{"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026page=936\u0026view=list","prev":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026page=935\u0026view=list","next":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026page=937\u0026view=list","last":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026page=4747\u0026view=list"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":936,"next_page":937,"prev_page":935,"total_pages":4747,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":9350,"total_count":47468,"first_page?":false,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"vi_vi00037","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Danville (Va.) Civil Rights Case\n Files, 1963-1973","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi00037#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eDanville (Va.) Civil Rights Case Files, 1963-1973, consists of court papers and legal files relating to the 1963 Civil Rights demonstrations in Danville. These files include bills of particulars, bond records, correspondence, court dockets, court orders, Dictabelts, evidence, judgments, petitions, photographs, receipts, subpoenas, and transcripts of testimony that document the legal aspects of the demonstrations from the Danville Corporation Court to the Virginia Supreme Court of Appeals.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi00037#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vi_vi00037","ead_ssi":"vi_vi00037","_root_":"vi_vi00037","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi00037","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi00037.xml","title_ssm":["Danville (Va.) Civil Rights Case\n Files, 1963-1973"],"title_tesim":["Danville (Va.) Civil Rights Case\n Files, 1963-1973"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Danville (Va.) Civil Rights Case\n Files, 1963-1973"],"text":["Danville (Va.) Civil Rights Case\n Files, 1963-1973","38099","Digital images and audio files","This collection is arranged into the following series:\n\n\nSeries I: Individual Case Files, A-Z individual files of persons arrested during the civil rights demonstrations of 1963. \nSeries II: Howard Johnson Trespassing Case, 1963, concerning the trial for those arrested for trespassing on January 1, 1963 at the Howard Johnson restaurant on Route 29 south of Danville. \nSeries III:Correspondence, 1963-1967 of clerk of the Danville Corporation Court and clerk of the Virginia Supreme Court of Appeals. \nSeries IV: Corporation Court Dockets,1963-1967 related to the demonstration cases. \nSeries V: Court Orders, 1963-1973 issued by the Danville Corporation Court and U.S. District Court, Western District of Virginia. \nSeries VI: Evidence, 1963 used in various cases. \nSeries VII: Notes, undated concerning cases and sentencing. \nSeries VIII: Petitions, 1963 Petition for Removal filed with the court. \nSeries IX: Receipts bonds and court costs related to various charges. \nSeries X: Special Grand Jury, 1963 indictments and subpoenas concerning \"John Brown's Law.\" \nSeries XI: Transcripts, 1963 transcripts of testimony in various cases.\nSeries XII: Virginia Supreme Court of Appeals, 1965-1972.\n decisions handed down by the court of appeals.\nSeries XIII: Dictabelt Records, 1966-1973 audio records of various cases heard in the Danville Corporation Court.","Context for Records: The summer of 1963 witnessed a wave of civil rights\n demonstrations throughout the nation. In Danville, Virginia,\n the leaders of the Danville Christian Progressive Association (DCPA), an affiliate of the Southern Christian Leadership\n Conference (SCLC), organized a series of protests. Rev. Lawrence G.\n Campbell, Rev. Alexander I. Dunlap, Julius E. Adams, and\n Arthur Pinchback, Jr., believing that the Danville NAACP under the\n leadership of Doyle Thomas was too conservative, had founded\n the DCPA in 1960. These men, along with Rev. Lendall\n W. Chase, president of the Danville SCLC, took the lead in\n promoting civil rights in Danville, a city deep in Virginia's\n Black Belt with decades of systemic racism shaped by Jim Crow era polcies and therefore strong in segregationist sentiment.","Throughout 1962, the leaders repeatedly appeared before the\n Danville City Council to demand Black representation on the\n boards of city agencies and the end of segregation. In August\n 1962, with the help of Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) lawyer Len W. Holt, Campbell, Dunlap, Adams, and Chase filed the Danville\n Omnibus Integration Suit in federal court. The suit called\n for the integration of Danville's hospitals, schools,\n cemeteries, public buildings, public housing projects,\n teaching assignments, and city employment opportunities. On\n January 1, 1963, Dunlap, Chase, Campbell, Adams, and Pinchback\n were arrested at a segregated Howard Johnson's restaurant for\n trespassing after refusing to leave when the manager asked\n them to do so. In March, Martin Luther King, Jr., spoke at a\n meeting of the Danville SCLC.","On May 31, the Danville civil rights demonstrations began\n peacefully and ended without incident. Police did not make any\n arrests and the local press ignored the demonstration. The\n majority of the demonstrators were teenagers led by Thurman\n Echols and Ezell Barksdale. On June 5, the demonstrators\n changed tactics as the participants marched into City Hall and occupied the city manger's office, and the next day jointly impeded traffic by sitting down in the middle of a busy city street. Judge Archibald M. Aiken, Jr., judge\n of the Danville Corporation Court, was summoned by police to\n the scene and commanded the demonstrators to disperse. The\n demonstrators, however, refused, prompting Aiken to issue a\n temporary injunction that ordered the\n demonstrators to desist from, among other things, assembling\n in an unlawful manner, interfering with traffic and business,\n obstructing entrances to businesses and public buildings,\n participating and inciting \"mob violence,\" and using loud\n language that disrupts the peace. The injunction, made\n permanent a few weeks later, formed the basis for many of the\n arrests made that summer.","In addition to the injunction, Danville officials used other methods\n to quell the demonstrations. A special grand jury, convened by\n Aiken, indicted the demonstration leaders on June 7 under the 1859 statute called the \"John Brown's Law,\" that made inciting\n \"the colored population to acts of violence or war against the\n white population\" illegal. This set the bond for the leaders at $5,000 each. In mid-June and early July, the\n Danville city council, under the leadership of councilman John\n W. Carter, an attorney and staunch segregationist, adopted two\n ordinances designed to limit the demonstrations. One limited\n the size, place, and time of demonstrations and the other\n required a permit to parade.","Despite Aiken's and the city council's attempts, the\n demonstrations continued. Civil rights activists from the\n SNCC and the\n Congress of Racial Equality (CORE), including field\n secretaries Bob Zellner, Ivanhoe Donaldson, Avon Rollins, and\n Daniel Foss (SNCC), and Bruce Baines and Claudia Edwards (CORE) arrived in Danville to participate in the demonstrations.\n Civil rights lawyers affiliated with the National Lawyer's\n Guild and the NAACP, including William M. Kunstler, Dean Robb,\n Nathan Conyers, and Samuel W. Tuckers, also arrived in\n Danville to help represent the demonstrators. On June 10,\n after a full day of protests, the police and deputized city workers, with nightsticks and\n fire hoses, attacked a group of Black community members holding a vigil for individuals detained in the city jail. Forty-seven of the fifty or so people in attendance required medical\n attention. The next day, July 11, Martin Luther King, Jr., visited Danville in a show of support for the demonstrators, although he decided to not hold a march during the appearance.","The demonstrations continued, however, and by mid-July over\n 250 people had been arrested on charges of contempt,\n trespassing, disorderly conduct, assault, parading without a\n permit, and resisting arrest. When parents\n went to the jail to post bail for their children, some of them were arrested and charged with\n contributing to the delinquency of a minor by not providing\n adequate supervision.","The defense lawyers, including Len W. Holt, Ruth L. Harvey,\n Jerry Williams, and Harry I. Wood, in addition to those from\n the National Lawyer's Guild and the NAACP, attempted to remove\n the cases from the corporation court to federal court, but to\n no avail. Each defendant demanded an individual trial causing\n the corporation court's dockets to be filled to such an extent\n that no cases other than the demonstrator's could not be\n heard. The prosecutor requested a change of venue to alleviate\n the crowded docket and Aiken transferred about 124 cases to\n other courts throughout Virginia. This posed signigicant financial stress on many of the defendants who were then required to travel to a different court. In some cases, more than a hundred miles distant.","The defense lawyers again sought an order from the federal\n courts to stay all arrests, trials, and other proceedings for\n violation of the injunction and city ordinance. On August 8,\n the Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals halted these trials\n pending the outcome of the appeal. Judge Aiken, however,\n continued hearing the cases for disorderly conduct, parading\n without a permit, resisting arrest, and trespassing. He\n generally sentenced the guilty parties to two to five days in\n jail and a fine, suspending execution of the sentences pending\n an appeal. In September, defense counsel agreed to consolidate\n the cases and Aiken rescinded his orders for change of\n venue.","By mid-August, the demonstrations had largely waned due to\n Danville's unwillingness to yield to the protests. A year\n later, the Fourth Circuit Court of Appeal dissolved the\n injunction, but, by a 3-2 margin and with a strong dissent,\n declared Aiken's injunction constitutional. Moreover, the\n cases were remanded to the corporation court where the\n Virginia Supreme Court of Appeals could hear the necessary\n appeals. The United States Supreme Court upheld the decision\n by a five-four margin.","In December 1966, Judge Aiken resumed the trials of those\n who violated his injunction. The trials proceeded quickly.\n Aiken did not find all the defendants guilty and dismissed\n some cases for lack of evidence. The usual sentence was eight\n days in jail and a fine of twenty dollars. The demonstration\n leaders received the stiffest penalties with Rev. Lawrence G.\n Campbell receiving the worst, being sentenced 250 days in jail\n and a $2,500 fine.","In early 1967, the Virginia Supreme Court began deciding\n the first of the appeals from the Danville Corporation Court.\n In Thomas v. City of Danville, the Court ruled Judge Aiken's\n injunction constitutional. In York v. City of Danville, they\n ruled that a parade can be subject to \"reasonable and\n nondiscriminatory regulation,\" but that the city's time\n requirement for applying for a permit was too harsh. In 1970,\n the Court ruled in Rollins v. Commonwealth that the state must\n prove that a defendant not named in the injunction had\n knowledge of the injunction before violating its orders. In\n January 1973, the Supreme Court of Appeals heard the last of\n the cases associated with the demonstrations and requested\n that the Commonwealth's Attorney for Danville review the cases\n under appeal in light of the court's previous rulings. As a\n result, the Court overturned the convictions of almost 270\n people. However, the Court upheld the convictions of those\n named in the injunction and for trespassing, obstructing\n traffic, and illegal picketing.","On February 9, 1973, the court proceedings involving the\n Danville demonstrations of 1963 came to end. Judge Glynn R.