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If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access:"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. 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A return made the same year noted that the list of births and deaths was not complete since many parishes failed to make returns \"for tis a thing so new to the people that neither they care to Register their Births and Burials, nor are the Parish Clerks yet brought into a regular method of transmitting them.\"","The recording of vital statistics continued to be an ecclesiastical function throughout the colonial period. With the disestablishment of the Anglican church after the American Revolution and the rise of other religious denominations, the record-keeping process for vital statistics fell more and more to the individual family. By the mid-nineteenth century, however, medical science began to recognize the advantages of accurate birth and mortality information in controlling and treating communicable diseases. Pressure from local and national health organizations and medical professionals resulted in the passage of vital statistics registration laws. 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A similar act passed in 1659 stated that \"enquiries are often made for persons imported into the collonie, of whose death no positive certificate can be granted for want of registers.\" Few records survive from these early decades.","In 1713, the General Assembly noted that earlier acts had \"for a long time been disused\" and once again directed the recording of births and deaths by the minister or clerk of each parish. A return made the same year noted that the list of births and deaths was not complete since many parishes failed to make returns \"for tis a thing so new to the people that neither they care to Register their Births and Burials, nor are the Parish Clerks yet brought into a regular method of transmitting them.\"","The recording of vital statistics continued to be an ecclesiastical function throughout the colonial period. With the disestablishment of the Anglican church after the American Revolution and the rise of other religious denominations, the record-keeping process for vital statistics fell more and more to the individual family. By the mid-nineteenth century, however, medical science began to recognize the advantages of accurate birth and mortality information in controlling and treating communicable diseases. Pressure from local and national health organizations and medical professionals resulted in the passage of vital statistics registration laws. Virginia was one of the earliest states to pass such a law.","A law requiring the systematic statewide recording of births and deaths was passed by the General Assembly on April 11 1853. Every commissioner of revenue registered births and deaths in his district annually, at the same time personal property subject to taxation was ascertained. The commissioner recorded births and deaths that had occurred prior to 31 December of the preceding year and returned the record to the clerk of court by 1 June. Information was obtained from heads of family, physicians, surgeons, or coroners. The law imposed penalties for failing to furnish or collect the information.","The clerk of court in each locality entered the information supplied by the commissioner into registers and prepared an accompanying alphabetical index. A copy of each register was forwarded to the Auditor of Public Accounts. The law went into effect on 1 July 1853, and continued until 1896, when an economy-conscious legislature repealed the recording provisions.","There was no statewide recording of births and deaths between 1896 and 1912. Several metropolitan areas continued to keep records of births and deaths for all or part of the period between 1896 and 1912. Systematic statewide registration began again in June 1912.","Botetourt County (Va.) Birth and Death Records, 1912-1930 (bulk 1912-1918), consist of birth and death registers.","Information is occasionally missing from the records. If an infant had not been named at the time of birth or death, the entry would record only the surname or note \"Smith, infant.\"","State Records Center - Archives Annex, Library of Virginia","Botetourt County (Va.) Circuit Court","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Botetourt County (Va.) Birth and Death Records, 1912-1930 (bulk 1912-1918)"],"collection_ssim":["Botetourt County (Va.) Birth and Death Records, 1912-1930 (bulk 1912-1918)"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["1044185"],"unitid_tesim":["1044185"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Botetourt County (Va.) Circuit Court"],"creator_ssim":["Botetourt County (Va.) Circuit Court"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Botetourt County (Va.) Circuit Court"],"creators_ssim":["Botetourt County (Va.) 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A return made the same year noted that the list of births and deaths was not complete since many parishes failed to make returns \"for tis a thing so new to the people that neither they care to Register their Births and Burials, nor are the Parish Clerks yet brought into a regular method of transmitting them.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eThe recording of vital statistics continued to be an ecclesiastical function throughout the colonial period. With the disestablishment of the Anglican church after the American Revolution and the rise of other religious denominations, the record-keeping process for vital statistics fell more and more to the individual family. By the mid-nineteenth century, however, medical science began to recognize the advantages of accurate birth and mortality information in controlling and treating communicable diseases. Pressure from local and national health organizations and medical professionals resulted in the passage of vital statistics registration laws. Virginia was one of the earliest states to pass such a law.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eA law requiring the systematic statewide recording of births and deaths was passed by the General Assembly on April 11 1853. Every commissioner of revenue registered births and deaths in his district annually, at the same time personal property subject to taxation was ascertained. The commissioner recorded births and deaths that had occurred prior to 31 December of the preceding year and returned the record to the clerk of court by 1 June. Information was obtained from heads of family, physicians, surgeons, or coroners. The law imposed penalties for failing to furnish or collect the information.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eThe clerk of court in each locality entered the information supplied by the commissioner into registers and prepared an accompanying alphabetical index. A copy of each register was forwarded to the Auditor of Public Accounts. The law went into effect on 1 July 1853, and continued until 1896, when an economy-conscious legislature repealed the recording provisions.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eThere was no statewide recording of births and deaths between 1896 and 1912. Several metropolitan areas continued to keep records of births and deaths for all or part of the period between 1896 and 1912. Systematic statewide registration began again in June 1912.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Botetourt County was named for Norborne Berkeley, baron de Botetourt, the royal governor of Virginia from 1768 to 1770.  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A return made the same year noted that the list of births and deaths was not complete since many parishes failed to make returns \"for tis a thing so new to the people that neither they care to Register their Births and Burials, nor are the Parish Clerks yet brought into a regular method of transmitting them.\"","The recording of vital statistics continued to be an ecclesiastical function throughout the colonial period. With the disestablishment of the Anglican church after the American Revolution and the rise of other religious denominations, the record-keeping process for vital statistics fell more and more to the individual family. By the mid-nineteenth century, however, medical science began to recognize the advantages of accurate birth and mortality information in controlling and treating communicable diseases. Pressure from local and national health organizations and medical professionals resulted in the passage of vital statistics registration laws. Virginia was one of the earliest states to pass such a law.","A law requiring the systematic statewide recording of births and deaths was passed by the General Assembly on April 11 1853. Every commissioner of revenue registered births and deaths in his district annually, at the same time personal property subject to taxation was ascertained. The commissioner recorded births and deaths that had occurred prior to 31 December of the preceding year and returned the record to the clerk of court by 1 June. Information was obtained from heads of family, physicians, surgeons, or coroners. The law imposed penalties for failing to furnish or collect the information.","The clerk of court in each locality entered the information supplied by the commissioner into registers and prepared an accompanying alphabetical index. A copy of each register was forwarded to the Auditor of Public Accounts. The law went into effect on 1 July 1853, and continued until 1896, when an economy-conscious legislature repealed the recording provisions.","There was no statewide recording of births and deaths between 1896 and 1912. Several metropolitan areas continued to keep records of births and deaths for all or part of the period between 1896 and 1912. Systematic statewide registration began again in June 1912."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBotetourt County (Va.) Birth and Death Records, 1912-1930 (bulk 1912-1918), consist of birth and death registers.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eInformation is occasionally missing from the records. If an infant had not been named at the time of birth or death, the entry would record only the surname or note \"Smith, infant.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Botetourt County (Va.) 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Bond, 1770","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi01681#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Botetourt  County (Va.) Circuit Court.","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi01681#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eBotetourt County (Va.) Bond, 1770. Personal bond from Thomas Ray to John Bell pertaining to a dispute among Ray, Bell, and John Grayson. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi01681#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vi_vi01681","ead_ssi":"vi_vi01681","_root_":"vi_vi01681","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi01681","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi01681.xml","title_ssm":["Botetourt County (Va.) Bond, 1770"],"title_tesim":["Botetourt County (Va.) Bond, 1770"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Botetourt County (Va.) Bond, 1770"],"text":["Botetourt County (Va.) Bond, 1770","1138527","Bonds (negotiable instruments)--Virginia--Botetourt County.","Court records--Virginia--Botetourt County.","Local government records--Virginia--Botetourt County.","2 p.","Botetourt County was formed in 1769 from Augusta County. Part of Rockbridge County was added in 1785.","Botetourt County (Va.) Bond, 1770. Personal bond from Thomas Ray to John Bell pertaining to a dispute among Ray, Bell, and John Grayson.","Library of Virginia","Botetourt County (Va.)--Circuit Court.","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Botetourt County (Va.) Bond, 1770"],"collection_ssim":["Botetourt County (Va.) Bond, 1770"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["1138527"],"unitid_tesim":["1138527"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Botetourt  County (Va.) Circuit Court."],"creator_ssim":["Botetourt  County (Va.) 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Part of Rockbridge County was added in 1785."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBotetourt County (Va.) Bond, 1770. Personal bond from Thomas Ray to John Bell pertaining to a dispute among Ray, Bell, and John Grayson.  \n\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Botetourt County (Va.) Bond, 1770. Personal bond from Thomas Ray to John Bell pertaining to a dispute among Ray, Bell, and John Grayson."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eLibrary of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e\n      "],"physloc_tesim":["Library of Virginia"],"corpname_ssim":["Botetourt County (Va.)--Circuit Court."],"names_ssim":["Botetourt County (Va.)--Circuit Court."],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:10:05.867Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi01681","ead_ssi":"vi_vi01681","_root_":"vi_vi01681","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi01681","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi01681.xml","title_ssm":["Botetourt County (Va.) Bond, 1770"],"title_tesim":["Botetourt County (Va.) Bond, 1770"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Botetourt County (Va.) Bond, 1770"],"text":["Botetourt County (Va.) Bond, 1770","1138527","Bonds (negotiable instruments)--Virginia--Botetourt County.","Court records--Virginia--Botetourt County.","Local government records--Virginia--Botetourt County.","2 p.","Botetourt County was formed in 1769 from Augusta County. Part of Rockbridge County was added in 1785.","Botetourt County (Va.) Bond, 1770. Personal bond from Thomas Ray to John Bell pertaining to a dispute among Ray, Bell, and John Grayson.","Library of Virginia","Botetourt County (Va.)--Circuit Court.","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Botetourt County (Va.) Bond, 1770"],"collection_ssim":["Botetourt County (Va.) Bond, 1770"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["1138527"],"unitid_tesim":["1138527"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Botetourt  County (Va.) Circuit Court."],"creator_ssim":["Botetourt  County (Va.) 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Part of Rockbridge County was added in 1785."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBotetourt County (Va.) Bond, 1770. Personal bond from Thomas Ray to John Bell pertaining to a dispute among Ray, Bell, and John Grayson.  \n\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Botetourt County (Va.) Bond, 1770. Personal bond from Thomas Ray to John Bell pertaining to a dispute among Ray, Bell, and John Grayson."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eLibrary of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e\n      "],"physloc_tesim":["Library of Virginia"],"corpname_ssim":["Botetourt County (Va.)--Circuit Court."],"names_ssim":["Botetourt County (Va.)--Circuit Court."],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:10:05.867Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi01681"}},{"id":"vi_vi06171","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Botetourt County (Va.) Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands Records, 1868","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi06171#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Botetourt County (Va.) Circuit Court.","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi06171#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eBotetourt County (Va.) Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands Records, 1868, consist of a letter written to Virginia Governor H. H. Wells by O. Brown regarding the transfer of marriage registers kept by the Bureau to the clerks of the county courts. Due to its impending dissolution, the Bureau sought to rehouse the registers per \"an Act entitled 'an Act for receiving United States Registers of Marriages between colored persons'\" passed in April 1867. In response, Governor Wells instructed the clerks to \"receive such Registers of Marriages...and safely keep the same for future reference and use, as prescribed by the terms of the said Act.\" \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi06171#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vi_vi06171","ead_ssi":"vi_vi06171","_root_":"vi_vi06171","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi06171","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi06171.xml","title_ssm":["Botetourt County (Va.) Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands Records, 1868"],"title_tesim":["Botetourt County (Va.) Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands Records, 1868"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Botetourt County (Va.) Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands Records, 1868"],"text":["Botetourt County (Va.) Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands Records, 1868","This collection is arranged \nSeries I: Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands Records, 1868, arranged chronologically.","Context for Record Type: On March 3, 1865, the federal government created The Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands using the Freedmen's Bureau Bill. Also known as the \"Freedmen's Bureau,\" this agency was responsible for aiding refugees of the Civil War, especially formerly enslaved people in the areas of education, employment, and health care. Meant to last for only one year after the war, the Bureau was largely operational from June 1865 to December 1868. It was officially abolished in 1872.","Locality History: Botetourt County was named for Norborne Berkeley, baron de Botetourt, the royal governor from 1768 to 1770. It was formed from Augusta County in 1769, and a part of Rockbridge County was added in 1785. The county court first met on 13 February 1770. The county seat is Fincastle.","Lost Locality Note: Many of the loose records including pre-1830 chancery and pre-1854 judgments suffered tremendous water damage as a result of a courthouse fire on 15 December 1970. Because of the near loss of records, the General Assembly passed the Virginia Public Records Act in 1975 for the purpose of preserving local records. Volumes that record deeds, court orders, and wills exist.","Botetourt County (Va.) Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands Records, 1868, consist of a letter written to Virginia Governor H. H. Wells by O. Brown regarding the transfer of marriage registers kept by the Bureau to the clerks of the county courts. Due to its impending dissolution, the Bureau sought to rehouse the registers per \"an Act entitled 'an Act for receiving United States Registers of Marriages between colored persons'\" passed in April 1867. In response, Governor Wells instructed the clerks to \"receive such Registers of Marriages...and safely keep the same for future reference and use, as prescribed by the terms of the said Act.\"","Library of Virginia","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Botetourt County (Va.) Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands Records, 1868"],"collection_ssim":["Botetourt County (Va.) Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands Records, 1868"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Botetourt County (Va.) Circuit Court."],"creator_ssim":["Botetourt County (Va.) Circuit Court."],"acqinfo_ssim":["These records came to the Library of Virginia in a transfer of court papers from Botetourt County (Va.) as part of an undated accession."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1 item"],"extent_tesim":["1 item"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged \n\u003clist type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003citem\u003eSeries I: Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands Records, 1868, arranged chronologically.\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003c/list\u003e\n\u003c/p\u003e\n"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged \nSeries I: Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands Records, 1868, arranged chronologically."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eContext for Record Type:\u003c/emph\u003e On March 3, 1865, the federal government created The Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands using the Freedmen's Bureau Bill. Also known as the \"Freedmen's Bureau,\" this agency was responsible for aiding refugees of the Civil War, especially formerly enslaved people in the areas of education, employment, and health care. Meant to last for only one year after the war, the Bureau was largely operational from June 1865 to December 1868. It was officially abolished in 1872. \n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eLocality History:\u003c/emph\u003e Botetourt County was named for Norborne Berkeley, baron de Botetourt, the royal governor from 1768 to 1770. It was formed from Augusta County in 1769, and a part of Rockbridge County was added in 1785. The county court first met on 13 February 1770. The county seat is Fincastle.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eLost Locality Note:\u003c/emph\u003e Many of the loose records including pre-1830 chancery and pre-1854 judgments suffered tremendous water damage as a result of a courthouse fire on 15 December 1970. Because of the near loss of records, the General Assembly passed the Virginia Public Records Act in 1975 for the purpose of preserving local records. Volumes that record deeds, court orders, and wills exist.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Context for Record Type: On March 3, 1865, the federal government created The Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands using the Freedmen's Bureau Bill. Also known as the \"Freedmen's Bureau,\" this agency was responsible for aiding refugees of the Civil War, especially formerly enslaved people in the areas of education, employment, and health care. Meant to last for only one year after the war, the Bureau was largely operational from June 1865 to December 1868. It was officially abolished in 1872.","Locality History: Botetourt County was named for Norborne Berkeley, baron de Botetourt, the royal governor from 1768 to 1770. It was formed from Augusta County in 1769, and a part of Rockbridge County was added in 1785. The county court first met on 13 February 1770. The county seat is Fincastle.","Lost Locality Note: Many of the loose records including pre-1830 chancery and pre-1854 judgments suffered tremendous water damage as a result of a courthouse fire on 15 December 1970. Because of the near loss of records, the General Assembly passed the Virginia Public Records Act in 1975 for the purpose of preserving local records. Volumes that record deeds, court orders, and wills exist."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBotetourt County (Va.) Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands Records, 1868, consist of a letter written to Virginia Governor H. H. Wells by O. Brown regarding the transfer of marriage registers kept by the Bureau to the clerks of the county courts. Due to its impending dissolution, the Bureau sought to rehouse the registers per \"an Act entitled 'an Act for receiving United States Registers of Marriages between colored persons'\" passed in April 1867. In response, Governor Wells instructed the clerks to \"receive such Registers of Marriages...and safely keep the same for future reference and use, as prescribed by the terms of the said Act.\" \n\u003c/p\u003e\n"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Botetourt County (Va.) Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands Records, 1868, consist of a letter written to Virginia Governor H. H. Wells by O. Brown regarding the transfer of marriage registers kept by the Bureau to the clerks of the county courts. Due to its impending dissolution, the Bureau sought to rehouse the registers per \"an Act entitled 'an Act for receiving United States Registers of Marriages between colored persons'\" passed in April 1867. In response, Governor Wells instructed the clerks to \"receive such Registers of Marriages...and safely keep the same for future reference and use, as prescribed by the terms of the said Act.\""],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eLibrary of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e\n"],"physloc_tesim":["Library of Virginia"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":2,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:14:16.524Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi06171","ead_ssi":"vi_vi06171","_root_":"vi_vi06171","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi06171","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi06171.xml","title_ssm":["Botetourt County (Va.) Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands Records, 1868"],"title_tesim":["Botetourt County (Va.) Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands Records, 1868"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Botetourt County (Va.) Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands Records, 1868"],"text":["Botetourt County (Va.) Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands Records, 1868","This collection is arranged \nSeries I: Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands Records, 1868, arranged chronologically.","Context for Record Type: On March 3, 1865, the federal government created The Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands using the Freedmen's Bureau Bill. Also known as the \"Freedmen's Bureau,\" this agency was responsible for aiding refugees of the Civil War, especially formerly enslaved people in the areas of education, employment, and health care. Meant to last for only one year after the war, the Bureau was largely operational from June 1865 to December 1868. It was officially abolished in 1872.","Locality History: Botetourt County was named for Norborne Berkeley, baron de Botetourt, the royal governor from 1768 to 1770. It was formed from Augusta County in 1769, and a part of Rockbridge County was added in 1785. The county court first met on 13 February 1770. The county seat is Fincastle.","Lost Locality Note: Many of the loose records including pre-1830 chancery and pre-1854 judgments suffered tremendous water damage as a result of a courthouse fire on 15 December 1970. Because of the near loss of records, the General Assembly passed the Virginia Public Records Act in 1975 for the purpose of preserving local records. Volumes that record deeds, court orders, and wills exist.","Botetourt County (Va.) Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands Records, 1868, consist of a letter written to Virginia Governor H. H. Wells by O. Brown regarding the transfer of marriage registers kept by the Bureau to the clerks of the county courts. Due to its impending dissolution, the Bureau sought to rehouse the registers per \"an Act entitled 'an Act for receiving United States Registers of Marriages between colored persons'\" passed in April 1867. In response, Governor Wells instructed the clerks to \"receive such Registers of Marriages...and safely keep the same for future reference and use, as prescribed by the terms of the said Act.\"","Library of Virginia","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Botetourt County (Va.) Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands Records, 1868"],"collection_ssim":["Botetourt County (Va.) Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands Records, 1868"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Botetourt County (Va.) Circuit Court."],"creator_ssim":["Botetourt County (Va.) Circuit Court."],"acqinfo_ssim":["These records came to the Library of Virginia in a transfer of court papers from Botetourt County (Va.) as part of an undated accession."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1 item"],"extent_tesim":["1 item"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged \n\u003clist type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003citem\u003eSeries I: Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands Records, 1868, arranged chronologically.\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003c/list\u003e\n\u003c/p\u003e\n"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged \nSeries I: Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands Records, 1868, arranged chronologically."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eContext for Record Type:\u003c/emph\u003e On March 3, 1865, the federal government created The Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands using the Freedmen's Bureau Bill. Also known as the \"Freedmen's Bureau,\" this agency was responsible for aiding refugees of the Civil War, especially formerly enslaved people in the areas of education, employment, and health care. Meant to last for only one year after the war, the Bureau was largely operational from June 1865 to December 1868. It was officially abolished in 1872. \n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eLocality History:\u003c/emph\u003e Botetourt County was named for Norborne Berkeley, baron de Botetourt, the royal governor from 1768 to 1770. It was formed from Augusta County in 1769, and a part of Rockbridge County was added in 1785. The county court first met on 13 February 1770. The county seat is Fincastle.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eLost Locality Note:\u003c/emph\u003e Many of the loose records including pre-1830 chancery and pre-1854 judgments suffered tremendous water damage as a result of a courthouse fire on 15 December 1970. Because of the near loss of records, the General Assembly passed the Virginia Public Records Act in 1975 for the purpose of preserving local records. Volumes that record deeds, court orders, and wills exist.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Context for Record Type: On March 3, 1865, the federal government created The Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands using the Freedmen's Bureau Bill. Also known as the \"Freedmen's Bureau,\" this agency was responsible for aiding refugees of the Civil War, especially formerly enslaved people in the areas of education, employment, and health care. Meant to last for only one year after the war, the Bureau was largely operational from June 1865 to December 1868. It was officially abolished in 1872.","Locality History: Botetourt County was named for Norborne Berkeley, baron de Botetourt, the royal governor from 1768 to 1770. It was formed from Augusta County in 1769, and a part of Rockbridge County was added in 1785. The county court first met on 13 February 1770. The county seat is Fincastle.","Lost Locality Note: Many of the loose records including pre-1830 chancery and pre-1854 judgments suffered tremendous water damage as a result of a courthouse fire on 15 December 1970. Because of the near loss of records, the General Assembly passed the Virginia Public Records Act in 1975 for the purpose of preserving local records. Volumes that record deeds, court orders, and wills exist."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBotetourt County (Va.) Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands Records, 1868, consist of a letter written to Virginia Governor H. H. Wells by O. Brown regarding the transfer of marriage registers kept by the Bureau to the clerks of the county courts. Due to its impending dissolution, the Bureau sought to rehouse the registers per \"an Act entitled 'an Act for receiving United States Registers of Marriages between colored persons'\" passed in April 1867. In response, Governor Wells instructed the clerks to \"receive such Registers of Marriages...and safely keep the same for future reference and use, as prescribed by the terms of the said Act.