{"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Interview","last":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Interview\u0026page=1"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":1,"next_page":null,"prev_page":null,"total_pages":1,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":0,"total_count":6,"first_page?":true,"last_page?":true}},"data":[{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_592_c02","type":"Interview","attributes":{"title":"D. D. Wilkins interviewed by John Coleman and Chris Bolgiano","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_592_c02#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis interview records the reminiscences of Mr. Wilkins' (D.D. \"Hun\") days as a bark peeler of chestnut oak and hemlock in the Alleghenny mountains of West Virginia, especially in and around Lost River (also Stump's Run, Moorefield, Lost City and Trout Run). 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Wilkins interviewed by John Coleman and Chris Bolgiano","Bolgiano, Chris","Coleman, John","This interview records the reminiscences of Mr. Wilkins' (D.D. \"Hun\") days as a bark peeler of chestnut oak and hemlock in the Alleghenny mountains of West Virginia, especially in and around Lost River (also Stump's Run, Moorefield, Lost City and Trout Run). Mentions chestnut blight; blizzard of April 27, 1928. Mentions the Maryland-W. Va. Lumber Co., Natrick Lumber Co. and Williamsport, Md. Tannery. Reminiscences about conditions in the camps","Copyright interests for the interviews in this collection have been transferred to James Madison University Special Collections. \nCopyright status for other collection materials is unknown. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for determining copyright status and obtaining permissions for use rests solely with the user."],"title_filing_ssi":"D. D. Wilkins interviewed by John Coleman and Chris Bolgiano","title_ssm":["D. D. Wilkins interviewed by John Coleman and Chris Bolgiano"],"title_tesim":["D. D. Wilkins interviewed by John Coleman and Chris Bolgiano"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1987 September 25"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1987"],"normalized_title_ssm":["D. D. Wilkins interviewed by John Coleman and Chris Bolgiano"],"component_level_isim":[1],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"collection_ssim":["Tanbark industry in the Shenandoah Valley oral history collection"],"creator_ssim":["Bolgiano, Chris","Coleman, John"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":2,"level_ssm":["Interview"],"level_ssim":["Interview"],"sort_isi":2,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Access to oral history interviews is governed by agreements with the narrators. All interviews in this collection are open for research without restriction. \nResearchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Special Collections staff at library-special@jmu.edu before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Copyright interests for the interviews in this collection have been transferred to James Madison University Special Collections. \nCopyright status for other collection materials is unknown. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for determining copyright status and obtaining permissions for use rests solely with the user."],"date_range_isim":[1987],"names_ssim":["Bolgiano, Chris","Coleman, John"],"persname_ssim":["Bolgiano, Chris","Coleman, John"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis interview records the reminiscences of Mr. Wilkins' (D.D. \"Hun\") days as a bark peeler of chestnut oak and hemlock in the Alleghenny mountains of West Virginia, especially in and around Lost River (also Stump's Run, Moorefield, Lost City and Trout Run). Mentions chestnut blight; blizzard of April 27, 1928. Mentions the Maryland-W. Va. Lumber Co., Natrick Lumber Co. and Williamsport, Md. Tannery. Reminiscences about conditions in the camps\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This interview records the reminiscences of Mr. Wilkins' (D.D. \"Hun\") days as a bark peeler of chestnut oak and hemlock in the Alleghenny mountains of West Virginia, especially in and around Lost River (also Stump's Run, Moorefield, Lost City and Trout Run). Mentions chestnut blight; blizzard of April 27, 1928. Mentions the Maryland-W. Va. Lumber Co., Natrick Lumber Co. and Williamsport, Md. Tannery. Reminiscences about conditions in the camps"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCopyright interests for the interviews in this collection have been transferred to James Madison University Special Collections. \nCopyright status for other collection materials is unknown. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for determining copyright status and obtaining permissions for use rests solely with the user.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Copyright interests for the interviews in this collection have been transferred to James Madison University Special Collections. \nCopyright status for other collection materials is unknown. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for determining copyright status and obtaining permissions for use rests solely with the user."],"_nest_path_":"/components#1","timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:24:36.195Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_592","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_592","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_592","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_592","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_592.xml","title_ssm":["Tanbark industry in the Shenandoah Valley oral history collection"],"title_tesim":["Tanbark industry in the Shenandoah Valley oral history collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1987","1991"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1987","1991"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SdArch 0004","/repositories/4/resources/592"],"text":["SdArch 0004","/repositories/4/resources/592","Tanbark industry in the Shenandoah Valley oral history collection","Tanning -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Tanning -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.)","Bark peeling -- Environmental aspects","Bark -- Harvesting","Bark peeling -- Economic aspects","Bark -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Leather industry and trade -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Tanneries -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.)","Tanneries -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Industries -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Tanners -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","oral histories (literary works)","Access to oral history interviews is governed by agreements with the narrators. All interviews in this collection are open for research without restriction. \nResearchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Special Collections staff at  library-special@jmu.edu  before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","Oral history is open for research.","A bound volume that comprises copies of the transcripts of each interview in this collection as well as a copy of the project background paper and any related materials is cataloged as a monograph and is available as part of the Libraries' circulating collection under the title,  Tanbark industry : part of an oral history project on the tanbark industry in the Shenandoah Valley .","Two of the oral history interviews in this collection were conducted by by Mia Barb, an undergraduate at JMU, who completed the project as part of an internship in Special Collections during 1991 that was jointly sponsored by Carrier Library Special Collections and the U.S. Forest Service. The interview with D.D. Wilkins recorded in 1987 was conducted jointly by Chris Bolgiano, head of Special Collections and freelance forestry writer, and John Coleman, an employee of the U.S. Forest Service.\nThe 1987 interview was conducted in support of the research interests of Chris Bolgiano, who has published scholarship on forestry and the tanbark industry in Appalachia. That interview was assembled with the other two interviews conducted by Mia Barb in 1991 due to the topical focus on the tanbark industry to form a collection of three interviews.","In 2008, Libraries' staff in the media resources department reformatted the contents of the original audio cassettes in this collection, using a Tascam CC-222MKII CD recorder / cassette combination deck to transfer digitized m4a and mp3 files onto MAM-A Gold Archival 700MB CD-Rs to serve as both access copies and preservation storage.","In 2018, the digital archivist in Special Collections completed a large-scale re-processing project to transfer reformatted born-digital files stored on gold CDs off of the physical media and into access and preservation storage environments on Libraries servers. As part of this project, the digital archivist also combined audio files when appropriate for interviews that were originally recorded across multiple pieces of physical media or on different sides of a single piece of media, and applied a new file naming convention constructed from the oral history collection identifer and a component unique identifer used to differentiate among interviews at the file level in the archival description. The archivist saved these newly combined interview files in .wav file format for preservation storage, and also created derivative access file copies in .mp3 file format.","In 2025, as part of an oral history redescription project, archivists corrected errors in file names for audio files in this collection to align with existing file naming conventions for digitized Special Collections materials, and to ensure that all component unique identifiers used within file names for digital surrogates matched the identifiers employed in the corresponding archival description.","A paper authored by Chris Bolgiano was presented in 1999 at the Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar titled  Tanbark harvesting as an economic and environmental factor in Appalachia , is available as part of the  Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar records, SC 0205 .","This collection is comprised of a background paper and three audio recordings with corresponding transcripts of oral history interviews conducted in 1987 and 1991 with individuals familiar with the history of the tanbark industry in the central Shenandoah Valley. ","The background paper explores topics related the various processes used to produce leather, including references to the peeling, grinding, and extracting of bark to yield the tannin (tannic acid) used to tan animals skins and hides. ","The interviews focus specifically on the mills, extract factories, and tanneries in the Shenandoah Valley, including the Timberville extract factory, and the Ziegler, Elkton, and Houck tanneries of Rockingham County, Virginia.","13-leaf monograph describes the tanning industry in the United States and in particular the Shenandoah Valley. Both general information about the industry and specifics about the tanbark process are included. The various processes used to produce leather are described, including references to the peeling, grinding and extracting of bark to yield the tannin (tannic acid) which was used to tan animals skins and hides. References are made to American tanneries in general; specific information is supplied about bark mills, extract factories and tanneries in the Valley--including the Timberville extract (ooze) factory, and the Ziegler, Elkton and Houck tanneries of Rockingham County, Virginia. Transcription summary and letters are related to an interview with Mrs. Lettie Albrite and niece (Ms. Turner-Ritchie) conducted by Mia Barb, at Camelot Nursing Home, Harrisonburg, Va. on March 29, 1991. Refers to Mrs. Albrite's reminiscences of the bark extracting factory at Timberville, Va.; mentions Gen. John Roller, owner. Full transcription and tape of this interview are unavailable.","This interview records the reminiscences of Mr. Wilkins' (D.D. \"Hun\") days as a bark peeler of chestnut oak and hemlock in the Alleghenny mountains of West Virginia, especially in and around Lost River (also Stump's Run, Moorefield, Lost City and Trout Run). Mentions chestnut blight; blizzard of April 27, 1928. Mentions the Maryland-W. Va. Lumber Co., Natrick Lumber Co. and Williamsport, Md. Tannery. Reminiscences about conditions in the camps","This interview records the reminiscences of Mr. Yankey's days as a bark peeler of chestnut oak and hemlock in the Allegheny mountains in areas around Petersburg, Moorefield, Franklin, Cheat Mt., Cass, and Lost City, W. Va. Describes the process of peeling and transporting the bark. Mentions social life and medical care in camps. Refers to paper mill strike in Davis; work in the Timberville, Va. Peach Cannery. Recorded at the home of Mr. Leecy Yankey of Bergton, Va. on Feb. 26, 1991.","This interview records the reminiscences of Mr. Barb's days as a bark peeler of black, red and white oak in the Allegheny mountains region of Rockingham County, Va., in particular Little Turley Mt. Describes the process of peeling and transporting bark including detailed information on how draft animals (horses and mules) were used. Mentions social life, etc. in the camps. Worked for Neff Lumber Mills at Skidmore Fork Lumber Camp, etc. Recorded at the home of Mr. Kale Barb of Fairway Hills, Harrisonburg, Va. on March 9, 1991","Copyright interests for the interviews in this collection have been transferred to James Madison University Special Collections. \nCopyright status for other collection materials is unknown. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for determining copyright status and obtaining permissions for use rests solely with the user.","Copyright interests for the interviews in this collection have been transferred to James Madison University Special Collections. \nCopyright status for other collection materials is unknown. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for determining copyright status and obtaining permissions for use rests solely with the user.","Provision of copies of materials in this collection in does not imply permission to utilize materials in excess of fair use. The researcher is solely responsible for determining the copyright status of materials and, if necessary, obtaining permission to use material from the copyright holder.","The copyright interests have been transferred to Carrier Library.","This collection is comprised of a background paper on the tanbark industry and three oral history interviews recorded in 1987 and 1991 with individuals familiar with the tanbark industry in the central Shenandoah Valley. The 1987 interview was conducted jointly by Chris Bolgiano and John Coleman, and the subsequent two interviews were conducted in 1991 by Mia Barb as part of an oral history project internship.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Barb, Mia","Bolgiano, Chris","Coleman, John","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SdArch 0004","/repositories/4/resources/592"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Tanbark industry in the Shenandoah Valley oral history collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["Tanbark industry in the Shenandoah Valley oral history collection"],"collection_ssim":["Tanbark industry in the Shenandoah Valley oral history collection"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"creator_ssm":["Barb, Mia","Barb, Mia","Bolgiano, Chris","Bolgiano, Chris"],"creator_ssim":["Barb, Mia","Barb, Mia","Bolgiano, Chris","Bolgiano, Chris"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Barb, Mia","Barb, Mia","Bolgiano, Chris","Bolgiano, Chris"],"creators_ssim":["Barb, Mia","Barb, Mia","Bolgiano, Chris","Bolgiano, Chris"],"access_terms_ssm":["Copyright interests for the interviews in this collection have been transferred to James Madison University Special Collections. \nCopyright status for other collection materials is unknown. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for determining copyright status and obtaining permissions for use rests solely with the user."],"acqinfo_ssim":["1987 interview donated in _____ by Chris Bolgiano.\n1991 interviews and background paper donated in 1991 by Mia Barb."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Tanning -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Tanning -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.)","Bark peeling -- Environmental aspects","Bark -- Harvesting","Bark peeling -- Economic aspects","Bark -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Leather industry and trade -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Tanneries -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.)","Tanneries -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Industries -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Tanners -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","oral histories (literary works)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Tanning -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Tanning -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.)","Bark peeling -- Environmental aspects","Bark -- Harvesting","Bark peeling -- Economic aspects","Bark -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Leather industry and trade -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Tanneries -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.)","Tanneries -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Industries -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Tanners -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","oral histories (literary works)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.25 cubic feet 4 folders; 4 audiocassettes"],"extent_tesim":["0.25 cubic feet 4 folders; 4 audiocassettes"],"genreform_ssim":["oral histories (literary works)"],"date_range_isim":[1987,1991],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAccess to oral history interviews is governed by agreements with the narrators. All interviews in this collection are open for research without restriction. \nResearchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Special Collections staff at \u003ca href=\"mailto:library-special@jmu.edu\"\u003elibrary-special@jmu.edu\u003c/a\u003e before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOral history is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access","Access Conditions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Access to oral history interviews is governed by agreements with the narrators. All interviews in this collection are open for research without restriction. \nResearchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Special Collections staff at  library-special@jmu.edu  before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","Oral history is open for research."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA bound volume that comprises copies of the transcripts of each interview in this collection as well as a copy of the project background paper and any related materials is cataloged as a monograph and is available as part of the Libraries' circulating collection under the title, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eTanbark industry : part of an oral history project on the tanbark industry in the Shenandoah Valley\u003c/emph\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Existence and Location of Copies"],"altformavail_tesim":["A bound volume that comprises copies of the transcripts of each interview in this collection as well as a copy of the project background paper and any related materials is cataloged as a monograph and is available as part of the Libraries' circulating collection under the title,  Tanbark industry : part of an oral history project on the tanbark industry in the Shenandoah Valley ."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eTwo of the oral history interviews in this collection were conducted by by Mia Barb, an undergraduate at JMU, who completed the project as part of an internship in Special Collections during 1991 that was jointly sponsored by Carrier Library Special Collections and the U.S. Forest Service. The interview with D.D. Wilkins recorded in 1987 was conducted jointly by Chris Bolgiano, head of Special Collections and freelance forestry writer, and John Coleman, an employee of the U.S. Forest Service.\nThe 1987 interview was conducted in support of the research interests of Chris Bolgiano, who has published scholarship on forestry and the tanbark industry in Appalachia. That interview was assembled with the other two interviews conducted by Mia Barb in 1991 due to the topical focus on the tanbark industry to form a collection of three interviews.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Two of the oral history interviews in this collection were conducted by by Mia Barb, an undergraduate at JMU, who completed the project as part of an internship in Special Collections during 1991 that was jointly sponsored by Carrier Library Special Collections and the U.S. Forest Service. The interview with D.D. Wilkins recorded in 1987 was conducted jointly by Chris Bolgiano, head of Special Collections and freelance forestry writer, and John Coleman, an employee of the U.S. Forest Service.\nThe 1987 interview was conducted in support of the research interests of Chris Bolgiano, who has published scholarship on forestry and the tanbark industry in Appalachia. That interview was assembled with the other two interviews conducted by Mia Barb in 1991 due to the topical focus on the tanbark industry to form a collection of three interviews."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item/interview], [date of item/interview], Tanbark Industry in the Shenandoah Valley Oral History Collection, SdArch 0004, Special Collections, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item/interview], [date of item/interview], Tanbark Industry in the Shenandoah Valley Oral History Collection, SdArch 0004, Special Collections, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn 2008, Libraries' staff in the media resources department reformatted the contents of the original audio cassettes in this collection, using a Tascam CC-222MKII CD recorder / cassette combination deck to transfer digitized m4a and mp3 files onto MAM-A Gold Archival 700MB CD-Rs to serve as both access copies and preservation storage.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 2018, the digital archivist in Special Collections completed a large-scale re-processing project to transfer reformatted born-digital files stored on gold CDs off of the physical media and into access and preservation storage environments on Libraries servers. As part of this project, the digital archivist also combined audio files when appropriate for interviews that were originally recorded across multiple pieces of physical media or on different sides of a single piece of media, and applied a new file naming convention constructed from the oral history collection identifer and a component unique identifer used to differentiate among interviews at the file level in the archival description. The archivist saved these newly combined interview files in .wav file format for preservation storage, and also created derivative access file copies in .mp3 file format.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 2025, as part of an oral history redescription project, archivists corrected errors in file names for audio files in this collection to align with existing file naming conventions for digitized Special Collections materials, and to ensure that all component unique identifiers used within file names for digital surrogates matched the identifiers employed in the corresponding archival description.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["In 2008, Libraries' staff in the media resources department reformatted the contents of the original audio cassettes in this collection, using a Tascam CC-222MKII CD recorder / cassette combination deck to transfer digitized m4a and mp3 files onto MAM-A Gold Archival 700MB CD-Rs to serve as both access copies and preservation storage.","In 2018, the digital archivist in Special Collections completed a large-scale re-processing project to transfer reformatted born-digital files stored on gold CDs off of the physical media and into access and preservation storage environments on Libraries servers. As part of this project, the digital archivist also combined audio files when appropriate for interviews that were originally recorded across multiple pieces of physical media or on different sides of a single piece of media, and applied a new file naming convention constructed from the oral history collection identifer and a component unique identifer used to differentiate among interviews at the file level in the archival description. The archivist saved these newly combined interview files in .wav file format for preservation storage, and also created derivative access file copies in .mp3 file format.","In 2025, as part of an oral history redescription project, archivists corrected errors in file names for audio files in this collection to align with existing file naming conventions for digitized Special Collections materials, and to ensure that all component unique identifiers used within file names for digital surrogates matched the identifiers employed in the corresponding archival description."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA paper authored by Chris Bolgiano was presented in 1999 at the Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar titled \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eTanbark harvesting as an economic and environmental factor in Appalachia\u003c/emph\u003e, is available as part of the \u003cref target=\"d97c77781f8962e65556de93483dfb84\"\u003eShenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar records, SC 0205\u003c/ref\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["A paper authored by Chris Bolgiano was presented in 1999 at the Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar titled  Tanbark harvesting as an economic and environmental factor in Appalachia , is available as part of the  Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar records, SC 0205 ."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is comprised of a background paper and three audio recordings with corresponding transcripts of oral history interviews conducted in 1987 and 1991 with individuals familiar with the history of the tanbark industry in the central Shenandoah Valley. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe background paper explores topics related the various processes used to produce leather, including references to the peeling, grinding, and extracting of bark to yield the tannin (tannic acid) used to tan animals skins and hides. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe interviews focus specifically on the mills, extract factories, and tanneries in the Shenandoah Valley, including the Timberville extract factory, and the Ziegler, Elkton, and Houck tanneries of Rockingham County, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e13-leaf monograph describes the tanning industry in the United States and in particular the Shenandoah Valley. Both general information about the industry and specifics about the tanbark process are included. The various processes used to produce leather are described, including references to the peeling, grinding and extracting of bark to yield the tannin (tannic acid) which was used to tan animals skins and hides. References are made to American tanneries in general; specific information is supplied about bark mills, extract factories and tanneries in the Valley--including the Timberville extract (ooze) factory, and the Ziegler, Elkton and Houck tanneries of Rockingham County, Virginia. Transcription summary and letters are related to an interview with Mrs. Lettie Albrite and niece (Ms. Turner-Ritchie) conducted by Mia Barb, at Camelot Nursing Home, Harrisonburg, Va. on March 29, 1991. Refers to Mrs. Albrite's reminiscences of the bark extracting factory at Timberville, Va.; mentions Gen. John Roller, owner. Full transcription and tape of this interview are unavailable.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview records the reminiscences of Mr. Wilkins' (D.D. \"Hun\") days as a bark peeler of chestnut oak and hemlock in the Alleghenny mountains of West Virginia, especially in and around Lost River (also Stump's Run, Moorefield, Lost City and Trout Run). Mentions chestnut blight; blizzard of April 27, 1928. Mentions the Maryland-W. Va. Lumber Co., Natrick Lumber Co. and Williamsport, Md. Tannery. Reminiscences about conditions in the camps\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview records the reminiscences of Mr. Yankey's days as a bark peeler of chestnut oak and hemlock in the Allegheny mountains in areas around Petersburg, Moorefield, Franklin, Cheat Mt., Cass, and Lost City, W. Va. Describes the process of peeling and transporting the bark. Mentions social life and medical care in camps. Refers to paper mill strike in Davis; work in the Timberville, Va. Peach Cannery. Recorded at the home of Mr. Leecy Yankey of Bergton, Va. on Feb. 26, 1991.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview records the reminiscences of Mr. Barb's days as a bark peeler of black, red and white oak in the Allegheny mountains region of Rockingham County, Va., in particular Little Turley Mt. Describes the process of peeling and transporting bark including detailed information on how draft animals (horses and mules) were used. Mentions social life, etc. in the camps. Worked for Neff Lumber Mills at Skidmore Fork Lumber Camp, etc. Recorded at the home of Mr. Kale Barb of Fairway Hills, Harrisonburg, Va. on March 9, 1991\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection is comprised of a background paper and three audio recordings with corresponding transcripts of oral history interviews conducted in 1987 and 1991 with individuals familiar with the history of the tanbark industry in the central Shenandoah Valley. ","The background paper explores topics related the various processes used to produce leather, including references to the peeling, grinding, and extracting of bark to yield the tannin (tannic acid) used to tan animals skins and hides. ","The interviews focus specifically on the mills, extract factories, and tanneries in the Shenandoah Valley, including the Timberville extract factory, and the Ziegler, Elkton, and Houck tanneries of Rockingham County, Virginia.","13-leaf monograph describes the tanning industry in the United States and in particular the Shenandoah Valley. Both general information about the industry and specifics about the tanbark process are included. The various processes used to produce leather are described, including references to the peeling, grinding and extracting of bark to yield the tannin (tannic acid) which was used to tan animals skins and hides. References are made to American tanneries in general; specific information is supplied about bark mills, extract factories and tanneries in the Valley--including the Timberville extract (ooze) factory, and the Ziegler, Elkton and Houck tanneries of Rockingham County, Virginia. Transcription summary and letters are related to an interview with Mrs. Lettie Albrite and niece (Ms. Turner-Ritchie) conducted by Mia Barb, at Camelot Nursing Home, Harrisonburg, Va. on March 29, 1991. Refers to Mrs. Albrite's reminiscences of the bark extracting factory at Timberville, Va.; mentions Gen. John Roller, owner. Full transcription and tape of this interview are unavailable.","This interview records the reminiscences of Mr. Wilkins' (D.D. \"Hun\") days as a bark peeler of chestnut oak and hemlock in the Alleghenny mountains of West Virginia, especially in and around Lost River (also Stump's Run, Moorefield, Lost City and Trout Run). Mentions chestnut blight; blizzard of April 27, 1928. Mentions the Maryland-W. Va. Lumber Co., Natrick Lumber Co. and Williamsport, Md. Tannery. Reminiscences about conditions in the camps","This interview records the reminiscences of Mr. Yankey's days as a bark peeler of chestnut oak and hemlock in the Allegheny mountains in areas around Petersburg, Moorefield, Franklin, Cheat Mt., Cass, and Lost City, W. Va. Describes the process of peeling and transporting the bark. Mentions social life and medical care in camps. Refers to paper mill strike in Davis; work in the Timberville, Va. Peach Cannery. Recorded at the home of Mr. Leecy Yankey of Bergton, Va. on Feb. 26, 1991.","This interview records the reminiscences of Mr. Barb's days as a bark peeler of black, red and white oak in the Allegheny mountains region of Rockingham County, Va., in particular Little Turley Mt. Describes the process of peeling and transporting bark including detailed information on how draft animals (horses and mules) were used. Mentions social life, etc. in the camps. Worked for Neff Lumber Mills at Skidmore Fork Lumber Camp, etc. Recorded at the home of Mr. Kale Barb of Fairway Hills, Harrisonburg, Va. on March 9, 1991"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCopyright interests for the interviews in this collection have been transferred to James Madison University Special Collections. \nCopyright status for other collection materials is unknown. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for determining copyright status and obtaining permissions for use rests solely with the user.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCopyright interests for the interviews in this collection have been transferred to James Madison University Special Collections. \nCopyright status for other collection materials is unknown. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for determining copyright status and obtaining permissions for use rests solely with the user.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProvision of copies of materials in this collection in does not imply permission to utilize materials in excess of fair use. The researcher is solely responsible for determining the copyright status of materials and, if necessary, obtaining permission to use material from the copyright holder.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests have been transferred to Carrier Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use","Conditions Governing Use","Conditions Governing Use","Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["Copyright interests for the interviews in this collection have been transferred to James Madison University Special Collections. \nCopyright status for other collection materials is unknown. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for determining copyright status and obtaining permissions for use rests solely with the user.","Copyright interests for the interviews in this collection have been transferred to James Madison University Special Collections. \nCopyright status for other collection materials is unknown. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for determining copyright status and obtaining permissions for use rests solely with the user.","Provision of copies of materials in this collection in does not imply permission to utilize materials in excess of fair use. The researcher is solely responsible for determining the copyright status of materials and, if necessary, obtaining permission to use material from the copyright holder.","The copyright interests have been transferred to Carrier Library."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_b7211b70131e82bd9621ecc8f329ef41\"\u003eThis collection is comprised of a background paper on the tanbark industry and three oral history interviews recorded in 1987 and 1991 with individuals familiar with the tanbark industry in the central Shenandoah Valley. The 1987 interview was conducted jointly by Chris Bolgiano and John Coleman, and the subsequent two interviews were conducted in 1991 by Mia Barb as part of an oral history project internship.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["This collection is comprised of a background paper on the tanbark industry and three oral history interviews recorded in 1987 and 1991 with individuals familiar with the tanbark industry in the central Shenandoah Valley. The 1987 interview was conducted jointly by Chris Bolgiano and John Coleman, and the subsequent two interviews were conducted in 1991 by Mia Barb as part of an oral history project internship."],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Barb, Mia","Bolgiano, Chris","Coleman, John"],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections"],"names_coll_ssim":["Barb, Mia","Bolgiano, Chris"],"persname_ssim":["Barb, Mia","Bolgiano, Chris","Coleman, John"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":10,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:24:36.195Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_592_c02"}},{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_596_c03","type":"Interview","attributes":{"title":"Earnest Dickerman interviewed by Dominic Pisciotta","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_596_c03#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThese interviews record the recollections of Mr. Ernest M. Dickerman, retired wildlife conservationist and lobbyist for the Wilderness Society. One of two individuals interviewed for an oral history project, the purpose of which was to \"make an historical record of the diverse biology of the George Washington National Forest and the efforts to preserve . . . [its] forest and wilderness areas.\" Records Mr. Dickerman's interests and knowledge of the American wilderness movement and efforts to secure wilderness areas throughout the Eastern United States. Includes information about the founding of the Wilderness Society, details concerning the Wilderness Act of 1964 and the National Wilderness Preservation System, along with many facts surrounding Eastern wilderness areas. Provides insight into his job while a lobbyist in Congress; travels to inform and gain support; testifying at hearings; and relations with various land management agencies. Relates early histories and conflicts with timber and mining industries; the Sierra Club; and the U.S. Forest Service.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_596_c03#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_596_c03","ref_ssm":["vihart_repositories_4_resources_596_c03"],"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_596_c03","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_596","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_596","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_596","parent_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_596","parent_ssim":["vihart_repositories_4_resources_596"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vihart_repositories_4_resources_596"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["George Washington National Forest oral histories"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["George Washington National Forest oral histories"],"text":["George Washington National Forest oral histories","Earnest Dickerman interviewed by Dominic Pisciotta","Dickerman, Ernest M. (Ernest Miller), 1910-1998","Pisciotta, Dominic","Oral history is open for research.","These interviews record the recollections of Mr. Ernest M. Dickerman, retired wildlife conservationist and lobbyist for the Wilderness Society. One of two individuals interviewed for an oral history project, the purpose of which was to \"make an historical record of the diverse biology of the George Washington National Forest and the efforts to preserve . . . [its] forest and wilderness areas.\" Records Mr. Dickerman's interests and knowledge of the American wilderness movement and efforts to secure wilderness areas throughout the Eastern United States. Includes information about the founding of the Wilderness Society, details concerning the Wilderness Act of 1964 and the National Wilderness Preservation System, along with many facts surrounding Eastern wilderness areas. Provides insight into his job while a lobbyist in Congress; travels to inform and gain support; testifying at hearings; and relations with various land management agencies. Relates early histories and conflicts with timber and mining industries; the Sierra Club; and the U.S. Forest Service.","Copyright interests have been transferred to Carrier Library."],"title_filing_ssi":"Earnest Dickerman interviewed by Dominic Pisciotta","title_ssm":["Earnest Dickerman interviewed by Dominic Pisciotta"],"title_tesim":["Earnest Dickerman interviewed by Dominic Pisciotta"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1994 October 11","1994 October 19"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1994, 1994"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Earnest Dickerman interviewed by Dominic Pisciotta"],"component_level_isim":[1],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"collection_ssim":["George Washington National Forest oral histories"],"extent_ssm":["2 interviews"],"extent_tesim":["2 interviews"],"creator_ssim":["Dickerman, Ernest M. (Ernest Miller), 1910-1998","Pisciotta, Dominic"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":3,"level_ssm":["Interview"],"level_ssim":["Interview"],"sort_isi":11,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Access to the Oral Histories is governed by agreements with the narrators. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Copyright interests have been transferred to Carrier Library."],"date_range_isim":[1994],"names_ssim":["Dickerman, Ernest M. (Ernest Miller), 1910-1998","Pisciotta, Dominic"],"persname_ssim":["Dickerman, Ernest M. (Ernest Miller), 1910-1998","Pisciotta, Dominic"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOral history is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Oral history is open for research."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThese interviews record the recollections of Mr. Ernest M. Dickerman, retired wildlife conservationist and lobbyist for the Wilderness Society. One of two individuals interviewed for an oral history project, the purpose of which was to \"make an historical record of the diverse biology of the George Washington National Forest and the efforts to preserve . . . [its] forest and wilderness areas.\" Records Mr. Dickerman's interests and knowledge of the American wilderness movement and efforts to secure wilderness areas throughout the Eastern United States. Includes information about the founding of the Wilderness Society, details concerning the Wilderness Act of 1964 and the National Wilderness Preservation System, along with many facts surrounding Eastern wilderness areas. Provides insight into his job while a lobbyist in Congress; travels to inform and gain support; testifying at hearings; and relations with various land management agencies. Relates early histories and conflicts with timber and mining industries; the Sierra Club; and the U.S. Forest Service.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["These interviews record the recollections of Mr. Ernest M. Dickerman, retired wildlife conservationist and lobbyist for the Wilderness Society. One of two individuals interviewed for an oral history project, the purpose of which was to \"make an historical record of the diverse biology of the George Washington National Forest and the efforts to preserve . . . [its] forest and wilderness areas.\" Records Mr. Dickerman's interests and knowledge of the American wilderness movement and efforts to secure wilderness areas throughout the Eastern United States. Includes information about the founding of the Wilderness Society, details concerning the Wilderness Act of 1964 and the National Wilderness Preservation System, along with many facts surrounding Eastern wilderness areas. Provides insight into his job while a lobbyist in Congress; travels to inform and gain support; testifying at hearings; and relations with various land management agencies. Relates early histories and conflicts with timber and mining industries; the Sierra Club; and the U.S. Forest Service."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCopyright interests have been transferred to Carrier Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["Copyright interests have been transferred to Carrier Library."],"_nest_path_":"/components#2","timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:25:29.210Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_596","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_596","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_596","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_596","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_596.xml","title_ssm":["George Washington National Forest oral histories"],"title_tesim":["George Washington National Forest oral histories"],"unitdate_ssm":["1994"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1994"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SdArch 0006","/repositories/4/resources/596"],"text":["SdArch 0006","/repositories/4/resources/596","George Washington National Forest oral histories","Forest reserves -- George Washington National Forest (Va. and W. Va.)","Forest management -- George Washington National Forest (Va. and W. Va.)","Wildlife management -- George Washington National Forest (Va. and W. Va.)","Botany -- George Washington National Forest (Va. and W. Va.)","Zoology -- George Washington National Forest (Va. and W. Va.)","Biodiversity conservation","Wildlife conservationists -- Virginia","National parks and reserves -- Virginia","Trees -- Diseases and pests","Access to the Oral Histories is governed by agreements with the narrators. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","Oral history is open for research.","Oral history is open for research.","Original AV is unavailable pending reformatting.","Dominic Pisciotta was a senior at James Madison University, conducted these interviews in fulfillment of a JMU student internship, during the fall of 1994. The project was funded in part by the U.S. Forest Service.","The original accession included six video cassettes of interview with Ernest Dickerman, 2 audiocassette tapes for transction, 2 regular cassette interview tapes, and three audiocassettes. The videocassettes were not found at the time of inventory in 2019. There are two additional preservation cds of SdArch 6-2d that were noted as blank and corrupted, and not included in this finding aid.","George Washington National Forest Oral Histories, 1994, is comprised of audio recordings and transcripts documenting interviews conducted by a JMU student intern with Jacob Kagey and Earnest Dickerman, employees of George Washington National Forest National Park, on the topics of botanical and wilderness history.","Background research paper describing the purpose of the oral history project on \"the diverse biology of the George Washington National Forest and the efforts to preserve . . . [its] forest and wilderness areas.\" Also includes historical perspective on \"The American wilderness movement\" and \"A biological synopsis of the George Washington National Forest.\"","These interviews record the recollections of Mr. Jacob Kagey, retired cabinetmaker and naturalist/flora expert, one of two individuals interviewed for an oral history project, the purpose of which was to \"make an historical record of the diverse biology of the George Washington National Forest and the efforts to preserve . . . [its] forest and wilderness areas.\"  Records Mr. Kagey's interests and vast knowledge of George Washington National Forest flora including information, some previously undocumented, on native, prolific and rare plants: Mentions early interest in trees and flowers, hiking partners and the Appalachian Trail Club. Describes in detail various flora and their locations in the area, primarily in Rockingham and Augusta Counties. Specifically mentions various species of orchids, ferns, lady slippers, trillium, shale barren plants, star flowers and oak trees. Talks about approach to finding plants, contacts with other local experts/botanists and discoveries which have been recorded in \"The atlas of the Virginia flora.\" Mentions invasive plants and other environmental factors impacting flora. Recorded at the home of Mr. Jacob Kagey of Bridgewater, Va. on Sept. 16 and Sept. 22, 1994.","These interviews record the recollections of Mr. Ernest M. Dickerman, retired wildlife conservationist and lobbyist for the Wilderness Society. One of two individuals interviewed for an oral history project, the purpose of which was to \"make an historical record of the diverse biology of the George Washington National Forest and the efforts to preserve . . . 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For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests have been transferred to Carrier Library.","Copyright interests have been transferred to Carrier Library.","The George Washington National Forest Oral History Collection, 1994, is comprised of audio recordings and transcripts documenting interviews conducted by a JMU student intern with Jacob Kagey and Earnest Dickerman, employees of George Washington National Forest National Park, on the topics of botanical and wilderness history.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Sierra Club","Wilderness Society (U.S.)","United States (Title of work: Wilderness Act.)","Pisciotta, Dominic","Kagey, Jacob Daniel, 1922-2010","Dickerman, Ernest M. 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Va.)","Forest management -- George Washington National Forest (Va. and W. Va.)","Wildlife management -- George Washington National Forest (Va. and W. Va.)","Botany -- George Washington National Forest (Va. and W. Va.)","Zoology -- George Washington National Forest (Va. and W. Va.)","Biodiversity conservation","Wildlife conservationists -- Virginia","National parks and reserves -- Virginia","Trees -- Diseases and pests"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Forest reserves -- George Washington National Forest (Va. and W. Va.)","Forest management -- George Washington National Forest (Va. and W. Va.)","Wildlife management -- George Washington National Forest (Va. and W. Va.)","Botany -- George Washington National Forest (Va. and W. Va.)","Zoology -- George Washington National Forest (Va. and W. Va.)","Biodiversity conservation","Wildlife conservationists -- Virginia","National parks and reserves -- Virginia","Trees -- Diseases and pests"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.2 cubic feet 3 folders, 6 audiocassettes, 8 cds"],"extent_tesim":["0.2 cubic feet 3 folders, 6 audiocassettes, 8 cds"],"date_range_isim":[1994],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAccess to the Oral Histories is governed by agreements with the narrators. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. 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The project was funded in part by the U.S. Forest Service."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box #, folder #], George Washington National Forest Oral Histories, 1994, SdArch 0006, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box #, folder #], George Washington National Forest Oral Histories, 1994, SdArch 0006, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe original accession included six video cassettes of interview with Ernest Dickerman, 2 audiocassette tapes for transction, 2 regular cassette interview tapes, and three audiocassettes. The videocassettes were not found at the time of inventory in 2019. There are two additional preservation cds of SdArch 6-2d that were noted as blank and corrupted, and not included in this finding aid.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The original accession included six video cassettes of interview with Ernest Dickerman, 2 audiocassette tapes for transction, 2 regular cassette interview tapes, and three audiocassettes. The videocassettes were not found at the time of inventory in 2019. There are two additional preservation cds of SdArch 6-2d that were noted as blank and corrupted, and not included in this finding aid."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGeorge Washington National Forest Oral Histories, 1994, is comprised of audio recordings and transcripts documenting interviews conducted by a JMU student intern with Jacob Kagey and Earnest Dickerman, employees of George Washington National Forest National Park, on the topics of botanical and wilderness history.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBackground research paper describing the purpose of the oral history project on \"the diverse biology of the George Washington National Forest and the efforts to preserve . . . 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Specifically mentions various species of orchids, ferns, lady slippers, trillium, shale barren plants, star flowers and oak trees. Talks about approach to finding plants, contacts with other local experts/botanists and discoveries which have been recorded in \"The atlas of the Virginia flora.\" Mentions invasive plants and other environmental factors impacting flora. Recorded at the home of Mr. Jacob Kagey of Bridgewater, Va. on Sept. 16 and Sept. 22, 1994.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThese interviews record the recollections of Mr. Ernest M. Dickerman, retired wildlife conservationist and lobbyist for the Wilderness Society. One of two individuals interviewed for an oral history project, the purpose of which was to \"make an historical record of the diverse biology of the George Washington National Forest and the efforts to preserve . . . [its] forest and wilderness areas.