\n Phillips, Jr., of Clintwood was assigned to hear the defense\n motion to suspend the jail sentences and fines of those whose\n convictions had been upheld. Judge Aiken died in 1971, and\n the new Danville Corporation Court judge had recused\n himself. Against the prosecutor's objections, Judge Phillips\n suspended the jail sentences on condition of good behavior for\n two years, but ordered payment of fines that totaled more than\n $5,000.","Locality History: Danville (Va.), in Pittsylvania County, was named for the Dan River on which the city is located. Danville was established in 1793, was incorporated as a town in 1830, and became a city in 1890. The town of North Danville, incorporated in 1877 and renamed Neopolis in 1894, was added in 1896.","Danville (Va.) Civil Rights Case Files, 1963-1973, consists of\n court papers and legal files relating to the 1963 Civil Rights\n demonstrations in Danville. These files include bills of\n particulars, bond records, correspondence, court dockets,\n court orders, Dictabelts, evidence, judgments, petitions,\n photographs, receipts, subpoenas, and transcripts of testimony\n that document the legal aspects of the demonstrations from the\n Danville Corporation Court to the Virginia Supreme Court of\n Appeals.","Library of Virginia","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Danville (Va.) Civil Rights Case\n Files, 1963-1973"],"collection_ssim":["Danville (Va.) Civil Rights Case\n Files, 1963-1973"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["38099"],"unitid_tesim":["38099"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Records lent for microfilming and digital duplication by\n Danville, Virginia Circuit Court, 17 August 1999 under accession 38099.","Digital images made by Backstage in 2021 from the 1999 microfilm. CDs of the original Dictabelt audio recordings of the trials were also converted in 2021."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["Digital images and audio files"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged into the following series:\n\n\u003clist type=\"simple\"\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries I: Individual Case Files, A-Z\u003c/emph\u003e individual files of persons arrested during the civil rights demonstrations of 1963. \u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries II: Howard Johnson Trespassing Case, 1963,\u003c/emph\u003e concerning the trial for those arrested for trespassing on January 1, 1963 at the Howard Johnson restaurant on Route 29 south of Danville. \u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries III:Correspondence, 1963-1967 \u003c/emph\u003e of clerk of the Danville Corporation Court and clerk of the Virginia Supreme Court of Appeals. \u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries IV: Corporation Court Dockets,1963-1967 \u003c/emph\u003e related to the demonstration cases. \u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries V: Court Orders, 1963-1973 \u003c/emph\u003e issued by the Danville Corporation Court and U.S. District Court, Western District of Virginia. \u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries VI: Evidence, 1963 \u003c/emph\u003e used in various cases. \u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries VII: Notes, undated \u003c/emph\u003e concerning cases and sentencing. \u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries VIII: Petitions, 1963 \u003c/emph\u003e Petition for Removal filed with the court. \u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries IX: Receipts \u003c/emph\u003e bonds and court costs related to various charges. \u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries X: Special Grand Jury, 1963 \u003c/emph\u003e indictments and subpoenas concerning \"John Brown's Law.\" \u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries XI: Transcripts, 1963 \u003c/emph\u003e transcripts of testimony in various cases.\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries XII: Virginia Supreme Court of Appeals, 1965-1972.\n \u003c/emph\u003e decisions handed down by the court of appeals.\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries XIII: Dictabelt Records, 1966-1973\u003c/emph\u003e audio records of various cases heard in the Danville Corporation Court.\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003c/list\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged into the following series:\n\n\nSeries I: Individual Case Files, A-Z individual files of persons arrested during the civil rights demonstrations of 1963. \nSeries II: Howard Johnson Trespassing Case, 1963, concerning the trial for those arrested for trespassing on January 1, 1963 at the Howard Johnson restaurant on Route 29 south of Danville. \nSeries III:Correspondence, 1963-1967 of clerk of the Danville Corporation Court and clerk of the Virginia Supreme Court of Appeals. \nSeries IV: Corporation Court Dockets,1963-1967 related to the demonstration cases. \nSeries V: Court Orders, 1963-1973 issued by the Danville Corporation Court and U.S. District Court, Western District of Virginia. \nSeries VI: Evidence, 1963 used in various cases. \nSeries VII: Notes, undated concerning cases and sentencing. \nSeries VIII: Petitions, 1963 Petition for Removal filed with the court. \nSeries IX: Receipts bonds and court costs related to various charges. \nSeries X: Special Grand Jury, 1963 indictments and subpoenas concerning \"John Brown's Law.\" \nSeries XI: Transcripts, 1963 transcripts of testimony in various cases.\nSeries XII: Virginia Supreme Court of Appeals, 1965-1972.\n decisions handed down by the court of appeals.\nSeries XIII: Dictabelt Records, 1966-1973 audio records of various cases heard in the Danville Corporation Court."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eContext for Records:\u003c/emph\u003e The summer of 1963 witnessed a wave of civil rights\n demonstrations throughout the nation. In Danville, Virginia,\n the leaders of the Danville Christian Progressive Association (DCPA), an affiliate of the Southern Christian Leadership\n Conference (SCLC), organized a series of protests. Rev. Lawrence G.\n Campbell, Rev. Alexander I. Dunlap, Julius E. Adams, and\n Arthur Pinchback, Jr., believing that the Danville NAACP under the\n leadership of Doyle Thomas was too conservative, had founded\n the DCPA in 1960. These men, along with Rev. Lendall\n W. Chase, president of the Danville SCLC, took the lead in\n promoting civil rights in Danville, a city deep in Virginia's\n Black Belt with decades of systemic racism shaped by Jim Crow era polcies and therefore strong in segregationist sentiment.\u003c/p\u003e\n ","\u003cp\u003eThroughout 1962, the leaders repeatedly appeared before the\n Danville City Council to demand Black representation on the\n boards of city agencies and the end of segregation. In August\n 1962, with the help of Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) lawyer Len W. Holt, Campbell, Dunlap, Adams, and Chase filed the Danville\n Omnibus Integration Suit in federal court. The suit called\n for the integration of Danville's hospitals, schools,\n cemeteries, public buildings, public housing projects,\n teaching assignments, and city employment opportunities. On\n January 1, 1963, Dunlap, Chase, Campbell, Adams, and Pinchback\n were arrested at a segregated Howard Johnson's restaurant for\n trespassing after refusing to leave when the manager asked\n them to do so. In March, Martin Luther King, Jr., spoke at a\n meeting of the Danville SCLC.\u003c/p\u003e\n ","\u003cp\u003eOn May 31, the Danville civil rights demonstrations began\n peacefully and ended without incident. Police did not make any\n arrests and the local press ignored the demonstration. The\n majority of the demonstrators were teenagers led by Thurman\n Echols and Ezell Barksdale. On June 5, the demonstrators\n changed tactics as the participants marched into City Hall and occupied the city manger's office, and the next day jointly impeded traffic by sitting down in the middle of a busy city street. Judge Archibald M. Aiken, Jr., judge\n of the Danville Corporation Court, was summoned by police to\n the scene and commanded the demonstrators to disperse. The\n demonstrators, however, refused, prompting Aiken to issue a\n temporary injunction that ordered the\n demonstrators to desist from, among other things, assembling\n in an unlawful manner, interfering with traffic and business,\n obstructing entrances to businesses and public buildings,\n participating and inciting \"mob violence,\" and using loud\n language that disrupts the peace. The injunction, made\n permanent a few weeks later, formed the basis for many of the\n arrests made that summer.\u003c/p\u003e\n ","\u003cp\u003eIn addition to the injunction, Danville officials used other methods\n to quell the demonstrations. A special grand jury, convened by\n Aiken, indicted the demonstration leaders on June 7 under the 1859 statute called the \"John Brown's Law,\" that made inciting\n \"the colored population to acts of violence or war against the\n white population\" illegal. This set the bond for the leaders at $5,000 each. In mid-June and early July, the\n Danville city council, under the leadership of councilman John\n W. Carter, an attorney and staunch segregationist, adopted two\n ordinances designed to limit the demonstrations. One limited\n the size, place, and time of demonstrations and the other\n required a permit to parade.\u003c/p\u003e\n ","\u003cp\u003eDespite Aiken's and the city council's attempts, the\n demonstrations continued. Civil rights activists from the\n SNCC and the\n Congress of Racial Equality (CORE), including field\n secretaries Bob Zellner, Ivanhoe Donaldson, Avon Rollins, and\n Daniel Foss (SNCC), and Bruce Baines and Claudia Edwards (CORE) arrived in Danville to participate in the demonstrations.\n Civil rights lawyers affiliated with the National Lawyer's\n Guild and the NAACP, including William M. Kunstler, Dean Robb,\n Nathan Conyers, and Samuel W. Tuckers, also arrived in\n Danville to help represent the demonstrators. On June 10,\n after a full day of protests, the police and deputized city workers, with nightsticks and\n fire hoses, attacked a group of Black community members holding a vigil for individuals detained in the city jail. Forty-seven of the fifty or so people in attendance required medical\n attention. The next day, July 11, Martin Luther King, Jr., visited Danville in a show of support for the demonstrators, although he decided to not hold a march during the appearance.\u003c/p\u003e\n ","\u003cp\u003eThe demonstrations continued, however, and by mid-July over\n 250 people had been arrested on charges of contempt,\n trespassing, disorderly conduct, assault, parading without a\n permit, and resisting arrest. When parents\n went to the jail to post bail for their children, some of them were arrested and charged with\n contributing to the delinquency of a minor by not providing\n adequate supervision.