Kehr was employed by the Research Institute for German Language at the Philipps-University in Marburg, Germany.","Audiocassette tapes were transferred to gold compact discs for preservation in 2010. Some material had already been lost. Collection was originally assigned Collection Number SC 5028.","The Kurt Kehr Collection of Virginia German Dialects, 1969-1994 is comprised of 18 recordings of German speaking residents of Virginia and West Virginia, conducted by Dr. Kurt Kehr of Mary Baldwin College, in Staunton, Virginia. Kehr was interested in German-Virginia dialects and the topics of interviews included personal histories, requests for translations, discussion of Virginia German terms, and personal stories. This collection contains two sets of interviews. Interviews in Collection A were conducted from 1969-1975, during Kehrs work at Mary Baldwin College. Collection D contains interviews, conducted in 1994, with some of the same participants as Collection A. Both Collection A and D contain photocopies of notes on the interviews by Dr. Kurt Kehr, written largely in German.","The collection also includes a set of articles written by Kehr, based in part on research conducted through the audio recordings. Topics of the articles include the origin of the Virginia Dialect, the impact of religion on language, regional differences in dialects, and German spells used in Virginia and West Virginia.","On the origin of the Virginia German dialect as well as the work of Johann Georg Estors.","On the effect of English and German on the dialect of \"Pennsylvania Germans\" in the Shenandoah Valley/Virginia in terms of hunting terminology.","On the immigration of German settlers to the Virginia area. Kehr describes the effects that English has had on the dialect as well as mentioning multiple other scholars on the topic and their findings.","On the geography and demography of the area, as well as how they affected the various dialects which developed. He also breaks it up into specific geographic areas and shows how they differ from one another in terms of dialect.","On the various religions in the area and their effect on the dialect of the people in that region.","On German spells, which were used in Virginia and West Virginia.","On where German people immigrated to and the various dialects that they brought with them which developed into local variations as a result of the regions they moved into.","On what Kehr is trying to accomplish through his study and how he intends to do so.","On how the Pennsylvania German dialect came about and what specific factors influenced it.","On the Pennsylvania German dialect in terms of literature and its use in writing.","On variances in people's dialects and speech depending on their \"home\" and culture and how that can be interesting to translators and other people who may study dialects.","Interview with Byron Frankhauser in Jerome, Virginia in Shenandoah County, in 1969 with John Stewart and Kurt Kehr. This interview contains Pennsylvania German Dictionary Questionnaire #1, a story read in Virginia German, and then a few questions concerning Frankhauser's demographic information. Stewart begins with reading English sentences, which Frankhauser then translates in his Virginia German dialect. Then Frankhauser reads aloud a short story in Virginia German. Lastly, they close the interview with some questions about the background and childhood of Frankhauser.","Interview with Hattie Foltz, Ollie Miller, Kirby Foltz, and Wilmer Miller from Jerome, Shenandoah County, Virginia in February 1970. This begins with a conversation in Virginia German between the interviewees. They are then asked to provide terms for a variety of colors and animals. They are then asked multiple questions in English and asked to respond in their Virginia German dialect.","Side A: This interview has no formal introduction but contains examples of people speaking Virginia German. It appears to be a group of people such as in Interview #2 and Kehr is conducting the informal interview. Kehr asks the informant to describe old recipes, sayings, cures, songs, and superstitions in order to gain a sense of local traditions in the Virginia German dialect. Side B: Hattie and Kirby Foltz and Ollie and Wilmer Miller from Jerome, Shenandoah County, Virginia in February 1970, interviewed by Kurt Kehr from Mary Baldwin College. When these four interviewees get together they speak Virginia German for the entire day. In this tape Kehr states sentences in English and then the informants repeat the sentence in Virginia German. Kehr alternates between different informants so as to gain an understanding of their various abilities with the language. He also asks for basic words such as counting to twenty, listing days of the week and months of the year. They spend the rest of the interview discussing everyday things such as cooking recipes.","Granville Moyers and his brother Stanley interviewed on 7 June 1975 in Rockingham County, Virginia. First they discuss how often he spoke Virginia German as a child. Then Kehr spends the rest of the interview reading sentences in English and Granville attempts to translate them into dialect.","Informant is 84-year-old male, Ira Wilfong in Montezuma, VA, interviewed on June 9, 1969 by John Stewart and Kurt Kehr. He originally comes from Pendleton County, West Virginia. The interview contains 1) a story about how he built a log cabin 2) word identification in Virginia German from a German dictionary and 3) sentence identification in which Kehr provides the English translation of common German phrases and Ira provides the Virginia German version from his dialect. According to Kehr's documentation, the recording should also include stories and a summation of Ira's life, however the recording goes silent after the sentence identification. The CD contains two tracks; Track 2 is the same as the beginning of Track 1.","Kurt Kehr interviews 84-year-old Ira Wilfong in Montezuma, VA on February 3, 1970. Ira tells stories in Virginia German. At first they discuss bear hunting. Kehr speaks in English and Ira speaks in his Virginia German dialect. Then Kehr asks Ira to identify words for various body parts and characteristics of the bear. Toward the end of the tape (approx. 25 minutes) they switch to the other side of the tape and discuss the background of Ira.","Informant is Ira Wilfong, interviewed by Kurt Kerh on February 10, 1970. Ira describes various animals that he has hunted, such as turkeys and rabbits. All of Ira's descriptions are in Virginia German and Kehr requests more details at the end of each segment. Kehr addresses the informant in English. They also discuss how hunting was accomplished as well as other animals that could be hunted such as the opossum.","The three interviewees are apparently Henry Granville Puffenbarger from Wilfolktown, Pendleton County; Roy Puffenbarger from Brashie Fork, WV; and Granville Fry Puffenbarger from the Sugar Grove area, West Virginia. Interview begins with Kehr reading sentences in English and HG Puffenbarger translating the sentences into his Virginia German dialect. He is also asked to identify the days of the week, the months, numbers, and other such basic words. Kehr then runs through demographic information with HG Puffenbarger who answers questions about his upbringing and his family and their languages. The interviewer also asks many questions about who still lives in the area, who speaks Virginia German, if children still know it, in what situations it is spoken in, and the general history of the area. Kehr runs through the same questions with another unidentified interviewee but then the CD goes silent after approximately 38 minutes.","Interview with Roy Wesley Puffenbarger from Brashie Fork, WV who now lives in Mount Solon, Virginia and another with Floyd and Sally Crummet from Sugar Grove, West Virginia in the beginning of July 1975. In the interview with Roy Wesley Puffinbarger, Kehr reads English words and Puffinbarger translates them into his Virginia German dialect. He asks him to translate some sentences and then Kehr asks which are his most memorable words from the language. Kehr then interviews Floyd Crummet who was born in the 1880's. Kehr reads English words out and Sally and Floyd both attempt to translate the words into dialect. Kehr also asks Floyd and Sally to translate sentences and to identify basics such as numbers, months, and days of the week.","Interview with Floyd Crummet from Sugar Grove, WV, on August 6, 1975. They begin with 40 sentences in which Kehr says a sentence in English and Crummet translates it back into Virginia German. Then Kehr reads words in English and Floyd responds in dialect.","Interview with 1) Ida Simmons from Franklin, WV; 2) Floydie E Propst from Brandywine, WV; and 3) Ella and Hubert Hall from Doe Hill, VA on August 25, 1975. Kehr begins by asking Ida for the Virginia German version of some English words. Then he reads sentences in English, which she translates. He also asks Ida some questions about her family and where she came from. They dedicate a long time to discussing her childhood and family history. This interview also explains the concept of \"slop bucket Dutch\" which is a term introduced in Kehr's article, \"Virginia German between Shenandoah and Potomac.\" After his interview with Ida, he has Floydie sing a song in Virginia German and identify a few words. Lastly, Kehr interviews Ella and Hubert and they begin with a story about Granville Puffenbarger, who recently died. Kehr asks them a few questions about their childhood and upbringing and then ends the interview by asking them for the dialect translation of a few English words.","Side A: Interview with Lewis Martin from Dayton, VA (originally from Ohio but his mother was from Dayton) and Wenkel who gives some personal remarks, numbers, sentences, and finally more selected words in Virginia German. The tape was damaged so all that is actually on the CD is a short interview in which they discuss some words and Kehr asks the interviewee to count in dialect. Around 23 minutes it comes back on and they do some sentence translation where Kehr reads English sentences and the interviewee translates. Side B: Begins at 28 minutes and continues with the Martin interview. Martin works as an interpreter and refers to his language as Pennsylvania Dutch. Kehr reads him sentences in English and he translates them. Kehr also states animal names and other words in English and asks Martin to provide the dialect word for them. They also discuss words that would have been commonly used in their local vocabulary, for example, day-to-day words such as their types of horses or feed or sicknesses.","Recording contains an interview with Irene who is 21 years old and was born in Delaware but lives in Fishersville, VA. Her parents belong to the Mennonite church. Kehr begins the interview by reading sentences in English and having her repeat them in her Virginia German. He also asks her to count and to provide the dialect terms for some English words. They also discuss her religious background in the Pilgrim Christian Fellowship and where her family came from.","Side A: This recording begins with music playing and informants are asked to recognize the song and sing it if they remember it. Throughout this tape one earphone seems to repeat what the other one already said as if they accidentally taped it twice and it echoes itself, which makes it very difficult to understand. The corresponding cassette identifies the people as Lewis Martin, Henry Martin, and Granville Moyers. CD#1 side B (Set D): This CD has similar repetition problems. It begins with an interview between [Granville Moyers] a husband and wife and the husband says a word in Virginia German and the wife attempts to translate it into English. Then Kehr points at objects and the husband gives the dialect word and the wife announces whether or not she understood the word or had heard it before. After word identification they discuss the area in which the husband was raised and whether or not they spoke Virginia German. They finish with Kehr asking for the words for various plants and animals.After that comes an interview with Wilda Beary, who is 65 years old. Kehr reads her English sentences, which she then repeats in dialect. Then Kehr asks her for other Virginia German vocabulary by asking questions such as \"what will you find in your garden?\" They discuss the background of her and her mother in the Virginia German dialect. He also asks her to count numbers, as well as the days of the week and months. Lastly he asks for the Virginia/Pennsylvania Dutch terms for a variety of common household items.","Side A: Interview with Warren James Souder who is 80 years old and lives in Virginia. They begin by discussing his family and ethnic origins. Their discussion of how he and his family came to live in the area takes place in the English language. The majority of this recording actually uses English and mainly discusses who might have spoken the German dialect and in what situations it might have been used. He does identify a few words in the Virginia German dialect though, which were commonly used in his vocabulary while he was growing up. He also gives a quick background on the Lutheran church and his community. Then Kehr moves on to interview Mrs. Souder (Warren's wife) who grew up in southwest Virginia. He interviews her on her background for a short while and asks about why she chose to marry a German. Lastly he switches back to Mr. Souder and they continue to discuss the area (Broadway, Virginia) and the impact of the church and the German dialect. There is also an interview with Roger Smith from Bergton, Virginia. He is 48 years old. They discuss where in Germany his ancestors came from and why they came to Virginia, as well as which people in the area used to speak the Virginia German dialect and who in the town was able to speak it. They also discuss the churches in the area and the role that language played with the churches. Side B: The interview continues the interview at the end of the last CD with Roger Smith. He begins by continuing to list names of people in the area who may have been of German descent. Kehr asks Smith some questions about the settlement patterns of immigrant families in the area. Smith does not seem to be familiar with many of the Virginia German dialect words and Kehr tests him to see which ones he might recognize and if he knows any proverbs or stories from the culture. He also questions Smith on the products in the area and local agriculture, animal life, and business. They also discuss the festivals and other unique characteristics of the area. Then there is an interview with Carl Moyer who is 58 years old. They discuss how Carl's father taught all of his sons the Virginia German dialect. Kehr examines Moyer's familiarity with and ability to identify a multitude of words in the dialect in relation to household products, body parts, numbers, days, hunting, and plants. They also talk more about his family and which members of his family may be able to speak it well and which cannot.","Side A: Interview with Edna Smith who is 81 years old. She married into the Smith family and her husband's mother spoke the Virginia German dialect, which they referred to as Dutch. Kehr reads some words in the Virginia German dialect to test her recognition of the words. Kehr also interviews a very old man (Delmer Moyer's father?) about his history in the area and who could or could not speak the Virginia German dialect. They are in Burgton and the man was a farmer for most of his life. This man tells stories from his life and the interview is entirely in English. They also interview 53–year-old Delmer Moyer. His father taught him how to speak the Virginia German dialect. Kehr asks him for the translation for multiple English words of common household items, counting, animals, and other words he remembers from his childhood. They discuss his various family members and which ones spoke the dialect. There is then an interview of 34-year-old Jesse Hershberger. Kehr reads him 40 sentences, which Hershberger then translates into his Virginia German dialect. Then Kehr asks for identification of basic words. Finally they run through his history in the area. For the remainder of the CD he tells a story about his past in the area in his Virginia German dialect. Side B: This contains an interview with 67-year-old Stanley Moyer. Kehr begins by reading English sentences and Moyer translates them to the dialect. Then Kehr lists some words in English and asks Moyer to provide the Virginia German word. This list includes grains, animals, plants, etc. Kehr also asks him to explain in dialect how he would plant and care for certain foods.","This recording contains an interview with John Beery who is 15 years old. John speaks the Virginia German dialect with his father. Kehr begins by reading sentences in English and asking John to translate them. Next Kehr asks him to identify individual words and numbers. Then Kehr asks him to explain in dialect his background and how he came to speak the dialect. He also asks about the use of the dialect in the community. Then Kehr asks Beery to identify the word in dialect for some of the items in the room. This CD also contains another interview with a man [Irvin Propst] and it begins with Kehr reading sentences in English, which the man repeats in his Virginia German dialect. He had interviewed this same man 20 years earlier, according to the CD. They discuss whether it was easier or harder and what difference 20 years has made in his speaking of the dialect. Kehr also has him count and identify some words in the dialect.","Side A: This recording contains an interview with Irvin Propst (who was born on July 1, 1926 in West Virginia) that begins with Kehr asking him for the translation of various English words. Kehr also asks the man to explain certain things in his dialect such as Groundhog's Day. Mr. Propst explains a little about his mother who taught him the dialect. They speak about different people in the community and their effect on and use of the dialect. Side B: This recording begins with an interview with Ollie Miller who is 78 years old. Sentences are read in English and Miller restates them in his Virginia German dialect. The voices are distorted in this recording, which makes it difficult to understand the interview after a while.","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu). Audio materials may not be reproduced without the consent of the heirs of the participants.","The Kurt Kehr Collection of Virginia German Dialects, 1969-1994 is comprised of 18 recordings of German speaking residents of Virginia and West Virginia, conducted by Dr. Kurt Kehr of Mary Baldwin College, in Staunton, Virginia, as well as copies of articles written by Dr. Kehr on German dialects.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Kehr, Kurt","English, German, and Virginia German"],"collection_title_tesim":["Kurt Kehr Collection of Virginia German Dialects, 1969/1994"],"collection_ssim":["Kurt Kehr Collection of Virginia German Dialects, 1969/1994"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0206","/repositories/4/resources/205"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0206","/repositories/4/resources/205"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"creator_ssm":["Kehr, Kurt"],"creator_ssim":["Kehr, Kurt"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Kehr, Kurt"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections"],"creators_ssim":["Kehr, Kurt","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu). Audio materials may not be reproduced without the consent of the heirs of the participants."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donated by Dr. Kurt Kehr of the Research Institute for German Language at the Philipps-University in Marburg, Germany, on April 13 and September 26, 1994."],"access_subjects_ssim":["German language -- Dialects -- Virginia","German language -- Dialects -- West Virginia","German language -- Dialects -- Virginia -- Accents and accentuation","German language -- Dialects -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.)","Pennsylvania German dialect","German language -- Dialects -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Accents and accentuation","Articles","oral histories (literary works)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["German language -- Dialects -- Virginia","German language -- Dialects -- West Virginia","German language -- Dialects -- Virginia -- Accents and accentuation","German language -- Dialects -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.)","Pennsylvania German dialect","German language -- Dialects -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Accents and accentuation","Articles","oral histories (literary works)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.21 cubic feet 1 box, 18 audiocassettes, 24 CD-Rs"],"extent_tesim":["0.21 cubic feet 1 box, 18 audiocassettes, 24 CD-Rs"],"genreform_ssim":["Articles","oral histories (literary works)"],"date_range_isim":[1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged into three series:\u003c/p\u003e    ","\u003clist numeration=\"arabic\" type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eArticles by Kurt Kehr, 1969-1992. The articles are arranged chronologically by their date of publication.\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eKurt Kehr Interviews A, 1969-1975. Recordings are arranged in the original order assigned by Kehr.\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eKurt Kehr Interviews D, March-April 1994. Recordings are arranged in the original order assigned by Kehr.\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged into three series:","Articles by Kurt Kehr, 1969-1992. The articles are arranged chronologically by their date of publication.\n      Kurt Kehr Interviews A, 1969-1975. Recordings are arranged in the original order assigned by Kehr.\n      Kurt Kehr Interviews D, March-April 1994. Recordings are arranged in the original order assigned by Kehr."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDr. Kurt Kehr was a professor and head of the German Department at Mary Baldwin College, in Staunton, Virginia, from 1967-1976. During this time, he interviewed people throughout the Shenandoah Valley and West Virginia areas to learn about various Virginia German dialects. At the point of the donation, Kehr was employed by the Research Institute for German Language at the Philipps-University in Marburg, Germany.