{"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia\u0026page=11","prev":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia\u0026page=10","next":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia\u0026page=12","last":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia\u0026page=541"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":11,"next_page":12,"prev_page":10,"total_pages":541,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":100,"total_count":5404,"first_page?":false,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"vi_vi05802","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"A Guide to the Correspondence of the Director of the Virginia Joint Legislative Audit and Review Commission, \n1983 - 2003","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi05802#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\nVirginia General Assembly Joint Legislative Audit and Review Commission \n","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi05802#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eDirector's correspondence documenting the meetings, activities, discussions, policy decisions and recommendations of the Virginia Joint Legislative Audit and Review Commission from 1983 through 2003. 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Accession 51981, State government records collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia. \n"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection has been processed using minimal processing standards. The original arrangement has been maintained, the container list is brief and simple, and the records have not been refoldered and fasteners have not been removed.  \n\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information\n"],"processinfo_tesim":["This collection has been processed using minimal processing standards. The original arrangement has been maintained, the container list is brief and simple, and the records have not been refoldered and fasteners have not been removed.  \n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDirector's correspondence documenting the meetings, activities, discussions, policy decisions and recommendations of the Virginia Joint Legislative Audit and Review Commission from 1983 through 2003. 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Accession 51981, State government records collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia. \n"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection has been processed using minimal processing standards. The original arrangement has been maintained, the container list is brief and simple, and the records have not been refoldered and fasteners have not been removed.  \n\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information\n"],"processinfo_tesim":["This collection has been processed using minimal processing standards. The original arrangement has been maintained, the container list is brief and simple, and the records have not been refoldered and fasteners have not been removed.  \n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDirector's correspondence documenting the meetings, activities, discussions, policy decisions and recommendations of the Virginia Joint Legislative Audit and Review Commission from 1983 through 2003. 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An account relating to Graves V. Scott, undated; one Court Transcript relating to the capture of the HMS Kingfish[er], 1779, August; thirty-one Decrees, 1777, 1780-1781, 1783-1784, 1786-1788; and one document listing the supplies and operation of the HMS Kingfish[er], 1775. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi04856#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vi_vi04856","ead_ssi":"vi_vi04856","_root_":"vi_vi04856","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi04856","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi04856.xml","title_ssm":["A Guide to the Court of Admiralty Records of the Virginia Auditor of Public Accounts, \n1775-1788"],"title_tesim":["A Guide to the Court of Admiralty Records of the Virginia Auditor of Public Accounts, \n1775-1788"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["APA 95\n"],"text":["APA 95\n","A Guide to the Court of Admiralty Records of the Virginia Auditor of Public Accounts, \n1775-1788","There are no access restrictions.\n","Documents are arranged chronologically within each type of record.","The Court of Admiralty was created by an act of the General Assembly passed at the October 1776 session. The court received all cases then pending before the colonial maritime commissioners and had jurisdiction in all new maritime cases, except in matters involving capital offenses. The court was composed of three judges elected by the General Assembly and sat at the state capitol as the occasion required. ","While the first ships commissioned for a Continental Navy began construction and refitting in 1775, individual colonies had issued letters of marque, or legal permission to attack and capture enemy vessels, months beforehand. On March 23, 1776, the Continental Congress began and formally allowed individual colonies to issue letters of marque to privateers across the colonies.","The terminology of litigation at Vice-Admiralty courts across the colonies vary. In Virginia, use of the terms libellant, respondent, proctor, proclamation and decree are common and require definition. A person seeking relief by presenting his case to the court in written form is a libellant, the complaint is the libel. After the libellant's claim was read in court, a judge issued to the court's Marshal a citation which might call for the vessel or cargo to be arrested, or call for her master (the respondent, the defendant at whom the libel was aimed) to appear before the court.  After the judge's proclamation was stated to the court with the respondent present, the respondent had the opportunity to submit a claim in reply to the libel. Requests for respondents to appear in court were published in the Virginia Gazette, allowing for one year's time to pass before the case could be settled without the respondent being present. Both parties could be represented in court by a proctor, a legal representative. After the court considered the libel, the answer and oral testimony of the witnesses, the judge pronounced a decree, or judgement, of the case. If the decree involved monetary appraisal or compensation, the Marshal of the court gave public notice of a sale, recorded the appraisal of value, and presented those findings to the court. Either the court register or the clerk kept notes of these proceeding. ","The law of salvage at the time varied from nation to nation. Early in the American Revolution the captain and crew responsible for salvaging, or in these cases capturing, the said vessel were entitled to one-third of value of the appraised prize by merit of the risk required to bring the vessel to port. The Royal Navy's practice was to award full value for any type of enemy ship captured. In October, 1776, the outcry from privateers convinced the Continental Congress to alter the percentage. In November, 1776, privateers received all proceeds from a captured prize, while Continental or state navy crews received one-third of the prize from a transport or supply vessel and half the total prize for a vessel of war. The prize money awarded to the navy crews were divided into twentieths after the government had taken its share. One-twentieth to the commander in chief (regardless of whether he as present at the time); two-twentieths to the captain of the vessel; three-twentieths to be divided among the masters (lieutenants and marines); two and a half-twentieths divided among the master's mates (chief gunner, carpenters, surgeons); three-twentieths divided among the petty officers; and eight and a half-twentieths went to the rest of the crew. It is worth noting that the colonies and Continental Congress during the American Revolution experienced monetary inflation, and references to British pounds should not be confused with the British pound-sterling, which was not subject to the same inflation trends.","The Court of Admiralty was abolished by an act of the General Assembly passed on December 25, 1788, effective March 4, 1789, in pursuance of the new Constitution of the United States, which gave admiralty and maritime jurisdiction to the federal courts. Those few cases of admiralty jurisdiction not taken into the federal court system were given to the newly created state district courts. ","This collection is comprised of thirty-four items, of which there are four types of documents. An account relating to Graves V. Scott, undated; one Court Transcript relating to the capture of the HMS Kingfish[er], 1779, August; thirty-one Decrees, 1777, 1780-1781, 1783-1784, 1786-1788; and one document listing the supplies and operation of the HMS Kingfish[er], 1775.\n","The account consists of a single document recording the amount of prize sales, court costs, net proceeds, and amount to be paid to the Treasurer related to the decree of the Court of Admiralty in Williamsburg, Virginia in the case of Graves v. Scott.","The single court transcript relates to a case heard by the Court of the Admiralty in Williamsburg, Virginia, which occurred on August 17, August 18 and August 30, 1779. The case was initially heard on August 17th, 1779, presided over by Judges Benjamin Waller, Richard Cary, and William Roscow Wilson Curle Esq. James Montegue and the militia under his command, in compliance with the resolutions of the Continental Congress in 1776 which enabled private ships or vessels of war with Commissions of Letter of Marque and Reprisals to capture British vessels and cargo in the colonies, presented the HMS Kingfish[er] to the Court of Admiralty in Virginia. The cost of the capture and trial would first be taken out of the money derived from the sale of the prize, then according to the Laws of Salvage the captors are entitled to half of the value of the cargo. It was under these conditions that James Montegue and his militia found and seized the Pilot Boat Kingfish[er] with its tackle, apparel, furniture and cargo near the shores of the River Rappahannock on a date not added to the transcript. After the libellant, James Montegue, submitted his case the respondent, John Jones, was given until the following day to consider the libel. On August 18, 1779, the respondent John Jones motioned to adjourn the court until August 30 for him to respond. On August 30, 1779, the respondent argued that he knew nothing of the Pilot Boat Kingfish[er] being captured by James Montegue at the time stated by the libellant. John Jones stated that sometime during December, 1777, the Kingfish[er] was taken from the respondent who did not know its whereabouts until it was seen in possession of W. Carter Braxton at Portsmouth by W. Bigil Smith, a former owner of the ship, after which the respondent told Braxton by letter that the ship was his property. John Jones was then told by a Captain Lard, who was still in Braxton's employ, that he has seen the ship in the possession of Mr. Braxton before he began to use her to sail passengers and horses between Portsmouth and Hampton. John Jones then informed W. Braxton of his claim, and the boat was sent to Baltimore for the purpose of, John Jones believed, preventing him from regaining the Pilot Boat Kingfish[er]. The court then informed the respondent that when James Montegue found the ship near the River Rappahannock , it was aground with no persons on board her. Montegue then disposed possession of the ship to W. Carter Braxton, before obtaining legal right to her by publically posting libel with the Court of the Admiralty. The respondent John Jones then insisted that neither Montegue nor Braxton ever had a right, title, or property related to the Pilot Boat Kingfish[er]. He then stated that if they ever did, they forfeited those rights by illegal and deceptive steps taken to acquire her contrary to \"the known and established laws in such cases.\" ","The thirty-one decrees contained all follow a similar format and are the final judgements given by the Court of the Admiralty in Williamsburg Virginia, either for the libellant or for the claims of the respondent, including prize money and court cost to be paid. They are in chronological order. The libellants, respondents, prizes and value of the prizes are always listed. The presiding judges and respondents, unless otherwise noted, are not listed in the documents. In all cases present in this collection, William Russel served as the Court Clerk and Benjamin Powell served as the Marshal of the Admiralty Court in Williamsburg, Virginia. The libellant is a commissioned privateer, a member of the state or Continental navy, or a proctor who has submitted, or condemned, a captured vessel to the Vice-Admiralty Court; the respondent is either the person who formally owned the captured ship, or a proctor. Places where \"other\" libellants are indicated refer to the captain's crew. These documents contain neither the court proclamations nor the court citations which contributed to the decision found in the court's decree.  In this collection, all cases were found in favor of the libellant. Each decree addresses individual salvage cases, in some instances a single libellant will have multiple cases decided on the same day. Cases heard on the same day are group together in paragraphs. There is a shift in the court's rulings in some cases after 1786 where the libellant or respondent would receive money from the court, but the court would then charge the libellant or respondent a cost for the use of the court and Commonwealth. Includes the following decrees: ","Richard Cary, William Holt, and Ben Moore Esquire (Judges) heard a case of James Barron and other libellants against the Sloop Catherine, the Marshal paid unto the Treasurer 66 pounds, 6 shillings, and one half penny. (1777 July 7)","Libellant Elliot Sturman against the Sloop Polly, respondent John Jackson, found in favor of the libellant and the Judge ordered that the Marshal pay to the Treasurer 3326 pounds, four shillings. (1780 December 16)","James Barron and other libellants against the Schooner Flying Fish, after the finding of this schooner had been published in the Virginia Gazette, and one year passing with no persons claiming ownership, the court Marshal paid to the Treasurer 3536 pounds, 16 shillings, 10 pence;   James Barron and other libellants against the Schooner Success, no respondent one year after the schooner's capture, the court Marshal paid to the Treasurer 4752 pounds, 2 shillings, 9 pence;   James Barron and other libellants against the Schooner Dispatch, no respondent one year after the schooner's capture, the court Marshal paid to the Treasurer 794 pounds, 15 shilling;   James Barron and other libellants against the Schooner Jane, no respondent one year after the schooner's capture, the court Marshal paid to the Treasurer 6367 pounds, 9 shillings, 3 pence;   James Barron and other libellants against the Sloop Experiment, no respondent one year after the sloop's capture, the court Marshal paid to the Treasurer 9226 pounds, 7 shillings, 7 pence;  William Morris and other libellants against the Sloop Lewis, no respondent one year after the sloop's capture, the court Marshal paid to the Treasurer 3727 pounds, 8 shillings, 4 pence;   John Reynolds and other libellants against \"Jacob a Negro man,\" found aboard the Schooner First Tryal, no respondent one year after the man and schooner's capture, the court Marshal paid to the Treasurer 1178 pounds, 8 shillings, 4 pence. (1781 November 30) ","James Barron and other libellants against the Sloop Chance, no respondent one year after the schooner's capture, the court Marshal paid to the Treasurer 585 pounds.;  Daniel Noles Hall and other libellants against the Schooner Boat \"her name unknown,\" no respondent one year after the schooner's capture, the court Marshal paid to the Treasurer 6602 pounds, 17 shillings. (1781 December 30) ","Libellant Charles Lee Esq. against the Sloop Nancy, respondent Isaac Vinnerman, the court Marshal paid to the Treasurer 42 pounds, 16 shillings, 3 pence. (1782 March 23) ","Libellants James and Richard Barron against the Brig Menrot and cargo, respondent Samuel Beall, the court Marshal paid to the Treasurer 394 pounds, 3 shillings, 9 pence. (1782 February 12) ","Libellant William Graves against the Ship George, respondent Robert Teole appealed the ruling, the court Marshal paid to the Treasurer 676 pounds, 10 shillings, 11 pence;   John Hague libellant against the Sloop Nancy and cargo, respondent Henry Thallow appealed the ruling, the court Marshal paid to the Treasurer 55 pounds, 5 shillings. (1786 June 26) ","Libellant Augustine Tabb against the Sloop Philadelphia Packet and cargo, respondent Robert Richards appealed the ruling, the court Marshal paid to the Treasurer 340 pounds from the court out of the 797 pounds the Sloop was previously sold for;  Respondent Robert Richards would have his appeal heard if he pays the court 1000 pounds to the clerk's office within twenty days. (1786 June 27) ","Richard Cary and John Tyler (Judges) heard the case of George Nicholson against the Brig Little Nancy with its rigging, tackle and furniture, respondent not named, ordered that the libellant be paid out of the previous sale of the Brig Little Nancy from the harbor at Rocket's Landing, located in Richmond, Virginia, on July 11th, 1786, 109 pounds, 5 shillings, 9 pence, 1 farthing;   Libellant William Gatewood against the Brig Molly, respondent Robert Fairclaugh appealing the ruling, the court Marshal paid to the Treasurer 557 pounds. 8 shillings, 8 pence;   Respondent Robert Fairclaugh would have his appeal heard if he pays the court 2500 pounds to the clerk's office within twenty days. (1786 July 31) ","Libellant William Graves against the Schooner Hawk, respondent John Butler, 51 pounds, 4 shilling, 4 pence, one half penny to be paid to libellant out of the 155 pounds, 1 shilling, 6 and a half pence from the sale of the ship and cargo. The libellant was then ordered to pay the Treasurer of the court 51 pounds, 4 shillings, 4 pence, one half penny for use of the Commonwealth;   Libellant William Graves against the Schooner Two-Brothers, no respondent, the court ordered that 9 pounds, 18 shillings, 6 pence be taken out of the sale of the Two-Brothers to be paid to the libellant, the libellant is also ordered to pay to the Treasurer the same sum for the use of the Commonwealth;   Libellant James M. M. Rea against the Brig General Orde, respondent John M Clenachau, the court ordered 75 pounds, 16 shillings, 6 pence, 3 farthing to be paid to the libellant and the same sum of money to be paid back to the Treasurer for the use of the Commonwealth. (1787 January 16) ","Libellant William Gatewood against the Schooner Nancy, respondent Stewart Hallet, the court ordered that of the 309 pounds, 3 shillings, 2 pence of the sale of the Sloop Nancy, 67 pounds, 2 shillings, 7 pence be deducted from the total and paid to the libellant. The respondent was then ordered to pay the court 121 pounds, 3 pence, 3 farthings for use of the Commonwealth, also that the Treasurer to pay the libellant the like sum. (1787 March 15) ","Libellant James M. M. Rea against the Brigantine Absolonia and cargo, respondent Seth Wheaton, the court ordered that of the 511 pounds, 13 pence, the sum of 124 pounds, 4 pence be deducted and paid to the libellant. Additionally, the court ordered the Marshal to pay the Treasurer 30 pounds to be used as payment for the repairs of the court room. (1787 April 26) ","Libellant Christopher Roan against the Schooner Sally, respondent Noel Quisnel. After the sale of the Schooner Sally's cargo, amounting to 67 pounds, 17 shillings, of which 27 pounds, 5 shillings, 4 and one-half pence be paid to the respondent. The Marshal was then ordered to pay the Treasurer 20 pounds, 5 shilling, ten pence, one farthing, and the court ordered the libellant be paid the same. (1787 June 21)  Included in the same document is the clerk's note that the Marshal shall pay the Treasurer for the use of the commonwealth 174 pounds, 11 shillings, being the amount of the duties of the cargo of rum and sugar found on board the Schooner Sally. (1787 June 22) ","Libellant William Graves against the Schooner Dispatch, respondents Joseph Holmes, the court valuing the schooner and cargo at 200 pounds, ordered 34 pounds, 14 shillings, four and on-half pence be deducted out of the gross sale and paid to the respondent. The respondent was then ordered to pay the Treasurer 82 pounds, 13 shillings, 3 pence, 3 farthings being the balance due on said account, and also that he pay to the libellant the like sum of 82 pounds, 13 shillings, 3 pence, 3 farthings. (1787 August 23) ","Libellant Christopher Roan against the Sloop Dispatch, respondent John Lawson, the court valuing the sloop and cargo at 78 pounds, 8 shillings, with 23 pounds, 15 shillings, 7 pence, one-half penny to be deducted out of the gross sales and paid to the respondent. The Marshal was then ordered to pay to the Treasurer for the use of the Commonwealth and to settle the net balance 27 pounds, 6 shillings, two pence, 1 farthing, and that the like sum to be paid to the libellant. (1788 January 12) ","This decree states that the Marshal shall pay to the court of funds made by seizures and condemnations, the sum of 17 pounds, 16 shillings, 2 pence and on-half penny for repairs made to the court and jury rooms. (1788 April 23) ","Libellant Christopher Roan against the Schooner Molly, respondent James Lee, the court valuing the schooner at 49 pounds, 2 shillings, ordered that the sum of 33 pounds, 16 shillings, 8 and one-half pence be paid from the Marshal to the respondent. The court then ordered that he pay the Treasurer 7 pounds, 12 shillings, 7 and three-quarters pence for the use of the court and to pay to the libellant the same sum of 7 pounds, 12 shillings, 7 and three-quarters pence. (1788 May 26) ","Libellant Michael James against the Schooner Federal Convention, the court valuing the schooner at 58 pounds, 13 shillings, ordered that 21 pounds, 9 shilling, 8 pence be deducted out of the gross sale and paid to the libellant. The court then ordered that the libellant pay to the court the amount of 10 pounds, 17 shillings, 8 pence for the use of the Commonwealth;  Libellant William Graves against the Sloop Two-Betsey's, respondent Nathan Ranter, the court valuing the sloop 50 pounds, 19 shillings, 7 and one-half pence ordered that 28 pounds, 13 shillings, 1 and one-half pence be paid to the respondent, while 11 pounds, 2 shillings, 3 pence be paid to the Treasurer for the use of the commonwealth and the like sum of 11 pounds, 2 shillings, 3 pence be paid to the libellant. (1788 October 17) ","The List of Supplies is a single document that lists the supplies carried by the HMS Kingfisher to New York on August 27, 1775. Included are the stops the HMS Kingfisher made, to whom they sold goods, profits made, and includes signatures by the ship's captain, master, boatswain and carpenter. ","There are no use restrictions.\n","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["APA 95\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["A Guide to the Court of Admiralty Records of the Virginia Auditor of Public Accounts, \n1775-1788"],"collection_title_tesim":["A Guide to the Court of Admiralty Records of the Virginia Auditor of Public Accounts, \n1775-1788"],"collection_ssim":["A Guide to the Court of Admiralty Records of the Virginia Auditor of Public Accounts, \n1775-1788"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Auditor of Public Accounts \n"],"creator_ssim":["Auditor of Public Accounts \n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["No acquisition information available.  Received circa 1913.\n"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":[".25 cubic feet (4 folders)"],"extent_tesim":[".25 cubic feet (4 folders)"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions.\n"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDocuments are arranged chronologically within each type of record.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["Documents are arranged chronologically within each type of record."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Court of Admiralty was created by an act of the General Assembly passed at the October 1776 session. The court received all cases then pending before the colonial maritime commissioners and had jurisdiction in all new maritime cases, except in matters involving capital offenses. The court was composed of three judges elected by the General Assembly and sat at the state capitol as the occasion required. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWhile the first ships commissioned for a Continental Navy began construction and refitting in 1775, individual colonies had issued letters of marque, or legal permission to attack and capture enemy vessels, months beforehand. On March 23, 1776, the Continental Congress began and formally allowed individual colonies to issue letters of marque to privateers across the colonies.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe terminology of litigation at Vice-Admiralty courts across the colonies vary. In Virginia, use of the terms libellant, respondent, proctor, proclamation and decree are common and require definition. A person seeking relief by presenting his case to the court in written form is a libellant, the complaint is the libel. After the libellant's claim was read in court, a judge issued to the court's Marshal a citation which might call for the vessel or cargo to be arrested, or call for her master (the respondent, the defendant at whom the libel was aimed) to appear before the court.  After the judge's proclamation was stated to the court with the respondent present, the respondent had the opportunity to submit a claim in reply to the libel. Requests for respondents to appear in court were published in the Virginia Gazette, allowing for one year's time to pass before the case could be settled without the respondent being present. Both parties could be represented in court by a proctor, a legal representative. After the court considered the libel, the answer and oral testimony of the witnesses, the judge pronounced a decree, or judgement, of the case. If the decree involved monetary appraisal or compensation, the Marshal of the court gave public notice of a sale, recorded the appraisal of value, and presented those findings to the court. Either the court register or the clerk kept notes of these proceeding. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe law of salvage at the time varied from nation to nation. Early in the American Revolution the captain and crew responsible for salvaging, or in these cases capturing, the said vessel were entitled to one-third of value of the appraised prize by merit of the risk required to bring the vessel to port. The Royal Navy's practice was to award full value for any type of enemy ship captured. In October, 1776, the outcry from privateers convinced the Continental Congress to alter the percentage. In November, 1776, privateers received all proceeds from a captured prize, while Continental or state navy crews received one-third of the prize from a transport or supply vessel and half the total prize for a vessel of war. The prize money awarded to the navy crews were divided into twentieths after the government had taken its share. One-twentieth to the commander in chief (regardless of whether he as present at the time); two-twentieths to the captain of the vessel; three-twentieths to be divided among the masters (lieutenants and marines); two and a half-twentieths divided among the master's mates (chief gunner, carpenters, surgeons); three-twentieths divided among the petty officers; and eight and a half-twentieths went to the rest of the crew. It is worth noting that the colonies and Continental Congress during the American Revolution experienced monetary inflation, and references to British pounds should not be confused with the British pound-sterling, which was not subject to the same inflation trends.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Court of Admiralty was abolished by an act of the General Assembly passed on December 25, 1788, effective March 4, 1789, in pursuance of the new Constitution of the United States, which gave admiralty and maritime jurisdiction to the federal courts. Those few cases of admiralty jurisdiction not taken into the federal court system were given to the newly created state district courts. \u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Court of Admiralty was created by an act of the General Assembly passed at the October 1776 session. The court received all cases then pending before the colonial maritime commissioners and had jurisdiction in all new maritime cases, except in matters involving capital offenses. The court was composed of three judges elected by the General Assembly and sat at the state capitol as the occasion required. ","While the first ships commissioned for a Continental Navy began construction and refitting in 1775, individual colonies had issued letters of marque, or legal permission to attack and capture enemy vessels, months beforehand. On March 23, 1776, the Continental Congress began and formally allowed individual colonies to issue letters of marque to privateers across the colonies.","The terminology of litigation at Vice-Admiralty courts across the colonies vary. In Virginia, use of the terms libellant, respondent, proctor, proclamation and decree are common and require definition. A person seeking relief by presenting his case to the court in written form is a libellant, the complaint is the libel. After the libellant's claim was read in court, a judge issued to the court's Marshal a citation which might call for the vessel or cargo to be arrested, or call for her master (the respondent, the defendant at whom the libel was aimed) to appear before the court.  After the judge's proclamation was stated to the court with the respondent present, the respondent had the opportunity to submit a claim in reply to the libel. Requests for respondents to appear in court were published in the Virginia Gazette, allowing for one year's time to pass before the case could be settled without the respondent being present. Both parties could be represented in court by a proctor, a legal representative. After the court considered the libel, the answer and oral testimony of the witnesses, the judge pronounced a decree, or judgement, of the case. If the decree involved monetary appraisal or compensation, the Marshal of the court gave public notice of a sale, recorded the appraisal of value, and presented those findings to the court. Either the court register or the clerk kept notes of these proceeding. ","The law of salvage at the time varied from nation to nation. Early in the American Revolution the captain and crew responsible for salvaging, or in these cases capturing, the said vessel were entitled to one-third of value of the appraised prize by merit of the risk required to bring the vessel to port. The Royal Navy's practice was to award full value for any type of enemy ship captured. In October, 1776, the outcry from privateers convinced the Continental Congress to alter the percentage. In November, 1776, privateers received all proceeds from a captured prize, while Continental or state navy crews received one-third of the prize from a transport or supply vessel and half the total prize for a vessel of war. The prize money awarded to the navy crews were divided into twentieths after the government had taken its share. One-twentieth to the commander in chief (regardless of whether he as present at the time); two-twentieths to the captain of the vessel; three-twentieths to be divided among the masters (lieutenants and marines); two and a half-twentieths divided among the master's mates (chief gunner, carpenters, surgeons); three-twentieths divided among the petty officers; and eight and a half-twentieths went to the rest of the crew. It is worth noting that the colonies and Continental Congress during the American Revolution experienced monetary inflation, and references to British pounds should not be confused with the British pound-sterling, which was not subject to the same inflation trends.","The Court of Admiralty was abolished by an act of the General Assembly passed on December 25, 1788, effective March 4, 1789, in pursuance of the new Constitution of the United States, which gave admiralty and maritime jurisdiction to the federal courts. Those few cases of admiralty jurisdiction not taken into the federal court system were given to the newly created state district courts. "],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCourt of Admiralty Records of the Virginia Auditor of Public Accounts, 1775-1788. Accession APA 95, State government records collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Court of Admiralty Records of the Virginia Auditor of Public Accounts, 1775-1788. Accession APA 95, State government records collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.\n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is comprised of thirty-four items, of which there are four types of documents. An account relating to Graves V. Scott, undated; one Court Transcript relating to the capture of the HMS Kingfish[er], 1779, August; thirty-one Decrees, 1777, 1780-1781, 1783-1784, 1786-1788; and one document listing the supplies and operation of the HMS Kingfish[er], 1775.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe account consists of a single document recording the amount of prize sales, court costs, net proceeds, and amount to be paid to the Treasurer related to the decree of the Court of Admiralty in Williamsburg, Virginia in the case of Graves v. Scott.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe single court transcript relates to a case heard by the Court of the Admiralty in Williamsburg, Virginia, which occurred on August 17, August 18 and August 30, 1779. The case was initially heard on August 17th, 1779, presided over by Judges Benjamin Waller, Richard Cary, and William Roscow Wilson Curle Esq. James Montegue and the militia under his command, in compliance with the resolutions of the Continental Congress in 1776 which enabled private ships or vessels of war with Commissions of Letter of Marque and Reprisals to capture British vessels and cargo in the colonies, presented the HMS Kingfish[er] to the Court of Admiralty in Virginia. The cost of the capture and trial would first be taken out of the money derived from the sale of the prize, then according to the Laws of Salvage the captors are entitled to half of the value of the cargo. It was under these conditions that James Montegue and his militia found and seized the Pilot Boat Kingfish[er] with its tackle, apparel, furniture and cargo near the shores of the River Rappahannock on a date not added to the transcript. After the libellant, James Montegue, submitted his case the respondent, John Jones, was given until the following day to consider the libel. On August 18, 1779, the respondent John Jones motioned to adjourn the court until August 30 for him to respond. On August 30, 1779, the respondent argued that he knew nothing of the Pilot Boat Kingfish[er] being captured by James Montegue at the time stated by the libellant. John Jones stated that sometime during December, 1777, the Kingfish[er] was taken from the respondent who did not know its whereabouts until it was seen in possession of W. Carter Braxton at Portsmouth by W. Bigil Smith, a former owner of the ship, after which the respondent told Braxton by letter that the ship was his property. John Jones was then told by a Captain Lard, who was still in Braxton's employ, that he has seen the ship in the possession of Mr. Braxton before he began to use her to sail passengers and horses between Portsmouth and Hampton. John Jones then informed W. Braxton of his claim, and the boat was sent to Baltimore for the purpose of, John Jones believed, preventing him from regaining the Pilot Boat Kingfish[er]. The court then informed the respondent that when James Montegue found the ship near the River Rappahannock , it was aground with no persons on board her. Montegue then disposed possession of the ship to W. Carter Braxton, before obtaining legal right to her by publically posting libel with the Court of the Admiralty. The respondent John Jones then insisted that neither Montegue nor Braxton ever had a right, title, or property related to the Pilot Boat Kingfish[er]. He then stated that if they ever did, they forfeited those rights by illegal and deceptive steps taken to acquire her contrary to \"the known and established laws in such cases.\" \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe thirty-one decrees contained all follow a similar format and are the final judgements given by the Court of the Admiralty in Williamsburg Virginia, either for the libellant or for the claims of the respondent, including prize money and court cost to be paid. They are in chronological order. The libellants, respondents, prizes and value of the prizes are always listed. The presiding judges and respondents, unless otherwise noted, are not listed in the documents. In all cases present in this collection, William Russel served as the Court Clerk and Benjamin Powell served as the Marshal of the Admiralty Court in Williamsburg, Virginia. The libellant is a commissioned privateer, a member of the state or Continental navy, or a proctor who has submitted, or condemned, a captured vessel to the Vice-Admiralty Court; the respondent is either the person who formally owned the captured ship, or a proctor. Places where \"other\" libellants are indicated refer to the captain's crew. These documents contain neither the court proclamations nor the court citations which contributed to the decision found in the court's decree.  