\u003c/p\u003e\n ","\u003cp\u003eThe defense lawyers, including Len W. Holt, Ruth L. Harvey,\n Jerry Williams, and Harry I. Wood, in addition to those from\n the National Lawyer's Guild and the NAACP, attempted to remove\n the cases from the corporation court to federal court, but to\n no avail. Each defendant demanded an individual trial causing\n the corporation court's dockets to be filled to such an extent\n that no cases other than the demonstrator's could not be\n heard. The prosecutor requested a change of venue to alleviate\n the crowded docket and Aiken transferred about 124 cases to\n other courts throughout Virginia. This posed signigicant financial stress on many of the defendants who were then required to travel to a different court. In some cases, more than a hundred miles distant.\u003c/p\u003e\n ","\u003cp\u003eThe defense lawyers again sought an order from the federal\n courts to stay all arrests, trials, and other proceedings for\n violation of the injunction and city ordinance. On August 8,\n the Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals halted these trials\n pending the outcome of the appeal. Judge Aiken, however,\n continued hearing the cases for disorderly conduct, parading\n without a permit, resisting arrest, and trespassing. He\n generally sentenced the guilty parties to two to five days in\n jail and a fine, suspending execution of the sentences pending\n an appeal. In September, defense counsel agreed to consolidate\n the cases and Aiken rescinded his orders for change of\n venue.\u003c/p\u003e\n ","\u003cp\u003eBy mid-August, the demonstrations had largely waned due to\n Danville's unwillingness to yield to the protests. A year\n later, the Fourth Circuit Court of Appeal dissolved the\n injunction, but, by a 3-2 margin and with a strong dissent,\n declared Aiken's injunction constitutional. Moreover, the\n cases were remanded to the corporation court where the\n Virginia Supreme Court of Appeals could hear the necessary\n appeals. The United States Supreme Court upheld the decision\n by a five-four margin.\u003c/p\u003e\n ","\u003cp\u003eIn December 1966, Judge Aiken resumed the trials of those\n who violated his injunction. The trials proceeded quickly.\n Aiken did not find all the defendants guilty and dismissed\n some cases for lack of evidence. The usual sentence was eight\n days in jail and a fine of twenty dollars. The demonstration\n leaders received the stiffest penalties with Rev. Lawrence G.\n Campbell receiving the worst, being sentenced 250 days in jail\n and a $2,500 fine.\u003c/p\u003e\n ","\u003cp\u003eIn early 1967, the Virginia Supreme Court began deciding\n the first of the appeals from the Danville Corporation Court.\n In Thomas v. City of Danville, the Court ruled Judge Aiken's\n injunction constitutional. In York v. City of Danville, they\n ruled that a parade can be subject to \"reasonable and\n nondiscriminatory regulation,\" but that the city's time\n requirement for applying for a permit was too harsh. In 1970,\n the Court ruled in Rollins v. Commonwealth that the state must\n prove that a defendant not named in the injunction had\n knowledge of the injunction before violating its orders. In\n January 1973, the Supreme Court of Appeals heard the last of\n the cases associated with the demonstrations and requested\n that the Commonwealth's Attorney for Danville review the cases\n under appeal in light of the court's previous rulings. As a\n result, the Court overturned the convictions of almost 270\n people. However, the Court upheld the convictions of those\n named in the injunction and for trespassing, obstructing\n traffic, and illegal picketing.\u003c/p\u003e\n ","\u003cp\u003eOn February 9, 1973, the court proceedings involving the\n Danville demonstrations of 1963 came to end. Judge Glynn R.\n Phillips, Jr., of Clintwood was assigned to hear the defense\n motion to suspend the jail sentences and fines of those whose\n convictions had been upheld. Judge Aiken died in 1971, and\n the new Danville Corporation Court judge had recused\n himself. Against the prosecutor's objections, Judge Phillips\n suspended the jail sentences on condition of good behavior for\n two years, but ordered payment of fines that totaled more than\n $5,000.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eLocality History:\u003c/emph\u003e Danville (Va.), in Pittsylvania County, was named for the Dan River on which the city is located. Danville was established in 1793, was incorporated as a town in 1830, and became a city in 1890. The town of North Danville, incorporated in 1877 and renamed Neopolis in 1894, was added in 1896. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Context for Records: The summer of 1963 witnessed a wave of civil rights\n demonstrations throughout the nation. In Danville, Virginia,\n the leaders of the Danville Christian Progressive Association (DCPA), an affiliate of the Southern Christian Leadership\n Conference (SCLC), organized a series of protests. Rev. Lawrence G.\n Campbell, Rev. Alexander I. Dunlap, Julius E. Adams, and\n Arthur Pinchback, Jr., believing that the Danville NAACP under the\n leadership of Doyle Thomas was too conservative, had founded\n the DCPA in 1960. These men, along with Rev. Lendall\n W. Chase, president of the Danville SCLC, took the lead in\n promoting civil rights in Danville, a city deep in Virginia's\n Black Belt with decades of systemic racism shaped by Jim Crow era polcies and therefore strong in segregationist sentiment.","Throughout 1962, the leaders repeatedly appeared before the\n Danville City Council to demand Black representation on the\n boards of city agencies and the end of segregation. In August\n 1962, with the help of Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) lawyer Len W. Holt, Campbell, Dunlap, Adams, and Chase filed the Danville\n Omnibus Integration Suit in federal court. The suit called\n for the integration of Danville's hospitals, schools,\n cemeteries, public buildings, public housing projects,\n teaching assignments, and city employment opportunities. On\n January 1, 1963, Dunlap, Chase, Campbell, Adams, and Pinchback\n were arrested at a segregated Howard Johnson's restaurant for\n trespassing after refusing to leave when the manager asked\n them to do so. In March, Martin Luther King, Jr., spoke at a\n meeting of the Danville SCLC.","On May 31, the Danville civil rights demonstrations began\n peacefully and ended without incident. Police did not make any\n arrests and the local press ignored the demonstration. The\n majority of the demonstrators were teenagers led by Thurman\n Echols and Ezell Barksdale. On June 5, the demonstrators\n changed tactics as the participants marched into City Hall and occupied the city manger's office, and the next day jointly impeded traffic by sitting down in the middle of a busy city street. Judge Archibald M. Aiken, Jr., judge\n of the Danville Corporation Court, was summoned by police to\n the scene and commanded the demonstrators to disperse. The\n demonstrators, however, refused, prompting Aiken to issue a\n temporary injunction that ordered the\n demonstrators to desist from, among other things, assembling\n in an unlawful manner, interfering with traffic and business,\n obstructing entrances to businesses and public buildings,\n participating and inciting \"mob violence,\" and using loud\n language that disrupts the peace. The injunction, made\n permanent a few weeks later, formed the basis for many of the\n arrests made that summer.","In addition to the injunction, Danville officials used other methods\n to quell the demonstrations. A special grand jury, convened by\n Aiken, indicted the demonstration leaders on June 7 under the 1859 statute called the \"John Brown's Law,\" that made inciting\n \"the colored population to acts of violence or war against the\n white population\" illegal. This set the bond for the leaders at $5,000 each. In mid-June and early July, the\n Danville city council, under the leadership of councilman John\n W. Carter, an attorney and staunch segregationist, adopted two\n ordinances designed to limit the demonstrations. One limited\n the size, place, and time of demonstrations and the other\n required a permit to parade.","Despite Aiken's and the city council's attempts, the\n demonstrations continued. Civil rights activists from the\n SNCC and the\n Congress of Racial Equality (CORE), including field\n secretaries Bob Zellner, Ivanhoe Donaldson, Avon Rollins, and\n Daniel Foss (SNCC), and Bruce Baines and Claudia Edwards (CORE) arrived in Danville to participate in the demonstrations.\n Civil rights lawyers affiliated with the National Lawyer's\n Guild and the NAACP, including William M. Kunstler, Dean Robb,\n Nathan Conyers, and Samuel W. Tuckers, also arrived in\n Danville to help represent the demonstrators. On June 10,\n after a full day of protests, the police and deputized city workers, with nightsticks and\n fire hoses, attacked a group of Black community members holding a vigil for individuals detained in the city jail. Forty-seven of the fifty or so people in attendance required medical\n attention. The next day, July 11, Martin Luther King, Jr., visited Danville in a show of support for the demonstrators, although he decided to not hold a march during the appearance.","The demonstrations continued, however, and by mid-July over\n 250 people had been arrested on charges of contempt,\n trespassing, disorderly conduct, assault, parading without a\n permit, and resisting arrest. When parents\n went to the jail to post bail for their children, some of them were arrested and charged with\n contributing to the delinquency of a minor by not providing\n adequate supervision.","The defense lawyers, including Len W. Holt, Ruth L. Harvey,\n Jerry Williams, and Harry I. Wood, in addition to those from\n the National Lawyer's Guild and the NAACP, attempted to remove\n the cases from the corporation court to federal court, but to\n no avail. Each defendant demanded an individual trial causing\n the corporation court's dockets to be filled to such an extent\n that no cases other than the demonstrator's could not be\n heard. The prosecutor requested a change of venue to alleviate\n the crowded docket and Aiken transferred about 124 cases to\n other courts throughout Virginia. This posed signigicant financial stress on many of the defendants who were then required to travel to a different court. In some cases, more than a hundred miles distant.","The defense lawyers again sought an order from the federal\n courts to stay all arrests, trials, and other proceedings for\n violation of the injunction and city ordinance. On August 8,\n the Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals halted these trials\n pending the outcome of the appeal. Judge Aiken, however,\n continued hearing the cases for disorderly conduct, parading\n without a permit, resisting arrest, and trespassing. He\n generally sentenced the guilty parties to two to five days in\n jail and a fine, suspending execution of the sentences pending\n an appeal. In September, defense counsel agreed to consolidate\n the cases and Aiken rescinded his orders for change of\n venue.","By mid-August, the demonstrations had largely waned due to\n Danville's unwillingness to yield to the protests. A year\n later, the Fourth Circuit Court of Appeal dissolved the\n injunction, but, by a 3-2 margin and with a strong dissent,\n declared Aiken's injunction constitutional. Moreover, the\n cases were remanded to the corporation court where the\n Virginia Supreme Court of Appeals could hear the necessary\n appeals. The United States Supreme Court upheld the decision\n by a five-four margin.","In December 1966, Judge Aiken resumed the trials of those\n who violated his injunction. The trials proceeded quickly.