\" \n\u003c/p\u003e\n"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Botetourt County (Va.) Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands Records, 1868, consist of a letter written to Virginia Governor H. H. Wells by O. Brown regarding the transfer of marriage registers kept by the Bureau to the clerks of the county courts. Due to its impending dissolution, the Bureau sought to rehouse the registers per \"an Act entitled 'an Act for receiving United States Registers of Marriages between colored persons'\" passed in April 1867. In response, Governor Wells instructed the clerks to \"receive such Registers of Marriages...and safely keep the same for future reference and use, as prescribed by the terms of the said Act.\""],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eLibrary of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e\n"],"physloc_tesim":["Library of Virginia"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":2,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:14:16.524Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi06171"}},{"id":"vi_vi05389","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Botetourt County (Va.) Business Records, 1803-1933","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi05389#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Botetourt County (Va.) Circuit Court","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi05389#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eBotetourt County (Va.) Business Records, 1803-1933, are comprised of various records created by individuals and companies in pursuit of documenting business activities in and around Botetourt County (Va.) Represented records consist of bound volumes such as an account ledger, account books, a bank book, a stock ledger and collection book, ledgers, minute books, registers, a sales book, a stock certificate book, letter books, a payroll book, a cashbook, daybooks and sales ledgers. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi05389#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vi_vi05389","ead_ssi":"vi_vi05389","_root_":"vi_vi05389","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi05389","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi05389.xml","title_ssm":["Botetourt County (Va.) Business Records, 1803-1933"],"title_tesim":["Botetourt County (Va.) Business Records, 1803-1933"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Botetourt County (Va.) Business Records, 1803-1933"],"text":["Botetourt County (Va.) Business Records, 1803-1933","This collection is arranged\nSeries I: Benford and Wilson Account Ledger B, 1866-1867\n \nSeries II: McKnight and Galbraith Account Book, 1836-1846\n \nSeries III: Waskey Mills Account Book, 1840-1847\n\nSeries IV: Williams and Woodville Account Books, 1849, 1852-1853, 1861-1870\n\nSeries V: Beckley and Brother Account Book, 1867-1892\n\nSeries VI: Clinton Savings Bank Book, 1853-1860\n\nSeries VII: Farmers Bank Stock Ledger and Collection Record, 1856-1919\n\nSeries VIII: Lybrook, Beckley, and Company Account Book, 1866-1895\n\nSeries IX: John McDowell Ledger No. 3, 1873-1875\n\nSeries X: Joseph Ogilby and Company Account Book, 1860\n\nSeries XI: Salem and New Castle Turnpike Company Minute Book, 1839-1840\n\nSeries XII: Shenandoah Hotel Room Register, 1932-1933\n\nSeries XIII: Smith and Briggs Brass Works Records, 1891-1897\n\nSeries XIV: Unidentified Business Account Book, 1803-1806\n\nSeries XV: Unidentified Business Account Book, 1840-1842\n\nSeries XVI: Unidentified Business Account Book, 1852-1858\n\nSeries XVII: Unidentified Business Cashbook, 1843-1851\n\nSeries XVIII: Unidentified Clothing Store Daybook, 1856-1857\n\nSeries XIX: Unidentified Delivery Business Ledger, 1853-1854\n\nSeries XX: Unidentified General Store Account Book, 1883-1888\n\nSeries XXI: Unidentified General Store Daybook, 1858-1861\n\nSeries XXII: Unidentified General Store Daybook, 1875-1876\n\nSeries XXIII: Unidentified General Store Daybook, 1884-1887\n\nSeries XXIV: Unidentified General Store Sales Ledger, 1872-1873\n\nSeries XXV: Unidentified General Store Sales Ledger, 1873-1874\n\nSeries XXVI: Unidentified Merchant Daybook, 1870\n\nSeries XXVII: Unidentified Merchant Daybook, 1882-1883\n\nSeries XXVIII: Unidentified Mill Account Book, 1850-1852\n\nSeries XXIX: Unidentified Physician Account Book, 1843-1850\n\nSeries XXX: Unidentified Physician Ledger, 1842-1852\n\nSeries XXXI: Western Hotel Ledger, 1856-1857\n\nSeries XXXII: White and Robinson Ledger, 1851-1852\n\nSeries XXXIII: Dr. Charles Williams Account Book, 1854-1865\n\nSeries XXXIV: Zimmerman and Thrasher Account Book, 1858-1859","Context for Record Type: Business Records, both volumes and loose records, are in some cases transferred to the Library of Virginia as components of court record transfers. These business records in some cases were simply stored in the local court building for safe keeping by business owners. In other cases, business records (particularly ledgers, account books, etc.) may have been filed in a court case as an exhibit. These business record exhibits appeared both in chancery causes and in judgments, these records serving as exhibits for business dissolution cases, debt suits, and contract disputes.","Locality History: Botetourt County was named for Norborne Berkeley, baron de Botetourt, the royal governor from 1768 to 1770. It was formed from Augusta County in 1769, and a part of Rockbridge County was added in 1785. The county court first met on 13 February 1770. The county seat is Fincastle. Area: 542.7 square miles. Population: 30,496 (2000), 31,800 (2005 estimate).","Lost Records Locality:  Created by an act of 1769 to take effect on February 13, 1770. Many of the loose records including pre-1830 chancery and pre-1854 judgments suffered tremendous water damage as a result of a courthouse fire on December 15, 1970. Because of the near loss of records, the General Assembly passed the Virginia Public Records Act in 1975 for the purpose of preserving local records. Volumes that record deeds, court orders, and wills exist.","Botetourt County (Va.) Business Records, 1803-1933, are comprised of various records created by individuals and companies in pursuit of documenting business activities in and around Botetourt County (Va.) Represented records consist of bound volumes such as an account ledger, account books, a bank book, a stock ledger and collection book, ledgers, minute books, registers, a sales book, a stock certificate book, letter books, a payroll book, a cashbook, daybooks and sales ledgers.","State Records Center/Library of Virginia","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Botetourt County (Va.) Business Records, 1803-1933"],"collection_ssim":["Botetourt County (Va.) Business Records, 1803-1933"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Botetourt County (Va.) Circuit Court"],"creator_ssim":["Botetourt County (Va.) Circuit Court"],"acqinfo_ssim":["These records came to the Library of Virginia in transfers of court papers from Botetourt County in an undated accession."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["43 volumes"],"extent_tesim":["43 volumes"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged\u003clist type=\"simple\"\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries I: Benford and Wilson Account Ledger B, 1866-1867\n \u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries II: McKnight and Galbraith Account Book, 1836-1846\n \u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries III: Waskey Mills Account Book, 1840-1847\n\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries IV: Williams and Woodville Account Books, 1849, 1852-1853, 1861-1870\n\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries V: Beckley and Brother Account Book, 1867-1892\n\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries VI: Clinton Savings Bank Book, 1853-1860\n\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries VII: Farmers Bank Stock Ledger and Collection Record, 1856-1919\n\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries VIII: Lybrook, Beckley, and Company Account Book, 1866-1895\n\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries IX: John McDowell Ledger No. 3, 1873-1875\n\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries X: Joseph Ogilby and Company Account Book, 1860\n\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries XI: Salem and New Castle Turnpike Company Minute Book, 1839-1840\n\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries XII: Shenandoah Hotel Room Register, 1932-1933\n\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries XIII: Smith and Briggs Brass Works Records, 1891-1897\n\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries XIV: Unidentified Business Account Book, 1803-1806\n\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries XV: Unidentified Business Account Book, 1840-1842\n\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries XVI: Unidentified Business Account Book, 1852-1858\n\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries XVII: Unidentified Business Cashbook, 1843-1851\n\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries XVIII: Unidentified Clothing Store Daybook, 1856-1857\n\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries XIX: Unidentified Delivery Business Ledger, 1853-1854\n\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries XX: Unidentified General Store Account Book, 1883-1888\n\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries XXI: Unidentified General Store Daybook, 1858-1861\n\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries XXII: Unidentified General Store Daybook, 1875-1876\n\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries XXIII: Unidentified General Store Daybook, 1884-1887\n\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries XXIV: Unidentified General Store Sales Ledger, 1872-1873\n\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries XXV: Unidentified General Store Sales Ledger, 1873-1874\n\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries XXVI: Unidentified Merchant Daybook, 1870\n\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries XXVII: Unidentified Merchant Daybook, 1882-1883\n\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries XXVIII: Unidentified Mill Account Book, 1850-1852\n\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries XXIX: Unidentified Physician Account Book, 1843-1850\n\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries XXX: Unidentified Physician Ledger, 1842-1852\n\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries XXXI: Western Hotel Ledger, 1856-1857\n\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries XXXII: White and Robinson Ledger, 1851-1852\n\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries XXXIII: Dr. Charles Williams Account Book, 1854-1865\n\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries XXXIV: Zimmerman and Thrasher Account Book, 1858-1859\n\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003c/list\u003e\n\u003c/p\u003e\n"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged\nSeries I: Benford and Wilson Account Ledger B, 1866-1867\n \nSeries II: McKnight and Galbraith Account Book, 1836-1846\n \nSeries III: Waskey Mills Account Book, 1840-1847\n\nSeries IV: Williams and Woodville Account Books, 1849, 1852-1853, 1861-1870\n\nSeries V: Beckley and Brother Account Book, 1867-1892\n\nSeries VI: Clinton Savings Bank Book, 1853-1860\n\nSeries VII: Farmers Bank Stock Ledger and Collection Record, 1856-1919\n\nSeries VIII: Lybrook, Beckley, and Company Account Book, 1866-1895\n\nSeries IX: John McDowell Ledger No. 3, 1873-1875\n\nSeries X: Joseph Ogilby and Company Account Book, 1860\n\nSeries XI: Salem and New Castle Turnpike Company Minute Book, 1839-1840\n\nSeries XII: Shenandoah Hotel Room Register, 1932-1933\n\nSeries XIII: Smith and Briggs Brass Works Records, 1891-1897\n\nSeries XIV: Unidentified Business Account Book, 1803-1806\n\nSeries XV: Unidentified Business Account Book, 1840-1842\n\nSeries XVI: Unidentified Business Account Book, 1852-1858\n\nSeries XVII: Unidentified Business Cashbook, 1843-1851\n\nSeries XVIII: Unidentified Clothing Store Daybook, 1856-1857\n\nSeries XIX: Unidentified Delivery Business Ledger, 1853-1854\n\nSeries XX: Unidentified General Store Account Book, 1883-1888\n\nSeries XXI: Unidentified General Store Daybook, 1858-1861\n\nSeries XXII: Unidentified General Store Daybook, 1875-1876\n\nSeries XXIII: Unidentified General Store Daybook, 1884-1887\n\nSeries XXIV: Unidentified General Store Sales Ledger, 1872-1873\n\nSeries XXV: Unidentified General Store Sales Ledger, 1873-1874\n\nSeries XXVI: Unidentified Merchant Daybook, 1870\n\nSeries XXVII: Unidentified Merchant Daybook, 1882-1883\n\nSeries XXVIII: Unidentified Mill Account Book, 1850-1852\n\nSeries XXIX: Unidentified Physician Account Book, 1843-1850\n\nSeries XXX: Unidentified Physician Ledger, 1842-1852\n\nSeries XXXI: Western Hotel Ledger, 1856-1857\n\nSeries XXXII: White and Robinson Ledger, 1851-1852\n\nSeries XXXIII: Dr. Charles Williams Account Book, 1854-1865\n\nSeries XXXIV: Zimmerman and Thrasher Account Book, 1858-1859"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eContext for Record Type:\u003c/emph\u003e Business Records, both volumes and loose records, are in some cases transferred to the Library of Virginia as components of court record transfers. These business records in some cases were simply stored in the local court building for safe keeping by business owners. In other cases, business records (particularly ledgers, account books, etc.) may have been filed in a court case as an exhibit. These business record exhibits appeared both in chancery causes and in judgments, these records serving as exhibits for business dissolution cases, debt suits, and contract disputes.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eLocality History:\u003c/emph\u003e Botetourt County was named for Norborne Berkeley, baron de Botetourt, the royal governor from 1768 to 1770. It was formed from Augusta County in 1769, and a part of Rockbridge County was added in 1785. The county court first met on 13 February 1770. The county seat is Fincastle. Area: 542.7 square miles. Population: 30,496 (2000), 31,800 (2005 estimate).\n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eLost Records Locality: \u003c/emph\u003e Created by an act of 1769 to take effect on February 13, 1770. Many of the loose records including pre-1830 chancery and pre-1854 judgments suffered tremendous water damage as a result of a courthouse fire on December 15, 1970. Because of the near loss of records, the General Assembly passed the Virginia Public Records Act in 1975 for the purpose of preserving local records. Volumes that record deeds, court orders, and wills exist.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Context for Record Type: Business Records, both volumes and loose records, are in some cases transferred to the Library of Virginia as components of court record transfers. These business records in some cases were simply stored in the local court building for safe keeping by business owners. In other cases, business records (particularly ledgers, account books, etc.) may have been filed in a court case as an exhibit. These business record exhibits appeared both in chancery causes and in judgments, these records serving as exhibits for business dissolution cases, debt suits, and contract disputes.","Locality History: Botetourt County was named for Norborne Berkeley, baron de Botetourt, the royal governor from 1768 to 1770. It was formed from Augusta County in 1769, and a part of Rockbridge County was added in 1785. The county court first met on 13 February 1770. The county seat is Fincastle. Area: 542.7 square miles. Population: 30,496 (2000), 31,800 (2005 estimate).","Lost Records Locality:  Created by an act of 1769 to take effect on February 13, 1770. Many of the loose records including pre-1830 chancery and pre-1854 judgments suffered tremendous water damage as a result of a courthouse fire on December 15, 1970. Because of the near loss of records, the General Assembly passed the Virginia Public Records Act in 1975 for the purpose of preserving local records. Volumes that record deeds, court orders, and wills exist."