In this collection, all cases were found in favor of the libellant. Each decree addresses individual salvage cases, in some instances a single libellant will have multiple cases decided on the same day. Cases heard on the same day are group together in paragraphs. There is a shift in the court's rulings in some cases after 1786 where the libellant or respondent would receive money from the court, but the court would then charge the libellant or respondent a cost for the use of the court and Commonwealth. Includes the following decrees: \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRichard Cary, William Holt, and Ben Moore Esquire (Judges) heard a case of James Barron and other libellants against the Sloop Catherine, the Marshal paid unto the Treasurer 66 pounds, 6 shillings, and one half penny. (1777 July 7)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLibellant Elliot Sturman against the Sloop Polly, respondent John Jackson, found in favor of the libellant and the Judge ordered that the Marshal pay to the Treasurer 3326 pounds, four shillings. (1780 December 16)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJames Barron and other libellants against the Schooner Flying Fish, after the finding of this schooner had been published in the Virginia Gazette, and one year passing with no persons claiming ownership, the court Marshal paid to the Treasurer 3536 pounds, 16 shillings, 10 pence;   James Barron and other libellants against the Schooner Success, no respondent one year after the schooner's capture, the court Marshal paid to the Treasurer 4752 pounds, 2 shillings, 9 pence;   James Barron and other libellants against the Schooner Dispatch, no respondent one year after the schooner's capture, the court Marshal paid to the Treasurer 794 pounds, 15 shilling;   James Barron and other libellants against the Schooner Jane, no respondent one year after the schooner's capture, the court Marshal paid to the Treasurer 6367 pounds, 9 shillings, 3 pence;   James Barron and other libellants against the Sloop Experiment, no respondent one year after the sloop's capture, the court Marshal paid to the Treasurer 9226 pounds, 7 shillings, 7 pence;  William Morris and other libellants against the Sloop Lewis, no respondent one year after the sloop's capture, the court Marshal paid to the Treasurer 3727 pounds, 8 shillings, 4 pence;   John Reynolds and other libellants against \"Jacob a Negro man,\" found aboard the Schooner First Tryal, no respondent one year after the man and schooner's capture, the court Marshal paid to the Treasurer 1178 pounds, 8 shillings, 4 pence. (1781 November 30) \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJames Barron and other libellants against the Sloop Chance, no respondent one year after the schooner's capture, the court Marshal paid to the Treasurer 585 pounds.;  Daniel Noles Hall and other libellants against the Schooner Boat \"her name unknown,\" no respondent one year after the schooner's capture, the court Marshal paid to the Treasurer 6602 pounds, 17 shillings. (1781 December 30) \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLibellant Charles Lee Esq. against the Sloop Nancy, respondent Isaac Vinnerman, the court Marshal paid to the Treasurer 42 pounds, 16 shillings, 3 pence. (1782 March 23) \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLibellants James and Richard Barron against the Brig Menrot and cargo, respondent Samuel Beall, the court Marshal paid to the Treasurer 394 pounds, 3 shillings, 9 pence. (1782 February 12) \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLibellant William Graves against the Ship George, respondent Robert Teole appealed the ruling, the court Marshal paid to the Treasurer 676 pounds, 10 shillings, 11 pence;   John Hague libellant against the Sloop Nancy and cargo, respondent Henry Thallow appealed the ruling, the court Marshal paid to the Treasurer 55 pounds, 5 shillings. (1786 June 26) \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLibellant Augustine Tabb against the Sloop Philadelphia Packet and cargo, respondent Robert Richards appealed the ruling, the court Marshal paid to the Treasurer 340 pounds from the court out of the 797 pounds the Sloop was previously sold for;  Respondent Robert Richards would have his appeal heard if he pays the court 1000 pounds to the clerk's office within twenty days. (1786 June 27) \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRichard Cary and John Tyler (Judges) heard the case of George Nicholson against the Brig Little Nancy with its rigging, tackle and furniture, respondent not named, ordered that the libellant be paid out of the previous sale of the Brig Little Nancy from the harbor at Rocket's Landing, located in Richmond, Virginia, on July 11th, 1786, 109 pounds, 5 shillings, 9 pence, 1 farthing;   Libellant William Gatewood against the Brig Molly, respondent Robert Fairclaugh appealing the ruling, the court Marshal paid to the Treasurer 557 pounds. 8 shillings, 8 pence;   Respondent Robert Fairclaugh would have his appeal heard if he pays the court 2500 pounds to the clerk's office within twenty days. (1786 July 31) \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLibellant William Graves against the Schooner Hawk, respondent John Butler, 51 pounds, 4 shilling, 4 pence, one half penny to be paid to libellant out of the 155 pounds, 1 shilling, 6 and a half pence from the sale of the ship and cargo. The libellant was then ordered to pay the Treasurer of the court 51 pounds, 4 shillings, 4 pence, one half penny for use of the Commonwealth;   Libellant William Graves against the Schooner Two-Brothers, no respondent, the court ordered that 9 pounds, 18 shillings, 6 pence be taken out of the sale of the Two-Brothers to be paid to the libellant, the libellant is also ordered to pay to the Treasurer the same sum for the use of the Commonwealth;   Libellant James M. M. Rea against the Brig General Orde, respondent John M Clenachau, the court ordered 75 pounds, 16 shillings, 6 pence, 3 farthing to be paid to the libellant and the same sum of money to be paid back to the Treasurer for the use of the Commonwealth. (1787 January 16) \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLibellant William Gatewood against the Schooner Nancy, respondent Stewart Hallet, the court ordered that of the 309 pounds, 3 shillings, 2 pence of the sale of the Sloop Nancy, 67 pounds, 2 shillings, 7 pence be deducted from the total and paid to the libellant. The respondent was then ordered to pay the court 121 pounds, 3 pence, 3 farthings for use of the Commonwealth, also that the Treasurer to pay the libellant the like sum. (1787 March 15) \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLibellant James M. M. Rea against the Brigantine Absolonia and cargo, respondent Seth Wheaton, the court ordered that of the 511 pounds, 13 pence, the sum of 124 pounds, 4 pence be deducted and paid to the libellant. Additionally, the court ordered the Marshal to pay the Treasurer 30 pounds to be used as payment for the repairs of the court room. (1787 April 26) \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLibellant Christopher Roan against the Schooner Sally, respondent Noel Quisnel. After the sale of the Schooner Sally's cargo, amounting to 67 pounds, 17 shillings, of which 27 pounds, 5 shillings, 4 and one-half pence be paid to the respondent. The Marshal was then ordered to pay the Treasurer 20 pounds, 5 shilling, ten pence, one farthing, and the court ordered the libellant be paid the same. (1787 June 21)  Included in the same document is the clerk's note that the Marshal shall pay the Treasurer for the use of the commonwealth 174 pounds, 11 shillings, being the amount of the duties of the cargo of rum and sugar found on board the Schooner Sally. (1787 June 22) \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLibellant William Graves against the Schooner Dispatch, respondents Joseph Holmes, the court valuing the schooner and cargo at 200 pounds, ordered 34 pounds, 14 shillings, four and on-half pence be deducted out of the gross sale and paid to the respondent. The respondent was then ordered to pay the Treasurer 82 pounds, 13 shillings, 3 pence, 3 farthings being the balance due on said account, and also that he pay to the libellant the like sum of 82 pounds, 13 shillings, 3 pence, 3 farthings. (1787 August 23) \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLibellant Christopher Roan against the Sloop Dispatch, respondent John Lawson, the court valuing the sloop and cargo at 78 pounds, 8 shillings, with 23 pounds, 15 shillings, 7 pence, one-half penny to be deducted out of the gross sales and paid to the respondent. The Marshal was then ordered to pay to the Treasurer for the use of the Commonwealth and to settle the net balance 27 pounds, 6 shillings, two pence, 1 farthing, and that the like sum to be paid to the libellant. (1788 January 12) \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis decree states that the Marshal shall pay to the court of funds made by seizures and condemnations, the sum of 17 pounds, 16 shillings, 2 pence and on-half penny for repairs made to the court and jury rooms. (1788 April 23) \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLibellant Christopher Roan against the Schooner Molly, respondent James Lee, the court valuing the schooner at 49 pounds, 2 shillings, ordered that the sum of 33 pounds, 16 shillings, 8 and one-half pence be paid from the Marshal to the respondent. The court then ordered that he pay the Treasurer 7 pounds, 12 shillings, 7 and three-quarters pence for the use of the court and to pay to the libellant the same sum of 7 pounds, 12 shillings, 7 and three-quarters pence. (1788 May 26) \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLibellant Michael James against the Schooner Federal Convention, the court valuing the schooner at 58 pounds, 13 shillings, ordered that 21 pounds, 9 shilling, 8 pence be deducted out of the gross sale and paid to the libellant. The court then ordered that the libellant pay to the court the amount of 10 pounds, 17 shillings, 8 pence for the use of the Commonwealth;  Libellant William Graves against the Sloop Two-Betsey's, respondent Nathan Ranter, the court valuing the sloop 50 pounds, 19 shillings, 7 and one-half pence ordered that 28 pounds, 13 shillings, 1 and one-half pence be paid to the respondent, while 11 pounds, 2 shillings, 3 pence be paid to the Treasurer for the use of the commonwealth and the like sum of 11 pounds, 2 shillings, 3 pence be paid to the libellant. (1788 October 17) \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe List of Supplies is a single document that lists the supplies carried by the HMS Kingfisher to New York on August 27, 1775. Included are the stops the HMS Kingfisher made, to whom they sold goods, profits made, and includes signatures by the ship's captain, master, boatswain and carpenter. \u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection is comprised of thirty-four items, of which there are four types of documents. An account relating to Graves V. Scott, undated; one Court Transcript relating to the capture of the HMS Kingfish[er], 1779, August; thirty-one Decrees, 1777, 1780-1781, 1783-1784, 1786-1788; and one document listing the supplies and operation of the HMS Kingfish[er], 1775.\n","The account consists of a single document recording the amount of prize sales, court costs, net proceeds, and amount to be paid to the Treasurer related to the decree of the Court of Admiralty in Williamsburg, Virginia in the case of Graves v. Scott.","The single court transcript relates to a case heard by the Court of the Admiralty in Williamsburg, Virginia, which occurred on August 17, August 18 and August 30, 1779. The case was initially heard on August 17th, 1779, presided over by Judges Benjamin Waller, Richard Cary, and William Roscow Wilson Curle Esq. James Montegue and the militia under his command, in compliance with the resolutions of the Continental Congress in 1776 which enabled private ships or vessels of war with Commissions of Letter of Marque and Reprisals to capture British vessels and cargo in the colonies, presented the HMS Kingfish[er] to the Court of Admiralty in Virginia. The cost of the capture and trial would first be taken out of the money derived from the sale of the prize, then according to the Laws of Salvage the captors are entitled to half of the value of the cargo. It was under these conditions that James Montegue and his militia found and seized the Pilot Boat Kingfish[er] with its tackle, apparel, furniture and cargo near the shores of the River Rappahannock on a date not added to the transcript. After the libellant, James Montegue, submitted his case the respondent, John Jones, was given until the following day to consider the libel. On August 18, 1779, the respondent John Jones motioned to adjourn the court until August 30 for him to respond. On August 30, 1779, the respondent argued that he knew nothing of the Pilot Boat Kingfish[er] being captured by James Montegue at the time stated by the libellant. John Jones stated that sometime during December, 1777, the Kingfish[er] was taken from the respondent who did not know its whereabouts until it was seen in possession of W. Carter Braxton at Portsmouth by W. Bigil Smith, a former owner of the ship, after which the respondent told Braxton by letter that the ship was his property. John Jones was then told by a Captain Lard, who was still in Braxton's employ, that he has seen the ship in the possession of Mr. Braxton before he began to use her to sail passengers and horses between Portsmouth and Hampton. John Jones then informed W. Braxton of his claim, and the boat was sent to Baltimore for the purpose of, John Jones believed, preventing him from regaining the Pilot Boat Kingfish[er]. The court then informed the respondent that when James Montegue found the ship near the River Rappahannock , it was aground with no persons on board her. Montegue then disposed possession of the ship to W. Carter Braxton, before obtaining legal right to her by publically posting libel with the Court of the Admiralty. The respondent John Jones then insisted that neither Montegue nor Braxton ever had a right, title, or property related to the Pilot Boat Kingfish[er]. He then stated that if they ever did, they forfeited those rights by illegal and deceptive steps taken to acquire her contrary to \"the known and established laws in such cases.\" ","The thirty-one decrees contained all follow a similar format and are the final judgements given by the Court of the Admiralty in Williamsburg Virginia, either for the libellant or for the claims of the respondent, including prize money and court cost to be paid. They are in chronological order. The libellants, respondents, prizes and value of the prizes are always listed. The presiding judges and respondents, unless otherwise noted, are not listed in the documents. In all cases present in this collection, William Russel served as the Court Clerk and Benjamin Powell served as the Marshal of the Admiralty Court in Williamsburg, Virginia. The libellant is a commissioned privateer, a member of the state or Continental navy, or a proctor who has submitted, or condemned, a captured vessel to the Vice-Admiralty Court; the respondent is either the person who formally owned the captured ship, or a proctor. Places where \"other\" libellants are indicated refer to the captain's crew. These documents contain neither the court proclamations nor the court citations which contributed to the decision found in the court's decree.  In this collection, all cases were found in favor of the libellant. Each decree addresses individual salvage cases, in some instances a single libellant will have multiple cases decided on the same day. Cases heard on the same day are group together in paragraphs. There is a shift in the court's rulings in some cases after 1786 where the libellant or respondent would receive money from the court, but the court would then charge the libellant or respondent a cost for the use of the court and Commonwealth. Includes the following decrees: ","Richard Cary, William Holt, and Ben Moore Esquire (Judges) heard a case of James Barron and other libellants against the Sloop Catherine, the Marshal paid unto the Treasurer 66 pounds, 6 shillings, and one half penny. (1777 July 7)","Libellant Elliot Sturman against the Sloop Polly, respondent John Jackson, found in favor of the libellant and the Judge ordered that the Marshal pay to the Treasurer 3326 pounds, four shillings. (1780 December 16)","James Barron and other libellants against the Schooner Flying Fish, after the finding of this schooner had been published in the Virginia Gazette, and one year passing with no persons claiming ownership, the court Marshal paid to the Treasurer 3536 pounds, 16 shillings, 10 pence;   James Barron and other libellants against the Schooner Success, no respondent one year after the schooner's capture, the court Marshal paid to the Treasurer 4752 pounds, 2 shillings, 9 pence;   James Barron and other libellants against the Schooner Dispatch, no respondent one year after the schooner's capture, the court Marshal paid to the Treasurer 794 pounds, 15 shilling;   James Barron and other libellants against the Schooner Jane, no respondent one year after the schooner's capture, the court Marshal paid to the Treasurer 6367 pounds, 9 shillings, 3 pence;   James Barron and other libellants against the Sloop Experiment, no respondent one year after the sloop's capture, the court Marshal paid to the Treasurer 9226 pounds, 7 shillings, 7 pence;  William Morris and other libellants against the Sloop Lewis, no respondent one year after the sloop's capture, the court Marshal paid to the Treasurer 3727 pounds, 8 shillings, 4 pence;   John Reynolds and other libellants against \"Jacob a Negro man,\" found aboard the Schooner First Tryal, no respondent one year after the man and schooner's capture, the court Marshal paid to the Treasurer 1178 pounds, 8 shillings, 4 pence. (1781 November 30) ","James Barron and other libellants against the Sloop Chance, no respondent one year after the schooner's capture, the court Marshal paid to the Treasurer 585 pounds.;  Daniel Noles Hall and other libellants against the Schooner Boat \"her name unknown,\" no respondent one year after the schooner's capture, the court Marshal paid to the Treasurer 6602 pounds, 17 shillings. (1781 December 30) ","Libellant Charles Lee Esq. against the Sloop Nancy, respondent Isaac Vinnerman, the court Marshal paid to the Treasurer 42 pounds, 16 shillings, 3 pence. (1782 March 23) ","Libellants James and Richard Barron against the Brig Menrot and cargo, respondent Samuel Beall, the court Marshal paid to the Treasurer 394 pounds, 3 shillings, 9 pence. (1782 February 12) ","Libellant William Graves against the Ship George, respondent Robert Teole appealed the ruling, the court Marshal paid to the Treasurer 676 pounds, 10 shillings, 11 pence;   John Hague libellant against the Sloop Nancy and cargo, respondent Henry Thallow appealed the ruling, the court Marshal paid to the Treasurer 55 pounds, 5 shillings. (1786 June 26) ","Libellant Augustine Tabb against the Sloop Philadelphia Packet and cargo, respondent Robert Richards appealed the ruling, the court Marshal paid to the Treasurer 340 pounds from the court out of the 797 pounds the Sloop was previously sold for;  Respondent Robert Richards would have his appeal heard if he pays the court 1000 pounds to the clerk's office within twenty days. (1786 June 27) ","Richard Cary and John Tyler (Judges) heard the case of George Nicholson against the Brig Little Nancy with its rigging, tackle and furniture, respondent not named, ordered that the libellant be paid out of the previous sale of the Brig Little Nancy from the harbor at Rocket's Landing, located in Richmond, Virginia, on July 11th, 1786, 109 pounds, 5 shillings, 9 pence, 1 farthing;   Libellant William Gatewood against the Brig Molly, respondent Robert Fairclaugh appealing the ruling, the court Marshal paid to the Treasurer 557 pounds. 8 shillings, 8 pence;   Respondent Robert Fairclaugh would have his appeal heard if he pays the court 2500 pounds to the clerk's office within twenty days. (1786 July 31) ","Libellant William Graves against the Schooner Hawk, respondent John Butler, 51 pounds, 4 shilling, 4 pence, one half penny to be paid to libellant out of the 155 pounds, 1 shilling, 6 and a half pence from the sale of the ship and cargo. The libellant was then ordered to pay the Treasurer of the court 51 pounds, 4 shillings, 4 pence, one half penny for use of the Commonwealth;   Libellant William Graves against the Schooner Two-Brothers, no respondent, the court ordered that 9 pounds, 18 shillings, 6 pence be taken out of the sale of the Two-Brothers to be paid to the libellant, the libellant is also ordered to pay to the Treasurer the same sum for the use of the Commonwealth;   Libellant James M. M. Rea against the Brig General Orde, respondent John M Clenachau, the court ordered 75 pounds, 16 shillings, 6 pence, 3 farthing to be paid to the libellant and the same sum of money to be paid back to the Treasurer for the use of the Commonwealth. (1787 January 16) ","Libellant William Gatewood against the Schooner Nancy, respondent Stewart Hallet, the court ordered that of the 309 pounds, 3 shillings, 2 pence of the sale of the Sloop Nancy, 67 pounds, 2 shillings, 7 pence be deducted from the total and paid to the libellant. The respondent was then ordered to pay the court 121 pounds, 3 pence, 3 farthings for use of the Commonwealth, also that the Treasurer to pay the libellant the like sum. (1787 March 15) ","Libellant James M. M. Rea against the Brigantine Absolonia and cargo, respondent Seth Wheaton, the court ordered that of the 511 pounds, 13 pence, the sum of 124 pounds, 4 pence be deducted and paid to the libellant. Additionally, the court ordered the Marshal to pay the Treasurer 30 pounds to be used as payment for the repairs of the court room. (1787 April 26) ","Libellant Christopher Roan against the Schooner Sally, respondent Noel Quisnel. After the sale of the Schooner Sally's cargo, amounting to 67 pounds, 17 shillings, of which 27 pounds, 5 shillings, 4 and one-half pence be paid to the respondent. The Marshal was then ordered to pay the Treasurer 20 pounds, 5 shilling, ten pence, one farthing, and the court ordered the libellant be paid the same. (1787 June 21)  Included in the same document is the clerk's note that the Marshal shall pay the Treasurer for the use of the commonwealth 174 pounds, 11 shillings, being the amount of the duties of the cargo of rum and sugar found on board the Schooner Sally. (1787 June 22) ","Libellant William Graves against the Schooner Dispatch, respondents Joseph Holmes, the court valuing the schooner and cargo at 200 pounds, ordered 34 pounds, 14 shillings, four and on-half pence be deducted out of the gross sale and paid to the respondent. The respondent was then ordered to pay the Treasurer 82 pounds, 13 shillings, 3 pence, 3 farthings being the balance due on said account, and also that he pay to the libellant the like sum of 82 pounds, 13 shillings, 3 pence, 3 farthings. (1787 August 23) ","Libellant Christopher Roan against the Sloop Dispatch, respondent John Lawson, the court valuing the sloop and cargo at 78 pounds, 8 shillings, with 23 pounds, 15 shillings, 7 pence, one-half penny to be deducted out of the gross sales and paid to the respondent. The Marshal was then ordered to pay to the Treasurer for the use of the Commonwealth and to settle the net balance 27 pounds, 6 shillings, two pence, 1 farthing, and that the like sum to be paid to the libellant. (1788 January 12) ","This decree states that the Marshal shall pay to the court of funds made by seizures and condemnations, the sum of 17 pounds, 16 shillings, 2 pence and on-half penny for repairs made to the court and jury rooms. (1788 April 23) ","Libellant Christopher Roan against the Schooner Molly, respondent James Lee, the court valuing the schooner at 49 pounds, 2 shillings, ordered that the sum of 33 pounds, 16 shillings, 8 and one-half pence be paid from the Marshal to the respondent. The court then ordered that he pay the Treasurer 7 pounds, 12 shillings, 7 and three-quarters pence for the use of the court and to pay to the libellant the same sum of 7 pounds, 12 shillings, 7 and three-quarters pence. (1788 May 26) ","Libellant Michael James against the Schooner Federal Convention, the court valuing the schooner at 58 pounds, 13 shillings, ordered that 21 pounds, 9 shilling, 8 pence be deducted out of the gross sale and paid to the libellant. The court then ordered that the libellant pay to the court the amount of 10 pounds, 17 shillings, 8 pence for the use of the Commonwealth;  Libellant William Graves against the Sloop Two-Betsey's, respondent Nathan Ranter, the court valuing the sloop 50 pounds, 19 shillings, 7 and one-half pence ordered that 28 pounds, 13 shillings, 1 and one-half pence be paid to the respondent, while 11 pounds, 2 shillings, 3 pence be paid to the Treasurer for the use of the commonwealth and the like sum of 11 pounds, 2 shillings, 3 pence be paid to the libellant. (1788 October 17) ","The List of Supplies is a single document that lists the supplies carried by the HMS Kingfisher to New York on August 27, 1775. Included are the stops the HMS Kingfisher made, to whom they sold goods, profits made, and includes signatures by the ship's captain, master, boatswain and carpenter. "],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no use restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no use restrictions.\n"],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":5,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T10:43:59.683Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi04856","ead_ssi":"vi_vi04856","_root_":"vi_vi04856","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi04856","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi04856.xml","title_ssm":["A Guide to the Court of Admiralty Records of the Virginia Auditor of Public Accounts, \n1775-1788"],"title_tesim":["A Guide to the Court of Admiralty Records of the Virginia Auditor of Public Accounts, \n1775-1788"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["APA 95\n"],"text":["APA 95\n","A Guide to the Court of Admiralty Records of the Virginia Auditor of Public Accounts, \n1775-1788","There are no access restrictions.\n","Documents are arranged chronologically within each type of record.","The Court of Admiralty was created by an act of the General Assembly passed at the October 1776 session. The court received all cases then pending before the colonial maritime commissioners and had jurisdiction in all new maritime cases, except in matters involving capital offenses. The court was composed of three judges elected by the General Assembly and sat at the state capitol as the occasion required. ","While the first ships commissioned for a Continental Navy began construction and refitting in 1775, individual colonies had issued letters of marque, or legal permission to attack and capture enemy vessels, months beforehand. On March 23, 1776, the Continental Congress began and formally allowed individual colonies to issue letters of marque to privateers across the colonies.","The terminology of litigation at Vice-Admiralty courts across the colonies vary. In Virginia, use of the terms libellant, respondent, proctor, proclamation and decree are common and require definition. A person seeking relief by presenting his case to the court in written form is a libellant, the complaint is the libel. After the libellant's claim was read in court, a judge issued to the court's Marshal a citation which might call for the vessel or cargo to be arrested, or call for her master (the respondent, the defendant at whom the libel was aimed) to appear before the court.  After the judge's proclamation was stated to the court with the respondent present, the respondent had the opportunity to submit a claim in reply to the libel. Requests for respondents to appear in court were published in the Virginia Gazette, allowing for one year's time to pass before the case could be settled without the respondent being present. Both parties could be represented in court by a proctor, a legal representative. After the court considered the libel, the answer and oral testimony of the witnesses, the judge pronounced a decree, or judgement, of the case. If the decree involved monetary appraisal or compensation, the Marshal of the court gave public notice of a sale, recorded the appraisal of value, and presented those findings to the court. Either the court register or the clerk kept notes of these proceeding. ","The law of salvage at the time varied from nation to nation. Early in the American Revolution the captain and crew responsible for salvaging, or in these cases capturing, the said vessel were entitled to one-third of value of the appraised prize by merit of the risk required to bring the vessel to port. The Royal Navy's practice was to award full value for any type of enemy ship captured. In October, 1776, the outcry from privateers convinced the Continental Congress to alter the percentage. In November, 1776, privateers received all proceeds from a captured prize, while Continental or state navy crews received one-third of the prize from a transport or supply vessel and half the total prize for a vessel of war. The prize money awarded to the navy crews were divided into twentieths after the government had taken its share. One-twentieth to the commander in chief (regardless of whether he as present at the time); two-twentieths to the captain of the vessel; three-twentieths to be divided among the masters (lieutenants and marines); two and a half-twentieths divided among the master's mates (chief gunner, carpenters, surgeons); three-twentieths divided among the petty officers; and eight and a half-twentieths went to the rest of the crew. It is worth noting that the colonies and Continental Congress during the American Revolution experienced monetary inflation, and references to British pounds should not be confused with the British pound-sterling, which was not subject to the same inflation trends.","The Court of Admiralty was abolished by an act of the General Assembly passed on December 25, 1788, effective March 4, 1789, in pursuance of the new Constitution of the United States, which gave admiralty and maritime jurisdiction to the federal courts. Those few cases of admiralty jurisdiction not taken into the federal court system were given to the newly created state district courts. ","This collection is comprised of thirty-four items, of which there are four types of documents. An account relating to Graves V. Scott, undated; one Court Transcript relating to the capture of the HMS Kingfish[er], 1779, August; thirty-one Decrees, 1777, 1780-1781, 1783-1784, 1786-1788; and one document listing the supplies and operation of the HMS Kingfish[er], 1775.\n","The account consists of a single document recording the amount of prize sales, court costs, net proceeds, and amount to be paid to the Treasurer related to the decree of the Court of Admiralty in Williamsburg, Virginia in the case of Graves v. Scott.","The single court transcript relates to a case heard by the Court of the Admiralty in Williamsburg, Virginia, which occurred on August 17, August 18 and August 30, 1779. The case was initially heard on August 17th, 1779, presided over by Judges Benjamin Waller, Richard Cary, and William Roscow Wilson Curle Esq. James Montegue and the militia under his command, in compliance with the resolutions of the Continental Congress in 1776 which enabled private ships or vessels of war with Commissions of Letter of Marque and Reprisals to capture British vessels and cargo in the colonies, presented the HMS Kingfish[er] to the Court of Admiralty in Virginia. The cost of the capture and trial would first be taken out of the money derived from the sale of the prize, then according to the Laws of Salvage the captors are entitled to half of the value of the cargo. It was under these conditions that James Montegue and his militia found and seized the Pilot Boat Kingfish[er] with its tackle, apparel, furniture and cargo near the shores of the River Rappahannock on a date not added to the transcript. After the libellant, James Montegue, submitted his case the respondent, John Jones, was given until the following day to consider the libel. On August 18, 1779, the respondent John Jones motioned to adjourn the court until August 30 for him to respond. On August 30, 1779, the respondent argued that he knew nothing of the Pilot Boat Kingfish[er] being captured by James Montegue at the time stated by the libellant. John Jones stated that sometime during December, 1777, the Kingfish[er] was taken from the respondent who did not know its whereabouts until it was seen in possession of W. Carter Braxton at Portsmouth by W. Bigil Smith, a former owner of the ship, after which the respondent told Braxton by letter that the ship was his property. John Jones was then told by a Captain Lard, who was still in Braxton's employ, that he has seen the ship in the possession of Mr. Braxton before he began to use her to sail passengers and horses between Portsmouth and Hampton. John Jones then informed W. Braxton of his claim, and the boat was sent to Baltimore for the purpose of, John Jones believed, preventing him from regaining the Pilot Boat Kingfish[er]. The court then informed the respondent that when James Montegue found the ship near the River Rappahannock , it was aground with no persons on board her. Montegue then disposed possession of the ship to W. Carter Braxton, before obtaining legal right to her by publically posting libel with the Court of the Admiralty. The respondent John Jones then insisted that neither Montegue nor Braxton ever had a right, title, or property related to the Pilot Boat Kingfish[er]. He then stated that if they ever did, they forfeited those rights by illegal and deceptive steps taken to acquire her contrary to \"the known and established laws in such cases.\" ","The thirty-one decrees contained all follow a similar format and are the final judgements given by the Court of the Admiralty in Williamsburg Virginia, either for the libellant or for the claims of the respondent, including prize money and court cost to be paid. They are in chronological order. The libellants, respondents, prizes and value of the prizes are always listed. The presiding judges and respondents, unless otherwise noted, are not listed in the documents. In all cases present in this collection, William Russel served as the Court Clerk and Benjamin Powell served as the Marshal of the Admiralty Court in Williamsburg, Virginia. The libellant is a commissioned privateer, a member of the state or Continental navy, or a proctor who has submitted, or condemned, a captured vessel to the Vice-Admiralty Court; the respondent is either the person who formally owned the captured ship, or a proctor. Places where \"other\" libellants are indicated refer to the captain's crew. These documents contain neither the court proclamations nor the court citations which contributed to the decision found in the court's decree.  In this collection, all cases were found in favor of the libellant. Each decree addresses individual salvage cases, in some instances a single libellant will have multiple cases decided on the same day. Cases heard on the same day are group together in paragraphs. There is a shift in the court's rulings in some cases after 1786 where the libellant or respondent would receive money from the court, but the court would then charge the libellant or respondent a cost for the use of the court and Commonwealth. Includes the following decrees: ","Richard Cary, William Holt, and Ben Moore Esquire (Judges) heard a case of James Barron and other libellants against the Sloop Catherine, the Marshal paid unto the Treasurer 66 pounds, 6 shillings, and one half penny. (1777 July 7)","Libellant Elliot Sturman against the Sloop Polly, respondent John Jackson, found in favor of the libellant and the Judge ordered that the Marshal pay to the Treasurer 3326 pounds, four shillings. (1780 December 16)","James Barron and other libellants against the Schooner Flying Fish, after the finding of this schooner had been published in the Virginia Gazette, and one year passing with no persons claiming ownership, the court Marshal paid to the Treasurer 3536 pounds, 16 shillings, 10 pence;   James Barron and other libellants against the Schooner Success, no respondent one year after the schooner's capture, the court Marshal paid to the Treasurer 4752 pounds, 2 shillings, 9 pence;   James Barron and other libellants against the Schooner Dispatch, no respondent one year after the schooner's capture, the court Marshal paid to the Treasurer 794 pounds, 15 shilling;   James Barron and other libellants against the Schooner Jane, no respondent one year after the schooner's capture, the court Marshal paid to the Treasurer 6367 pounds, 9 shillings, 3 pence;   James Barron and other libellants against the Sloop Experiment, no respondent one year after the sloop's capture, the court Marshal paid to the Treasurer 9226 pounds, 7 shillings, 7 pence;  William Morris and other libellants against the Sloop Lewis, no respondent one year after the sloop's capture, the court Marshal paid to the Treasurer 3727 pounds, 8 shillings, 4 pence;   John Reynolds and other libellants against \"Jacob a Negro man,\" found aboard the Schooner First Tryal, no respondent one year after the man and schooner's capture, the court Marshal paid to the Treasurer 1178 pounds, 8 shillings, 4 pence. (1781 November 30) ","James Barron and other libellants against the Sloop Chance, no respondent one year after the schooner's capture, the court Marshal paid to the Treasurer 585 pounds.;  Daniel Noles Hall and other libellants against the Schooner Boat \"her name unknown,\" no respondent one year after the schooner's capture, the court Marshal paid to the Treasurer 6602 pounds, 17 shillings. (1781 December 30) ","Libellant Charles Lee Esq. against the Sloop Nancy, respondent Isaac Vinnerman, the court Marshal paid to the Treasurer 42 pounds, 16 shillings, 3 pence. (1782 March 23) ","Libellants James and Richard Barron against the Brig Menrot and cargo, respondent Samuel Beall, the court Marshal paid to the Treasurer 394 pounds, 3 shillings, 9 pence. (1782 February 12) ","Libellant William Graves against the Ship George, respondent Robert Teole appealed the ruling, the court Marshal paid to the Treasurer 676 pounds, 10 shillings, 11 pence;   John Hague libellant against the Sloop Nancy and cargo, respondent Henry Thallow appealed the ruling, the court Marshal paid to the Treasurer 55 pounds, 5 shillings. (1786 June 26) ","Libellant Augustine Tabb against the Sloop Philadelphia Packet and cargo, respondent Robert Richards appealed the ruling, the court Marshal paid to the Treasurer 340 pounds from the court out of the 797 pounds the Sloop was previously sold for;  Respondent Robert Richards would have his appeal heard if he pays the court 1000 pounds to the clerk's office within twenty days. (1786 June 27) ","Richard Cary and John Tyler (Judges) heard the case of George Nicholson against the Brig Little Nancy with its rigging, tackle and furniture, respondent not named, ordered that the libellant be paid out of the previous sale of the Brig Little Nancy from the harbor at Rocket's Landing, located in Richmond, Virginia, on July 11th, 1786, 109 pounds, 5 shillings, 9 pence, 1 farthing;   Libellant William Gatewood against the Brig Molly, respondent Robert Fairclaugh appealing the ruling, the court Marshal paid to the Treasurer 557 pounds. 8 shillings, 8 pence;   Respondent Robert Fairclaugh would have his appeal heard if he pays the court 2500 pounds to the clerk's office within twenty days. (1786 July 31) ","Libellant William Graves against the Schooner Hawk, respondent John Butler, 51 pounds, 4 shilling, 4 pence, one half penny to be paid to libellant out of the 155 pounds, 1 shilling, 6 and a half pence from the sale of the ship and cargo. The libellant was then ordered to pay the Treasurer of the court 51 pounds, 4 shillings, 4 pence, one half penny for use of the Commonwealth;   Libellant William Graves against the Schooner Two-Brothers, no respondent, the court ordered that 9 pounds, 18 shillings, 6 pence be taken out of the sale of the Two-Brothers to be paid to the libellant, the libellant is also ordered to pay to the Treasurer the same sum for the use of the Commonwealth;   Libellant James M. M. Rea against the Brig General Orde, respondent John M Clenachau, the court ordered 75 pounds, 16 shillings, 6 pence, 3 farthing to be paid to the libellant and the same sum of money to be paid back to the Treasurer for the use of the Commonwealth. (1787 January 16) ","Libellant William Gatewood against the Schooner Nancy, respondent Stewart Hallet, the court ordered that of the 309 pounds, 3 shillings, 2 pence of the sale of the Sloop Nancy, 67 pounds, 2 shillings, 7 pence be deducted from the total and paid to the libellant. The respondent was then ordered to pay the court 121 pounds, 3 pence, 3 farthings for use of the Commonwealth, also that the Treasurer to pay the libellant the like sum. (1787 March 15) ","Libellant James M. M. Rea against the Brigantine Absolonia and cargo, respondent Seth Wheaton, the court ordered that of the 511 pounds, 13 pence, the sum of 124 pounds, 4 pence be deducted and paid to the libellant. Additionally, the court ordered the Marshal to pay the Treasurer 30 pounds to be used as payment for the repairs of the court room. (1787 April 26) ","Libellant Christopher Roan against the Schooner Sally, respondent Noel Quisnel. After the sale of the Schooner Sally's cargo, amounting to 67 pounds, 17 shillings, of which 27 pounds, 5 shillings, 4 and one-half pence be paid to the respondent. The Marshal was then ordered to pay the Treasurer 20 pounds, 5 shilling, ten pence, one farthing, and the court ordered the libellant be paid the same. (1787 June 21)  Included in the same document is the clerk's note that the Marshal shall pay the Treasurer for the use of the commonwealth 174 pounds, 11 shillings, being the amount of the duties of the cargo of rum and sugar found on board the Schooner Sally. (1787 June 22) ","Libellant William Graves against the Schooner Dispatch, respondents Joseph Holmes, the court valuing the schooner and cargo at 200 pounds, ordered 34 pounds, 14 shillings, four and on-half pence be deducted out of the gross sale and paid to the respondent. The respondent was then ordered to pay the Treasurer 82 pounds, 13 shillings, 3 pence, 3 farthings being the balance due on said account, and also that he pay to the libellant the like sum of 82 pounds, 13 shillings, 3 pence, 3 farthings. (1787 August 23) ","Libellant Christopher Roan against the Sloop Dispatch, respondent John Lawson, the court valuing the sloop and cargo at 78 pounds, 8 shillings, with 23 pounds, 15 shillings, 7 pence, one-half penny to be deducted out of the gross sales and paid to the respondent. The Marshal was then ordered to pay to the Treasurer for the use of the Commonwealth and to settle the net balance 27 pounds, 6 shillings, two pence, 1 farthing, and that the like sum to be paid to the libellant. (1788 January 12) ","This decree states that the Marshal shall pay to the court of funds made by seizures and condemnations, the sum of 17 pounds, 16 shillings, 2 pence and on-half penny for repairs made to the court and jury rooms. (1788 April 23) ","Libellant Christopher Roan against the Schooner Molly, respondent James Lee, the court valuing the schooner at 49 pounds, 2 shillings, ordered that the sum of 33 pounds, 16 shillings, 8 and one-half pence be paid from the Marshal to the respondent. The court then ordered that he pay the Treasurer 7 pounds, 12 shillings, 7 and three-quarters pence for the use of the court and to pay to the libellant the same sum of 7 pounds, 12 shillings, 7 and three-quarters pence. (1788 May 26) ","Libellant Michael James against the Schooner Federal Convention, the court valuing the schooner at 58 pounds, 13 shillings, ordered that 21 pounds, 9 shilling, 8 pence be deducted out of the gross sale and paid to the libellant. The court then ordered that the libellant pay to the court the amount of 10 pounds, 17 shillings, 8 pence for the use of the Commonwealth;  Libellant William Graves against the Sloop Two-Betsey's, respondent Nathan Ranter, the court valuing the sloop 50 pounds, 19 shillings, 7 and one-half pence ordered that 28 pounds, 13 shillings, 1 and one-half pence be paid to the respondent, while 11 pounds, 2 shillings, 3 pence be paid to the Treasurer for the use of the commonwealth and the like sum of 11 pounds, 2 shillings, 3 pence be paid to the libellant. (1788 October 17) ","The List of Supplies is a single document that lists the supplies carried by the HMS Kingfisher to New York on August 27, 1775. Included are the stops the HMS Kingfisher made, to whom they sold goods, profits made, and includes signatures by the ship's captain, master, boatswain and carpenter. ","There are no use restrictions.