\n Aiken did not find all the defendants guilty and dismissed\n some cases for lack of evidence. The usual sentence was eight\n days in jail and a fine of twenty dollars. The demonstration\n leaders received the stiffest penalties with Rev. Lawrence G.\n Campbell receiving the worst, being sentenced 250 days in jail\n and a $2,500 fine.","In early 1967, the Virginia Supreme Court began deciding\n the first of the appeals from the Danville Corporation Court.\n In Thomas v. City of Danville, the Court ruled Judge Aiken's\n injunction constitutional. In York v. City of Danville, they\n ruled that a parade can be subject to \"reasonable and\n nondiscriminatory regulation,\" but that the city's time\n requirement for applying for a permit was too harsh. In 1970,\n the Court ruled in Rollins v. Commonwealth that the state must\n prove that a defendant not named in the injunction had\n knowledge of the injunction before violating its orders. In\n January 1973, the Supreme Court of Appeals heard the last of\n the cases associated with the demonstrations and requested\n that the Commonwealth's Attorney for Danville review the cases\n under appeal in light of the court's previous rulings. As a\n result, the Court overturned the convictions of almost 270\n people. However, the Court upheld the convictions of those\n named in the injunction and for trespassing, obstructing\n traffic, and illegal picketing.","On February 9, 1973, the court proceedings involving the\n Danville demonstrations of 1963 came to end. Judge Glynn R.\n Phillips, Jr., of Clintwood was assigned to hear the defense\n motion to suspend the jail sentences and fines of those whose\n convictions had been upheld. Judge Aiken died in 1971, and\n the new Danville Corporation Court judge had recused\n himself. Against the prosecutor's objections, Judge Phillips\n suspended the jail sentences on condition of good behavior for\n two years, but ordered payment of fines that totaled more than\n $5,000.","Locality History: Danville (Va.), in Pittsylvania County, was named for the Dan River on which the city is located. Danville was established in 1793, was incorporated as a town in 1830, and became a city in 1890. The town of North Danville, incorporated in 1877 and renamed Neopolis in 1894, was added in 1896."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDanville (Va.) Civil Rights Case Files, 1963-1973, consists of\n court papers and legal files relating to the 1963 Civil Rights\n demonstrations in Danville. These files include bills of\n particulars, bond records, correspondence, court dockets,\n court orders, Dictabelts, evidence, judgments, petitions,\n photographs, receipts, subpoenas, and transcripts of testimony\n that document the legal aspects of the demonstrations from the\n Danville Corporation Court to the Virginia Supreme Court of\n Appeals.\u003c/p\u003e\n "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content Information"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Danville (Va.) Civil Rights Case Files, 1963-1973, consists of\n court papers and legal files relating to the 1963 Civil Rights\n demonstrations in Danville. These files include bills of\n particulars, bond records, correspondence, court dockets,\n court orders, Dictabelts, evidence, judgments, petitions,\n photographs, receipts, subpoenas, and transcripts of testimony\n that document the legal aspects of the demonstrations from the\n Danville Corporation Court to the Virginia Supreme Court of\n Appeals."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Physical Location\"\u003eLibrary of Virginia\u003c/physloc\u003e\n "],"physloc_tesim":["Library of Virginia"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":486,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:07:49.919Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi00037","ead_ssi":"vi_vi00037","_root_":"vi_vi00037","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi00037","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi00037.xml","title_ssm":["Danville (Va.) Civil Rights Case\n Files, 1963-1973"],"title_tesim":["Danville (Va.) Civil Rights Case\n Files, 1963-1973"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Danville (Va.) Civil Rights Case\n Files, 1963-1973"],"text":["Danville (Va.) Civil Rights Case\n Files, 1963-1973","38099","Digital images and audio files","This collection is arranged into the following series:\n\n\nSeries I: Individual Case Files, A-Z individual files of persons arrested during the civil rights demonstrations of 1963. \nSeries II: Howard Johnson Trespassing Case, 1963, concerning the trial for those arrested for trespassing on January 1, 1963 at the Howard Johnson restaurant on Route 29 south of Danville. \nSeries III:Correspondence, 1963-1967 of clerk of the Danville Corporation Court and clerk of the Virginia Supreme Court of Appeals. \nSeries IV: Corporation Court Dockets,1963-1967 related to the demonstration cases. \nSeries V: Court Orders, 1963-1973 issued by the Danville Corporation Court and U.S. District Court, Western District of Virginia. \nSeries VI: Evidence, 1963 used in various cases. \nSeries VII: Notes, undated concerning cases and sentencing. \nSeries VIII: Petitions, 1963 Petition for Removal filed with the court. \nSeries IX: Receipts bonds and court costs related to various charges. \nSeries X: Special Grand Jury, 1963 indictments and subpoenas concerning \"John Brown's Law.\" \nSeries XI: Transcripts, 1963 transcripts of testimony in various cases.\nSeries XII: Virginia Supreme Court of Appeals, 1965-1972.\n decisions handed down by the court of appeals.\nSeries XIII: Dictabelt Records, 1966-1973 audio records of various cases heard in the Danville Corporation Court.","Context for Records: The summer of 1963 witnessed a wave of civil rights\n demonstrations throughout the nation. In Danville, Virginia,\n the leaders of the Danville Christian Progressive Association (DCPA), an affiliate of the Southern Christian Leadership\n Conference (SCLC), organized a series of protests. Rev. Lawrence G.\n Campbell, Rev. Alexander I. Dunlap, Julius E. Adams, and\n Arthur Pinchback, Jr., believing that the Danville NAACP under the\n leadership of Doyle Thomas was too conservative, had founded\n the DCPA in 1960. These men, along with Rev. Lendall\n W. Chase, president of the Danville SCLC, took the lead in\n promoting civil rights in Danville, a city deep in Virginia's\n Black Belt with decades of systemic racism shaped by Jim Crow era polcies and therefore strong in segregationist sentiment.","Throughout 1962, the leaders repeatedly appeared before the\n Danville City Council to demand Black representation on the\n boards of city agencies and the end of segregation. In August\n 1962, with the help of Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) lawyer Len W. Holt, Campbell, Dunlap, Adams, and Chase filed the Danville\n Omnibus Integration Suit in federal court. The suit called\n for the integration of Danville's hospitals, schools,\n cemeteries, public buildings, public housing projects,\n teaching assignments, and city employment opportunities. On\n January 1, 1963, Dunlap, Chase, Campbell, Adams, and Pinchback\n were arrested at a segregated Howard Johnson's restaurant for\n trespassing after refusing to leave when the manager asked\n them to do so. In March, Martin Luther King, Jr., spoke at a\n meeting of the Danville SCLC.","On May 31, the Danville civil rights demonstrations began\n peacefully and ended without incident. Police did not make any\n arrests and the local press ignored the demonstration. The\n majority of the demonstrators were teenagers led by Thurman\n Echols and Ezell Barksdale. On June 5, the demonstrators\n changed tactics as the participants marched into City Hall and occupied the city manger's office, and the next day jointly impeded traffic by sitting down in the middle of a busy city street. Judge Archibald M. Aiken, Jr., judge\n of the Danville Corporation Court, was summoned by police to\n the scene and commanded the demonstrators to disperse. The\n demonstrators, however, refused, prompting Aiken to issue a\n temporary injunction that ordered the\n demonstrators to desist from, among other things, assembling\n in an unlawful manner, interfering with traffic and business,\n obstructing entrances to businesses and public buildings,\n participating and inciting \"mob violence,\" and using loud\n language that disrupts the peace. The injunction, made\n permanent a few weeks later, formed the basis for many of the\n arrests made that summer.","In addition to the injunction, Danville officials used other methods\n to quell the demonstrations. A special grand jury, convened by\n Aiken, indicted the demonstration leaders on June 7 under the 1859 statute called the \"John Brown's Law,\" that made inciting\n \"the colored population to acts of violence or war against the\n white population\" illegal. This set the bond for the leaders at $5,000 each. In mid-June and early July, the\n Danville city council, under the leadership of councilman John\n W. Carter, an attorney and staunch segregationist, adopted two\n ordinances designed to limit the demonstrations. One limited\n the size, place, and time of demonstrations and the other\n required a permit to parade.","Despite Aiken's and the city council's attempts, the\n demonstrations continued. Civil rights activists from the\n SNCC and the\n Congress of Racial Equality (CORE), including field\n secretaries Bob Zellner, Ivanhoe Donaldson, Avon Rollins, and\n Daniel Foss (SNCC), and Bruce Baines and Claudia Edwards (CORE) arrived in Danville to participate in the demonstrations.\n Civil rights lawyers affiliated with the National Lawyer's\n Guild and the NAACP, including William M. Kunstler, Dean Robb,\n Nathan Conyers, and Samuel W. Tuckers, also arrived in\n Danville to help represent the demonstrators. On June 10,\n after a full day of protests, the police and deputized city workers, with nightsticks and\n fire hoses, attacked a group of Black community members holding a vigil for individuals detained in the city jail. Forty-seven of the fifty or so people in attendance required medical\n attention. The next day, July 11, Martin Luther King, Jr., visited Danville in a show of support for the demonstrators, although he decided to not hold a march during the appearance.","The demonstrations continued, however, and by mid-July over\n 250 people had been arrested on charges of contempt,\n trespassing, disorderly conduct, assault, parading without a\n permit, and resisting arrest. When parents\n went to the jail to post bail for their children, some of them were arrested and charged with\n contributing to the delinquency of a minor by not providing\n adequate supervision.","The defense lawyers, including Len W. Holt, Ruth L. Harvey,\n Jerry Williams, and Harry I. Wood, in addition to those from\n the National Lawyer's Guild and the NAACP, attempted to remove\n the cases from the corporation court to federal court, but to\n no avail. Each defendant demanded an individual trial causing\n the corporation court's dockets to be filled to such an extent\n that no cases other than the demonstrator's could not be\n heard. The prosecutor requested a change of venue to alleviate\n the crowded docket and Aiken transferred about 124 cases to\n other courts throughout Virginia. This posed signigicant financial stress on many of the defendants who were then required to travel to a different court. In some cases, more than a hundred miles distant.","The defense lawyers again sought an order from the federal\n courts to stay all arrests, trials, and other proceedings for\n violation of the injunction and city ordinance. On August 8,\n the Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals halted these trials\n pending the outcome of the appeal. Judge Aiken, however,\n continued hearing the cases for disorderly conduct, parading\n without a permit, resisting arrest, and trespassing. He\n generally sentenced the guilty parties to two to five days in\n jail and a fine, suspending execution of the sentences pending\n an appeal. In September, defense counsel agreed to consolidate\n the cases and Aiken rescinded his orders for change of\n venue.","By mid-August, the demonstrations had largely waned due to\n Danville's unwillingness to yield to the protests. A year\n later, the Fourth Circuit Court of Appeal dissolved the\n injunction, but, by a 3-2 margin and with a strong dissent,\n declared Aiken's injunction constitutional. Moreover, the\n cases were remanded to the corporation court where the\n Virginia Supreme Court of Appeals could hear the necessary\n appeals. The United States Supreme Court upheld the decision\n by a five-four margin.","In December 1966, Judge Aiken resumed the trials of those\n who violated his injunction. The trials proceeded quickly.