\" Records Mr. Dickerman's interests and knowledge of the American wilderness movement and efforts to secure wilderness areas throughout the Eastern United States. Includes information about the founding of the Wilderness Society, details concerning the Wilderness Act of 1964 and the National Wilderness Preservation System, along with many facts surrounding Eastern wilderness areas. Provides insight into his job while a lobbyist in Congress; travels to inform and gain support; testifying at hearings; and relations with various land management agencies. Relates early histories and conflicts with timber and mining industries; the Sierra Club; and the U.S. Forest Service.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["George Washington National Forest Oral Histories, 1994, is comprised of audio recordings and transcripts documenting interviews conducted by a JMU student intern with Jacob Kagey and Earnest Dickerman, employees of George Washington National Forest National Park, on the topics of botanical and wilderness history.","Background research paper describing the purpose of the oral history project on \"the diverse biology of the George Washington National Forest and the efforts to preserve . . . [its] forest and wilderness areas.\" Also includes historical perspective on \"The American wilderness movement\" and \"A biological synopsis of the George Washington National Forest.\"","These interviews record the recollections of Mr. Jacob Kagey, retired cabinetmaker and naturalist/flora expert, one of two individuals interviewed for an oral history project, the purpose of which was to \"make an historical record of the diverse biology of the George Washington National Forest and the efforts to preserve . . . [its] forest and wilderness areas.\"  Records Mr. Kagey's interests and vast knowledge of George Washington National Forest flora including information, some previously undocumented, on native, prolific and rare plants: Mentions early interest in trees and flowers, hiking partners and the Appalachian Trail Club. Describes in detail various flora and their locations in the area, primarily in Rockingham and Augusta Counties. Specifically mentions various species of orchids, ferns, lady slippers, trillium, shale barren plants, star flowers and oak trees. Talks about approach to finding plants, contacts with other local experts/botanists and discoveries which have been recorded in \"The atlas of the Virginia flora.\" Mentions invasive plants and other environmental factors impacting flora. Recorded at the home of Mr. Jacob Kagey of Bridgewater, Va. on Sept. 16 and Sept. 22, 1994.","These interviews record the recollections of Mr. Ernest M. Dickerman, retired wildlife conservationist and lobbyist for the Wilderness Society. One of two individuals interviewed for an oral history project, the purpose of which was to \"make an historical record of the diverse biology of the George Washington National Forest and the efforts to preserve . . . [its] forest and wilderness areas.\" Records Mr. Dickerman's interests and knowledge of the American wilderness movement and efforts to secure wilderness areas throughout the Eastern United States. Includes information about the founding of the Wilderness Society, details concerning the Wilderness Act of 1964 and the National Wilderness Preservation System, along with many facts surrounding Eastern wilderness areas. Provides insight into his job while a lobbyist in Congress; travels to inform and gain support; testifying at hearings; and relations with various land management agencies. Relates early histories and conflicts with timber and mining industries; the Sierra Club; and the U.S. Forest Service."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests have been transferred to Carrier Library.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCopyright interests have been transferred to Carrier Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions","Use Restrictions","Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests have been transferred to Carrier Library.","Copyright interests have been transferred to Carrier Library."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_c9c3b22bc93a0e720a3eaa4531b963d6\"\u003eThe George Washington National Forest Oral History Collection, 1994, is comprised of audio recordings and transcripts documenting interviews conducted by a JMU student intern with Jacob Kagey and Earnest Dickerman, employees of George Washington National Forest National Park, on the topics of botanical and wilderness history.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The George Washington National Forest Oral History Collection, 1994, is comprised of audio recordings and transcripts documenting interviews conducted by a JMU student intern with Jacob Kagey and Earnest Dickerman, employees of George Washington National Forest National Park, on the topics of botanical and wilderness history."],"names_coll_ssim":["Sierra Club","Wilderness Society (U.S.)","United States (Title of work: Wilderness Act.)","Pisciotta, Dominic"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Sierra Club","Wilderness Society (U.S.)","United States (Title of work: Wilderness Act.)","Pisciotta, Dominic","Kagey, Jacob Daniel, 1922-2010","Dickerman, Ernest M. (Ernest Miller), 1910-1998"],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Sierra Club","Wilderness Society (U.S.)","United States (Title of work: Wilderness Act.)"],"persname_ssim":["Pisciotta, Dominic","Kagey, Jacob Daniel, 1922-2010","Dickerman, Ernest M. (Ernest Miller), 1910-1998"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":14,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:25:29.210Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_596_c03"}},{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_591_c02","type":"Interview","attributes":{"title":"George Elliot Reeke interviewed by Laura A. Oakes","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_591_c02#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis interview records the recollections of Mr. George Elliot Reeke who was a maintenance engineer from 1941-1980 at the Stonewall Plant at Elkton, VA., a manufacturing plant of the pharmaceutical corporation, Merck \u0026amp; Co. Reeke describes various aspects of work; the impact of the plant on the community and company, and events and changes which impacted on the plant, its employees and local area. Expresses viewpoints from the perspective of an employee who was present at the founding of the plant through its building years. Mentions the building of the plant and its physical layout; descriptions of jobs and key personnel; employment practices (wages, benefits, status of minorities and women); administrative research and production activities (ex. riboflavin process, thiamin, streptomycin, penicillin, atabrin, various vitamins); employer-employee relations; outside activities (clubs, etc.); communication within the plant, safety/quality control measures and health care; transportation of raw materials; company housing; community relations and economic impact; environmental impact (fish kill in the Shenandoah River); and the impact of WWII on the plant, employees and community. 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Oakes","Reeke, George Elliott, 1917-2001","Oakes, Laura","This interview records the recollections of Mr. George Elliot Reeke who was a maintenance engineer from 1941-1980 at the Stonewall Plant at Elkton, VA., a manufacturing plant of the pharmaceutical corporation, Merck \u0026 Co. Reeke describes various aspects of work; the impact of the plant on the community and company, and events and changes which impacted on the plant, its employees and local area. Expresses viewpoints from the perspective of an employee who was present at the founding of the plant through its building years. Mentions the building of the plant and its physical layout; descriptions of jobs and key personnel; employment practices (wages, benefits, status of minorities and women); administrative research and production activities (ex. riboflavin process, thiamin, streptomycin, penicillin, atabrin, various vitamins); employer-employee relations; outside activities (clubs, etc.); communication within the plant, safety/quality control measures and health care; transportation of raw materials; company housing; community relations and economic impact; environmental impact (fish kill in the Shenandoah River); and the impact of WWII on the plant, employees and community. Recorded at the home of Mr. George Elliot Reeke of Harrisonburg, VA. on July 3, 1990."],"title_filing_ssi":"George Elliot Reeke interviewed by Laura A. Oakes","title_ssm":["George Elliot Reeke interviewed by Laura A. Oakes"],"title_tesim":["George Elliot Reeke interviewed by Laura A. Oakes"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1990 July 03"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1990"],"normalized_title_ssm":["George Elliot Reeke interviewed by Laura A. Oakes"],"component_level_isim":[1],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"collection_ssim":["Drugs in the valley: fifty years of Merck and Co. oral history collection"],"creator_ssim":["Reeke, George Elliott, 1917-2001","Oakes, Laura"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":6,"level_ssm":["Interview"],"level_ssim":["Interview"],"sort_isi":2,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Access to oral history interviews is governed by agreements with the narrators. All interviews in this collection are open for research without restriction. \nResearchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Special Collections staff at library-special@jmu.edu before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Copyright interests for the interviews in this collection have been transferred to James Madison University Special Collections. Copyright status for other collection materials is unknown. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for determining copyright status and obtaining permissions for use rests solely with the user."],"date_range_isim":[1990],"names_ssim":["Reeke, George Elliott, 1917-2001","Oakes, Laura"],"persname_ssim":["Reeke, George Elliott, 1917-2001","Oakes, Laura"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis interview records the recollections of Mr. George Elliot Reeke who was a maintenance engineer from 1941-1980 at the Stonewall Plant at Elkton, VA., a manufacturing plant of the pharmaceutical corporation, Merck \u0026amp; Co. Reeke describes various aspects of work; the impact of the plant on the community and company, and events and changes which impacted on the plant, its employees and local area. Expresses viewpoints from the perspective of an employee who was present at the founding of the plant through its building years. Mentions the building of the plant and its physical layout; descriptions of jobs and key personnel; employment practices (wages, benefits, status of minorities and women); administrative research and production activities (ex. riboflavin process, thiamin, streptomycin, penicillin, atabrin, various vitamins); employer-employee relations; outside activities (clubs, etc.); communication within the plant, safety/quality control measures and health care; transportation of raw materials; company housing; community relations and economic impact; environmental impact (fish kill in the Shenandoah River); and the impact of WWII on the plant, employees and community. Recorded at the home of Mr. George Elliot Reeke of Harrisonburg, VA. on July 3, 1990.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This interview records the recollections of Mr. George Elliot Reeke who was a maintenance engineer from 1941-1980 at the Stonewall Plant at Elkton, VA., a manufacturing plant of the pharmaceutical corporation, Merck \u0026 Co. Reeke describes various aspects of work; the impact of the plant on the community and company, and events and changes which impacted on the plant, its employees and local area. Expresses viewpoints from the perspective of an employee who was present at the founding of the plant through its building years. Mentions the building of the plant and its physical layout; descriptions of jobs and key personnel; employment practices (wages, benefits, status of minorities and women); administrative research and production activities (ex. riboflavin process, thiamin, streptomycin, penicillin, atabrin, various vitamins); employer-employee relations; outside activities (clubs, etc.); communication within the plant, safety/quality control measures and health care; transportation of raw materials; company housing; community relations and economic impact; environmental impact (fish kill in the Shenandoah River); and the impact of WWII on the plant, employees and community. Recorded at the home of Mr. George Elliot Reeke of Harrisonburg, VA. on July 3, 1990."],"_nest_path_":"/components#1","timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:20:27.499Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_591","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_591","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_591","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_591","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_591.xml","title_ssm":["Drugs in the valley: fifty years of Merck and Co. oral history collection"],"title_tesim":["Drugs in the valley: fifty years of Merck and Co. oral history collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1990"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1990"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SdArch 0003","/repositories/4/resources/591"],"text":["SdArch 0003","/repositories/4/resources/591","Drugs in the valley: fifty years of Merck and Co. oral history collection","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Economic conditions","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Economic conditions -- Sources","Pharmaceutical industry -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History","Pharmaceutical industry employees","Industrial relations -- Virginia -- Elkton","World War, 1939-1945 -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Industries -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Industries -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Sources","oral histories (literary works)","Access to oral history interviews is governed by agreements with the narrators. All interviews in this collection are open for research without restriction. \nResearchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Special Collections staff at  library-special@jmu.edu  before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","Researchers may request these materials via a digitization request to receive electronic delivery of access copies. Contact  library-special@jmu.edu  with questions about requesting digital access copies.","Access to original or duplicating copies of physical media is restricted. Researchers must consult digital access copies; if none exist researchers may request that digital access copies be made. Contact  library-special@jmu.edu  to request digitization.","Access to original or duplicating copies of physical media is restricted. Researchers must consult digital access copies; if none exist researchers may request that digital access copies be made. Contact  library-special@jmu.edu  to request digitization.","Access to original or duplicating copies of physical media is restricted. Researchers must consult digital access copies; if none exist researchers may request that digital access copies be made. Contact  library-special@jmu.edu  to request digitization.","Access to original or duplicating copies of physical media is restricted. Researchers must consult digital access copies; if none exist researchers may request that digital access copies be made. Contact  library-special@jmu.edu  to request digitization.","Interview is open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Special Collections staff at library-special@jmu.edu before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","Interview is open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Special Collections staff at library-special@jmu.edu before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","A bound volume that comprises copies of the transcripts of each interview in this collection as well as a copy of the project background paper and any related materials is cataloged as a monograph and is available as part of the Libraries' circulating collection under the title,  Drugs in the Valley : fifty years of Merck and Co., Inc., 1941-1991. Part of an oral history project .","Oral history interviews that make up this collection were conducted in July 1990 by JMU undergraduate student Laura Oakes, as part of an oral history summer internship in Special Collections. The background paper and the three interviews in this collection formed the basis for the bachelor honors thesis titled  Drugs in the Valley: the history of the Stonewall Plant of Merck and Company, Inc., 1941-1991 , as well as the monograph titled  Stonewall: the realization of a vision, 1941-1991 , both published in 1991 and authored by Oakes. Copies of both of these related titles form part of Special Collections' rare book holdings.","In 2008, Libraries' staff in the media resources department reformatted the contents of the original audio cassettes in this collection, using a Tascam CC-222MKII CD recorder / cassette combination deck to transfer digitized m4a and mp3 files onto MAM-A Gold Archival 700MB CD-Rs to serve as both access copies and preservation storage.","In 2018, the digital archivist in Special Collections completed a large-scale project to transfer reformatted born-digital files stored on gold CDs off of the physical media and into access and preservation storage environments on Libraries servers. As part of this project, the digital archivist also combined audio files when appropriate for interviews that were originally recorded across multiple pieces of physical media or on different sides of a single piece of media, and applied a new file naming convention constructed from the oral history collection identifer and a component unique identifer used to differentiate among interviews at the file level in the archival description. The archivist saved these newly combined interview files in .wav file format for preservation storage, and also created derivative access file copies in .mp3 file format.","In 2025, as part of an oral history redescription project, archivists corrected errors in file names for audio files in this collection to align with existing file naming conventions for digitized Special Collections materials, and to ensure that all component unique identifiers used within file names for digital surrogates matched the identifiers employed in the corresponding archival description.","This collection is comprised of a background paper and three audio recordings with corresponding transcripts of oral history interviews conducted in July 1990 with individuals who had worked at the Merck and Co., Inc. pharmaceutical manufacturing plant located in Elkton, Virginia known as the Stonewall Plant.","The background paper provides contextual information around the genesis of the oral history project and outlines the project purpose as intending to record the experiences of plant employees to understand the impact of Elkton, Virginia plant operations on individuals and communities in the Shenandoah Valley and beyond. The background paper includes a brief chronological history of the growth and development of the pharmaceutical corporation, Merck and Co., Inc. with focus on the history of the Stonewall Plant.","Interviews in this collection record the recollections of three individuals who worked at the Stonewall plant in different capacities, and who were selected for participation in the project to reflect a variety of viewpoints. A summary of each interview is included in a scope and contents note for each individual interview.","This background paper records a brief chronological history of the growth and development of the pharmaceutical corporation, Merck and Co., Inc. and in particular, one of its manufacturing plants, the Stonewall Plant at Elkton, Virginia in the Shenandoah Valley. The paper traces the history of the Merck family and its association with pharmaceutical businesses beginning in 17th century Germany to expansion in the U.S. in 1891 where it became an independent entity in 1908. Mentions various family names, including George W. Merck; refers to plant sites including Rahway, New Jersey and specifically the Stonewall Plant at Elkton. Gives background information on the selection of the Virginia site, its 1941 founding and growth, along with mention of the 1977 plant built by Merck, Sharp and Dohme. Explains the purpose of the oral history series in recording the reminiscences of Stonewall plant employees to determine the impact of the plant on the area and the company as a whole, and also the events, etc. in the local community, company and world upon the plant, its employees, and local area. Three employees were chosen to reflect varying viewpoints. They were: G. Elliot Reeke, 39-yr. retired employee (maintenance engineer manager), present from the plant's founding; Olin N. Leake, 38-yr. retired hourly employee (chemical operator), present during the plant's middle and growth years; and Barry Ream, 20-year current employee (administrative manufacturing area head).","This interview records the recollections of Mr. George Elliot Reeke who was a maintenance engineer from 1941-1980 at the Stonewall Plant at Elkton, VA., a manufacturing plant of the pharmaceutical corporation, Merck \u0026 Co. Reeke describes various aspects of work; the impact of the plant on the community and company, and events and changes which impacted on the plant, its employees and local area. Expresses viewpoints from the perspective of an employee who was present at the founding of the plant through its building years. Mentions the building of the plant and its physical layout; descriptions of jobs and key personnel; employment practices (wages, benefits, status of minorities and women); administrative research and production activities (ex. riboflavin process, thiamin, streptomycin, penicillin, atabrin, various vitamins); employer-employee relations; outside activities (clubs, etc.); communication within the plant, safety/quality control measures and health care; transportation of raw materials; company housing; community relations and economic impact; environmental impact (fish kill in the Shenandoah River); and the impact of WWII on the plant, employees and community. Recorded at the home of Mr. George Elliot Reeke of Harrisonburg, VA. on July 3, 1990.","Includes digitized access copies of interview recording and interview transcript.","This interview records the recollections of Mr. Olin Norman Leake who was a chemical operator from 1948-1986 at the Stonewall Plant at Elkton, Va., a manufacturing plant of the pharmaceutical corporation, Merck \u0026 Co. He describes various aspects of work; the impact of the plant on the community and company, and events and changes which impacted on the plant, its employees, and local area. Expresses viewpoints from the perspective of an employee who was present during the middle years of the plant's history (to date). Describes training procedures and the production process for drugs such as streptomycin; (also mentions vitamin B-1, B-12, and chicken feed drugs such as nicarbazine and sulfaquinoxaline). Refers to packaging and sterilization of drugs and process of batch operations. Mentions communication within the plant; safety/accident quality control measures and health care; company housing; community relations and outside activities. Recalls employer-employee relations and employment practices (wages, benefits status of minorities and women); shift work; and the strike of 1984. Talks about impact of WWII on plant, employees and area (blackouts, draft). Mentions competition from international production (ex. Egypt plant), and impact of machinery taking place of workers. Recorded at the home of Mr. Olin Norman Leake of Harrisonburg, Va. on July 12, 1990.","This interview records the viewpoints of Mr. Barry Jay Ream, employed since 1970 and now a manufacturing area head at the Stonewall Plant at Elkton, Va., a manufacturing plant of the pharmaceutical corporation, Merck \u0026 Co. He describes various aspects of work; the impact of the plant on the community and company, and events and changes which impacted on the plant, its employees, and local area. Expresses viewpoints from the perspective of an employee who is currently employed and who has knowledge of the plant's present status and insight into its possible future. Discusses various personnel related issues including changes in employer-employee relations, employment practices (wages, benefits, women), labor relations and the strike of 1984, and descriptions of job responsibilities and key positions. Refers to two fairly new divisions of the company (MPMD and MCMD). Mentions the fermentation (microbiological) process and production of vitamin B-12, Mevacor, Primaxin and Carbidoba. Also mentions several accidents and the use of benzene, now known as a carcinogen. Discusses various technological changes; those made by Roy Vagelos; importance of environmental issues; and the growth of generic drugs. Talks about changing management practices resulting in competition between plants with possible plant closing (Cherokee Plant), decentralization versus centralization, and importance of research and international divisions (ex. England and Puerto Rico plants). Mentions relations with the area, in particular, Elkton; also flood of 1985. Recorded at the home of Barry Jay Ream of Elkton, Va. on July 18, 1990.","Copyright interests for the interviews in this collection have been transferred to James Madison University Special Collections. Copyright status for other collection materials is unknown. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for determining copyright status and obtaining permissions for use rests solely with the user.","Provision of copies of materials in this collection in does not imply permission to utilize materials in excess of fair use. The researcher is solely responsible for determining the copyright status of materials and, if necessary, obtaining permission to use material from the copyright holder.","The copyright interests for this interview have been transferred to James Madison University Special Collections. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for determining copyright status and obtaining permissions for use rests solely with the user. Please contact Special Collections staff at library-special@jmu.edu for additional information.","The copyright interests for this interview have been transferred to James Madison University Special Collections. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for determining copyright status and obtaining permissions for use rests solely with the user. Please contact Special Collections staff at library-special@jmu.edu for additional information.","Collection is an oral history project comprised of a background paper and three audio recordings with corresponding transcripts of interviews conducted in July 1990 by Laura Oakes with former and current employees of the Merck and Co., Inc. pharmaceutical manufacturing plant located in Elkton, Virginia, known as the Stonewall Plant.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Oakes, Laura","Reeke, George Elliott, 1917-2001","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SdArch 0003","/repositories/4/resources/591"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Drugs in the valley: fifty years of Merck and Co. oral history collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["Drugs in the valley: fifty years of Merck and Co. oral history collection"],"collection_ssim":["Drugs in the valley: fifty years of Merck and Co. oral history collection"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"geogname_ssm":["Rockingham County (Va.) -- History","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Economic conditions","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Economic conditions -- Sources"],"geogname_ssim":["Rockingham County (Va.) -- History","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Economic conditions","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Economic conditions -- Sources"],"creator_ssm":["Oakes, Laura","Oakes, Laura"],"creator_ssim":["Oakes, Laura","Oakes, Laura"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Oakes, Laura","Oakes, Laura"],"creators_ssim":["Oakes, Laura","Oakes, Laura"],"places_ssim":["Rockingham County (Va.) -- History","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Economic conditions","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Economic conditions -- Sources"],"access_terms_ssm":["Copyright interests for the interviews in this collection have been transferred to James Madison University Special Collections. Copyright status for other collection materials is unknown. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for determining copyright status and obtaining permissions for use rests solely with the user."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Interviews and collection materials were donated to Special Collections in 1990 by Laura Oakes."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Pharmaceutical industry -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History","Pharmaceutical industry employees","Industrial relations -- Virginia -- Elkton","World War, 1939-1945 -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Industries -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Industries -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Sources","oral histories (literary works)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Pharmaceutical industry -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History","Pharmaceutical industry employees","Industrial relations -- Virginia -- Elkton","World War, 1939-1945 -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Industries -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Industries -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Sources","oral histories (literary works)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.25 cubic feet 4 folders and 4 original sound cassettes"],"extent_tesim":["0.25 cubic feet 4 folders and 4 original sound cassettes"],"physfacet_tesim":["(Reformatted access copies"],"dimensions_tesim":["3 digitized audio recordings)"],"genreform_ssim":["oral histories (literary works)"],"date_range_isim":[1990],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAccess to oral history interviews is governed by agreements with the narrators. All interviews in this collection are open for research without restriction. \nResearchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Special Collections staff at \u003ca href=\"mailto:library-special@jmu.edu\"\u003elibrary-special@jmu.edu\u003c/a\u003e before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResearchers may request these materials via a digitization request to receive electronic delivery of access copies. Contact \u003ca href=\"mailto:library-special@jmu.edu\"\u003elibrary-special@jmu.edu\u003c/a\u003e with questions about requesting digital access copies.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAccess to original or duplicating copies of physical media is restricted. Researchers must consult digital access copies; if none exist researchers may request that digital access copies be made. Contact \u003ca href=\"mailto:library-special@jmu.edu\"\u003elibrary-special@jmu.edu\u003c/a\u003e to request digitization.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAccess to original or duplicating copies of physical media is restricted. Researchers must consult digital access copies; if none exist researchers may request that digital access copies be made. Contact \u003ca href=\"mailto:library-special@jmu.edu\"\u003elibrary-special@jmu.edu\u003c/a\u003e to request digitization.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAccess to original or duplicating copies of physical media is restricted. Researchers must consult digital access copies; if none exist researchers may request that digital access copies be made. Contact \u003ca href=\"mailto:library-special@jmu.edu\"\u003elibrary-special@jmu.edu\u003c/a\u003e to request digitization.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAccess to original or duplicating copies of physical media is restricted. Researchers must consult digital access copies; if none exist researchers may request that digital access copies be made. Contact \u003ca href=\"mailto:library-special@jmu.edu\"\u003elibrary-special@jmu.edu\u003c/a\u003e to request digitization.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInterview is open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Special Collections staff at library-special@jmu.edu before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInterview is open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Special Collections staff at library-special@jmu.edu before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Access Restrictions","Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Access to oral history interviews is governed by agreements with the narrators. All interviews in this collection are open for research without restriction. \nResearchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Special Collections staff at  library-special@jmu.edu  before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","Researchers may request these materials via a digitization request to receive electronic delivery of access copies. Contact  library-special@jmu.edu  with questions about requesting digital access copies.","Access to original or duplicating copies of physical media is restricted. Researchers must consult digital access copies; if none exist researchers may request that digital access copies be made. Contact  library-special@jmu.edu  to request digitization.","Access to original or duplicating copies of physical media is restricted. Researchers must consult digital access copies; if none exist researchers may request that digital access copies be made. Contact  library-special@jmu.edu  to request digitization.","Access to original or duplicating copies of physical media is restricted. Researchers must consult digital access copies; if none exist researchers may request that digital access copies be made. Contact  library-special@jmu.edu  to request digitization.","Access to original or duplicating copies of physical media is restricted. Researchers must consult digital access copies; if none exist researchers may request that digital access copies be made. Contact  library-special@jmu.edu  to request digitization.","Interview is open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Special Collections staff at library-special@jmu.edu before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","Interview is open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Special Collections staff at library-special@jmu.edu before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA bound volume that comprises copies of the transcripts of each interview in this collection as well as a copy of the project background paper and any related materials is cataloged as a monograph and is available as part of the Libraries' circulating collection under the title, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eDrugs in the Valley : fifty years of Merck and Co., Inc., 1941-1991. Part of an oral history project\u003c/emph\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Existence and Location of Copies"],"altformavail_tesim":["A bound volume that comprises copies of the transcripts of each interview in this collection as well as a copy of the project background paper and any related materials is cataloged as a monograph and is available as part of the Libraries' circulating collection under the title,  Drugs in the Valley : fifty years of Merck and Co., Inc., 1941-1991. Part of an oral history project ."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOral history interviews that make up this collection were conducted in July 1990 by JMU undergraduate student Laura Oakes, as part of an oral history summer internship in Special Collections. The background paper and the three interviews in this collection formed the basis for the bachelor honors thesis titled \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eDrugs in the Valley: the history of the Stonewall Plant of Merck and Company, Inc., 1941-1991\u003c/emph\u003e, as well as the monograph titled \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eStonewall: the realization of a vision, 1941-1991\u003c/emph\u003e, both published in 1991 and authored by Oakes. Copies of both of these related titles form part of Special Collections' rare book holdings.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Oral history interviews that make up this collection were conducted in July 1990 by JMU undergraduate student Laura Oakes, as part of an oral history summer internship in Special Collections. The background paper and the three interviews in this collection formed the basis for the bachelor honors thesis titled  Drugs in the Valley: the history of the Stonewall Plant of Merck and Company, Inc., 1941-1991 , as well as the monograph titled  Stonewall: the realization of a vision, 1941-1991 , both published in 1991 and authored by Oakes. Copies of both of these related titles form part of Special Collections' rare book holdings."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item/interview], [date of item/interview], Drugs in the valley: fifty years of Merck and Co. oral history collection, SdArch 0003, Special Collections, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item/interview], [date of item/interview], Drugs in the valley: fifty years of Merck and Co. oral history collection, SdArch 0003, Special Collections, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn 2008, Libraries' staff in the media resources department reformatted the contents of the original audio cassettes in this collection, using a Tascam CC-222MKII CD recorder / cassette combination deck to transfer digitized m4a and mp3 files onto MAM-A Gold Archival 700MB CD-Rs to serve as both access copies and preservation storage.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 2018, the digital archivist in Special Collections completed a large-scale project to transfer reformatted born-digital files stored on gold CDs off of the physical media and into access and preservation storage environments on Libraries servers. As part of this project, the digital archivist also combined audio files when appropriate for interviews that were originally recorded across multiple pieces of physical media or on different sides of a single piece of media, and applied a new file naming convention constructed from the oral history collection identifer and a component unique identifer used to differentiate among interviews at the file level in the archival description. The archivist saved these newly combined interview files in .wav file format for preservation storage, and also created derivative access file copies in .mp3 file format.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 2025, as part of an oral history redescription project, archivists corrected errors in file names for audio files in this collection to align with existing file naming conventions for digitized Special Collections materials, and to ensure that all component unique identifiers used within file names for digital surrogates matched the identifiers employed in the corresponding archival description.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["In 2008, Libraries' staff in the media resources department reformatted the contents of the original audio cassettes in this collection, using a Tascam CC-222MKII CD recorder / cassette combination deck to transfer digitized m4a and mp3 files onto MAM-A Gold Archival 700MB CD-Rs to serve as both access copies and preservation storage.","In 2018, the digital archivist in Special Collections completed a large-scale project to transfer reformatted born-digital files stored on gold CDs off of the physical media and into access and preservation storage environments on Libraries servers. As part of this project, the digital archivist also combined audio files when appropriate for interviews that were originally recorded across multiple pieces of physical media or on different sides of a single piece of media, and applied a new file naming convention constructed from the oral history collection identifer and a component unique identifer used to differentiate among interviews at the file level in the archival description. The archivist saved these newly combined interview files in .wav file format for preservation storage, and also created derivative access file copies in .mp3 file format.","In 2025, as part of an oral history redescription project, archivists corrected errors in file names for audio files in this collection to align with existing file naming conventions for digitized Special Collections materials, and to ensure that all component unique identifiers used within file names for digital surrogates matched the identifiers employed in the corresponding archival description."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is comprised of a background paper and three audio recordings with corresponding transcripts of oral history interviews conducted in July 1990 with individuals who had worked at the Merck and Co., Inc. pharmaceutical manufacturing plant located in Elkton, Virginia known as the Stonewall Plant.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe background paper provides contextual information around the genesis of the oral history project and outlines the project purpose as intending to record the experiences of plant employees to understand the impact of Elkton, Virginia plant operations on individuals and communities in the Shenandoah Valley and beyond. The background paper includes a brief chronological history of the growth and development of the pharmaceutical corporation, Merck and Co., Inc. with focus on the history of the Stonewall Plant.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eInterviews in this collection record the recollections of three individuals who worked at the Stonewall plant in different capacities, and who were selected for participation in the project to reflect a variety of viewpoints. A summary of each interview is included in a scope and contents note for each individual interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis background paper records a brief chronological history of the growth and development of the pharmaceutical corporation, Merck and Co., Inc. and in particular, one of its manufacturing plants, the Stonewall Plant at Elkton, Virginia in the Shenandoah Valley. The paper traces the history of the Merck family and its association with pharmaceutical businesses beginning in 17th century Germany to expansion in the U.S. in 1891 where it became an independent entity in 1908. Mentions various family names, including George W. Merck; refers to plant sites including Rahway, New Jersey and specifically the Stonewall Plant at Elkton. Gives background information on the selection of the Virginia site, its 1941 founding and growth, along with mention of the 1977 plant built by Merck, Sharp and Dohme. Explains the purpose of the oral history series in recording the reminiscences of Stonewall plant employees to determine the impact of the plant on the area and the company as a whole, and also the events, etc. in the local community, company and world upon the plant, its employees, and local area. Three employees were chosen to reflect varying viewpoints. They were: G. Elliot Reeke, 39-yr. retired employee (maintenance engineer manager), present from the plant's founding; Olin N. Leake, 38-yr. retired hourly employee (chemical operator), present during the plant's middle and growth years; and Barry Ream, 20-year current employee (administrative manufacturing area head).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview records the recollections of Mr. George Elliot Reeke who was a maintenance engineer from 1941-1980 at the Stonewall Plant at Elkton, VA., a manufacturing plant of the pharmaceutical corporation, Merck \u0026amp; Co. Reeke describes various aspects of work; the impact of the plant on the community and company, and events and changes which impacted on the plant, its employees and local area. Expresses viewpoints from the perspective of an employee who was present at the founding of the plant through its building years. Mentions the building of the plant and its physical layout; descriptions of jobs and key personnel; employment practices (wages, benefits, status of minorities and women); administrative research and production activities (ex. riboflavin process, thiamin, streptomycin, penicillin, atabrin, various vitamins); employer-employee relations; outside activities (clubs, etc.); communication within the plant, safety/quality control measures and health care; transportation of raw materials; company housing; community relations and economic impact; environmental impact (fish kill in the Shenandoah River); and the impact of WWII on the plant, employees and community. Recorded at the home of Mr. George Elliot Reeke of Harrisonburg, VA. on July 3, 1990.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes digitized access copies of interview recording and interview transcript.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview records the recollections of Mr. Olin Norman Leake who was a chemical operator from 1948-1986 at the Stonewall Plant at Elkton, Va., a manufacturing plant of the pharmaceutical corporation, Merck \u0026amp; Co. He describes various aspects of work; the impact of the plant on the community and company, and events and changes which impacted on the plant, its employees, and local area. Expresses viewpoints from the perspective of an employee who was present during the middle years of the plant's history (to date). Describes training procedures and the production process for drugs such as streptomycin; (also mentions vitamin B-1, B-12, and chicken feed drugs such as nicarbazine and sulfaquinoxaline). Refers to packaging and sterilization of drugs and process of batch operations. Mentions communication within the plant; safety/accident quality control measures and health care; company housing; community relations and outside activities. Recalls employer-employee relations and employment practices (wages, benefits status of minorities and women); shift work; and the strike of 1984. Talks about impact of WWII on plant, employees and area (blackouts, draft). Mentions competition from international production (ex. Egypt plant), and impact of machinery taking place of workers. Recorded at the home of Mr. Olin Norman Leake of Harrisonburg, Va. on July 12, 1990.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview records the viewpoints of Mr. Barry Jay Ream, employed since 1970 and now a manufacturing area head at the Stonewall Plant at Elkton, Va., a manufacturing plant of the pharmaceutical corporation, Merck \u0026amp; Co. He describes various aspects of work; the impact of the plant on the community and company, and events and changes which impacted on the plant, its employees, and local area. Expresses viewpoints from the perspective of an employee who is currently employed and who has knowledge of the plant's present status and insight into its possible future. Discusses various personnel related issues including changes in employer-employee relations, employment practices (wages, benefits, women), labor relations and the strike of 1984, and descriptions of job responsibilities and key positions. Refers to two fairly new divisions of the company (MPMD and MCMD). Mentions the fermentation (microbiological) process and production of vitamin B-12, Mevacor, Primaxin and Carbidoba. Also mentions several accidents and the use of benzene, now known as a carcinogen. Discusses various technological changes; those made by Roy Vagelos; importance of environmental issues; and the growth of generic drugs. Talks about changing management practices resulting in competition between plants with possible plant closing (Cherokee Plant), decentralization versus centralization, and importance of research and international divisions (ex. England and Puerto Rico plants). Mentions relations with the area, in particular, Elkton; also flood of 1985. Recorded at the home of Barry Jay Ream of Elkton, Va. on July 18, 1990.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection is comprised of a background paper and three audio recordings with corresponding transcripts of oral history interviews conducted in July 1990 with individuals who had worked at the Merck and Co., Inc. pharmaceutical manufacturing plant located in Elkton, Virginia known as the Stonewall Plant.","The background paper provides contextual information around the genesis of the oral history project and outlines the project purpose as intending to record the experiences of plant employees to understand the impact of Elkton, Virginia plant operations on individuals and communities in the Shenandoah Valley and beyond. The background paper includes a brief chronological history of the growth and development of the pharmaceutical corporation, Merck and Co., Inc. with focus on the history of the Stonewall Plant.","Interviews in this collection record the recollections of three individuals who worked at the Stonewall plant in different capacities, and who were selected for participation in the project to reflect a variety of viewpoints. A summary of each interview is included in a scope and contents note for each individual interview.","This background paper records a brief chronological history of the growth and development of the pharmaceutical corporation, Merck and Co., Inc. and in particular, one of its manufacturing plants, the Stonewall Plant at Elkton, Virginia in the Shenandoah Valley. The paper traces the history of the Merck family and its association with pharmaceutical businesses beginning in 17th century Germany to expansion in the U.S. in 1891 where it became an independent entity in 1908. Mentions various family names, including George W. Merck; refers to plant sites including Rahway, New Jersey and specifically the Stonewall Plant at Elkton. Gives background information on the selection of the Virginia site, its 1941 founding and growth, along with mention of the 1977 plant built by Merck, Sharp and Dohme. Explains the purpose of the oral history series in recording the reminiscences of Stonewall plant employees to determine the impact of the plant on the area and the company as a whole, and also the events, etc. in the local community, company and world upon the plant, its employees, and local area. Three employees were chosen to reflect varying viewpoints. They were: G. Elliot Reeke, 39-yr. retired employee (maintenance engineer manager), present from the plant's founding; Olin N. Leake, 38-yr. retired hourly employee (chemical operator), present during the plant's middle and growth years; and Barry Ream, 20-year current employee (administrative manufacturing area head).","This interview records the recollections of Mr. George Elliot Reeke who was a maintenance engineer from 1941-1980 at the Stonewall Plant at Elkton, VA., a manufacturing plant of the pharmaceutical corporation, Merck \u0026 Co. Reeke describes various aspects of work; the impact of the plant on the community and company, and events and changes which impacted on the plant, its employees and local area. Expresses viewpoints from the perspective of an employee who was present at the founding of the plant through its building years. Mentions the building of the plant and its physical layout; descriptions of jobs and key personnel; employment practices (wages, benefits, status of minorities and women); administrative research and production activities (ex. riboflavin process, thiamin, streptomycin, penicillin, atabrin, various vitamins); employer-employee relations; outside activities (clubs, etc.); communication within the plant, safety/quality control measures and health care; transportation of raw materials; company housing; community relations and economic impact; environmental impact (fish kill in the Shenandoah River); and the impact of WWII on the plant, employees and community. Recorded at the home of Mr. George Elliot Reeke of Harrisonburg, VA. on July 3, 1990.","Includes digitized access copies of interview recording and interview transcript.","This interview records the recollections of Mr. Olin Norman Leake who was a chemical operator from 1948-1986 at the Stonewall Plant at Elkton, Va., a manufacturing plant of the pharmaceutical corporation, Merck \u0026 Co. He describes various aspects of work; the impact of the plant on the community and company, and events and changes which impacted on the plant, its employees, and local area. Expresses viewpoints from the perspective of an employee who was present during the middle years of the plant's history (to date). Describes training procedures and the production process for drugs such as streptomycin; (also mentions vitamin B-1, B-12, and chicken feed drugs such as nicarbazine and sulfaquinoxaline). Refers to packaging and sterilization of drugs and process of batch operations. Mentions communication within the plant; safety/accident quality control measures and health care; company housing; community relations and outside activities. Recalls employer-employee relations and employment practices (wages, benefits status of minorities and women); shift work; and the strike of 1984. Talks about impact of WWII on plant, employees and area (blackouts, draft). Mentions competition from international production (ex. Egypt plant), and impact of machinery taking place of workers. Recorded at the home of Mr. Olin Norman Leake of Harrisonburg, Va. on July 12, 1990.","This interview records the viewpoints of Mr. Barry Jay Ream, employed since 1970 and now a manufacturing area head at the Stonewall Plant at Elkton, Va., a manufacturing plant of the pharmaceutical corporation, Merck \u0026 Co. He describes various aspects of work; the impact of the plant on the community and company, and events and changes which impacted on the plant, its employees, and local area. Expresses viewpoints from the perspective of an employee who is currently employed and who has knowledge of the plant's present status and insight into its possible future. Discusses various personnel related issues including changes in employer-employee relations, employment practices (wages, benefits, women), labor relations and the strike of 1984, and descriptions of job responsibilities and key positions. Refers to two fairly new divisions of the company (MPMD and MCMD). Mentions the fermentation (microbiological) process and production of vitamin B-12, Mevacor, Primaxin and Carbidoba. Also mentions several accidents and the use of benzene, now known as a carcinogen. Discusses various technological changes; those made by Roy Vagelos; importance of environmental issues; and the growth of generic drugs. Talks about changing management practices resulting in competition between plants with possible plant closing (Cherokee Plant), decentralization versus centralization, and importance of research and international divisions (ex. England and Puerto Rico plants). Mentions relations with the area, in particular, Elkton; also flood of 1985. Recorded at the home of Barry Jay Ream of Elkton, Va. on July 18, 1990."