\n","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["APA 95\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["A Guide to the Court of Admiralty Records of the Virginia Auditor of Public Accounts, \n1775-1788"],"collection_title_tesim":["A Guide to the Court of Admiralty Records of the Virginia Auditor of Public Accounts, \n1775-1788"],"collection_ssim":["A Guide to the Court of Admiralty Records of the Virginia Auditor of Public Accounts, \n1775-1788"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Auditor of Public Accounts \n"],"creator_ssim":["Auditor of Public Accounts \n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["No acquisition information available.  Received circa 1913.\n"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":[".25 cubic feet (4 folders)"],"extent_tesim":[".25 cubic feet (4 folders)"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions.\n"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDocuments are arranged chronologically within each type of record.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["Documents are arranged chronologically within each type of record."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Court of Admiralty was created by an act of the General Assembly passed at the October 1776 session. The court received all cases then pending before the colonial maritime commissioners and had jurisdiction in all new maritime cases, except in matters involving capital offenses. The court was composed of three judges elected by the General Assembly and sat at the state capitol as the occasion required. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWhile the first ships commissioned for a Continental Navy began construction and refitting in 1775, individual colonies had issued letters of marque, or legal permission to attack and capture enemy vessels, months beforehand. On March 23, 1776, the Continental Congress began and formally allowed individual colonies to issue letters of marque to privateers across the colonies.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe terminology of litigation at Vice-Admiralty courts across the colonies vary. In Virginia, use of the terms libellant, respondent, proctor, proclamation and decree are common and require definition. A person seeking relief by presenting his case to the court in written form is a libellant, the complaint is the libel. After the libellant's claim was read in court, a judge issued to the court's Marshal a citation which might call for the vessel or cargo to be arrested, or call for her master (the respondent, the defendant at whom the libel was aimed) to appear before the court.  After the judge's proclamation was stated to the court with the respondent present, the respondent had the opportunity to submit a claim in reply to the libel. Requests for respondents to appear in court were published in the Virginia Gazette, allowing for one year's time to pass before the case could be settled without the respondent being present. Both parties could be represented in court by a proctor, a legal representative. After the court considered the libel, the answer and oral testimony of the witnesses, the judge pronounced a decree, or judgement, of the case. If the decree involved monetary appraisal or compensation, the Marshal of the court gave public notice of a sale, recorded the appraisal of value, and presented those findings to the court. Either the court register or the clerk kept notes of these proceeding. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe law of salvage at the time varied from nation to nation. Early in the American Revolution the captain and crew responsible for salvaging, or in these cases capturing, the said vessel were entitled to one-third of value of the appraised prize by merit of the risk required to bring the vessel to port. The Royal Navy's practice was to award full value for any type of enemy ship captured. In October, 1776, the outcry from privateers convinced the Continental Congress to alter the percentage. In November, 1776, privateers received all proceeds from a captured prize, while Continental or state navy crews received one-third of the prize from a transport or supply vessel and half the total prize for a vessel of war. The prize money awarded to the navy crews were divided into twentieths after the government had taken its share. One-twentieth to the commander in chief (regardless of whether he as present at the time); two-twentieths to the captain of the vessel; three-twentieths to be divided among the masters (lieutenants and marines); two and a half-twentieths divided among the master's mates (chief gunner, carpenters, surgeons); three-twentieths divided among the petty officers; and eight and a half-twentieths went to the rest of the crew. It is worth noting that the colonies and Continental Congress during the American Revolution experienced monetary inflation, and references to British pounds should not be confused with the British pound-sterling, which was not subject to the same inflation trends.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Court of Admiralty was abolished by an act of the General Assembly passed on December 25, 1788, effective March 4, 1789, in pursuance of the new Constitution of the United States, which gave admiralty and maritime jurisdiction to the federal courts. Those few cases of admiralty jurisdiction not taken into the federal court system were given to the newly created state district courts. \u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Court of Admiralty was created by an act of the General Assembly passed at the October 1776 session. The court received all cases then pending before the colonial maritime commissioners and had jurisdiction in all new maritime cases, except in matters involving capital offenses. The court was composed of three judges elected by the General Assembly and sat at the state capitol as the occasion required. ","While the first ships commissioned for a Continental Navy began construction and refitting in 1775, individual colonies had issued letters of marque, or legal permission to attack and capture enemy vessels, months beforehand. On March 23, 1776, the Continental Congress began and formally allowed individual colonies to issue letters of marque to privateers across the colonies.","The terminology of litigation at Vice-Admiralty courts across the colonies vary. In Virginia, use of the terms libellant, respondent, proctor, proclamation and decree are common and require definition. A person seeking relief by presenting his case to the court in written form is a libellant, the complaint is the libel. After the libellant's claim was read in court, a judge issued to the court's Marshal a citation which might call for the vessel or cargo to be arrested, or call for her master (the respondent, the defendant at whom the libel was aimed) to appear before the court.  After the judge's proclamation was stated to the court with the respondent present, the respondent had the opportunity to submit a claim in reply to the libel. Requests for respondents to appear in court were published in the Virginia Gazette, allowing for one year's time to pass before the case could be settled without the respondent being present. Both parties could be represented in court by a proctor, a legal representative. After the court considered the libel, the answer and oral testimony of the witnesses, the judge pronounced a decree, or judgement, of the case. If the decree involved monetary appraisal or compensation, the Marshal of the court gave public notice of a sale, recorded the appraisal of value, and presented those findings to the court. Either the court register or the clerk kept notes of these proceeding. ","The law of salvage at the time varied from nation to nation. Early in the American Revolution the captain and crew responsible for salvaging, or in these cases capturing, the said vessel were entitled to one-third of value of the appraised prize by merit of the risk required to bring the vessel to port. The Royal Navy's practice was to award full value for any type of enemy ship captured. In October, 1776, the outcry from privateers convinced the Continental Congress to alter the percentage. In November, 1776, privateers received all proceeds from a captured prize, while Continental or state navy crews received one-third of the prize from a transport or supply vessel and half the total prize for a vessel of war. The prize money awarded to the navy crews were divided into twentieths after the government had taken its share. One-twentieth to the commander in chief (regardless of whether he as present at the time); two-twentieths to the captain of the vessel; three-twentieths to be divided among the masters (lieutenants and marines); two and a half-twentieths divided among the master's mates (chief gunner, carpenters, surgeons); three-twentieths divided among the petty officers; and eight and a half-twentieths went to the rest of the crew. It is worth noting that the colonies and Continental Congress during the American Revolution experienced monetary inflation, and references to British pounds should not be confused with the British pound-sterling, which was not subject to the same inflation trends.","The Court of Admiralty was abolished by an act of the General Assembly passed on December 25, 1788, effective March 4, 1789, in pursuance of the new Constitution of the United States, which gave admiralty and maritime jurisdiction to the federal courts. Those few cases of admiralty jurisdiction not taken into the federal court system were given to the newly created state district courts. "],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCourt of Admiralty Records of the Virginia Auditor of Public Accounts, 1775-1788. Accession APA 95, State government records collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Court of Admiralty Records of the Virginia Auditor of Public Accounts, 1775-1788. Accession APA 95, State government records collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.\n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is comprised of thirty-four items, of which there are four types of documents. An account relating to Graves V. Scott, undated; one Court Transcript relating to the capture of the HMS Kingfish[er], 1779, August; thirty-one Decrees, 1777, 1780-1781, 1783-1784, 1786-1788; and one document listing the supplies and operation of the HMS Kingfish[er], 1775.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe account consists of a single document recording the amount of prize sales, court costs, net proceeds, and amount to be paid to the Treasurer related to the decree of the Court of Admiralty in Williamsburg, Virginia in the case of Graves v. Scott.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe single court transcript relates to a case heard by the Court of the Admiralty in Williamsburg, Virginia, which occurred on August 17, August 18 and August 30, 1779. The case was initially heard on August 17th, 1779, presided over by Judges Benjamin Waller, Richard Cary, and William Roscow Wilson Curle Esq. James Montegue and the militia under his command, in compliance with the resolutions of the Continental Congress in 1776 which enabled private ships or vessels of war with Commissions of Letter of Marque and Reprisals to capture British vessels and cargo in the colonies, presented the HMS Kingfish[er] to the Court of Admiralty in Virginia. The cost of the capture and trial would first be taken out of the money derived from the sale of the prize, then according to the Laws of Salvage the captors are entitled to half of the value of the cargo. It was under these conditions that James Montegue and his militia found and seized the Pilot Boat Kingfish[er] with its tackle, apparel, furniture and cargo near the shores of the River Rappahannock on a date not added to the transcript. After the libellant, James Montegue, submitted his case the respondent, John Jones, was given until the following day to consider the libel. On August 18, 1779, the respondent John Jones motioned to adjourn the court until August 30 for him to respond. On August 30, 1779, the respondent argued that he knew nothing of the Pilot Boat Kingfish[er] being captured by James Montegue at the time stated by the libellant. John Jones stated that sometime during December, 1777, the Kingfish[er] was taken from the respondent who did not know its whereabouts until it was seen in possession of W. Carter Braxton at Portsmouth by W. Bigil Smith, a former owner of the ship, after which the respondent told Braxton by letter that the ship was his property. John Jones was then told by a Captain Lard, who was still in Braxton's employ, that he has seen the ship in the possession of Mr. Braxton before he began to use her to sail passengers and horses between Portsmouth and Hampton. John Jones then informed W. Braxton of his claim, and the boat was sent to Baltimore for the purpose of, John Jones believed, preventing him from regaining the Pilot Boat Kingfish[er]. The court then informed the respondent that when James Montegue found the ship near the River Rappahannock , it was aground with no persons on board her. Montegue then disposed possession of the ship to W. Carter Braxton, before obtaining legal right to her by publically posting libel with the Court of the Admiralty. The respondent John Jones then insisted that neither Montegue nor Braxton ever had a right, title, or property related to the Pilot Boat Kingfish[er]. He then stated that if they ever did, they forfeited those rights by illegal and deceptive steps taken to acquire her contrary to \"the known and established laws in such cases.\" \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe thirty-one decrees contained all follow a similar format and are the final judgements given by the Court of the Admiralty in Williamsburg Virginia, either for the libellant or for the claims of the respondent, including prize money and court cost to be paid. They are in chronological order. The libellants, respondents, prizes and value of the prizes are always listed. The presiding judges and respondents, unless otherwise noted, are not listed in the documents. In all cases present in this collection, William Russel served as the Court Clerk and Benjamin Powell served as the Marshal of the Admiralty Court in Williamsburg, Virginia. The libellant is a commissioned privateer, a member of the state or Continental navy, or a proctor who has submitted, or condemned, a captured vessel to the Vice-Admiralty Court; the respondent is either the person who formally owned the captured ship, or a proctor. Places where \"other\" libellants are indicated refer to the captain's crew. These documents contain neither the court proclamations nor the court citations which contributed to the decision found in the court's decree.  In this collection, all cases were found in favor of the libellant. Each decree addresses individual salvage cases, in some instances a single libellant will have multiple cases decided on the same day. Cases heard on the same day are group together in paragraphs. There is a shift in the court's rulings in some cases after 1786 where the libellant or respondent would receive money from the court, but the court would then charge the libellant or respondent a cost for the use of the court and Commonwealth. Includes the following decrees: \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRichard Cary, William Holt, and Ben Moore Esquire (Judges) heard a case of James Barron and other libellants against the Sloop Catherine, the Marshal paid unto the Treasurer 66 pounds, 6 shillings, and one half penny. (1777 July 7)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLibellant Elliot Sturman against the Sloop Polly, respondent John Jackson, found in favor of the libellant and the Judge ordered that the Marshal pay to the Treasurer 3326 pounds, four shillings. (1780 December 16)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJames Barron and other libellants against the Schooner Flying Fish, after the finding of this schooner had been published in the Virginia Gazette, and one year passing with no persons claiming ownership, the court Marshal paid to the Treasurer 3536 pounds, 16 shillings, 10 pence;   James Barron and other libellants against the Schooner Success, no respondent one year after the schooner's capture, the court Marshal paid to the Treasurer 4752 pounds, 2 shillings, 9 pence;   James Barron and other libellants against the Schooner Dispatch, no respondent one year after the schooner's capture, the court Marshal paid to the Treasurer 794 pounds, 15 shilling;   James Barron and other libellants against the Schooner Jane, no respondent one year after the schooner's capture, the court Marshal paid to the Treasurer 6367 pounds, 9 shillings, 3 pence;   James Barron and other libellants against the Sloop Experiment, no respondent one year after the sloop's capture, the court Marshal paid to the Treasurer 9226 pounds, 7 shillings, 7 pence;  William Morris and other libellants against the Sloop Lewis, no respondent one year after the sloop's capture, the court Marshal paid to the Treasurer 3727 pounds, 8 shillings, 4 pence;   John Reynolds and other libellants against \"Jacob a Negro man,\" found aboard the Schooner First Tryal, no respondent one year after the man and schooner's capture, the court Marshal paid to the Treasurer 1178 pounds, 8 shillings, 4 pence. (1781 November 30) \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJames Barron and other libellants against the Sloop Chance, no respondent one year after the schooner's capture, the court Marshal paid to the Treasurer 585 pounds.;  Daniel Noles Hall and other libellants against the Schooner Boat \"her name unknown,\" no respondent one year after the schooner's capture, the court Marshal paid to the Treasurer 6602 pounds, 17 shillings. (1781 December 30) \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLibellant Charles Lee Esq. against the Sloop Nancy, respondent Isaac Vinnerman, the court Marshal paid to the Treasurer 42 pounds, 16 shillings, 3 pence. (1782 March 23) \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLibellants James and Richard Barron against the Brig Menrot and cargo, respondent Samuel Beall, the court Marshal paid to the Treasurer 394 pounds, 3 shillings, 9 pence. (1782 February 12) \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLibellant William Graves against the Ship George, respondent Robert Teole appealed the ruling, the court Marshal paid to the Treasurer 676 pounds, 10 shillings, 11 pence;   John Hague libellant against the Sloop Nancy and cargo, respondent Henry Thallow appealed the ruling, the court Marshal paid to the Treasurer 55 pounds, 5 shillings. (1786 June 26) \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLibellant Augustine Tabb against the Sloop Philadelphia Packet and cargo, respondent Robert Richards appealed the ruling, the court Marshal paid to the Treasurer 340 pounds from the court out of the 797 pounds the Sloop was previously sold for;  Respondent Robert Richards would have his appeal heard if he pays the court 1000 pounds to the clerk's office within twenty days. (1786 June 27) \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRichard Cary and John Tyler (Judges) heard the case of George Nicholson against the Brig Little Nancy with its rigging, tackle and furniture, respondent not named, ordered that the libellant be paid out of the previous sale of the Brig Little Nancy from the harbor at Rocket's Landing, located in Richmond, Virginia, on July 11th, 1786, 109 pounds, 5 shillings, 9 pence, 1 farthing;   Libellant William Gatewood against the Brig Molly, respondent Robert Fairclaugh appealing the ruling, the court Marshal paid to the Treasurer 557 pounds. 8 shillings, 8 pence;   Respondent Robert Fairclaugh would have his appeal heard if he pays the court 2500 pounds to the clerk's office within twenty days. (1786 July 31) \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLibellant William Graves against the Schooner Hawk, respondent John Butler, 51 pounds, 4 shilling, 4 pence, one half penny to be paid to libellant out of the 155 pounds, 1 shilling, 6 and a half pence from the sale of the ship and cargo. The libellant was then ordered to pay the Treasurer of the court 51 pounds, 4 shillings, 4 pence, one half penny for use of the Commonwealth;   Libellant William Graves against the Schooner Two-Brothers, no respondent, the court ordered that 9 pounds, 18 shillings, 6 pence be taken out of the sale of the Two-Brothers to be paid to the libellant, the libellant is also ordered to pay to the Treasurer the same sum for the use of the Commonwealth;   Libellant James M. M. Rea against the Brig General Orde, respondent John M Clenachau, the court ordered 75 pounds, 16 shillings, 6 pence, 3 farthing to be paid to the libellant and the same sum of money to be paid back to the Treasurer for the use of the Commonwealth. (1787 January 16) \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLibellant William Gatewood against the Schooner Nancy, respondent Stewart Hallet, the court ordered that of the 309 pounds, 3 shillings, 2 pence of the sale of the Sloop Nancy, 67 pounds, 2 shillings, 7 pence be deducted from the total and paid to the libellant. The respondent was then ordered to pay the court 121 pounds, 3 pence, 3 farthings for use of the Commonwealth, also that the Treasurer to pay the libellant the like sum. (1787 March 15) \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLibellant James M. M. Rea against the Brigantine Absolonia and cargo, respondent Seth Wheaton, the court ordered that of the 511 pounds, 13 pence, the sum of 124 pounds, 4 pence be deducted and paid to the libellant. Additionally, the court ordered the Marshal to pay the Treasurer 30 pounds to be used as payment for the repairs of the court room. (1787 April 26) \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLibellant Christopher Roan against the Schooner Sally, respondent Noel Quisnel. After the sale of the Schooner Sally's cargo, amounting to 67 pounds, 17 shillings, of which 27 pounds, 5 shillings, 4 and one-half pence be paid to the respondent. The Marshal was then ordered to pay the Treasurer 20 pounds, 5 shilling, ten pence, one farthing, and the court ordered the libellant be paid the same. (1787 June 21)  Included in the same document is the clerk's note that the Marshal shall pay the Treasurer for the use of the commonwealth 174 pounds, 11 shillings, being the amount of the duties of the cargo of rum and sugar found on board the Schooner Sally. (1787 June 22) \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLibellant William Graves against the Schooner Dispatch, respondents Joseph Holmes, the court valuing the schooner and cargo at 200 pounds, ordered 34 pounds, 14 shillings, four and on-half pence be deducted out of the gross sale and paid to the respondent. The respondent was then ordered to pay the Treasurer 82 pounds, 13 shillings, 3 pence, 3 farthings being the balance due on said account, and also that he pay to the libellant the like sum of 82 pounds, 13 shillings, 3 pence, 3 farthings. (1787 August 23) \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLibellant Christopher Roan against the Sloop Dispatch, respondent John Lawson, the court valuing the sloop and cargo at 78 pounds, 8 shillings, with 23 pounds, 15 shillings, 7 pence, one-half penny to be deducted out of the gross sales and paid to the respondent. The Marshal was then ordered to pay to the Treasurer for the use of the Commonwealth and to settle the net balance 27 pounds, 6 shillings, two pence, 1 farthing, and that the like sum to be paid to the libellant. (1788 January 12) \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis decree states that the Marshal shall pay to the court of funds made by seizures and condemnations, the sum of 17 pounds, 16 shillings, 2 pence and on-half penny for repairs made to the court and jury rooms. (1788 April 23) \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLibellant Christopher Roan against the Schooner Molly, respondent James Lee, the court valuing the schooner at 49 pounds, 2 shillings, ordered that the sum of 33 pounds, 16 shillings, 8 and one-half pence be paid from the Marshal to the respondent. The court then ordered that he pay the Treasurer 7 pounds, 12 shillings, 7 and three-quarters pence for the use of the court and to pay to the libellant the same sum of 7 pounds, 12 shillings, 7 and three-quarters pence. (1788 May 26) \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLibellant Michael James against the Schooner Federal Convention, the court valuing the schooner at 58 pounds, 13 shillings, ordered that 21 pounds, 9 shilling, 8 pence be deducted out of the gross sale and paid to the libellant. The court then ordered that the libellant pay to the court the amount of 10 pounds, 17 shillings, 8 pence for the use of the Commonwealth;  Libellant William Graves against the Sloop Two-Betsey's, respondent Nathan Ranter, the court valuing the sloop 50 pounds, 19 shillings, 7 and one-half pence ordered that 28 pounds, 13 shillings, 1 and one-half pence be paid to the respondent, while 11 pounds, 2 shillings, 3 pence be paid to the Treasurer for the use of the commonwealth and the like sum of 11 pounds, 2 shillings, 3 pence be paid to the libellant. (1788 October 17) \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe List of Supplies is a single document that lists the supplies carried by the HMS Kingfisher to New York on August 27, 1775. Included are the stops the HMS Kingfisher made, to whom they sold goods, profits made, and includes signatures by the ship's captain, master, boatswain and carpenter. \u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection is comprised of thirty-four items, of which there are four types of documents. An account relating to Graves V. Scott, undated; one Court Transcript relating to the capture of the HMS Kingfish[er], 1779, August; thirty-one Decrees, 1777, 1780-1781, 1783-1784, 1786-1788; and one document listing the supplies and operation of the HMS Kingfish[er], 1775.\n","The account consists of a single document recording the amount of prize sales, court costs, net proceeds, and amount to be paid to the Treasurer related to the decree of the Court of Admiralty in Williamsburg, Virginia in the case of Graves v. Scott.","The single court transcript relates to a case heard by the Court of the Admiralty in Williamsburg, Virginia, which occurred on August 17, August 18 and August 30, 1779. The case was initially heard on August 17th, 1779, presided over by Judges Benjamin Waller, Richard Cary, and William Roscow Wilson Curle Esq. James Montegue and the militia under his command, in compliance with the resolutions of the Continental Congress in 1776 which enabled private ships or vessels of war with Commissions of Letter of Marque and Reprisals to capture British vessels and cargo in the colonies, presented the HMS Kingfish[er] to the Court of Admiralty in Virginia. The cost of the capture and trial would first be taken out of the money derived from the sale of the prize, then according to the Laws of Salvage the captors are entitled to half of the value of the cargo. It was under these conditions that James Montegue and his militia found and seized the Pilot Boat Kingfish[er] with its tackle, apparel, furniture and cargo near the shores of the River Rappahannock on a date not added to the transcript. After the libellant, James Montegue, submitted his case the respondent, John Jones, was given until the following day to consider the libel. On August 18, 1779, the respondent John Jones motioned to adjourn the court until August 30 for him to respond. On August 30, 1779, the respondent argued that he knew nothing of the Pilot Boat Kingfish[er] being captured by James Montegue at the time stated by the libellant. John Jones stated that sometime during December, 1777, the Kingfish[er] was taken from the respondent who did not know its whereabouts until it was seen in possession of W. Carter Braxton at Portsmouth by W. Bigil Smith, a former owner of the ship, after which the respondent told Braxton by letter that the ship was his property. John Jones was then told by a Captain Lard, who was still in Braxton's employ, that he has seen the ship in the possession of Mr. Braxton before he began to use her to sail passengers and horses between Portsmouth and Hampton. John Jones then informed W. Braxton of his claim, and the boat was sent to Baltimore for the purpose of, John Jones believed, preventing him from regaining the Pilot Boat Kingfish[er]. The court then informed the respondent that when James Montegue found the ship near the River Rappahannock , it was aground with no persons on board her. Montegue then disposed possession of the ship to W. Carter Braxton, before obtaining legal right to her by publically posting libel with the Court of the Admiralty. The respondent John Jones then insisted that neither Montegue nor Braxton ever had a right, title, or property related to the Pilot Boat Kingfish[er]. He then stated that if they ever did, they forfeited those rights by illegal and deceptive steps taken to acquire her contrary to \"the known and established laws in such cases.\" ","The thirty-one decrees contained all follow a similar format and are the final judgements given by the Court of the Admiralty in Williamsburg Virginia, either for the libellant or for the claims of the respondent, including prize money and court cost to be paid. They are in chronological order. The libellants, respondents, prizes and value of the prizes are always listed. The presiding judges and respondents, unless otherwise noted, are not listed in the documents. In all cases present in this collection, William Russel served as the Court Clerk and Benjamin Powell served as the Marshal of the Admiralty Court in Williamsburg, Virginia. The libellant is a commissioned privateer, a member of the state or Continental navy, or a proctor who has submitted, or condemned, a captured vessel to the Vice-Admiralty Court; the respondent is either the person who formally owned the captured ship, or a proctor. Places where \"other\" libellants are indicated refer to the captain's crew. These documents contain neither the court proclamations nor the court citations which contributed to the decision found in the court's decree.  In this collection, all cases were found in favor of the libellant. Each decree addresses individual salvage cases, in some instances a single libellant will have multiple cases decided on the same day. Cases heard on the same day are group together in paragraphs. There is a shift in the court's rulings in some cases after 1786 where the libellant or respondent would receive money from the court, but the court would then charge the libellant or respondent a cost for the use of the court and Commonwealth. Includes the following decrees: ","Richard Cary, William Holt, and Ben Moore Esquire (Judges) heard a case of James Barron and other libellants against the Sloop Catherine, the Marshal paid unto the Treasurer 66 pounds, 6 shillings, and one half penny. (1777 July 7)","Libellant Elliot Sturman against the Sloop Polly, respondent John Jackson, found in favor of the libellant and the Judge ordered that the Marshal pay to the Treasurer 3326 pounds, four shillings. (1780 December 16)","James Barron and other libellants against the Schooner Flying Fish, after the finding of this schooner had been published in the Virginia Gazette, and one year passing with no persons claiming ownership, the court Marshal paid to the Treasurer 3536 pounds, 16 shillings, 10 pence;   James Barron and other libellants against the Schooner Success, no respondent one year after the schooner's capture, the court Marshal paid to the Treasurer 4752 pounds, 2 shillings, 9 pence;   James Barron and other libellants against the Schooner Dispatch, no respondent one year after the schooner's capture, the court Marshal paid to the Treasurer 794 pounds, 15 shilling;   James Barron and other libellants against the Schooner Jane, no respondent one year after the schooner's capture, the court Marshal paid to the Treasurer 6367 pounds, 9 shillings, 3 pence;   James Barron and other libellants against the Sloop Experiment, no respondent one year after the sloop's capture, the court Marshal paid to the Treasurer 9226 pounds, 7 shillings, 7 pence;  William Morris and other libellants against the Sloop Lewis, no respondent one year after the sloop's capture, the court Marshal paid to the Treasurer 3727 pounds, 8 shillings, 4 pence;   John Reynolds and other libellants against \"Jacob a Negro man,\" found aboard the Schooner First Tryal, no respondent one year after the man and schooner's capture, the court Marshal paid to the Treasurer 1178 pounds, 8 shillings, 4 pence. (1781 November 30) ","James Barron and other libellants against the Sloop Chance, no respondent one year after the schooner's capture, the court Marshal paid to the Treasurer 585 pounds.;  Daniel Noles Hall and other libellants against the Schooner Boat \"her name unknown,\" no respondent one year after the schooner's capture, the court Marshal paid to the Treasurer 6602 pounds, 17 shillings. (1781 December 30) ","Libellant Charles Lee Esq. against the Sloop Nancy, respondent Isaac Vinnerman, the court Marshal paid to the Treasurer 42 pounds, 16 shillings, 3 pence. (1782 March 23) ","Libellants James and Richard Barron against the Brig Menrot and cargo, respondent Samuel Beall, the court Marshal paid to the Treasurer 394 pounds, 3 shillings, 9 pence. (1782 February 12) ","Libellant William Graves against the Ship George, respondent Robert Teole appealed the ruling, the court Marshal paid to the Treasurer 676 pounds, 10 shillings, 11 pence;   John Hague libellant against the Sloop Nancy and cargo, respondent Henry Thallow appealed the ruling, the court Marshal paid to the Treasurer 55 pounds, 5 shillings. (1786 June 26) ","Libellant Augustine Tabb against the Sloop Philadelphia Packet and cargo, respondent Robert Richards appealed the ruling, the court Marshal paid to the Treasurer 340 pounds from the court out of the 797 pounds the Sloop was previously sold for;  Respondent Robert Richards would have his appeal heard if he pays the court 1000 pounds to the clerk's office within twenty days. (1786 June 27) ","Richard Cary and John Tyler (Judges) heard the case of George Nicholson against the Brig Little Nancy with its rigging, tackle and furniture, respondent not named, ordered that the libellant be paid out of the previous sale of the Brig Little Nancy from the harbor at Rocket's Landing, located in Richmond, Virginia, on July 11th, 1786, 109 pounds, 5 shillings, 9 pence, 1 farthing;   Libellant William Gatewood against the Brig Molly, respondent Robert Fairclaugh appealing the ruling, the court Marshal paid to the Treasurer 557 pounds. 8 shillings, 8 pence;   Respondent Robert Fairclaugh would have his appeal heard if he pays the court 2500 pounds to the clerk's office within twenty days. (1786 July 31) ","Libellant William Graves against the Schooner Hawk, respondent John Butler, 51 pounds, 4 shilling, 4 pence, one half penny to be paid to libellant out of the 155 pounds, 1 shilling, 6 and a half pence from the sale of the ship and cargo. The libellant was then ordered to pay the Treasurer of the court 51 pounds, 4 shillings, 4 pence, one half penny for use of the Commonwealth;   Libellant William Graves against the Schooner Two-Brothers, no respondent, the court ordered that 9 pounds, 18 shillings, 6 pence be taken out of the sale of the Two-Brothers to be paid to the libellant, the libellant is also ordered to pay to the Treasurer the same sum for the use of the Commonwealth;   Libellant James M. M. Rea against the Brig General Orde, respondent John M Clenachau, the court ordered 75 pounds, 16 shillings, 6 pence, 3 farthing to be paid to the libellant and the same sum of money to be paid back to the Treasurer for the use of the Commonwealth. (1787 January 16) ","Libellant William Gatewood against the Schooner Nancy, respondent Stewart Hallet, the court ordered that of the 309 pounds, 3 shillings, 2 pence of the sale of the Sloop Nancy, 67 pounds, 2 shillings, 7 pence be deducted from the total and paid to the libellant. The respondent was then ordered to pay the court 121 pounds, 3 pence, 3 farthings for use of the Commonwealth, also that the Treasurer to pay the libellant the like sum. (1787 March 15) ","Libellant James M. M. Rea against the Brigantine Absolonia and cargo, respondent Seth Wheaton, the court ordered that of the 511 pounds, 13 pence, the sum of 124 pounds, 4 pence be deducted and paid to the libellant. Additionally, the court ordered the Marshal to pay the Treasurer 30 pounds to be used as payment for the repairs of the court room. (1787 April 26) ","Libellant Christopher Roan against the Schooner Sally, respondent Noel Quisnel. After the sale of the Schooner Sally's cargo, amounting to 67 pounds, 17 shillings, of which 27 pounds, 5 shillings, 4 and one-half pence be paid to the respondent. The Marshal was then ordered to pay the Treasurer 20 pounds, 5 shilling, ten pence, one farthing, and the court ordered the libellant be paid the same. (1787 June 21)  Included in the same document is the clerk's note that the Marshal shall pay the Treasurer for the use of the commonwealth 174 pounds, 11 shillings, being the amount of the duties of the cargo of rum and sugar found on board the Schooner Sally. (1787 June 22) ","Libellant William Graves against the Schooner Dispatch, respondents Joseph Holmes, the court valuing the schooner and cargo at 200 pounds, ordered 34 pounds, 14 shillings, four and on-half pence be deducted out of the gross sale and paid to the respondent. The respondent was then ordered to pay the Treasurer 82 pounds, 13 shillings, 3 pence, 3 farthings being the balance due on said account, and also that he pay to the libellant the like sum of 82 pounds, 13 shillings, 3 pence, 3 farthings. (1787 August 23) ","Libellant Christopher Roan against the Sloop Dispatch, respondent John Lawson, the court valuing the sloop and cargo at 78 pounds, 8 shillings, with 23 pounds, 15 shillings, 7 pence, one-half penny to be deducted out of the gross sales and paid to the respondent. The Marshal was then ordered to pay to the Treasurer for the use of the Commonwealth and to settle the net balance 27 pounds, 6 shillings, two pence, 1 farthing, and that the like sum to be paid to the libellant. (1788 January 12) ","This decree states that the Marshal shall pay to the court of funds made by seizures and condemnations, the sum of 17 pounds, 16 shillings, 2 pence and on-half penny for repairs made to the court and jury rooms. (1788 April 23) ","Libellant Christopher Roan against the Schooner Molly, respondent James Lee, the court valuing the schooner at 49 pounds, 2 shillings, ordered that the sum of 33 pounds, 16 shillings, 8 and one-half pence be paid from the Marshal to the respondent. The court then ordered that he pay the Treasurer 7 pounds, 12 shillings, 7 and three-quarters pence for the use of the court and to pay to the libellant the same sum of 7 pounds, 12 shillings, 7 and three-quarters pence. (1788 May 26) ","Libellant Michael James against the Schooner Federal Convention, the court valuing the schooner at 58 pounds, 13 shillings, ordered that 21 pounds, 9 shilling, 8 pence be deducted out of the gross sale and paid to the libellant. The court then ordered that the libellant pay to the court the amount of 10 pounds, 17 shillings, 8 pence for the use of the Commonwealth;  Libellant William Graves against the Sloop Two-Betsey's, respondent Nathan Ranter, the court valuing the sloop 50 pounds, 19 shillings, 7 and one-half pence ordered that 28 pounds, 13 shillings, 1 and one-half pence be paid to the respondent, while 11 pounds, 2 shillings, 3 pence be paid to the Treasurer for the use of the commonwealth and the like sum of 11 pounds, 2 shillings, 3 pence be paid to the libellant. (1788 October 17) ","The List of Supplies is a single document that lists the supplies carried by the HMS Kingfisher to New York on August 27, 1775. Included are the stops the HMS Kingfisher made, to whom they sold goods, profits made, and includes signatures by the ship's captain, master, boatswain and carpenter. "],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no use restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no use restrictions.