\n Aiken did not find all the defendants guilty and dismissed\n some cases for lack of evidence. The usual sentence was eight\n days in jail and a fine of twenty dollars. The demonstration\n leaders received the stiffest penalties with Rev. Lawrence G.\n Campbell receiving the worst, being sentenced 250 days in jail\n and a $2,500 fine.","In early 1967, the Virginia Supreme Court began deciding\n the first of the appeals from the Danville Corporation Court.\n In Thomas v. City of Danville, the Court ruled Judge Aiken's\n injunction constitutional. In York v. City of Danville, they\n ruled that a parade can be subject to \"reasonable and\n nondiscriminatory regulation,\" but that the city's time\n requirement for applying for a permit was too harsh. In 1970,\n the Court ruled in Rollins v. Commonwealth that the state must\n prove that a defendant not named in the injunction had\n knowledge of the injunction before violating its orders. In\n January 1973, the Supreme Court of Appeals heard the last of\n the cases associated with the demonstrations and requested\n that the Commonwealth's Attorney for Danville review the cases\n under appeal in light of the court's previous rulings. As a\n result, the Court overturned the convictions of almost 270\n people. However, the Court upheld the convictions of those\n named in the injunction and for trespassing, obstructing\n traffic, and illegal picketing.","On February 9, 1973, the court proceedings involving the\n Danville demonstrations of 1963 came to end. Judge Glynn R.\n Phillips, Jr., of Clintwood was assigned to hear the defense\n motion to suspend the jail sentences and fines of those whose\n convictions had been upheld. Judge Aiken died in 1971, and\n the new Danville Corporation Court judge had recused\n himself. Against the prosecutor's objections, Judge Phillips\n suspended the jail sentences on condition of good behavior for\n two years, but ordered payment of fines that totaled more than\n $5,000.","Locality History: Danville (Va.), in Pittsylvania County, was named for the Dan River on which the city is located. Danville was established in 1793, was incorporated as a town in 1830, and became a city in 1890. The town of North Danville, incorporated in 1877 and renamed Neopolis in 1894, was added in 1896.","Danville (Va.) Civil Rights Case Files, 1963-1973, consists of\n court papers and legal files relating to the 1963 Civil Rights\n demonstrations in Danville. These files include bills of\n particulars, bond records, correspondence, court dockets,\n court orders, Dictabelts, evidence, judgments, petitions,\n photographs, receipts, subpoenas, and transcripts of testimony\n that document the legal aspects of the demonstrations from the\n Danville Corporation Court to the Virginia Supreme Court of\n Appeals.","Library of Virginia","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Danville (Va.) Civil Rights Case\n Files, 1963-1973"],"collection_ssim":["Danville (Va.) Civil Rights Case\n Files, 1963-1973"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["38099"],"unitid_tesim":["38099"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Records lent for microfilming and digital duplication by\n Danville, Virginia Circuit Court, 17 August 1999 under accession 38099.","Digital images made by Backstage in 2021 from the 1999 microfilm. CDs of the original Dictabelt audio recordings of the trials were also converted in 2021."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["Digital images and audio files"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged into the following series:\n\n\u003clist type=\"simple\"\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries I: Individual Case Files, A-Z\u003c/emph\u003e individual files of persons arrested during the civil rights demonstrations of 1963. \u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries II: Howard Johnson Trespassing Case, 1963,\u003c/emph\u003e concerning the trial for those arrested for trespassing on January 1, 1963 at the Howard Johnson restaurant on Route 29 south of Danville. \u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries III:Correspondence, 1963-1967 \u003c/emph\u003e of clerk of the Danville Corporation Court and clerk of the Virginia Supreme Court of Appeals. \u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries IV: Corporation Court Dockets,1963-1967 \u003c/emph\u003e related to the demonstration cases. \u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries V: Court Orders, 1963-1973 \u003c/emph\u003e issued by the Danville Corporation Court and U.S. District Court, Western District of Virginia. \u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries VI: Evidence, 1963 \u003c/emph\u003e used in various cases. \u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries VII: Notes, undated \u003c/emph\u003e concerning cases and sentencing. \u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries VIII: Petitions, 1963 \u003c/emph\u003e Petition for Removal filed with the court. \u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries IX: Receipts \u003c/emph\u003e bonds and court costs related to various charges. \u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries X: Special Grand Jury, 1963 \u003c/emph\u003e indictments and subpoenas concerning \"John Brown's Law.\" \u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries XI: Transcripts, 1963 \u003c/emph\u003e transcripts of testimony in various cases.\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries XII: Virginia Supreme Court of Appeals, 1965-1972.\n \u003c/emph\u003e decisions handed down by the court of appeals.\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries XIII: Dictabelt Records, 1966-1973\u003c/emph\u003e audio records of various cases heard in the Danville Corporation Court.\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003c/list\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged into the following series:\n\n\nSeries I: Individual Case Files, A-Z individual files of persons arrested during the civil rights demonstrations of 1963. \nSeries II: Howard Johnson Trespassing Case, 1963, concerning the trial for those arrested for trespassing on January 1, 1963 at the Howard Johnson restaurant on Route 29 south of Danville. \nSeries III:Correspondence, 1963-1967 of clerk of the Danville Corporation Court and clerk of the Virginia Supreme Court of Appeals. \nSeries IV: Corporation Court Dockets,1963-1967 related to the demonstration cases. \nSeries V: Court Orders, 1963-1973 issued by the Danville Corporation Court and U.S. District Court, Western District of Virginia. \nSeries VI: Evidence, 1963 used in various cases. \nSeries VII: Notes, undated concerning cases and sentencing. \nSeries VIII: Petitions, 1963 Petition for Removal filed with the court. \nSeries IX: Receipts bonds and court costs related to various charges. \nSeries X: Special Grand Jury, 1963 indictments and subpoenas concerning \"John Brown's Law.\" \nSeries XI: Transcripts, 1963 transcripts of testimony in various cases.\nSeries XII: Virginia Supreme Court of Appeals, 1965-1972.\n decisions handed down by the court of appeals.\nSeries XIII: Dictabelt Records, 1966-1973 audio records of various cases heard in the Danville Corporation Court."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eContext for Records:\u003c/emph\u003e The summer of 1963 witnessed a wave of civil rights\n demonstrations throughout the nation. In Danville, Virginia,\n the leaders of the Danville Christian Progressive Association (DCPA), an affiliate of the Southern Christian Leadership\n Conference (SCLC), organized a series of protests. Rev. Lawrence G.\n Campbell, Rev. Alexander I. Dunlap, Julius E. Adams, and\n Arthur Pinchback, Jr., believing that the Danville NAACP under the\n leadership of Doyle Thomas was too conservative, had founded\n the DCPA in 1960. These men, along with Rev. Lendall\n W. Chase, president of the Danville SCLC, took the lead in\n promoting civil rights in Danville, a city deep in Virginia's\n Black Belt with decades of systemic racism shaped by Jim Crow era polcies and therefore strong in segregationist sentiment.\u003c/p\u003e\n ","\u003cp\u003eThroughout 1962, the leaders repeatedly appeared before the\n Danville City Council to demand Black representation on the\n boards of city agencies and the end of segregation. In August\n 1962, with the help of Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) lawyer Len W. Holt, Campbell, Dunlap, Adams, and Chase filed the Danville\n Omnibus Integration Suit in federal court. The suit called\n for the integration of Danville's hospitals, schools,\n cemeteries, public buildings, public housing projects,\n teaching assignments, and city employment opportunities. On\n January 1, 1963, Dunlap, Chase, Campbell, Adams, and Pinchback\n were arrested at a segregated Howard Johnson's restaurant for\n trespassing after refusing to leave when the manager asked\n them to do so. In March, Martin Luther King, Jr., spoke at a\n meeting of the Danville SCLC.\u003c/p\u003e\n ","\u003cp\u003eOn May 31, the Danville civil rights demonstrations began\n peacefully and ended without incident. Police did not make any\n arrests and the local press ignored the demonstration. The\n majority of the demonstrators were teenagers led by Thurman\n Echols and Ezell Barksdale. On June 5, the demonstrators\n changed tactics as the participants marched into City Hall and occupied the city manger's office, and the next day jointly impeded traffic by sitting down in the middle of a busy city street. Judge Archibald M. Aiken, Jr., judge\n of the Danville Corporation Court, was summoned by police to\n the scene and commanded the demonstrators to disperse. The\n demonstrators, however, refused, prompting Aiken to issue a\n temporary injunction that ordered the\n demonstrators to desist from, among other things, assembling\n in an unlawful manner, interfering with traffic and business,\n obstructing entrances to businesses and public buildings,\n participating and inciting \"mob violence,\" and using loud\n language that disrupts the peace. The injunction, made\n permanent a few weeks later, formed the basis for many of the\n arrests made that summer.