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Dr. Kurt Kehr was a professor and head of the German Department at Mary Baldwin College, in Staunton, Virginia, from 1967-1976. During this time, he interviewed people throughout the Shenandoah Valley and West Virginia areas to learn about various Virginia German dialects. At the point of the donation, Kehr was employed by the Research Institute for German Language at the Philipps-University in Marburg, Germany."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item], [box #: folder #], Kurt Kehr Collection of Virginia German Dialects, 1969-1994, SC 0206, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item], [box #: folder #], Kurt Kehr Collection of Virginia German Dialects, 1969-1994, SC 0206, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAudiocassette tapes were transferred to gold compact discs for preservation in 2010. Some material had already been lost. Collection was originally assigned Collection Number SC 5028.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Audiocassette tapes were transferred to gold compact discs for preservation in 2010. Some material had already been lost. Collection was originally assigned Collection Number SC 5028."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Kurt Kehr Collection of Virginia German Dialects, 1969-1994 is comprised of 18 recordings of German speaking residents of Virginia and West Virginia, conducted by Dr. Kurt Kehr of Mary Baldwin College, in Staunton, Virginia. Kehr was interested in German-Virginia dialects and the topics of interviews included personal histories, requests for translations, discussion of Virginia German terms, and personal stories. This collection contains two sets of interviews. Interviews in Collection A were conducted from 1969-1975, during Kehrs work at Mary Baldwin College. Collection D contains interviews, conducted in 1994, with some of the same participants as Collection A. Both Collection A and D contain photocopies of notes on the interviews by Dr. Kurt Kehr, written largely in German. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe collection also includes a set of articles written by Kehr, based in part on research conducted through the audio recordings. Topics of the articles include the origin of the Virginia Dialect, the impact of religion on language, regional differences in dialects, and German spells used in Virginia and West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eOn the origin of the Virginia German dialect as well as the work of Johann Georg Estors.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOn the effect of English and German on the dialect of \"Pennsylvania Germans\" in the Shenandoah Valley/Virginia in terms of hunting terminology.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOn the immigration of German settlers to the Virginia area. Kehr describes the effects that English has had on the dialect as well as mentioning multiple other scholars on the topic and their findings.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOn the geography and demography of the area, as well as how they affected the various dialects which developed. He also breaks it up into specific geographic areas and shows how they differ from one another in terms of dialect.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOn the various religions in the area and their effect on the dialect of the people in that region.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOn German spells, which were used in Virginia and West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOn where German people immigrated to and the various dialects that they brought with them which developed into local variations as a result of the regions they moved into.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOn what Kehr is trying to accomplish through his study and how he intends to do so.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOn how the Pennsylvania German dialect came about and what specific factors influenced it.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOn the Pennsylvania German dialect in terms of literature and its use in writing.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOn variances in people's dialects and speech depending on their \"home\" and culture and how that can be interesting to translators and other people who may study dialects.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInterview with Byron Frankhauser in Jerome, Virginia in Shenandoah County, in 1969 with John Stewart and Kurt Kehr. This interview contains Pennsylvania German Dictionary Questionnaire #1, a story read in Virginia German, and then a few questions concerning Frankhauser's demographic information. Stewart begins with reading English sentences, which Frankhauser then translates in his Virginia German dialect. Then Frankhauser reads aloud a short story in Virginia German. Lastly, they close the interview with some questions about the background and childhood of Frankhauser.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInterview with Hattie Foltz, Ollie Miller, Kirby Foltz, and Wilmer Miller from Jerome, Shenandoah County, Virginia in February 1970. This begins with a conversation in Virginia German between the interviewees. They are then asked to provide terms for a variety of colors and animals. They are then asked multiple questions in English and asked to respond in their Virginia German dialect.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide A: This interview has no formal introduction but contains examples of people speaking Virginia German. It appears to be a group of people such as in Interview #2 and Kehr is conducting the informal interview. Kehr asks the informant to describe old recipes, sayings, cures, songs, and superstitions in order to gain a sense of local traditions in the Virginia German dialect. Side B: Hattie and Kirby Foltz and Ollie and Wilmer Miller from Jerome, Shenandoah County, Virginia in February 1970, interviewed by Kurt Kehr from Mary Baldwin College. When these four interviewees get together they speak Virginia German for the entire day. In this tape Kehr states sentences in English and then the informants repeat the sentence in Virginia German. Kehr alternates between different informants so as to gain an understanding of their various abilities with the language. He also asks for basic words such as counting to twenty, listing days of the week and months of the year. They spend the rest of the interview discussing everyday things such as cooking recipes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGranville Moyers and his brother Stanley interviewed on 7 June 1975 in Rockingham County, Virginia. First they discuss how often he spoke Virginia German as a child. Then Kehr spends the rest of the interview reading sentences in English and Granville attempts to translate them into dialect.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInformant is 84-year-old male, Ira Wilfong in Montezuma, VA, interviewed on June 9, 1969 by John Stewart and Kurt Kehr. He originally comes from Pendleton County, West Virginia. The interview contains 1) a story about how he built a log cabin 2) word identification in Virginia German from a German dictionary and 3) sentence identification in which Kehr provides the English translation of common German phrases and Ira provides the Virginia German version from his dialect. According to Kehr's documentation, the recording should also include stories and a summation of Ira's life, however the recording goes silent after the sentence identification. The CD contains two tracks; Track 2 is the same as the beginning of Track 1.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eKurt Kehr interviews 84-year-old Ira Wilfong in Montezuma, VA on February 3, 1970. Ira tells stories in Virginia German. At first they discuss bear hunting. Kehr speaks in English and Ira speaks in his Virginia German dialect. Then Kehr asks Ira to identify words for various body parts and characteristics of the bear. Toward the end of the tape (approx. 25 minutes) they switch to the other side of the tape and discuss the background of Ira.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInformant is Ira Wilfong, interviewed by Kurt Kerh on February 10, 1970. Ira describes various animals that he has hunted, such as turkeys and rabbits. All of Ira's descriptions are in Virginia German and Kehr requests more details at the end of each segment. Kehr addresses the informant in English. They also discuss how hunting was accomplished as well as other animals that could be hunted such as the opossum.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe three interviewees are apparently Henry Granville Puffenbarger from Wilfolktown, Pendleton County; Roy Puffenbarger from Brashie Fork, WV; and Granville Fry Puffenbarger from the Sugar Grove area, West Virginia. Interview begins with Kehr reading sentences in English and HG Puffenbarger translating the sentences into his Virginia German dialect. He is also asked to identify the days of the week, the months, numbers, and other such basic words. Kehr then runs through demographic information with HG Puffenbarger who answers questions about his upbringing and his family and their languages. The interviewer also asks many questions about who still lives in the area, who speaks Virginia German, if children still know it, in what situations it is spoken in, and the general history of the area. Kehr runs through the same questions with another unidentified interviewee but then the CD goes silent after approximately 38 minutes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInterview with Roy Wesley Puffenbarger from Brashie Fork, WV who now lives in Mount Solon, Virginia and another with Floyd and Sally Crummet from Sugar Grove, West Virginia in the beginning of July 1975. In the interview with Roy Wesley Puffinbarger, Kehr reads English words and Puffinbarger translates them into his Virginia German dialect. He asks him to translate some sentences and then Kehr asks which are his most memorable words from the language. Kehr then interviews Floyd Crummet who was born in the 1880's. Kehr reads English words out and Sally and Floyd both attempt to translate the words into dialect. Kehr also asks Floyd and Sally to translate sentences and to identify basics such as numbers, months, and days of the week.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInterview with Floyd Crummet from Sugar Grove, WV, on August 6, 1975. They begin with 40 sentences in which Kehr says a sentence in English and Crummet translates it back into Virginia German. Then Kehr reads words in English and Floyd responds in dialect.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInterview with 1) Ida Simmons from Franklin, WV; 2) Floydie E Propst from Brandywine, WV; and 3) Ella and Hubert Hall from Doe Hill, VA on August 25, 1975. Kehr begins by asking Ida for the Virginia German version of some English words. Then he reads sentences in English, which she translates. He also asks Ida some questions about her family and where she came from. They dedicate a long time to discussing her childhood and family history. This interview also explains the concept of \"slop bucket Dutch\" which is a term introduced in Kehr's article, \"Virginia German between Shenandoah and Potomac.\" After his interview with Ida, he has Floydie sing a song in Virginia German and identify a few words. Lastly, Kehr interviews Ella and Hubert and they begin with a story about Granville Puffenbarger, who recently died. Kehr asks them a few questions about their childhood and upbringing and then ends the interview by asking them for the dialect translation of a few English words.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide A: Interview with Lewis Martin from Dayton, VA (originally from Ohio but his mother was from Dayton) and Wenkel who gives some personal remarks, numbers, sentences, and finally more selected words in Virginia German. The tape was damaged so all that is actually on the CD is a short interview in which they discuss some words and Kehr asks the interviewee to count in dialect. Around 23 minutes it comes back on and they do some sentence translation where Kehr reads English sentences and the interviewee translates. Side B: Begins at 28 minutes and continues with the Martin interview. Martin works as an interpreter and refers to his language as Pennsylvania Dutch. Kehr reads him sentences in English and he translates them. Kehr also states animal names and other words in English and asks Martin to provide the dialect word for them. They also discuss words that would have been commonly used in their local vocabulary, for example, day-to-day words such as their types of horses or feed or sicknesses.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecording contains an interview with Irene who is 21 years old and was born in Delaware but lives in Fishersville, VA. Her parents belong to the Mennonite church. Kehr begins the interview by reading sentences in English and having her repeat them in her Virginia German. He also asks her to count and to provide the dialect terms for some English words. They also discuss her religious background in the Pilgrim Christian Fellowship and where her family came from.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide A: This recording begins with music playing and informants are asked to recognize the song and sing it if they remember it. Throughout this tape one earphone seems to repeat what the other one already said as if they accidentally taped it twice and it echoes itself, which makes it very difficult to understand. The corresponding cassette identifies the people as Lewis Martin, Henry Martin, and Granville Moyers. CD#1 side B (Set D): This CD has similar repetition problems. It begins with an interview between [Granville Moyers] a husband and wife and the husband says a word in Virginia German and the wife attempts to translate it into English. Then Kehr points at objects and the husband gives the dialect word and the wife announces whether or not she understood the word or had heard it before. After word identification they discuss the area in which the husband was raised and whether or not they spoke Virginia German. They finish with Kehr asking for the words for various plants and animals.After that comes an interview with Wilda Beary, who is 65 years old. Kehr reads her English sentences, which she then repeats in dialect. Then Kehr asks her for other Virginia German vocabulary by asking questions such as \"what will you find in your garden?\" They discuss the background of her and her mother in the Virginia German dialect. He also asks her to count numbers, as well as the days of the week and months. Lastly he asks for the Virginia/Pennsylvania Dutch terms for a variety of common household items.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide A: Interview with Warren James Souder who is 80 years old and lives in Virginia. They begin by discussing his family and ethnic origins. Their discussion of how he and his family came to live in the area takes place in the English language. The majority of this recording actually uses English and mainly discusses who might have spoken the German dialect and in what situations it might have been used. He does identify a few words in the Virginia German dialect though, which were commonly used in his vocabulary while he was growing up. He also gives a quick background on the Lutheran church and his community. Then Kehr moves on to interview Mrs. Souder (Warren's wife) who grew up in southwest Virginia. He interviews her on her background for a short while and asks about why she chose to marry a German. Lastly he switches back to Mr. Souder and they continue to discuss the area (Broadway, Virginia) and the impact of the church and the German dialect. There is also an interview with Roger Smith from Bergton, Virginia. He is 48 years old. They discuss where in Germany his ancestors came from and why they came to Virginia, as well as which people in the area used to speak the Virginia German dialect and who in the town was able to speak it. They also discuss the churches in the area and the role that language played with the churches. Side B: The interview continues the interview at the end of the last CD with Roger Smith. He begins by continuing to list names of people in the area who may have been of German descent. Kehr asks Smith some questions about the settlement patterns of immigrant families in the area. Smith does not seem to be familiar with many of the Virginia German dialect words and Kehr tests him to see which ones he might recognize and if he knows any proverbs or stories from the culture. He also questions Smith on the products in the area and local agriculture, animal life, and business. They also discuss the festivals and other unique characteristics of the area. Then there is an interview with Carl Moyer who is 58 years old. They discuss how Carl's father taught all of his sons the Virginia German dialect. Kehr examines Moyer's familiarity with and ability to identify a multitude of words in the dialect in relation to household products, body parts, numbers, days, hunting, and plants. They also talk more about his family and which members of his family may be able to speak it well and which cannot.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide A: Interview with Edna Smith who is 81 years old. She married into the Smith family and her husband's mother spoke the Virginia German dialect, which they referred to as Dutch. Kehr reads some words in the Virginia German dialect to test her recognition of the words. Kehr also interviews a very old man (Delmer Moyer's father?) about his history in the area and who could or could not speak the Virginia German dialect. They are in Burgton and the man was a farmer for most of his life. This man tells stories from his life and the interview is entirely in English. They also interview 53–year-old Delmer Moyer. His father taught him how to speak the Virginia German dialect. Kehr asks him for the translation for multiple English words of common household items, counting, animals, and other words he remembers from his childhood. They discuss his various family members and which ones spoke the dialect. There is then an interview of 34-year-old Jesse Hershberger. Kehr reads him 40 sentences, which Hershberger then translates into his Virginia German dialect. Then Kehr asks for identification of basic words. Finally they run through his history in the area. For the remainder of the CD he tells a story about his past in the area in his Virginia German dialect. Side B: This contains an interview with 67-year-old Stanley Moyer. Kehr begins by reading English sentences and Moyer translates them to the dialect. Then Kehr lists some words in English and asks Moyer to provide the Virginia German word. This list includes grains, animals, plants, etc. Kehr also asks him to explain in dialect how he would plant and care for certain foods.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis recording contains an interview with John Beery who is 15 years old. John speaks the Virginia German dialect with his father. Kehr begins by reading sentences in English and asking John to translate them. Next Kehr asks him to identify individual words and numbers. Then Kehr asks him to explain in dialect his background and how he came to speak the dialect. He also asks about the use of the dialect in the community. Then Kehr asks Beery to identify the word in dialect for some of the items in the room. This CD also contains another interview with a man [Irvin Propst] and it begins with Kehr reading sentences in English, which the man repeats in his Virginia German dialect. He had interviewed this same man 20 years earlier, according to the CD. They discuss whether it was easier or harder and what difference 20 years has made in his speaking of the dialect. Kehr also has him count and identify some words in the dialect.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide A: This recording contains an interview with Irvin Propst (who was born on July 1, 1926 in West Virginia) that begins with Kehr asking him for the translation of various English words. Kehr also asks the man to explain certain things in his dialect such as Groundhog's Day. Mr. Propst explains a little about his mother who taught him the dialect. They speak about different people in the community and their effect on and use of the dialect. Side B: This recording begins with an interview with Ollie Miller who is 78 years old. Sentences are read in English and Miller restates them in his Virginia German dialect. The voices are distorted in this recording, which makes it difficult to understand the interview after a while.