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCopyright interests for the interviews in this collection have been transferred to James Madison University Special Collections. Copyright status for other collection materials is unknown. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for determining copyright status and obtaining permissions for use rests solely with the user.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProvision of copies of materials in this collection in does not imply permission to utilize materials in excess of fair use. The researcher is solely responsible for determining the copyright status of materials and, if necessary, obtaining permission to use material from the copyright holder.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests for this interview have been transferred to James Madison University Special Collections. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for determining copyright status and obtaining permissions for use rests solely with the user. Please contact Special Collections staff at library-special@jmu.edu for additional information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests for this interview have been transferred to James Madison University Special Collections. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for determining copyright status and obtaining permissions for use rests solely with the user. Please contact Special Collections staff at library-special@jmu.edu for additional information.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use","Conditions Governing Use","Use Restrictions","Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Copyright interests for the interviews in this collection have been transferred to James Madison University Special Collections. Copyright status for other collection materials is unknown. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for determining copyright status and obtaining permissions for use rests solely with the user.","Provision of copies of materials in this collection in does not imply permission to utilize materials in excess of fair use. The researcher is solely responsible for determining the copyright status of materials and, if necessary, obtaining permission to use material from the copyright holder.","The copyright interests for this interview have been transferred to James Madison University Special Collections. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for determining copyright status and obtaining permissions for use rests solely with the user. Please contact Special Collections staff at library-special@jmu.edu for additional information.","The copyright interests for this interview have been transferred to James Madison University Special Collections. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for determining copyright status and obtaining permissions for use rests solely with the user. Please contact Special Collections staff at library-special@jmu.edu for additional information."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_89725098e80501a234003dc98e2ab1c8\"\u003eCollection is an oral history project comprised of a background paper and three audio recordings with corresponding transcripts of interviews conducted in July 1990 by Laura Oakes with former and current employees of the Merck and Co., Inc. pharmaceutical manufacturing plant located in Elkton, Virginia, known as the Stonewall Plant.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Collection is an oral history project comprised of a background paper and three audio recordings with corresponding transcripts of interviews conducted in July 1990 by Laura Oakes with former and current employees of the Merck and Co., Inc. pharmaceutical manufacturing plant located in Elkton, Virginia, known as the Stonewall Plant."],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Oakes, Laura","Reeke, George Elliott, 1917-2001"],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections"],"names_coll_ssim":["Oakes, Laura"],"persname_ssim":["Oakes, Laura","Reeke, George Elliott, 1917-2001"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":12,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:20:27.499Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_591_c02"}},{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_596_c02","type":"Interview","attributes":{"title":"Jacob Kagey interviewed by Dominic Pisciotta","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_596_c02#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThese interviews record the recollections of Mr. Jacob Kagey, retired cabinetmaker and naturalist/flora expert, one of two individuals interviewed for an oral history project, the purpose of which was to \"make an historical record of the diverse biology of the George Washington National Forest and the efforts to preserve . . . [its] forest and wilderness areas.\" Records Mr. Kagey's interests and vast knowledge of George Washington National Forest flora including information, some previously undocumented, on native, prolific and rare plants: Mentions early interest in trees and flowers, hiking partners and the Appalachian Trail Club. Describes in detail various flora and their locations in the area, primarily in Rockingham and Augusta Counties. Specifically mentions various species of orchids, ferns, lady slippers, trillium, shale barren plants, star flowers and oak trees. Talks about approach to finding plants, contacts with other local experts/botanists and discoveries which have been recorded in \"The atlas of the Virginia flora.\" Mentions invasive plants and other environmental factors impacting flora. Recorded at the home of Mr. Jacob Kagey of Bridgewater, Va. on Sept. 16 and Sept. 22, 1994.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_596_c02#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_596_c02","ref_ssm":["vihart_repositories_4_resources_596_c02"],"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_596_c02","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_596","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_596","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_596","parent_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_596","parent_ssim":["vihart_repositories_4_resources_596"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vihart_repositories_4_resources_596"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["George Washington National Forest oral histories"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["George Washington National Forest oral histories"],"text":["George Washington National Forest oral histories","Jacob Kagey interviewed by Dominic Pisciotta","Kagey, Jacob Daniel, 1922-2010","Pisciotta, Dominic","Oral history is open for research.","These interviews record the recollections of Mr. Jacob Kagey, retired cabinetmaker and naturalist/flora expert, one of two individuals interviewed for an oral history project, the purpose of which was to \"make an historical record of the diverse biology of the George Washington National Forest and the efforts to preserve . . . [its] forest and wilderness areas.\"  Records Mr. Kagey's interests and vast knowledge of George Washington National Forest flora including information, some previously undocumented, on native, prolific and rare plants: Mentions early interest in trees and flowers, hiking partners and the Appalachian Trail Club. Describes in detail various flora and their locations in the area, primarily in Rockingham and Augusta Counties. Specifically mentions various species of orchids, ferns, lady slippers, trillium, shale barren plants, star flowers and oak trees. Talks about approach to finding plants, contacts with other local experts/botanists and discoveries which have been recorded in \"The atlas of the Virginia flora.\" Mentions invasive plants and other environmental factors impacting flora. Recorded at the home of Mr. Jacob Kagey of Bridgewater, Va. on Sept. 16 and Sept. 22, 1994.","The copyright interests have been transferred to Carrier Library."],"title_filing_ssi":"Jacob Kagey interviewed by Dominic Pisciotta","title_ssm":["Jacob Kagey interviewed by Dominic Pisciotta"],"title_tesim":["Jacob Kagey interviewed by Dominic Pisciotta"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1994 September 16","1994 September 22"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1994, 1994"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Jacob Kagey interviewed by Dominic Pisciotta"],"component_level_isim":[1],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"collection_ssim":["George Washington National Forest oral histories"],"extent_ssm":["2 interviews"],"extent_tesim":["2 interviews"],"creator_ssim":["Kagey, Jacob Daniel, 1922-2010","Pisciotta, Dominic"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":3,"level_ssm":["Interview"],"level_ssim":["Interview"],"sort_isi":2,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Access to the Oral Histories is governed by agreements with the narrators. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The copyright interests have been transferred to Carrier Library."],"date_range_isim":[1994],"names_ssim":["Kagey, Jacob Daniel, 1922-2010","Pisciotta, Dominic"],"persname_ssim":["Kagey, Jacob Daniel, 1922-2010","Pisciotta, Dominic"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOral history is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Oral history is open for research."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThese interviews record the recollections of Mr. Jacob Kagey, retired cabinetmaker and naturalist/flora expert, one of two individuals interviewed for an oral history project, the purpose of which was to \"make an historical record of the diverse biology of the George Washington National Forest and the efforts to preserve . . . [its] forest and wilderness areas.\"  Records Mr. Kagey's interests and vast knowledge of George Washington National Forest flora including information, some previously undocumented, on native, prolific and rare plants: Mentions early interest in trees and flowers, hiking partners and the Appalachian Trail Club. Describes in detail various flora and their locations in the area, primarily in Rockingham and Augusta Counties. Specifically mentions various species of orchids, ferns, lady slippers, trillium, shale barren plants, star flowers and oak trees. Talks about approach to finding plants, contacts with other local experts/botanists and discoveries which have been recorded in \"The atlas of the Virginia flora.\" Mentions invasive plants and other environmental factors impacting flora. Recorded at the home of Mr. Jacob Kagey of Bridgewater, Va. on Sept. 16 and Sept. 22, 1994.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["These interviews record the recollections of Mr. Jacob Kagey, retired cabinetmaker and naturalist/flora expert, one of two individuals interviewed for an oral history project, the purpose of which was to \"make an historical record of the diverse biology of the George Washington National Forest and the efforts to preserve . . . [its] forest and wilderness areas.\"  Records Mr. Kagey's interests and vast knowledge of George Washington National Forest flora including information, some previously undocumented, on native, prolific and rare plants: Mentions early interest in trees and flowers, hiking partners and the Appalachian Trail Club. Describes in detail various flora and their locations in the area, primarily in Rockingham and Augusta Counties. Specifically mentions various species of orchids, ferns, lady slippers, trillium, shale barren plants, star flowers and oak trees. Talks about approach to finding plants, contacts with other local experts/botanists and discoveries which have been recorded in \"The atlas of the Virginia flora.\" Mentions invasive plants and other environmental factors impacting flora. Recorded at the home of Mr. Jacob Kagey of Bridgewater, Va. on Sept. 16 and Sept. 22, 1994."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests have been transferred to Carrier Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests have been transferred to Carrier Library."],"_nest_path_":"/components#1","timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:25:29.210Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_596","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_596","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_596","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_596","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_596.xml","title_ssm":["George Washington National Forest oral histories"],"title_tesim":["George Washington National Forest oral histories"],"unitdate_ssm":["1994"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1994"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SdArch 0006","/repositories/4/resources/596"],"text":["SdArch 0006","/repositories/4/resources/596","George Washington National Forest oral histories","Forest reserves -- George Washington National Forest (Va. and W. Va.)","Forest management -- George Washington National Forest (Va. and W. Va.)","Wildlife management -- George Washington National Forest (Va. and W. Va.)","Botany -- George Washington National Forest (Va. and W. Va.)","Zoology -- George Washington National Forest (Va. and W. Va.)","Biodiversity conservation","Wildlife conservationists -- Virginia","National parks and reserves -- Virginia","Trees -- Diseases and pests","Access to the Oral Histories is governed by agreements with the narrators. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","Oral history is open for research.","Oral history is open for research.","Original AV is unavailable pending reformatting.","Dominic Pisciotta was a senior at James Madison University, conducted these interviews in fulfillment of a JMU student internship, during the fall of 1994. The project was funded in part by the U.S. Forest Service.","The original accession included six video cassettes of interview with Ernest Dickerman, 2 audiocassette tapes for transction, 2 regular cassette interview tapes, and three audiocassettes. The videocassettes were not found at the time of inventory in 2019. There are two additional preservation cds of SdArch 6-2d that were noted as blank and corrupted, and not included in this finding aid.","George Washington National Forest Oral Histories, 1994, is comprised of audio recordings and transcripts documenting interviews conducted by a JMU student intern with Jacob Kagey and Earnest Dickerman, employees of George Washington National Forest National Park, on the topics of botanical and wilderness history.","Background research paper describing the purpose of the oral history project on \"the diverse biology of the George Washington National Forest and the efforts to preserve . . . [its] forest and wilderness areas.\" Also includes historical perspective on \"The American wilderness movement\" and \"A biological synopsis of the George Washington National Forest.\"","These interviews record the recollections of Mr. Jacob Kagey, retired cabinetmaker and naturalist/flora expert, one of two individuals interviewed for an oral history project, the purpose of which was to \"make an historical record of the diverse biology of the George Washington National Forest and the efforts to preserve . . . [its] forest and wilderness areas.\"  Records Mr. Kagey's interests and vast knowledge of George Washington National Forest flora including information, some previously undocumented, on native, prolific and rare plants: Mentions early interest in trees and flowers, hiking partners and the Appalachian Trail Club. Describes in detail various flora and their locations in the area, primarily in Rockingham and Augusta Counties. Specifically mentions various species of orchids, ferns, lady slippers, trillium, shale barren plants, star flowers and oak trees. Talks about approach to finding plants, contacts with other local experts/botanists and discoveries which have been recorded in \"The atlas of the Virginia flora.\" Mentions invasive plants and other environmental factors impacting flora. Recorded at the home of Mr. Jacob Kagey of Bridgewater, Va. on Sept. 16 and Sept. 22, 1994.","These interviews record the recollections of Mr. Ernest M. Dickerman, retired wildlife conservationist and lobbyist for the Wilderness Society. One of two individuals interviewed for an oral history project, the purpose of which was to \"make an historical record of the diverse biology of the George Washington National Forest and the efforts to preserve . . . [its] forest and wilderness areas.\" Records Mr. Dickerman's interests and knowledge of the American wilderness movement and efforts to secure wilderness areas throughout the Eastern United States. Includes information about the founding of the Wilderness Society, details concerning the Wilderness Act of 1964 and the National Wilderness Preservation System, along with many facts surrounding Eastern wilderness areas. Provides insight into his job while a lobbyist in Congress; travels to inform and gain support; testifying at hearings; and relations with various land management agencies. Relates early histories and conflicts with timber and mining industries; the Sierra Club; and the U.S. Forest Service.","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests have been transferred to Carrier Library.","Copyright interests have been transferred to Carrier Library.","The George Washington National Forest Oral History Collection, 1994, is comprised of audio recordings and transcripts documenting interviews conducted by a JMU student intern with Jacob Kagey and Earnest Dickerman, employees of George Washington National Forest National Park, on the topics of botanical and wilderness history.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Sierra Club","Wilderness Society (U.S.)","United States (Title of work: Wilderness Act.)","Pisciotta, Dominic","Kagey, Jacob Daniel, 1922-2010","Dickerman, Ernest M. (Ernest Miller), 1910-1998","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SdArch 0006","/repositories/4/resources/596"],"normalized_title_ssm":["George Washington National Forest oral histories"],"collection_title_tesim":["George Washington National Forest oral histories"],"collection_ssim":["George Washington National Forest oral histories"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"creator_ssm":["Pisciotta, Dominic"],"creator_ssim":["Pisciotta, Dominic"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Pisciotta, Dominic"],"creators_ssim":["Pisciotta, Dominic"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donated by Dominic Pisciotta, March 7, 1995."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Forest reserves -- George Washington National Forest (Va. and W. Va.)","Forest management -- George Washington National Forest (Va. and W. Va.)","Wildlife management -- George Washington National Forest (Va. and W. Va.)","Botany -- George Washington National Forest (Va. and W. Va.)","Zoology -- George Washington National Forest (Va. and W. Va.)","Biodiversity conservation","Wildlife conservationists -- Virginia","National parks and reserves -- Virginia","Trees -- Diseases and pests"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Forest reserves -- George Washington National Forest (Va. and W. Va.)","Forest management -- George Washington National Forest (Va. and W. Va.)","Wildlife management -- George Washington National Forest (Va. and W. Va.)","Botany -- George Washington National Forest (Va. and W. Va.)","Zoology -- George Washington National Forest (Va. and W. Va.)","Biodiversity conservation","Wildlife conservationists -- Virginia","National parks and reserves -- Virginia","Trees -- Diseases and pests"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.2 cubic feet 3 folders, 6 audiocassettes, 8 cds"],"extent_tesim":["0.2 cubic feet 3 folders, 6 audiocassettes, 8 cds"],"date_range_isim":[1994],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAccess to the Oral Histories is governed by agreements with the narrators. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. 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Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","Oral history is open for research.","Oral history is open for research.","Original AV is unavailable pending reformatting."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDominic Pisciotta was a senior at James Madison University, conducted these interviews in fulfillment of a JMU student internship, during the fall of 1994. The project was funded in part by the U.S. Forest Service.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Bio/Historical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Dominic Pisciotta was a senior at James Madison University, conducted these interviews in fulfillment of a JMU student internship, during the fall of 1994. The project was funded in part by the U.S. Forest Service."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box #, folder #], George Washington National Forest Oral Histories, 1994, SdArch 0006, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box #, folder #], George Washington National Forest Oral Histories, 1994, SdArch 0006, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe original accession included six video cassettes of interview with Ernest Dickerman, 2 audiocassette tapes for transction, 2 regular cassette interview tapes, and three audiocassettes. The videocassettes were not found at the time of inventory in 2019. There are two additional preservation cds of SdArch 6-2d that were noted as blank and corrupted, and not included in this finding aid.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The original accession included six video cassettes of interview with Ernest Dickerman, 2 audiocassette tapes for transction, 2 regular cassette interview tapes, and three audiocassettes. The videocassettes were not found at the time of inventory in 2019. There are two additional preservation cds of SdArch 6-2d that were noted as blank and corrupted, and not included in this finding aid."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGeorge Washington National Forest Oral Histories, 1994, is comprised of audio recordings and transcripts documenting interviews conducted by a JMU student intern with Jacob Kagey and Earnest Dickerman, employees of George Washington National Forest National Park, on the topics of botanical and wilderness history.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBackground research paper describing the purpose of the oral history project on \"the diverse biology of the George Washington National Forest and the efforts to preserve . . . [its] forest and wilderness areas.\" Also includes historical perspective on \"The American wilderness movement\" and \"A biological synopsis of the George Washington National Forest.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThese interviews record the recollections of Mr. Jacob Kagey, retired cabinetmaker and naturalist/flora expert, one of two individuals interviewed for an oral history project, the purpose of which was to \"make an historical record of the diverse biology of the George Washington National Forest and the efforts to preserve . . . [its] forest and wilderness areas.\"  Records Mr. Kagey's interests and vast knowledge of George Washington National Forest flora including information, some previously undocumented, on native, prolific and rare plants: Mentions early interest in trees and flowers, hiking partners and the Appalachian Trail Club. Describes in detail various flora and their locations in the area, primarily in Rockingham and Augusta Counties. Specifically mentions various species of orchids, ferns, lady slippers, trillium, shale barren plants, star flowers and oak trees. Talks about approach to finding plants, contacts with other local experts/botanists and discoveries which have been recorded in \"The atlas of the Virginia flora.\" Mentions invasive plants and other environmental factors impacting flora. Recorded at the home of Mr. Jacob Kagey of Bridgewater, Va. on Sept. 16 and Sept. 22, 1994.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThese interviews record the recollections of Mr. Ernest M. Dickerman, retired wildlife conservationist and lobbyist for the Wilderness Society. One of two individuals interviewed for an oral history project, the purpose of which was to \"make an historical record of the diverse biology of the George Washington National Forest and the efforts to preserve . . . [its] forest and wilderness areas.\" Records Mr. Dickerman's interests and knowledge of the American wilderness movement and efforts to secure wilderness areas throughout the Eastern United States. Includes information about the founding of the Wilderness Society, details concerning the Wilderness Act of 1964 and the National Wilderness Preservation System, along with many facts surrounding Eastern wilderness areas. Provides insight into his job while a lobbyist in Congress; travels to inform and gain support; testifying at hearings; and relations with various land management agencies. Relates early histories and conflicts with timber and mining industries; the Sierra Club; and the U.S. Forest Service.