\u003c/p\u003e\n ","\u003cp\u003eIn addition to the injunction, Danville officials used other methods\n to quell the demonstrations. A special grand jury, convened by\n Aiken, indicted the demonstration leaders on June 7 under the 1859 statute called the \"John Brown's Law,\" that made inciting\n \"the colored population to acts of violence or war against the\n white population\" illegal. This set the bond for the leaders at $5,000 each. In mid-June and early July, the\n Danville city council, under the leadership of councilman John\n W. Carter, an attorney and staunch segregationist, adopted two\n ordinances designed to limit the demonstrations. One limited\n the size, place, and time of demonstrations and the other\n required a permit to parade.\u003c/p\u003e\n ","\u003cp\u003eDespite Aiken's and the city council's attempts, the\n demonstrations continued. Civil rights activists from the\n SNCC and the\n Congress of Racial Equality (CORE), including field\n secretaries Bob Zellner, Ivanhoe Donaldson, Avon Rollins, and\n Daniel Foss (SNCC), and Bruce Baines and Claudia Edwards (CORE) arrived in Danville to participate in the demonstrations.\n Civil rights lawyers affiliated with the National Lawyer's\n Guild and the NAACP, including William M. Kunstler, Dean Robb,\n Nathan Conyers, and Samuel W. Tuckers, also arrived in\n Danville to help represent the demonstrators. On June 10,\n after a full day of protests, the police and deputized city workers, with nightsticks and\n fire hoses, attacked a group of Black community members holding a vigil for individuals detained in the city jail. Forty-seven of the fifty or so people in attendance required medical\n attention. The next day, July 11, Martin Luther King, Jr., visited Danville in a show of support for the demonstrators, although he decided to not hold a march during the appearance.\u003c/p\u003e\n ","\u003cp\u003eThe demonstrations continued, however, and by mid-July over\n 250 people had been arrested on charges of contempt,\n trespassing, disorderly conduct, assault, parading without a\n permit, and resisting arrest. When parents\n went to the jail to post bail for their children, some of them were arrested and charged with\n contributing to the delinquency of a minor by not providing\n adequate supervision.\u003c/p\u003e\n ","\u003cp\u003eThe defense lawyers, including Len W. Holt, Ruth L. Harvey,\n Jerry Williams, and Harry I. Wood, in addition to those from\n the National Lawyer's Guild and the NAACP, attempted to remove\n the cases from the corporation court to federal court, but to\n no avail. Each defendant demanded an individual trial causing\n the corporation court's dockets to be filled to such an extent\n that no cases other than the demonstrator's could not be\n heard. The prosecutor requested a change of venue to alleviate\n the crowded docket and Aiken transferred about 124 cases to\n other courts throughout Virginia. This posed signigicant financial stress on many of the defendants who were then required to travel to a different court. In some cases, more than a hundred miles distant.\u003c/p\u003e\n ","\u003cp\u003eThe defense lawyers again sought an order from the federal\n courts to stay all arrests, trials, and other proceedings for\n violation of the injunction and city ordinance. On August 8,\n the Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals halted these trials\n pending the outcome of the appeal. Judge Aiken, however,\n continued hearing the cases for disorderly conduct, parading\n without a permit, resisting arrest, and trespassing. He\n generally sentenced the guilty parties to two to five days in\n jail and a fine, suspending execution of the sentences pending\n an appeal. In September, defense counsel agreed to consolidate\n the cases and Aiken rescinded his orders for change of\n venue.\u003c/p\u003e\n ","\u003cp\u003eBy mid-August, the demonstrations had largely waned due to\n Danville's unwillingness to yield to the protests. A year\n later, the Fourth Circuit Court of Appeal dissolved the\n injunction, but, by a 3-2 margin and with a strong dissent,\n declared Aiken's injunction constitutional. Moreover, the\n cases were remanded to the corporation court where the\n Virginia Supreme Court of Appeals could hear the necessary\n appeals. The United States Supreme Court upheld the decision\n by a five-four margin.\u003c/p\u003e\n ","\u003cp\u003eIn December 1966, Judge Aiken resumed the trials of those\n who violated his injunction. The trials proceeded quickly.\n Aiken did not find all the defendants guilty and dismissed\n some cases for lack of evidence. The usual sentence was eight\n days in jail and a fine of twenty dollars. The demonstration\n leaders received the stiffest penalties with Rev. Lawrence G.\n Campbell receiving the worst, being sentenced 250 days in jail\n and a $2,500 fine.\u003c/p\u003e\n ","\u003cp\u003eIn early 1967, the Virginia Supreme Court began deciding\n the first of the appeals from the Danville Corporation Court.\n In Thomas v. City of Danville, the Court ruled Judge Aiken's\n injunction constitutional. In York v. City of Danville, they\n ruled that a parade can be subject to \"reasonable and\n nondiscriminatory regulation,\" but that the city's time\n requirement for applying for a permit was too harsh. In 1970,\n the Court ruled in Rollins v. Commonwealth that the state must\n prove that a defendant not named in the injunction had\n knowledge of the injunction before violating its orders. In\n January 1973, the Supreme Court of Appeals heard the last of\n the cases associated with the demonstrations and requested\n that the Commonwealth's Attorney for Danville review the cases\n under appeal in light of the court's previous rulings. As a\n result, the Court overturned the convictions of almost 270\n people. However, the Court upheld the convictions of those\n named in the injunction and for trespassing, obstructing\n traffic, and illegal picketing.\u003c/p\u003e\n ","\u003cp\u003eOn February 9, 1973, the court proceedings involving the\n Danville demonstrations of 1963 came to end. Judge Glynn R.\n Phillips, Jr., of Clintwood was assigned to hear the defense\n motion to suspend the jail sentences and fines of those whose\n convictions had been upheld. Judge Aiken died in 1971, and\n the new Danville Corporation Court judge had recused\n himself. Against the prosecutor's objections, Judge Phillips\n suspended the jail sentences on condition of good behavior for\n two years, but ordered payment of fines that totaled more than\n $5,000.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eLocality History:\u003c/emph\u003e Danville (Va.), in Pittsylvania County, was named for the Dan River on which the city is located. Danville was established in 1793, was incorporated as a town in 1830, and became a city in 1890. The town of North Danville, incorporated in 1877 and renamed Neopolis in 1894, was added in 1896. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Context for Records: The summer of 1963 witnessed a wave of civil rights\n demonstrations throughout the nation. In Danville, Virginia,\n the leaders of the Danville Christian Progressive Association (DCPA), an affiliate of the Southern Christian Leadership\n Conference (SCLC), organized a series of protests. Rev. Lawrence G.\n Campbell, Rev. Alexander I. Dunlap, Julius E. Adams, and\n Arthur Pinchback, Jr., believing that the Danville NAACP under the\n leadership of Doyle Thomas was too conservative, had founded\n the DCPA in 1960. These men, along with Rev. Lendall\n W. Chase, president of the Danville SCLC, took the lead in\n promoting civil rights in Danville, a city deep in Virginia's\n Black Belt with decades of systemic racism shaped by Jim Crow era polcies and therefore strong in segregationist sentiment.","Throughout 1962, the leaders repeatedly appeared before the\n Danville City Council to demand Black representation on the\n boards of city agencies and the end of segregation. In August\n 1962, with the help of Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) lawyer Len W. Holt, Campbell, Dunlap, Adams, and Chase filed the Danville\n Omnibus Integration Suit in federal court. The suit called\n for the integration of Danville's hospitals, schools,\n cemeteries, public buildings, public housing projects,\n teaching assignments, and city employment opportunities. On\n January 1, 1963, Dunlap, Chase, Campbell, Adams, and Pinchback\n were arrested at a segregated Howard Johnson's restaurant for\n trespassing after refusing to leave when the manager asked\n them to do so. In March, Martin Luther King, Jr., spoke at a\n meeting of the Danville SCLC.","On May 31, the Danville civil rights demonstrations began\n peacefully and ended without incident. Police did not make any\n arrests and the local press ignored the demonstration. The\n majority of the demonstrators were teenagers led by Thurman\n Echols and Ezell Barksdale. On June 5, the demonstrators\n changed tactics as the participants marched into City Hall and occupied the city manger's office, and the next day jointly impeded traffic by sitting down in the middle of a busy city street. Judge Archibald M. Aiken, Jr., judge\n of the Danville Corporation Court, was summoned by police to\n the scene and commanded the demonstrators to disperse. The\n demonstrators, however, refused, prompting Aiken to issue a\n temporary injunction that ordered the\n demonstrators to desist from, among other things, assembling\n in an unlawful manner, interfering with traffic and business,\n obstructing entrances to businesses and public buildings,\n participating and inciting \"mob violence,\" and using loud\n language that disrupts the peace. The injunction, made\n permanent a few weeks later, formed the basis for many of the\n arrests made that summer.","In addition to the injunction, Danville officials used other methods\n to quell the demonstrations. A special grand jury, convened by\n Aiken, indicted the demonstration leaders on June 7 under the 1859 statute called the \"John Brown's Law,\" that made inciting\n \"the colored population to acts of violence or war against the\n white population\" illegal. This set the bond for the leaders at $5,000 each. In mid-June and early July, the\n Danville city council, under the leadership of councilman John\n W. Carter, an attorney and staunch segregationist, adopted two\n ordinances designed to limit the demonstrations. One limited\n the size, place, and time of demonstrations and the other\n required a permit to parade.","Despite Aiken's and the city council's attempts, the\n demonstrations continued. Civil rights activists from the\n SNCC and the\n Congress of Racial Equality (CORE), including field\n secretaries Bob Zellner, Ivanhoe Donaldson, Avon Rollins, and\n Daniel Foss (SNCC), and Bruce Baines and Claudia Edwards (CORE) arrived in Danville to participate in the demonstrations.