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Kurt Kehr Collection of Virginia German Dialects, 1969-1994 is comprised of 18 recordings of German speaking residents of Virginia and West Virginia, conducted by Dr. Kurt Kehr of Mary Baldwin College, in Staunton, Virginia. Kehr was interested in German-Virginia dialects and the topics of interviews included personal histories, requests for translations, discussion of Virginia German terms, and personal stories. This collection contains two sets of interviews. Interviews in Collection A were conducted from 1969-1975, during Kehrs work at Mary Baldwin College. Collection D contains interviews, conducted in 1994, with some of the same participants as Collection A. Both Collection A and D contain photocopies of notes on the interviews by Dr. Kurt Kehr, written largely in German.","The collection also includes a set of articles written by Kehr, based in part on research conducted through the audio recordings. Topics of the articles include the origin of the Virginia Dialect, the impact of religion on language, regional differences in dialects, and German spells used in Virginia and West Virginia.","On the origin of the Virginia German dialect as well as the work of Johann Georg Estors.","On the effect of English and German on the dialect of \"Pennsylvania Germans\" in the Shenandoah Valley/Virginia in terms of hunting terminology.","On the immigration of German settlers to the Virginia area. Kehr describes the effects that English has had on the dialect as well as mentioning multiple other scholars on the topic and their findings.","On the geography and demography of the area, as well as how they affected the various dialects which developed. He also breaks it up into specific geographic areas and shows how they differ from one another in terms of dialect.","On the various religions in the area and their effect on the dialect of the people in that region.","On German spells, which were used in Virginia and West Virginia.","On where German people immigrated to and the various dialects that they brought with them which developed into local variations as a result of the regions they moved into.","On what Kehr is trying to accomplish through his study and how he intends to do so.","On how the Pennsylvania German dialect came about and what specific factors influenced it.","On the Pennsylvania German dialect in terms of literature and its use in writing.","On variances in people's dialects and speech depending on their \"home\" and culture and how that can be interesting to translators and other people who may study dialects.","Interview with Byron Frankhauser in Jerome, Virginia in Shenandoah County, in 1969 with John Stewart and Kurt Kehr. This interview contains Pennsylvania German Dictionary Questionnaire #1, a story read in Virginia German, and then a few questions concerning Frankhauser's demographic information. Stewart begins with reading English sentences, which Frankhauser then translates in his Virginia German dialect. Then Frankhauser reads aloud a short story in Virginia German. Lastly, they close the interview with some questions about the background and childhood of Frankhauser.","Interview with Hattie Foltz, Ollie Miller, Kirby Foltz, and Wilmer Miller from Jerome, Shenandoah County, Virginia in February 1970. This begins with a conversation in Virginia German between the interviewees. They are then asked to provide terms for a variety of colors and animals. They are then asked multiple questions in English and asked to respond in their Virginia German dialect.","Side A: This interview has no formal introduction but contains examples of people speaking Virginia German. It appears to be a group of people such as in Interview #2 and Kehr is conducting the informal interview. Kehr asks the informant to describe old recipes, sayings, cures, songs, and superstitions in order to gain a sense of local traditions in the Virginia German dialect. Side B: Hattie and Kirby Foltz and Ollie and Wilmer Miller from Jerome, Shenandoah County, Virginia in February 1970, interviewed by Kurt Kehr from Mary Baldwin College. When these four interviewees get together they speak Virginia German for the entire day. In this tape Kehr states sentences in English and then the informants repeat the sentence in Virginia German. Kehr alternates between different informants so as to gain an understanding of their various abilities with the language. He also asks for basic words such as counting to twenty, listing days of the week and months of the year. They spend the rest of the interview discussing everyday things such as cooking recipes.","Granville Moyers and his brother Stanley interviewed on 7 June 1975 in Rockingham County, Virginia. First they discuss how often he spoke Virginia German as a child. Then Kehr spends the rest of the interview reading sentences in English and Granville attempts to translate them into dialect.","Informant is 84-year-old male, Ira Wilfong in Montezuma, VA, interviewed on June 9, 1969 by John Stewart and Kurt Kehr. He originally comes from Pendleton County, West Virginia. The interview contains 1) a story about how he built a log cabin 2) word identification in Virginia German from a German dictionary and 3) sentence identification in which Kehr provides the English translation of common German phrases and Ira provides the Virginia German version from his dialect. According to Kehr's documentation, the recording should also include stories and a summation of Ira's life, however the recording goes silent after the sentence identification. The CD contains two tracks; Track 2 is the same as the beginning of Track 1.","Kurt Kehr interviews 84-year-old Ira Wilfong in Montezuma, VA on February 3, 1970. Ira tells stories in Virginia German. At first they discuss bear hunting. Kehr speaks in English and Ira speaks in his Virginia German dialect. Then Kehr asks Ira to identify words for various body parts and characteristics of the bear. Toward the end of the tape (approx. 25 minutes) they switch to the other side of the tape and discuss the background of Ira.","Informant is Ira Wilfong, interviewed by Kurt Kerh on February 10, 1970. Ira describes various animals that he has hunted, such as turkeys and rabbits. All of Ira's descriptions are in Virginia German and Kehr requests more details at the end of each segment. Kehr addresses the informant in English. They also discuss how hunting was accomplished as well as other animals that could be hunted such as the opossum.","The three interviewees are apparently Henry Granville Puffenbarger from Wilfolktown, Pendleton County; Roy Puffenbarger from Brashie Fork, WV; and Granville Fry Puffenbarger from the Sugar Grove area, West Virginia. Interview begins with Kehr reading sentences in English and HG Puffenbarger translating the sentences into his Virginia German dialect. He is also asked to identify the days of the week, the months, numbers, and other such basic words. Kehr then runs through demographic information with HG Puffenbarger who answers questions about his upbringing and his family and their languages. The interviewer also asks many questions about who still lives in the area, who speaks Virginia German, if children still know it, in what situations it is spoken in, and the general history of the area. Kehr runs through the same questions with another unidentified interviewee but then the CD goes silent after approximately 38 minutes.","Interview with Roy Wesley Puffenbarger from Brashie Fork, WV who now lives in Mount Solon, Virginia and another with Floyd and Sally Crummet from Sugar Grove, West Virginia in the beginning of July 1975. In the interview with Roy Wesley Puffinbarger, Kehr reads English words and Puffinbarger translates them into his Virginia German dialect. He asks him to translate some sentences and then Kehr asks which are his most memorable words from the language. Kehr then interviews Floyd Crummet who was born in the 1880's. Kehr reads English words out and Sally and Floyd both attempt to translate the words into dialect. Kehr also asks Floyd and Sally to translate sentences and to identify basics such as numbers, months, and days of the week.","Interview with Floyd Crummet from Sugar Grove, WV, on August 6, 1975. They begin with 40 sentences in which Kehr says a sentence in English and Crummet translates it back into Virginia German. Then Kehr reads words in English and Floyd responds in dialect.","Interview with 1) Ida Simmons from Franklin, WV; 2) Floydie E Propst from Brandywine, WV; and 3) Ella and Hubert Hall from Doe Hill, VA on August 25, 1975. Kehr begins by asking Ida for the Virginia German version of some English words. Then he reads sentences in English, which she translates. He also asks Ida some questions about her family and where she came from. They dedicate a long time to discussing her childhood and family history. This interview also explains the concept of \"slop bucket Dutch\" which is a term introduced in Kehr's article, \"Virginia German between Shenandoah and Potomac.\" After his interview with Ida, he has Floydie sing a song in Virginia German and identify a few words. Lastly, Kehr interviews Ella and Hubert and they begin with a story about Granville Puffenbarger, who recently died. Kehr asks them a few questions about their childhood and upbringing and then ends the interview by asking them for the dialect translation of a few English words.","Side A: Interview with Lewis Martin from Dayton, VA (originally from Ohio but his mother was from Dayton) and Wenkel who gives some personal remarks, numbers, sentences, and finally more selected words in Virginia German. The tape was damaged so all that is actually on the CD is a short interview in which they discuss some words and Kehr asks the interviewee to count in dialect. Around 23 minutes it comes back on and they do some sentence translation where Kehr reads English sentences and the interviewee translates. Side B: Begins at 28 minutes and continues with the Martin interview. Martin works as an interpreter and refers to his language as Pennsylvania Dutch. Kehr reads him sentences in English and he translates them. Kehr also states animal names and other words in English and asks Martin to provide the dialect word for them. They also discuss words that would have been commonly used in their local vocabulary, for example, day-to-day words such as their types of horses or feed or sicknesses.","Recording contains an interview with Irene who is 21 years old and was born in Delaware but lives in Fishersville, VA. Her parents belong to the Mennonite church. Kehr begins the interview by reading sentences in English and having her repeat them in her Virginia German. He also asks her to count and to provide the dialect terms for some English words. They also discuss her religious background in the Pilgrim Christian Fellowship and where her family came from.","Side A: This recording begins with music playing and informants are asked to recognize the song and sing it if they remember it. Throughout this tape one earphone seems to repeat what the other one already said as if they accidentally taped it twice and it echoes itself, which makes it very difficult to understand. The corresponding cassette identifies the people as Lewis Martin, Henry Martin, and Granville Moyers. CD#1 side B (Set D): This CD has similar repetition problems. It begins with an interview between [Granville Moyers] a husband and wife and the husband says a word in Virginia German and the wife attempts to translate it into English. Then Kehr points at objects and the husband gives the dialect word and the wife announces whether or not she understood the word or had heard it before. After word identification they discuss the area in which the husband was raised and whether or not they spoke Virginia German. They finish with Kehr asking for the words for various plants and animals.After that comes an interview with Wilda Beary, who is 65 years old. Kehr reads her English sentences, which she then repeats in dialect. Then Kehr asks her for other Virginia German vocabulary by asking questions such as \"what will you find in your garden?\" They discuss the background of her and her mother in the Virginia German dialect. He also asks her to count numbers, as well as the days of the week and months. Lastly he asks for the Virginia/Pennsylvania Dutch terms for a variety of common household items.","Side A: Interview with Warren James Souder who is 80 years old and lives in Virginia. They begin by discussing his family and ethnic origins. Their discussion of how he and his family came to live in the area takes place in the English language. The majority of this recording actually uses English and mainly discusses who might have spoken the German dialect and in what situations it might have been used. He does identify a few words in the Virginia German dialect though, which were commonly used in his vocabulary while he was growing up. He also gives a quick background on the Lutheran church and his community. Then Kehr moves on to interview Mrs. Souder (Warren's wife) who grew up in southwest Virginia. He interviews her on her background for a short while and asks about why she chose to marry a German. Lastly he switches back to Mr. Souder and they continue to discuss the area (Broadway, Virginia) and the impact of the church and the German dialect. There is also an interview with Roger Smith from Bergton, Virginia. He is 48 years old. They discuss where in Germany his ancestors came from and why they came to Virginia, as well as which people in the area used to speak the Virginia German dialect and who in the town was able to speak it. They also discuss the churches in the area and the role that language played with the churches. Side B: The interview continues the interview at the end of the last CD with Roger Smith. He begins by continuing to list names of people in the area who may have been of German descent. Kehr asks Smith some questions about the settlement patterns of immigrant families in the area. Smith does not seem to be familiar with many of the Virginia German dialect words and Kehr tests him to see which ones he might recognize and if he knows any proverbs or stories from the culture. He also questions Smith on the products in the area and local agriculture, animal life, and business. They also discuss the festivals and other unique characteristics of the area. Then there is an interview with Carl Moyer who is 58 years old. They discuss how Carl's father taught all of his sons the Virginia German dialect. Kehr examines Moyer's familiarity with and ability to identify a multitude of words in the dialect in relation to household products, body parts, numbers, days, hunting, and plants. They also talk more about his family and which members of his family may be able to speak it well and which cannot.","Side A: Interview with Edna Smith who is 81 years old. She married into the Smith family and her husband's mother spoke the Virginia German dialect, which they referred to as Dutch. Kehr reads some words in the Virginia German dialect to test her recognition of the words. Kehr also interviews a very old man (Delmer Moyer's father?) about his history in the area and who could or could not speak the Virginia German dialect. They are in Burgton and the man was a farmer for most of his life. This man tells stories from his life and the interview is entirely in English. They also interview 53–year-old Delmer Moyer. His father taught him how to speak the Virginia German dialect. Kehr asks him for the translation for multiple English words of common household items, counting, animals, and other words he remembers from his childhood. They discuss his various family members and which ones spoke the dialect. There is then an interview of 34-year-old Jesse Hershberger. Kehr reads him 40 sentences, which Hershberger then translates into his Virginia German dialect. Then Kehr asks for identification of basic words. Finally they run through his history in the area. For the remainder of the CD he tells a story about his past in the area in his Virginia German dialect. Side B: This contains an interview with 67-year-old Stanley Moyer. Kehr begins by reading English sentences and Moyer translates them to the dialect. Then Kehr lists some words in English and asks Moyer to provide the Virginia German word. This list includes grains, animals, plants, etc. Kehr also asks him to explain in dialect how he would plant and care for certain foods.","This recording contains an interview with John Beery who is 15 years old. John speaks the Virginia German dialect with his father. Kehr begins by reading sentences in English and asking John to translate them. Next Kehr asks him to identify individual words and numbers. Then Kehr asks him to explain in dialect his background and how he came to speak the dialect. He also asks about the use of the dialect in the community. Then Kehr asks Beery to identify the word in dialect for some of the items in the room. This CD also contains another interview with a man [Irvin Propst] and it begins with Kehr reading sentences in English, which the man repeats in his Virginia German dialect. He had interviewed this same man 20 years earlier, according to the CD. They discuss whether it was easier or harder and what difference 20 years has made in his speaking of the dialect. Kehr also has him count and identify some words in the dialect.","Side A: This recording contains an interview with Irvin Propst (who was born on July 1, 1926 in West Virginia) that begins with Kehr asking him for the translation of various English words. Kehr also asks the man to explain certain things in his dialect such as Groundhog's Day. Mr. Propst explains a little about his mother who taught him the dialect. They speak about different people in the community and their effect on and use of the dialect. Side B: This recording begins with an interview with Ollie Miller who is 78 years old. Sentences are read in English and Miller restates them in his Virginia German dialect. The voices are distorted in this recording, which makes it difficult to understand the interview after a while."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu). Audio materials may not be reproduced without the consent of the heirs of the participants.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu). Audio materials may not be reproduced without the consent of the heirs of the participants."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_1c7adf0fa066fa84244bdf293d4f8c88\"\u003eThe Kurt Kehr Collection of Virginia German Dialects, 1969-1994 is comprised of 18 recordings of German speaking residents of Virginia and West Virginia, conducted by Dr. Kurt Kehr of Mary Baldwin College, in Staunton, Virginia, as well as copies of articles written by Dr. Kehr on German dialects.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The Kurt Kehr Collection of Virginia German Dialects, 1969-1994 is comprised of 18 recordings of German speaking residents of Virginia and West Virginia, conducted by Dr. Kurt Kehr of Mary Baldwin College, in Staunton, Virginia, as well as copies of articles written by Dr. Kehr on German dialects."],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections"],"persname_ssim":["Kehr, Kurt"],"names_coll_ssim":["Kehr, Kurt"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Kehr, Kurt"],"language_ssim":["English, German, and Virginia German"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":76,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:57:12.722Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_205_c03"}},{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_567_c02","type":"Series","attributes":{"title":"Ladies Aid Society/Women's Fellowship, 1912/1975","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_567_c02#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eMaterials in this series document the functions of the women's group within the church. This group was called Ladies Aid or Ladies Aid Society in the earliest records up to 1959. Beginning in 1960 within their own records and in other records it is called Women's Fellowship or Women's Fellowship Committee. The bulk of the materials in this series are the program booklets from 1965-1974 that list officers and committee members and outline monthly assignments for the year. Also included in this series are meeting minutes from 1936-1976 (not inclusive) that detail the activities of the group and also include some financial records. The notebook titled \"History of Women's Fellowship of Valley of Virginia\" details the history of women's missionary work in the Virginia Valley Central Congregational Christian Conference as well as the history of the Conference in general.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_567_c02#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_567_c02","ref_ssm":["vihart_repositories_4_resources_567_c02"],"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_567_c02","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_567","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_567","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_567","parent_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_567","parent_ssim":["Bethlehem Stone Church Records, 1844/2011"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vihart_repositories_4_resources_567"],"title_filing_ssi":"Ladies Aid Society/Women's Fellowship","title_ssm":["Ladies Aid Society/Women's Fellowship"],"title_tesim":["Ladies Aid Society/Women's Fellowship"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Ladies Aid Society/Women's Fellowship, 1912/1975"],"text":["Ladies Aid Society/Women's Fellowship, 1912/1975","Bethlehem Stone Church Records, 1844/2011","Materials in this series document the functions of the women's group within the church. This group was called Ladies Aid or Ladies Aid Society in the earliest records up to 1959. Beginning in 1960 within their own records and in other records it is called Women's Fellowship or Women's Fellowship Committee. The bulk of the materials in this series are the program booklets from 1965-1974 that list officers and committee members and outline monthly assignments for the year. Also included in this series are meeting minutes from 1936-1976 (not inclusive) that detail the activities of the group and also include some financial records. The notebook titled \"History of Women's Fellowship of Valley of Virginia\" details the history of women's missionary work in the Virginia Valley Central Congregational Christian Conference as well as the history of the Conference in general."],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Bethlehem Stone Church Records, 1844/2011"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Bethlehem Stone Church Records, 1844/2011"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1912/1975"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1912–1975"],"level_ssm":["Series"],"level_ssim":["Series"],"component_level_isim":[1],"sort_isi":16,"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"collection_ssim":["Bethlehem Stone Church Records, 1844/2011"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":15,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"date_range_isim":[1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials in this series document the functions of the women's group within the church. This group was called Ladies Aid or Ladies Aid Society in the earliest records up to 1959. Beginning in 1960 within their own records and in other records it is called Women's Fellowship or Women's Fellowship Committee. The bulk of the materials in this series are the program booklets from 1965-1974 that list officers and committee members and outline monthly assignments for the year. Also included in this series are meeting minutes from 1936-1976 (not inclusive) that detail the activities of the group and also include some financial records. The notebook titled \"History of Women's Fellowship of Valley of Virginia\" details the history of women's missionary work in the Virginia Valley Central Congregational Christian Conference as well as the history of the Conference in general.