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBotetourt County (Va.) Business Records, 1803-1933, are comprised of various records created by individuals and companies in pursuit of documenting business activities in and around Botetourt County (Va.) Represented records consist of bound volumes such as an account ledger, account books, a bank book, a stock ledger and collection book, ledgers, minute books, registers, a sales book, a stock certificate book, letter books, a payroll book, a cashbook, daybooks and sales ledgers.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Botetourt County (Va.) Business Records, 1803-1933, are comprised of various records created by individuals and companies in pursuit of documenting business activities in and around Botetourt County (Va.) Represented records consist of bound volumes such as an account ledger, account books, a bank book, a stock ledger and collection book, ledgers, minute books, registers, a sales book, a stock certificate book, letter books, a payroll book, a cashbook, daybooks and sales ledgers."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eState Records Center/Library of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e\n"],"physloc_tesim":["State Records Center/Library of Virginia"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":76,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:13:33.340Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi05389","ead_ssi":"vi_vi05389","_root_":"vi_vi05389","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi05389","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi05389.xml","title_ssm":["Botetourt County (Va.) Business Records, 1803-1933"],"title_tesim":["Botetourt County (Va.) Business Records, 1803-1933"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Botetourt County (Va.) Business Records, 1803-1933"],"text":["Botetourt County (Va.) Business Records, 1803-1933","This collection is arranged\nSeries I: Benford and Wilson Account Ledger B, 1866-1867\n \nSeries II: McKnight and Galbraith Account Book, 1836-1846\n \nSeries III: Waskey Mills Account Book, 1840-1847\n\nSeries IV: Williams and Woodville Account Books, 1849, 1852-1853, 1861-1870\n\nSeries V: Beckley and Brother Account Book, 1867-1892\n\nSeries VI: Clinton Savings Bank Book, 1853-1860\n\nSeries VII: Farmers Bank Stock Ledger and Collection Record, 1856-1919\n\nSeries VIII: Lybrook, Beckley, and Company Account Book, 1866-1895\n\nSeries IX: John McDowell Ledger No. 3, 1873-1875\n\nSeries X: Joseph Ogilby and Company Account Book, 1860\n\nSeries XI: Salem and New Castle Turnpike Company Minute Book, 1839-1840\n\nSeries XII: Shenandoah Hotel Room Register, 1932-1933\n\nSeries XIII: Smith and Briggs Brass Works Records, 1891-1897\n\nSeries XIV: Unidentified Business Account Book, 1803-1806\n\nSeries XV: Unidentified Business Account Book, 1840-1842\n\nSeries XVI: Unidentified Business Account Book, 1852-1858\n\nSeries XVII: Unidentified Business Cashbook, 1843-1851\n\nSeries XVIII: Unidentified Clothing Store Daybook, 1856-1857\n\nSeries XIX: Unidentified Delivery Business Ledger, 1853-1854\n\nSeries XX: Unidentified General Store Account Book, 1883-1888\n\nSeries XXI: Unidentified General Store Daybook, 1858-1861\n\nSeries XXII: Unidentified General Store Daybook, 1875-1876\n\nSeries XXIII: Unidentified General Store Daybook, 1884-1887\n\nSeries XXIV: Unidentified General Store Sales Ledger, 1872-1873\n\nSeries XXV: Unidentified General Store Sales Ledger, 1873-1874\n\nSeries XXVI: Unidentified Merchant Daybook, 1870\n\nSeries XXVII: Unidentified Merchant Daybook, 1882-1883\n\nSeries XXVIII: Unidentified Mill Account Book, 1850-1852\n\nSeries XXIX: Unidentified Physician Account Book, 1843-1850\n\nSeries XXX: Unidentified Physician Ledger, 1842-1852\n\nSeries XXXI: Western Hotel Ledger, 1856-1857\n\nSeries XXXII: White and Robinson Ledger, 1851-1852\n\nSeries XXXIII: Dr. Charles Williams Account Book, 1854-1865\n\nSeries XXXIV: Zimmerman and Thrasher Account Book, 1858-1859","Context for Record Type: Business Records, both volumes and loose records, are in some cases transferred to the Library of Virginia as components of court record transfers. These business records in some cases were simply stored in the local court building for safe keeping by business owners. In other cases, business records (particularly ledgers, account books, etc.) may have been filed in a court case as an exhibit. These business record exhibits appeared both in chancery causes and in judgments, these records serving as exhibits for business dissolution cases, debt suits, and contract disputes.","Locality History: Botetourt County was named for Norborne Berkeley, baron de Botetourt, the royal governor from 1768 to 1770. It was formed from Augusta County in 1769, and a part of Rockbridge County was added in 1785. The county court first met on 13 February 1770. The county seat is Fincastle. Area: 542.7 square miles. Population: 30,496 (2000), 31,800 (2005 estimate).","Lost Records Locality:  Created by an act of 1769 to take effect on February 13, 1770. Many of the loose records including pre-1830 chancery and pre-1854 judgments suffered tremendous water damage as a result of a courthouse fire on December 15, 1970. Because of the near loss of records, the General Assembly passed the Virginia Public Records Act in 1975 for the purpose of preserving local records. Volumes that record deeds, court orders, and wills exist.","Botetourt County (Va.) Business Records, 1803-1933, are comprised of various records created by individuals and companies in pursuit of documenting business activities in and around Botetourt County (Va.) Represented records consist of bound volumes such as an account ledger, account books, a bank book, a stock ledger and collection book, ledgers, minute books, registers, a sales book, a stock certificate book, letter books, a payroll book, a cashbook, daybooks and sales ledgers.","State Records Center/Library of Virginia","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Botetourt County (Va.) Business Records, 1803-1933"],"collection_ssim":["Botetourt County (Va.) Business Records, 1803-1933"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Botetourt County (Va.) Circuit Court"],"creator_ssim":["Botetourt County (Va.) Circuit Court"],"acqinfo_ssim":["These records came to the Library of Virginia in transfers of court papers from Botetourt County in an undated accession."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["43 volumes"],"extent_tesim":["43 volumes"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged\u003clist type=\"simple\"\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries I: Benford and Wilson Account Ledger B, 1866-1867\n \u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries II: McKnight and Galbraith Account Book, 1836-1846\n \u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries III: Waskey Mills Account Book, 1840-1847\n\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries IV: Williams and Woodville Account Books, 1849, 1852-1853, 1861-1870\n\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries V: Beckley and Brother Account Book, 1867-1892\n\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries VI: Clinton Savings Bank Book, 1853-1860\n\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries VII: Farmers Bank Stock Ledger and Collection Record, 1856-1919\n\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries VIII: Lybrook, Beckley, and Company Account Book, 1866-1895\n\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries IX: John McDowell Ledger No. 3, 1873-1875\n\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries X: Joseph Ogilby and Company Account Book, 1860\n\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries XI: Salem and New Castle Turnpike Company Minute Book, 1839-1840\n\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries XII: Shenandoah Hotel Room Register, 1932-1933\n\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries XIII: Smith and Briggs Brass Works Records, 1891-1897\n\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries XIV: Unidentified Business Account Book, 1803-1806\n\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries XV: Unidentified Business Account Book, 1840-1842\n\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries XVI: Unidentified Business Account Book, 1852-1858\n\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries XVII: Unidentified Business Cashbook, 1843-1851\n\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries XVIII: Unidentified Clothing Store Daybook, 1856-1857\n\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries XIX: Unidentified Delivery Business Ledger, 1853-1854\n\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries XX: Unidentified General Store Account Book, 1883-1888\n\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries XXI: Unidentified General Store Daybook, 1858-1861\n\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries XXII: Unidentified General Store Daybook, 1875-1876\n\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries XXIII: Unidentified General Store Daybook, 1884-1887\n\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries XXIV: Unidentified General Store Sales Ledger, 1872-1873\n\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries XXV: Unidentified General Store Sales Ledger, 1873-1874\n\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries XXVI: Unidentified Merchant Daybook, 1870\n\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries XXVII: Unidentified Merchant Daybook, 1882-1883\n\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries XXVIII: Unidentified Mill Account Book, 1850-1852\n\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries XXIX: Unidentified Physician Account Book, 1843-1850\n\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries XXX: Unidentified Physician Ledger, 1842-1852\n\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries XXXI: Western Hotel Ledger, 1856-1857\n\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries XXXII: White and Robinson Ledger, 1851-1852\n\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries XXXIII: Dr. Charles Williams Account Book, 1854-1865\n\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries XXXIV: Zimmerman and Thrasher Account Book, 1858-1859\n\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003c/list\u003e\n\u003c/p\u003e\n"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged\nSeries I: Benford and Wilson Account Ledger B, 1866-1867\n \nSeries II: McKnight and Galbraith Account Book, 1836-1846\n \nSeries III: Waskey Mills Account Book, 1840-1847\n\nSeries IV: Williams and Woodville Account Books, 1849, 1852-1853, 1861-1870\n\nSeries V: Beckley and Brother Account Book, 1867-1892\n\nSeries VI: Clinton Savings Bank Book, 1853-1860\n\nSeries VII: Farmers Bank Stock Ledger and Collection Record, 1856-1919\n\nSeries VIII: Lybrook, Beckley, and Company Account Book, 1866-1895\n\nSeries IX: John McDowell Ledger No. 3, 1873-1875\n\nSeries X: Joseph Ogilby and Company Account Book, 1860\n\nSeries XI: Salem and New Castle Turnpike Company Minute Book, 1839-1840\n\nSeries XII: Shenandoah Hotel Room Register, 1932-1933\n\nSeries XIII: Smith and Briggs Brass Works Records, 1891-1897\n\nSeries XIV: Unidentified Business Account Book, 1803-1806\n\nSeries XV: Unidentified Business Account Book, 1840-1842\n\nSeries XVI: Unidentified Business Account Book, 1852-1858\n\nSeries XVII: Unidentified Business Cashbook, 1843-1851\n\nSeries XVIII: Unidentified Clothing Store Daybook, 1856-1857\n\nSeries XIX: Unidentified Delivery Business Ledger, 1853-1854\n\nSeries XX: Unidentified General Store Account Book, 1883-1888\n\nSeries XXI: Unidentified General Store Daybook, 1858-1861\n\nSeries XXII: Unidentified General Store Daybook, 1875-1876\n\nSeries XXIII: Unidentified General Store Daybook, 1884-1887\n\nSeries XXIV: Unidentified General Store Sales Ledger, 1872-1873\n\nSeries XXV: Unidentified General Store Sales Ledger, 1873-1874\n\nSeries XXVI: Unidentified Merchant Daybook, 1870\n\nSeries XXVII: Unidentified Merchant Daybook, 1882-1883\n\nSeries XXVIII: Unidentified Mill Account Book, 1850-1852\n\nSeries XXIX: Unidentified Physician Account Book, 1843-1850\n\nSeries XXX: Unidentified Physician Ledger, 1842-1852\n\nSeries XXXI: Western Hotel Ledger, 1856-1857\n\nSeries XXXII: White and Robinson Ledger, 1851-1852\n\nSeries XXXIII: Dr. Charles Williams Account Book, 1854-1865\n\nSeries XXXIV: Zimmerman and Thrasher Account Book, 1858-1859"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eContext for Record Type:\u003c/emph\u003e Business Records, both volumes and loose records, are in some cases transferred to the Library of Virginia as components of court record transfers. These business records in some cases were simply stored in the local court building for safe keeping by business owners. In other cases, business records (particularly ledgers, account books, etc.) may have been filed in a court case as an exhibit. These business record exhibits appeared both in chancery causes and in judgments, these records serving as exhibits for business dissolution cases, debt suits, and contract disputes.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eLocality History:\u003c/emph\u003e Botetourt County was named for Norborne Berkeley, baron de Botetourt, the royal governor from 1768 to 1770. It was formed from Augusta County in 1769, and a part of Rockbridge County was added in 1785. The county court first met on 13 February 1770. The county seat is Fincastle. Area: 542.7 square miles. Population: 30,496 (2000), 31,800 (2005 estimate).\n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eLost Records Locality: \u003c/emph\u003e Created by an act of 1769 to take effect on February 13, 1770. Many of the loose records including pre-1830 chancery and pre-1854 judgments suffered tremendous water damage as a result of a courthouse fire on December 15, 1970. Because of the near loss of records, the General Assembly passed the Virginia Public Records Act in 1975 for the purpose of preserving local records. Volumes that record deeds, court orders, and wills exist.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Context for Record Type: Business Records, both volumes and loose records, are in some cases transferred to the Library of Virginia as components of court record transfers. These business records in some cases were simply stored in the local court building for safe keeping by business owners. In other cases, business records (particularly ledgers, account books, etc.) may have been filed in a court case as an exhibit. These business record exhibits appeared both in chancery causes and in judgments, these records serving as exhibits for business dissolution cases, debt suits, and contract disputes.","Locality History: Botetourt County was named for Norborne Berkeley, baron de Botetourt, the royal governor from 1768 to 1770. It was formed from Augusta County in 1769, and a part of Rockbridge County was added in 1785. The county court first met on 13 February 1770. The county seat is Fincastle. Area: 542.7 square miles. Population: 30,496 (2000), 31,800 (2005 estimate).","Lost Records Locality:  Created by an act of 1769 to take effect on February 13, 1770. Many of the loose records including pre-1830 chancery and pre-1854 judgments suffered tremendous water damage as a result of a courthouse fire on December 15, 1970. Because of the near loss of records, the General Assembly passed the Virginia Public Records Act in 1975 for the purpose of preserving local records. Volumes that record deeds, court orders, and wills exist."