\n Civil rights lawyers affiliated with the National Lawyer's\n Guild and the NAACP, including William M. Kunstler, Dean Robb,\n Nathan Conyers, and Samuel W. Tuckers, also arrived in\n Danville to help represent the demonstrators. On June 10,\n after a full day of protests, the police and deputized city workers, with nightsticks and\n fire hoses, attacked a group of Black community members holding a vigil for individuals detained in the city jail. Forty-seven of the fifty or so people in attendance required medical\n attention. The next day, July 11, Martin Luther King, Jr., visited Danville in a show of support for the demonstrators, although he decided to not hold a march during the appearance.","The demonstrations continued, however, and by mid-July over\n 250 people had been arrested on charges of contempt,\n trespassing, disorderly conduct, assault, parading without a\n permit, and resisting arrest. When parents\n went to the jail to post bail for their children, some of them were arrested and charged with\n contributing to the delinquency of a minor by not providing\n adequate supervision.","The defense lawyers, including Len W. Holt, Ruth L. Harvey,\n Jerry Williams, and Harry I. Wood, in addition to those from\n the National Lawyer's Guild and the NAACP, attempted to remove\n the cases from the corporation court to federal court, but to\n no avail. Each defendant demanded an individual trial causing\n the corporation court's dockets to be filled to such an extent\n that no cases other than the demonstrator's could not be\n heard. The prosecutor requested a change of venue to alleviate\n the crowded docket and Aiken transferred about 124 cases to\n other courts throughout Virginia. This posed signigicant financial stress on many of the defendants who were then required to travel to a different court. In some cases, more than a hundred miles distant.","The defense lawyers again sought an order from the federal\n courts to stay all arrests, trials, and other proceedings for\n violation of the injunction and city ordinance. On August 8,\n the Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals halted these trials\n pending the outcome of the appeal. Judge Aiken, however,\n continued hearing the cases for disorderly conduct, parading\n without a permit, resisting arrest, and trespassing. He\n generally sentenced the guilty parties to two to five days in\n jail and a fine, suspending execution of the sentences pending\n an appeal. In September, defense counsel agreed to consolidate\n the cases and Aiken rescinded his orders for change of\n venue.","By mid-August, the demonstrations had largely waned due to\n Danville's unwillingness to yield to the protests. A year\n later, the Fourth Circuit Court of Appeal dissolved the\n injunction, but, by a 3-2 margin and with a strong dissent,\n declared Aiken's injunction constitutional. Moreover, the\n cases were remanded to the corporation court where the\n Virginia Supreme Court of Appeals could hear the necessary\n appeals. The United States Supreme Court upheld the decision\n by a five-four margin.","In December 1966, Judge Aiken resumed the trials of those\n who violated his injunction. The trials proceeded quickly.\n Aiken did not find all the defendants guilty and dismissed\n some cases for lack of evidence. The usual sentence was eight\n days in jail and a fine of twenty dollars. The demonstration\n leaders received the stiffest penalties with Rev. Lawrence G.\n Campbell receiving the worst, being sentenced 250 days in jail\n and a $2,500 fine.","In early 1967, the Virginia Supreme Court began deciding\n the first of the appeals from the Danville Corporation Court.\n In Thomas v. City of Danville, the Court ruled Judge Aiken's\n injunction constitutional. In York v. City of Danville, they\n ruled that a parade can be subject to \"reasonable and\n nondiscriminatory regulation,\" but that the city's time\n requirement for applying for a permit was too harsh. In 1970,\n the Court ruled in Rollins v. Commonwealth that the state must\n prove that a defendant not named in the injunction had\n knowledge of the injunction before violating its orders. In\n January 1973, the Supreme Court of Appeals heard the last of\n the cases associated with the demonstrations and requested\n that the Commonwealth's Attorney for Danville review the cases\n under appeal in light of the court's previous rulings. As a\n result, the Court overturned the convictions of almost 270\n people. However, the Court upheld the convictions of those\n named in the injunction and for trespassing, obstructing\n traffic, and illegal picketing.","On February 9, 1973, the court proceedings involving the\n Danville demonstrations of 1963 came to end. Judge Glynn R.\n Phillips, Jr., of Clintwood was assigned to hear the defense\n motion to suspend the jail sentences and fines of those whose\n convictions had been upheld. Judge Aiken died in 1971, and\n the new Danville Corporation Court judge had recused\n himself. Against the prosecutor's objections, Judge Phillips\n suspended the jail sentences on condition of good behavior for\n two years, but ordered payment of fines that totaled more than\n $5,000.","Locality History: Danville (Va.), in Pittsylvania County, was named for the Dan River on which the city is located. Danville was established in 1793, was incorporated as a town in 1830, and became a city in 1890. The town of North Danville, incorporated in 1877 and renamed Neopolis in 1894, was added in 1896."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDanville (Va.) Civil Rights Case Files, 1963-1973, consists of\n court papers and legal files relating to the 1963 Civil Rights\n demonstrations in Danville. These files include bills of\n particulars, bond records, correspondence, court dockets,\n court orders, Dictabelts, evidence, judgments, petitions,\n photographs, receipts, subpoenas, and transcripts of testimony\n that document the legal aspects of the demonstrations from the\n Danville Corporation Court to the Virginia Supreme Court of\n Appeals.\u003c/p\u003e\n "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content Information"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Danville (Va.) Civil Rights Case Files, 1963-1973, consists of\n court papers and legal files relating to the 1963 Civil Rights\n demonstrations in Danville. These files include bills of\n particulars, bond records, correspondence, court dockets,\n court orders, Dictabelts, evidence, judgments, petitions,\n photographs, receipts, subpoenas, and transcripts of testimony\n that document the legal aspects of the demonstrations from the\n Danville Corporation Court to the Virginia Supreme Court of\n Appeals."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Physical Location\"\u003eLibrary of Virginia\u003c/physloc\u003e\n "],"physloc_tesim":["Library of Virginia"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":486,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:07:49.919Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi00037"}},{"id":"vi_vi03257","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Danville (Va.) Worsham Street Bridge Records, 1927-2009","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi03257#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Danville (Va.) Circuit Court.","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi03257#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eDanville (Va.) Worsham Street Bridge Records, 1927-2009, consist of blueprints, photographs, and a historical report that describe one of the largest open-spandrel reinforced concrete arch bridges designed by Indiana-based engineer Daniel B. Luten, the most prolific designer and builder of concrete bridges in America during the first three decades of the twentieth century. With 10 spans and a total length of 1,151 feet, the bridge represents the later part of the evolution of design for large-scale, multiple-span, open-spandrel reinforced concrete arch bridges that occured in the United States between circa 1910 and 1930. As reflected in its scale, economy, and the speed at which it was constructed, it stands as an important example of that bridge type and period. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi03257#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vi_vi03257","ead_ssi":"vi_vi03257","_root_":"vi_vi03257","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi03257","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi03257.xml","title_ssm":["Danville (Va.) Worsham Street Bridge Records, 1927-2009"],"title_tesim":["Danville (Va.) Worsham Street Bridge Records, 1927-2009"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Danville (Va.) Worsham Street Bridge Records, 1927-2009"],"text":["Danville (Va.) Worsham Street Bridge Records, 1927-2009","1203518","Bridges -- Design and construction.","Bridges -- Maintenance and repair.","Bridges -- Virginia -- Danville.","Causeways -- Virginia -- Danville.","Local government records -- Virginia -- Danville.","Plats (maps) -- Virginia -- Danville.","Reports -- Virginia -- Danville.","Road and Bridge Records -- Virginia -- Danville.",".75 cu. ft. (1 box)","In 1802, Thomas Worsham, a leading citizen of Danville, constructed a toll bridge over the Dan River. Known as the Worsham Street Bridge, it was rebuilt in 1928 by the Atlantic Bridge Company as a way to funnel traffic into Danville's tobacco warehouse district. In 2004, the bridge was closed to traffic and was demolished in 2009.","Danville, in Pittsylvania County, was named for the Dan River on which the city is located. Danville was established in 1793; it was incorporated as a town in 1830 and as a city in 1890.","Danville (Va.) Worsham Street Bridge Records, 1927-2009, consist of blueprints, photographs, and a historical report that describe one of the largest open-spandrel reinforced concrete arch bridges designed by Indiana-based engineer Daniel B. Luten, the most prolific designer and builder of concrete bridges in America during the first three decades of the twentieth century. With 10 spans and a total length of 1,151 feet, the bridge represents the later part of the evolution of design for large-scale, multiple-span, open-spandrel reinforced concrete arch bridges that occured in the United States between circa 1910 and 1930. As reflected in its scale, economy, and the speed at which it was constructed, it stands as an important example of that bridge type and period.","State Records Center - Archives Annex, Library of Virginia","Danville (Va.) Circuit Court.","Luten, Daniel B. (1869-1945)","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Danville (Va.) Worsham Street Bridge Records, 1927-2009"],"collection_ssim":["Danville (Va.) Worsham Street Bridge Records, 1927-2009"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["1203518"],"unitid_tesim":["1203518"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Danville (Va.) Circuit Court."],"creator_ssim":["Danville (Va.) Circuit Court."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Luten, Daniel B. (1869-1945)"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Danville (Va.) Circuit Court."],"creators_ssim":["Luten, Daniel B. (1869-1945)","Danville (Va.) Circuit Court."],"acqinfo_ssim":["These items came to the Library of Virginia under accession number 44872.","The Worsham Street Bridge was recorded in January 2009 by the Louis Berger Group, Inc., Richmond, Virginia, for the Virginia Department of Transportation (VDOT) pursuant to a Memorandum of Agreement among VDOT, the Norfolk District of the U. S. Army Corps of Engineers, the Virginia SHPO, the City of Danville, and the Danville Historical Society (as a concurring party) concerning the demolition of the bridge. Recordation was performed in accordance with the Secretary of the Interior's Standards and Guidelines for Architectural and Engineering Documentation (Federal Register 48[190]:44730-44734; Federal Register 68[139]:43159-43162), and is consistent with Historic American Engineering Record (HAER) guidelines for historical reports."