\n"],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":5,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T10:43:59.683Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi04856"}},{"id":"vi_vi01213","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"A Guide to the Department of Education, School Buildings Service, Architectural drawings and plans,\n1920-1970","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi01213#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis accession consists of original pencil on tracing paper architectural drawings and plans, renderings and prints for both urban and rural schools in Virginia from 1920-1970. The collection is arranged into three series: Series I. Localities, which consists of drawings for specific schools in those locations; Series II. Renderings/Photographs, which consists of architectural renderings and photographs of school buildings, including the original schools on the particular site, as well as newly constructed schools; Series III. Standard Plans, which consists of standardized plans for various types of school buildings and related structures; and Series IV. Drawings on Microfilm Only, which consists of a variety of school drawings and plans for which the Library of Virginia does not hold the originals. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi01213#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vi_vi01213","ead_ssi":"vi_vi01213","_root_":"vi_vi01213","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi01213","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi01213.xml","title_ssm":["A Guide to the Department of Education, School Buildings Service, Architectural drawings and plans,\n1920-1970"],"title_tesim":["A Guide to the Department of Education, School Buildings Service, Architectural drawings and plans,\n1920-1970"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["28487\n"],"text":["28487\n","A Guide to the Department of Education, School Buildings Service, Architectural drawings and plans,\n1920-1970","Consists of approximately 3600 sheets of mostly pencil on paper with some blueprints, Diazo prints, photographs, and color renderings.","There are no access restrictions.\n","Most of the original documents in this collection are also available on microfilm (miscellaneous reels 1830-1837). Researchers should note that material in Series III. is not available on film, but the drawings and plans in Series IV. are only available on film.  Please see the individual series descriptions for information on specific reel assignments.\n","Series I. Localities Series II. Renderings/Photographs Series III. Standard Plans Series IV. Drawings on Microfilm Only","Arranged alphabetically by locality. ","Folders 1-L-1 through 3-R-16 can be found on Miscellaneous Reel 1832.","Folders 3-R-17 through 6-L-10 can be found on Miscellaneous Reel 1833.","Folders 6-L-11 through 7-R-7 can be found on Miscellaneous Reel 1834.","Folders 7-R-8 through 9-R-4 can be found on Miscellaneous Reel 1835.","Folders 9-R-5 through 10-L-17 can be found on Miscellaneous Reel 1836.","Folders 10-L-18 through 13-L-12 can be found on Miscellaneous Reel 1837, excluding folders 12-L-9 and 12-R-1 which were not filmed.","There is no particular method of arrangement.\n","There is no particular method of arrangement.","All drawings in box 10 within Series III. can be found on Miscellaneous Reel 1837. ","The drawings found in boxes 11-13 are not on film.","There is no particular method of arrangement.\n","Originally commissioned to ensure that requirements for light, air, sanitation, and fire safety established in the 1919 Code of Virginia were met, the Division of School Buildings gradually assumed the\nresponsibility of designing or accepting plans for newly consolidated and reformed schools. Though slight modifications to the plans could be made to conform to each region's aesthetic preference, the basic plan,\ndesigned to positively affect the educational experience of the students, came from the Division of School Buildings.\n","As a matter of form, school designs and plans are submitted to The Department of Education's Facilities Management Division today, though the individual localities themselves choose and approve designs for\ntheir schools.\n","This accession consists of original pencil on tracing paper architectural drawings and plans, renderings and prints for both urban and rural schools in Virginia from 1920-1970. The collection is arranged into three series: Series I. Localities, which consists of drawings for specific schools in those locations; Series II. Renderings/Photographs, which consists of architectural renderings and photographs of school buildings, including the original schools on the particular site, as well as newly constructed schools; Series III. Standard Plans, which consists of standardized plans for various types of school buildings and related structures; and Series IV. Drawings on Microfilm Only, which consists of a variety of school drawings and plans for which the Library of Virginia does not hold the originals.\n","The majority of these plans were designed by in-house architects, however, some outside professionals were utilized. While most are standard designs, aesthetic additions were made to individual buildings to suit the architectural character of the locality or municipality. Many of the structures represented were new construction undertaken as a result of education reforms in the first half of the 20th century.\n","Contains drawings for specific schools in various Virginia localities. \n","Consists of architectural renderings and photographs of school buildings. These include the original schools on the particular site, as well as newly constructed schools.\n","Consists of standardized plans for various types of school buildings and related structures. \n","Contains a variety of school drawings and plans for which the Library of Virginia does not hold the originals.  This material is available only on microfilm.\n","There are no restrictions.\n","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["28487\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["A Guide to the Department of Education, School Buildings Service, Architectural drawings and plans,\n1920-1970"],"collection_title_tesim":["A Guide to the Department of Education, School Buildings Service, Architectural drawings and plans,\n1920-1970"],"collection_ssim":["A Guide to the Department of Education, School Buildings Service, Architectural drawings and plans,\n1920-1970"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Transferred from the Department of Education School Buildings Service, Richmond, Virginia, 19 November 1974.\n"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["Consists of approximately 3600 sheets of mostly pencil on paper with some blueprints, Diazo prints, photographs, and color renderings."],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions.\n"],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMost of the original documents in this collection are also available on microfilm (miscellaneous reels 1830-1837). Researchers should note that material in Series III. is not available on film, but the drawings and plans in Series IV. are only available on film.  Please see the individual series descriptions for information on specific reel assignments.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Alternative Form Available\n"],"altformavail_tesim":["Most of the original documents in this collection are also available on microfilm (miscellaneous reels 1830-1837). Researchers should note that material in Series III. is not available on film, but the drawings and plans in Series IV. are only available on film.  Please see the individual series descriptions for information on specific reel assignments.\n"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003clist\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSeries I. Localities\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSeries II. Renderings/Photographs\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSeries III. Standard Plans\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSeries IV. Drawings on Microfilm Only\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/list\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged alphabetically by locality. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolders 1-L-1 through 3-R-16 can be found on Miscellaneous Reel 1832.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolders 3-R-17 through 6-L-10 can be found on Miscellaneous Reel 1833.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolders 6-L-11 through 7-R-7 can be found on Miscellaneous Reel 1834.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolders 7-R-8 through 9-R-4 can be found on Miscellaneous Reel 1835.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolders 9-R-5 through 10-L-17 can be found on Miscellaneous Reel 1836.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolders 10-L-18 through 13-L-12 can be found on Miscellaneous Reel 1837, excluding folders 12-L-9 and 12-R-1 which were not filmed.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere is no particular method of arrangement.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere is no particular method of arrangement.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAll drawings in box 10 within Series III. can be found on Miscellaneous Reel 1837. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe drawings found in boxes 11-13 are not on film.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere is no particular method of arrangement.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["Series I. Localities Series II. Renderings/Photographs Series III. Standard Plans Series IV. Drawings on Microfilm Only","Arranged alphabetically by locality. ","Folders 1-L-1 through 3-R-16 can be found on Miscellaneous Reel 1832.","Folders 3-R-17 through 6-L-10 can be found on Miscellaneous Reel 1833.","Folders 6-L-11 through 7-R-7 can be found on Miscellaneous Reel 1834.","Folders 7-R-8 through 9-R-4 can be found on Miscellaneous Reel 1835.","Folders 9-R-5 through 10-L-17 can be found on Miscellaneous Reel 1836.","Folders 10-L-18 through 13-L-12 can be found on Miscellaneous Reel 1837, excluding folders 12-L-9 and 12-R-1 which were not filmed.","There is no particular method of arrangement.\n","There is no particular method of arrangement.","All drawings in box 10 within Series III. can be found on Miscellaneous Reel 1837. ","The drawings found in boxes 11-13 are not on film.","There is no particular method of arrangement.\n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOriginally commissioned to ensure that requirements for light, air, sanitation, and fire safety established in the 1919 Code of Virginia were met, the Division of School Buildings gradually assumed the\nresponsibility of designing or accepting plans for newly consolidated and reformed schools. Though slight modifications to the plans could be made to conform to each region's aesthetic preference, the basic plan,\ndesigned to positively affect the educational experience of the students, came from the Division of School Buildings.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAs a matter of form, school designs and plans are submitted to The Department of Education's Facilities Management Division today, though the individual localities themselves choose and approve designs for\ntheir schools.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical/Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Originally commissioned to ensure that requirements for light, air, sanitation, and fire safety established in the 1919 Code of Virginia were met, the Division of School Buildings gradually assumed the\nresponsibility of designing or accepting plans for newly consolidated and reformed schools. Though slight modifications to the plans could be made to conform to each region's aesthetic preference, the basic plan,\ndesigned to positively affect the educational experience of the students, came from the Division of School Buildings.\n","As a matter of form, school designs and plans are submitted to The Department of Education's Facilities Management Division today, though the individual localities themselves choose and approve designs for\ntheir schools.\n"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eVirginia Dept. of Education, School Buildings Service, Architectural drawings and plans, 1920-1970. Accession 28487. State government records collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Virginia Dept. of Education, School Buildings Service, Architectural drawings and plans, 1920-1970. Accession 28487. State government records collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.\n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis accession consists of original pencil on tracing paper architectural drawings and plans, renderings and prints for both urban and rural schools in Virginia from 1920-1970. The collection is arranged into three series: Series I. Localities, which consists of drawings for specific schools in those locations; Series II. Renderings/Photographs, which consists of architectural renderings and photographs of school buildings, including the original schools on the particular site, as well as newly constructed schools; Series III. Standard Plans, which consists of standardized plans for various types of school buildings and related structures; and Series IV. Drawings on Microfilm Only, which consists of a variety of school drawings and plans for which the Library of Virginia does not hold the originals.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe majority of these plans were designed by in-house architects, however, some outside professionals were utilized. While most are standard designs, aesthetic additions were made to individual buildings to suit the architectural character of the locality or municipality. Many of the structures represented were new construction undertaken as a result of education reforms in the first half of the 20th century.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains drawings for specific schools in various Virginia localities. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eConsists of architectural renderings and photographs of school buildings. These include the original schools on the particular site, as well as newly constructed schools.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eConsists of standardized plans for various types of school buildings and related structures. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains a variety of school drawings and plans for which the Library of Virginia does not hold the originals.  This material is available only on microfilm.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This accession consists of original pencil on tracing paper architectural drawings and plans, renderings and prints for both urban and rural schools in Virginia from 1920-1970. The collection is arranged into three series: Series I. Localities, which consists of drawings for specific schools in those locations; Series II. Renderings/Photographs, which consists of architectural renderings and photographs of school buildings, including the original schools on the particular site, as well as newly constructed schools; Series III. Standard Plans, which consists of standardized plans for various types of school buildings and related structures; and Series IV. Drawings on Microfilm Only, which consists of a variety of school drawings and plans for which the Library of Virginia does not hold the originals.\n","The majority of these plans were designed by in-house architects, however, some outside professionals were utilized. While most are standard designs, aesthetic additions were made to individual buildings to suit the architectural character of the locality or municipality. Many of the structures represented were new construction undertaken as a result of education reforms in the first half of the 20th century.\n","Contains drawings for specific schools in various Virginia localities. \n","Consists of architectural renderings and photographs of school buildings. These include the original schools on the particular site, as well as newly constructed schools.\n","Consists of standardized plans for various types of school buildings and related structures. \n","Contains a variety of school drawings and plans for which the Library of Virginia does not hold the originals.  This material is available only on microfilm.\n"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":698,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T10:41:38.476Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi01213","ead_ssi":"vi_vi01213","_root_":"vi_vi01213","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi01213","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi01213.xml","title_ssm":["A Guide to the Department of Education, School Buildings Service, Architectural drawings and plans,\n1920-1970"],"title_tesim":["A Guide to the Department of Education, School Buildings Service, Architectural drawings and plans,\n1920-1970"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["28487\n"],"text":["28487\n","A Guide to the Department of Education, School Buildings Service, Architectural drawings and plans,\n1920-1970","Consists of approximately 3600 sheets of mostly pencil on paper with some blueprints, Diazo prints, photographs, and color renderings.","There are no access restrictions.\n","Most of the original documents in this collection are also available on microfilm (miscellaneous reels 1830-1837). Researchers should note that material in Series III. is not available on film, but the drawings and plans in Series IV. are only available on film.  Please see the individual series descriptions for information on specific reel assignments.\n","Series I. Localities Series II. Renderings/Photographs Series III. Standard Plans Series IV. Drawings on Microfilm Only","Arranged alphabetically by locality. ","Folders 1-L-1 through 3-R-16 can be found on Miscellaneous Reel 1832.","Folders 3-R-17 through 6-L-10 can be found on Miscellaneous Reel 1833.","Folders 6-L-11 through 7-R-7 can be found on Miscellaneous Reel 1834.","Folders 7-R-8 through 9-R-4 can be found on Miscellaneous Reel 1835.","Folders 9-R-5 through 10-L-17 can be found on Miscellaneous Reel 1836.","Folders 10-L-18 through 13-L-12 can be found on Miscellaneous Reel 1837, excluding folders 12-L-9 and 12-R-1 which were not filmed.","There is no particular method of arrangement.\n","There is no particular method of arrangement.","All drawings in box 10 within Series III. can be found on Miscellaneous Reel 1837. ","The drawings found in boxes 11-13 are not on film.","There is no particular method of arrangement.\n","Originally commissioned to ensure that requirements for light, air, sanitation, and fire safety established in the 1919 Code of Virginia were met, the Division of School Buildings gradually assumed the\nresponsibility of designing or accepting plans for newly consolidated and reformed schools. Though slight modifications to the plans could be made to conform to each region's aesthetic preference, the basic plan,\ndesigned to positively affect the educational experience of the students, came from the Division of School Buildings.\n","As a matter of form, school designs and plans are submitted to The Department of Education's Facilities Management Division today, though the individual localities themselves choose and approve designs for\ntheir schools.\n","This accession consists of original pencil on tracing paper architectural drawings and plans, renderings and prints for both urban and rural schools in Virginia from 1920-1970. The collection is arranged into three series: Series I. Localities, which consists of drawings for specific schools in those locations; Series II. Renderings/Photographs, which consists of architectural renderings and photographs of school buildings, including the original schools on the particular site, as well as newly constructed schools; Series III. Standard Plans, which consists of standardized plans for various types of school buildings and related structures; and Series IV. Drawings on Microfilm Only, which consists of a variety of school drawings and plans for which the Library of Virginia does not hold the originals.\n","The majority of these plans were designed by in-house architects, however, some outside professionals were utilized. While most are standard designs, aesthetic additions were made to individual buildings to suit the architectural character of the locality or municipality. Many of the structures represented were new construction undertaken as a result of education reforms in the first half of the 20th century.\n","Contains drawings for specific schools in various Virginia localities. \n","Consists of architectural renderings and photographs of school buildings. These include the original schools on the particular site, as well as newly constructed schools.\n","Consists of standardized plans for various types of school buildings and related structures. \n","Contains a variety of school drawings and plans for which the Library of Virginia does not hold the originals.  This material is available only on microfilm.\n","There are no restrictions.\n","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["28487\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["A Guide to the Department of Education, School Buildings Service, Architectural drawings and plans,\n1920-1970"],"collection_title_tesim":["A Guide to the Department of Education, School Buildings Service, Architectural drawings and plans,\n1920-1970"],"collection_ssim":["A Guide to the Department of Education, School Buildings Service, Architectural drawings and plans,\n1920-1970"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Transferred from the Department of Education School Buildings Service, Richmond, Virginia, 19 November 1974.\n"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["Consists of approximately 3600 sheets of mostly pencil on paper with some blueprints, Diazo prints, photographs, and color renderings."],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions.\n"],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMost of the original documents in this collection are also available on microfilm (miscellaneous reels 1830-1837). Researchers should note that material in Series III. is not available on film, but the drawings and plans in Series IV. are only available on film.  Please see the individual series descriptions for information on specific reel assignments.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Alternative Form Available\n"],"altformavail_tesim":["Most of the original documents in this collection are also available on microfilm (miscellaneous reels 1830-1837). Researchers should note that material in Series III. is not available on film, but the drawings and plans in Series IV. are only available on film.  Please see the individual series descriptions for information on specific reel assignments.\n"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003clist\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSeries I. Localities\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSeries II. Renderings/Photographs\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSeries III. Standard Plans\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSeries IV. Drawings on Microfilm Only\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/list\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged alphabetically by locality. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolders 1-L-1 through 3-R-16 can be found on Miscellaneous Reel 1832.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolders 3-R-17 through 6-L-10 can be found on Miscellaneous Reel 1833.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolders 6-L-11 through 7-R-7 can be found on Miscellaneous Reel 1834.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolders 7-R-8 through 9-R-4 can be found on Miscellaneous Reel 1835.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolders 9-R-5 through 10-L-17 can be found on Miscellaneous Reel 1836.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolders 10-L-18 through 13-L-12 can be found on Miscellaneous Reel 1837, excluding folders 12-L-9 and 12-R-1 which were not filmed.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere is no particular method of arrangement.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere is no particular method of arrangement.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAll drawings in box 10 within Series III. can be found on Miscellaneous Reel 1837. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe drawings found in boxes 11-13 are not on film.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere is no particular method of arrangement.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["Series I. Localities Series II. Renderings/Photographs Series III. Standard Plans Series IV. Drawings on Microfilm Only","Arranged alphabetically by locality. ","Folders 1-L-1 through 3-R-16 can be found on Miscellaneous Reel 1832.","Folders 3-R-17 through 6-L-10 can be found on Miscellaneous Reel 1833.","Folders 6-L-11 through 7-R-7 can be found on Miscellaneous Reel 1834.","Folders 7-R-8 through 9-R-4 can be found on Miscellaneous Reel 1835.","Folders 9-R-5 through 10-L-17 can be found on Miscellaneous Reel 1836.","Folders 10-L-18 through 13-L-12 can be found on Miscellaneous Reel 1837, excluding folders 12-L-9 and 12-R-1 which were not filmed.","There is no particular method of arrangement.\n","There is no particular method of arrangement.","All drawings in box 10 within Series III. can be found on Miscellaneous Reel 1837. ","The drawings found in boxes 11-13 are not on film.","There is no particular method of arrangement.\n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOriginally commissioned to ensure that requirements for light, air, sanitation, and fire safety established in the 1919 Code of Virginia were met, the Division of School Buildings gradually assumed the\nresponsibility of designing or accepting plans for newly consolidated and reformed schools. Though slight modifications to the plans could be made to conform to each region's aesthetic preference, the basic plan,\ndesigned to positively affect the educational experience of the students, came from the Division of School Buildings.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAs a matter of form, school designs and plans are submitted to The Department of Education's Facilities Management Division today, though the individual localities themselves choose and approve designs for\ntheir schools.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical/Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Originally commissioned to ensure that requirements for light, air, sanitation, and fire safety established in the 1919 Code of Virginia were met, the Division of School Buildings gradually assumed the\nresponsibility of designing or accepting plans for newly consolidated and reformed schools. Though slight modifications to the plans could be made to conform to each region's aesthetic preference, the basic plan,\ndesigned to positively affect the educational experience of the students, came from the Division of School Buildings.\n","As a matter of form, school designs and plans are submitted to The Department of Education's Facilities Management Division today, though the individual localities themselves choose and approve designs for\ntheir schools.\n"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eVirginia Dept. of Education, School Buildings Service, Architectural drawings and plans, 1920-1970. Accession 28487. State government records collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Virginia Dept. of Education, School Buildings Service, Architectural drawings and plans, 1920-1970. Accession 28487. State government records collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.\n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis accession consists of original pencil on tracing paper architectural drawings and plans, renderings and prints for both urban and rural schools in Virginia from 1920-1970. The collection is arranged into three series: Series I. Localities, which consists of drawings for specific schools in those locations; Series II. Renderings/Photographs, which consists of architectural renderings and photographs of school buildings, including the original schools on the particular site, as well as newly constructed schools; Series III. Standard Plans, which consists of standardized plans for various types of school buildings and related structures; and Series IV. Drawings on Microfilm Only, which consists of a variety of school drawings and plans for which the Library of Virginia does not hold the originals.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe majority of these plans were designed by in-house architects, however, some outside professionals were utilized. While most are standard designs, aesthetic additions were made to individual buildings to suit the architectural character of the locality or municipality. Many of the structures represented were new construction undertaken as a result of education reforms in the first half of the 20th century.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains drawings for specific schools in various Virginia localities. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eConsists of architectural renderings and photographs of school buildings. These include the original schools on the particular site, as well as newly constructed schools.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eConsists of standardized plans for various types of school buildings and related structures. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains a variety of school drawings and plans for which the Library of Virginia does not hold the originals.  This material is available only on microfilm.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This accession consists of original pencil on tracing paper architectural drawings and plans, renderings and prints for both urban and rural schools in Virginia from 1920-1970. The collection is arranged into three series: Series I. Localities, which consists of drawings for specific schools in those locations; Series II. Renderings/Photographs, which consists of architectural renderings and photographs of school buildings, including the original schools on the particular site, as well as newly constructed schools; Series III. Standard Plans, which consists of standardized plans for various types of school buildings and related structures; and Series IV. Drawings on Microfilm Only, which consists of a variety of school drawings and plans for which the Library of Virginia does not hold the originals.\n","The majority of these plans were designed by in-house architects, however, some outside professionals were utilized. While most are standard designs, aesthetic additions were made to individual buildings to suit the architectural character of the locality or municipality. Many of the structures represented were new construction undertaken as a result of education reforms in the first half of the 20th century.\n","Contains drawings for specific schools in various Virginia localities. \n","Consists of architectural renderings and photographs of school buildings. These include the original schools on the particular site, as well as newly constructed schools.\n","Consists of standardized plans for various types of school buildings and related structures. \n","Contains a variety of school drawings and plans for which the Library of Virginia does not hold the originals.  This material is available only on microfilm.\n"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":698,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T10:41:38.476Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi01213"}},{"id":"vi_vi01059","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"A Guide to the Directors' Correspondence of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts\n1933-1977 (bulk 1934-1976)","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi01059#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eContains the records of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts from 1933 until 1977 (bulk 1934-1976). The records are arranged alphabetically by folder title and include annual reports, correspondence, memos, minutes, reports and other materials related to the planning of events, programs and exhibitions at the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts. Of particular interest are the materials regarding the planning of exhibitions, the development of the Artmobile program and the Virginia Museum Theatre, and general planning regarding the future direction and growth of the Museum. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi01059#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vi_vi01059","ead_ssi":"vi_vi01059","_root_":"vi_vi01059","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi01059","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi01059.xml","title_ssm":["A Guide to the Directors' Correspondence of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts\n1933-1977 (bulk 1934-1976)"],"title_tesim":["A Guide to the Directors' Correspondence of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts\n1933-1977 (bulk 1934-1976)"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["33863, 44067\n"],"text":["33863, 44067\n","A Guide to the Directors' Correspondence of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts\n1933-1977 (bulk 1934-1976)","81.85 cu. ft., 91 boxes","Collection is open to research.\n","Arranged alphabetically by folder title.\n","The Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, the nation's first state-supported art museum, opened to the public on 16 January 1936, \"to promote education in the realm of art throughout the commonwealth,\" (Section 9-78, Code of Virginia). A partnership between private donors and state legislators, the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts was established following the 1919 donation from John Barton Payne, jurist, and discriminating art collector, gave a collection of paintings to the Commonwealth. The Payne donation and other works of art needed a permanent home that could provide exhibit and storage space - something the Commonwealth did not have at that time. In response to this need for a permanent home for state-owned art collections, Payne donated $100,000 to be used for the construction of a state museum. On 27 February 1932, the donation was conditionally accepted (Acts of Assembly 1932, Chapter 70). Governor John Garland Pollard led a campaign to raise additional private funds, and promoted the use of state revenue for operating expenses. Additional monies from the Federal Works Project Administration completed the funding, and in 1934 the General Assembly designated the site for the building on the grounds of the Robert E. Lee Camp Soldiers' Home at Boulevard and Grove avenues, named it the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, and vested control and management in a Board of Trustees.