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBotetourt County (Va.) Business Records, 1803-1933, are comprised of various records created by individuals and companies in pursuit of documenting business activities in and around Botetourt County (Va.) Represented records consist of bound volumes such as an account ledger, account books, a bank book, a stock ledger and collection book, ledgers, minute books, registers, a sales book, a stock certificate book, letter books, a payroll book, a cashbook, daybooks and sales ledgers.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Botetourt County (Va.) Business Records, 1803-1933, are comprised of various records created by individuals and companies in pursuit of documenting business activities in and around Botetourt County (Va.) Represented records consist of bound volumes such as an account ledger, account books, a bank book, a stock ledger and collection book, ledgers, minute books, registers, a sales book, a stock certificate book, letter books, a payroll book, a cashbook, daybooks and sales ledgers."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eState Records Center/Library of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e\n"],"physloc_tesim":["State Records Center/Library of Virginia"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":76,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:13:33.340Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi05389"}},{"id":"vi_vi06169","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Botetourt County (Va.) Certificates of Importation, 1794, 1796, 1815","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi06169#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Botetourt County (Va.) Circuit Court.","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi06169#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eBotetourt County (Va.) Certificates of Importation, 1794, 1796, 1815, sometimes entitled certificates of nonimportation, contain information whereby an enslaver swears that they have not imported the enslaved person from Africa and that the enslaver has not brought the enslaved person into Virginia with the purpose of selling the enslaved person. The enslaved person is sometimes named, but not always, and occasionally information is given as to age, birthdate, and the state the individuals are moving from. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi06169#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vi_vi06169","ead_ssi":"vi_vi06169","_root_":"vi_vi06169","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi06169","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi06169.xml","title_ssm":["Botetourt County (Va.) Certificates of Importation, 1794, 1796, 1815"],"title_tesim":["Botetourt County (Va.) Certificates of Importation, 1794, 1796, 1815"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Botetourt County (Va.) Certificates of Importation, 1794, 1796, 1815"],"text":["Botetourt County (Va.) Certificates of Importation, 1794, 1796, 1815","This collection is arranged \nSeries I: Certificates of Importation, 1794, 1796, 1815, arranged chronologically.","Context for Record Type: In 1778, Governor Patrick Henry enacted legislation preventing importation of enslaved people into the commonwealth. Those that did bring their enslaved people were required to register them with the county court and sign a certificate of importation agreeing that they were not bringing enslaved people into the commonwealth with the intent to sell. The enslaved person is sometimes named, but not always, and occasionally information is given as to age, birthdate, and the state from which the individuals were moving. According to Section 3 of the act \"every slave imported into this commonwealth contrary to the true intent and meaning of this act, shall upon such importation become free.\" By this clause, those enslaved people who were brought into Virginia illegally could pursue their freedom in the local courts.","Locality History: Botetourt County was named for Norborne Berkeley, baron de Botetourt, the royal governor from 1768 to 1770. It was formed from Augusta County in 1769, and a part of Rockbridge County was added in 1785. The county court first met on 13 February 1770. The county seat is Fincastle.","Lost Locality Note: Many of the loose records including pre-1830 chancery and pre-1854 judgments suffered tremendous water damage as a result of a courthouse fire on 15 December 1970. Because of the near loss of records, the General Assembly passed the Virginia Public Records Act in 1975 for the purpose of preserving local records. Volumes that record deeds, court orders, and wills exist.","Botetourt County (Va.) Certificates of Importation, 1794, 1796, 1815, sometimes entitled certificates of nonimportation, contain information whereby an enslaver swears that they have not imported the enslaved person from Africa and that the enslaver has not brought the enslaved person into Virginia with the purpose of selling the enslaved person. The enslaved person is sometimes named, but not always, and occasionally information is given as to age, birthdate, and the state the individuals are moving from.","These records are comprised of a certificate, 1794, which verifies that Ralph Crabb brought George, Peter, Phillip, Lydia, William, and Anna to Virginia from Maryland; a certificate, 1796, which verifies that Chance and Patience were transported into Virginia from Maryland by John Nave (alias John Nace); and a certificate, 1815, which verifies that Susanna and Elizabeth Madison brought Lewis into Virginia from Kentucky.","Library of Virginia","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Botetourt County (Va.) Certificates of Importation, 1794, 1796, 1815"],"collection_ssim":["Botetourt County (Va.) Certificates of Importation, 1794, 1796, 1815"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Botetourt County (Va.) Circuit Court."],"creator_ssim":["Botetourt County (Va.) Circuit Court."],"acqinfo_ssim":["These records came to the Library of Virginia in a transfer of court papers from Botetourt County (Va.) as part of an undated accession."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["4 items"],"extent_tesim":["4 items"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged \n\u003clist type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003citem\u003eSeries I: Certificates of Importation, 1794, 1796, 1815, arranged chronologically.\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003c/list\u003e\n\u003c/p\u003e\n"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged \nSeries I: Certificates of Importation, 1794, 1796, 1815, arranged chronologically."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eContext for Record Type:\u003c/emph\u003e In 1778, Governor Patrick Henry enacted legislation preventing importation of enslaved people into the commonwealth. Those that did bring their enslaved people were required to register them with the county court and sign a certificate of importation agreeing that they were not bringing enslaved people into the commonwealth with the intent to sell. The enslaved person is sometimes named, but not always, and occasionally information is given as to age, birthdate, and the state from which the individuals were moving. According to Section 3 of the act \"every slave imported into this commonwealth contrary to the true intent and meaning of this act, shall upon such importation become free.\" By this clause, those enslaved people who were brought into Virginia illegally could pursue their freedom in the local courts. \n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eLocality History:\u003c/emph\u003e Botetourt County was named for Norborne Berkeley, baron de Botetourt, the royal governor from 1768 to 1770. It was formed from Augusta County in 1769, and a part of Rockbridge County was added in 1785. The county court first met on 13 February 1770. The county seat is Fincastle.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eLost Locality Note:\u003c/emph\u003e Many of the loose records including pre-1830 chancery and pre-1854 judgments suffered tremendous water damage as a result of a courthouse fire on 15 December 1970. Because of the near loss of records, the General Assembly passed the Virginia Public Records Act in 1975 for the purpose of preserving local records. Volumes that record deeds, court orders, and wills exist.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Context for Record Type: In 1778, Governor Patrick Henry enacted legislation preventing importation of enslaved people into the commonwealth. Those that did bring their enslaved people were required to register them with the county court and sign a certificate of importation agreeing that they were not bringing enslaved people into the commonwealth with the intent to sell. The enslaved person is sometimes named, but not always, and occasionally information is given as to age, birthdate, and the state from which the individuals were moving. According to Section 3 of the act \"every slave imported into this commonwealth contrary to the true intent and meaning of this act, shall upon such importation become free.\" By this clause, those enslaved people who were brought into Virginia illegally could pursue their freedom in the local courts.","Locality History: Botetourt County was named for Norborne Berkeley, baron de Botetourt, the royal governor from 1768 to 1770. It was formed from Augusta County in 1769, and a part of Rockbridge County was added in 1785. The county court first met on 13 February 1770. The county seat is Fincastle.","Lost Locality Note: Many of the loose records including pre-1830 chancery and pre-1854 judgments suffered tremendous water damage as a result of a courthouse fire on 15 December 1970. Because of the near loss of records, the General Assembly passed the Virginia Public Records Act in 1975 for the purpose of preserving local records. Volumes that record deeds, court orders, and wills exist."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBotetourt County (Va.) Certificates of Importation, 1794, 1796, 1815, sometimes entitled certificates of nonimportation, contain information whereby an enslaver swears that they have not imported the enslaved person from Africa and that the enslaver has not brought the enslaved person into Virginia with the purpose of selling the enslaved person. The enslaved person is sometimes named, but not always, and occasionally information is given as to age, birthdate, and the state the individuals are moving from. \n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThese records are comprised of a certificate, 1794, which verifies that Ralph Crabb brought George, Peter, Phillip, Lydia, William, and Anna to Virginia from Maryland; a certificate, 1796, which verifies that Chance and Patience were transported into Virginia from Maryland by John Nave (alias John Nace); and a certificate, 1815, which verifies that Susanna and Elizabeth Madison brought Lewis into Virginia from Kentucky.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Botetourt County (Va.) Certificates of Importation, 1794, 1796, 1815, sometimes entitled certificates of nonimportation, contain information whereby an enslaver swears that they have not imported the enslaved person from Africa and that the enslaver has not brought the enslaved person into Virginia with the purpose of selling the enslaved person. The enslaved person is sometimes named, but not always, and occasionally information is given as to age, birthdate, and the state the individuals are moving from.","These records are comprised of a certificate, 1794, which verifies that Ralph Crabb brought George, Peter, Phillip, Lydia, William, and Anna to Virginia from Maryland; a certificate, 1796, which verifies that Chance and Patience were transported into Virginia from Maryland by John Nave (alias John Nace); and a certificate, 1815, which verifies that Susanna and Elizabeth Madison brought Lewis into Virginia from Kentucky."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eLibrary of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e\n"],"physloc_tesim":["Library of Virginia"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":2,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:14:16.524Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi06169","ead_ssi":"vi_vi06169","_root_":"vi_vi06169","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi06169","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi06169.xml","title_ssm":["Botetourt County (Va.) Certificates of Importation, 1794, 1796, 1815"],"title_tesim":["Botetourt County (Va.) Certificates of Importation, 1794, 1796, 1815"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Botetourt County (Va.) Certificates of Importation, 1794, 1796, 1815"],"text":["Botetourt County (Va.) Certificates of Importation, 1794, 1796, 1815","This collection is arranged \nSeries I: Certificates of Importation, 1794, 1796, 1815, arranged chronologically.","Context for Record Type: In 1778, Governor Patrick Henry enacted legislation preventing importation of enslaved people into the commonwealth. Those that did bring their enslaved people were required to register them with the county court and sign a certificate of importation agreeing that they were not bringing enslaved people into the commonwealth with the intent to sell. The enslaved person is sometimes named, but not always, and occasionally information is given as to age, birthdate, and the state from which the individuals were moving. According to Section 3 of the act \"every slave imported into this commonwealth contrary to the true intent and meaning of this act, shall upon such importation become free.\" By this clause, those enslaved people who were brought into Virginia illegally could pursue their freedom in the local courts.","Locality History: Botetourt County was named for Norborne Berkeley, baron de Botetourt, the royal governor from 1768 to 1770. It was formed from Augusta County in 1769, and a part of Rockbridge County was added in 1785. The county court first met on 13 February 1770. The county seat is Fincastle.","Lost Locality Note: Many of the loose records including pre-1830 chancery and pre-1854 judgments suffered tremendous water damage as a result of a courthouse fire on 15 December 1970. Because of the near loss of records, the General Assembly passed the Virginia Public Records Act in 1975 for the purpose of preserving local records. Volumes that record deeds, court orders, and wills exist.","Botetourt County (Va.) Certificates of Importation, 1794, 1796, 1815, sometimes entitled certificates of nonimportation, contain information whereby an enslaver swears that they have not imported the enslaved person from Africa and that the enslaver has not brought the enslaved person into Virginia with the purpose of selling the enslaved person. The enslaved person is sometimes named, but not always, and occasionally information is given as to age, birthdate, and the state the individuals are moving from.","These records are comprised of a certificate, 1794, which verifies that Ralph Crabb brought George, Peter, Phillip, Lydia, William, and Anna to Virginia from Maryland; a certificate, 1796, which verifies that Chance and Patience were transported into Virginia from Maryland by John Nave (alias John Nace); and a certificate, 1815, which verifies that Susanna and Elizabeth Madison brought Lewis into Virginia from Kentucky.","Library of Virginia","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Botetourt County (Va.) Certificates of Importation, 1794, 1796, 1815"],"collection_ssim":["Botetourt County (Va.) Certificates of Importation, 1794, 1796, 1815"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Botetourt County (Va.) Circuit Court."],"creator_ssim":["Botetourt County (Va.) Circuit Court."],"acqinfo_ssim":["These records came to the Library of Virginia in a transfer of court papers from Botetourt County (Va.) as part of an undated accession."