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Bridges -- Design and construction.","Bridges -- Maintenance and repair.","Bridges -- Virginia -- Danville.","Causeways -- Virginia -- Danville.","Local government records -- Virginia -- Danville.","Plats (maps) -- Virginia -- Danville.","Reports -- Virginia -- Danville.","Road and Bridge Records -- Virginia -- Danville."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Bridges -- Design and construction.","Bridges -- Maintenance and repair.","Bridges -- Virginia -- Danville.","Causeways -- Virginia -- Danville.","Local government records -- Virginia -- Danville.","Plats (maps) -- Virginia -- Danville.","Reports -- Virginia -- Danville.","Road and Bridge Records -- Virginia -- Danville."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":[".75 cu. ft. (1 box)"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn 1802, Thomas Worsham, a leading citizen of Danville, constructed a toll bridge over the Dan River. Known as the Worsham Street Bridge, it was rebuilt in 1928 by the Atlantic Bridge Company as a way to funnel traffic into Danville's tobacco warehouse district. In 2004, the bridge was closed to traffic and was demolished in 2009.\u003c/p\u003e\n ","\u003cp\u003eDanville, in Pittsylvania County, was named for the Dan River on which the city is located. Danville was established in 1793; it was incorporated as a town in 1830 and as a city in 1890. \n\u003c/p\u003e\n "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["In 1802, Thomas Worsham, a leading citizen of Danville, constructed a toll bridge over the Dan River. Known as the Worsham Street Bridge, it was rebuilt in 1928 by the Atlantic Bridge Company as a way to funnel traffic into Danville's tobacco warehouse district. In 2004, the bridge was closed to traffic and was demolished in 2009.","Danville, in Pittsylvania County, was named for the Dan River on which the city is located. Danville was established in 1793; it was incorporated as a town in 1830 and as a city in 1890."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDanville (Va.) Worsham Street Bridge Records, 1927-2009, consist of blueprints, photographs, and a historical report that describe one of the largest open-spandrel reinforced concrete arch bridges designed by Indiana-based engineer Daniel B. Luten, the most prolific designer and builder of concrete bridges in America during the first three decades of the twentieth century. With 10 spans and a total length of 1,151 feet, the bridge represents the later part of the evolution of design for large-scale, multiple-span, open-spandrel reinforced concrete arch bridges that occured in the United States between circa 1910 and 1930. As reflected in its scale, economy, and the speed at which it was constructed, it stands as an important example of that bridge type and period.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Danville (Va.) Worsham Street Bridge Records, 1927-2009, consist of blueprints, photographs, and a historical report that describe one of the largest open-spandrel reinforced concrete arch bridges designed by Indiana-based engineer Daniel B. Luten, the most prolific designer and builder of concrete bridges in America during the first three decades of the twentieth century. With 10 spans and a total length of 1,151 feet, the bridge represents the later part of the evolution of design for large-scale, multiple-span, open-spandrel reinforced concrete arch bridges that occured in the United States between circa 1910 and 1930. As reflected in its scale, economy, and the speed at which it was constructed, it stands as an important example of that bridge type and period."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eState Records Center - Archives Annex, Library of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e\n "],"physloc_tesim":["State Records Center - Archives Annex, Library of Virginia"],"corpname_ssim":["Danville (Va.) Circuit Court."],"persname_ssim":["Luten, Daniel B. (1869-1945)"],"names_ssim":["Danville (Va.) Circuit Court.","Luten, Daniel B. (1869-1945)"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:11:22.682Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi03257","ead_ssi":"vi_vi03257","_root_":"vi_vi03257","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi03257","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi03257.xml","title_ssm":["Danville (Va.) Worsham Street Bridge Records, 1927-2009"],"title_tesim":["Danville (Va.) Worsham Street Bridge Records, 1927-2009"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Danville (Va.) Worsham Street Bridge Records, 1927-2009"],"text":["Danville (Va.) Worsham Street Bridge Records, 1927-2009","1203518","Bridges -- Design and construction.","Bridges -- Maintenance and repair.","Bridges -- Virginia -- Danville.","Causeways -- Virginia -- Danville.","Local government records -- Virginia -- Danville.","Plats (maps) -- Virginia -- Danville.","Reports -- Virginia -- Danville.","Road and Bridge Records -- Virginia -- Danville.",".75 cu. ft. (1 box)","In 1802, Thomas Worsham, a leading citizen of Danville, constructed a toll bridge over the Dan River. Known as the Worsham Street Bridge, it was rebuilt in 1928 by the Atlantic Bridge Company as a way to funnel traffic into Danville's tobacco warehouse district. In 2004, the bridge was closed to traffic and was demolished in 2009.","Danville, in Pittsylvania County, was named for the Dan River on which the city is located. Danville was established in 1793; it was incorporated as a town in 1830 and as a city in 1890.","Danville (Va.) Worsham Street Bridge Records, 1927-2009, consist of blueprints, photographs, and a historical report that describe one of the largest open-spandrel reinforced concrete arch bridges designed by Indiana-based engineer Daniel B. Luten, the most prolific designer and builder of concrete bridges in America during the first three decades of the twentieth century. With 10 spans and a total length of 1,151 feet, the bridge represents the later part of the evolution of design for large-scale, multiple-span, open-spandrel reinforced concrete arch bridges that occured in the United States between circa 1910 and 1930. As reflected in its scale, economy, and the speed at which it was constructed, it stands as an important example of that bridge type and period.","State Records Center - Archives Annex, Library of Virginia","Danville (Va.) Circuit Court.","Luten, Daniel B. (1869-1945)","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Danville (Va.) Worsham Street Bridge Records, 1927-2009"],"collection_ssim":["Danville (Va.) Worsham Street Bridge Records, 1927-2009"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["1203518"],"unitid_tesim":["1203518"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Danville (Va.) Circuit Court."],"creator_ssim":["Danville (Va.) Circuit Court."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Luten, Daniel B. (1869-1945)"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Danville (Va.) Circuit Court."],"creators_ssim":["Luten, Daniel B. (1869-1945)","Danville (Va.) Circuit Court."],"acqinfo_ssim":["These items came to the Library of Virginia under accession number 44872.","The Worsham Street Bridge was recorded in January 2009 by the Louis Berger Group, Inc., Richmond, Virginia, for the Virginia Department of Transportation (VDOT) pursuant to a Memorandum of Agreement among VDOT, the Norfolk District of the U. S. Army Corps of Engineers, the Virginia SHPO, the City of Danville, and the Danville Historical Society (as a concurring party) concerning the demolition of the bridge. Recordation was performed in accordance with the Secretary of the Interior's Standards and Guidelines for Architectural and Engineering Documentation (Federal Register 48[190]:44730-44734; Federal Register 68[139]:43159-43162), and is consistent with Historic American Engineering Record (HAER) guidelines for historical reports."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Bridges -- Design and construction.","Bridges -- Maintenance and repair.","Bridges -- Virginia -- Danville.","Causeways -- Virginia -- Danville.","Local government records -- Virginia -- Danville.","Plats (maps) -- Virginia -- Danville.","Reports -- Virginia -- Danville.","Road and Bridge Records -- Virginia -- Danville."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Bridges -- Design and construction.","Bridges -- Maintenance and repair.","Bridges -- Virginia -- Danville.","Causeways -- Virginia -- Danville.","Local government records -- Virginia -- Danville.","Plats (maps) -- Virginia -- Danville.","Reports -- Virginia -- Danville.","Road and Bridge Records -- Virginia -- Danville."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":[".75 cu. ft. (1 box)"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn 1802, Thomas Worsham, a leading citizen of Danville, constructed a toll bridge over the Dan River. Known as the Worsham Street Bridge, it was rebuilt in 1928 by the Atlantic Bridge Company as a way to funnel traffic into Danville's tobacco warehouse district. In 2004, the bridge was closed to traffic and was demolished in 2009.\u003c/p\u003e\n ","\u003cp\u003eDanville, in Pittsylvania County, was named for the Dan River on which the city is located. Danville was established in 1793; it was incorporated as a town in 1830 and as a city in 1890. \n\u003c/p\u003e\n "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["In 1802, Thomas Worsham, a leading citizen of Danville, constructed a toll bridge over the Dan River. Known as the Worsham Street Bridge, it was rebuilt in 1928 by the Atlantic Bridge Company as a way to funnel traffic into Danville's tobacco warehouse district. In 2004, the bridge was closed to traffic and was demolished in 2009.","Danville, in Pittsylvania County, was named for the Dan River on which the city is located. Danville was established in 1793; it was incorporated as a town in 1830 and as a city in 1890."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDanville (Va.) Worsham Street Bridge Records, 1927-2009, consist of blueprints, photographs, and a historical report that describe one of the largest open-spandrel reinforced concrete arch bridges designed by Indiana-based engineer Daniel B. Luten, the most prolific designer and builder of concrete bridges in America during the first three decades of the twentieth century. With 10 spans and a total length of 1,151 feet, the bridge represents the later part of the evolution of design for large-scale, multiple-span, open-spandrel reinforced concrete arch bridges that occured in the United States between circa 1910 and 1930. As reflected in its scale, economy, and the speed at which it was constructed, it stands as an important example of that bridge type and period.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Danville (Va.) Worsham Street Bridge Records, 1927-2009, consist of blueprints, photographs, and a historical report that describe one of the largest open-spandrel reinforced concrete arch bridges designed by Indiana-based engineer Daniel B. Luten, the most prolific designer and builder of concrete bridges in America during the first three decades of the twentieth century. With 10 spans and a total length of 1,151 feet, the bridge represents the later part of the evolution of design for large-scale, multiple-span, open-spandrel reinforced concrete arch bridges that occured in the United States between circa 1910 and 1930. 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