\n","\nFrom the establishment of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, the Board of Trustees was given full power and authority to manage, control, maintain, and operate the Museum. The Board numbers from 25 to 35 members appointed by the Governor. Ex-officio members are the Governor, Lieutenant-Governor, speaker of the House of Delegates, and the Mayor of Richmond. Terms of office are limited to five years, with no person eligible to serve consecutively more than two terms. The Board determines policy, and selects a Director to carry out Museum operations. Directors and their dates of service: Thomas C. Colt, Jr., 1935-1948; Leslie Cheek, Jr., 1948-1968; James M. Brown, 1969-1976; R. Peter Mooz, 1976-1981; Paul N. Perrot, 1984-1991; Katharine C. Lee, 1991-2000; Michael Brand, 2000-2005; and Alexander L. Nyerges, 2006 - . During World War II, Thomas C. Colt, Jr. took a leave of absence from the Museum to reenlist in the military. In his place, Beatrice von Keller and Violet MacDougall Pollard became Associate Directors of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, overseeing Museum operations during Mr. Colt's absence.","\nOver the history of Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, the physical building has undergone many additions and renovations. In 1954, using state appropriations and private philanthropy, a north wing was added to increase gallery space and house a 530-seat theatre with a professionally equipped stage. The 1970 south wing, financed solely by the state, restored the originally-conceived Georgian style rectangle. This wing increased gallery space and expanded operational facilities. The later north wing, also funded by the state, opened in 1976, adding three more galleries, a sculpture garden with a cascading fountain, 375-seat auditorium, lecture hall, relocated members' suite, and a public cafeteria. In 1985, the west wing, financed by combined grants of $12 million from Paul Mellon and Sydney and Frances Lewis, and matched by $10 million appropriated by the commonwealth, opened. The 1976 north wing was later demolished to make room for a 100,000 square foot expansion designed by London-based architect Rick Mather, which is expected to open in 2009. \n","\nIn 1953, the Artmobile program, financed by private donors, businesses and foundations, provided statewide opportunities for education in the arts through traveling programs and exhibits. At the height of the program, there were four Artmobiles in service, including one specifically geared towards college students. The Artmobile program was discontinued in 1994 after 41 years of service. \n","\nEstablished in 1955, the Virginia Museum Theatre was the resident theatre group of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts. Offering high-quality productions and notable guest performers and directors, the Virginia Museum Theatre brought avant-garde productions as well as popular theatre productions to Richmond. The Virginia Museum Theatre began as a community theatre company and in the 1970s became a 'professional, Equity-affiliated LORT-C theater'. In 1986, the Virginia Museum Theatre became TheatreVirginia, an organization that was independent of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts. TheatreVirginia continued to present productions at the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts until 2002 when TheatreVirginia ceased operating due to budget constraints. \n","\nThe Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, through its Office of Statewide Partnerships, has partnered with over 350 nonprofit institutions throughout Virginia to deliver programs, exhibitions to the citizens of Virginia. Now housed in the Pauley Center, the Office of Statewide Partnerships offers crated exhibitions, audiovisual programs, lectures, and workshops in addition to programs specifically geared to students and the educational requirements indicated in Virginia's Standards of Learning program. \n","\nThe Virginia Museum of Fine Arts is active in many aspects of art and arts education. In addition to active acquisition and exhibitions programs, the Museum offers many instructional programs including lectures, special programs as well as fellowship, apprenticeship and resident programs. An extensive art reference library is available to the general public. \n","\nPublications of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts include a bulletin/calendar and regular exhibition catalogues. Previous publications include \"Arts in Virginia\" from 1960 until 1993. \n","Contains the records of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts from 1933 until 1977 (bulk 1934-1976). The records are arranged alphabetically by folder title and include annual reports, correspondence, memos, minutes, reports and other materials related to the planning of events, programs and exhibitions at the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts. Of particular interest are the materials regarding the planning of exhibitions, the development of the Artmobile program and the Virginia Museum Theatre, and general planning regarding the future direction and growth of the Museum. \n","\nThe collection documents the terms of the first three Directors of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts: Thomas C. Colt, Jr. (1933-1948); Leslie Cheek, Jr. (1948-1968) and James M. Brown (1968-1976). Also documented are the terms of the Associate Directors of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts during World War II: Violet MacDougall Pollard and Beatrice von Keller and long-time associate director Muriel B. Christison. \n","\nOf note in the collection is: the correspondence with members of the Board of Trustees; records of the construction of the original building in 1934 and subsequent additions; and correspondence with various artists, donors and art dealers. Notable correspondents include: Henry W. Anderson; Julien Binford; Alexander Calder; John Canaday; Walter Chrysler, Jr.; Elizabeth Nottingham Day; Horace Day; Jessie Ball duPont; Douglas Southall Freeman; Aldred Geiffert, Jr.; Paul L. Grigaut; Carlisle H. Humelsine; Jay W. Johns; Merrill C. Lee; Paul Mellon; Jo Mielziner; John Lee Pratt; Vincent Price; John D. Rockefeller, III; Aline Saarinen; Eero Saarinen; Edward D. Stone; Lewis L. Strauss; Alexander W. Weddell; E. Randolph Williams; Andrew Wyeth; and Richard Q. Yardley. \n","\nIn addition to the records documenting the operations of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, there are numerous records documenting other activities of the director and staff. Leslie Cheek, Jr. was involved in a number of activities including: member of the Fine Arts Advisory Committee for the 1958 World's Fair in Brussels; member of the United States Fine Arts Commission of UNESCO; member of the Fine Arts Committee of the U.S. Air Force Academy; Professional Advisor to the Virginia War Memorial; and United States Coordinator for the international touring exhibition Design in Scandinavia. Violet MacDougall Pollard served as Chair of the Virginia Inter-Agency Committee on Recreation. Muriel B. Christison was active with the Virginia Arts Alliance. Records of these activities are found in this collection, including notes, correspondence, drawings and photographs. \n","Access to specific materials within this accession are restricted as follows: Architectural drawings and access system details (Code of Virginia 2.2-3705.2(2)); Closed meeting records of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts Board of Trustees (Code of Virginia 2.2-3711(0)); Certain financial records that may jeopardize the security of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts and its collections and records disclosing the identity of anonymous donors (by agency request). Access to restricted materials may be granted only with the written permission of the Director of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts or with the written permission of the Archivist of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts.\n","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["33863, 44067\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["A Guide to the Directors' Correspondence of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts\n1933-1977 (bulk 1934-1976)"],"collection_title_tesim":["A Guide to the Directors' Correspondence of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts\n1933-1977 (bulk 1934-1976)"],"collection_ssim":["A Guide to the Directors' Correspondence of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts\n1933-1977 (bulk 1934-1976)"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["81.85 cu. ft., 91 boxes"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to research.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to research.\n"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eArranged alphabetically by folder title.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["Arranged alphabetically by folder title.\n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, the nation's first state-supported art museum, opened to the public on 16 January 1936, \"to promote education in the realm of art throughout the commonwealth,\" (Section 9-78, Code of Virginia). A partnership between private donors and state legislators, the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts was established following the 1919 donation from John Barton Payne, jurist, and discriminating art collector, gave a collection of paintings to the Commonwealth. The Payne donation and other works of art needed a permanent home that could provide exhibit and storage space - something the Commonwealth did not have at that time. In response to this need for a permanent home for state-owned art collections, Payne donated $100,000 to be used for the construction of a state museum. On 27 February 1932, the donation was conditionally accepted (Acts of Assembly 1932, Chapter 70). Governor John Garland Pollard led a campaign to raise additional private funds, and promoted the use of state revenue for operating expenses. Additional monies from the Federal Works Project Administration completed the funding, and in 1934 the General Assembly designated the site for the building on the grounds of the Robert E. Lee Camp Soldiers' Home at Boulevard and Grove avenues, named it the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, and vested control and management in a Board of Trustees.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nFrom the establishment of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, the Board of Trustees was given full power and authority to manage, control, maintain, and operate the Museum. The Board numbers from 25 to 35 members appointed by the Governor. Ex-officio members are the Governor, Lieutenant-Governor, speaker of the House of Delegates, and the Mayor of Richmond. Terms of office are limited to five years, with no person eligible to serve consecutively more than two terms. The Board determines policy, and selects a Director to carry out Museum operations. Directors and their dates of service: Thomas C. Colt, Jr., 1935-1948; Leslie Cheek, Jr., 1948-1968; James M. Brown, 1969-1976; R. Peter Mooz, 1976-1981; Paul N. Perrot, 1984-1991; Katharine C. Lee, 1991-2000; Michael Brand, 2000-2005; and Alexander L. Nyerges, 2006 - . During World War II, Thomas C. Colt, Jr. took a leave of absence from the Museum to reenlist in the military. In his place, Beatrice von Keller and Violet MacDougall Pollard became Associate Directors of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, overseeing Museum operations during Mr. Colt's absence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nOver the history of Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, the physical building has undergone many additions and renovations. In 1954, using state appropriations and private philanthropy, a north wing was added to increase gallery space and house a 530-seat theatre with a professionally equipped stage. The 1970 south wing, financed solely by the state, restored the originally-conceived Georgian style rectangle. This wing increased gallery space and expanded operational facilities. The later north wing, also funded by the state, opened in 1976, adding three more galleries, a sculpture garden with a cascading fountain, 375-seat auditorium, lecture hall, relocated members' suite, and a public cafeteria. In 1985, the west wing, financed by combined grants of $12 million from Paul Mellon and Sydney and Frances Lewis, and matched by $10 million appropriated by the commonwealth, opened. The 1976 north wing was later demolished to make room for a 100,000 square foot expansion designed by London-based architect Rick Mather, which is expected to open in 2009. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nIn 1953, the Artmobile program, financed by private donors, businesses and foundations, provided statewide opportunities for education in the arts through traveling programs and exhibits. At the height of the program, there were four Artmobiles in service, including one specifically geared towards college students. The Artmobile program was discontinued in 1994 after 41 years of service. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nEstablished in 1955, the Virginia Museum Theatre was the resident theatre group of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts. Offering high-quality productions and notable guest performers and directors, the Virginia Museum Theatre brought avant-garde productions as well as popular theatre productions to Richmond. The Virginia Museum Theatre began as a community theatre company and in the 1970s became a 'professional, Equity-affiliated LORT-C theater'. In 1986, the Virginia Museum Theatre became TheatreVirginia, an organization that was independent of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts. TheatreVirginia continued to present productions at the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts until 2002 when TheatreVirginia ceased operating due to budget constraints. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThe Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, through its Office of Statewide Partnerships, has partnered with over 350 nonprofit institutions throughout Virginia to deliver programs, exhibitions to the citizens of Virginia. Now housed in the Pauley Center, the Office of Statewide Partnerships offers crated exhibitions, audiovisual programs, lectures, and workshops in addition to programs specifically geared to students and the educational requirements indicated in Virginia's Standards of Learning program. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThe Virginia Museum of Fine Arts is active in many aspects of art and arts education. In addition to active acquisition and exhibitions programs, the Museum offers many instructional programs including lectures, special programs as well as fellowship, apprenticeship and resident programs. An extensive art reference library is available to the general public. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nPublications of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts include a bulletin/calendar and regular exhibition catalogues. Previous publications include \"Arts in Virginia\" from 1960 until 1993. \n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, the nation's first state-supported art museum, opened to the public on 16 January 1936, \"to promote education in the realm of art throughout the commonwealth,\" (Section 9-78, Code of Virginia). A partnership between private donors and state legislators, the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts was established following the 1919 donation from John Barton Payne, jurist, and discriminating art collector, gave a collection of paintings to the Commonwealth. The Payne donation and other works of art needed a permanent home that could provide exhibit and storage space - something the Commonwealth did not have at that time. In response to this need for a permanent home for state-owned art collections, Payne donated $100,000 to be used for the construction of a state museum. On 27 February 1932, the donation was conditionally accepted (Acts of Assembly 1932, Chapter 70). Governor John Garland Pollard led a campaign to raise additional private funds, and promoted the use of state revenue for operating expenses. Additional monies from the Federal Works Project Administration completed the funding, and in 1934 the General Assembly designated the site for the building on the grounds of the Robert E. Lee Camp Soldiers' Home at Boulevard and Grove avenues, named it the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, and vested control and management in a Board of Trustees.\n","\nFrom the establishment of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, the Board of Trustees was given full power and authority to manage, control, maintain, and operate the Museum. The Board numbers from 25 to 35 members appointed by the Governor. Ex-officio members are the Governor, Lieutenant-Governor, speaker of the House of Delegates, and the Mayor of Richmond. Terms of office are limited to five years, with no person eligible to serve consecutively more than two terms. The Board determines policy, and selects a Director to carry out Museum operations. Directors and their dates of service: Thomas C. Colt, Jr., 1935-1948; Leslie Cheek, Jr., 1948-1968; James M. Brown, 1969-1976; R. Peter Mooz, 1976-1981; Paul N. Perrot, 1984-1991; Katharine C. Lee, 1991-2000; Michael Brand, 2000-2005; and Alexander L. Nyerges, 2006 - . During World War II, Thomas C. Colt, Jr. took a leave of absence from the Museum to reenlist in the military. In his place, Beatrice von Keller and Violet MacDougall Pollard became Associate Directors of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, overseeing Museum operations during Mr. Colt's absence.","\nOver the history of Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, the physical building has undergone many additions and renovations. In 1954, using state appropriations and private philanthropy, a north wing was added to increase gallery space and house a 530-seat theatre with a professionally equipped stage. The 1970 south wing, financed solely by the state, restored the originally-conceived Georgian style rectangle. This wing increased gallery space and expanded operational facilities. The later north wing, also funded by the state, opened in 1976, adding three more galleries, a sculpture garden with a cascading fountain, 375-seat auditorium, lecture hall, relocated members' suite, and a public cafeteria. In 1985, the west wing, financed by combined grants of $12 million from Paul Mellon and Sydney and Frances Lewis, and matched by $10 million appropriated by the commonwealth, opened. The 1976 north wing was later demolished to make room for a 100,000 square foot expansion designed by London-based architect Rick Mather, which is expected to open in 2009. \n","\nIn 1953, the Artmobile program, financed by private donors, businesses and foundations, provided statewide opportunities for education in the arts through traveling programs and exhibits. At the height of the program, there were four Artmobiles in service, including one specifically geared towards college students. The Artmobile program was discontinued in 1994 after 41 years of service. \n","\nEstablished in 1955, the Virginia Museum Theatre was the resident theatre group of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts. Offering high-quality productions and notable guest performers and directors, the Virginia Museum Theatre brought avant-garde productions as well as popular theatre productions to Richmond. The Virginia Museum Theatre began as a community theatre company and in the 1970s became a 'professional, Equity-affiliated LORT-C theater'. In 1986, the Virginia Museum Theatre became TheatreVirginia, an organization that was independent of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts. TheatreVirginia continued to present productions at the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts until 2002 when TheatreVirginia ceased operating due to budget constraints. \n","\nThe Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, through its Office of Statewide Partnerships, has partnered with over 350 nonprofit institutions throughout Virginia to deliver programs, exhibitions to the citizens of Virginia. Now housed in the Pauley Center, the Office of Statewide Partnerships offers crated exhibitions, audiovisual programs, lectures, and workshops in addition to programs specifically geared to students and the educational requirements indicated in Virginia's Standards of Learning program. \n","\nThe Virginia Museum of Fine Arts is active in many aspects of art and arts education. In addition to active acquisition and exhibitions programs, the Museum offers many instructional programs including lectures, special programs as well as fellowship, apprenticeship and resident programs. An extensive art reference library is available to the general public. \n","\nPublications of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts include a bulletin/calendar and regular exhibition catalogues. Previous publications include \"Arts in Virginia\" from 1960 until 1993. \n"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eVirginia Museum of Fine Arts. Directors' Correspondence, 1933-1977 (bulk 1934-1976). Accessions 33863 and 44067, State Government Records Collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts. Directors' Correspondence, 1933-1977 (bulk 1934-1976). Accessions 33863 and 44067, State Government Records Collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.\n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eContains the records of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts from 1933 until 1977 (bulk 1934-1976). The records are arranged alphabetically by folder title and include annual reports, correspondence, memos, minutes, reports and other materials related to the planning of events, programs and exhibitions at the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts. Of particular interest are the materials regarding the planning of exhibitions, the development of the Artmobile program and the Virginia Museum Theatre, and general planning regarding the future direction and growth of the Museum. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThe collection documents the terms of the first three Directors of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts: Thomas C. Colt, Jr. (1933-1948); Leslie Cheek, Jr. (1948-1968) and James M. Brown (1968-1976). Also documented are the terms of the Associate Directors of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts during World War II: Violet MacDougall Pollard and Beatrice von Keller and long-time associate director Muriel B. Christison. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nOf note in the collection is: the correspondence with members of the Board of Trustees; records of the construction of the original building in 1934 and subsequent additions; and correspondence with various artists, donors and art dealers. Notable correspondents include: Henry W. Anderson; Julien Binford; Alexander Calder; John Canaday; Walter Chrysler, Jr.; Elizabeth Nottingham Day; Horace Day; Jessie Ball duPont; Douglas Southall Freeman; Aldred Geiffert, Jr.; Paul L. Grigaut; Carlisle H. Humelsine; Jay W. Johns; Merrill C. Lee; Paul Mellon; Jo Mielziner; John Lee Pratt; Vincent Price; John D. Rockefeller, III; Aline Saarinen; Eero Saarinen; Edward D. Stone; Lewis L. Strauss; Alexander W. Weddell; E. Randolph Williams; Andrew Wyeth; and Richard Q. Yardley. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nIn addition to the records documenting the operations of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, there are numerous records documenting other activities of the director and staff. Leslie Cheek, Jr. was involved in a number of activities including: member of the Fine Arts Advisory Committee for the 1958 World's Fair in Brussels; member of the United States Fine Arts Commission of UNESCO; member of the Fine Arts Committee of the U.S. Air Force Academy; Professional Advisor to the Virginia War Memorial; and United States Coordinator for the international touring exhibition Design in Scandinavia. Violet MacDougall Pollard served as Chair of the Virginia Inter-Agency Committee on Recreation. Muriel B. Christison was active with the Virginia Arts Alliance. Records of these activities are found in this collection, including notes, correspondence, drawings and photographs. \n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Contains the records of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts from 1933 until 1977 (bulk 1934-1976). The records are arranged alphabetically by folder title and include annual reports, correspondence, memos, minutes, reports and other materials related to the planning of events, programs and exhibitions at the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts. Of particular interest are the materials regarding the planning of exhibitions, the development of the Artmobile program and the Virginia Museum Theatre, and general planning regarding the future direction and growth of the Museum. \n","\nThe collection documents the terms of the first three Directors of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts: Thomas C. Colt, Jr. (1933-1948); Leslie Cheek, Jr. (1948-1968) and James M. Brown (1968-1976). Also documented are the terms of the Associate Directors of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts during World War II: Violet MacDougall Pollard and Beatrice von Keller and long-time associate director Muriel B. Christison. \n","\nOf note in the collection is: the correspondence with members of the Board of Trustees; records of the construction of the original building in 1934 and subsequent additions; and correspondence with various artists, donors and art dealers. Notable correspondents include: Henry W. Anderson; Julien Binford; Alexander Calder; John Canaday; Walter Chrysler, Jr.; Elizabeth Nottingham Day; Horace Day; Jessie Ball duPont; Douglas Southall Freeman; Aldred Geiffert, Jr.; Paul L. Grigaut; Carlisle H. Humelsine; Jay W. Johns; Merrill C. Lee; Paul Mellon; Jo Mielziner; John Lee Pratt; Vincent Price; John D. Rockefeller, III; Aline Saarinen; Eero Saarinen; Edward D. Stone; Lewis L. Strauss; Alexander W. Weddell; E. Randolph Williams; Andrew Wyeth; and Richard Q. Yardley. \n","\nIn addition to the records documenting the operations of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, there are numerous records documenting other activities of the director and staff. Leslie Cheek, Jr. was involved in a number of activities including: member of the Fine Arts Advisory Committee for the 1958 World's Fair in Brussels; member of the United States Fine Arts Commission of UNESCO; member of the Fine Arts Committee of the U.S. Air Force Academy; Professional Advisor to the Virginia War Memorial; and United States Coordinator for the international touring exhibition Design in Scandinavia. Violet MacDougall Pollard served as Chair of the Virginia Inter-Agency Committee on Recreation. Muriel B. Christison was active with the Virginia Arts Alliance. Records of these activities are found in this collection, including notes, correspondence, drawings and photographs. \n"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAccess to specific materials within this accession are restricted as follows: Architectural drawings and access system details (Code of Virginia 2.2-3705.2(2)); Closed meeting records of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts Board of Trustees (Code of Virginia 2.2-3711(0)); Certain financial records that may jeopardize the security of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts and its collections and records disclosing the identity of anonymous donors (by agency request). Access to restricted materials may be granted only with the written permission of the Director of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts or with the written permission of the Archivist of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["Access to specific materials within this accession are restricted as follows: Architectural drawings and access system details (Code of Virginia 2.2-3705.2(2)); Closed meeting records of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts Board of Trustees (Code of Virginia 2.2-3711(0)); Certain financial records that may jeopardize the security of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts and its collections and records disclosing the identity of anonymous donors (by agency request). Access to restricted materials may be granted only with the written permission of the Director of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts or with the written permission of the Archivist of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts.\n"],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":3851,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T10:54:27.485Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi01059","ead_ssi":"vi_vi01059","_root_":"vi_vi01059","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi01059","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi01059.xml","title_ssm":["A Guide to the Directors' Correspondence of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts\n1933-1977 (bulk 1934-1976)"],"title_tesim":["A Guide to the Directors' Correspondence of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts\n1933-1977 (bulk 1934-1976)"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["33863, 44067\n"],"text":["33863, 44067\n","A Guide to the Directors' Correspondence of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts\n1933-1977 (bulk 1934-1976)","81.85 cu. ft., 91 boxes","Collection is open to research.\n","Arranged alphabetically by folder title.\n","The Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, the nation's first state-supported art museum, opened to the public on 16 January 1936, \"to promote education in the realm of art throughout the commonwealth,\" (Section 9-78, Code of Virginia). A partnership between private donors and state legislators, the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts was established following the 1919 donation from John Barton Payne, jurist, and discriminating art collector, gave a collection of paintings to the Commonwealth. The Payne donation and other works of art needed a permanent home that could provide exhibit and storage space - something the Commonwealth did not have at that time. In response to this need for a permanent home for state-owned art collections, Payne donated $100,000 to be used for the construction of a state museum. On 27 February 1932, the donation was conditionally accepted (Acts of Assembly 1932, Chapter 70). Governor John Garland Pollard led a campaign to raise additional private funds, and promoted the use of state revenue for operating expenses. Additional monies from the Federal Works Project Administration completed the funding, and in 1934 the General Assembly designated the site for the building on the grounds of the Robert E. Lee Camp Soldiers' Home at Boulevard and Grove avenues, named it the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, and vested control and management in a Board of Trustees.\n","\nFrom the establishment of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, the Board of Trustees was given full power and authority to manage, control, maintain, and operate the Museum. The Board numbers from 25 to 35 members appointed by the Governor. Ex-officio members are the Governor, Lieutenant-Governor, speaker of the House of Delegates, and the Mayor of Richmond. Terms of office are limited to five years, with no person eligible to serve consecutively more than two terms. The Board determines policy, and selects a Director to carry out Museum operations. Directors and their dates of service: Thomas C. Colt, Jr., 1935-1948; Leslie Cheek, Jr., 1948-1968; James M. Brown, 1969-1976; R. Peter Mooz, 1976-1981; Paul N. Perrot, 1984-1991; Katharine C. Lee, 1991-2000; Michael Brand, 2000-2005; and Alexander L. Nyerges, 2006 - . During World War II, Thomas C. Colt, Jr. took a leave of absence from the Museum to reenlist in the military. In his place, Beatrice von Keller and Violet MacDougall Pollard became Associate Directors of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, overseeing Museum operations during Mr. Colt's absence.","\nOver the history of Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, the physical building has undergone many additions and renovations. In 1954, using state appropriations and private philanthropy, a north wing was added to increase gallery space and house a 530-seat theatre with a professionally equipped stage. The 1970 south wing, financed solely by the state, restored the originally-conceived Georgian style rectangle. This wing increased gallery space and expanded operational facilities. The later north wing, also funded by the state, opened in 1976, adding three more galleries, a sculpture garden with a cascading fountain, 375-seat auditorium, lecture hall, relocated members' suite, and a public cafeteria. In 1985, the west wing, financed by combined grants of $12 million from Paul Mellon and Sydney and Frances Lewis, and matched by $10 million appropriated by the commonwealth, opened. The 1976 north wing was later demolished to make room for a 100,000 square foot expansion designed by London-based architect Rick Mather, which is expected to open in 2009. \n","\nIn 1953, the Artmobile program, financed by private donors, businesses and foundations, provided statewide opportunities for education in the arts through traveling programs and exhibits. At the height of the program, there were four Artmobiles in service, including one specifically geared towards college students. The Artmobile program was discontinued in 1994 after 41 years of service. \n","\nEstablished in 1955, the Virginia Museum Theatre was the resident theatre group of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts. Offering high-quality productions and notable guest performers and directors, the Virginia Museum Theatre brought avant-garde productions as well as popular theatre productions to Richmond. The Virginia Museum Theatre began as a community theatre company and in the 1970s became a 'professional, Equity-affiliated LORT-C theater'. In 1986, the Virginia Museum Theatre became TheatreVirginia, an organization that was independent of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts. TheatreVirginia continued to present productions at the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts until 2002 when TheatreVirginia ceased operating due to budget constraints. \n","\nThe Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, through its Office of Statewide Partnerships, has partnered with over 350 nonprofit institutions throughout Virginia to deliver programs, exhibitions to the citizens of Virginia. Now housed in the Pauley Center, the Office of Statewide Partnerships offers crated exhibitions, audiovisual programs, lectures, and workshops in addition to programs specifically geared to students and the educational requirements indicated in Virginia's Standards of Learning program. \n","\nThe Virginia Museum of Fine Arts is active in many aspects of art and arts education. In addition to active acquisition and exhibitions programs, the Museum offers many instructional programs including lectures, special programs as well as fellowship, apprenticeship and resident programs. An extensive art reference library is available to the general public. \n","\nPublications of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts include a bulletin/calendar and regular exhibition catalogues. Previous publications include \"Arts in Virginia\" from 1960 until 1993. \n","Contains the records of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts from 1933 until 1977 (bulk 1934-1976). The records are arranged alphabetically by folder title and include annual reports, correspondence, memos, minutes, reports and other materials related to the planning of events, programs and exhibitions at the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts. Of particular interest are the materials regarding the planning of exhibitions, the development of the Artmobile program and the Virginia Museum Theatre, and general planning regarding the future direction and growth of the Museum. \n","\nThe collection documents the terms of the first three Directors of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts: Thomas C. Colt, Jr. (1933-1948); Leslie Cheek, Jr. (1948-1968) and James M. Brown (1968-1976). Also documented are the terms of the Associate Directors of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts during World War II: Violet MacDougall Pollard and Beatrice von Keller and long-time associate director Muriel B. Christison. \n","\nOf note in the collection is: the correspondence with members of the Board of Trustees; records of the construction of the original building in 1934 and subsequent additions; and correspondence with various artists, donors and art dealers. Notable correspondents include: Henry W. Anderson; Julien Binford; Alexander Calder; John Canaday; Walter Chrysler, Jr.; Elizabeth Nottingham Day; Horace Day; Jessie Ball duPont; Douglas Southall Freeman; Aldred Geiffert, Jr.; Paul L. Grigaut; Carlisle H. Humelsine; Jay W. Johns; Merrill C. Lee; Paul Mellon; Jo Mielziner; John Lee Pratt; Vincent Price; John D. Rockefeller, III; Aline Saarinen; Eero Saarinen; Edward D. Stone; Lewis L. Strauss; Alexander W. Weddell; E. Randolph Williams; Andrew Wyeth; and Richard Q. Yardley. \n","\nIn addition to the records documenting the operations of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, there are numerous records documenting other activities of the director and staff. Leslie Cheek, Jr. was involved in a number of activities including: member of the Fine Arts Advisory Committee for the 1958 World's Fair in Brussels; member of the United States Fine Arts Commission of UNESCO; member of the Fine Arts Committee of the U.S. Air Force Academy; Professional Advisor to the Virginia War Memorial; and United States Coordinator for the international touring exhibition Design in Scandinavia. Violet MacDougall Pollard served as Chair of the Virginia Inter-Agency Committee on Recreation. Muriel B. Christison was active with the Virginia Arts Alliance. Records of these activities are found in this collection, including notes, correspondence, drawings and photographs. \n","Access to specific materials within this accession are restricted as follows: Architectural drawings and access system details (Code of Virginia 2.2-3705.2(2)); Closed meeting records of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts Board of Trustees (Code of Virginia 2.2-3711(0)); Certain financial records that may jeopardize the security of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts and its collections and records disclosing the identity of anonymous donors (by agency request). Access to restricted materials may be granted only with the written permission of the Director of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts or with the written permission of the Archivist of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts.\n","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["33863, 44067\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["A Guide to the Directors' Correspondence of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts\n1933-1977 (bulk 1934-1976)"],"collection_title_tesim":["A Guide to the Directors' Correspondence of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts\n1933-1977 (bulk 1934-1976)"],"collection_ssim":["A Guide to the Directors' Correspondence of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts\n1933-1977 (bulk 1934-1976)"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["81.85 cu. ft., 91 boxes"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to research.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to research.\n"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eArranged alphabetically by folder title.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["Arranged alphabetically by folder title.\n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, the nation's first state-supported art museum, opened to the public on 16 January 1936, \"to promote education in the realm of art throughout the commonwealth,\" (Section 9-78, Code of Virginia). A partnership between private donors and state legislators, the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts was established following the 1919 donation from John Barton Payne, jurist, and discriminating art collector, gave a collection of paintings to the Commonwealth. The Payne donation and other works of art needed a permanent home that could provide exhibit and storage space - something the Commonwealth did not have at that time. In response to this need for a permanent home for state-owned art collections, Payne donated $100,000 to be used for the construction of a state museum. On 27 February 1932, the donation was conditionally accepted (Acts of Assembly 1932, Chapter 70). Governor John Garland Pollard led a campaign to raise additional private funds, and promoted the use of state revenue for operating expenses. Additional monies from the Federal Works Project Administration completed the funding, and in 1934 the General Assembly designated the site for the building on the grounds of the Robert E. Lee Camp Soldiers' Home at Boulevard and Grove avenues, named it the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, and vested control and management in a Board of Trustees.