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Materials in this series document the functions of the women's group within the church. This group was called Ladies Aid or Ladies Aid Society in the earliest records up to 1959. Beginning in 1960 within their own records and in other records it is called Women's Fellowship or Women's Fellowship Committee. The bulk of the materials in this series are the program booklets from 1965-1974 that list officers and committee members and outline monthly assignments for the year. Also included in this series are meeting minutes from 1936-1976 (not inclusive) that detail the activities of the group and also include some financial records. The notebook titled \"History of Women's Fellowship of Valley of Virginia\" details the history of women's missionary work in the Virginia Valley Central Congregational Christian Conference as well as the history of the Conference in general."],"_nest_path_":"/components#1","timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:57:53.919Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_567","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_567","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_567","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_567","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_567.xml","title_ssm":["Bethlehem Stone Church Records"],"title_tesim":["Bethlehem Stone Church Records"],"unitdate_ssm":["1844-2011","2012"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1844-2011","2012"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1844/2011"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Bethlehem Stone Church Records, 1844/2011"],"text":["Bethlehem Stone Church Records, 1844/2011","SC 0212","/repositories/4/resources/567","Virginia -- History, Local","Church records and registers -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Church buildings -- Virginia -- Sources","Church buildings -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Church records and registers -- Virginia -- Tenth Legion","Church buildings -- Virginia -- Tenth Legion","Church records","Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","The collection is organized into the following four series. All series are arranged chronologically.","Administrative Records, 1844-1979\n      Ladies Aid Society/Women's Fellowship, 1912-1974\n      Sunday School, 1894-1948\n      Church History Materials, 1875-2011","Bethlehem United Church of Christ, commonly called Bethlehem Stone Church, is located in Tenth Legion, just south of New Market, Virginia in the Shenandoah Valley. It was founded in 1844 when Jacob Martz deeded a parcel of land in Tenth Legion to be used as the site for a place of worship. A committee of trustees consisting of John Cowan, Jacob Cowan, Martin Martz, Dorilas Martz, and Jackson Martz was then appointed to superintend the building of the church and Jeremiah Clemons, a local stonemason, was chosen for construction. The church was completed in 1845 and the stone church remained the sole house of worship until 1952 when a second church building was constructed.","During the Civil War the church was used to house Confederate prisoners and also as a makeshift military hospital. The structure was badly damaged during the war and was not repaired until the 1880s. Please see the item titled Written Histories, 1948-1995 in the Church History Materials series for a detailed history of the church and the stone structure. After the Civil War the church was used by several different denominations including the Christian Church, the United Brethren in Christ, and the German Baptist Church. The congregation worshipped in the Stone Church until 1952 when a larger brick church was built on the land beside it. In 1981 Bethlehem Stone Church was added to the Virginia Landmarks Register and in 1985 to the National Register of Historic Places. In 2008 restoration began to the old stone church and was completed in 2011. The structure is now used for special events.","Acquiring the collection was suggested to Dr. Mark Peterson of James Madison University Special Collections, by Dr. Andrew Witmer, history professor at JMU. Dr. Witmer intended to include the collection in his History Harvest project but was unable to do so because of time constraints. Dr. Peterson contacted the church and, with the help of the church's secretary, gathered the collection for digitization in 2012.","The collection was lent to JMU Special Collections for digitization in 2012 and materials were returned to Bethlehem United Church of Christ in 2013. JMU Special Collections originally digitized the materials and processed the images using Adobe Photoshop Elements. Images were re-processed from 2014-2015 by JMU Digital Collections using Adobe Photoshop and Adobe Bridge. PDF files were created using Adobe Acrobat Pro X. Please note that the contrast was adjusted on some images to increase the legibility of the original scans. Additionally, some images do not capture the complete content of the item. JMU Digital Collections has made best efforts to provide the clearest and most complete image possible from the original.","Collection was formerly numbered SC 5037.","The Bethlehem Stone Church Records consist of 46 pdf files that conatin scanned images of documents from the church's first year of operation in 1844 through 2011. The records document church business, governance, and day-to-day operations, as well as the history of the church. Materials include meeting minutes, financial records, attendance and membership records, church programming materials, photographs, and scrapbooks. The earliest documents in the collection include a record of the first organization of the church in August of 1844 and a list of original members. Also contained in the collection are materials documenting the activities of the Sunday School as well as the Women's Fellowship, a women's group within the church. Church history materials include scrapbooks as well as written histories that provide details on the institutional history of the church and the Tenth Legion area.","Items in this series consist of ledgers and notebooks that document the administrative functions of the church and span from the earliest written records in 1844 to 1979. The earliest record book, Church Record Book 1, contains documentation of the first organization of the church in August of 1844, and lists the original members separately as male, female, and colored members. Church Record Book 2 contains the copied text of the original deed of Bethlehem Church from September 1844. Materials within this series contain information related to church business including membership lists, records of deaths, names of elected officials, financial records, and meeting minutes. Financial records in this series include accounts of payments made to the pastor's salary and records for various collections taken within the church. Most items have labels taped to the cover of the ledger or notebook that indicate dates and contents. It is unknown when these notes were written, or by whom.","Materials in this series document the functions of the women's group within the church. This group was called Ladies Aid or Ladies Aid Society in the earliest records up to 1959. Beginning in 1960 within their own records and in other records it is called Women's Fellowship or Women's Fellowship Committee. The bulk of the materials in this series are the program booklets from 1965-1974 that list officers and committee members and outline monthly assignments for the year. Also included in this series are meeting minutes from 1936-1976 (not inclusive) that detail the activities of the group and also include some financial records. The notebook titled \"History of Women's Fellowship of Valley of Virginia\" details the history of women's missionary work in the Virginia Valley Central Congregational Christian Conference as well as the history of the Conference in general.","This series documents the organization and activities of the Sunday School of the church. The Sunday School consisted of classes for children and young adults in the church with Bible instruction and singing. In some of the earliest records the school is referred to as Sabbath School, and as \"S. S\" throughout the records. Ledgers include attendance lists and lists of elected officers for the Sunday School Committee as well as record of the activities of each Sunday School meeting, including hymns and Bible readings. Other contents of the ledgers include financial records and lists of literature and materials purchased for the Sunday School. Note that the earliest Sunday School records are located in the Administrative Records series, in Church Record Book 3, 1883-1894.","Materials in this series document the history of the church. Items include scrapbooks, newspaper clippings, typed and hand-written institutional histories of the church, photographs of the church and church members, and church programs. Many of the typed or written histories of the church were compiled for a 150th anniversary celebration of the old stone church held on June 4, 1995. These histories contain information about the history of religious worship in the Tenth Legion area prior to 1844, going back to the early 1700s. There are also genealogical materials relating to the Martz family, who deeded the land for the church in 1844. Other materials also relate to the 1952 construction of a new church building. See item titled Church History, 1944-2011 for a list of church pastors from 1844-2008. Note that there are multiple instances of duplicate materials contained within this series.","The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The Bethlehem Stone Church Records, 1844-2011, is comprised of 46 pdf files that contains digitized images of church records and documents related to the church and church history from its inception in 1844 through 2011.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Bethlehem Stone Church (Tenth Legion, Va.)","Bethlehem Stone Church (Tenth Legion, Va.) -- History","Bradshaw, Christine","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Bethlehem Stone Church Records, 1844/2011"],"collection_ssim":["Bethlehem Stone Church Records, 1844/2011"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0212","/repositories/4/resources/567"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0212","/repositories/4/resources/567"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"geogname_ssm":["Virginia -- History, Local"],"geogname_ssim":["Virginia -- History, Local"],"places_ssim":["Virginia -- History, Local"],"creator_ssm":["Bradshaw, Christine","Bethlehem Stone Church (Tenth Legion, Va.)"],"creator_ssim":["Bradshaw, Christine","Bethlehem Stone Church (Tenth Legion, Va.)"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Bradshaw, Christine"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Bethlehem Stone Church (Tenth Legion, Va.)","Bethlehem Stone Church (Tenth Legion, Va.) -- History"],"creators_ssim":["Bradshaw, Christine","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Bethlehem Stone Church (Tenth Legion, Va.)","Bethlehem Stone Church (Tenth Legion, Va.) -- History"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Materials lent by Bethlehem United Church of Christ to JMU Special Collections for digitization in 2012."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Church records and registers -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Church buildings -- Virginia -- Sources","Church buildings -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Church records and registers -- Virginia -- Tenth Legion","Church buildings -- Virginia -- Tenth Legion","Church records"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Church records and registers -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Church buildings -- Virginia -- Sources","Church buildings -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Church records and registers -- Virginia -- Tenth Legion","Church buildings -- Virginia -- Tenth Legion","Church records"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["3.51 Gigabytes 46 digital files"],"extent_tesim":["3.51 Gigabytes 46 digital files"],"genreform_ssim":["Church records"],"date_range_isim":[1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is organized into the following four series. All series are arranged chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e    ","\u003clist numeration=\"arabic\" type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eAdministrative Records, 1844-1979\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eLadies Aid Society/Women's Fellowship, 1912-1974\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSunday School, 1894-1948\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eChurch History Materials, 1875-2011\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is organized into the following four series. All series are arranged chronologically.","Administrative Records, 1844-1979\n      Ladies Aid Society/Women's Fellowship, 1912-1974\n      Sunday School, 1894-1948\n      Church History Materials, 1875-2011"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBethlehem United Church of Christ, commonly called Bethlehem Stone Church, is located in Tenth Legion, just south of New Market, Virginia in the Shenandoah Valley. It was founded in 1844 when Jacob Martz deeded a parcel of land in Tenth Legion to be used as the site for a place of worship. A committee of trustees consisting of John Cowan, Jacob Cowan, Martin Martz, Dorilas Martz, and Jackson Martz was then appointed to superintend the building of the church and Jeremiah Clemons, a local stonemason, was chosen for construction. The church was completed in 1845 and the stone church remained the sole house of worship until 1952 when a second church building was constructed.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring the Civil War the church was used to house Confederate prisoners and also as a makeshift military hospital. The structure was badly damaged during the war and was not repaired until the 1880s. Please see the item titled Written Histories, 1948-1995 in the Church History Materials series for a detailed history of the church and the stone structure. After the Civil War the church was used by several different denominations including the Christian Church, the United Brethren in Christ, and the German Baptist Church. The congregation worshipped in the Stone Church until 1952 when a larger brick church was built on the land beside it. In 1981 Bethlehem Stone Church was added to the Virginia Landmarks Register and in 1985 to the National Register of Historic Places. In 2008 restoration began to the old stone church and was completed in 2011. The structure is now used for special events.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Bio/Historical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Bethlehem United Church of Christ, commonly called Bethlehem Stone Church, is located in Tenth Legion, just south of New Market, Virginia in the Shenandoah Valley. It was founded in 1844 when Jacob Martz deeded a parcel of land in Tenth Legion to be used as the site for a place of worship. A committee of trustees consisting of John Cowan, Jacob Cowan, Martin Martz, Dorilas Martz, and Jackson Martz was then appointed to superintend the building of the church and Jeremiah Clemons, a local stonemason, was chosen for construction. The church was completed in 1845 and the stone church remained the sole house of worship until 1952 when a second church building was constructed.","During the Civil War the church was used to house Confederate prisoners and also as a makeshift military hospital. The structure was badly damaged during the war and was not repaired until the 1880s. Please see the item titled Written Histories, 1948-1995 in the Church History Materials series for a detailed history of the church and the stone structure. After the Civil War the church was used by several different denominations including the Christian Church, the United Brethren in Christ, and the German Baptist Church. The congregation worshipped in the Stone Church until 1952 when a larger brick church was built on the land beside it. In 1981 Bethlehem Stone Church was added to the Virginia Landmarks Register and in 1985 to the National Register of Historic Places. In 2008 restoration began to the old stone church and was completed in 2011. The structure is now used for special events."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAcquiring the collection was suggested to Dr. Mark Peterson of James Madison University Special Collections, by Dr. Andrew Witmer, history professor at JMU. Dr. Witmer intended to include the collection in his History Harvest project but was unable to do so because of time constraints. Dr. Peterson contacted the church and, with the help of the church's secretary, gathered the collection for digitization in 2012.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Provenance"],"custodhist_tesim":["Acquiring the collection was suggested to Dr. Mark Peterson of James Madison University Special Collections, by Dr. Andrew Witmer, history professor at JMU. Dr. Witmer intended to include the collection in his History Harvest project but was unable to do so because of time constraints. Dr. Peterson contacted the church and, with the help of the church's secretary, gathered the collection for digitization in 2012."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], Bethlehem Stone Church Records, 1844-2011, SC 0212, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], Bethlehem Stone Church Records, 1844-2011, SC 0212, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection was lent to JMU Special Collections for digitization in 2012 and materials were returned to Bethlehem United Church of Christ in 2013. JMU Special Collections originally digitized the materials and processed the images using Adobe Photoshop Elements. Images were re-processed from 2014-2015 by JMU Digital Collections using Adobe Photoshop and Adobe Bridge. PDF files were created using Adobe Acrobat Pro X. Please note that the contrast was adjusted on some images to increase the legibility of the original scans. Additionally, some images do not capture the complete content of the item. JMU Digital Collections has made best efforts to provide the clearest and most complete image possible from the original.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCollection was formerly numbered SC 5037.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The collection was lent to JMU Special Collections for digitization in 2012 and materials were returned to Bethlehem United Church of Christ in 2013. JMU Special Collections originally digitized the materials and processed the images using Adobe Photoshop Elements. Images were re-processed from 2014-2015 by JMU Digital Collections using Adobe Photoshop and Adobe Bridge. PDF files were created using Adobe Acrobat Pro X. Please note that the contrast was adjusted on some images to increase the legibility of the original scans. Additionally, some images do not capture the complete content of the item. JMU Digital Collections has made best efforts to provide the clearest and most complete image possible from the original.","Collection was formerly numbered SC 5037."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Bethlehem Stone Church Records consist of 46 pdf files that conatin scanned images of documents from the church's first year of operation in 1844 through 2011. The records document church business, governance, and day-to-day operations, as well as the history of the church. Materials include meeting minutes, financial records, attendance and membership records, church programming materials, photographs, and scrapbooks. The earliest documents in the collection include a record of the first organization of the church in August of 1844 and a list of original members. Also contained in the collection are materials documenting the activities of the Sunday School as well as the Women's Fellowship, a women's group within the church. Church history materials include scrapbooks as well as written histories that provide details on the institutional history of the church and the Tenth Legion area.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eItems in this series consist of ledgers and notebooks that document the administrative functions of the church and span from the earliest written records in 1844 to 1979. The earliest record book, Church Record Book 1, contains documentation of the first organization of the church in August of 1844, and lists the original members separately as male, female, and colored members. Church Record Book 2 contains the copied text of the original deed of Bethlehem Church from September 1844. Materials within this series contain information related to church business including membership lists, records of deaths, names of elected officials, financial records, and meeting minutes. Financial records in this series include accounts of payments made to the pastor's salary and records for various collections taken within the church. Most items have labels taped to the cover of the ledger or notebook that indicate dates and contents. It is unknown when these notes were written, or by whom.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMaterials in this series document the functions of the women's group within the church. This group was called Ladies Aid or Ladies Aid Society in the earliest records up to 1959. Beginning in 1960 within their own records and in other records it is called Women's Fellowship or Women's Fellowship Committee. The bulk of the materials in this series are the program booklets from 1965-1974 that list officers and committee members and outline monthly assignments for the year. Also included in this series are meeting minutes from 1936-1976 (not inclusive) that detail the activities of the group and also include some financial records. The notebook titled \"History of Women's Fellowship of Valley of Virginia\" details the history of women's missionary work in the Virginia Valley Central Congregational Christian Conference as well as the history of the Conference in general.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series documents the organization and activities of the Sunday School of the church. The Sunday School consisted of classes for children and young adults in the church with Bible instruction and singing. In some of the earliest records the school is referred to as Sabbath School, and as \"S. S\" throughout the records. Ledgers include attendance lists and lists of elected officers for the Sunday School Committee as well as record of the activities of each Sunday School meeting, including hymns and Bible readings. Other contents of the ledgers include financial records and lists of literature and materials purchased for the Sunday School. Note that the earliest Sunday School records are located in the Administrative Records series, in Church Record Book 3, 1883-1894.