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["George Washington National Forest Oral Histories, 1994, is comprised of audio recordings and transcripts documenting interviews conducted by a JMU student intern with Jacob Kagey and Earnest Dickerman, employees of George Washington National Forest National Park, on the topics of botanical and wilderness history.","Background research paper describing the purpose of the oral history project on \"the diverse biology of the George Washington National Forest and the efforts to preserve . . . [its] forest and wilderness areas.\" Also includes historical perspective on \"The American wilderness movement\" and \"A biological synopsis of the George Washington National Forest.\"","These interviews record the recollections of Mr. Jacob Kagey, retired cabinetmaker and naturalist/flora expert, one of two individuals interviewed for an oral history project, the purpose of which was to \"make an historical record of the diverse biology of the George Washington National Forest and the efforts to preserve . . . [its] forest and wilderness areas.\"  Records Mr. Kagey's interests and vast knowledge of George Washington National Forest flora including information, some previously undocumented, on native, prolific and rare plants: Mentions early interest in trees and flowers, hiking partners and the Appalachian Trail Club. Describes in detail various flora and their locations in the area, primarily in Rockingham and Augusta Counties. Specifically mentions various species of orchids, ferns, lady slippers, trillium, shale barren plants, star flowers and oak trees. Talks about approach to finding plants, contacts with other local experts/botanists and discoveries which have been recorded in \"The atlas of the Virginia flora.\" Mentions invasive plants and other environmental factors impacting flora. Recorded at the home of Mr. Jacob Kagey of Bridgewater, Va. on Sept. 16 and Sept. 22, 1994.","These interviews record the recollections of Mr. Ernest M. Dickerman, retired wildlife conservationist and lobbyist for the Wilderness Society. One of two individuals interviewed for an oral history project, the purpose of which was to \"make an historical record of the diverse biology of the George Washington National Forest and the efforts to preserve . . . [its] forest and wilderness areas.\" Records Mr. Dickerman's interests and knowledge of the American wilderness movement and efforts to secure wilderness areas throughout the Eastern United States. Includes information about the founding of the Wilderness Society, details concerning the Wilderness Act of 1964 and the National Wilderness Preservation System, along with many facts surrounding Eastern wilderness areas. Provides insight into his job while a lobbyist in Congress; travels to inform and gain support; testifying at hearings; and relations with various land management agencies. Relates early histories and conflicts with timber and mining industries; the Sierra Club; and the U.S. Forest Service."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests have been transferred to Carrier Library.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCopyright interests have been transferred to Carrier Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions","Use Restrictions","Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests have been transferred to Carrier Library.","Copyright interests have been transferred to Carrier Library."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_c9c3b22bc93a0e720a3eaa4531b963d6\"\u003eThe George Washington National Forest Oral History Collection, 1994, is comprised of audio recordings and transcripts documenting interviews conducted by a JMU student intern with Jacob Kagey and Earnest Dickerman, employees of George Washington National Forest National Park, on the topics of botanical and wilderness history.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The George Washington National Forest Oral History Collection, 1994, is comprised of audio recordings and transcripts documenting interviews conducted by a JMU student intern with Jacob Kagey and Earnest Dickerman, employees of George Washington National Forest National Park, on the topics of botanical and wilderness history."],"names_coll_ssim":["Sierra Club","Wilderness Society (U.S.)","United States (Title of work: Wilderness Act.)","Pisciotta, Dominic"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Sierra Club","Wilderness Society (U.S.)","United States (Title of work: Wilderness Act.)","Pisciotta, Dominic","Kagey, Jacob Daniel, 1922-2010","Dickerman, Ernest M. (Ernest Miller), 1910-1998"],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Sierra Club","Wilderness Society (U.S.)","United States (Title of work: Wilderness Act.)"],"persname_ssim":["Pisciotta, Dominic","Kagey, Jacob Daniel, 1922-2010","Dickerman, Ernest M. (Ernest Miller), 1910-1998"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":14,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:25:29.210Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_596_c02"}},{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_592_c04","type":"Interview","attributes":{"title":"Kale Barb interviewed by Mia Barb","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_592_c04#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis interview records the reminiscences of Mr. Barb's days as a bark peeler of black, red and white oak in the Allegheny mountains region of Rockingham County, Va., in particular Little Turley Mt. Describes the process of peeling and transporting bark including detailed information on how draft animals (horses and mules) were used. Mentions social life, etc. in the camps. Worked for Neff Lumber Mills at Skidmore Fork Lumber Camp, etc. Recorded at the home of Mr. Kale Barb of Fairway Hills, Harrisonburg, Va. on March 9, 1991\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_592_c04#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_592_c04","ref_ssm":["vihart_repositories_4_resources_592_c04"],"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_592_c04","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_592","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_592","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_592","parent_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_592","parent_ssim":["vihart_repositories_4_resources_592"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vihart_repositories_4_resources_592"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Tanbark industry in the Shenandoah Valley oral history collection"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Tanbark industry in the Shenandoah Valley oral history collection"],"text":["Tanbark industry in the Shenandoah Valley oral history collection","Kale Barb interviewed by Mia Barb","Barb, Mia","Oral history is open for research.","This interview records the reminiscences of Mr. Barb's days as a bark peeler of black, red and white oak in the Allegheny mountains region of Rockingham County, Va., in particular Little Turley Mt. Describes the process of peeling and transporting bark including detailed information on how draft animals (horses and mules) were used. Mentions social life, etc. in the camps. Worked for Neff Lumber Mills at Skidmore Fork Lumber Camp, etc. Recorded at the home of Mr. Kale Barb of Fairway Hills, Harrisonburg, Va. on March 9, 1991","The copyright interests have been transferred to Carrier Library."],"title_filing_ssi":"Kale Barb interviewed by Mia Barb","title_ssm":["Kale Barb interviewed by Mia Barb"],"title_tesim":["Kale Barb interviewed by Mia Barb"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1991 March 09"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1991"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Kale Barb interviewed by Mia Barb"],"component_level_isim":[1],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"collection_ssim":["Tanbark industry in the Shenandoah Valley oral history collection"],"creator_ssim":["Barb, Mia"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":2,"level_ssm":["Interview"],"level_ssim":["Interview"],"sort_isi":8,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Access to oral history interviews is governed by agreements with the narrators. All interviews in this collection are open for research without restriction. \nResearchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Special Collections staff at library-special@jmu.edu before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The copyright interests have been transferred to Carrier Library."],"date_range_isim":[1991],"names_ssim":["Barb, Mia"],"persname_ssim":["Barb, Mia"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOral history is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Conditions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Oral history is open for research."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis interview records the reminiscences of Mr. Barb's days as a bark peeler of black, red and white oak in the Allegheny mountains region of Rockingham County, Va., in particular Little Turley Mt. Describes the process of peeling and transporting bark including detailed information on how draft animals (horses and mules) were used. Mentions social life, etc. in the camps. Worked for Neff Lumber Mills at Skidmore Fork Lumber Camp, etc. Recorded at the home of Mr. Kale Barb of Fairway Hills, Harrisonburg, Va. on March 9, 1991\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This interview records the reminiscences of Mr. Barb's days as a bark peeler of black, red and white oak in the Allegheny mountains region of Rockingham County, Va., in particular Little Turley Mt. Describes the process of peeling and transporting bark including detailed information on how draft animals (horses and mules) were used. Mentions social life, etc. in the camps. Worked for Neff Lumber Mills at Skidmore Fork Lumber Camp, etc. Recorded at the home of Mr. Kale Barb of Fairway Hills, Harrisonburg, Va. on March 9, 1991"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests have been transferred to Carrier Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests have been transferred to Carrier Library."],"_nest_path_":"/components#3","timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:24:36.195Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_592","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_592","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_592","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_592","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_592.xml","title_ssm":["Tanbark industry in the Shenandoah Valley oral history collection"],"title_tesim":["Tanbark industry in the Shenandoah Valley oral history collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1987","1991"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1987","1991"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SdArch 0004","/repositories/4/resources/592"],"text":["SdArch 0004","/repositories/4/resources/592","Tanbark industry in the Shenandoah Valley oral history collection","Tanning -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Tanning -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.)","Bark peeling -- Environmental aspects","Bark -- Harvesting","Bark peeling -- Economic aspects","Bark -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Leather industry and trade -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Tanneries -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.)","Tanneries -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Industries -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Tanners -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","oral histories (literary works)","Access to oral history interviews is governed by agreements with the narrators. All interviews in this collection are open for research without restriction. \nResearchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Special Collections staff at  library-special@jmu.edu  before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","Oral history is open for research.","A bound volume that comprises copies of the transcripts of each interview in this collection as well as a copy of the project background paper and any related materials is cataloged as a monograph and is available as part of the Libraries' circulating collection under the title,  Tanbark industry : part of an oral history project on the tanbark industry in the Shenandoah Valley .","Two of the oral history interviews in this collection were conducted by by Mia Barb, an undergraduate at JMU, who completed the project as part of an internship in Special Collections during 1991 that was jointly sponsored by Carrier Library Special Collections and the U.S. Forest Service. The interview with D.D. Wilkins recorded in 1987 was conducted jointly by Chris Bolgiano, head of Special Collections and freelance forestry writer, and John Coleman, an employee of the U.S. Forest Service.\nThe 1987 interview was conducted in support of the research interests of Chris Bolgiano, who has published scholarship on forestry and the tanbark industry in Appalachia. That interview was assembled with the other two interviews conducted by Mia Barb in 1991 due to the topical focus on the tanbark industry to form a collection of three interviews.","In 2008, Libraries' staff in the media resources department reformatted the contents of the original audio cassettes in this collection, using a Tascam CC-222MKII CD recorder / cassette combination deck to transfer digitized m4a and mp3 files onto MAM-A Gold Archival 700MB CD-Rs to serve as both access copies and preservation storage.","In 2018, the digital archivist in Special Collections completed a large-scale re-processing project to transfer reformatted born-digital files stored on gold CDs off of the physical media and into access and preservation storage environments on Libraries servers. As part of this project, the digital archivist also combined audio files when appropriate for interviews that were originally recorded across multiple pieces of physical media or on different sides of a single piece of media, and applied a new file naming convention constructed from the oral history collection identifer and a component unique identifer used to differentiate among interviews at the file level in the archival description. The archivist saved these newly combined interview files in .wav file format for preservation storage, and also created derivative access file copies in .mp3 file format.","In 2025, as part of an oral history redescription project, archivists corrected errors in file names for audio files in this collection to align with existing file naming conventions for digitized Special Collections materials, and to ensure that all component unique identifiers used within file names for digital surrogates matched the identifiers employed in the corresponding archival description.","A paper authored by Chris Bolgiano was presented in 1999 at the Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar titled  Tanbark harvesting as an economic and environmental factor in Appalachia , is available as part of the  Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar records, SC 0205 .","This collection is comprised of a background paper and three audio recordings with corresponding transcripts of oral history interviews conducted in 1987 and 1991 with individuals familiar with the history of the tanbark industry in the central Shenandoah Valley. ","The background paper explores topics related the various processes used to produce leather, including references to the peeling, grinding, and extracting of bark to yield the tannin (tannic acid) used to tan animals skins and hides. ","The interviews focus specifically on the mills, extract factories, and tanneries in the Shenandoah Valley, including the Timberville extract factory, and the Ziegler, Elkton, and Houck tanneries of Rockingham County, Virginia.","13-leaf monograph describes the tanning industry in the United States and in particular the Shenandoah Valley. Both general information about the industry and specifics about the tanbark process are included. The various processes used to produce leather are described, including references to the peeling, grinding and extracting of bark to yield the tannin (tannic acid) which was used to tan animals skins and hides. References are made to American tanneries in general; specific information is supplied about bark mills, extract factories and tanneries in the Valley--including the Timberville extract (ooze) factory, and the Ziegler, Elkton and Houck tanneries of Rockingham County, Virginia. Transcription summary and letters are related to an interview with Mrs. Lettie Albrite and niece (Ms. Turner-Ritchie) conducted by Mia Barb, at Camelot Nursing Home, Harrisonburg, Va. on March 29, 1991. Refers to Mrs. Albrite's reminiscences of the bark extracting factory at Timberville, Va.; mentions Gen. John Roller, owner. Full transcription and tape of this interview are unavailable.","This interview records the reminiscences of Mr. Wilkins' (D.D. \"Hun\") days as a bark peeler of chestnut oak and hemlock in the Alleghenny mountains of West Virginia, especially in and around Lost River (also Stump's Run, Moorefield, Lost City and Trout Run). Mentions chestnut blight; blizzard of April 27, 1928. Mentions the Maryland-W. Va. Lumber Co., Natrick Lumber Co. and Williamsport, Md. Tannery. Reminiscences about conditions in the camps","This interview records the reminiscences of Mr. Yankey's days as a bark peeler of chestnut oak and hemlock in the Allegheny mountains in areas around Petersburg, Moorefield, Franklin, Cheat Mt., Cass, and Lost City, W. Va. Describes the process of peeling and transporting the bark. Mentions social life and medical care in camps. Refers to paper mill strike in Davis; work in the Timberville, Va. Peach Cannery. Recorded at the home of Mr. Leecy Yankey of Bergton, Va. on Feb. 26, 1991.","This interview records the reminiscences of Mr. Barb's days as a bark peeler of black, red and white oak in the Allegheny mountains region of Rockingham County, Va., in particular Little Turley Mt. Describes the process of peeling and transporting bark including detailed information on how draft animals (horses and mules) were used. Mentions social life, etc. in the camps. Worked for Neff Lumber Mills at Skidmore Fork Lumber Camp, etc. Recorded at the home of Mr. Kale Barb of Fairway Hills, Harrisonburg, Va. on March 9, 1991","Copyright interests for the interviews in this collection have been transferred to James Madison University Special Collections. \nCopyright status for other collection materials is unknown. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for determining copyright status and obtaining permissions for use rests solely with the user.","Copyright interests for the interviews in this collection have been transferred to James Madison University Special Collections. \nCopyright status for other collection materials is unknown. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for determining copyright status and obtaining permissions for use rests solely with the user.","Provision of copies of materials in this collection in does not imply permission to utilize materials in excess of fair use. The researcher is solely responsible for determining the copyright status of materials and, if necessary, obtaining permission to use material from the copyright holder.","The copyright interests have been transferred to Carrier Library.","This collection is comprised of a background paper on the tanbark industry and three oral history interviews recorded in 1987 and 1991 with individuals familiar with the tanbark industry in the central Shenandoah Valley. The 1987 interview was conducted jointly by Chris Bolgiano and John Coleman, and the subsequent two interviews were conducted in 1991 by Mia Barb as part of an oral history project internship.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Barb, Mia","Bolgiano, Chris","Coleman, John","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SdArch 0004","/repositories/4/resources/592"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Tanbark industry in the Shenandoah Valley oral history collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["Tanbark industry in the Shenandoah Valley oral history collection"],"collection_ssim":["Tanbark industry in the Shenandoah Valley oral history collection"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"creator_ssm":["Barb, Mia","Barb, Mia","Bolgiano, Chris","Bolgiano, Chris"],"creator_ssim":["Barb, Mia","Barb, Mia","Bolgiano, Chris","Bolgiano, Chris"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Barb, Mia","Barb, Mia","Bolgiano, Chris","Bolgiano, Chris"],"creators_ssim":["Barb, Mia","Barb, Mia","Bolgiano, Chris","Bolgiano, Chris"],"access_terms_ssm":["Copyright interests for the interviews in this collection have been transferred to James Madison University Special Collections. \nCopyright status for other collection materials is unknown. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for determining copyright status and obtaining permissions for use rests solely with the user."],"acqinfo_ssim":["1987 interview donated in _____ by Chris Bolgiano.\n1991 interviews and background paper donated in 1991 by Mia Barb."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Tanning -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Tanning -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.)","Bark peeling -- Environmental aspects","Bark -- Harvesting","Bark peeling -- Economic aspects","Bark -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Leather industry and trade -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Tanneries -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.)","Tanneries -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Industries -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Tanners -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","oral histories (literary works)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Tanning -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Tanning -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.)","Bark peeling -- Environmental aspects","Bark -- Harvesting","Bark peeling -- Economic aspects","Bark -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Leather industry and trade -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Tanneries -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.)","Tanneries -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Industries -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Tanners -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","oral histories (literary works)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.25 cubic feet 4 folders; 4 audiocassettes"],"extent_tesim":["0.25 cubic feet 4 folders; 4 audiocassettes"],"genreform_ssim":["oral histories (literary works)"],"date_range_isim":[1987,1991],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAccess to oral history interviews is governed by agreements with the narrators. All interviews in this collection are open for research without restriction. \nResearchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Special Collections staff at \u003ca href=\"mailto:library-special@jmu.edu\"\u003elibrary-special@jmu.edu\u003c/a\u003e before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOral history is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access","Access Conditions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Access to oral history interviews is governed by agreements with the narrators. All interviews in this collection are open for research without restriction. \nResearchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Special Collections staff at  library-special@jmu.edu  before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","Oral history is open for research."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA bound volume that comprises copies of the transcripts of each interview in this collection as well as a copy of the project background paper and any related materials is cataloged as a monograph and is available as part of the Libraries' circulating collection under the title, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eTanbark industry : part of an oral history project on the tanbark industry in the Shenandoah Valley\u003c/emph\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Existence and Location of Copies"],"altformavail_tesim":["A bound volume that comprises copies of the transcripts of each interview in this collection as well as a copy of the project background paper and any related materials is cataloged as a monograph and is available as part of the Libraries' circulating collection under the title,  Tanbark industry : part of an oral history project on the tanbark industry in the Shenandoah Valley ."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eTwo of the oral history interviews in this collection were conducted by by Mia Barb, an undergraduate at JMU, who completed the project as part of an internship in Special Collections during 1991 that was jointly sponsored by Carrier Library Special Collections and the U.S. Forest Service. The interview with D.D. Wilkins recorded in 1987 was conducted jointly by Chris Bolgiano, head of Special Collections and freelance forestry writer, and John Coleman, an employee of the U.S. Forest Service.\nThe 1987 interview was conducted in support of the research interests of Chris Bolgiano, who has published scholarship on forestry and the tanbark industry in Appalachia. That interview was assembled with the other two interviews conducted by Mia Barb in 1991 due to the topical focus on the tanbark industry to form a collection of three interviews.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Two of the oral history interviews in this collection were conducted by by Mia Barb, an undergraduate at JMU, who completed the project as part of an internship in Special Collections during 1991 that was jointly sponsored by Carrier Library Special Collections and the U.S. Forest Service. The interview with D.D. Wilkins recorded in 1987 was conducted jointly by Chris Bolgiano, head of Special Collections and freelance forestry writer, and John Coleman, an employee of the U.S. Forest Service.\nThe 1987 interview was conducted in support of the research interests of Chris Bolgiano, who has published scholarship on forestry and the tanbark industry in Appalachia. That interview was assembled with the other two interviews conducted by Mia Barb in 1991 due to the topical focus on the tanbark industry to form a collection of three interviews."