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nFrom the establishment of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, the Board of Trustees was given full power and authority to manage, control, maintain, and operate the Museum. The Board numbers from 25 to 35 members appointed by the Governor. Ex-officio members are the Governor, Lieutenant-Governor, speaker of the House of Delegates, and the Mayor of Richmond. Terms of office are limited to five years, with no person eligible to serve consecutively more than two terms. The Board determines policy, and selects a Director to carry out Museum operations. Directors and their dates of service: Thomas C. Colt, Jr., 1935-1948; Leslie Cheek, Jr., 1948-1968; James M. Brown, 1969-1976; R. Peter Mooz, 1976-1981; Paul N. Perrot, 1984-1991; Katharine C. Lee, 1991-2000; Michael Brand, 2000-2005; and Alexander L. Nyerges, 2006 - . During World War II, Thomas C. Colt, Jr. took a leave of absence from the Museum to reenlist in the military. In his place, Beatrice von Keller and Violet MacDougall Pollard became Associate Directors of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, overseeing Museum operations during Mr. Colt's absence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nOver the history of Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, the physical building has undergone many additions and renovations. In 1954, using state appropriations and private philanthropy, a north wing was added to increase gallery space and house a 530-seat theatre with a professionally equipped stage. The 1970 south wing, financed solely by the state, restored the originally-conceived Georgian style rectangle. This wing increased gallery space and expanded operational facilities. The later north wing, also funded by the state, opened in 1976, adding three more galleries, a sculpture garden with a cascading fountain, 375-seat auditorium, lecture hall, relocated members' suite, and a public cafeteria. In 1985, the west wing, financed by combined grants of $12 million from Paul Mellon and Sydney and Frances Lewis, and matched by $10 million appropriated by the commonwealth, opened. The 1976 north wing was later demolished to make room for a 100,000 square foot expansion designed by London-based architect Rick Mather, which is expected to open in 2009. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nIn 1953, the Artmobile program, financed by private donors, businesses and foundations, provided statewide opportunities for education in the arts through traveling programs and exhibits. At the height of the program, there were four Artmobiles in service, including one specifically geared towards college students. The Artmobile program was discontinued in 1994 after 41 years of service. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nEstablished in 1955, the Virginia Museum Theatre was the resident theatre group of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts. Offering high-quality productions and notable guest performers and directors, the Virginia Museum Theatre brought avant-garde productions as well as popular theatre productions to Richmond. The Virginia Museum Theatre began as a community theatre company and in the 1970s became a 'professional, Equity-affiliated LORT-C theater'. In 1986, the Virginia Museum Theatre became TheatreVirginia, an organization that was independent of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts. TheatreVirginia continued to present productions at the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts until 2002 when TheatreVirginia ceased operating due to budget constraints. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThe Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, through its Office of Statewide Partnerships, has partnered with over 350 nonprofit institutions throughout Virginia to deliver programs, exhibitions to the citizens of Virginia. Now housed in the Pauley Center, the Office of Statewide Partnerships offers crated exhibitions, audiovisual programs, lectures, and workshops in addition to programs specifically geared to students and the educational requirements indicated in Virginia's Standards of Learning program. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThe Virginia Museum of Fine Arts is active in many aspects of art and arts education. In addition to active acquisition and exhibitions programs, the Museum offers many instructional programs including lectures, special programs as well as fellowship, apprenticeship and resident programs. An extensive art reference library is available to the general public. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nPublications of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts include a bulletin/calendar and regular exhibition catalogues. Previous publications include \"Arts in Virginia\" from 1960 until 1993. \n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, the nation's first state-supported art museum, opened to the public on 16 January 1936, \"to promote education in the realm of art throughout the commonwealth,\" (Section 9-78, Code of Virginia). A partnership between private donors and state legislators, the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts was established following the 1919 donation from John Barton Payne, jurist, and discriminating art collector, gave a collection of paintings to the Commonwealth. The Payne donation and other works of art needed a permanent home that could provide exhibit and storage space - something the Commonwealth did not have at that time. In response to this need for a permanent home for state-owned art collections, Payne donated $100,000 to be used for the construction of a state museum. On 27 February 1932, the donation was conditionally accepted (Acts of Assembly 1932, Chapter 70). Governor John Garland Pollard led a campaign to raise additional private funds, and promoted the use of state revenue for operating expenses. Additional monies from the Federal Works Project Administration completed the funding, and in 1934 the General Assembly designated the site for the building on the grounds of the Robert E. Lee Camp Soldiers' Home at Boulevard and Grove avenues, named it the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, and vested control and management in a Board of Trustees.\n","\nFrom the establishment of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, the Board of Trustees was given full power and authority to manage, control, maintain, and operate the Museum. The Board numbers from 25 to 35 members appointed by the Governor. Ex-officio members are the Governor, Lieutenant-Governor, speaker of the House of Delegates, and the Mayor of Richmond. Terms of office are limited to five years, with no person eligible to serve consecutively more than two terms. The Board determines policy, and selects a Director to carry out Museum operations. Directors and their dates of service: Thomas C. Colt, Jr., 1935-1948; Leslie Cheek, Jr., 1948-1968; James M. Brown, 1969-1976; R. Peter Mooz, 1976-1981; Paul N. Perrot, 1984-1991; Katharine C. Lee, 1991-2000; Michael Brand, 2000-2005; and Alexander L. Nyerges, 2006 - . During World War II, Thomas C. Colt, Jr. took a leave of absence from the Museum to reenlist in the military. In his place, Beatrice von Keller and Violet MacDougall Pollard became Associate Directors of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, overseeing Museum operations during Mr. Colt's absence.","\nOver the history of Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, the physical building has undergone many additions and renovations. In 1954, using state appropriations and private philanthropy, a north wing was added to increase gallery space and house a 530-seat theatre with a professionally equipped stage. The 1970 south wing, financed solely by the state, restored the originally-conceived Georgian style rectangle. This wing increased gallery space and expanded operational facilities. The later north wing, also funded by the state, opened in 1976, adding three more galleries, a sculpture garden with a cascading fountain, 375-seat auditorium, lecture hall, relocated members' suite, and a public cafeteria. In 1985, the west wing, financed by combined grants of $12 million from Paul Mellon and Sydney and Frances Lewis, and matched by $10 million appropriated by the commonwealth, opened. The 1976 north wing was later demolished to make room for a 100,000 square foot expansion designed by London-based architect Rick Mather, which is expected to open in 2009. \n","\nIn 1953, the Artmobile program, financed by private donors, businesses and foundations, provided statewide opportunities for education in the arts through traveling programs and exhibits. At the height of the program, there were four Artmobiles in service, including one specifically geared towards college students. The Artmobile program was discontinued in 1994 after 41 years of service. \n","\nEstablished in 1955, the Virginia Museum Theatre was the resident theatre group of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts. Offering high-quality productions and notable guest performers and directors, the Virginia Museum Theatre brought avant-garde productions as well as popular theatre productions to Richmond. The Virginia Museum Theatre began as a community theatre company and in the 1970s became a 'professional, Equity-affiliated LORT-C theater'. In 1986, the Virginia Museum Theatre became TheatreVirginia, an organization that was independent of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts. TheatreVirginia continued to present productions at the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts until 2002 when TheatreVirginia ceased operating due to budget constraints. \n","\nThe Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, through its Office of Statewide Partnerships, has partnered with over 350 nonprofit institutions throughout Virginia to deliver programs, exhibitions to the citizens of Virginia. Now housed in the Pauley Center, the Office of Statewide Partnerships offers crated exhibitions, audiovisual programs, lectures, and workshops in addition to programs specifically geared to students and the educational requirements indicated in Virginia's Standards of Learning program. \n","\nThe Virginia Museum of Fine Arts is active in many aspects of art and arts education. In addition to active acquisition and exhibitions programs, the Museum offers many instructional programs including lectures, special programs as well as fellowship, apprenticeship and resident programs. An extensive art reference library is available to the general public. \n","\nPublications of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts include a bulletin/calendar and regular exhibition catalogues. Previous publications include \"Arts in Virginia\" from 1960 until 1993. \n"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eVirginia Museum of Fine Arts. Directors' Correspondence, 1933-1977 (bulk 1934-1976). Accessions 33863 and 44067, State Government Records Collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts. Directors' Correspondence, 1933-1977 (bulk 1934-1976). Accessions 33863 and 44067, State Government Records Collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.\n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eContains the records of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts from 1933 until 1977 (bulk 1934-1976). The records are arranged alphabetically by folder title and include annual reports, correspondence, memos, minutes, reports and other materials related to the planning of events, programs and exhibitions at the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts. Of particular interest are the materials regarding the planning of exhibitions, the development of the Artmobile program and the Virginia Museum Theatre, and general planning regarding the future direction and growth of the Museum. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThe collection documents the terms of the first three Directors of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts: Thomas C. Colt, Jr. (1933-1948); Leslie Cheek, Jr. (1948-1968) and James M. Brown (1968-1976). Also documented are the terms of the Associate Directors of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts during World War II: Violet MacDougall Pollard and Beatrice von Keller and long-time associate director Muriel B. Christison. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nOf note in the collection is: the correspondence with members of the Board of Trustees; records of the construction of the original building in 1934 and subsequent additions; and correspondence with various artists, donors and art dealers. Notable correspondents include: Henry W. Anderson; Julien Binford; Alexander Calder; John Canaday; Walter Chrysler, Jr.; Elizabeth Nottingham Day; Horace Day; Jessie Ball duPont; Douglas Southall Freeman; Aldred Geiffert, Jr.; Paul L. Grigaut; Carlisle H. Humelsine; Jay W. Johns; Merrill C. Lee; Paul Mellon; Jo Mielziner; John Lee Pratt; Vincent Price; John D. Rockefeller, III; Aline Saarinen; Eero Saarinen; Edward D. Stone; Lewis L. Strauss; Alexander W. Weddell; E. Randolph Williams; Andrew Wyeth; and Richard Q. Yardley. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nIn addition to the records documenting the operations of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, there are numerous records documenting other activities of the director and staff. Leslie Cheek, Jr. was involved in a number of activities including: member of the Fine Arts Advisory Committee for the 1958 World's Fair in Brussels; member of the United States Fine Arts Commission of UNESCO; member of the Fine Arts Committee of the U.S. Air Force Academy; Professional Advisor to the Virginia War Memorial; and United States Coordinator for the international touring exhibition Design in Scandinavia. Violet MacDougall Pollard served as Chair of the Virginia Inter-Agency Committee on Recreation. Muriel B. Christison was active with the Virginia Arts Alliance. Records of these activities are found in this collection, including notes, correspondence, drawings and photographs. \n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Contains the records of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts from 1933 until 1977 (bulk 1934-1976). The records are arranged alphabetically by folder title and include annual reports, correspondence, memos, minutes, reports and other materials related to the planning of events, programs and exhibitions at the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts. Of particular interest are the materials regarding the planning of exhibitions, the development of the Artmobile program and the Virginia Museum Theatre, and general planning regarding the future direction and growth of the Museum. \n","\nThe collection documents the terms of the first three Directors of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts: Thomas C. Colt, Jr. (1933-1948); Leslie Cheek, Jr. (1948-1968) and James M. Brown (1968-1976). Also documented are the terms of the Associate Directors of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts during World War II: Violet MacDougall Pollard and Beatrice von Keller and long-time associate director Muriel B. Christison. \n","\nOf note in the collection is: the correspondence with members of the Board of Trustees; records of the construction of the original building in 1934 and subsequent additions; and correspondence with various artists, donors and art dealers. Notable correspondents include: Henry W. Anderson; Julien Binford; Alexander Calder; John Canaday; Walter Chrysler, Jr.; Elizabeth Nottingham Day; Horace Day; Jessie Ball duPont; Douglas Southall Freeman; Aldred Geiffert, Jr.; Paul L. Grigaut; Carlisle H. Humelsine; Jay W. Johns; Merrill C. Lee; Paul Mellon; Jo Mielziner; John Lee Pratt; Vincent Price; John D. Rockefeller, III; Aline Saarinen; Eero Saarinen; Edward D. Stone; Lewis L. Strauss; Alexander W. Weddell; E. Randolph Williams; Andrew Wyeth; and Richard Q. Yardley. \n","\nIn addition to the records documenting the operations of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, there are numerous records documenting other activities of the director and staff. Leslie Cheek, Jr. was involved in a number of activities including: member of the Fine Arts Advisory Committee for the 1958 World's Fair in Brussels; member of the United States Fine Arts Commission of UNESCO; member of the Fine Arts Committee of the U.S. Air Force Academy; Professional Advisor to the Virginia War Memorial; and United States Coordinator for the international touring exhibition Design in Scandinavia. Violet MacDougall Pollard served as Chair of the Virginia Inter-Agency Committee on Recreation. Muriel B. Christison was active with the Virginia Arts Alliance. Records of these activities are found in this collection, including notes, correspondence, drawings and photographs. \n"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAccess to specific materials within this accession are restricted as follows: Architectural drawings and access system details (Code of Virginia 2.2-3705.2(2)); Closed meeting records of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts Board of Trustees (Code of Virginia 2.2-3711(0)); Certain financial records that may jeopardize the security of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts and its collections and records disclosing the identity of anonymous donors (by agency request). Access to restricted materials may be granted only with the written permission of the Director of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts or with the written permission of the Archivist of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["Access to specific materials within this accession are restricted as follows: Architectural drawings and access system details (Code of Virginia 2.2-3705.2(2)); Closed meeting records of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts Board of Trustees (Code of Virginia 2.2-3711(0)); Certain financial records that may jeopardize the security of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts and its collections and records disclosing the identity of anonymous donors (by agency request). Access to restricted materials may be granted only with the written permission of the Director of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts or with the written permission of the Archivist of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts.\n"],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":3851,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T10:54:27.485Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi01059"}},{"id":"vi_vi02909","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"A Guide to the D.M. Bailey and Son Daybook C and Ledger,\n1886-1898","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi02909#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eBusiness records of D.M. Bailey and Son consist of one daybook and one ledger. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi02909#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vi_vi02909","ead_ssi":"vi_vi02909","_root_":"vi_vi02909","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi02909","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi02909.xml","title_ssm":["A Guide to the D.M. Bailey and Son Daybook C and Ledger,\n1886-1898"],"title_tesim":["A Guide to the D.M. Bailey and Son Daybook C and Ledger,\n1886-1898"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Barcode numbers 1097641, 1097649/Bland County (Va.) Reel 35\n"],"text":["Barcode numbers 1097641, 1097649/Bland County (Va.) Reel 35\n","A Guide to the D.M. Bailey and Son Daybook C and Ledger,\n1886-1898"," Barter -- Virginia -- Bland County.","Consumer goods -- Virginia -- Bland County."," Dry-goods -- Virginia -- Bland County.","General stores -- Virginia -- Bland County.","Business records -- Virginia -- Bland County.","Daybooks -- Virginia -- Bland County.","Ledgers (account books) -- Virginia -- Bland County.","Local government records -- Virginia -- Bland County.","2 v.; 1 microfilm reel","There are no restrictions.\n","D.M. Bailey and Son was a retail business in Bland County, Virginia during the late 19th century.\n","Business records of D.M. Bailey and Son consist of one daybook and one ledger.\n","Daybook C, 1890-1893, records on a daily basis transactions of D.M. Bailey and Son. Information recorded in the daybook includes name of customer, dates of transactions, items purchased, quantity of items purchased, price of each item, form of payment, and amount owed and paid. Merchandise sold include nails, shoes, candy, dry-goods, tobacco, bacon, and clothing. Payments were made by cash, credit, barter, and labor. Entries can be found in Ledger, 1886-1898.\n","Ledger, 1886-1898, records the accounts of individual customers. Each account lists transactions in chronological order. Information found in each entry include date of transaction, amount owed, form of payment, and amount paid.\n","Use microfilm copy, Bland County (Va.) Reel 35.\n","D.M. Bailey and Son (Bland County, Va.)","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["Barcode numbers 1097641, 1097649/Bland County (Va.) Reel 35\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["A Guide to the D.M. Bailey and Son Daybook C and Ledger,\n1886-1898"],"collection_title_tesim":["A Guide to the D.M. Bailey and Son Daybook C and Ledger,\n1886-1898"],"collection_ssim":["A Guide to the D.M. Bailey and Son Daybook C and Ledger,\n1886-1898"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"acqinfo_ssim":["These items came to the Library of Virginia in shipments of court papers from Bland County.\n"],"access_subjects_ssim":[" Barter -- Virginia -- Bland County.","Consumer goods -- Virginia -- Bland County."," Dry-goods -- Virginia -- Bland County.","General stores -- Virginia -- Bland County.","Business records -- Virginia -- Bland County.","Daybooks -- Virginia -- Bland County.","Ledgers (account books) -- Virginia -- Bland County.","Local government records -- Virginia -- Bland County."],"access_subjects_ssm":[" Barter -- Virginia -- Bland County.","Consumer goods -- Virginia -- Bland County."," Dry-goods -- Virginia -- Bland County.","General stores -- Virginia -- Bland County.","Business records -- Virginia -- Bland County.","Daybooks -- Virginia -- Bland County.","Ledgers (account books) -- Virginia -- Bland County.","Local government records -- Virginia -- Bland County."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["2 v.; 1 microfilm reel"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eD.M. Bailey and Son was a retail business in Bland County, Virginia during the late 19th century.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["D.M. Bailey and Son was a retail business in Bland County, Virginia during the late 19th century.\n"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eD.M. Bailey and Son Daybook C and Ledger, 1886-1898. Bland County (Va.) Reel 35, Local government records collection, Bland County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia 23219.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["D.M. Bailey and Son Daybook C and Ledger, 1886-1898. Bland County (Va.) Reel 35, Local government records collection, Bland County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia 23219.\n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBusiness records of D.M. Bailey and Son consist of one daybook and one ledger.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDaybook C, 1890-1893, records on a daily basis transactions of D.M. Bailey and Son. Information recorded in the daybook includes name of customer, dates of transactions, items purchased, quantity of items purchased, price of each item, form of payment, and amount owed and paid. Merchandise sold include nails, shoes, candy, dry-goods, tobacco, bacon, and clothing. Payments were made by cash, credit, barter, and labor. Entries can be found in Ledger, 1886-1898.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLedger, 1886-1898, records the accounts of individual customers. Each account lists transactions in chronological order. Information found in each entry include date of transaction, amount owed, form of payment, and amount paid.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Business records of D.M. Bailey and Son consist of one daybook and one ledger.\n","Daybook C, 1890-1893, records on a daily basis transactions of D.M. Bailey and Son. Information recorded in the daybook includes name of customer, dates of transactions, items purchased, quantity of items purchased, price of each item, form of payment, and amount owed and paid. Merchandise sold include nails, shoes, candy, dry-goods, tobacco, bacon, and clothing. Payments were made by cash, credit, barter, and labor. Entries can be found in Ledger, 1886-1898.\n","Ledger, 1886-1898, records the accounts of individual customers. Each account lists transactions in chronological order. Information found in each entry include date of transaction, amount owed, form of payment, and amount paid.\n"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eUse microfilm copy, Bland County (Va.) Reel 35.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["Use microfilm copy, Bland County (Va.) Reel 35.\n"],"names_ssim":["D.M. Bailey and Son (Bland County, Va.)"],"corpname_ssim":["D.M. Bailey and Son (Bland County, Va.)"],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T09:10:36.470Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi02909","ead_ssi":"vi_vi02909","_root_":"vi_vi02909","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi02909","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi02909.xml","title_ssm":["A Guide to the D.M. Bailey and Son Daybook C and Ledger,\n1886-1898"],"title_tesim":["A Guide to the D.M. Bailey and Son Daybook C and Ledger,\n1886-1898"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Barcode numbers 1097641, 1097649/Bland County (Va.) Reel 35\n"],"text":["Barcode numbers 1097641, 1097649/Bland County (Va.) Reel 35\n","A Guide to the D.M. 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Merchandise sold include nails, shoes, candy, dry-goods, tobacco, bacon, and clothing. Payments were made by cash, credit, barter, and labor. Entries can be found in Ledger, 1886-1898.\n","Ledger, 1886-1898, records the accounts of individual customers. Each account lists transactions in chronological order. Information found in each entry include date of transaction, amount owed, form of payment, and amount paid.\n","Use microfilm copy, Bland County (Va.) Reel 35.\n","D.M. Bailey and Son (Bland County, Va.)","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["Barcode numbers 1097641, 1097649/Bland County (Va.) Reel 35\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["A Guide to the D.M. Bailey and Son Daybook C and Ledger,\n1886-1898"],"collection_title_tesim":["A Guide to the D.M. Bailey and Son Daybook C and Ledger,\n1886-1898"],"collection_ssim":["A Guide to the D.M. 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Information recorded in the daybook includes name of customer, dates of transactions, items purchased, quantity of items purchased, price of each item, form of payment, and amount owed and paid. Merchandise sold include nails, shoes, candy, dry-goods, tobacco, bacon, and clothing. Payments were made by cash, credit, barter, and labor. Entries can be found in Ledger, 1886-1898.\n","Ledger, 1886-1898, records the accounts of individual customers. Each account lists transactions in chronological order. Information found in each entry include date of transaction, amount owed, form of payment, and amount paid.\n"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eUse microfilm copy, Bland County (Va.) Reel 35.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["Use microfilm copy, Bland County (Va.) Reel 35.\n"],"names_ssim":["D.M. Bailey and Son (Bland County, Va.)"],"corpname_ssim":["D.M. 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Each account lists dates of transactions and charges and payments for visits to patients, medication, and other medical services such as extracting teeth, removing warts, and obstetrical surgery. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi01321#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vi_vi01321","ead_ssi":"vi_vi01321","_root_":"vi_vi01321","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi01321","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi01321.xml","title_ssm":["A Guide to the Dr. James W. McClung Account Book,\n1858-1862"],"title_tesim":["A Guide to the Dr. James W. McClung Account Book,\n1858-1862"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Rockbridge County (Va.) Reel 207\n"],"text":["Rockbridge County (Va.) Reel 207\n","A Guide to the Dr. James W. McClung Account Book,\n1858-1862","1 volume (97 p.)","Collection is open to research.\n","Dr. James W. McClung was a physician who practiced medicine in Rockbridge County during the mid-nineteenth century.\n","Account book, 1858-1862, of James W. McClung, a physician. It records the accounts of individual patients including African-Americans. Each account lists dates of transactions and charges and payments for visits to patients, medication, and other medical services such as extracting teeth, removing warts, and obstetrical surgery.\n","There are no restrictions.\n","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["Rockbridge County (Va.) Reel 207\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["A Guide to the Dr. James W. McClung Account Book,\n1858-1862"],"collection_title_tesim":["A Guide to the Dr. James W. McClung Account Book,\n1858-1862"],"collection_ssim":["A Guide to the Dr. James W. McClung Account Book,\n1858-1862"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This volume was microfilmed in 2013 by Backstage Library Works in Bethlehem, PA.\n"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["1 volume (97 p.)"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to research.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to research.\n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDr. James W. McClung was a physician who practiced medicine in Rockbridge County during the mid-nineteenth century.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Dr. James W. McClung was a physician who practiced medicine in Rockbridge County during the mid-nineteenth century.\n"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDr. James W. McClung Account Book, 1858-1862. Rockbridge County (Va.) Reel 207, Local Government Records Collection, Rockbridge County Court Records, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Dr. James W. McClung Account Book, 1858-1862. Rockbridge County (Va.) Reel 207, Local Government Records Collection, Rockbridge County Court Records, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.\n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAccount book, 1858-1862, of James W. McClung, a physician. It records the accounts of individual patients including African-Americans. Each account lists dates of transactions and charges and payments for visits to patients, medication, and other medical services such as extracting teeth, removing warts, and obstetrical surgery.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Account book, 1858-1862, of James W. McClung, a physician. It records the accounts of individual patients including African-Americans. Each account lists dates of transactions and charges and payments for visits to patients, medication, and other medical services such as extracting teeth, removing warts, and obstetrical surgery.\n"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T10:30:33.186Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi01321","ead_ssi":"vi_vi01321","_root_":"vi_vi01321","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi01321","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi01321.xml","title_ssm":["A Guide to the Dr. James W. McClung Account Book,\n1858-1862"],"title_tesim":["A Guide to the Dr. James W. 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Each account lists dates of transactions and charges and payments for visits to patients, medication, and other medical services such as extracting teeth, removing warts, and obstetrical surgery.\n"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T10:30:33.186Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi01321"}},{"id":"vi_vi04801","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"A Guide to the Executive letter books of Governor James L. Kemper, \n1874-1877","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi04801#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Virginia. Governor (1874-1877 : Kemper)\n","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi04801#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eExecutive letter book contains the outgoing correspondence of Governor James L. Kemper between 1874 and 1877, arranged chronologically. Letters were written by Governor Kemper, clerk P. F. Howard, Secretary of the Commonwealth James McDonald, and personal secretaries Meade C. Kemper, S. Bassett French, Baker P. Lee, and Charles Rutledge Whipple. Governor Kemper corresponded with a variety of individuals in federal and state government as well as important private indiviudals,on issues including the state war debt, prisoners and the Penitentiary, the volunteer militia, the Petersburg city government bill veto, requests for patronage, the Centennial Exhibition, the Virginia Military Institute, boundary disputes with West Virginia and Maryland, and the Foley statue of Stonewall Jackson. The letter book also includes a number of messages addressed to the Senate and House of Delegates of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi04801#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vi_vi04801","ead_ssi":"vi_vi04801","_root_":"vi_vi04801","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi04801","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi04801.xml","title_ssm":["A Guide to the Executive letter books of Governor James L. Kemper, \n1874-1877"],"title_tesim":["A Guide to the Executive letter books of Governor James L. Kemper, \n1874-1877"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["35358\n"],"text":["35358\n","A Guide to the Executive letter books of Governor James L. Kemper, \n1874-1877","Arkansas. -- Politics and government -- 19th century","Maryland. -- Politics and government -- 19th century","Louisiana -- History -- 19th century.","Maryland -- Boundaries -- Virginia.","Missouri -- Politics and government -- 19th century.","North Carolina -- Politics and government -- 19th century.","Petersburg (Va.) -- History -- Reconstruction, 1865-1877","Tennessee -- Politics and government -- 19th century.","United States -- Centennial celebrations, etc.","United States. -- History -- Reconstruction, 1865-1877","Virginia -- Boundaries -- Maryland.","Virginia -- Capital and capitol.","Virginia -- History -- 19th century.","Virginia -- Militia -- History -- 19th century.","Virginia -- Politics and government -- 19th century.","West Virginia. -- Politics and government -- 19th century.","State governments -- Virginia -- Officials and employees.","African Americans -- History -- 19th century.","Convict labor -- 19th century. -- Virginia","Extradition -- 19th century -- Virginia","Flour -- Inspection -- Virginia.","Governors -- Virginia.","Indians of North America -- 19th century -- Virginia","Jackson-Hope Medal.","Mattaponi Indians","Medals -- Virginia","Monuments -- Virginia -- Richmond.","National cemeteries -- Virginia.","Oyster industry -- Chesapeake Bay (Md. and Va.)","Pamunkey Indians","Pardons -- Virginia.","Prisoners -- 19th century. -- Virginia","Statues -- Virginia -- Richmond","Tobacco -- Inspection -- Virginia.","Letter books.","State government records. -- Virginia.","For preservation purposes, please use microfilm (Misc. reel 6193)\n","Also available on microfilm (Misc. reel 6193)\n","This collection is arranged into the following series: I. Executive letter books of Governor James L. Kemper, 1874-1877.\n","Arranged chronologically.\n","James Lawson Kemper was born 11 June 1823 at \"Mountain Prospect\" in Madison County, Virginia, to William Kemper (1776-1853) and Maria E. Allison Kemper (1787-1873). He attended the Locust Dale Academy, then Washington College (now Washington and Lee University) in Lexington, Virginia, graduating in 1842. He read law under George W. Summers (1804-1868) of Kanawha County, (West) Virginia, and received a master's degree from Washington College. Admitted to the bar 2 October 1846, Kemper returned to Madison County to practice law. When the Mexican War began, Kemper was appointed captain in the First Virginia Regiment and served until the end of the war. In 1853, Kemper was elected to the House of Delegates and served until 1863. He was Speaker of the House from 1861 to 1863. Kemper also was appointed a general in the Virginia militia in 1858. When the Civil War began, Kemper was appointed colonel of the 7th Virginia Infantry. Due to his performance at the battle of Seven Pines, Kemper was promoted to brigadier general. He was wounded in Pickett's Charge on 3 July 1863, and was captured by Union troops a few days later. Exchanged in September 1863, he returned to his command. Kemper was put in command of the reserve forces of Virginia in 1864.\n","After the war ended, Kemper returned to his law practice in Madison County and pursued business interests. He was elected governor of Virginia in 1873 and served from 1874 to 1878. Much of his term was spent in dealing with Virginia's debt. On 12 March 1874, Kemper created controversy and angered his Conservative contemporaries by vetoing a bill to transfer control of the city government of Petersburg from elected Republican officials to a board of commissioners appointed by a city judge. Governor Kemper also played an integral part in the unveiling of John Henry Foley's statue to Stonewall Jackson on Capitol Square.\n","After he left the governor's office, Kemper returned to Madison County, then moved to Orange County in 1882. Kemper married Cremora Conway Cave (ca. 1837-1870) 4 July 1853 in Madison County, and they had seven children. Kemper died 7 April 1895 in Orange County and buried at the family cemetery at \"Walnut Hills\" in Madison County.\n","Virginia Governor (1874-1878 : Kemper), Executive papers of Governor James L. Kemper, 1874-1877. Accession 43755, State government records collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219.","Executive letter book contains the outgoing correspondence of Governor James L. Kemper between 1874 and 1877, arranged chronologically. Letters were written by Governor Kemper, clerk P. F. Howard, Secretary of the Commonwealth James McDonald, and personal secretaries Meade C. Kemper, S. Bassett French, Baker P. Lee, and Charles Rutledge Whipple. Governor Kemper corresponded with a variety of individuals in federal and state government as well as important private indiviudals,on issues including the state war debt, prisoners and the Penitentiary, the volunteer militia, the Petersburg city government bill veto, requests for patronage, the Centennial Exhibition, the Virginia Military Institute, boundary disputes with West Virginia and Maryland, and the Foley statue of Stonewall Jackson. The letter book also includes a number of messages addressed to the Senate and House of Delegates of Virginia.","There are no restrictions.\n","Virginia. Department of Military Affairs.","Virginia. Governor (1874-1878 : Kemper)","Virginia. Office of the Attorney General","Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad Company","College of William and Mary","Eastern State Hospital (Va.)","Eastern State Hospital (Va.) Office of the Superintendent","Hampton Normal and Agricultural Institute (Va.)","United States Centennial Commission","University of Virginia","Virginia Military Institute","Virginia Military Institute -- History -- 19th century.","Virginia Military Institute. Board of Visitors.","Virginia Penitentiary.","Virginia Penitentiary. Superintendent.","United States. Adjutant-Generals Office","United States. Department of State","United States. Army. Quartermaster's Departmen","United States. War Department","Virginia. Department of Military Affairs","Anderson, Joseph R. (Joseph Reid), 1813-1892.","Armstrong, S. C. (Samuel Chapman), 1839-1893.","Barbour, John Strode, 1820-1892","Beauregard, G. T. (Gustave Toutant), 1818-1893","Belknap, William W. (William Worth), 1829-1890.","Benet, S. V. (Stephen Vincent), 1827-1895.","Bennett, James Gordon, 1841-1918","Beresford Hope, A. J. B. (Alexander James Beresford), 1820-1887.","Bigger, John Bell, 1829-1899.","Blair, Montgomery, 1813-1883","Brogden, C. H. (Curtis Hooks), 1816-1901","Cadwalader, John L. (John Lambert), 1837-1914.","Cameron, J. D. (James Donald), 1833-1918.","Corcoran, W. W. (William Wilson), 1798-1888","Carrington, W. C. (William C.)","Carroll, John Lee, 1830-1911.","Daniel, Raleigh T. (Raleigh Travers), 1805-1877.","Early, Jubal Anderson, 1816-1894","Ezekiel, Moses Jacob, 1844-1917.","Garland, A. H. (Augustus Hill), 1832-1899","Gildersleeve, Basil L. (Basil Lanneau), 1831-1924.","Grant, Ulysses S. (Ulysses Simpson), 1822-1885.","Groome, James Black, 1838-1893","Hardin, Charles H. (Charles Henry), 1820-1892","Hart, Joel T. (Joel Tanner), 1810-1877","Hendricks, Thomas A. (Thomas Andrews), 1819-1885","Ingalls, Rufus 1818-1905","Jackson, Mary Anna, 1831-1915","Jackson, Stonewall 1824-1863.","Jacob, John Jeremiah 1829-1893","Johnson, Bradley T. (Bradley Tyler), 1829-1903","Kemper, James Lawson, 1823-1895.","Lamb, William, 1835-1909.","Lee, Fitzhugh, 1835-1905.","Mahone, William, 1826-1895","Mann, A. Dudley (Ambrose Dudley), 1801-1889","Maury, Matthew Fontaine, 1806-1873","McCaw, James B. (James Brown), 1823-1906.","McCulloch, Hugh, 1808-1895","Michelbacher, M. J. (Maximilian J.), 1811?