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMaterials in this series document the history of the church. Items include scrapbooks, newspaper clippings, typed and hand-written institutional histories of the church, photographs of the church and church members, and church programs. Many of the typed or written histories of the church were compiled for a 150th anniversary celebration of the old stone church held on June 4, 1995. These histories contain information about the history of religious worship in the Tenth Legion area prior to 1844, going back to the early 1700s. There are also genealogical materials relating to the Martz family, who deeded the land for the church in 1844. Other materials also relate to the 1952 construction of a new church building. See item titled Church History, 1944-2011 for a list of church pastors from 1844-2008. Note that there are multiple instances of duplicate materials contained within this series.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Bethlehem Stone Church Records consist of 46 pdf files that conatin scanned images of documents from the church's first year of operation in 1844 through 2011. The records document church business, governance, and day-to-day operations, as well as the history of the church. Materials include meeting minutes, financial records, attendance and membership records, church programming materials, photographs, and scrapbooks. The earliest documents in the collection include a record of the first organization of the church in August of 1844 and a list of original members. Also contained in the collection are materials documenting the activities of the Sunday School as well as the Women's Fellowship, a women's group within the church. Church history materials include scrapbooks as well as written histories that provide details on the institutional history of the church and the Tenth Legion area.","Items in this series consist of ledgers and notebooks that document the administrative functions of the church and span from the earliest written records in 1844 to 1979. The earliest record book, Church Record Book 1, contains documentation of the first organization of the church in August of 1844, and lists the original members separately as male, female, and colored members. Church Record Book 2 contains the copied text of the original deed of Bethlehem Church from September 1844. Materials within this series contain information related to church business including membership lists, records of deaths, names of elected officials, financial records, and meeting minutes. Financial records in this series include accounts of payments made to the pastor's salary and records for various collections taken within the church. Most items have labels taped to the cover of the ledger or notebook that indicate dates and contents. It is unknown when these notes were written, or by whom.","Materials in this series document the functions of the women's group within the church. This group was called Ladies Aid or Ladies Aid Society in the earliest records up to 1959. Beginning in 1960 within their own records and in other records it is called Women's Fellowship or Women's Fellowship Committee. The bulk of the materials in this series are the program booklets from 1965-1974 that list officers and committee members and outline monthly assignments for the year. Also included in this series are meeting minutes from 1936-1976 (not inclusive) that detail the activities of the group and also include some financial records. The notebook titled \"History of Women's Fellowship of Valley of Virginia\" details the history of women's missionary work in the Virginia Valley Central Congregational Christian Conference as well as the history of the Conference in general.","This series documents the organization and activities of the Sunday School of the church. The Sunday School consisted of classes for children and young adults in the church with Bible instruction and singing. In some of the earliest records the school is referred to as Sabbath School, and as \"S. S\" throughout the records. Ledgers include attendance lists and lists of elected officers for the Sunday School Committee as well as record of the activities of each Sunday School meeting, including hymns and Bible readings. Other contents of the ledgers include financial records and lists of literature and materials purchased for the Sunday School. Note that the earliest Sunday School records are located in the Administrative Records series, in Church Record Book 3, 1883-1894.","Materials in this series document the history of the church. Items include scrapbooks, newspaper clippings, typed and hand-written institutional histories of the church, photographs of the church and church members, and church programs. Many of the typed or written histories of the church were compiled for a 150th anniversary celebration of the old stone church held on June 4, 1995. These histories contain information about the history of religious worship in the Tenth Legion area prior to 1844, going back to the early 1700s. There are also genealogical materials relating to the Martz family, who deeded the land for the church in 1844. Other materials also relate to the 1952 construction of a new church building. See item titled Church History, 1944-2011 for a list of church pastors from 1844-2008. Note that there are multiple instances of duplicate materials contained within this series."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_e411dd58289ec1c9c7e9de120b054656\"\u003eThe Bethlehem Stone Church Records, 1844-2011, is comprised of 46 pdf files that contains digitized images of church records and documents related to the church and church history from its inception in 1844 through 2011.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The Bethlehem Stone Church Records, 1844-2011, is comprised of 46 pdf files that contains digitized images of church records and documents related to the church and church history from its inception in 1844 through 2011."],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Bethlehem Stone Church (Tenth Legion, Va.)","Bethlehem Stone Church (Tenth Legion, Va.) -- History"],"names_coll_ssim":["Bethlehem Stone Church (Tenth Legion, Va.)","Bethlehem Stone Church (Tenth Legion, Va.) -- History","Bradshaw, Christine"],"persname_ssim":["Bradshaw, Christine"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Bethlehem Stone Church (Tenth Legion, Va.)","Bethlehem Stone Church (Tenth Legion, Va.) -- History","Bradshaw, Christine"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":50,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:57:53.919Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_567_c02"}},{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_607_c06","type":"Series","attributes":{"title":"Laura Brumback Grove Correspondence, 1886/1926","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_607_c06#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eSeries 6: Laura Brumback Grove Correspondence, 1886-1926, deals with correspondence received by Laura Brumback Grove between 1886 and 1926. Much of Laura's correspondence is from her children and step-children. Many of the envelopes are addressed not only to Laura but also to J.W (John William), but the greetings to these letters are always addressed to \"Mama\" or \"Aunt Laura.\" Most of the correspondence during 1924 are letters of condolences and sympathies after John William Grove's death.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_607_c06#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_607_c06","ref_ssm":["vihart_repositories_4_resources_607_c06"],"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_607_c06","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_607","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_607","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_607","parent_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_607","parent_ssim":["Grove Family Papers, 1884/1932"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vihart_repositories_4_resources_607"],"title_filing_ssi":"Laura Brumback Grove Correspondence","title_ssm":["Laura Brumback Grove Correspondence"],"title_tesim":["Laura Brumback Grove Correspondence"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Laura Brumback Grove Correspondence, 1886/1926"],"text":["Laura Brumback Grove Correspondence, 1886/1926","Grove Family Papers, 1884/1932","Series 6: Laura Brumback Grove Correspondence, 1886-1926, deals with correspondence received by Laura Brumback Grove between 1886 and 1926. Much of Laura's correspondence is from her children and step-children. Many of the envelopes are addressed not only to Laura but also to J.W (John William), but the greetings to these letters are always addressed to \"Mama\" or \"Aunt Laura.\" Most of the correspondence during 1924 are letters of condolences and sympathies after John William Grove's death."],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Grove Family Papers, 1884/1932"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Grove Family Papers, 1884/1932"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1886/1926"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1886-1926"],"level_ssm":["Series"],"level_ssim":["Series"],"component_level_isim":[1],"sort_isi":194,"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"collection_ssim":["Grove Family Papers, 1884/1932"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":14,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"date_range_isim":[1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSeries 6: Laura Brumback Grove Correspondence, 1886-1926, deals with correspondence received by Laura Brumback Grove between 1886 and 1926. Much of Laura's correspondence is from her children and step-children. Many of the envelopes are addressed not only to Laura but also to J.W (John William), but the greetings to these letters are always addressed to \"Mama\" or \"Aunt Laura.\" Most of the correspondence during 1924 are letters of condolences and sympathies after John William Grove's death.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Series 6: Laura Brumback Grove Correspondence, 1886-1926, deals with correspondence received by Laura Brumback Grove between 1886 and 1926. Much of Laura's correspondence is from her children and step-children. Many of the envelopes are addressed not only to Laura but also to J.W (John William), but the greetings to these letters are always addressed to \"Mama\" or \"Aunt Laura.\" Most of the correspondence during 1924 are letters of condolences and sympathies after John William Grove's death."],"_nest_path_":"/components#5","timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:57:53.919Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_607","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_607","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_607","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_607","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_607.xml","title_ssm":["Grove Family Papers"],"title_tesim":["Grove Family Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1884-1932"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1884-1932"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1884/1932"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Grove Family Papers, 1884/1932"],"text":["Grove Family Papers, 1884/1932","SC 0292","/repositories/4/resources/607","Page County (Va.) -- History","Page County (Va.) -- Genealogy","Page County (Va.) -- Social life and customs","Luray (Va.) -- History","Letters (correspondence)","Christmas cards","Printed Ephemera","Newspaper clippings","Photographs","Advertisements","Pamphlets","Family papers","Collection open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","The collection is arranged in nine series, with the first eight series comprising family correspondence, arranged by recipient and chronologically. Series 9 consists of ephemera accumulated by the family and is arranged alphabetically.","Grove Family Correspondence, 1884-1932\n      Arthur Ashby Grove Correspondence, 1892-1932\n      Julia Anita Grove Correspondence, 1900-1932\n      Jessie Grove Hershberger Correspondence, 1903-1932\n      Harold Elton Grove Correspondence, 1920-1932\n      Laura Brumback Grove Correspondence, 1886-1926\n      John William Grove Correspondence, 1890-1924\n      Charles H. Grove Correspondence, 1891-1930\n      Ephemera, 1887-1932","\"Corp John William Grove (1844-1924) - Find A Grave...\" Find A Grave. Accessed June 11, 2019. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/8423540/john-william-grove.","\"Women's College Finals This Week.\" Times Dispatch (Richmond, VA), May 23, 1910. https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85038615/1910-05-23/ed-1/seq-12/#date1=1900\u0026index=1\u0026date2=1930\u0026searchType=advanced\u0026language=\u0026sequence=0\u0026words=Anita+Grove\u0026proxdistance=5\u0026state=Virginia\u0026rows=20\u0026ortext=\u0026proxtext=Anita+Grove\u0026phrasetext=\u0026andtext=\u0026dateFilterType=yearRange\u0026page=1","John William Grove was born December 16, 1844, in Luray, Page County, Virginia. As an adult, he served as a Corporal with the Confederate Army from 1863-1865 as part of the 35th Battalion of the Virginia Cavalry until being paroled from the army on May 8, 1865. He then married Eliza Jane Koontz (1850-1871) in 1869 and had two children: Ella Grove (1870-1932) and William Wallace Grove (1872-1874). After Eliza's death on October 19, 1871, John William Grove married Laura Ann Brumback (1851-1926), and had four children with her: Arthur Ashby Grove (1883 - 1940), Jessimine \"Jessie\" Lee Grove (1887 - 1966), Harold Elton Grove (1889 - 1970), and Julia Anita Grove (1892 - 1976). In the mid-1880s, John William Grove opened the Grove and Brothers store with his brother Charles H. Grove (1849 –1925) in Luray. John William Grove's sons Arthur and Harold took over the store after their father's  death in August 1924.","Arthur, often addressed as A. A. Grove, was a member of the National Guard and veteran of World War I, having fought in France as part of the 116th Infantry, 29th Division. He was also an active member of the community, participating in the Luray Rotary Club, the Summers-Koontz Camp No. 490, Sons of Confederate Veterans, and others.","After receiving her bachelor's degree in music from Vassar College in 1910, Julia \"Anita\" Grove became a music teacher and spent several months almost every year traveling throughout the United States visiting relatives (e.g., cousins, extended family) and friends of the family or friends from her time at school.","Jessie Grove married William Pendleton Hershberger on January 28, 1919.","Duplicates of brochures in the ephemera were discarded as well as blank envelopes or sheets of paper found amidst the correspondence.","The Grove Family Papers, 1884-1932, consist of 21 boxes, primarily comprising family correspondence. The bulk of the collection is made up of family correspondence and the rest is made up of ephemera collected by the family. The correspondence is mainly letters sent to the group or individual indicated by the series, with the bulk of the correspondence in this collection being letters sent to Arthur and Julia Grove. Most of the letters concern updates concerning other family members and the community. Much of the collection consists of holiday cards sent to all members of the Grove Family over the years.","Series 1: Grove Family Correspondence, 1884-1932, comprises correspondence that is either addressed to the Grove Family or correspondence for which there is no discernable individual family member that is the sender. Correspondence addressed to Elizabeth P. Barry, a friend of Julia and Jessie Grove, is included in this series. Most of the series is made up of correspondence either to the Grove and Brother Store from satisfied customers (thanking them for gifts, discounts, etc) or small holiday cards and wedding invitations from other members of the community.","Series 2: Arthur Ashby Grove Correspondence, 1892-1932, deals with the correspondence received by Arthur Ashby Grove between 1892 and 1932. Some interesting items in this series include letters sent by family while he was away training with the national guard in Virginia Beach and Richmond, Virginia and in Brownsville, Texas  (dropping hints about potential brides in the area), some documents pertaining to military orders,inspections, some letters written in French, a letter from Anita telling Arthur about her first music pupil, letters from former comrades, and a letter written in 1922 from a Bulah Patterson that briefly asks Arthur's opinion on the Ku Klux Klan.","Series 3: Julia Anita Grove Correspondence, 1900-1932, deals with the correspondence received by Julia Anita Grove between the years 1900 and 1932. Most of the correspondence in this series come from family members and friends asking her about her travels and updating her on day-to-day activities in Luray. Examples of updates include a new \"Ford shop\" being built and their parents buying a new car, and an item of note is a souvenir folder from Rochester, New York that holds drawings of landmarks and facts about the city.","Series 4: Jessie Grove Hershberger Correspondence, 1903-1932, comprises correspondence received by Jessie Grove Hershberger between the years 1903 and 1932. Most of the correspondence is addressed to \"Mrs. William P. Hershberger\" or \"Jessie Grove.\" Some interesting items include a small note where Jessie and Harold are invited to a spelling bee and instructed to \"impersonate country school-children\" in 1907 and a letter from a friend named Lottie in which she recounts interactions with patients in a hospital and asks Jessie for relationship advice (telling Jessie to \"destroy the letter\" after reading it).","Series 5: Harold Elton Grove Correspondence, 1920-1932, includes correspondence received by Harold Elton Grove between the years 1920-1932. Much of the correspondence comprises postcards from his relatives, updating him on the weather and sights. Some of the postcards come from Wyoming, New York, and Atlantic City.","Series 6: Laura Brumback Grove Correspondence, 1886-1926, deals with correspondence received by Laura Brumback Grove between 1886 and 1926. Much of Laura's correspondence is from her children and step-children. Many of the envelopes are addressed not only to Laura but also to J.W (John William), but the greetings to these letters are always addressed to \"Mama\" or \"Aunt Laura.\" Most of the correspondence during 1924 are letters of condolences and sympathies after John William Grove's death.","Series 7: John William Grove Correspondence, 1890-1924, deals with correspondence received by John William Grove between 1890 and 1924. Much of the correspondence comprises marriage and graduation invitations, holiday cards, and two letters written in 1924: one from his wife Laura and the other from his daughter Jessie.","Series 8: Charles H. Grove Correspondence, 1891-1930, deals with correspondence received by Charles H. Grove between 1891 and 1930. As with his brother John, Charles's correspondence includes marriage announcements and graduation invitations, some letters from hotels asking for his business, and a couple of postcards from Anita telling him about her travels.","Series 9: Ephemera, 1887-1932, includes myriad ephemeral materials that were accumulated the Grove Family. The series is arranged alphabetically. Some items of note within this series include military ephemera (containing some transfer orders and programs to numerous military events); music education ephemera (which include sheet music and small booklets pertaining to the popular songs of the time); some photos of a storefront and two unidentified individuals; and travel brochures, maps, and promotional materials of Virginia and other locations.","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The Grove Family Papers, 1884-1932, consists of correspondence and ephemera from the Grove Family of Luray in Page County, Virginia.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Green Valley Auctions, Inc.","Grove family","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Grove Family Papers, 1884/1932"],"collection_ssim":["Grove Family Papers, 1884/1932"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0292","/repositories/4/resources/607"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0292","/repositories/4/resources/607"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"geogname_ssm":["Page County (Va.) -- History","Page County (Va.) -- Genealogy","Page County (Va.) -- Social life and customs","Luray (Va.) -- History"],"geogname_ssim":["Page County (Va.) -- History","Page County (Va.) -- Genealogy","Page County (Va.) -- Social life and customs","Luray (Va.) -- History"],"places_ssim":["Page County (Va.) -- History","Page County (Va.) -- Genealogy","Page County (Va.) -- Social life and customs","Luray (Va.) -- History"],"creator_ssm":["Grove family","Green Valley Auctions, Inc."],"creator_ssim":["Grove family","Green Valley Auctions, Inc."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Green Valley Auctions, Inc."],"creator_famname_ssim":["Grove family"],"creators_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Green Valley Auctions, Inc.","Grove family"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was acquired at the Large Antiques and Firearms Estate auction held by Green Valley Auctions on January 16, 2018."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Letters (correspondence)","Christmas cards","Printed Ephemera","Newspaper clippings","Photographs","Advertisements","Pamphlets","Family papers"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Letters (correspondence)","Christmas cards","Printed Ephemera","Newspaper clippings","Photographs","Advertisements","Pamphlets","Family papers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["6.93 cubic feet 21 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["6.93 cubic feet 21 boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["Letters (correspondence)","Christmas cards","Printed Ephemera","Newspaper clippings","Photographs","Advertisements","Pamphlets","Family papers"],"date_range_isim":[1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged in nine series, with the first eight series comprising family correspondence, arranged by recipient and chronologically. Series 9 consists of ephemera accumulated by the family and is arranged alphabetically.