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["4 items"],"extent_tesim":["4 items"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged \n\u003clist type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003citem\u003eSeries I: Certificates of Importation, 1794, 1796, 1815, arranged chronologically.\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003c/list\u003e\n\u003c/p\u003e\n"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged \nSeries I: Certificates of Importation, 1794, 1796, 1815, arranged chronologically."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eContext for Record Type:\u003c/emph\u003e In 1778, Governor Patrick Henry enacted legislation preventing importation of enslaved people into the commonwealth. Those that did bring their enslaved people were required to register them with the county court and sign a certificate of importation agreeing that they were not bringing enslaved people into the commonwealth with the intent to sell. The enslaved person is sometimes named, but not always, and occasionally information is given as to age, birthdate, and the state from which the individuals were moving. According to Section 3 of the act \"every slave imported into this commonwealth contrary to the true intent and meaning of this act, shall upon such importation become free.\" By this clause, those enslaved people who were brought into Virginia illegally could pursue their freedom in the local courts. \n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eLocality History:\u003c/emph\u003e Botetourt County was named for Norborne Berkeley, baron de Botetourt, the royal governor from 1768 to 1770. It was formed from Augusta County in 1769, and a part of Rockbridge County was added in 1785. The county court first met on 13 February 1770. The county seat is Fincastle.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eLost Locality Note:\u003c/emph\u003e Many of the loose records including pre-1830 chancery and pre-1854 judgments suffered tremendous water damage as a result of a courthouse fire on 15 December 1970. Because of the near loss of records, the General Assembly passed the Virginia Public Records Act in 1975 for the purpose of preserving local records. Volumes that record deeds, court orders, and wills exist.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Context for Record Type: In 1778, Governor Patrick Henry enacted legislation preventing importation of enslaved people into the commonwealth. Those that did bring their enslaved people were required to register them with the county court and sign a certificate of importation agreeing that they were not bringing enslaved people into the commonwealth with the intent to sell. The enslaved person is sometimes named, but not always, and occasionally information is given as to age, birthdate, and the state from which the individuals were moving. According to Section 3 of the act \"every slave imported into this commonwealth contrary to the true intent and meaning of this act, shall upon such importation become free.\" By this clause, those enslaved people who were brought into Virginia illegally could pursue their freedom in the local courts.","Locality History: Botetourt County was named for Norborne Berkeley, baron de Botetourt, the royal governor from 1768 to 1770. It was formed from Augusta County in 1769, and a part of Rockbridge County was added in 1785. The county court first met on 13 February 1770. The county seat is Fincastle.","Lost Locality Note: Many of the loose records including pre-1830 chancery and pre-1854 judgments suffered tremendous water damage as a result of a courthouse fire on 15 December 1970. Because of the near loss of records, the General Assembly passed the Virginia Public Records Act in 1975 for the purpose of preserving local records. Volumes that record deeds, court orders, and wills exist."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBotetourt County (Va.) Certificates of Importation, 1794, 1796, 1815, sometimes entitled certificates of nonimportation, contain information whereby an enslaver swears that they have not imported the enslaved person from Africa and that the enslaver has not brought the enslaved person into Virginia with the purpose of selling the enslaved person. The enslaved person is sometimes named, but not always, and occasionally information is given as to age, birthdate, and the state the individuals are moving from. \n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThese records are comprised of a certificate, 1794, which verifies that Ralph Crabb brought George, Peter, Phillip, Lydia, William, and Anna to Virginia from Maryland; a certificate, 1796, which verifies that Chance and Patience were transported into Virginia from Maryland by John Nave (alias John Nace); and a certificate, 1815, which verifies that Susanna and Elizabeth Madison brought Lewis into Virginia from Kentucky.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Botetourt County (Va.) Certificates of Importation, 1794, 1796, 1815, sometimes entitled certificates of nonimportation, contain information whereby an enslaver swears that they have not imported the enslaved person from Africa and that the enslaver has not brought the enslaved person into Virginia with the purpose of selling the enslaved person. The enslaved person is sometimes named, but not always, and occasionally information is given as to age, birthdate, and the state the individuals are moving from.","These records are comprised of a certificate, 1794, which verifies that Ralph Crabb brought George, Peter, Phillip, Lydia, William, and Anna to Virginia from Maryland; a certificate, 1796, which verifies that Chance and Patience were transported into Virginia from Maryland by John Nave (alias John Nace); and a certificate, 1815, which verifies that Susanna and Elizabeth Madison brought Lewis into Virginia from Kentucky."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eLibrary of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e\n"],"physloc_tesim":["Library of Virginia"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":2,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:14:16.524Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi06169"}},{"id":"vi_vi02761","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Botetourt County (Va.) Coroners' Inquisitions, 1785-1854","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi02761#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Botetourt County (Va.) Circuit Court","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi02761#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi02761#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vi_vi02761","ead_ssi":"vi_vi02761","_root_":"vi_vi02761","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi02761","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi02761.xml","title_ssm":["Botetourt County (Va.) Coroners' Inquisitions, 1785-1854"],"title_tesim":["Botetourt County (Va.) Coroners' Inquisitions, 1785-1854"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Botetourt County (Va.) Coroners' Inquisitions, 1785-1854"],"text":["Botetourt County (Va.) Coroners' Inquisitions, 1785-1854",".","This collection is arranged into the following series:","Series I: Coroners Inquisitions, 1785-1854, chronological by date coroner filed inquisition in the local court.","Context for Record Type: \nA carry over from the British system, the separate office of coroner appeared in Virginia about 1660. The judicial duty of the office was to hold inquisitions in cases when persons met a sudden, violent, unnatural or suspicious death, or death without medical attendance. The law did not encourage the Coroner to be a medical professional until the 20th century, and only stipulated that the local court be responsible for the appointment. Although not reliant on profession, this system of affluent white men making the decisions largely ensured that only other white men served in this position for much of its history","Prior to the Civil War, the coroner would summon a jury of twelve white men, usually prominent citizens of that locality, to assist him in determining cause of death. The jury viewed the body of the deceased and heard the testimony of witnesses which did include both white and Black perspectives. This witness testimony was recorded and after seeing and hearing the evidence, and unlike other judicial proceedings, enslaved people could provide depositions in coroner's inquisitions, but still, an all-white jury delivered in writing to the coroner their conclusion concerning cause of death referred to as the inquisition. These causes of death would be determined by a white perspective and Black individuals were only consulted; they were never in a position to make decisions. After the Civil War, the process remained the same but the racial distinctions stipulating jury eligibility no longer remained. However, as appointments still continued and juror eligibility reserved for those \"entitled to vote and hold office,\" the authority and influence in the hands of white citizens remained throughout the late 19th and early 20th century.","In 1877, an act of the General Assembly changed the number of jurors to six, and by 1926, only the coroner determined cause of death but they could require physicians to assist them with determining cause of death. Then in 1946, the General Assembly abolished the Coroner's office/ office of Coroner's Physician altogether, appointed instead a Chief Medical Examiner, and by 1950 transitioned to a statewide Office of the Chief Medical Examiner which now lives within the Department of Health.","If a criminal act was determined to be the cause of death, the coroner delivered the guilty person to the sheriff and the inquests would be used as evidence in the criminal trial. In this case, coroner's inquisitions were filed with the trial papers. If there was not a trial, coroner's inquisitions were filed separately and are more likely to appear in this collection as a standalone set of documents.","Locality History: Botetourt County was named for Norborne Berkeley, baron de Botetourt, the royal governor of Virginia from 1768 to 1770. It was formed from Augusta County in 1769, and part of Rockbridge County was added in 1785.","Lost Locality Note: Botetourt County is one of Virginia's Lost Records Localities. On 1970 December 15, a fire gutted the Botetourt County courthouse in Fincastle, Virginia. The court records were not burned but were heavily water damaged. Many of the court papers are extremely fragile today as a result of this water damage and some are not useable. Because of the near-loss of the Botetourt County records, the Virginia General Assembly passed the Virginia Public Records Act in 1975. The act mandated that deeds, wills, and other vital records be inventoried and microfilmed and copies of the film stored permanently in the Library of Virginia in Richmond for safekeeping. Counties could also choose to send court records to the Library of Virginia for storage and safekeeping as needed.","Materials in the Library of Virginia's collections contain historical terms, phrases, and images that are offensive to modern readers. These include demeaning and dehumanizing references to race, ethnicity, and nationality; enslaved or free status; physical and mental ability; religion; sex; and sexual orientation and gender identity.","Coroners' Inquisitions contain graphic and in some cases violent or otherwise disturbing descriptions of death.","Botetourt County (Va) Coroners' Inquisitions, 1785-1854, contains investigations into the deaths of individuals who died by a sudden, violent, unnatural or suspicious manner, or died without medical attendance. Causes of death found in these records include accidental, alcohol, drowning, homicide, injuries, infanticide, medical conditions, natural causes (\"visitation by God\"), and suicide.","Documents commonly found in coroners' inquisitions include the inquisition, depositions, and summons. Some inquisitions contain other documents such as exhibits. Information found in the inquisition include the name of the coroner, the names of the jurors, the name and age of the deceased if known, gender and race of the deceased, and when, how, and by what means the deceased came to his or her death. If the coroner knew the deceased person to be Black or Multiracial, the inquest should identify the person individual's legal status (free or enslaved). If the coroner knew the deceased person to be enslaved, the inquest often includes their name, their enslaver and the enslaver's residence. Information found in the depositions include the name of the deponent(s) and their account of the circumstances that led to the death of the deceased.","Records from Botetourt County contain several inquests relating to enslaved Black and Multiracial individuals, particularly as the result of physical assaults and abuses by an enslaver.","Library of Virginia","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Botetourt County (Va.) Coroners' Inquisitions, 1785-1854"],"collection_ssim":["Botetourt County (Va.) Coroners' Inquisitions, 1785-1854"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Botetourt County (Va.) Circuit Court"],"creator_ssim":["Botetourt County (Va.) Circuit Court"],"acqinfo_ssim":["These records came to the Library of Virginia in a transfer of court records from Botetourt County in an undated accession."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["."],"extent_ssm":[".23 cubic feet (1 box)"],"extent_tesim":[".23 cubic feet (1 box)"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged into the following series:\n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003clist type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003citem\u003eSeries I: Coroners Inquisitions, 1785-1854, chronological by date coroner filed inquisition in the local court.\u003c/item\u003e\u003c/list\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged into the following series:","Series I: Coroners Inquisitions, 1785-1854, chronological by date coroner filed inquisition in the local court."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eContext for Record Type: \u003c/emph\u003e\nA carry over from the British system, the separate office of coroner appeared in Virginia about 1660. The judicial duty of the office was to hold inquisitions in cases when persons met a sudden, violent, unnatural or suspicious death, or death without medical attendance. The law did not encourage the Coroner to be a medical professional until the 20th century, and only stipulated that the local court be responsible for the appointment. Although not reliant on profession, this system of affluent white men making the decisions largely ensured that only other white men served in this position for much of its history\n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePrior to the Civil War, the coroner would summon a jury of twelve white men, usually prominent citizens of that locality, to assist him in determining cause of death. The jury viewed the body of the deceased and heard the testimony of witnesses which did include both white and Black perspectives. This witness testimony was recorded and after seeing and hearing the evidence, and unlike other judicial proceedings, enslaved people could provide depositions in coroner's inquisitions, but still, an all-white jury delivered in writing to the coroner their conclusion concerning cause of death referred to as the inquisition. These causes of death would be determined by a white perspective and Black individuals were only consulted; they were never in a position to make decisions. After the Civil War, the process remained the same but the racial distinctions stipulating jury eligibility no longer remained. However, as appointments still continued and juror eligibility reserved for those \"entitled to vote and hold office,\" the authority and influence in the hands of white citizens remained throughout the late 19th and early 20th century.