-1879","Peyton, Jesse Enlows, 1815-1897.","Phelps, John S. (John Smith), 1814-1886","Pickett, George E. (George Edward), 1825-1875.","Porter, James D. (James Davis), 1828-1912","Richardson, William H. (William Harvie), 1795-1876.","Ruffin, Frank G.","Smith, James M. (James Milton), 1823-1890","Smith, Francis H. (Francis Henney), 1812-1890","Smith, William, 1797-1887","Stribling, Francis T. (Francis Taliaferro), 1810-1874","Strother, George French, 1783-1840.","Stuart, Alexander H. H. (Alexander Hugh Holmes), 1807-1891","Stuart, Jeb, 1833-1864","Valentine, Edward Virginius, 1838-1930.","Vance, Zebulan Baird, 1830-1894.","Tilden, Samuel J. (Samuel Jones), 1814-1886.","Venable, Charles S. (Charles Scott), 1827-1900.","Vincent, Thomas M. (Thomas MacCurdy), 1832-1909.","Ward, Henry A. (Henry Augustus), 1834-1906","Yuengling, D. G. (David Gottlieb), 1806-1877","Van Lew, Elizabeth, 1818-1900","Wise, Richard A. (Richard Alsop), 1843-1900.","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["35358\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["A Guide to the Executive letter books of Governor James L. Kemper, \n1874-1877"],"collection_title_tesim":["A Guide to the Executive letter books of Governor James L. Kemper, \n1874-1877"],"collection_ssim":["A Guide to the Executive letter books of Governor James L. 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Governor (1874-1877 : Kemper)\n"],"creator_ssim":["Virginia. Governor (1874-1877 : Kemper)\n"],"places_ssim":["Arkansas. -- Politics and government -- 19th century","Maryland. -- Politics and government -- 19th century","Louisiana -- History -- 19th century.","Maryland -- Boundaries -- Virginia.","Missouri -- Politics and government -- 19th century.","North Carolina -- Politics and government -- 19th century.","Petersburg (Va.) -- History -- Reconstruction, 1865-1877","Tennessee -- Politics and government -- 19th century.","United States -- Centennial celebrations, etc.","United States. -- History -- Reconstruction, 1865-1877","Virginia -- Boundaries -- Maryland.","Virginia -- Capital and capitol.","Virginia -- History -- 19th century.","Virginia -- Militia -- History -- 19th century.","Virginia -- Politics and government -- 19th century.","West Virginia. -- Politics and government -- 19th century."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Acquisition information unknown\n"],"access_subjects_ssim":["State governments -- Virginia -- Officials and employees.","African Americans -- History -- 19th century.","Convict labor -- 19th century. -- Virginia","Extradition -- 19th century -- Virginia","Flour -- Inspection -- Virginia.","Governors -- Virginia.","Indians of North America -- 19th century -- Virginia","Jackson-Hope Medal.","Mattaponi Indians","Medals -- Virginia","Monuments -- Virginia -- Richmond.","National cemeteries -- Virginia.","Oyster industry -- Chesapeake Bay (Md. and Va.)","Pamunkey Indians","Pardons -- Virginia.","Prisoners -- 19th century. -- Virginia","Statues -- Virginia -- Richmond","Tobacco -- Inspection -- Virginia.","Letter books.","State government records. -- Virginia."],"access_subjects_ssm":["State governments -- Virginia -- Officials and employees.","African Americans -- History -- 19th century.","Convict labor -- 19th century. -- Virginia","Extradition -- 19th century -- Virginia","Flour -- Inspection -- Virginia.","Governors -- Virginia.","Indians of North America -- 19th century -- Virginia","Jackson-Hope Medal.","Mattaponi Indians","Medals -- Virginia","Monuments -- Virginia -- Richmond.","National cemeteries -- Virginia.","Oyster industry -- Chesapeake Bay (Md. and Va.)","Pamunkey Indians","Pardons -- Virginia.","Prisoners -- 19th century. -- Virginia","Statues -- Virginia -- Richmond","Tobacco -- Inspection -- Virginia.","Letter books.","State government records. -- Virginia."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["2 v. (689 p.)"],"extent_tesim":["2 v. (689 p.)"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFor preservation purposes, please use microfilm (Misc. reel 6193)\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["For preservation purposes, please use microfilm (Misc. reel 6193)\n"],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAlso available on microfilm (Misc. reel 6193)\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Alternative Form Available\n"],"altformavail_tesim":["Also available on microfilm (Misc. reel 6193)\n"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged into the following series: I. Executive letter books of Governor James L. Kemper, 1874-1877.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged chronologically.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged into the following series: I. Executive letter books of Governor James L. Kemper, 1874-1877.\n","Arranged chronologically.\n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJames Lawson Kemper was born 11 June 1823 at \"Mountain Prospect\" in Madison County, Virginia, to William Kemper (1776-1853) and Maria E. Allison Kemper (1787-1873). He attended the Locust Dale Academy, then Washington College (now Washington and Lee University) in Lexington, Virginia, graduating in 1842. He read law under George W. Summers (1804-1868) of Kanawha County, (West) Virginia, and received a master's degree from Washington College. Admitted to the bar 2 October 1846, Kemper returned to Madison County to practice law. When the Mexican War began, Kemper was appointed captain in the First Virginia Regiment and served until the end of the war. In 1853, Kemper was elected to the House of Delegates and served until 1863. He was Speaker of the House from 1861 to 1863. Kemper also was appointed a general in the Virginia militia in 1858. When the Civil War began, Kemper was appointed colonel of the 7th Virginia Infantry. Due to his performance at the battle of Seven Pines, Kemper was promoted to brigadier general. He was wounded in Pickett's Charge on 3 July 1863, and was captured by Union troops a few days later. Exchanged in September 1863, he returned to his command. Kemper was put in command of the reserve forces of Virginia in 1864.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAfter the war ended, Kemper returned to his law practice in Madison County and pursued business interests. He was elected governor of Virginia in 1873 and served from 1874 to 1878. Much of his term was spent in dealing with Virginia's debt. On 12 March 1874, Kemper created controversy and angered his Conservative contemporaries by vetoing a bill to transfer control of the city government of Petersburg from elected Republican officials to a board of commissioners appointed by a city judge. Governor Kemper also played an integral part in the unveiling of John Henry Foley's statue to Stonewall Jackson on Capitol Square.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAfter he left the governor's office, Kemper returned to Madison County, then moved to Orange County in 1882. Kemper married Cremora Conway Cave (ca. 1837-1870) 4 July 1853 in Madison County, and they had seven children. Kemper died 7 April 1895 in Orange County and buried at the family cemetery at \"Walnut Hills\" in Madison County.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["James Lawson Kemper was born 11 June 1823 at \"Mountain Prospect\" in Madison County, Virginia, to William Kemper (1776-1853) and Maria E. Allison Kemper (1787-1873). He attended the Locust Dale Academy, then Washington College (now Washington and Lee University) in Lexington, Virginia, graduating in 1842. He read law under George W. Summers (1804-1868) of Kanawha County, (West) Virginia, and received a master's degree from Washington College. Admitted to the bar 2 October 1846, Kemper returned to Madison County to practice law. When the Mexican War began, Kemper was appointed captain in the First Virginia Regiment and served until the end of the war. In 1853, Kemper was elected to the House of Delegates and served until 1863. He was Speaker of the House from 1861 to 1863. Kemper also was appointed a general in the Virginia militia in 1858. When the Civil War began, Kemper was appointed colonel of the 7th Virginia Infantry. Due to his performance at the battle of Seven Pines, Kemper was promoted to brigadier general. He was wounded in Pickett's Charge on 3 July 1863, and was captured by Union troops a few days later. Exchanged in September 1863, he returned to his command. Kemper was put in command of the reserve forces of Virginia in 1864.\n","After the war ended, Kemper returned to his law practice in Madison County and pursued business interests. He was elected governor of Virginia in 1873 and served from 1874 to 1878. Much of his term was spent in dealing with Virginia's debt. On 12 March 1874, Kemper created controversy and angered his Conservative contemporaries by vetoing a bill to transfer control of the city government of Petersburg from elected Republican officials to a board of commissioners appointed by a city judge. Governor Kemper also played an integral part in the unveiling of John Henry Foley's statue to Stonewall Jackson on Capitol Square.\n","After he left the governor's office, Kemper returned to Madison County, then moved to Orange County in 1882. Kemper married Cremora Conway Cave (ca. 1837-1870) 4 July 1853 in Madison County, and they had seven children. Kemper died 7 April 1895 in Orange County and buried at the family cemetery at \"Walnut Hills\" in Madison County.\n"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eExecutive letter books of Governor James L. Kemper, 1874 Jan. 5-1877 Dec. 28. Accession 35358, State government records collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Executive letter books of Governor James L. Kemper, 1874 Jan. 5-1877 Dec. 28. Accession 35358, State government records collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.\n"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\n\u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=lva/vi03130.xml\"\u003eVirginia Governor (1874-1878 : Kemper), Executive papers of Governor James L. Kemper, 1874-1877. Accession 43755, State government records collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219.\u003c/extref\u003e\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Virginia Governor (1874-1878 : Kemper), Executive papers of Governor James L. Kemper, 1874-1877. Accession 43755, State government records collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eExecutive letter book contains the outgoing correspondence of Governor James L. Kemper between 1874 and 1877, arranged chronologically. Letters were written by Governor Kemper, clerk P. F. Howard, Secretary of the Commonwealth James McDonald, and personal secretaries Meade C. Kemper, S. Bassett French, Baker P. Lee, and Charles Rutledge Whipple. Governor Kemper corresponded with a variety of individuals in federal and state government as well as important private indiviudals,on issues including the state war debt, prisoners and the Penitentiary, the volunteer militia, the Petersburg city government bill veto, requests for patronage, the Centennial Exhibition, the Virginia Military Institute, boundary disputes with West Virginia and Maryland, and the Foley statue of Stonewall Jackson. The letter book also includes a number of messages addressed to the Senate and House of Delegates of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Executive letter book contains the outgoing correspondence of Governor James L. Kemper between 1874 and 1877, arranged chronologically. Letters were written by Governor Kemper, clerk P. F. Howard, Secretary of the Commonwealth James McDonald, and personal secretaries Meade C. Kemper, S. Bassett French, Baker P. Lee, and Charles Rutledge Whipple. Governor Kemper corresponded with a variety of individuals in federal and state government as well as important private indiviudals,on issues including the state war debt, prisoners and the Penitentiary, the volunteer militia, the Petersburg city government bill veto, requests for patronage, the Centennial Exhibition, the Virginia Military Institute, boundary disputes with West Virginia and Maryland, and the Foley statue of Stonewall Jackson. The letter book also includes a number of messages addressed to the Senate and House of Delegates of Virginia."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"names_ssim":["Virginia. Department of Military Affairs.","Virginia. Governor (1874-1878 : Kemper)","Virginia. 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(Francis Taliaferro), 1810-1874","Strother, George French, 1783-1840.","Stuart, Alexander H. H. (Alexander Hugh Holmes), 1807-1891","Stuart, Jeb, 1833-1864","Valentine, Edward Virginius, 1838-1930.","Vance, Zebulan Baird, 1830-1894.","Tilden, Samuel J. (Samuel Jones), 1814-1886.","Venable, Charles S. (Charles Scott), 1827-1900.","Vincent, Thomas M. (Thomas MacCurdy), 1832-1909.","Ward, Henry A. (Henry Augustus), 1834-1906","Yuengling, D. G. (David Gottlieb), 1806-1877","Van Lew, Elizabeth, 1818-1900","Wise, Richard A. (Richard Alsop), 1843-1900."],"corpname_ssim":["Virginia. Department of Military Affairs.","Virginia. Governor (1874-1878 : Kemper)","Virginia. Office of the Attorney General","Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad Company","College of William and Mary","Eastern State Hospital (Va.)","Eastern State Hospital (Va.) Office of the Superintendent","Hampton Normal and Agricultural Institute (Va.)","United States Centennial Commission","University of Virginia","Virginia Military Institute","Virginia Military Institute -- History -- 19th century.","Virginia Military Institute. Board of Visitors.","Virginia Penitentiary.","Virginia Penitentiary. Superintendent.","United States. Adjutant-Generals Office","United States. Department of State","United States. Army. Quartermaster's Departmen","United States. War Department","Virginia. Department of Military Affairs"],"names_coll_ssim":["Anderson, Joseph R. (Joseph Reid), 1813-1892.","Armstrong, S. C. (Samuel Chapman), 1839-1893.","Barbour, John Strode, 1820-1892","Beauregard, G. T. (Gustave Toutant), 1818-1893","Belknap, William W. (William Worth), 1829-1890.","Benet, S. V. (Stephen Vincent), 1827-1895.","Bennett, James Gordon, 1841-1918","Beresford Hope, A. J. B. (Alexander James Beresford), 1820-1887.","Bigger, John Bell, 1829-1899.","Blair, Montgomery, 1813-1883","Brogden, C. H. (Curtis Hooks), 1816-1901","Cadwalader, John L. (John Lambert), 1837-1914.","Cameron, J. D. (James Donald), 1833-1918.","Corcoran, W. W. (William Wilson), 1798-1888","Carrington, W. C. (William C.)","Carroll, John Lee, 1830-1911.","Daniel, Raleigh T. (Raleigh Travers), 1805-1877.","Early, Jubal Anderson, 1816-1894","Ezekiel, Moses Jacob, 1844-1917.","Garland, A. H. (Augustus Hill), 1832-1899","Gildersleeve, Basil L. (Basil Lanneau), 1831-1924.","Grant, Ulysses S. (Ulysses Simpson), 1822-1885.","Groome, James Black, 1838-1893","Hardin, Charles H. (Charles Henry), 1820-1892","Hart, Joel T. (Joel Tanner), 1810-1877","Hendricks, Thomas A. (Thomas Andrews), 1819-1885","Ingalls, Rufus 1818-1905","Jackson, Mary Anna, 1831-1915","Jackson, Stonewall 1824-1863.","Jacob, John Jeremiah 1829-1893","Johnson, Bradley T. (Bradley Tyler), 1829-1903","Kemper, James Lawson, 1823-1895.","Lamb, William, 1835-1909.","Lee, Fitzhugh, 1835-1905.","Mahone, William, 1826-1895","Mann, A. Dudley (Ambrose Dudley), 1801-1889","Maury, Matthew Fontaine, 1806-1873","McCaw, James B. (James Brown), 1823-1906.","McCulloch, Hugh, 1808-1895","Michelbacher, M. J. (Maximilian J.), 1811?-1879","Peyton, Jesse Enlows, 1815-1897.","Phelps, John S. (John Smith), 1814-1886","Pickett, George E. (George Edward), 1825-1875.","Porter, James D. (James Davis), 1828-1912","Richardson, William H. (William Harvie), 1795-1876.","Ruffin, Frank G.","Smith, James M. (James Milton), 1823-1890","Smith, Francis H. (Francis Henney), 1812-1890","Smith, William, 1797-1887","Stribling, Francis T. (Francis Taliaferro), 1810-1874","Strother, George French, 1783-1840.","Stuart, Alexander H. H. (Alexander Hugh Holmes), 1807-1891","Stuart, Jeb, 1833-1864","Valentine, Edward Virginius, 1838-1930.","Vance, Zebulan Baird, 1830-1894.","Tilden, Samuel J. (Samuel Jones), 1814-1886.","Venable, Charles S. (Charles Scott), 1827-1900.","Vincent, Thomas M. (Thomas MacCurdy), 1832-1909.","Ward, Henry A. (Henry Augustus), 1834-1906","Yuengling, D. G. (David Gottlieb), 1806-1877","Van Lew, Elizabeth, 1818-1900","Wise, Richard A. (Richard Alsop), 1843-1900."],"persname_ssim":["Anderson, Joseph R. (Joseph Reid), 1813-1892.","Armstrong, S. C. (Samuel Chapman), 1839-1893.","Barbour, John Strode, 1820-1892","Beauregard, G. T. (Gustave Toutant), 1818-1893","Belknap, William W. (William Worth), 1829-1890.","Benet, S. V. (Stephen Vincent), 1827-1895.","Bennett, James Gordon, 1841-1918","Beresford Hope, A. J. B. (Alexander James Beresford), 1820-1887.","Bigger, John Bell, 1829-1899.","Blair, Montgomery, 1813-1883","Brogden, C. H. (Curtis Hooks), 1816-1901","Cadwalader, John L. (John Lambert), 1837-1914.","Cameron, J. D. (James Donald), 1833-1918.","Corcoran, W. W. (William Wilson), 1798-1888","Carrington, W. C. (William C.)","Carroll, John Lee, 1830-1911.","Daniel, Raleigh T. (Raleigh Travers), 1805-1877.","Early, Jubal Anderson, 1816-1894","Ezekiel, Moses Jacob, 1844-1917.","Garland, A. H. (Augustus Hill), 1832-1899","Gildersleeve, Basil L. (Basil Lanneau), 1831-1924.","Grant, Ulysses S. (Ulysses Simpson), 1822-1885.","Groome, James Black, 1838-1893","Hardin, Charles H. (Charles Henry), 1820-1892","Hart, Joel T. (Joel Tanner), 1810-1877","Hendricks, Thomas A. (Thomas Andrews), 1819-1885","Ingalls, Rufus 1818-1905","Jackson, Mary Anna, 1831-1915","Jackson, Stonewall 1824-1863.","Jacob, John Jeremiah 1829-1893","Johnson, Bradley T. (Bradley Tyler), 1829-1903","Kemper, James Lawson, 1823-1895.","Lamb, William, 1835-1909.","Lee, Fitzhugh, 1835-1905.","Mahone, William, 1826-1895","Mann, A. Dudley (Ambrose Dudley), 1801-1889","Maury, Matthew Fontaine, 1806-1873","McCaw, James B. (James Brown), 1823-1906.","McCulloch, Hugh, 1808-1895","Michelbacher, M. J. (Maximilian J.), 1811?-1879","Peyton, Jesse Enlows, 1815-1897.","Phelps, John S. (John Smith), 1814-1886","Pickett, George E. (George Edward), 1825-1875.","Porter, James D. (James Davis), 1828-1912","Richardson, William H. (William Harvie), 1795-1876.","Ruffin, Frank G.","Smith, James M. (James Milton), 1823-1890","Smith, Francis H. (Francis Henney), 1812-1890","Smith, William, 1797-1887","Stribling, Francis T. (Francis Taliaferro), 1810-1874","Strother, George French, 1783-1840.","Stuart, Alexander H. H. (Alexander Hugh Holmes), 1807-1891","Stuart, Jeb, 1833-1864","Valentine, Edward Virginius, 1838-1930.","Vance, Zebulan Baird, 1830-1894.","Tilden, Samuel J. (Samuel Jones), 1814-1886.","Venable, Charles S. (Charles Scott), 1827-1900.","Vincent, Thomas M. (Thomas MacCurdy), 1832-1909.","Ward, Henry A. (Henry Augustus), 1834-1906","Yuengling, D. G. (David Gottlieb), 1806-1877","Van Lew, Elizabeth, 1818-1900","Wise, Richard A. (Richard Alsop), 1843-1900."],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T11:08:31.826Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi04801","ead_ssi":"vi_vi04801","_root_":"vi_vi04801","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi04801","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi04801.xml","title_ssm":["A Guide to the Executive letter books of Governor James L. Kemper, \n1874-1877"],"title_tesim":["A Guide to the Executive letter books of Governor James L. Kemper, \n1874-1877"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["35358\n"],"text":["35358\n","A Guide to the Executive letter books of Governor James L. Kemper, \n1874-1877","Arkansas. -- Politics and government -- 19th century","Maryland. -- Politics and government -- 19th century","Louisiana -- History -- 19th century.","Maryland -- Boundaries -- Virginia.","Missouri -- Politics and government -- 19th century.","North Carolina -- Politics and government -- 19th century.","Petersburg (Va.) -- History -- Reconstruction, 1865-1877","Tennessee -- Politics and government -- 19th century.","United States -- Centennial celebrations, etc.","United States. -- History -- Reconstruction, 1865-1877","Virginia -- Boundaries -- Maryland.","Virginia -- Capital and capitol.","Virginia -- History -- 19th century.","Virginia -- Militia -- History -- 19th century.","Virginia -- Politics and government -- 19th century.","West Virginia. -- Politics and government -- 19th century.","State governments -- Virginia -- Officials and employees.","African Americans -- History -- 19th century.","Convict labor -- 19th century. -- Virginia","Extradition -- 19th century -- Virginia","Flour -- Inspection -- Virginia.","Governors -- Virginia.","Indians of North America -- 19th century -- Virginia","Jackson-Hope Medal.","Mattaponi Indians","Medals -- Virginia","Monuments -- Virginia -- Richmond.","National cemeteries -- Virginia.","Oyster industry -- Chesapeake Bay (Md. and Va.)","Pamunkey Indians","Pardons -- Virginia.","Prisoners -- 19th century. -- Virginia","Statues -- Virginia -- Richmond","Tobacco -- Inspection -- Virginia.","Letter books.","State government records. -- Virginia.","For preservation purposes, please use microfilm (Misc. reel 6193)\n","Also available on microfilm (Misc. reel 6193)\n","This collection is arranged into the following series: I. Executive letter books of Governor James L. Kemper, 1874-1877.\n","Arranged chronologically.\n","James Lawson Kemper was born 11 June 1823 at \"Mountain Prospect\" in Madison County, Virginia, to William Kemper (1776-1853) and Maria E. Allison Kemper (1787-1873). He attended the Locust Dale Academy, then Washington College (now Washington and Lee University) in Lexington, Virginia, graduating in 1842. He read law under George W. Summers (1804-1868) of Kanawha County, (West) Virginia, and received a master's degree from Washington College. Admitted to the bar 2 October 1846, Kemper returned to Madison County to practice law. When the Mexican War began, Kemper was appointed captain in the First Virginia Regiment and served until the end of the war. In 1853, Kemper was elected to the House of Delegates and served until 1863. He was Speaker of the House from 1861 to 1863. Kemper also was appointed a general in the Virginia militia in 1858. When the Civil War began, Kemper was appointed colonel of the 7th Virginia Infantry. Due to his performance at the battle of Seven Pines, Kemper was promoted to brigadier general. He was wounded in Pickett's Charge on 3 July 1863, and was captured by Union troops a few days later. Exchanged in September 1863, he returned to his command. Kemper was put in command of the reserve forces of Virginia in 1864.\n","After the war ended, Kemper returned to his law practice in Madison County and pursued business interests. He was elected governor of Virginia in 1873 and served from 1874 to 1878. Much of his term was spent in dealing with Virginia's debt. On 12 March 1874, Kemper created controversy and angered his Conservative contemporaries by vetoing a bill to transfer control of the city government of Petersburg from elected Republican officials to a board of commissioners appointed by a city judge. Governor Kemper also played an integral part in the unveiling of John Henry Foley's statue to Stonewall Jackson on Capitol Square.\n","After he left the governor's office, Kemper returned to Madison County, then moved to Orange County in 1882. Kemper married Cremora Conway Cave (ca. 1837-1870) 4 July 1853 in Madison County, and they had seven children. Kemper died 7 April 1895 in Orange County and buried at the family cemetery at \"Walnut Hills\" in Madison County.\n","Virginia Governor (1874-1878 : Kemper), Executive papers of Governor James L. Kemper, 1874-1877. Accession 43755, State government records collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219.","Executive letter book contains the outgoing correspondence of Governor James L. Kemper between 1874 and 1877, arranged chronologically. Letters were written by Governor Kemper, clerk P. F. Howard, Secretary of the Commonwealth James McDonald, and personal secretaries Meade C. Kemper, S. Bassett French, Baker P. Lee, and Charles Rutledge Whipple. Governor Kemper corresponded with a variety of individuals in federal and state government as well as important private indiviudals,on issues including the state war debt, prisoners and the Penitentiary, the volunteer militia, the Petersburg city government bill veto, requests for patronage, the Centennial Exhibition, the Virginia Military Institute, boundary disputes with West Virginia and Maryland, and the Foley statue of Stonewall Jackson. The letter book also includes a number of messages addressed to the Senate and House of Delegates of Virginia.","There are no restrictions.\n","Virginia. Department of Military Affairs.","Virginia. Governor (1874-1878 : Kemper)","Virginia. Office of the Attorney General","Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad Company","College of William and Mary","Eastern State Hospital (Va.)","Eastern State Hospital (Va.) Office of the Superintendent","Hampton Normal and Agricultural Institute (Va.)","United States Centennial Commission","University of Virginia","Virginia Military Institute","Virginia Military Institute -- History -- 19th century.","Virginia Military Institute. Board of Visitors.","Virginia Penitentiary.","Virginia Penitentiary. Superintendent.","United States. Adjutant-Generals Office","United States. Department of State","United States. Army. Quartermaster's Departmen","United States. War Department","Virginia. Department of Military Affairs","Anderson, Joseph R. (Joseph Reid), 1813-1892.","Armstrong, S. C. (Samuel Chapman), 1839-1893.","Barbour, John Strode, 1820-1892","Beauregard, G. T. (Gustave Toutant), 1818-1893","Belknap, William W. (William Worth), 1829-1890.","Benet, S. V. (Stephen Vincent), 1827-1895.","Bennett, James Gordon, 1841-1918","Beresford Hope, A. J. B. (Alexander James Beresford), 1820-1887.","Bigger, John Bell, 1829-1899.","Blair, Montgomery, 1813-1883","Brogden, C. H. (Curtis Hooks), 1816-1901","Cadwalader, John L. (John Lambert), 1837-1914.","Cameron, J. D. (James Donald), 1833-1918.","Corcoran, W. W. (William Wilson), 1798-1888","Carrington, W. C. (William C.)","Carroll, John Lee, 1830-1911.","Daniel, Raleigh T. (Raleigh Travers), 1805-1877.","Early, Jubal Anderson, 1816-1894","Ezekiel, Moses Jacob, 1844-1917.","Garland, A. H. (Augustus Hill), 1832-1899","Gildersleeve, Basil L. (Basil Lanneau), 1831-1924.","Grant, Ulysses S. (Ulysses Simpson), 1822-1885.","Groome, James Black, 1838-1893","Hardin, Charles H. (Charles Henry), 1820-1892","Hart, Joel T. (Joel Tanner), 1810-1877","Hendricks, Thomas A. (Thomas Andrews), 1819-1885","Ingalls, Rufus 1818-1905","Jackson, Mary Anna, 1831-1915","Jackson, Stonewall 1824-1863.","Jacob, John Jeremiah 1829-1893","Johnson, Bradley T. (Bradley Tyler), 1829-1903","Kemper, James Lawson, 1823-1895.","Lamb, William, 1835-1909.","Lee, Fitzhugh, 1835-1905.","Mahone, William, 1826-1895","Mann, A. Dudley (Ambrose Dudley), 1801-1889","Maury, Matthew Fontaine, 1806-1873","McCaw, James B. (James Brown), 1823-1906.","McCulloch, Hugh, 1808-1895","Michelbacher, M. J. (Maximilian J.), 1811?-1879","Peyton, Jesse Enlows, 1815-1897.","Phelps, John S. (John Smith), 1814-1886","Pickett, George E. (George Edward), 1825-1875.","Porter, James D. (James Davis), 1828-1912","Richardson, William H. (William Harvie), 1795-1876.","Ruffin, Frank G.","Smith, James M. (James Milton), 1823-1890","Smith, Francis H. (Francis Henney), 1812-1890","Smith, William, 1797-1887","Stribling, Francis T. (Francis Taliaferro), 1810-1874","Strother, George French, 1783-1840.","Stuart, Alexander H. H. (Alexander Hugh Holmes), 1807-1891","Stuart, Jeb, 1833-1864","Valentine, Edward Virginius, 1838-1930.","Vance, Zebulan Baird, 1830-1894.","Tilden, Samuel J. (Samuel Jones), 1814-1886.","Venable, Charles S. (Charles Scott), 1827-1900.","Vincent, Thomas M. (Thomas MacCurdy), 1832-1909.","Ward, Henry A. (Henry Augustus), 1834-1906","Yuengling, D. G. (David Gottlieb), 1806-1877","Van Lew, Elizabeth, 1818-1900","Wise, Richard A. (Richard Alsop), 1843-1900.","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["35358\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["A Guide to the Executive letter books of Governor James L. Kemper, \n1874-1877"],"collection_title_tesim":["A Guide to the Executive letter books of Governor James L. Kemper, \n1874-1877"],"collection_ssim":["A Guide to the Executive letter books of Governor James L. 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Governor (1874-1877 : Kemper)\n"],"creator_ssim":["Virginia. 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(689 p.)"],"extent_tesim":["2 v. (689 p.)"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFor preservation purposes, please use microfilm (Misc. reel 6193)\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["For preservation purposes, please use microfilm (Misc. reel 6193)\n"],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAlso available on microfilm (Misc. reel 6193)\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Alternative Form Available\n"],"altformavail_tesim":["Also available on microfilm (Misc. reel 6193)\n"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged into the following series: I. Executive letter books of Governor James L. Kemper, 1874-1877.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged chronologically.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged into the following series: I. Executive letter books of Governor James L. Kemper, 1874-1877.\n","Arranged chronologically.\n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJames Lawson Kemper was born 11 June 1823 at \"Mountain Prospect\" in Madison County, Virginia, to William Kemper (1776-1853) and Maria E. Allison Kemper (1787-1873). He attended the Locust Dale Academy, then Washington College (now Washington and Lee University) in Lexington, Virginia, graduating in 1842. He read law under George W. Summers (1804-1868) of Kanawha County, (West) Virginia, and received a master's degree from Washington College. Admitted to the bar 2 October 1846, Kemper returned to Madison County to practice law. When the Mexican War began, Kemper was appointed captain in the First Virginia Regiment and served until the end of the war. In 1853, Kemper was elected to the House of Delegates and served until 1863. He was Speaker of the House from 1861 to 1863. Kemper also was appointed a general in the Virginia militia in 1858. When the Civil War began, Kemper was appointed colonel of the 7th Virginia Infantry. Due to his performance at the battle of Seven Pines, Kemper was promoted to brigadier general. He was wounded in Pickett's Charge on 3 July 1863, and was captured by Union troops a few days later. Exchanged in September 1863, he returned to his command. Kemper was put in command of the reserve forces of Virginia in 1864.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAfter the war ended, Kemper returned to his law practice in Madison County and pursued business interests. He was elected governor of Virginia in 1873 and served from 1874 to 1878. Much of his term was spent in dealing with Virginia's debt. On 12 March 1874, Kemper created controversy and angered his Conservative contemporaries by vetoing a bill to transfer control of the city government of Petersburg from elected Republican officials to a board of commissioners appointed by a city judge. Governor Kemper also played an integral part in the unveiling of John Henry Foley's statue to Stonewall Jackson on Capitol Square.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAfter he left the governor's office, Kemper returned to Madison County, then moved to Orange County in 1882. Kemper married Cremora Conway Cave (ca. 1837-1870) 4 July 1853 in Madison County, and they had seven children. Kemper died 7 April 1895 in Orange County and buried at the family cemetery at \"Walnut Hills\" in Madison County.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["James Lawson Kemper was born 11 June 1823 at \"Mountain Prospect\" in Madison County, Virginia, to William Kemper (1776-1853) and Maria E. Allison Kemper (1787-1873). He attended the Locust Dale Academy, then Washington College (now Washington and Lee University) in Lexington, Virginia, graduating in 1842. He read law under George W. Summers (1804-1868) of Kanawha County, (West) Virginia, and received a master's degree from Washington College. Admitted to the bar 2 October 1846, Kemper returned to Madison County to practice law. When the Mexican War began, Kemper was appointed captain in the First Virginia Regiment and served until the end of the war. In 1853, Kemper was elected to the House of Delegates and served until 1863. He was Speaker of the House from 1861 to 1863. Kemper also was appointed a general in the Virginia militia in 1858. When the Civil War began, Kemper was appointed colonel of the 7th Virginia Infantry. Due to his performance at the battle of Seven Pines, Kemper was promoted to brigadier general. He was wounded in Pickett's Charge on 3 July 1863, and was captured by Union troops a few days later. Exchanged in September 1863, he returned to his command. Kemper was put in command of the reserve forces of Virginia in 1864.\n","After the war ended, Kemper returned to his law practice in Madison County and pursued business interests. He was elected governor of Virginia in 1873 and served from 1874 to 1878. Much of his term was spent in dealing with Virginia's debt. On 12 March 1874, Kemper created controversy and angered his Conservative contemporaries by vetoing a bill to transfer control of the city government of Petersburg from elected Republican officials to a board of commissioners appointed by a city judge. Governor Kemper also played an integral part in the unveiling of John Henry Foley's statue to Stonewall Jackson on Capitol Square.\n","After he left the governor's office, Kemper returned to Madison County, then moved to Orange County in 1882. Kemper married Cremora Conway Cave (ca. 1837-1870) 4 July 1853 in Madison County, and they had seven children. Kemper died 7 April 1895 in Orange County and buried at the family cemetery at \"Walnut Hills\" in Madison County.\n"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eExecutive letter books of Governor James L. Kemper, 1874 Jan. 5-1877 Dec. 28. Accession 35358, State government records collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Executive letter books of Governor James L. Kemper, 1874 Jan. 5-1877 Dec. 28. Accession 35358, State government records collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.\n"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\n\u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=lva/vi03130.xml\"\u003eVirginia Governor (1874-1878 : Kemper), Executive papers of Governor James L. Kemper, 1874-1877. Accession 43755, State government records collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219.\u003c/extref\u003e\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Virginia Governor (1874-1878 : Kemper), Executive papers of Governor James L. Kemper, 1874-1877. Accession 43755, State government records collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eExecutive letter book contains the outgoing correspondence of Governor James L. Kemper between 1874 and 1877, arranged chronologically. Letters were written by Governor Kemper, clerk P. F. Howard, Secretary of the Commonwealth James McDonald, and personal secretaries Meade C. Kemper, S. Bassett French, Baker P. Lee, and Charles Rutledge Whipple. Governor Kemper corresponded with a variety of individuals in federal and state government as well as important private indiviudals,on issues including the state war debt, prisoners and the Penitentiary, the volunteer militia, the Petersburg city government bill veto, requests for patronage, the Centennial Exhibition, the Virginia Military Institute, boundary disputes with West Virginia and Maryland, and the Foley statue of Stonewall Jackson. The letter book also includes a number of messages addressed to the Senate and House of Delegates of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Executive letter book contains the outgoing correspondence of Governor James L. Kemper between 1874 and 1877, arranged chronologically. Letters were written by Governor Kemper, clerk P. F. Howard, Secretary of the Commonwealth James McDonald, and personal secretaries Meade C. Kemper, S. Bassett French, Baker P. Lee, and Charles Rutledge Whipple. Governor Kemper corresponded with a variety of individuals in federal and state government as well as important private indiviudals,on issues including the state war debt, prisoners and the Penitentiary, the volunteer militia, the Petersburg city government bill veto, requests for patronage, the Centennial Exhibition, the Virginia Military Institute, boundary disputes with West Virginia and Maryland, and the Foley statue of Stonewall Jackson. The letter book also includes a number of messages addressed to the Senate and House of Delegates of Virginia."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"names_ssim":["Virginia. Department of Military Affairs.","Virginia. Governor (1874-1878 : Kemper)","Virginia. Office of the Attorney General","Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad Company","College of William and Mary","Eastern State Hospital (Va.)","Eastern State Hospital (Va.) Office of the Superintendent","Hampton Normal and Agricultural Institute (Va.)","United States Centennial Commission","University of Virginia","Virginia Military Institute","Virginia Military Institute -- History -- 19th century.","Virginia Military Institute. Board of Visitors.","Virginia Penitentiary.","Virginia Penitentiary. Superintendent.","United States. Adjutant-Generals Office","United States. Department of State","United States. Army. Quartermaster's Departmen","United States. War Department","Virginia. Department of Military Affairs","Anderson, Joseph R. (Joseph Reid), 1813-1892.","Armstrong, S. C. (Samuel Chapman), 1839-1893.","Barbour, John Strode, 1820-1892","Beauregard, G. T. (Gustave Toutant), 1818-1893","Belknap, William W. (William Worth), 1829-1890.","Benet, S. V. (Stephen Vincent), 1827-1895.","Bennett, James Gordon, 1841-1918","Beresford Hope, A. J. B. (Alexander James Beresford), 1820-1887.","Bigger, John Bell, 1829-1899.","Blair, Montgomery, 1813-1883","Brogden, C. H. (Curtis Hooks), 1816-1901","Cadwalader, John L. (John Lambert), 1837-1914.","Cameron, J. D. (James Donald), 1833-1918.","Corcoran, W. W. (William Wilson), 1798-1888","Carrington, W. C. (William C.)","Carroll, John Lee, 1830-1911.","Daniel, Raleigh T. (Raleigh Travers), 1805-1877.","Early, Jubal Anderson, 1816-1894","Ezekiel, Moses Jacob, 1844-1917.","Garland, A. H. (Augustus Hill), 1832-1899","Gildersleeve, Basil L. (Basil Lanneau), 1831-1924.","Grant, Ulysses S. (Ulysses Simpson), 1822-1885.","Groome, James Black, 1838-1893","Hardin, Charles H. (Charles Henry), 1820-1892","Hart, Joel T. (Joel Tanner), 1810-1877","Hendricks, Thomas A. (Thomas Andrews), 1819-1885","Ingalls, Rufus 1818-1905","Jackson, Mary Anna, 1831-1915","Jackson, Stonewall 1824-1863.","Jacob, John Jeremiah 1829-1893","Johnson, Bradley T. (Bradley Tyler), 1829-1903","Kemper, James Lawson, 1823-1895.","Lamb, William, 1835-1909.","Lee, Fitzhugh, 1835-1905.","Mahone, William, 1826-1895","Mann, A. Dudley (Ambrose Dudley), 1801-1889","Maury, Matthew Fontaine, 1806-1873","McCaw, James B. (James Brown), 1823-1906.","McCulloch, Hugh, 1808-1895","Michelbacher, M. J. (Maximilian J.), 1811?