\u003c/p\u003e    ","\u003clist numeration=\"arabic\" type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eGrove Family Correspondence, 1884-1932\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eArthur Ashby Grove Correspondence, 1892-1932\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eJulia Anita Grove Correspondence, 1900-1932\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eJessie Grove Hershberger Correspondence, 1903-1932\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eHarold Elton Grove Correspondence, 1920-1932\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eLaura Brumback Grove Correspondence, 1886-1926\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eJohn William Grove Correspondence, 1890-1924\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eCharles H. Grove Correspondence, 1891-1930\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eEphemera, 1887-1932\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged in nine series, with the first eight series comprising family correspondence, arranged by recipient and chronologically. Series 9 consists of ephemera accumulated by the family and is arranged alphabetically.","Grove Family Correspondence, 1884-1932\n      Arthur Ashby Grove Correspondence, 1892-1932\n      Julia Anita Grove Correspondence, 1900-1932\n      Jessie Grove Hershberger Correspondence, 1903-1932\n      Harold Elton Grove Correspondence, 1920-1932\n      Laura Brumback Grove Correspondence, 1886-1926\n      John William Grove Correspondence, 1890-1924\n      Charles H. Grove Correspondence, 1891-1930\n      Ephemera, 1887-1932"],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cbibref\u003e\"Corp John William Grove (1844-1924) - Find A Grave...\" Find A Grave. Accessed June 11, 2019. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/8423540/john-william-grove.\u003c/bibref\u003e\n    ","\u003cbibref\u003e\"Women's College Finals This Week.\" Times Dispatch (Richmond, VA), May 23, 1910. https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85038615/1910-05-23/ed-1/seq-12/#date1=1900\u0026amp;index=1\u0026amp;date2=1930\u0026amp;searchType=advanced\u0026amp;language=\u0026amp;sequence=0\u0026amp;words=Anita+Grove\u0026amp;proxdistance=5\u0026amp;state=Virginia\u0026amp;rows=20\u0026amp;ortext=\u0026amp;proxtext=Anita+Grove\u0026amp;phrasetext=\u0026amp;andtext=\u0026amp;dateFilterType=yearRange\u0026amp;page=1\u003c/bibref\u003e\n  "],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["\"Corp John William Grove (1844-1924) - Find A Grave...\" Find A Grave. Accessed June 11, 2019. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/8423540/john-william-grove.","\"Women's College Finals This Week.\" Times Dispatch (Richmond, VA), May 23, 1910. https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85038615/1910-05-23/ed-1/seq-12/#date1=1900\u0026index=1\u0026date2=1930\u0026searchType=advanced\u0026language=\u0026sequence=0\u0026words=Anita+Grove\u0026proxdistance=5\u0026state=Virginia\u0026rows=20\u0026ortext=\u0026proxtext=Anita+Grove\u0026phrasetext=\u0026andtext=\u0026dateFilterType=yearRange\u0026page=1"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJohn William Grove was born December 16, 1844, in Luray, Page County, Virginia. As an adult, he served as a Corporal with the Confederate Army from 1863-1865 as part of the 35th Battalion of the Virginia Cavalry until being paroled from the army on May 8, 1865. He then married Eliza Jane Koontz (1850-1871) in 1869 and had two children: Ella Grove (1870-1932) and William Wallace Grove (1872-1874). After Eliza's death on October 19, 1871, John William Grove married Laura Ann Brumback (1851-1926), and had four children with her: Arthur Ashby Grove (1883 - 1940), Jessimine \"Jessie\" Lee Grove (1887 - 1966), Harold Elton Grove (1889 - 1970), and Julia Anita Grove (1892 - 1976). In the mid-1880s, John William Grove opened the Grove and Brothers store with his brother Charles H. Grove (1849 –1925) in Luray. John William Grove's sons Arthur and Harold took over the store after their father's  death in August 1924.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArthur, often addressed as A. A. Grove, was a member of the National Guard and veteran of World War I, having fought in France as part of the 116th Infantry, 29th Division. He was also an active member of the community, participating in the Luray Rotary Club, the Summers-Koontz Camp No. 490, Sons of Confederate Veterans, and others. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAfter receiving her bachelor's degree in music from Vassar College in 1910, Julia \"Anita\" Grove became a music teacher and spent several months almost every year traveling throughout the United States visiting relatives (e.g., cousins, extended family) and friends of the family or friends from her time at school. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJessie Grove married William Pendleton Hershberger on January 28, 1919.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Bio/Historical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["John William Grove was born December 16, 1844, in Luray, Page County, Virginia. As an adult, he served as a Corporal with the Confederate Army from 1863-1865 as part of the 35th Battalion of the Virginia Cavalry until being paroled from the army on May 8, 1865. He then married Eliza Jane Koontz (1850-1871) in 1869 and had two children: Ella Grove (1870-1932) and William Wallace Grove (1872-1874). After Eliza's death on October 19, 1871, John William Grove married Laura Ann Brumback (1851-1926), and had four children with her: Arthur Ashby Grove (1883 - 1940), Jessimine \"Jessie\" Lee Grove (1887 - 1966), Harold Elton Grove (1889 - 1970), and Julia Anita Grove (1892 - 1976). In the mid-1880s, John William Grove opened the Grove and Brothers store with his brother Charles H. Grove (1849 –1925) in Luray. John William Grove's sons Arthur and Harold took over the store after their father's  death in August 1924.","Arthur, often addressed as A. A. Grove, was a member of the National Guard and veteran of World War I, having fought in France as part of the 116th Infantry, 29th Division. He was also an active member of the community, participating in the Luray Rotary Club, the Summers-Koontz Camp No. 490, Sons of Confederate Veterans, and others.","After receiving her bachelor's degree in music from Vassar College in 1910, Julia \"Anita\" Grove became a music teacher and spent several months almost every year traveling throughout the United States visiting relatives (e.g., cousins, extended family) and friends of the family or friends from her time at school.","Jessie Grove married William Pendleton Hershberger on January 28, 1919."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Grove Family Papers, 1884-1932, SC 0292, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Grove Family Papers, 1884-1932, SC 0292, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDuplicates of brochures in the ephemera were discarded as well as blank envelopes or sheets of paper found amidst the correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Duplicates of brochures in the ephemera were discarded as well as blank envelopes or sheets of paper found amidst the correspondence."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Grove Family Papers, 1884-1932, consist of 21 boxes, primarily comprising family correspondence. The bulk of the collection is made up of family correspondence and the rest is made up of ephemera collected by the family. The correspondence is mainly letters sent to the group or individual indicated by the series, with the bulk of the correspondence in this collection being letters sent to Arthur and Julia Grove. Most of the letters concern updates concerning other family members and the community. Much of the collection consists of holiday cards sent to all members of the Grove Family over the years.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1: Grove Family Correspondence, 1884-1932, comprises correspondence that is either addressed to the Grove Family or correspondence for which there is no discernable individual family member that is the sender. Correspondence addressed to Elizabeth P. Barry, a friend of Julia and Jessie Grove, is included in this series. Most of the series is made up of correspondence either to the Grove and Brother Store from satisfied customers (thanking them for gifts, discounts, etc) or small holiday cards and wedding invitations from other members of the community.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2: Arthur Ashby Grove Correspondence, 1892-1932, deals with the correspondence received by Arthur Ashby Grove between 1892 and 1932. Some interesting items in this series include letters sent by family while he was away training with the national guard in Virginia Beach and Richmond, Virginia and in Brownsville, Texas  (dropping hints about potential brides in the area), some documents pertaining to military orders,inspections, some letters written in French, a letter from Anita telling Arthur about her first music pupil, letters from former comrades, and a letter written in 1922 from a Bulah Patterson that briefly asks Arthur's opinion on the Ku Klux Klan.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 3: Julia Anita Grove Correspondence, 1900-1932, deals with the correspondence received by Julia Anita Grove between the years 1900 and 1932. Most of the correspondence in this series come from family members and friends asking her about her travels and updating her on day-to-day activities in Luray. Examples of updates include a new \"Ford shop\" being built and their parents buying a new car, and an item of note is a souvenir folder from Rochester, New York that holds drawings of landmarks and facts about the city.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 4: Jessie Grove Hershberger Correspondence, 1903-1932, comprises correspondence received by Jessie Grove Hershberger between the years 1903 and 1932. Most of the correspondence is addressed to \"Mrs. William P. Hershberger\" or \"Jessie Grove.\" Some interesting items include a small note where Jessie and Harold are invited to a spelling bee and instructed to \"impersonate country school-children\" in 1907 and a letter from a friend named Lottie in which she recounts interactions with patients in a hospital and asks Jessie for relationship advice (telling Jessie to \"destroy the letter\" after reading it).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 5: Harold Elton Grove Correspondence, 1920-1932, includes correspondence received by Harold Elton Grove between the years 1920-1932. Much of the correspondence comprises postcards from his relatives, updating him on the weather and sights. Some of the postcards come from Wyoming, New York, and Atlantic City.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 6: Laura Brumback Grove Correspondence, 1886-1926, deals with correspondence received by Laura Brumback Grove between 1886 and 1926. Much of Laura's correspondence is from her children and step-children. Many of the envelopes are addressed not only to Laura but also to J.W (John William), but the greetings to these letters are always addressed to \"Mama\" or \"Aunt Laura.\" Most of the correspondence during 1924 are letters of condolences and sympathies after John William Grove's death.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 7: John William Grove Correspondence, 1890-1924, deals with correspondence received by John William Grove between 1890 and 1924. Much of the correspondence comprises marriage and graduation invitations, holiday cards, and two letters written in 1924: one from his wife Laura and the other from his daughter Jessie.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 8: Charles H. Grove Correspondence, 1891-1930, deals with correspondence received by Charles H. Grove between 1891 and 1930. As with his brother John, Charles's correspondence includes marriage announcements and graduation invitations, some letters from hotels asking for his business, and a couple of postcards from Anita telling him about her travels.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 9: Ephemera, 1887-1932, includes myriad ephemeral materials that were accumulated the Grove Family. The series is arranged alphabetically. Some items of note within this series include military ephemera (containing some transfer orders and programs to numerous military events); music education ephemera (which include sheet music and small booklets pertaining to the popular songs of the time); some photos of a storefront and two unidentified individuals; and travel brochures, maps, and promotional materials of Virginia and other locations.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Grove Family Papers, 1884-1932, consist of 21 boxes, primarily comprising family correspondence. The bulk of the collection is made up of family correspondence and the rest is made up of ephemera collected by the family. The correspondence is mainly letters sent to the group or individual indicated by the series, with the bulk of the correspondence in this collection being letters sent to Arthur and Julia Grove. Most of the letters concern updates concerning other family members and the community. Much of the collection consists of holiday cards sent to all members of the Grove Family over the years.","Series 1: Grove Family Correspondence, 1884-1932, comprises correspondence that is either addressed to the Grove Family or correspondence for which there is no discernable individual family member that is the sender. Correspondence addressed to Elizabeth P. Barry, a friend of Julia and Jessie Grove, is included in this series. Most of the series is made up of correspondence either to the Grove and Brother Store from satisfied customers (thanking them for gifts, discounts, etc) or small holiday cards and wedding invitations from other members of the community.","Series 2: Arthur Ashby Grove Correspondence, 1892-1932, deals with the correspondence received by Arthur Ashby Grove between 1892 and 1932. Some interesting items in this series include letters sent by family while he was away training with the national guard in Virginia Beach and Richmond, Virginia and in Brownsville, Texas  (dropping hints about potential brides in the area), some documents pertaining to military orders,inspections, some letters written in French, a letter from Anita telling Arthur about her first music pupil, letters from former comrades, and a letter written in 1922 from a Bulah Patterson that briefly asks Arthur's opinion on the Ku Klux Klan.","Series 3: Julia Anita Grove Correspondence, 1900-1932, deals with the correspondence received by Julia Anita Grove between the years 1900 and 1932. Most of the correspondence in this series come from family members and friends asking her about her travels and updating her on day-to-day activities in Luray. Examples of updates include a new \"Ford shop\" being built and their parents buying a new car, and an item of note is a souvenir folder from Rochester, New York that holds drawings of landmarks and facts about the city.","Series 4: Jessie Grove Hershberger Correspondence, 1903-1932, comprises correspondence received by Jessie Grove Hershberger between the years 1903 and 1932. Most of the correspondence is addressed to \"Mrs. William P. Hershberger\" or \"Jessie Grove.\" Some interesting items include a small note where Jessie and Harold are invited to a spelling bee and instructed to \"impersonate country school-children\" in 1907 and a letter from a friend named Lottie in which she recounts interactions with patients in a hospital and asks Jessie for relationship advice (telling Jessie to \"destroy the letter\" after reading it).","Series 5: Harold Elton Grove Correspondence, 1920-1932, includes correspondence received by Harold Elton Grove between the years 1920-1932. Much of the correspondence comprises postcards from his relatives, updating him on the weather and sights. Some of the postcards come from Wyoming, New York, and Atlantic City.","Series 6: Laura Brumback Grove Correspondence, 1886-1926, deals with correspondence received by Laura Brumback Grove between 1886 and 1926. Much of Laura's correspondence is from her children and step-children. Many of the envelopes are addressed not only to Laura but also to J.W (John William), but the greetings to these letters are always addressed to \"Mama\" or \"Aunt Laura.\" Most of the correspondence during 1924 are letters of condolences and sympathies after John William Grove's death.","Series 7: John William Grove Correspondence, 1890-1924, deals with correspondence received by John William Grove between 1890 and 1924. Much of the correspondence comprises marriage and graduation invitations, holiday cards, and two letters written in 1924: one from his wife Laura and the other from his daughter Jessie.","Series 8: Charles H. Grove Correspondence, 1891-1930, deals with correspondence received by Charles H. Grove between 1891 and 1930. As with his brother John, Charles's correspondence includes marriage announcements and graduation invitations, some letters from hotels asking for his business, and a couple of postcards from Anita telling him about her travels.","Series 9: Ephemera, 1887-1932, includes myriad ephemeral materials that were accumulated the Grove Family. The series is arranged alphabetically. Some items of note within this series include military ephemera (containing some transfer orders and programs to numerous military events); music education ephemera (which include sheet music and small booklets pertaining to the popular songs of the time); some photos of a storefront and two unidentified individuals; and travel brochures, maps, and promotional materials of Virginia and other locations."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_70d4f8e3bc520142513304c7c53c614f\"\u003eThe Grove Family Papers, 1884-1932, consists of correspondence and ephemera from the Grove Family of Luray in Page County, Virginia.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The Grove Family Papers, 1884-1932, consists of correspondence and ephemera from the Grove Family of Luray in Page County, Virginia."],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Green Valley Auctions, Inc."],"names_coll_ssim":["Green Valley Auctions, Inc."],"famname_ssim":["Grove family"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Green Valley Auctions, Inc.","Grove family"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":255,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:57:53.919Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_607_c06"}},{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_226_c04","type":"Series","attributes":{"title":"Lectures and Administrative Files, 1966/2002","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_226_c04#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_226_c04","ref_ssm":["vihart_repositories_4_resources_226_c04"],"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_226_c04","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_226","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_226","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_226","parent_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_226","parent_ssim":["John G. Stewart Papers, 1761/2002, bulk 1953/1973"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vihart_repositories_4_resources_226"],"title_filing_ssi":"Lectures and Administrative Files","title_ssm":["Lectures and Administrative Files"],"title_tesim":["Lectures and Administrative Files"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Lectures and Administrative Files, 1966/2002"],"text":["Lectures and Administrative Files, 1966/2002","John G. Stewart Papers, 1761/2002, bulk 1953/1973","English"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["John G. Stewart Papers, 1761/2002, bulk 1953/1973"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["John G. Stewart Papers, 1761/2002, bulk 1953/1973"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1966/2002"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1966-2002"],"level_ssm":["Series"],"level_ssim":["Series"],"component_level_isim":[1],"sort_isi":86,"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"collection_ssim":["John G. Stewart Papers, 1761/2002, bulk 1953/1973"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":2,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"language_ssim":["English"],"date_range_isim":[1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002],"_nest_path_":"/components#3","timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:57:12.722Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_226","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_226","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_226","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_226","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_226.xml","title_ssm":["John G. Stewart Papers"],"title_tesim":["John G. Stewart Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1761-2002","1953-1973"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1761-2002"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1953-1973"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1761/2002, bulk 1953/1973"],"normalized_title_ssm":["John G. Stewart Papers, 1761/2002, bulk 1953/1973"],"text":["John G. Stewart Papers, 1761/2002, bulk 1953/1973","SC 0157","/repositories/4/resources/226","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History","Augusta County (Va.) -- History","Wythe County (Va.) -- History","Shenandoah County (Va.) -- History","Highland County (Va.) -- History","Pendleton County (W. Va.) -- History","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History","Virginia -- History","Cooking, American -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.)","Holidays -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.)","Vernacular architecture -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.)","Pennsylvania Dutch -- Sources","Folklore -- Virginia -- Sources","Folklore -- West Virginia -- Sources","Folklore -- Pennsylvania -- Sources","Folk art -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.)","Traditional medicine -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.)","Spiritual healing -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.)","Manners and customs -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.)","Superstition -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.)","Folk music -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.)","Marriage customs and rites -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.)","Funeral rites and ceremonies -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.)","Mennonites -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.)","West Virginia -- History","Research (documents)","Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","The collection is arranged in six series. Series 1: Topical Research Files is arranged further into subseries.","Topical Research Files, 1761-1995\n      Folk Medicine and Remedies, 1790-1984\n      \"Pow-Wow\" Documents, 1883-1900\n      Lectures and Administrative Files, 1966-2002\n      Henkel Materials, 1796-1963\n      Folk Culture Posters, undated","Aurand, A. Monroe. The \"Pow-Wow\" Book; A Treatise of the Art of \"Healing by Prayer\" and \"Laying on of Hands\", etc... Harrisburg, Pa.: Aurand Press, 1929.","Obituary of John Gideon Stewart. Daily News-Record August 30, 2010.","\"John Gideon Stewart,\" Shenandoah Valley Folklife Society Newsletter 23, no. 3 (Sept. 2010): 1-2.","Stewart, John G. Oral History Interview, John G. Stewart; interviewed by Carol Maureen DeHart, 2003. SdArch no. 25-1. Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va.","Stewart, John G. Memoirs of Hans Stein/John Stewart, 2003.","Smith, Elmer Lewis, John G. Stewart and M. Ellsworth Kyger. The Pennsylvania Germans in the Shenandoah Valley. Allentown, Pa.: Pennsylvania German Folklore Society, 1962.","Smith, Elmer Lewis and John G. Stewart. A Collection of Papers from the Virginia Folklore Collection, Valley Folklore, and Specialized Collection of Pennsylvania Dutch Folklore from the Region, 1965-1967.","John G. Stewart was born in 1918 in Vienna, Austria under the name Hans Gideon Stein to Wilhelm Stein and Margarethe Pick Stein. Practicing Jews, the family was subject to scrutiny and Hans was arrested during Kristallnacht. Fearing for their safety, the family obtained visas to come to the United States soon after Hitler invaded Austria in 1938. Hans Gideon Stein attended the College of the Pacific, now called the University of the Pacific, from 1939 until he was drafted into the United States Army in October 1941, where he served as Staff Sergeant in Military Intelligence. He became a United States citizen in 1943 and officially changed his name to John Stewart. After World War II, Stewart decided to complete his education. He attended Columbia University from 1945 to 1948, obtaining a masters degree. Stewart taught at Harrisonburg High School from 1951 to 1958, when he was offered a teaching position at Madison College in the language department, for which he taught German and Latin until 1973. Until 1989, he continued to teach classes on folklore and folk culture in the Department of Sociology. After retirement, Stewart continued to research and write about Shenandoah Valley German folklore and culture. He passed away August 27, 2010.","Elmer L. Smith was born in 1920 in Newark, New Jersey. After earning a B.S. at Florida Southern College, an M.A. at Western Reserve University, and a Ph.D. at Syracuse University, he taught government, economics, and sociology in several Pennsylvania colleges and universities. In 1958 he came to James Madison University (then Madison College) as Director of the Social Sciences Division, serving until his death in 1981. Smith recognized that there was a large German-speaking segment of the population that had settled in the Shenandoah Valley. He conducted research and interviews to document the folk culture of the Shenandoah Valley, and published a wide variety of books and papers. Most of Smith's papers and many of his publications are available at the Blue Ridge Institute of Ferrum College in Ferrum, Virginia.","Smith and Stewart collaborated on research and conducted interviews with descendants of the German settlers in the Valley, much of which is documented in this collection. Together, Stewart and Smith established the Valley Folklore Society in the early 1960s. They compiled and published information on many folk traditions of the Shenandoah Valley Germans, including holiday traditions, food recipes, medicinal remedies and favorite pastimes.","Many original documents may still be in the hands of the owners cited by Mr. Stewart in his notes, or their heirs.","Original newspaper clippings were photocopied onto archival paper and acidic originals discarded. In order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in 2017-2018. This collection was previously cataloged as SC 4016.","Elmer L. Smith Papers, undated, SC 0166, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va.","The John G. Stewart Papers consists of five boxes, measuring 2.12 cubic feet, spanning the years 1761 to 2002. The collection contains a wide array of facsimile documents pertaining to Germanic folklore and culture in the Shenandoah Valley including notes from Stewart's own lectures and presentations on particular Valley topics. Documents consist of photocopies and drafts of articles written by Stewart and his colleague Elmer L. Smith, information compiled from interviews with Valley residents, as well as photocopies of primary source materials such as images, recipes, correspondence and medicinal remedies from individuals living in Rockingham, Augusta, Wythe and Shenandoah Counties in Virginia and Pendleton County in West Virginia. Most of the photocopied articles are reprints from the Pennsylvaanisch Dietsch Eck and \"Valley Folklore\" articles from the Highland Recorder (Highland County, Virginia.) spanning from November 1953 to November 1973. A detailed list of those articles is included in the Contents List below, as a link to a pdf document, and is also on file in Special Collections. The collection has been left largely in the order in which Mr. Stewart used it, with minor exceptions. It is arranged in six series: Topical Research Files, Folk Medicine and Remedies, Pow-Wow Documents, Lectures and Administrative Files, Henkel Materials, and Folk Culture Posters. Numbers in brackets in the contents list below indicate item count within a folder.","Topical Research Files, 1961-1995, are further divided into subseries: Calendar Events and Other. The series consists of drafts of articles written by Elmer L. Smith and John Stewart, reprinted articles from the Pennsylvaanisch Dietsch Eck (1953-1963), and \"Valley Folklore\" columns from the Highland Recorder (1965-1973), and miscellaneous notes taken by John Stewart. Of particular interest in the Calendar Events subseries are folders pertaining to traditional German holidays such as Belsnickeling and Martinmas. The Belsnickel was the Christmas gift giver, who disguised himself as an evil man. For good children he gave presents, but for naughty ones he carried whips or sticks. Martinmas, or the Feast of Saint Martin, was celebrated on November 11th and typically marked the first day of winter. Materials in the \"Other\" category cover a wide range of topics and are arranged alphabetically.","Materials in Folk Medicine and Remedies, 1790-1984, were left in the donor's original order and primarily consist of photocopies or photographs of original primary source documents obtained from individuals in Rockingham, Shenandoah, Augusta and Wythe Counties in Virginia and Pendleton County, West Virginia. Also represented are articles by John Stewart, Kurt Kehr, Elmer Smith, and Billie Jo Monger. Documents include medicinal remedies for ailments such as arthritis, dog bites, and blisters. Information regarding provenance of various items in this series, if available, resides in the administrative file for this collection in the Special Collections office.","The series Pow Wow Documents, 1883-1900, contains materials pertaining to the handwritten, unpublished Pendleton County Pow-Wow Book of West Virginia and other related materials. The Pow-Wow Book demonstrated the art of healing people through prayer and the placing of hands on the body, which was ostensibly a custom among the Pennsylvania Germans. The series contains the following: photographs of the original Pow Wow book, which was written in German; English translations of part of the book; an undated typed article by Elmer L. Smith and John G. Stewart entitled An Occult Remedy Manuscript from Pendleton County, W.VA; a reprint of Elmer Smith's c.1976 article \"The Medical Therapy of Powwowing: Early History in Europe to Surviving Practices in Modern America,\" typed notes taken from Folk-Medicine: a Chapter in the History of Culture (1883), by William George Black, and Der Deutsche Volksaberglaube der Gegenwart (1900) by Adolf Wuttke, regarding folk healing practices.","Lectures and Administrative Files, 1966-2002, include various papers and notes on topics Stewart presented at conferences, seminars, and other speaking engagements in the Valley and abroad. Topics generally concern Valley folklife and folklore. Material pertaining to his teaching and research obligations include course syllabi, a grant application, an oral history program proposal, and bibliographies.","Henkel Materials, 1796-1963, document the general history of the Henkel Family and Henkel Press of New Market, Virginia and consist of photocopies of publications and medicine labels printed at the press. Materials pertaining to Paul Henkel include an index and trascriptions from his daybook and diary as well as materials documenting his sermons and correspondence. A list of Solomon Henkel correspondence is also included. Photographic images of broadsides printed at the Henkel Press and woodcuts and impriints used in various publications are present. The donor's research nots concerning materials at Special Collections at JMU are also contained within this series.","Folk Culture Posters, undated, is a collection of oversized photographs taken by the donor of Frakturs, tomb stone rubbings, folk medicine recipes, and Henkel Press broadsides. The images are mounted on cardstock and numbered according to the donor's description list.","Deutsche Einwanderung 1750-1850 entlang Shenandoah und Potomac sowie heutige Dialektinseln des Virginiadeutschen","See description list","Due to copyright restrictions, photocpoied materials from the following collections were removed: Henry Z. Jones, German Origins of Jost Hite: Virginia Pioneer, 1685-1761 (Edinburg, Va.: Shenandoah History, 1979); John Brown, Circular-schreiben an die deutschen Einwohner von Rockingham und Augusta, und den benachbarten Caunties. Erster band. Von Johannes Braun. Prediger des Evangelii in den Caunties Rockingham und Augusta, Virginia (Harrisonburg, Va.: Gedruckt bey Laurentz Wartmann, Rockingham County, Virginia, 1818); Adolf Spamer, Romanusbuchlein: historisch-philogischer Kommentar zu einem deutschen Zauberbuch. Aus seinem Nachlass bearb. von Johanna Nickel (Berlin: Akademie-Verag, 1958); \"Schreiben eines deutschen Juden, an den Prasidenten des Kongresses der vereinigten Staaten von Amerika,\" Deutsches Museum 1.6 (1783): 558-566. The map Deutsche Einwanderung 1750-1850 entlang shenandoah und Potomac sowie heutige Dialektinseln des Virginiadeutschen has been removed from folder German Immigration and placed in the map drawer.","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Research materials and topical files pertaining to Shenandoah Valley folk culture including recipes, cures for ailments, folklore stories, and other traditions gathered and documented by John G. Stewart and Elmer Smith, former professors at Madison College (James Madison University).","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Henkel family","Stewart, John, 1918-2010","English, German"],"collection_title_tesim":["John G. Stewart Papers, 1761/2002, bulk 1953/1973"],"collection_ssim":["John G. Stewart Papers, 1761/2002, bulk 1953/1973"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0157","/repositories/4/resources/226"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0157","/repositories/4/resources/226"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"geogname_ssm":["Rockingham County (Va.) -- History","Augusta County (Va.) -- History","Wythe County (Va.) -- History","Shenandoah County (Va.) -- History","Highland County (Va.) -- History","Pendleton County (W. Va.) -- History","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History","Virginia -- History"],"geogname_ssim":["Rockingham County (Va.) -- History","Augusta County (Va.) -- History","Wythe County (Va.) -- History","Shenandoah County (Va.) -- History","Highland County (Va.) -- History","Pendleton County (W. Va.) -- History","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History","Virginia -- History"],"places_ssim":["Rockingham County (Va.) -- History","Augusta County (Va.) -- History","Wythe County (Va.) -- History","Shenandoah County (Va.) -- History","Highland County (Va.) -- History","Pendleton County (W. Va.) -- History","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History","Virginia -- History"],"creator_ssm":["Stewart, John, 1918-2010"],"creator_ssim":["Stewart, John, 1918-2010"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Stewart, John, 1918-2010"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections"],"creator_famname_ssim":["Henkel family"],"creators_ssim":["Stewart, John, 1918-2010","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Henkel family"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["John Stewart donated this collection of research material and notes in August 2007 and June 2009."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Cooking, American -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.)","Holidays -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.)","Vernacular architecture -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.)","Pennsylvania Dutch -- Sources","Folklore -- Virginia -- Sources","Folklore -- West Virginia -- Sources","Folklore -- Pennsylvania -- Sources","Folk art -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.)","Traditional medicine -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.)","Spiritual healing -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.)","Manners and customs -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.)","Superstition -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.)","Folk music -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.)","Marriage customs and rites -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.)","Funeral rites and ceremonies -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.)","Mennonites -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.)","West Virginia -- History","Research (documents)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Cooking, American -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.)","Holidays -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.)","Vernacular architecture -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.)","Pennsylvania Dutch -- Sources","Folklore -- Virginia -- Sources","Folklore -- West Virginia -- Sources","Folklore -- Pennsylvania -- Sources","Folk art -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.)","Traditional medicine -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.)","Spiritual healing -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.)","Manners and customs -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.)","Superstition -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.)","Folk music -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.)","Marriage customs and rites -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.)","Funeral rites and ceremonies -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.)","Mennonites -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.)","West Virginia -- History","Research (documents)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["2.29 cubic feet 5 boxes, 1 flat file"],"extent_tesim":["2.29 cubic feet 5 boxes, 1 flat file"],"genreform_ssim":["Research (documents)"],"date_range_isim":[1761,1762,1763,1764,1765,1766,1767,1768,1769,1770,1771,1772,1773,1774,1775,1776,1777,1778,1779,1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged in six series. Series 1: Topical Research Files is arranged further into subseries.\u003c/p\u003e    ","\u003clist numeration=\"arabic\" type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eTopical Research Files, 1761-1995\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eFolk Medicine and Remedies, 1790-1984\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\"Pow-Wow\" Documents, 1883-1900\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eLectures and Administrative Files, 1966-2002\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eHenkel Materials, 1796-1963\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eFolk Culture Posters, undated\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged in six series. Series 1: Topical Research Files is arranged further into subseries.","Topical Research Files, 1761-1995\n      Folk Medicine and Remedies, 1790-1984\n      \"Pow-Wow\" Documents, 1883-1900\n      Lectures and Administrative Files, 1966-2002\n      Henkel Materials, 1796-1963\n      Folk Culture Posters, undated"],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cbibref\u003eAurand, A. Monroe. \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe \"Pow-Wow\" Book; A Treatise of the Art of \"Healing by Prayer\" and \"Laying on of Hands\", etc...\u003c/emph\u003e Harrisburg, Pa.: Aurand Press, 1929.\u003c/bibref\u003e\n    ","\u003cbibref\u003eObituary of John Gideon Stewart. \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eDaily News-Record\u003c/emph\u003e August 30, 2010.\u003c/bibref\u003e\n    ","\u003cbibref\u003e\"John Gideon Stewart,\" \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eShenandoah Valley Folklife Society Newsletter\u003c/emph\u003e 23, no. 3 (Sept. 2010): 1-2.\u003c/bibref\u003e\n    ","\u003cbibref\u003eStewart, John G. Oral History Interview, John G. Stewart; interviewed by Carol Maureen DeHart, 2003. SdArch no. 25-1. Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va.\u003c/bibref\u003e\n    ","\u003cbibref\u003eStewart, John G. \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eMemoirs of Hans Stein/John Stewart\u003c/emph\u003e, 2003.\u003c/bibref\u003e\n    ","\u003cbibref\u003eSmith, Elmer Lewis, John G. Stewart and M. Ellsworth Kyger. \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Pennsylvania Germans in the Shenandoah Valley\u003c/emph\u003e. Allentown, Pa.: Pennsylvania German Folklore Society, 1962.\u003c/bibref\u003e\n    ","\u003cbibref\u003eSmith, Elmer Lewis and John G. Stewart. \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eA Collection of Papers from the Virginia Folklore Collection, Valley Folklore, and Specialized Collection of Pennsylvania Dutch Folklore from the Region, 1965-1967\u003c/emph\u003e.\u003c/bibref\u003e\n  "],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["Aurand, A. Monroe. The \"Pow-Wow\" Book; A Treatise of the Art of \"Healing by Prayer\" and \"Laying on of Hands\", etc... Harrisburg, Pa.: Aurand Press, 1929.","Obituary of John Gideon Stewart. Daily News-Record August 30, 2010.","\"John Gideon Stewart,\" Shenandoah Valley Folklife Society Newsletter 23, no. 3 (Sept. 2010): 1-2.","Stewart, John G. Oral History Interview, John G. Stewart; interviewed by Carol Maureen DeHart, 2003. SdArch no. 25-1. Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va.","Stewart, John G. Memoirs of Hans Stein/John Stewart, 2003.","Smith, Elmer Lewis, John G. Stewart and M. Ellsworth Kyger. The Pennsylvania Germans in the Shenandoah Valley. Allentown, Pa.: Pennsylvania German Folklore Society, 1962.","Smith, Elmer Lewis and John G. Stewart. A Collection of Papers from the Virginia Folklore Collection, Valley Folklore, and Specialized Collection of Pennsylvania Dutch Folklore from the Region, 1965-1967."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJohn G. Stewart was born in 1918 in Vienna, Austria under the name Hans Gideon Stein to Wilhelm Stein and Margarethe Pick Stein. Practicing Jews, the family was subject to scrutiny and Hans was arrested during \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eKristallnacht\u003c/emph\u003e. Fearing for their safety, the family obtained visas to come to the United States soon after Hitler invaded Austria in 1938. Hans Gideon Stein attended the College of the Pacific, now called the University of the Pacific, from 1939 until he was drafted into the United States Army in October 1941, where he served as Staff Sergeant in Military Intelligence. He became a United States citizen in 1943 and officially changed his name to John Stewart. After World War II, Stewart decided to complete his education. He attended Columbia University from 1945 to 1948, obtaining a masters degree. Stewart taught at Harrisonburg High School from 1951 to 1958, when he was offered a teaching position at Madison College in the language department, for which he taught German and Latin until 1973. Until 1989, he continued to teach classes on folklore and folk culture in the Department of Sociology. After retirement, Stewart continued to research and write about Shenandoah Valley German folklore and culture. He passed away August 27, 2010. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eElmer L. Smith was born in 1920 in Newark, New Jersey. After earning a B.S. at Florida Southern College, an M.A. at Western Reserve University, and a Ph.D. at Syracuse University, he taught government, economics, and sociology in several Pennsylvania colleges and universities. In 1958 he came to James Madison University (then Madison College) as Director of the Social Sciences Division, serving until his death in 1981. Smith recognized that there was a large German-speaking segment of the population that had settled in the Shenandoah Valley. He conducted research and interviews to document the folk culture of the Shenandoah Valley, and published a wide variety of books and papers. Most of Smith's papers and many of his publications are available at the Blue Ridge Institute of Ferrum College in Ferrum, Virginia. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSmith and Stewart collaborated on research and conducted interviews with descendants of the German settlers in the Valley, much of which is documented in this collection. Together, Stewart and Smith established the Valley Folklore Society in the early 1960s. They compiled and published information on many folk traditions of the Shenandoah Valley Germans, including holiday traditions, food recipes, medicinal remedies and favorite pastimes.