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1877, an act of the General Assembly changed the number of jurors to six, and by 1926, only the coroner determined cause of death but they could require physicians to assist them with determining cause of death. Then in 1946, the General Assembly abolished the Coroner's office/ office of Coroner's Physician altogether, appointed instead a Chief Medical Examiner, and by 1950 transitioned to a statewide Office of the Chief Medical Examiner which now lives within the Department of Health.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIf a criminal act was determined to be the cause of death, the coroner delivered the guilty person to the sheriff and the inquests would be used as evidence in the criminal trial. In this case, coroner's inquisitions were filed with the trial papers. If there was not a trial, coroner's inquisitions were filed separately and are more likely to appear in this collection as a standalone set of documents.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eLocality History:\u003c/emph\u003e Botetourt County was named for Norborne Berkeley, baron de Botetourt, the royal governor of Virginia from 1768 to 1770. It was formed from Augusta County in 1769, and part of Rockbridge County was added in 1785.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eLost Locality Note:\u003c/emph\u003e Botetourt County is one of Virginia's Lost Records Localities. On 1970 December 15, a fire gutted the Botetourt County courthouse in Fincastle, Virginia. The court records were not burned but were heavily water damaged. Many of the court papers are extremely fragile today as a result of this water damage and some are not useable. Because of the near-loss of the Botetourt County records, the Virginia General Assembly passed the Virginia Public Records Act in 1975. The act mandated that deeds, wills, and other vital records be inventoried and microfilmed and copies of the film stored permanently in the Library of Virginia in Richmond for safekeeping. Counties could also choose to send court records to the Library of Virginia for storage and safekeeping as needed.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Context for Record Type: \nA carry over from the British system, the separate office of coroner appeared in Virginia about 1660. The judicial duty of the office was to hold inquisitions in cases when persons met a sudden, violent, unnatural or suspicious death, or death without medical attendance. The law did not encourage the Coroner to be a medical professional until the 20th century, and only stipulated that the local court be responsible for the appointment. Although not reliant on profession, this system of affluent white men making the decisions largely ensured that only other white men served in this position for much of its history","Prior to the Civil War, the coroner would summon a jury of twelve white men, usually prominent citizens of that locality, to assist him in determining cause of death. The jury viewed the body of the deceased and heard the testimony of witnesses which did include both white and Black perspectives. This witness testimony was recorded and after seeing and hearing the evidence, and unlike other judicial proceedings, enslaved people could provide depositions in coroner's inquisitions, but still, an all-white jury delivered in writing to the coroner their conclusion concerning cause of death referred to as the inquisition. These causes of death would be determined by a white perspective and Black individuals were only consulted; they were never in a position to make decisions. After the Civil War, the process remained the same but the racial distinctions stipulating jury eligibility no longer remained. However, as appointments still continued and juror eligibility reserved for those \"entitled to vote and hold office,\" the authority and influence in the hands of white citizens remained throughout the late 19th and early 20th century.","In 1877, an act of the General Assembly changed the number of jurors to six, and by 1926, only the coroner determined cause of death but they could require physicians to assist them with determining cause of death. Then in 1946, the General Assembly abolished the Coroner's office/ office of Coroner's Physician altogether, appointed instead a Chief Medical Examiner, and by 1950 transitioned to a statewide Office of the Chief Medical Examiner which now lives within the Department of Health.","If a criminal act was determined to be the cause of death, the coroner delivered the guilty person to the sheriff and the inquests would be used as evidence in the criminal trial. In this case, coroner's inquisitions were filed with the trial papers. If there was not a trial, coroner's inquisitions were filed separately and are more likely to appear in this collection as a standalone set of documents.","Locality History: Botetourt County was named for Norborne Berkeley, baron de Botetourt, the royal governor of Virginia from 1768 to 1770. It was formed from Augusta County in 1769, and part of Rockbridge County was added in 1785.","Lost Locality Note: Botetourt County is one of Virginia's Lost Records Localities. On 1970 December 15, a fire gutted the Botetourt County courthouse in Fincastle, Virginia. The court records were not burned but were heavily water damaged. Many of the court papers are extremely fragile today as a result of this water damage and some are not useable. Because of the near-loss of the Botetourt County records, the Virginia General Assembly passed the Virginia Public Records Act in 1975. The act mandated that deeds, wills, and other vital records be inventoried and microfilmed and copies of the film stored permanently in the Library of Virginia in Richmond for safekeeping. Counties could also choose to send court records to the Library of Virginia for storage and safekeeping as needed."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eMaterials in the Library of Virginia's collections contain historical terms, phrases, and images that are offensive to modern readers. These include demeaning and dehumanizing references to race, ethnicity, and nationality; enslaved or free status; physical and mental ability; religion; sex; and sexual orientation and gender identity.\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eCoroners' Inquisitions contain graphic and in some cases violent or otherwise disturbing descriptions of death.\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBotetourt County (Va) Coroners' Inquisitions, 1785-1854, contains investigations into the deaths of individuals who died by a sudden, violent, unnatural or suspicious manner, or died without medical attendance. Causes of death found in these records include accidental, alcohol, drowning, homicide, injuries, infanticide, medical conditions, natural causes (\"visitation by God\"), and suicide.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n","\u003cp\u003eDocuments commonly found in coroners' inquisitions include the inquisition, depositions, and summons. Some inquisitions contain other documents such as exhibits. Information found in the inquisition include the name of the coroner, the names of the jurors, the name and age of the deceased if known, gender and race of the deceased, and when, how, and by what means the deceased came to his or her death. If the coroner knew the deceased person to be Black or Multiracial, the inquest should identify the person individual's legal status (free or enslaved). If the coroner knew the deceased person to be enslaved, the inquest often includes their name, their enslaver and the enslaver's residence. Information found in the depositions include the name of the deponent(s) and their account of the circumstances that led to the death of the deceased.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n","\u003cp\u003eRecords from Botetourt County contain several inquests relating to enslaved Black and Multiracial individuals, particularly as the result of physical assaults and abuses by an enslaver.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Materials in the Library of Virginia's collections contain historical terms, phrases, and images that are offensive to modern readers. These include demeaning and dehumanizing references to race, ethnicity, and nationality; enslaved or free status; physical and mental ability; religion; sex; and sexual orientation and gender identity.","Coroners' Inquisitions contain graphic and in some cases violent or otherwise disturbing descriptions of death.","Botetourt County (Va) Coroners' Inquisitions, 1785-1854, contains investigations into the deaths of individuals who died by a sudden, violent, unnatural or suspicious manner, or died without medical attendance. Causes of death found in these records include accidental, alcohol, drowning, homicide, injuries, infanticide, medical conditions, natural causes (\"visitation by God\"), and suicide.","Documents commonly found in coroners' inquisitions include the inquisition, depositions, and summons. Some inquisitions contain other documents such as exhibits. Information found in the inquisition include the name of the coroner, the names of the jurors, the name and age of the deceased if known, gender and race of the deceased, and when, how, and by what means the deceased came to his or her death. If the coroner knew the deceased person to be Black or Multiracial, the inquest should identify the person individual's legal status (free or enslaved). If the coroner knew the deceased person to be enslaved, the inquest often includes their name, their enslaver and the enslaver's residence. Information found in the depositions include the name of the deponent(s) and their account of the circumstances that led to the death of the deceased.","Records from Botetourt County contain several inquests relating to enslaved Black and Multiracial individuals, particularly as the result of physical assaults and abuses by an enslaver."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract label=\"Abstract\"\u003e\n\u003c/abstract\u003e\n"],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eLibrary of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e\n"],"physloc_tesim":["Library of Virginia"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":2,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:11:05.879Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi02761","ead_ssi":"vi_vi02761","_root_":"vi_vi02761","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi02761","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi02761.xml","title_ssm":["Botetourt County (Va.) Coroners' Inquisitions, 1785-1854"],"title_tesim":["Botetourt County (Va.) Coroners' Inquisitions, 1785-1854"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Botetourt County (Va.) Coroners' Inquisitions, 1785-1854"],"text":["Botetourt County (Va.) Coroners' Inquisitions, 1785-1854",".","This collection is arranged into the following series:","Series I: Coroners Inquisitions, 1785-1854, chronological by date coroner filed inquisition in the local court.","Context for Record Type: \nA carry over from the British system, the separate office of coroner appeared in Virginia about 1660. The judicial duty of the office was to hold inquisitions in cases when persons met a sudden, violent, unnatural or suspicious death, or death without medical attendance. The law did not encourage the Coroner to be a medical professional until the 20th century, and only stipulated that the local court be responsible for the appointment. Although not reliant on profession, this system of affluent white men making the decisions largely ensured that only other white men served in this position for much of its history","Prior to the Civil War, the coroner would summon a jury of twelve white men, usually prominent citizens of that locality, to assist him in determining cause of death. The jury viewed the body of the deceased and heard the testimony of witnesses which did include both white and Black perspectives. This witness testimony was recorded and after seeing and hearing the evidence, and unlike other judicial proceedings, enslaved people could provide depositions in coroner's inquisitions, but still, an all-white jury delivered in writing to the coroner their conclusion concerning cause of death referred to as the inquisition. These causes of death would be determined by a white perspective and Black individuals were only consulted; they were never in a position to make decisions. After the Civil War, the process remained the same but the racial distinctions stipulating jury eligibility no longer remained. However, as appointments still continued and juror eligibility reserved for those \"entitled to vote and hold office,\" the authority and influence in the hands of white citizens remained throughout the late 19th and early 20th century.","In 1877, an act of the General Assembly changed the number of jurors to six, and by 1926, only the coroner determined cause of death but they could require physicians to assist them with determining cause of death. Then in 1946, the General Assembly abolished the Coroner's office/ office of Coroner's Physician altogether, appointed instead a Chief Medical Examiner, and by 1950 transitioned to a statewide Office of the Chief Medical Examiner which now lives within the Department of Health.","If a criminal act was determined to be the cause of death, the coroner delivered the guilty person to the sheriff and the inquests would be used as evidence in the criminal trial. In this case, coroner's inquisitions were filed with the trial papers. If there was not a trial, coroner's inquisitions were filed separately and are more likely to appear in this collection as a standalone set of documents.","Locality History: Botetourt County was named for Norborne Berkeley, baron de Botetourt, the royal governor of Virginia from 1768 to 1770. It was formed from Augusta County in 1769, and part of Rockbridge County was added in 1785.","Lost Locality Note: Botetourt County is one of Virginia's Lost Records Localities. On 1970 December 15, a fire gutted the Botetourt County courthouse in Fincastle, Virginia. The court records were not burned but were heavily water damaged. Many of the court papers are extremely fragile today as a result of this water damage and some are not useable. Because of the near-loss of the Botetourt County records, the Virginia General Assembly passed the Virginia Public Records Act in 1975. The act mandated that deeds, wills, and other vital records be inventoried and microfilmed and copies of the film stored permanently in the Library of Virginia in Richmond for safekeeping. Counties could also choose to send court records to the Library of Virginia for storage and safekeeping as needed.","Materials in the Library of Virginia's collections contain historical terms, phrases, and images that are offensive to modern readers. These include demeaning and dehumanizing references to race, ethnicity, and nationality; enslaved or free status; physical and mental ability; religion; sex; and sexual orientation and gender identity.","Coroners' Inquisitions contain graphic and in some cases violent or otherwise disturbing descriptions of death.","Botetourt County (Va) Coroners' Inquisitions, 1785-1854, contains investigations into the deaths of individuals who died by a sudden, violent, unnatural or suspicious manner, or died without medical attendance. Causes of death found in these records include accidental, alcohol, drowning, homicide, injuries, infanticide, medical conditions, natural causes (\"visitation by God\"), and suicide.","Documents commonly found in coroners' inquisitions include the inquisition, depositions, and summons. Some inquisitions contain other documents such as exhibits. Information found in the inquisition include the name of the coroner, the names of the jurors, the name and age of the deceased if known, gender and race of the deceased, and when, how, and by what means the deceased came to his or her death. If the coroner knew the deceased person to be Black or Multiracial, the inquest should identify the person individual's legal status (free or enslaved). If the coroner knew the deceased person to be enslaved, the inquest often includes their name, their enslaver and the enslaver's residence. Information found in the depositions include the name of the deponent(s) and their account of the circumstances that led to the death of the deceased.","Records from Botetourt County contain several inquests relating to enslaved Black and Multiracial individuals, particularly as the result of physical assaults and abuses by an enslaver.","Library of Virginia","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Botetourt County (Va.) Coroners' Inquisitions, 1785-1854"],"collection_ssim":["Botetourt County (Va.) Coroners' Inquisitions, 1785-1854"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Botetourt County (Va.) Circuit Court"],"creator_ssim":["Botetourt County (Va.) Circuit Court"],"acqinfo_ssim":["These records came to the Library of Virginia in a transfer of court records from Botetourt County in an undated accession."