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item/interview], [date of item/interview], Tanbark Industry in the Shenandoah Valley Oral History Collection, SdArch 0004, Special Collections, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item/interview], [date of item/interview], Tanbark Industry in the Shenandoah Valley Oral History Collection, SdArch 0004, Special Collections, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn 2008, Libraries' staff in the media resources department reformatted the contents of the original audio cassettes in this collection, using a Tascam CC-222MKII CD recorder / cassette combination deck to transfer digitized m4a and mp3 files onto MAM-A Gold Archival 700MB CD-Rs to serve as both access copies and preservation storage.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 2018, the digital archivist in Special Collections completed a large-scale re-processing project to transfer reformatted born-digital files stored on gold CDs off of the physical media and into access and preservation storage environments on Libraries servers. As part of this project, the digital archivist also combined audio files when appropriate for interviews that were originally recorded across multiple pieces of physical media or on different sides of a single piece of media, and applied a new file naming convention constructed from the oral history collection identifer and a component unique identifer used to differentiate among interviews at the file level in the archival description. The archivist saved these newly combined interview files in .wav file format for preservation storage, and also created derivative access file copies in .mp3 file format.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 2025, as part of an oral history redescription project, archivists corrected errors in file names for audio files in this collection to align with existing file naming conventions for digitized Special Collections materials, and to ensure that all component unique identifiers used within file names for digital surrogates matched the identifiers employed in the corresponding archival description.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["In 2008, Libraries' staff in the media resources department reformatted the contents of the original audio cassettes in this collection, using a Tascam CC-222MKII CD recorder / cassette combination deck to transfer digitized m4a and mp3 files onto MAM-A Gold Archival 700MB CD-Rs to serve as both access copies and preservation storage.","In 2018, the digital archivist in Special Collections completed a large-scale re-processing project to transfer reformatted born-digital files stored on gold CDs off of the physical media and into access and preservation storage environments on Libraries servers. As part of this project, the digital archivist also combined audio files when appropriate for interviews that were originally recorded across multiple pieces of physical media or on different sides of a single piece of media, and applied a new file naming convention constructed from the oral history collection identifer and a component unique identifer used to differentiate among interviews at the file level in the archival description. The archivist saved these newly combined interview files in .wav file format for preservation storage, and also created derivative access file copies in .mp3 file format.","In 2025, as part of an oral history redescription project, archivists corrected errors in file names for audio files in this collection to align with existing file naming conventions for digitized Special Collections materials, and to ensure that all component unique identifiers used within file names for digital surrogates matched the identifiers employed in the corresponding archival description."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA paper authored by Chris Bolgiano was presented in 1999 at the Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar titled \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eTanbark harvesting as an economic and environmental factor in Appalachia\u003c/emph\u003e, is available as part of the \u003cref target=\"d97c77781f8962e65556de93483dfb84\"\u003eShenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar records, SC 0205\u003c/ref\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["A paper authored by Chris Bolgiano was presented in 1999 at the Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar titled  Tanbark harvesting as an economic and environmental factor in Appalachia , is available as part of the  Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar records, SC 0205 ."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is comprised of a background paper and three audio recordings with corresponding transcripts of oral history interviews conducted in 1987 and 1991 with individuals familiar with the history of the tanbark industry in the central Shenandoah Valley. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe background paper explores topics related the various processes used to produce leather, including references to the peeling, grinding, and extracting of bark to yield the tannin (tannic acid) used to tan animals skins and hides. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe interviews focus specifically on the mills, extract factories, and tanneries in the Shenandoah Valley, including the Timberville extract factory, and the Ziegler, Elkton, and Houck tanneries of Rockingham County, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e13-leaf monograph describes the tanning industry in the United States and in particular the Shenandoah Valley. Both general information about the industry and specifics about the tanbark process are included. The various processes used to produce leather are described, including references to the peeling, grinding and extracting of bark to yield the tannin (tannic acid) which was used to tan animals skins and hides. References are made to American tanneries in general; specific information is supplied about bark mills, extract factories and tanneries in the Valley--including the Timberville extract (ooze) factory, and the Ziegler, Elkton and Houck tanneries of Rockingham County, Virginia. Transcription summary and letters are related to an interview with Mrs. Lettie Albrite and niece (Ms. Turner-Ritchie) conducted by Mia Barb, at Camelot Nursing Home, Harrisonburg, Va. on March 29, 1991. Refers to Mrs. Albrite's reminiscences of the bark extracting factory at Timberville, Va.; mentions Gen. John Roller, owner. Full transcription and tape of this interview are unavailable.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview records the reminiscences of Mr. Wilkins' (D.D. \"Hun\") days as a bark peeler of chestnut oak and hemlock in the Alleghenny mountains of West Virginia, especially in and around Lost River (also Stump's Run, Moorefield, Lost City and Trout Run). Mentions chestnut blight; blizzard of April 27, 1928. Mentions the Maryland-W. Va. Lumber Co., Natrick Lumber Co. and Williamsport, Md. Tannery. Reminiscences about conditions in the camps\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview records the reminiscences of Mr. Yankey's days as a bark peeler of chestnut oak and hemlock in the Allegheny mountains in areas around Petersburg, Moorefield, Franklin, Cheat Mt., Cass, and Lost City, W. Va. Describes the process of peeling and transporting the bark. Mentions social life and medical care in camps. Refers to paper mill strike in Davis; work in the Timberville, Va. Peach Cannery. Recorded at the home of Mr. Leecy Yankey of Bergton, Va. on Feb. 26, 1991.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview records the reminiscences of Mr. Barb's days as a bark peeler of black, red and white oak in the Allegheny mountains region of Rockingham County, Va., in particular Little Turley Mt. Describes the process of peeling and transporting bark including detailed information on how draft animals (horses and mules) were used. Mentions social life, etc. in the camps. Worked for Neff Lumber Mills at Skidmore Fork Lumber Camp, etc. Recorded at the home of Mr. Kale Barb of Fairway Hills, Harrisonburg, Va. on March 9, 1991\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection is comprised of a background paper and three audio recordings with corresponding transcripts of oral history interviews conducted in 1987 and 1991 with individuals familiar with the history of the tanbark industry in the central Shenandoah Valley. ","The background paper explores topics related the various processes used to produce leather, including references to the peeling, grinding, and extracting of bark to yield the tannin (tannic acid) used to tan animals skins and hides. ","The interviews focus specifically on the mills, extract factories, and tanneries in the Shenandoah Valley, including the Timberville extract factory, and the Ziegler, Elkton, and Houck tanneries of Rockingham County, Virginia.","13-leaf monograph describes the tanning industry in the United States and in particular the Shenandoah Valley. Both general information about the industry and specifics about the tanbark process are included. The various processes used to produce leather are described, including references to the peeling, grinding and extracting of bark to yield the tannin (tannic acid) which was used to tan animals skins and hides. References are made to American tanneries in general; specific information is supplied about bark mills, extract factories and tanneries in the Valley--including the Timberville extract (ooze) factory, and the Ziegler, Elkton and Houck tanneries of Rockingham County, Virginia. Transcription summary and letters are related to an interview with Mrs. Lettie Albrite and niece (Ms. Turner-Ritchie) conducted by Mia Barb, at Camelot Nursing Home, Harrisonburg, Va. on March 29, 1991. Refers to Mrs. Albrite's reminiscences of the bark extracting factory at Timberville, Va.; mentions Gen. John Roller, owner. Full transcription and tape of this interview are unavailable.","This interview records the reminiscences of Mr. Wilkins' (D.D. \"Hun\") days as a bark peeler of chestnut oak and hemlock in the Alleghenny mountains of West Virginia, especially in and around Lost River (also Stump's Run, Moorefield, Lost City and Trout Run). Mentions chestnut blight; blizzard of April 27, 1928. Mentions the Maryland-W. Va. Lumber Co., Natrick Lumber Co. and Williamsport, Md. Tannery. Reminiscences about conditions in the camps","This interview records the reminiscences of Mr. Yankey's days as a bark peeler of chestnut oak and hemlock in the Allegheny mountains in areas around Petersburg, Moorefield, Franklin, Cheat Mt., Cass, and Lost City, W. Va. Describes the process of peeling and transporting the bark. Mentions social life and medical care in camps. Refers to paper mill strike in Davis; work in the Timberville, Va. Peach Cannery. Recorded at the home of Mr. Leecy Yankey of Bergton, Va. on Feb. 26, 1991.","This interview records the reminiscences of Mr. Barb's days as a bark peeler of black, red and white oak in the Allegheny mountains region of Rockingham County, Va., in particular Little Turley Mt. Describes the process of peeling and transporting bark including detailed information on how draft animals (horses and mules) were used. Mentions social life, etc. in the camps. Worked for Neff Lumber Mills at Skidmore Fork Lumber Camp, etc. Recorded at the home of Mr. Kale Barb of Fairway Hills, Harrisonburg, Va. on March 9, 1991"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCopyright interests for the interviews in this collection have been transferred to James Madison University Special Collections. \nCopyright status for other collection materials is unknown. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for determining copyright status and obtaining permissions for use rests solely with the user.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCopyright interests for the interviews in this collection have been transferred to James Madison University Special Collections. \nCopyright status for other collection materials is unknown. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for determining copyright status and obtaining permissions for use rests solely with the user.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProvision of copies of materials in this collection in does not imply permission to utilize materials in excess of fair use. The researcher is solely responsible for determining the copyright status of materials and, if necessary, obtaining permission to use material from the copyright holder.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests have been transferred to Carrier Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use","Conditions Governing Use","Conditions Governing Use","Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["Copyright interests for the interviews in this collection have been transferred to James Madison University Special Collections. \nCopyright status for other collection materials is unknown. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for determining copyright status and obtaining permissions for use rests solely with the user.","Copyright interests for the interviews in this collection have been transferred to James Madison University Special Collections. \nCopyright status for other collection materials is unknown. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for determining copyright status and obtaining permissions for use rests solely with the user.","Provision of copies of materials in this collection in does not imply permission to utilize materials in excess of fair use. The researcher is solely responsible for determining the copyright status of materials and, if necessary, obtaining permission to use material from the copyright holder.","The copyright interests have been transferred to Carrier Library."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_b7211b70131e82bd9621ecc8f329ef41\"\u003eThis collection is comprised of a background paper on the tanbark industry and three oral history interviews recorded in 1987 and 1991 with individuals familiar with the tanbark industry in the central Shenandoah Valley. The 1987 interview was conducted jointly by Chris Bolgiano and John Coleman, and the subsequent two interviews were conducted in 1991 by Mia Barb as part of an oral history project internship.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["This collection is comprised of a background paper on the tanbark industry and three oral history interviews recorded in 1987 and 1991 with individuals familiar with the tanbark industry in the central Shenandoah Valley. The 1987 interview was conducted jointly by Chris Bolgiano and John Coleman, and the subsequent two interviews were conducted in 1991 by Mia Barb as part of an oral history project internship."],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Barb, Mia","Bolgiano, Chris","Coleman, John"],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections"],"names_coll_ssim":["Barb, Mia","Bolgiano, Chris"],"persname_ssim":["Barb, Mia","Bolgiano, Chris","Coleman, John"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":10,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:24:36.195Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_592_c04"}},{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_592_c03","type":"Interview","attributes":{"title":"Leecy Yankey interviewed by Mia Barb","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_592_c03#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis interview records the reminiscences of Mr. Yankey's days as a bark peeler of chestnut oak and hemlock in the Allegheny mountains in areas around Petersburg, Moorefield, Franklin, Cheat Mt., Cass, and Lost City, W. Va. Describes the process of peeling and transporting the bark. Mentions social life and medical care in camps. Refers to paper mill strike in Davis; work in the Timberville, Va. Peach Cannery. 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Recorded at the home of Mr. Leecy Yankey of Bergton, Va. on Feb. 26, 1991."],"title_filing_ssi":"Leecy Yankey interviewed by Mia Barb","title_ssm":["Leecy Yankey interviewed by Mia Barb"],"title_tesim":["Leecy Yankey interviewed by Mia Barb"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1991 February 26"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1991"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Leecy Yankey interviewed by Mia Barb"],"component_level_isim":[1],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"collection_ssim":["Tanbark industry in the Shenandoah Valley oral history collection"],"creator_ssim":["Barb, Mia"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":2,"level_ssm":["Interview"],"level_ssim":["Interview"],"sort_isi":5,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Access to oral history interviews is governed by agreements with the narrators. All interviews in this collection are open for research without restriction. \nResearchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Special Collections staff at library-special@jmu.edu before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Copyright interests for the interviews in this collection have been transferred to James Madison University Special Collections. \nCopyright status for other collection materials is unknown. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for determining copyright status and obtaining permissions for use rests solely with the user."],"date_range_isim":[1991],"names_ssim":["Barb, Mia"],"persname_ssim":["Barb, Mia"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis interview records the reminiscences of Mr. Yankey's days as a bark peeler of chestnut oak and hemlock in the Allegheny mountains in areas around Petersburg, Moorefield, Franklin, Cheat Mt., Cass, and Lost City, W. Va. Describes the process of peeling and transporting the bark. Mentions social life and medical care in camps. Refers to paper mill strike in Davis; work in the Timberville, Va. Peach Cannery. Recorded at the home of Mr. Leecy Yankey of Bergton, Va. on Feb. 26, 1991.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This interview records the reminiscences of Mr. Yankey's days as a bark peeler of chestnut oak and hemlock in the Allegheny mountains in areas around Petersburg, Moorefield, Franklin, Cheat Mt., Cass, and Lost City, W. Va. Describes the process of peeling and transporting the bark. Mentions social life and medical care in camps. Refers to paper mill strike in Davis; work in the Timberville, Va. Peach Cannery. Recorded at the home of Mr. Leecy Yankey of Bergton, Va. on Feb. 26, 1991."],"_nest_path_":"/components#2","timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:24:36.195Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_592","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_592","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_592","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_592","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_592.xml","title_ssm":["Tanbark industry in the Shenandoah Valley oral history collection"],"title_tesim":["Tanbark industry in the Shenandoah Valley oral history collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1987","1991"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1987","1991"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SdArch 0004","/repositories/4/resources/592"],"text":["SdArch 0004","/repositories/4/resources/592","Tanbark industry in the Shenandoah Valley oral history collection","Tanning -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Tanning -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.)","Bark peeling -- Environmental aspects","Bark -- Harvesting","Bark peeling -- Economic aspects","Bark -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Leather industry and trade -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Tanneries -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.)","Tanneries -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Industries -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Tanners -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","oral histories (literary works)","Access to oral history interviews is governed by agreements with the narrators. All interviews in this collection are open for research without restriction. \nResearchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Special Collections staff at  library-special@jmu.edu  before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","Oral history is open for research.","A bound volume that comprises copies of the transcripts of each interview in this collection as well as a copy of the project background paper and any related materials is cataloged as a monograph and is available as part of the Libraries' circulating collection under the title,  Tanbark industry : part of an oral history project on the tanbark industry in the Shenandoah Valley .","Two of the oral history interviews in this collection were conducted by by Mia Barb, an undergraduate at JMU, who completed the project as part of an internship in Special Collections during 1991 that was jointly sponsored by Carrier Library Special Collections and the U.S. Forest Service. The interview with D.D. Wilkins recorded in 1987 was conducted jointly by Chris Bolgiano, head of Special Collections and freelance forestry writer, and John Coleman, an employee of the U.S. Forest Service.\nThe 1987 interview was conducted in support of the research interests of Chris Bolgiano, who has published scholarship on forestry and the tanbark industry in Appalachia. That interview was assembled with the other two interviews conducted by Mia Barb in 1991 due to the topical focus on the tanbark industry to form a collection of three interviews.","In 2008, Libraries' staff in the media resources department reformatted the contents of the original audio cassettes in this collection, using a Tascam CC-222MKII CD recorder / cassette combination deck to transfer digitized m4a and mp3 files onto MAM-A Gold Archival 700MB CD-Rs to serve as both access copies and preservation storage.","In 2018, the digital archivist in Special Collections completed a large-scale re-processing project to transfer reformatted born-digital files stored on gold CDs off of the physical media and into access and preservation storage environments on Libraries servers. As part of this project, the digital archivist also combined audio files when appropriate for interviews that were originally recorded across multiple pieces of physical media or on different sides of a single piece of media, and applied a new file naming convention constructed from the oral history collection identifer and a component unique identifer used to differentiate among interviews at the file level in the archival description. The archivist saved these newly combined interview files in .wav file format for preservation storage, and also created derivative access file copies in .mp3 file format.","In 2025, as part of an oral history redescription project, archivists corrected errors in file names for audio files in this collection to align with existing file naming conventions for digitized Special Collections materials, and to ensure that all component unique identifiers used within file names for digital surrogates matched the identifiers employed in the corresponding archival description.","A paper authored by Chris Bolgiano was presented in 1999 at the Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar titled  Tanbark harvesting as an economic and environmental factor in Appalachia , is available as part of the  Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar records, SC 0205 .","This collection is comprised of a background paper and three audio recordings with corresponding transcripts of oral history interviews conducted in 1987 and 1991 with individuals familiar with the history of the tanbark industry in the central Shenandoah Valley. ","The background paper explores topics related the various processes used to produce leather, including references to the peeling, grinding, and extracting of bark to yield the tannin (tannic acid) used to tan animals skins and hides. ","The interviews focus specifically on the mills, extract factories, and tanneries in the Shenandoah Valley, including the Timberville extract factory, and the Ziegler, Elkton, and Houck tanneries of Rockingham County, Virginia.","13-leaf monograph describes the tanning industry in the United States and in particular the Shenandoah Valley. Both general information about the industry and specifics about the tanbark process are included. The various processes used to produce leather are described, including references to the peeling, grinding and extracting of bark to yield the tannin (tannic acid) which was used to tan animals skins and hides. References are made to American tanneries in general; specific information is supplied about bark mills, extract factories and tanneries in the Valley--including the Timberville extract (ooze) factory, and the Ziegler, Elkton and Houck tanneries of Rockingham County, Virginia. Transcription summary and letters are related to an interview with Mrs. Lettie Albrite and niece (Ms. Turner-Ritchie) conducted by Mia Barb, at Camelot Nursing Home, Harrisonburg, Va. on March 29, 1991. Refers to Mrs. Albrite's reminiscences of the bark extracting factory at Timberville, Va.; mentions Gen. John Roller, owner. Full transcription and tape of this interview are unavailable.","This interview records the reminiscences of Mr. Wilkins' (D.D. \"Hun\") days as a bark peeler of chestnut oak and hemlock in the Alleghenny mountains of West Virginia, especially in and around Lost River (also Stump's Run, Moorefield, Lost City and Trout Run). Mentions chestnut blight; blizzard of April 27, 1928. Mentions the Maryland-W. Va. Lumber Co., Natrick Lumber Co. and Williamsport, Md. Tannery. Reminiscences about conditions in the camps","This interview records the reminiscences of Mr. Yankey's days as a bark peeler of chestnut oak and hemlock in the Allegheny mountains in areas around Petersburg, Moorefield, Franklin, Cheat Mt., Cass, and Lost City, W. Va. Describes the process of peeling and transporting the bark. Mentions social life and medical care in camps. Refers to paper mill strike in Davis; work in the Timberville, Va. Peach Cannery. Recorded at the home of Mr. Leecy Yankey of Bergton, Va. on Feb. 26, 1991.","This interview records the reminiscences of Mr. Barb's days as a bark peeler of black, red and white oak in the Allegheny mountains region of Rockingham County, Va., in particular Little Turley Mt. Describes the process of peeling and transporting bark including detailed information on how draft animals (horses and mules) were used. Mentions social life, etc. in the camps. Worked for Neff Lumber Mills at Skidmore Fork Lumber Camp, etc. Recorded at the home of Mr. Kale Barb of Fairway Hills, Harrisonburg, Va. on March 9, 1991","Copyright interests for the interviews in this collection have been transferred to James Madison University Special Collections. \nCopyright status for other collection materials is unknown. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for determining copyright status and obtaining permissions for use rests solely with the user.","Copyright interests for the interviews in this collection have been transferred to James Madison University Special Collections. \nCopyright status for other collection materials is unknown. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for determining copyright status and obtaining permissions for use rests solely with the user.","Provision of copies of materials in this collection in does not imply permission to utilize materials in excess of fair use. The researcher is solely responsible for determining the copyright status of materials and, if necessary, obtaining permission to use material from the copyright holder.","The copyright interests have been transferred to Carrier Library.","This collection is comprised of a background paper on the tanbark industry and three oral history interviews recorded in 1987 and 1991 with individuals familiar with the tanbark industry in the central Shenandoah Valley. The 1987 interview was conducted jointly by Chris Bolgiano and John Coleman, and the subsequent two interviews were conducted in 1991 by Mia Barb as part of an oral history project internship.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Barb, Mia","Bolgiano, Chris","Coleman, John","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SdArch 0004","/repositories/4/resources/592"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Tanbark industry in the Shenandoah Valley oral history collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["Tanbark industry in the Shenandoah Valley oral history collection"],"collection_ssim":["Tanbark industry in the Shenandoah Valley oral history collection"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"creator_ssm":["Barb, Mia","Barb, Mia","Bolgiano, Chris","Bolgiano, Chris"],"creator_ssim":["Barb, Mia","Barb, Mia","Bolgiano, Chris","Bolgiano, Chris"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Barb, Mia","Barb, Mia","Bolgiano, Chris","Bolgiano, Chris"],"creators_ssim":["Barb, Mia","Barb, Mia","Bolgiano, Chris","Bolgiano, Chris"],"access_terms_ssm":["Copyright interests for the interviews in this collection have been transferred to James Madison University Special Collections. \nCopyright status for other collection materials is unknown. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for determining copyright status and obtaining permissions for use rests solely with the user."],"acqinfo_ssim":["1987 interview donated in _____ by Chris Bolgiano.\n1991 interviews and background paper donated in 1991 by Mia Barb."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Tanning -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Tanning -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.)","Bark peeling -- Environmental aspects","Bark -- Harvesting","Bark peeling -- Economic aspects","Bark -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Leather industry and trade -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Tanneries -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.)","Tanneries -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Industries -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Tanners -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","oral histories (literary works)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Tanning -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Tanning -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.)","Bark peeling -- Environmental aspects","Bark -- Harvesting","Bark peeling -- Economic aspects","Bark -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Leather industry and trade -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Tanneries -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.)","Tanneries -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Industries -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Tanners -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","oral histories (literary works)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.25 cubic feet 4 folders; 4 audiocassettes"],"extent_tesim":["0.25 cubic feet 4 folders; 4 audiocassettes"],"genreform_ssim":["oral histories (literary works)"],"date_range_isim":[1987,1991],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAccess to oral history interviews is governed by agreements with the narrators. All interviews in this collection are open for research without restriction. \nResearchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Special Collections staff at \u003ca href=\"mailto:library-special@jmu.edu\"\u003elibrary-special@jmu.edu\u003c/a\u003e before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOral history is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access","Access Conditions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Access to oral history interviews is governed by agreements with the narrators. All interviews in this collection are open for research without restriction. \nResearchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Special Collections staff at  library-special@jmu.edu  before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","Oral history is open for research."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA bound volume that comprises copies of the transcripts of each interview in this collection as well as a copy of the project background paper and any related materials is cataloged as a monograph and is available as part of the Libraries' circulating collection under the title, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eTanbark industry : part of an oral history project on the tanbark industry in the Shenandoah Valley\u003c/emph\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Existence and Location of Copies"],"altformavail_tesim":["A bound volume that comprises copies of the transcripts of each interview in this collection as well as a copy of the project background paper and any related materials is cataloged as a monograph and is available as part of the Libraries' circulating collection under the title,  Tanbark industry : part of an oral history project on the tanbark industry in the Shenandoah Valley ."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eTwo of the oral history interviews in this collection were conducted by by Mia Barb, an undergraduate at JMU, who completed the project as part of an internship in Special Collections during 1991 that was jointly sponsored by Carrier Library Special Collections and the U.S. Forest Service. The interview with D.D. Wilkins recorded in 1987 was conducted jointly by Chris Bolgiano, head of Special Collections and freelance forestry writer, and John Coleman, an employee of the U.S. Forest Service.\nThe 1987 interview was conducted in support of the research interests of Chris Bolgiano, who has published scholarship on forestry and the tanbark industry in Appalachia. That interview was assembled with the other two interviews conducted by Mia Barb in 1991 due to the topical focus on the tanbark industry to form a collection of three interviews.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Two of the oral history interviews in this collection were conducted by by Mia Barb, an undergraduate at JMU, who completed the project as part of an internship in Special Collections during 1991 that was jointly sponsored by Carrier Library Special Collections and the U.S. Forest Service. The interview with D.D. Wilkins recorded in 1987 was conducted jointly by Chris Bolgiano, head of Special Collections and freelance forestry writer, and John Coleman, an employee of the U.S. Forest Service.\nThe 1987 interview was conducted in support of the research interests of Chris Bolgiano, who has published scholarship on forestry and the tanbark industry in Appalachia. That interview was assembled with the other two interviews conducted by Mia Barb in 1991 due to the topical focus on the tanbark industry to form a collection of three interviews."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item/interview], [date of item/interview], Tanbark Industry in the Shenandoah Valley Oral History Collection, SdArch 0004, Special Collections, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item/interview], [date of item/interview], Tanbark Industry in the Shenandoah Valley Oral History Collection, SdArch 0004, Special Collections, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn 2008, Libraries' staff in the media resources department reformatted the contents of the original audio cassettes in this collection, using a Tascam CC-222MKII CD recorder / cassette combination deck to transfer digitized m4a and mp3 files onto MAM-A Gold Archival 700MB CD-Rs to serve as both access copies and preservation storage.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 2018, the digital archivist in Special Collections completed a large-scale re-processing project to transfer reformatted born-digital files stored on gold CDs off of the physical media and into access and preservation storage environments on Libraries servers. As part of this project, the digital archivist also combined audio files when appropriate for interviews that were originally recorded across multiple pieces of physical media or on different sides of a single piece of media, and applied a new file naming convention constructed from the oral history collection identifer and a component unique identifer used to differentiate among interviews at the file level in the archival description. The archivist saved these newly combined interview files in .wav file format for preservation storage, and also created derivative access file copies in .mp3 file format.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 2025, as part of an oral history redescription project, archivists corrected errors in file names for audio files in this collection to align with existing file naming conventions for digitized Special Collections materials, and to ensure that all component unique identifiers used within file names for digital surrogates matched the identifiers employed in the corresponding archival description.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["In 2008, Libraries' staff in the media resources department reformatted the contents of the original audio cassettes in this collection, using a Tascam CC-222MKII CD recorder / cassette combination deck to transfer digitized m4a and mp3 files onto MAM-A Gold Archival 700MB CD-Rs to serve as both access copies and preservation storage.","In 2018, the digital archivist in Special Collections completed a large-scale re-processing project to transfer reformatted born-digital files stored on gold CDs off of the physical media and into access and preservation storage environments on Libraries servers. As part of this project, the digital archivist also combined audio files when appropriate for interviews that were originally recorded across multiple pieces of physical media or on different sides of a single piece of media, and applied a new file naming convention constructed from the oral history collection identifer and a component unique identifer used to differentiate among interviews at the file level in the archival description. The archivist saved these newly combined interview files in .wav file format for preservation storage, and also created derivative access file copies in .mp3 file format.","In 2025, as part of an oral history redescription project, archivists corrected errors in file names for audio files in this collection to align with existing file naming conventions for digitized Special Collections materials, and to ensure that all component unique identifiers used within file names for digital surrogates matched the identifiers employed in the corresponding archival description."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA paper authored by Chris Bolgiano was presented in 1999 at the Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar titled \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eTanbark harvesting as an economic and environmental factor in Appalachia\u003c/emph\u003e, is available as part of the \u003cref target=\"d97c77781f8962e65556de93483dfb84\"\u003eShenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar records, SC 0205\u003c/ref\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["A paper authored by Chris Bolgiano was presented in 1999 at the Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar titled  Tanbark harvesting as an economic and environmental factor in Appalachia , is available as part of the  Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar records, SC 0205 ."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is comprised of a background paper and three audio recordings with corresponding transcripts of oral history interviews conducted in 1987 and 1991 with individuals familiar with the history of the tanbark industry in the central Shenandoah Valley. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe background paper explores topics related the various processes used to produce leather, including references to the peeling, grinding, and extracting of bark to yield the tannin (tannic acid) used to tan animals skins and hides. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe interviews focus specifically on the mills, extract factories, and tanneries in the Shenandoah Valley, including the Timberville extract factory, and the Ziegler, Elkton, and Houck tanneries of Rockingham County, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e13-leaf monograph describes the tanning industry in the United States and in particular the Shenandoah Valley. Both general information about the industry and specifics about the tanbark process are included. The various processes used to produce leather are described, including references to the peeling, grinding and extracting of bark to yield the tannin (tannic acid) which was used to tan animals skins and hides. References are made to American tanneries in general; specific information is supplied about bark mills, extract factories and tanneries in the Valley--including the Timberville extract (ooze) factory, and the Ziegler, Elkton and Houck tanneries of Rockingham County, Virginia. Transcription summary and letters are related to an interview with Mrs. Lettie Albrite and niece (Ms. Turner-Ritchie) conducted by Mia Barb, at Camelot Nursing Home, Harrisonburg, Va. on March 29, 1991. Refers to Mrs. Albrite's reminiscences of the bark extracting factory at Timberville, Va.; mentions Gen. John Roller, owner. Full transcription and tape of this interview are unavailable.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview records the reminiscences of Mr. Wilkins' (D.D. \"Hun\") days as a bark peeler of chestnut oak and hemlock in the Alleghenny mountains of West Virginia, especially in and around Lost River (also Stump's Run, Moorefield, Lost City and Trout Run). Mentions chestnut blight; blizzard of April 27, 1928. Mentions the Maryland-W. Va. Lumber Co., Natrick Lumber Co. and Williamsport, Md. Tannery. Reminiscences about conditions in the camps\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview records the reminiscences of Mr. Yankey's days as a bark peeler of chestnut oak and hemlock in the Allegheny mountains in areas around Petersburg, Moorefield, Franklin, Cheat Mt., Cass, and Lost City, W. Va. Describes the process of peeling and transporting the bark. Mentions social life and medical care in camps. Refers to paper mill strike in Davis; work in the Timberville, Va. Peach Cannery. Recorded at the home of Mr. Leecy Yankey of Bergton, Va. on Feb. 26, 1991.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview records the reminiscences of Mr. Barb's days as a bark peeler of black, red and white oak in the Allegheny mountains region of Rockingham County, Va., in particular Little Turley Mt. Describes the process of peeling and transporting bark including detailed information on how draft animals (horses and mules) were used. Mentions social life, etc. in the camps. Worked for Neff Lumber Mills at Skidmore Fork Lumber Camp, etc. Recorded at the home of Mr. Kale Barb of Fairway Hills, Harrisonburg, Va. on March 9, 1991\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection is comprised of a background paper and three audio recordings with corresponding transcripts of oral history interviews conducted in 1987 and 1991 with individuals familiar with the history of the tanbark industry in the central Shenandoah Valley. ","The background paper explores topics related the various processes used to produce leather, including references to the peeling, grinding, and extracting of bark to yield the tannin (tannic acid) used to tan animals skins and hides. ","The interviews focus specifically on the mills, extract factories, and tanneries in the Shenandoah Valley, including the Timberville extract factory, and the Ziegler, Elkton, and Houck tanneries of Rockingham County, Virginia.","13-leaf monograph describes the tanning industry in the United States and in particular the Shenandoah Valley. Both general information about the industry and specifics about the tanbark process are included. The various processes used to produce leather are described, including references to the peeling, grinding and extracting of bark to yield the tannin (tannic acid) which was used to tan animals skins and hides. References are made to American tanneries in general; specific information is supplied about bark mills, extract factories and tanneries in the Valley--including the Timberville extract (ooze) factory, and the Ziegler, Elkton and Houck tanneries of Rockingham County, Virginia. Transcription summary and letters are related to an interview with Mrs. Lettie Albrite and niece (Ms. Turner-Ritchie) conducted by Mia Barb, at Camelot Nursing Home, Harrisonburg, Va. on March 29, 1991. Refers to Mrs. Albrite's reminiscences of the bark extracting factory at Timberville, Va.; mentions Gen. John Roller, owner. Full transcription and tape of this interview are unavailable.","This interview records the reminiscences of Mr. Wilkins' (D.D. \"Hun\") days as a bark peeler of chestnut oak and hemlock in the Alleghenny mountains of West Virginia, especially in and around Lost River (also Stump's Run, Moorefield, Lost City and Trout Run). Mentions chestnut blight; blizzard of April 27, 1928. Mentions the Maryland-W. Va. Lumber Co., Natrick Lumber Co. and Williamsport, Md. Tannery. Reminiscences about conditions in the camps","This interview records the reminiscences of Mr. Yankey's days as a bark peeler of chestnut oak and hemlock in the Allegheny mountains in areas around Petersburg, Moorefield, Franklin, Cheat Mt., Cass, and Lost City, W. Va. Describes the process of peeling and transporting the bark. Mentions social life and medical care in camps. Refers to paper mill strike in Davis; work in the Timberville, Va. Peach Cannery. Recorded at the home of Mr. Leecy Yankey of Bergton, Va. on Feb. 26, 1991.","This interview records the reminiscences of Mr. Barb's days as a bark peeler of black, red and white oak in the Allegheny mountains region of Rockingham County, Va., in particular Little Turley Mt. Describes the process of peeling and transporting bark including detailed information on how draft animals (horses and mules) were used. Mentions social life, etc. in the camps. Worked for Neff Lumber Mills at Skidmore Fork Lumber Camp, etc. Recorded at the home of Mr. Kale Barb of Fairway Hills, Harrisonburg, Va. on March 9, 1991"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCopyright interests for the interviews in this collection have been transferred to James Madison University Special Collections. \nCopyright status for other collection materials is unknown. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for determining copyright status and obtaining permissions for use rests solely with the user.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCopyright interests for the interviews in this collection have been transferred to James Madison University Special Collections. \nCopyright status for other collection materials is unknown. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for determining copyright status and obtaining permissions for use rests solely with the user.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProvision of copies of materials in this collection in does not imply permission to utilize materials in excess of fair use. The researcher is solely responsible for determining the copyright status of materials and, if necessary, obtaining permission to use material from the copyright holder.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests have been transferred to Carrier Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use","Conditions Governing Use","Conditions Governing Use","Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["Copyright interests for the interviews in this collection have been transferred to James Madison University Special Collections. \nCopyright status for other collection materials is unknown. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for determining copyright status and obtaining permissions for use rests solely with the user.","Copyright interests for the interviews in this collection have been transferred to James Madison University Special Collections. \nCopyright status for other collection materials is unknown. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for determining copyright status and obtaining permissions for use rests solely with the user.","Provision of copies of materials in this collection in does not imply permission to utilize materials in excess of fair use. The researcher is solely responsible for determining the copyright status of materials and, if necessary, obtaining permission to use material from the copyright holder.","The copyright interests have been transferred to Carrier Library."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_b7211b70131e82bd9621ecc8f329ef41\"\u003eThis collection is comprised of a background paper on the tanbark industry and three oral history interviews recorded in 1987 and 1991 with individuals familiar with the tanbark industry in the central Shenandoah Valley. The 1987 interview was conducted jointly by Chris Bolgiano and John Coleman, and the subsequent two interviews were conducted in 1991 by Mia Barb as part of an oral history project internship.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["This collection is comprised of a background paper on the tanbark industry and three oral history interviews recorded in 1987 and 1991 with individuals familiar with the tanbark industry in the central Shenandoah Valley. The 1987 interview was conducted jointly by Chris Bolgiano and John Coleman, and the subsequent two interviews were conducted in 1991 by Mia Barb as part of an oral history project internship."],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Barb, Mia","Bolgiano, Chris","Coleman, John"],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections"],"names_coll_ssim":["Barb, Mia","Bolgiano, Chris"],"persname_ssim":["Barb, Mia","Bolgiano, Chris","Coleman, John"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":10,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:24:36.195Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_592_c03"}}],"included":[{"type":"facet","id":"repository_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Repository","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"James Madison University","value":"James Madison University","hits":6},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Interview\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=James+Madison+University"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/repository_ssim.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Interview"}},{"type":"facet","id":"collection_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Collection","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Drugs in the valley: fifty years of Merck and Co. oral history collection","value":"Drugs in the valley: fifty years of Merck and Co. oral history collection","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Drugs+in+the+valley%3A+fifty+years+of+Merck+and+Co.+oral+history+collection\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Interview"}},{"attributes":{"label":"George Washington National Forest oral histories","value":"George Washington National Forest oral histories","hits":2},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=George+Washington+National+Forest+oral+histories\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Interview"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Tanbark industry in the Shenandoah Valley oral history collection","value":"Tanbark industry in the Shenandoah Valley oral history collection","hits":3},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Tanbark+industry+in+the+Shenandoah+Valley+oral+history+collection\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Interview"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/collection_ssim.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Interview"}},{"type":"facet","id":"date_range_isim","attributes":{"label":"Date range","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"1987","value":"1987","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1987\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Interview"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1990","value":"1990","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1990\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Interview"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1991","value":"1991","hits":2},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1991\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Interview"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1994","value":"1994","hits":2},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1994\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Interview"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/date_range_isim.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Interview"}},{"type":"facet","id":"creator_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Creator","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Barb, Mia","value":"Barb, Mia","hits":2},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Barb%2C+Mia\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Interview"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Bolgiano, Chris","value":"Bolgiano, Chris","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Bolgiano%2C+Chris\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Interview"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Coleman, John","value":"Coleman, John","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Coleman%2C+John\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Interview"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Dickerman, Ernest M. 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