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Bio/Historical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["John G. Stewart was born in 1918 in Vienna, Austria under the name Hans Gideon Stein to Wilhelm Stein and Margarethe Pick Stein. Practicing Jews, the family was subject to scrutiny and Hans was arrested during Kristallnacht. Fearing for their safety, the family obtained visas to come to the United States soon after Hitler invaded Austria in 1938. Hans Gideon Stein attended the College of the Pacific, now called the University of the Pacific, from 1939 until he was drafted into the United States Army in October 1941, where he served as Staff Sergeant in Military Intelligence. He became a United States citizen in 1943 and officially changed his name to John Stewart. After World War II, Stewart decided to complete his education. He attended Columbia University from 1945 to 1948, obtaining a masters degree. Stewart taught at Harrisonburg High School from 1951 to 1958, when he was offered a teaching position at Madison College in the language department, for which he taught German and Latin until 1973. Until 1989, he continued to teach classes on folklore and folk culture in the Department of Sociology. After retirement, Stewart continued to research and write about Shenandoah Valley German folklore and culture. He passed away August 27, 2010.","Elmer L. Smith was born in 1920 in Newark, New Jersey. After earning a B.S. at Florida Southern College, an M.A. at Western Reserve University, and a Ph.D. at Syracuse University, he taught government, economics, and sociology in several Pennsylvania colleges and universities. In 1958 he came to James Madison University (then Madison College) as Director of the Social Sciences Division, serving until his death in 1981. Smith recognized that there was a large German-speaking segment of the population that had settled in the Shenandoah Valley. He conducted research and interviews to document the folk culture of the Shenandoah Valley, and published a wide variety of books and papers. Most of Smith's papers and many of his publications are available at the Blue Ridge Institute of Ferrum College in Ferrum, Virginia.","Smith and Stewart collaborated on research and conducted interviews with descendants of the German settlers in the Valley, much of which is documented in this collection. Together, Stewart and Smith established the Valley Folklore Society in the early 1960s. They compiled and published information on many folk traditions of the Shenandoah Valley Germans, including holiday traditions, food recipes, medicinal remedies and favorite pastimes."],"originalsloc_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMany original documents may still be in the hands of the owners cited by Mr. Stewart in his notes, or their heirs.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"originalsloc_heading_ssm":["Location of Originals"],"originalsloc_tesim":["Many original documents may still be in the hands of the owners cited by Mr. Stewart in his notes, or their heirs."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box #, folder #], John G. Stewart Papers, 1761-2002 (bulk 1953-1973), SC 0157, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box #, folder #], John G. Stewart Papers, 1761-2002 (bulk 1953-1973), SC 0157, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOriginal newspaper clippings were photocopied onto archival paper and acidic originals discarded. In order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in 2017-2018. \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eThis collection was previously cataloged as SC 4016\u003c/emph\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Original newspaper clippings were photocopied onto archival paper and acidic originals discarded. In order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in 2017-2018. This collection was previously cataloged as SC 4016."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eElmer L. Smith Papers, undated, SC 0166, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Elmer L. Smith Papers, undated, SC 0166, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe John G. Stewart Papers consists of five boxes, measuring 2.12 cubic feet, spanning the years 1761 to 2002. The collection contains a wide array of facsimile documents pertaining to Germanic folklore and culture in the Shenandoah Valley including notes from Stewart's own lectures and presentations on particular Valley topics. Documents consist of photocopies and drafts of articles written by Stewart and his colleague Elmer L. Smith, information compiled from interviews with Valley residents, as well as photocopies of primary source materials such as images, recipes, correspondence and medicinal remedies from individuals living in Rockingham, Augusta, Wythe and Shenandoah Counties in Virginia and Pendleton County in West Virginia. Most of the photocopied articles are reprints from the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003ePennsylvaanisch Dietsch Eck\u003c/emph\u003e and \"Valley Folklore\" articles from the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eHighland Recorder\u003c/emph\u003e (Highland County, Virginia.) spanning from November 1953 to November 1973. A detailed list of those articles is included in the Contents List below, as a link to a pdf document, and is also on file in Special Collections. The collection has been left largely in the order in which Mr. Stewart used it, with minor exceptions. It is arranged in six series: Topical Research Files, Folk Medicine and Remedies, Pow-Wow Documents, Lectures and Administrative Files, Henkel Materials, and Folk Culture Posters. Numbers in brackets in the contents list below indicate item count within a folder. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTopical Research Files, 1961-1995, are further divided into subseries: Calendar Events and Other. The series consists of drafts of articles written by Elmer L. Smith and John Stewart, reprinted articles from the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003ePennsylvaanisch Dietsch Eck\u003c/emph\u003e (1953-1963), and \"Valley Folklore\" columns from the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eHighland Recorder\u003c/emph\u003e (1965-1973), and miscellaneous notes taken by John Stewart. Of particular interest in the Calendar Events subseries are folders pertaining to traditional German holidays such as Belsnickeling and Martinmas. The Belsnickel was the Christmas gift giver, who disguised himself as an evil man. For good children he gave presents, but for naughty ones he carried whips or sticks. Martinmas, or the Feast of Saint Martin, was celebrated on November 11th and typically marked the first day of winter. Materials in the \"Other\" category cover a wide range of topics and are arranged alphabetically. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMaterials in Folk Medicine and Remedies, 1790-1984, were left in the donor's original order and primarily consist of photocopies or photographs of original primary source documents obtained from individuals in Rockingham, Shenandoah, Augusta and Wythe Counties in Virginia and Pendleton County, West Virginia. Also represented are articles by John Stewart, Kurt Kehr, Elmer Smith, and Billie Jo Monger. Documents include medicinal remedies for ailments such as arthritis, dog bites, and blisters. Information regarding provenance of various items in this series, if available, resides in the administrative file for this collection in the Special Collections office. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe series Pow Wow Documents, 1883-1900, contains materials pertaining to the handwritten, unpublished Pendleton County Pow-Wow Book of West Virginia and other related materials. The Pow-Wow Book demonstrated the art of healing people through prayer and the placing of hands on the body, which was ostensibly a custom among the Pennsylvania Germans. The series contains the following: photographs of the original Pow Wow book, which was written in German; English translations of part of the book; an undated typed article by Elmer L. Smith and John G. Stewart entitled An Occult Remedy Manuscript from Pendleton County, W.VA; a reprint of Elmer Smith's c.1976 article \"The Medical Therapy of Powwowing: Early History in Europe to Surviving Practices in Modern America,\" typed notes taken from \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eFolk-Medicine: a Chapter in the History of Culture\u003c/emph\u003e (1883), by William George Black, and \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eDer Deutsche Volksaberglaube der Gegenwart\u003c/emph\u003e (1900) by Adolf Wuttke, regarding folk healing practices. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLectures and Administrative Files, 1966-2002, include various papers and notes on topics Stewart presented at conferences, seminars, and other speaking engagements in the Valley and abroad. Topics generally concern Valley folklife and folklore. Material pertaining to his teaching and research obligations include course syllabi, a grant application, an oral history program proposal, and bibliographies. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHenkel Materials, 1796-1963, document the general history of the Henkel Family and Henkel Press of New Market, Virginia and consist of photocopies of publications and medicine labels printed at the press. Materials pertaining to Paul Henkel include an index and trascriptions from his daybook and diary as well as materials documenting his sermons and correspondence. A list of Solomon Henkel correspondence is also included. Photographic images of broadsides printed at the Henkel Press and woodcuts and impriints used in various publications are present. The donor's research nots concerning materials at Special Collections at JMU are also contained within this series. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolk Culture Posters, undated, is a collection of oversized photographs taken by the donor of Frakturs, tomb stone rubbings, folk medicine recipes, and Henkel Press broadsides. The images are mounted on cardstock and numbered according to the donor's \u003cextref type=\"simple\" actuate=\"onRequest\" show=\"new\" href=\"http://www.lib.jmu.edu/special/manuscripts/4016_StewartFrakturs.pdf\"\u003edescription list.\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eDeutsche Einwanderung 1750-1850 entlang Shenandoah und Potomac sowie heutige Dialektinseln des Virginiadeutschen\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.lib.jmu.edu/special/manuscripts/4016_StewartFrakturs.pdf\"\u003eSee description list\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The John G. Stewart Papers consists of five boxes, measuring 2.12 cubic feet, spanning the years 1761 to 2002. The collection contains a wide array of facsimile documents pertaining to Germanic folklore and culture in the Shenandoah Valley including notes from Stewart's own lectures and presentations on particular Valley topics. Documents consist of photocopies and drafts of articles written by Stewart and his colleague Elmer L. Smith, information compiled from interviews with Valley residents, as well as photocopies of primary source materials such as images, recipes, correspondence and medicinal remedies from individuals living in Rockingham, Augusta, Wythe and Shenandoah Counties in Virginia and Pendleton County in West Virginia. Most of the photocopied articles are reprints from the Pennsylvaanisch Dietsch Eck and \"Valley Folklore\" articles from the Highland Recorder (Highland County, Virginia.) spanning from November 1953 to November 1973. A detailed list of those articles is included in the Contents List below, as a link to a pdf document, and is also on file in Special Collections. The collection has been left largely in the order in which Mr. Stewart used it, with minor exceptions. It is arranged in six series: Topical Research Files, Folk Medicine and Remedies, Pow-Wow Documents, Lectures and Administrative Files, Henkel Materials, and Folk Culture Posters. Numbers in brackets in the contents list below indicate item count within a folder.","Topical Research Files, 1961-1995, are further divided into subseries: Calendar Events and Other. The series consists of drafts of articles written by Elmer L. Smith and John Stewart, reprinted articles from the Pennsylvaanisch Dietsch Eck (1953-1963), and \"Valley Folklore\" columns from the Highland Recorder (1965-1973), and miscellaneous notes taken by John Stewart. Of particular interest in the Calendar Events subseries are folders pertaining to traditional German holidays such as Belsnickeling and Martinmas. The Belsnickel was the Christmas gift giver, who disguised himself as an evil man. For good children he gave presents, but for naughty ones he carried whips or sticks. Martinmas, or the Feast of Saint Martin, was celebrated on November 11th and typically marked the first day of winter. Materials in the \"Other\" category cover a wide range of topics and are arranged alphabetically.","Materials in Folk Medicine and Remedies, 1790-1984, were left in the donor's original order and primarily consist of photocopies or photographs of original primary source documents obtained from individuals in Rockingham, Shenandoah, Augusta and Wythe Counties in Virginia and Pendleton County, West Virginia. Also represented are articles by John Stewart, Kurt Kehr, Elmer Smith, and Billie Jo Monger. Documents include medicinal remedies for ailments such as arthritis, dog bites, and blisters. Information regarding provenance of various items in this series, if available, resides in the administrative file for this collection in the Special Collections office.","The series Pow Wow Documents, 1883-1900, contains materials pertaining to the handwritten, unpublished Pendleton County Pow-Wow Book of West Virginia and other related materials. The Pow-Wow Book demonstrated the art of healing people through prayer and the placing of hands on the body, which was ostensibly a custom among the Pennsylvania Germans. The series contains the following: photographs of the original Pow Wow book, which was written in German; English translations of part of the book; an undated typed article by Elmer L. Smith and John G. Stewart entitled An Occult Remedy Manuscript from Pendleton County, W.VA; a reprint of Elmer Smith's c.1976 article \"The Medical Therapy of Powwowing: Early History in Europe to Surviving Practices in Modern America,\" typed notes taken from Folk-Medicine: a Chapter in the History of Culture (1883), by William George Black, and Der Deutsche Volksaberglaube der Gegenwart (1900) by Adolf Wuttke, regarding folk healing practices.","Lectures and Administrative Files, 1966-2002, include various papers and notes on topics Stewart presented at conferences, seminars, and other speaking engagements in the Valley and abroad. Topics generally concern Valley folklife and folklore. Material pertaining to his teaching and research obligations include course syllabi, a grant application, an oral history program proposal, and bibliographies.","Henkel Materials, 1796-1963, document the general history of the Henkel Family and Henkel Press of New Market, Virginia and consist of photocopies of publications and medicine labels printed at the press. Materials pertaining to Paul Henkel include an index and trascriptions from his daybook and diary as well as materials documenting his sermons and correspondence. A list of Solomon Henkel correspondence is also included. Photographic images of broadsides printed at the Henkel Press and woodcuts and impriints used in various publications are present. The donor's research nots concerning materials at Special Collections at JMU are also contained within this series.","Folk Culture Posters, undated, is a collection of oversized photographs taken by the donor of Frakturs, tomb stone rubbings, folk medicine recipes, and Henkel Press broadsides. The images are mounted on cardstock and numbered according to the donor's description list.","Deutsche Einwanderung 1750-1850 entlang Shenandoah und Potomac sowie heutige Dialektinseln des Virginiadeutschen","See description list"],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDue to copyright restrictions, photocpoied materials from the following collections were removed: Henry Z. Jones, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eGerman Origins of Jost Hite: Virginia Pioneer, 1685-1761\u003c/emph\u003e (Edinburg, Va.: Shenandoah History, 1979); John Brown, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eCircular-schreiben an die deutschen Einwohner von Rockingham und Augusta, und den benachbarten Caunties. Erster band. Von Johannes Braun. Prediger des Evangelii in den Caunties Rockingham und Augusta, Virginia\u003c/emph\u003e (Harrisonburg, Va.: Gedruckt bey Laurentz Wartmann, Rockingham County, Virginia, 1818); Adolf Spamer, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eRomanusbuchlein: historisch-philogischer Kommentar zu einem deutschen Zauberbuch. Aus seinem Nachlass bearb. von Johanna Nickel\u003c/emph\u003e (Berlin: Akademie-Verag, 1958); \"Schreiben eines deutschen Juden, an den Prasidenten des Kongresses der vereinigten Staaten von Amerika,\" \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eDeutsches Museum\u003c/emph\u003e 1.6 (1783): 558-566. The map \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eDeutsche Einwanderung 1750-1850 entlang shenandoah und Potomac sowie heutige Dialektinseln des Virginiadeutschen\u003c/emph\u003e has been removed from folder German Immigration and placed in the map drawer.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Material"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["Due to copyright restrictions, photocpoied materials from the following collections were removed: Henry Z. Jones, German Origins of Jost Hite: Virginia Pioneer, 1685-1761 (Edinburg, Va.: Shenandoah History, 1979); John Brown, Circular-schreiben an die deutschen Einwohner von Rockingham und Augusta, und den benachbarten Caunties. Erster band. Von Johannes Braun. Prediger des Evangelii in den Caunties Rockingham und Augusta, Virginia (Harrisonburg, Va.: Gedruckt bey Laurentz Wartmann, Rockingham County, Virginia, 1818); Adolf Spamer, Romanusbuchlein: historisch-philogischer Kommentar zu einem deutschen Zauberbuch. Aus seinem Nachlass bearb. von Johanna Nickel (Berlin: Akademie-Verag, 1958); \"Schreiben eines deutschen Juden, an den Prasidenten des Kongresses der vereinigten Staaten von Amerika,\" Deutsches Museum 1.6 (1783): 558-566. The map Deutsche Einwanderung 1750-1850 entlang shenandoah und Potomac sowie heutige Dialektinseln des Virginiadeutschen has been removed from folder German Immigration and placed in the map drawer."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_beabbba5fac955facf321ab09201801f\"\u003eResearch materials and topical files pertaining to Shenandoah Valley folk culture including recipes, cures for ailments, folklore stories, and other traditions gathered and documented by John G. Stewart and Elmer Smith, former professors at Madison College (James Madison University).\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["Research materials and topical files pertaining to Shenandoah Valley folk culture including recipes, cures for ailments, folklore stories, and other traditions gathered and documented by John G. Stewart and Elmer Smith, former professors at Madison College (James Madison University)."],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections"],"famname_ssim":["Henkel family"],"names_coll_ssim":["Henkel family"],"persname_ssim":["Stewart, John, 1918-2010"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Henkel family","Stewart, John, 1918-2010"],"language_ssim":["English, German"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":141,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:57:12.722Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_226_c04"}}],"included":[{"type":"facet","id":"repository_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Repository","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"James Madison University","value":"James Madison University","hits":458},"links":{"remove":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Series\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=James+Madison+University"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/repository_ssim.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Series\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=James+Madison+University"}},{"type":"facet","id":"collection_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Collection","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Academic Affairs: Academic Program Reviews, 1976/2018, bulk 1992/2018","value":"Academic Affairs: Academic Program Reviews, 1976/2018, bulk 1992/2018","hits":2},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Academic+Affairs%3A+Academic+Program+Reviews%2C+1976%2F2018%2C+bulk+1992%2F2018\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Series\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=James+Madison+University"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Acker Family Diaries, 1880/1906","value":"Acker Family Diaries, 1880/1906","hits":3},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Acker+Family+Diaries%2C+1880%2F1906\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Series\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=James+Madison+University"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Affidavits for Ardent Spirits Collection, 1916/1917","value":"Affidavits for Ardent Spirits Collection, 1916/1917","hits":2},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Affidavits+for+Ardent+Spirits+Collection%2C+1916%2F1917\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Series\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=James+Madison+University"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Alumni Association Records, 1924/2016","value":"Alumni Association Records, 1924/2016","hits":3},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Alumni+Association+Records%2C+1924%2F2016\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Series\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=James+Madison+University"}},{"attributes":{"label":"American Association of University Professors (AAUP). James Madison University Chapter records, 1944/1988","value":"American Association of University Professors (AAUP). James Madison University Chapter records, 1944/1988","hits":2},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=American+Association+of+University+Professors+%28AAUP%29.+James+Madison+University+Chapter+records%2C+1944%2F1988\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Series\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=James+Madison+University"}},{"attributes":{"label":"American Association of University Women (AAUW) Records, Harrisonburg, Virginia Branch, 1929/2025","value":"American Association of University Women (AAUW) Records, Harrisonburg, Virginia Branch, 1929/2025","hits":7},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=American+Association+of+University+Women+%28AAUW%29+Records%2C+Harrisonburg%2C+Virginia+Branch%2C+1929%2F2025\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Series\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=James+Madison+University"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Anthony-Seeger Campus School Records, 1956/1982","value":"Anthony-Seeger Campus School Records, 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