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["."],"extent_ssm":[".23 cubic feet (1 box)"],"extent_tesim":[".23 cubic feet (1 box)"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged into the following series:\n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003clist type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003citem\u003eSeries I: Coroners Inquisitions, 1785-1854, chronological by date coroner filed inquisition in the local court.\u003c/item\u003e\u003c/list\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged into the following series:","Series I: Coroners Inquisitions, 1785-1854, chronological by date coroner filed inquisition in the local court."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eContext for Record Type: \u003c/emph\u003e\nA carry over from the British system, the separate office of coroner appeared in Virginia about 1660. The judicial duty of the office was to hold inquisitions in cases when persons met a sudden, violent, unnatural or suspicious death, or death without medical attendance. The law did not encourage the Coroner to be a medical professional until the 20th century, and only stipulated that the local court be responsible for the appointment. Although not reliant on profession, this system of affluent white men making the decisions largely ensured that only other white men served in this position for much of its history\n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePrior to the Civil War, the coroner would summon a jury of twelve white men, usually prominent citizens of that locality, to assist him in determining cause of death. The jury viewed the body of the deceased and heard the testimony of witnesses which did include both white and Black perspectives. This witness testimony was recorded and after seeing and hearing the evidence, and unlike other judicial proceedings, enslaved people could provide depositions in coroner's inquisitions, but still, an all-white jury delivered in writing to the coroner their conclusion concerning cause of death referred to as the inquisition. These causes of death would be determined by a white perspective and Black individuals were only consulted; they were never in a position to make decisions. After the Civil War, the process remained the same but the racial distinctions stipulating jury eligibility no longer remained. However, as appointments still continued and juror eligibility reserved for those \"entitled to vote and hold office,\" the authority and influence in the hands of white citizens remained throughout the late 19th and early 20th century.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1877, an act of the General Assembly changed the number of jurors to six, and by 1926, only the coroner determined cause of death but they could require physicians to assist them with determining cause of death. Then in 1946, the General Assembly abolished the Coroner's office/ office of Coroner's Physician altogether, appointed instead a Chief Medical Examiner, and by 1950 transitioned to a statewide Office of the Chief Medical Examiner which now lives within the Department of Health.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIf a criminal act was determined to be the cause of death, the coroner delivered the guilty person to the sheriff and the inquests would be used as evidence in the criminal trial. In this case, coroner's inquisitions were filed with the trial papers. If there was not a trial, coroner's inquisitions were filed separately and are more likely to appear in this collection as a standalone set of documents.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eLocality History:\u003c/emph\u003e Botetourt County was named for Norborne Berkeley, baron de Botetourt, the royal governor of Virginia from 1768 to 1770. It was formed from Augusta County in 1769, and part of Rockbridge County was added in 1785.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eLost Locality Note:\u003c/emph\u003e Botetourt County is one of Virginia's Lost Records Localities. On 1970 December 15, a fire gutted the Botetourt County courthouse in Fincastle, Virginia. The court records were not burned but were heavily water damaged. Many of the court papers are extremely fragile today as a result of this water damage and some are not useable. Because of the near-loss of the Botetourt County records, the Virginia General Assembly passed the Virginia Public Records Act in 1975. The act mandated that deeds, wills, and other vital records be inventoried and microfilmed and copies of the film stored permanently in the Library of Virginia in Richmond for safekeeping. Counties could also choose to send court records to the Library of Virginia for storage and safekeeping as needed.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Context for Record Type: \nA carry over from the British system, the separate office of coroner appeared in Virginia about 1660. The judicial duty of the office was to hold inquisitions in cases when persons met a sudden, violent, unnatural or suspicious death, or death without medical attendance. The law did not encourage the Coroner to be a medical professional until the 20th century, and only stipulated that the local court be responsible for the appointment. Although not reliant on profession, this system of affluent white men making the decisions largely ensured that only other white men served in this position for much of its history","Prior to the Civil War, the coroner would summon a jury of twelve white men, usually prominent citizens of that locality, to assist him in determining cause of death. The jury viewed the body of the deceased and heard the testimony of witnesses which did include both white and Black perspectives. This witness testimony was recorded and after seeing and hearing the evidence, and unlike other judicial proceedings, enslaved people could provide depositions in coroner's inquisitions, but still, an all-white jury delivered in writing to the coroner their conclusion concerning cause of death referred to as the inquisition. These causes of death would be determined by a white perspective and Black individuals were only consulted; they were never in a position to make decisions. After the Civil War, the process remained the same but the racial distinctions stipulating jury eligibility no longer remained. However, as appointments still continued and juror eligibility reserved for those \"entitled to vote and hold office,\" the authority and influence in the hands of white citizens remained throughout the late 19th and early 20th century.","In 1877, an act of the General Assembly changed the number of jurors to six, and by 1926, only the coroner determined cause of death but they could require physicians to assist them with determining cause of death. Then in 1946, the General Assembly abolished the Coroner's office/ office of Coroner's Physician altogether, appointed instead a Chief Medical Examiner, and by 1950 transitioned to a statewide Office of the Chief Medical Examiner which now lives within the Department of Health.","If a criminal act was determined to be the cause of death, the coroner delivered the guilty person to the sheriff and the inquests would be used as evidence in the criminal trial. In this case, coroner's inquisitions were filed with the trial papers. If there was not a trial, coroner's inquisitions were filed separately and are more likely to appear in this collection as a standalone set of documents.","Locality History: Botetourt County was named for Norborne Berkeley, baron de Botetourt, the royal governor of Virginia from 1768 to 1770. It was formed from Augusta County in 1769, and part of Rockbridge County was added in 1785.","Lost Locality Note: Botetourt County is one of Virginia's Lost Records Localities. On 1970 December 15, a fire gutted the Botetourt County courthouse in Fincastle, Virginia. The court records were not burned but were heavily water damaged. Many of the court papers are extremely fragile today as a result of this water damage and some are not useable. Because of the near-loss of the Botetourt County records, the Virginia General Assembly passed the Virginia Public Records Act in 1975. The act mandated that deeds, wills, and other vital records be inventoried and microfilmed and copies of the film stored permanently in the Library of Virginia in Richmond for safekeeping. Counties could also choose to send court records to the Library of Virginia for storage and safekeeping as needed."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eMaterials in the Library of Virginia's collections contain historical terms, phrases, and images that are offensive to modern readers. These include demeaning and dehumanizing references to race, ethnicity, and nationality; enslaved or free status; physical and mental ability; religion; sex; and sexual orientation and gender identity.\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eCoroners' Inquisitions contain graphic and in some cases violent or otherwise disturbing descriptions of death.\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBotetourt County (Va) Coroners' Inquisitions, 1785-1854, contains investigations into the deaths of individuals who died by a sudden, violent, unnatural or suspicious manner, or died without medical attendance. Causes of death found in these records include accidental, alcohol, drowning, homicide, injuries, infanticide, medical conditions, natural causes (\"visitation by God\"), and suicide.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n","\u003cp\u003eDocuments commonly found in coroners' inquisitions include the inquisition, depositions, and summons. Some inquisitions contain other documents such as exhibits. Information found in the inquisition include the name of the coroner, the names of the jurors, the name and age of the deceased if known, gender and race of the deceased, and when, how, and by what means the deceased came to his or her death. If the coroner knew the deceased person to be Black or Multiracial, the inquest should identify the person individual's legal status (free or enslaved). If the coroner knew the deceased person to be enslaved, the inquest often includes their name, their enslaver and the enslaver's residence. Information found in the depositions include the name of the deponent(s) and their account of the circumstances that led to the death of the deceased.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n","\u003cp\u003eRecords from Botetourt County contain several inquests relating to enslaved Black and Multiracial individuals, particularly as the result of physical assaults and abuses by an enslaver.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Materials in the Library of Virginia's collections contain historical terms, phrases, and images that are offensive to modern readers. These include demeaning and dehumanizing references to race, ethnicity, and nationality; enslaved or free status; physical and mental ability; religion; sex; and sexual orientation and gender identity.","Coroners' Inquisitions contain graphic and in some cases violent or otherwise disturbing descriptions of death.","Botetourt County (Va) Coroners' Inquisitions, 1785-1854, contains investigations into the deaths of individuals who died by a sudden, violent, unnatural or suspicious manner, or died without medical attendance. Causes of death found in these records include accidental, alcohol, drowning, homicide, injuries, infanticide, medical conditions, natural causes (\"visitation by God\"), and suicide.","Documents commonly found in coroners' inquisitions include the inquisition, depositions, and summons. Some inquisitions contain other documents such as exhibits. Information found in the inquisition include the name of the coroner, the names of the jurors, the name and age of the deceased if known, gender and race of the deceased, and when, how, and by what means the deceased came to his or her death. If the coroner knew the deceased person to be Black or Multiracial, the inquest should identify the person individual's legal status (free or enslaved). If the coroner knew the deceased person to be enslaved, the inquest often includes their name, their enslaver and the enslaver's residence. Information found in the depositions include the name of the deponent(s) and their account of the circumstances that led to the death of the deceased.","Records from Botetourt County contain several inquests relating to enslaved Black and Multiracial individuals, particularly as the result of physical assaults and abuses by an enslaver."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract label=\"Abstract\"\u003e\n\u003c/abstract\u003e\n"],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eLibrary of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e\n"],"physloc_tesim":["Library of Virginia"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":2,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:11:05.879Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi02761"}}],"included":[{"type":"facet","id":"repository_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Repository","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Albemarle Charlottesville Historical Society","value":"Albemarle Charlottesville Historical Society","hits":210},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Albemarle+Charlottesville+Historical+Society\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Alexandria Library","value":"Alexandria Library","hits":135},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Arlington Public Library","value":"Arlington Public Library","hits":82},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Arlington+Public+Library\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Augusta County Historical Society","value":"Augusta County Historical Society","hits":4},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Augusta+County+Historical+Society\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Bridgewater College","value":"Bridgewater College","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Bridgewater+College\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Central Rappahannock Heritage Center","value":"Central Rappahannock Heritage Center","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Central+Rappahannock+Heritage+Center\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Charles City County Richard M. 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