-1879","Peyton, Jesse Enlows, 1815-1897.","Phelps, John S. (John Smith), 1814-1886","Pickett, George E. (George Edward), 1825-1875.","Porter, James D. (James Davis), 1828-1912","Richardson, William H. (William Harvie), 1795-1876.","Ruffin, Frank G.","Smith, James M. (James Milton), 1823-1890","Smith, Francis H. (Francis Henney), 1812-1890","Smith, William, 1797-1887","Stribling, Francis T. (Francis Taliaferro), 1810-1874","Strother, George French, 1783-1840.","Stuart, Alexander H. H. (Alexander Hugh Holmes), 1807-1891","Stuart, Jeb, 1833-1864","Valentine, Edward Virginius, 1838-1930.","Vance, Zebulan Baird, 1830-1894.","Tilden, Samuel J. (Samuel Jones), 1814-1886.","Venable, Charles S. (Charles Scott), 1827-1900.","Vincent, Thomas M. (Thomas MacCurdy), 1832-1909.","Ward, Henry A. (Henry Augustus), 1834-1906","Yuengling, D. G. (David Gottlieb), 1806-1877","Van Lew, Elizabeth, 1818-1900","Wise, Richard A. (Richard Alsop), 1843-1900."],"corpname_ssim":["Virginia. Department of Military Affairs.","Virginia. Governor (1874-1878 : Kemper)","Virginia. Office of the Attorney General","Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad Company","College of William and Mary","Eastern State Hospital (Va.)","Eastern State Hospital (Va.) Office of the Superintendent","Hampton Normal and Agricultural Institute (Va.)","United States Centennial Commission","University of Virginia","Virginia Military Institute","Virginia Military Institute -- History -- 19th century.","Virginia Military Institute. Board of Visitors.","Virginia Penitentiary.","Virginia Penitentiary. Superintendent.","United States. Adjutant-Generals Office","United States. Department of State","United States. Army. Quartermaster's Departmen","United States. War Department","Virginia. Department of Military Affairs"],"names_coll_ssim":["Anderson, Joseph R. (Joseph Reid), 1813-1892.","Armstrong, S. C. (Samuel Chapman), 1839-1893.","Barbour, John Strode, 1820-1892","Beauregard, G. T. (Gustave Toutant), 1818-1893","Belknap, William W. (William Worth), 1829-1890.","Benet, S. V. (Stephen Vincent), 1827-1895.","Bennett, James Gordon, 1841-1918","Beresford Hope, A. J. B. (Alexander James Beresford), 1820-1887.","Bigger, John Bell, 1829-1899.","Blair, Montgomery, 1813-1883","Brogden, C. H. (Curtis Hooks), 1816-1901","Cadwalader, John L. (John Lambert), 1837-1914.","Cameron, J. D. (James Donald), 1833-1918.","Corcoran, W. W. (William Wilson), 1798-1888","Carrington, W. C. (William C.)","Carroll, John Lee, 1830-1911.","Daniel, Raleigh T. (Raleigh Travers), 1805-1877.","Early, Jubal Anderson, 1816-1894","Ezekiel, Moses Jacob, 1844-1917.","Garland, A. H. (Augustus Hill), 1832-1899","Gildersleeve, Basil L. (Basil Lanneau), 1831-1924.","Grant, Ulysses S. (Ulysses Simpson), 1822-1885.","Groome, James Black, 1838-1893","Hardin, Charles H. (Charles Henry), 1820-1892","Hart, Joel T. (Joel Tanner), 1810-1877","Hendricks, Thomas A. (Thomas Andrews), 1819-1885","Ingalls, Rufus 1818-1905","Jackson, Mary Anna, 1831-1915","Jackson, Stonewall 1824-1863.","Jacob, John Jeremiah 1829-1893","Johnson, Bradley T. (Bradley Tyler), 1829-1903","Kemper, James Lawson, 1823-1895.","Lamb, William, 1835-1909.","Lee, Fitzhugh, 1835-1905.","Mahone, William, 1826-1895","Mann, A. Dudley (Ambrose Dudley), 1801-1889","Maury, Matthew Fontaine, 1806-1873","McCaw, James B. (James Brown), 1823-1906.","McCulloch, Hugh, 1808-1895","Michelbacher, M. J. (Maximilian J.), 1811?-1879","Peyton, Jesse Enlows, 1815-1897.","Phelps, John S. (John Smith), 1814-1886","Pickett, George E. (George Edward), 1825-1875.","Porter, James D. (James Davis), 1828-1912","Richardson, William H. (William Harvie), 1795-1876.","Ruffin, Frank G.","Smith, James M. (James Milton), 1823-1890","Smith, Francis H. (Francis Henney), 1812-1890","Smith, William, 1797-1887","Stribling, Francis T. (Francis Taliaferro), 1810-1874","Strother, George French, 1783-1840.","Stuart, Alexander H. H. (Alexander Hugh Holmes), 1807-1891","Stuart, Jeb, 1833-1864","Valentine, Edward Virginius, 1838-1930.","Vance, Zebulan Baird, 1830-1894.","Tilden, Samuel J. (Samuel Jones), 1814-1886.","Venable, Charles S. (Charles Scott), 1827-1900.","Vincent, Thomas M. (Thomas MacCurdy), 1832-1909.","Ward, Henry A. (Henry Augustus), 1834-1906","Yuengling, D. G. (David Gottlieb), 1806-1877","Van Lew, Elizabeth, 1818-1900","Wise, Richard A. (Richard Alsop), 1843-1900."],"persname_ssim":["Anderson, Joseph R. (Joseph Reid), 1813-1892.","Armstrong, S. C. (Samuel Chapman), 1839-1893.","Barbour, John Strode, 1820-1892","Beauregard, G. T. (Gustave Toutant), 1818-1893","Belknap, William W. (William Worth), 1829-1890.","Benet, S. V. (Stephen Vincent), 1827-1895.","Bennett, James Gordon, 1841-1918","Beresford Hope, A. J. B. (Alexander James Beresford), 1820-1887.","Bigger, John Bell, 1829-1899.","Blair, Montgomery, 1813-1883","Brogden, C. H. (Curtis Hooks), 1816-1901","Cadwalader, John L. (John Lambert), 1837-1914.","Cameron, J. D. (James Donald), 1833-1918.","Corcoran, W. W. (William Wilson), 1798-1888","Carrington, W. C. (William C.)","Carroll, John Lee, 1830-1911.","Daniel, Raleigh T. (Raleigh Travers), 1805-1877.","Early, Jubal Anderson, 1816-1894","Ezekiel, Moses Jacob, 1844-1917.","Garland, A. H. (Augustus Hill), 1832-1899","Gildersleeve, Basil L. (Basil Lanneau), 1831-1924.","Grant, Ulysses S. (Ulysses Simpson), 1822-1885.","Groome, James Black, 1838-1893","Hardin, Charles H. (Charles Henry), 1820-1892","Hart, Joel T. (Joel Tanner), 1810-1877","Hendricks, Thomas A. (Thomas Andrews), 1819-1885","Ingalls, Rufus 1818-1905","Jackson, Mary Anna, 1831-1915","Jackson, Stonewall 1824-1863.","Jacob, John Jeremiah 1829-1893","Johnson, Bradley T. (Bradley Tyler), 1829-1903","Kemper, James Lawson, 1823-1895.","Lamb, William, 1835-1909.","Lee, Fitzhugh, 1835-1905.","Mahone, William, 1826-1895","Mann, A. Dudley (Ambrose Dudley), 1801-1889","Maury, Matthew Fontaine, 1806-1873","McCaw, James B. (James Brown), 1823-1906.","McCulloch, Hugh, 1808-1895","Michelbacher, M. J. (Maximilian J.), 1811?-1879","Peyton, Jesse Enlows, 1815-1897.","Phelps, John S. (John Smith), 1814-1886","Pickett, George E. (George Edward), 1825-1875.","Porter, James D. (James Davis), 1828-1912","Richardson, William H. (William Harvie), 1795-1876.","Ruffin, Frank G.","Smith, James M. (James Milton), 1823-1890","Smith, Francis H. (Francis Henney), 1812-1890","Smith, William, 1797-1887","Stribling, Francis T. (Francis Taliaferro), 1810-1874","Strother, George French, 1783-1840.","Stuart, Alexander H. H. (Alexander Hugh Holmes), 1807-1891","Stuart, Jeb, 1833-1864","Valentine, Edward Virginius, 1838-1930.","Vance, Zebulan Baird, 1830-1894.","Tilden, Samuel J. (Samuel Jones), 1814-1886.","Venable, Charles S. (Charles Scott), 1827-1900.","Vincent, Thomas M. (Thomas MacCurdy), 1832-1909.","Ward, Henry A. (Henry Augustus), 1834-1906","Yuengling, D. G. (David Gottlieb), 1806-1877","Van Lew, Elizabeth, 1818-1900","Wise, Richard A. (Richard Alsop), 1843-1900."],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T11:08:31.826Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi04801"}},{"id":"vi_vi06370","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"A Guide to the Executive Letter Books of the Virginia Office of the Governor, \n1780-1906","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi06370#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Virginia. Office of the Governor\n","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi06370#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eExecutive letter books, 1780-1906, are comprised of copies of outgoing letters of Virginia Governors. Most volumes include an index of correspondents. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi06370#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vi_vi06370","ead_ssi":"vi_vi06370","_root_":"vi_vi06370","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi06370","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi06370.xml","title_ssm":["A Guide to the Executive Letter Books of the Virginia Office of the Governor, \n1780-1906"],"title_tesim":["A Guide to the Executive Letter Books of the Virginia Office of the Governor, \n1780-1906"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["13868, 19786, 32319, 33431, 35358, 37319\n"],"text":["13868, 19786, 32319, 33431, 35358, 37319\n","A Guide to the Executive Letter Books of the Virginia Office of the Governor, \n1780-1906","There are no access restrictions.\n","Microfilm copy available (Miscellaneous Reels 2999-3015, 6191-6200)","These volumes are arranged chronologically.","During the colonial period of Virginia's history the governor, as an appointee of the Crown, was the colony's principal representative and upholder of royal authority. Although his powers were limited somewhat by the Council and by the laws passed by the House of Burgesses, the governor still had the authority to prorogue, adjourn, or dissolve the legislature, to confirm or veto its acts, to preside as the chief jurist of the colony, to command the provincial military forces, and to appoint many of the subordinate officers of government.","Most of these powers, excepting the military and appointive, were swept away by the American Revolution. The several revolutionary conventions assumed the executive role in 1774 and 1775 until the Committee of Safety was created in July 1775 to function in that capacity. The constitution adopted in 1776 made the governor subordinate to the legislative branch, elected by the General Assembly and circumscribed by a Council of State appointed by the assembly.","It was not until the constitution of 1851 was adopted that the power of the governor was strengthened appreciably. The Council of State was abolished, and the governor was popularly elected. In subsequent years his authority was consolidated and expanded to statute, and his veto power was restored. The state government reorganization act passed by the General Assembly on April 18, 1927, firmly established the governor as the chief administrative officer of a government composed of departments, the directors of which serve at the pleasure of the governor. In addition, the organization of the governor's staff has increased in size and complexity until it has become virtually a department itself: the Office of the Governor, encompassing both the chief executive and his staff.","Executive letter books, 1780-1906, are comprised of copies of outgoing letters of Virginia Governors.  Most volumes include an index of correspondents.\n","Includes letter books for 1780-1864, 1874-1881, 1890-1893, and 1902-1906, and for the following governors: Thomas Jefferson, Thomas Nelson, David Jameson, Benjamin Harrison, Edmund Randolph, Beverly Randolph, Henry Lee, James Monroe, John Page, William H. Cabell, John Tyler, George W. Smith, James Barbour, Wilson Cary Nicholas, James Pleasants, John Floyd, Littleton W. Tazewell, David Campbell, James McDowell, William Smith, Henry A. Wise and John Letcher; Francis Pierpont, James L. Kemper, Frederick Holliday, Philip McKinney, and Andrew J. Montague.","Includes letter books for the following governors: Thomas Jefferson, Thomas Nelson, David Jameson, Benjamin Harrison, Edmund Randolph, Beverly Randolph, Henry Lee, James Monroe, John Page, William H. Cabell, John Tyler, George W. Smith, James Barbour, Wilson Cary Nicholas, James Pleasants, John Floyd, Littleton W. Tazewell, David Campbell, James McDowell, William Smith, Henry A. Wise and John Letcher.","Letter book, 1780 July-Sept 13, (Thomas Jefferson) is available as a negative photostat (19786) and a typewritten transcription (13868). Original is at the British Museum.","Letter book, 1781 Aug 22 - Nov 29 (Thomas Nelson; David Jameson) also includes a handwritten transcript of the original.","Includes handwritten transcriptions of Executive letter books, 1780-1856.","Includes Governor Holliday's Executive Letter Book, 1878-1881, as well as an Executive Letter Book, 1879-1881, devoted to the Yorktown Centennial Celebration, that includes correspondence, proceedings, and resolutions.","Use microfilm (Miscellaneous Reels 2999-3015, 6191-6200).\n","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["13868, 19786, 32319, 33431, 35358, 37319\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["A Guide to the Executive Letter Books of the Virginia Office of the Governor, \n1780-1906"],"collection_title_tesim":["A Guide to the Executive Letter Books of the Virginia Office of the Governor, \n1780-1906"],"collection_ssim":["A Guide to the Executive Letter Books of the Virginia Office of the Governor, \n1780-1906"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Virginia. Office of the Governor\n"],"creator_ssim":["Virginia. Office of the Governor\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["No acquisition information available.\n"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["50 volumes; 2.1 cu. ft. (6 boxes)"],"extent_tesim":["50 volumes; 2.1 cu. ft. (6 boxes)"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions.\n"],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMicrofilm copy available (Miscellaneous Reels 2999-3015, 6191-6200)\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Alternate Form of Material"],"altformavail_tesim":["Microfilm copy available (Miscellaneous Reels 2999-3015, 6191-6200)"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThese volumes are arranged chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["These volumes are arranged chronologically."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDuring the colonial period of Virginia's history the governor, as an appointee of the Crown, was the colony's principal representative and upholder of royal authority. Although his powers were limited somewhat by the Council and by the laws passed by the House of Burgesses, the governor still had the authority to prorogue, adjourn, or dissolve the legislature, to confirm or veto its acts, to preside as the chief jurist of the colony, to command the provincial military forces, and to appoint many of the subordinate officers of government.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMost of these powers, excepting the military and appointive, were swept away by the American Revolution. The several revolutionary conventions assumed the executive role in 1774 and 1775 until the Committee of Safety was created in July 1775 to function in that capacity. The constitution adopted in 1776 made the governor subordinate to the legislative branch, elected by the General Assembly and circumscribed by a Council of State appointed by the assembly.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIt was not until the constitution of 1851 was adopted that the power of the governor was strengthened appreciably. The Council of State was abolished, and the governor was popularly elected. In subsequent years his authority was consolidated and expanded to statute, and his veto power was restored. The state government reorganization act passed by the General Assembly on April 18, 1927, firmly established the governor as the chief administrative officer of a government composed of departments, the directors of which serve at the pleasure of the governor. In addition, the organization of the governor's staff has increased in size and complexity until it has become virtually a department itself: the Office of the Governor, encompassing both the chief executive and his staff.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["During the colonial period of Virginia's history the governor, as an appointee of the Crown, was the colony's principal representative and upholder of royal authority. Although his powers were limited somewhat by the Council and by the laws passed by the House of Burgesses, the governor still had the authority to prorogue, adjourn, or dissolve the legislature, to confirm or veto its acts, to preside as the chief jurist of the colony, to command the provincial military forces, and to appoint many of the subordinate officers of government.","Most of these powers, excepting the military and appointive, were swept away by the American Revolution. The several revolutionary conventions assumed the executive role in 1774 and 1775 until the Committee of Safety was created in July 1775 to function in that capacity. The constitution adopted in 1776 made the governor subordinate to the legislative branch, elected by the General Assembly and circumscribed by a Council of State appointed by the assembly.","It was not until the constitution of 1851 was adopted that the power of the governor was strengthened appreciably. The Council of State was abolished, and the governor was popularly elected. In subsequent years his authority was consolidated and expanded to statute, and his veto power was restored. The state government reorganization act passed by the General Assembly on April 18, 1927, firmly established the governor as the chief administrative officer of a government composed of departments, the directors of which serve at the pleasure of the governor. In addition, the organization of the governor's staff has increased in size and complexity until it has become virtually a department itself: the Office of the Governor, encompassing both the chief executive and his staff."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eExecutive Letter Books of the Virginia Office of the Governor, [cite specific date, Governor and accession used]. State government records collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Executive Letter Books of the Virginia Office of the Governor, [cite specific date, Governor and accession used]. State government records collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.\n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eExecutive letter books, 1780-1906, are comprised of copies of outgoing letters of Virginia Governors.  Most volumes include an index of correspondents.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes letter books for 1780-1864, 1874-1881, 1890-1893, and 1902-1906, and for the following governors: Thomas Jefferson, Thomas Nelson, David Jameson, Benjamin Harrison, Edmund Randolph, Beverly Randolph, Henry Lee, James Monroe, John Page, William H. Cabell, John Tyler, George W. Smith, James Barbour, Wilson Cary Nicholas, James Pleasants, John Floyd, Littleton W. Tazewell, David Campbell, James McDowell, William Smith, Henry A. Wise and John Letcher; Francis Pierpont, James L. Kemper, Frederick Holliday, Philip McKinney, and Andrew J. Montague.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes letter books for the following governors: Thomas Jefferson, Thomas Nelson, David Jameson, Benjamin Harrison, Edmund Randolph, Beverly Randolph, Henry Lee, James Monroe, John Page, William H. Cabell, John Tyler, George W. Smith, James Barbour, Wilson Cary Nicholas, James Pleasants, John Floyd, Littleton W. Tazewell, David Campbell, James McDowell, William Smith, Henry A. Wise and John Letcher.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter book, 1780 July-Sept 13, (Thomas Jefferson) is available as a negative photostat (19786) and a typewritten transcription (13868). Original is at the British Museum.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter book, 1781 Aug 22 - Nov 29 (Thomas Nelson; David Jameson) also includes a handwritten transcript of the original.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes handwritten transcriptions of Executive letter books, 1780-1856.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes Governor Holliday's Executive Letter Book, 1878-1881, as well as an Executive Letter Book, 1879-1881, devoted to the Yorktown Centennial Celebration, that includes correspondence, proceedings, and resolutions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Executive letter books, 1780-1906, are comprised of copies of outgoing letters of Virginia Governors.  Most volumes include an index of correspondents.\n","Includes letter books for 1780-1864, 1874-1881, 1890-1893, and 1902-1906, and for the following governors: Thomas Jefferson, Thomas Nelson, David Jameson, Benjamin Harrison, Edmund Randolph, Beverly Randolph, Henry Lee, James Monroe, John Page, William H. Cabell, John Tyler, George W. Smith, James Barbour, Wilson Cary Nicholas, James Pleasants, John Floyd, Littleton W. Tazewell, David Campbell, James McDowell, William Smith, Henry A. Wise and John Letcher; Francis Pierpont, James L. Kemper, Frederick Holliday, Philip McKinney, and Andrew J. Montague.","Includes letter books for the following governors: Thomas Jefferson, Thomas Nelson, David Jameson, Benjamin Harrison, Edmund Randolph, Beverly Randolph, Henry Lee, James Monroe, John Page, William H. Cabell, John Tyler, George W. Smith, James Barbour, Wilson Cary Nicholas, James Pleasants, John Floyd, Littleton W. Tazewell, David Campbell, James McDowell, William Smith, Henry A. Wise and John Letcher.","Letter book, 1780 July-Sept 13, (Thomas Jefferson) is available as a negative photostat (19786) and a typewritten transcription (13868). Original is at the British Museum.","Letter book, 1781 Aug 22 - Nov 29 (Thomas Nelson; David Jameson) also includes a handwritten transcript of the original.","Includes handwritten transcriptions of Executive letter books, 1780-1856.","Includes Governor Holliday's Executive Letter Book, 1878-1881, as well as an Executive Letter Book, 1879-1881, devoted to the Yorktown Centennial Celebration, that includes correspondence, proceedings, and resolutions."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eUse microfilm (Miscellaneous Reels 2999-3015, 6191-6200).\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["Use microfilm (Miscellaneous Reels 2999-3015, 6191-6200).\n"],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":63,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T09:42:11.810Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi06370","ead_ssi":"vi_vi06370","_root_":"vi_vi06370","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi06370","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi06370.xml","title_ssm":["A Guide to the Executive Letter Books of the Virginia Office of the Governor, \n1780-1906"],"title_tesim":["A Guide to the Executive Letter Books of the Virginia Office of the Governor, \n1780-1906"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["13868, 19786, 32319, 33431, 35358, 37319\n"],"text":["13868, 19786, 32319, 33431, 35358, 37319\n","A Guide to the Executive Letter Books of the Virginia Office of the Governor, \n1780-1906","There are no access restrictions.\n","Microfilm copy available (Miscellaneous Reels 2999-3015, 6191-6200)","These volumes are arranged chronologically.","During the colonial period of Virginia's history the governor, as an appointee of the Crown, was the colony's principal representative and upholder of royal authority. Although his powers were limited somewhat by the Council and by the laws passed by the House of Burgesses, the governor still had the authority to prorogue, adjourn, or dissolve the legislature, to confirm or veto its acts, to preside as the chief jurist of the colony, to command the provincial military forces, and to appoint many of the subordinate officers of government.","Most of these powers, excepting the military and appointive, were swept away by the American Revolution. The several revolutionary conventions assumed the executive role in 1774 and 1775 until the Committee of Safety was created in July 1775 to function in that capacity. The constitution adopted in 1776 made the governor subordinate to the legislative branch, elected by the General Assembly and circumscribed by a Council of State appointed by the assembly.","It was not until the constitution of 1851 was adopted that the power of the governor was strengthened appreciably. The Council of State was abolished, and the governor was popularly elected. In subsequent years his authority was consolidated and expanded to statute, and his veto power was restored. The state government reorganization act passed by the General Assembly on April 18, 1927, firmly established the governor as the chief administrative officer of a government composed of departments, the directors of which serve at the pleasure of the governor. In addition, the organization of the governor's staff has increased in size and complexity until it has become virtually a department itself: the Office of the Governor, encompassing both the chief executive and his staff.","Executive letter books, 1780-1906, are comprised of copies of outgoing letters of Virginia Governors.  Most volumes include an index of correspondents.\n","Includes letter books for 1780-1864, 1874-1881, 1890-1893, and 1902-1906, and for the following governors: Thomas Jefferson, Thomas Nelson, David Jameson, Benjamin Harrison, Edmund Randolph, Beverly Randolph, Henry Lee, James Monroe, John Page, William H. Cabell, John Tyler, George W. Smith, James Barbour, Wilson Cary Nicholas, James Pleasants, John Floyd, Littleton W. Tazewell, David Campbell, James McDowell, William Smith, Henry A. Wise and John Letcher; Francis Pierpont, James L. Kemper, Frederick Holliday, Philip McKinney, and Andrew J. Montague.","Includes letter books for the following governors: Thomas Jefferson, Thomas Nelson, David Jameson, Benjamin Harrison, Edmund Randolph, Beverly Randolph, Henry Lee, James Monroe, John Page, William H. Cabell, John Tyler, George W. Smith, James Barbour, Wilson Cary Nicholas, James Pleasants, John Floyd, Littleton W. Tazewell, David Campbell, James McDowell, William Smith, Henry A. Wise and John Letcher.","Letter book, 1780 July-Sept 13, (Thomas Jefferson) is available as a negative photostat (19786) and a typewritten transcription (13868). Original is at the British Museum.","Letter book, 1781 Aug 22 - Nov 29 (Thomas Nelson; David Jameson) also includes a handwritten transcript of the original.","Includes handwritten transcriptions of Executive letter books, 1780-1856.","Includes Governor Holliday's Executive Letter Book, 1878-1881, as well as an Executive Letter Book, 1879-1881, devoted to the Yorktown Centennial Celebration, that includes correspondence, proceedings, and resolutions.","Use microfilm (Miscellaneous Reels 2999-3015, 6191-6200).\n","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["13868, 19786, 32319, 33431, 35358, 37319\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["A Guide to the Executive Letter Books of the Virginia Office of the Governor, \n1780-1906"],"collection_title_tesim":["A Guide to the Executive Letter Books of the Virginia Office of the Governor, \n1780-1906"],"collection_ssim":["A Guide to the Executive Letter Books of the Virginia Office of the Governor, \n1780-1906"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Virginia. Office of the Governor\n"],"creator_ssim":["Virginia. Office of the Governor\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["No acquisition information available.\n"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["50 volumes; 2.1 cu. ft. (6 boxes)"],"extent_tesim":["50 volumes; 2.1 cu. ft. (6 boxes)"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions.\n"],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMicrofilm copy available (Miscellaneous Reels 2999-3015, 6191-6200)\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Alternate Form of Material"],"altformavail_tesim":["Microfilm copy available (Miscellaneous Reels 2999-3015, 6191-6200)"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThese volumes are arranged chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["These volumes are arranged chronologically."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDuring the colonial period of Virginia's history the governor, as an appointee of the Crown, was the colony's principal representative and upholder of royal authority. Although his powers were limited somewhat by the Council and by the laws passed by the House of Burgesses, the governor still had the authority to prorogue, adjourn, or dissolve the legislature, to confirm or veto its acts, to preside as the chief jurist of the colony, to command the provincial military forces, and to appoint many of the subordinate officers of government.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMost of these powers, excepting the military and appointive, were swept away by the American Revolution. The several revolutionary conventions assumed the executive role in 1774 and 1775 until the Committee of Safety was created in July 1775 to function in that capacity. The constitution adopted in 1776 made the governor subordinate to the legislative branch, elected by the General Assembly and circumscribed by a Council of State appointed by the assembly.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIt was not until the constitution of 1851 was adopted that the power of the governor was strengthened appreciably. The Council of State was abolished, and the governor was popularly elected. In subsequent years his authority was consolidated and expanded to statute, and his veto power was restored. The state government reorganization act passed by the General Assembly on April 18, 1927, firmly established the governor as the chief administrative officer of a government composed of departments, the directors of which serve at the pleasure of the governor. In addition, the organization of the governor's staff has increased in size and complexity until it has become virtually a department itself: the Office of the Governor, encompassing both the chief executive and his staff.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["During the colonial period of Virginia's history the governor, as an appointee of the Crown, was the colony's principal representative and upholder of royal authority. Although his powers were limited somewhat by the Council and by the laws passed by the House of Burgesses, the governor still had the authority to prorogue, adjourn, or dissolve the legislature, to confirm or veto its acts, to preside as the chief jurist of the colony, to command the provincial military forces, and to appoint many of the subordinate officers of government.","Most of these powers, excepting the military and appointive, were swept away by the American Revolution. The several revolutionary conventions assumed the executive role in 1774 and 1775 until the Committee of Safety was created in July 1775 to function in that capacity. The constitution adopted in 1776 made the governor subordinate to the legislative branch, elected by the General Assembly and circumscribed by a Council of State appointed by the assembly.","It was not until the constitution of 1851 was adopted that the power of the governor was strengthened appreciably. The Council of State was abolished, and the governor was popularly elected. In subsequent years his authority was consolidated and expanded to statute, and his veto power was restored. The state government reorganization act passed by the General Assembly on April 18, 1927, firmly established the governor as the chief administrative officer of a government composed of departments, the directors of which serve at the pleasure of the governor. In addition, the organization of the governor's staff has increased in size and complexity until it has become virtually a department itself: the Office of the Governor, encompassing both the chief executive and his staff."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eExecutive Letter Books of the Virginia Office of the Governor, [cite specific date, Governor and accession used]. State government records collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Executive Letter Books of the Virginia Office of the Governor, [cite specific date, Governor and accession used]. State government records collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.\n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eExecutive letter books, 1780-1906, are comprised of copies of outgoing letters of Virginia Governors.  Most volumes include an index of correspondents.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes letter books for 1780-1864, 1874-1881, 1890-1893, and 1902-1906, and for the following governors: Thomas Jefferson, Thomas Nelson, David Jameson, Benjamin Harrison, Edmund Randolph, Beverly Randolph, Henry Lee, James Monroe, John Page, William H. Cabell, John Tyler, George W. Smith, James Barbour, Wilson Cary Nicholas, James Pleasants, John Floyd, Littleton W. Tazewell, David Campbell, James McDowell, William Smith, Henry A. Wise and John Letcher; Francis Pierpont, James L. Kemper, Frederick Holliday, Philip McKinney, and Andrew J. Montague.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes letter books for the following governors: Thomas Jefferson, Thomas Nelson, David Jameson, Benjamin Harrison, Edmund Randolph, Beverly Randolph, Henry Lee, James Monroe, John Page, William H. Cabell, John Tyler, George W. Smith, James Barbour, Wilson Cary Nicholas, James Pleasants, John Floyd, Littleton W. Tazewell, David Campbell, James McDowell, William Smith, Henry A. Wise and John Letcher.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter book, 1780 July-Sept 13, (Thomas Jefferson) is available as a negative photostat (19786) and a typewritten transcription (13868). Original is at the British Museum.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter book, 1781 Aug 22 - Nov 29 (Thomas Nelson; David Jameson) also includes a handwritten transcript of the original.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes handwritten transcriptions of Executive letter books, 1780-1856.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes Governor Holliday's Executive Letter Book, 1878-1881, as well as an Executive Letter Book, 1879-1881, devoted to the Yorktown Centennial Celebration, that includes correspondence, proceedings, and resolutions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Executive letter books, 1780-1906, are comprised of copies of outgoing letters of Virginia Governors.  Most volumes include an index of correspondents.\n","Includes letter books for 1780-1864, 1874-1881, 1890-1893, and 1902-1906, and for the following governors: Thomas Jefferson, Thomas Nelson, David Jameson, Benjamin Harrison, Edmund Randolph, Beverly Randolph, Henry Lee, James Monroe, John Page, William H. Cabell, John Tyler, George W. Smith, James Barbour, Wilson Cary Nicholas, James Pleasants, John Floyd, Littleton W. Tazewell, David Campbell, James McDowell, William Smith, Henry A. Wise and John Letcher; Francis Pierpont, James L. Kemper, Frederick Holliday, Philip McKinney, and Andrew J. Montague.","Includes letter books for the following governors: Thomas Jefferson, Thomas Nelson, David Jameson, Benjamin Harrison, Edmund Randolph, Beverly Randolph, Henry Lee, James Monroe, John Page, William H. Cabell, John Tyler, George W. Smith, James Barbour, Wilson Cary Nicholas, James Pleasants, John Floyd, Littleton W. Tazewell, David Campbell, James McDowell, William Smith, Henry A. Wise and John Letcher.","Letter book, 1780 July-Sept 13, (Thomas Jefferson) is available as a negative photostat (19786) and a typewritten transcription (13868). Original is at the British Museum.","Letter book, 1781 Aug 22 - Nov 29 (Thomas Nelson; David Jameson) also includes a handwritten transcript of the original.","Includes handwritten transcriptions of Executive letter books, 1780-1856.","Includes Governor Holliday's Executive Letter Book, 1878-1881, as well as an Executive Letter Book, 1879-1881, devoted to the Yorktown Centennial Celebration, that includes correspondence, proceedings, and resolutions."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eUse microfilm (Miscellaneous Reels 2999-3015, 6191-6200).\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["Use microfilm (Miscellaneous Reels 2999-3015, 6191-6200).\n"],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":63,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T09:42:11.810Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi06370"}},{"id":"vi_vi04680","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"A Guide to the Executive Papers of Governor E. Lee Trinkle, \n1919-1929 [bulk 1922-1926]","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi04680#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Trinkle, E. Lee, Records of Virginia Governor\n","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi04680#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eGovernor E. Lee Trinkle Executive Papers, 1919-1929 (bulk 1922-1926), are organized into two series. Series have been designated for I. Subject Files; and II. Extraditions, Pardons, and Prison Affairs. These papers mainly consist of incoming and outgoing correspondence during E. Lee Trinkle's four-year term as governor between 1 February 1922 and 1 February 1926. The largest and most significant series is the Subject Files Series. This series provides an in-depth look into the major concerns confronting Trinkle as governor. The Extraditions, Pardons, and Prison Affairs Series includes applications, correspondence, extraditions, pardons and requisitions. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi04680#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vi_vi04680","ead_ssi":"vi_vi04680","_root_":"vi_vi04680","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi04680","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi04680.xml","title_ssm":["A Guide to the Executive Papers of Governor E. Lee Trinkle, \n1919-1929 [bulk 1922-1926]"],"title_tesim":["A Guide to the Executive Papers of Governor E. Lee Trinkle, \n1919-1929 [bulk 1922-1926]"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["21567b\n"],"text":["21567b\n","A Guide to the Executive Papers of Governor E. Lee Trinkle, \n1919-1929 [bulk 1922-1926]","There are no restrictions.\n","This collection is arranged into the following series:","Series I. Subject Files, 1919-1929 [bulk 1922-1926] Series II. Extraditions, Pardons, and Prison Affairs, 1922-1926","Arranged alphabetically by folder title.\n","Arranged into three subseries : Subseries A: Extraditions, Subseries B: Pardons, and Subseries C: Prison Affairs. \n","Governor Elbert Lee Trinkle was born in Wytheville, Virginia, in 1876. Trinkle attended Hampden-Sydney College and studied law at the University of Virginia. He returned to Wytheville in 1898 to practice law. He entered politics as Wythe County Democratic Chairman and was elected to the Virginia State Senate in 1915. Trinkle ran for governor in 1921 and easily defeated former congressman St. George Tucker in the Democratic primary and Republican Henry Watkins Anderson in the general election. He served as governor of Virginia from 1922 until 1926. After his governorship, Trinkle accepted a position as Vice-President of the Shenandoah Life Insurance of Roanoke. In 1930 Governor John Pollard appointed Trinkle chairman of the State Board of Education, a post he held until his death from a heart attack on 25 November 1939.\n","Governor E. Lee Trinkle Executive Papers, 1919-1929 (bulk 1922-1926), are organized into two series. Series have been designated for I. Subject Files; and II. Extraditions, Pardons, and Prison Affairs. These papers mainly consist of incoming and outgoing correspondence during E. Lee Trinkle's four-year term as governor between 1 February 1922 and 1 February 1926. The largest and most significant series is the Subject Files Series. This series provides an in-depth look into the major concerns confronting Trinkle as governor. The Extraditions, Pardons, and Prison Affairs Series includes applications, correspondence, extraditions, pardons and requisitions.\n","\nThe Subject files series, 1919-1929 (bulk 1922-1926) is housed in seventy-eight archival boxes and is arranged alphabetically by subject. This series documents correspondence received and sent by Governor Trinkle during his four-year term as governor of Virginia. In addition to correspondence, there are reports, proclamations, telegrams, orders, resolutions, acts, publications, news clippings, invitations, proceedings, financial statements, invoices, and other sundry items. Topics include Agriculture, Atlantic Deeper Waterways Association, Budget appropriations, State Board of Censors, Coal conferences and contracts, Confederate reunions, Deaf and Blind school in Staunton, Education, Gasoline tax, General Assembly sessions, Highways, State Hospitals, Illiteracy Conferences, Judgeships, Monticello Association, Mount Vernon Board of Visitors, National Guard, National Prison Conference, expansion of the Virginia State Office Building, Penitentiary, Southern Exposition, State Board of Education, State Corporation Commission, Virginia Industrial schools, Virginia Military Institute, War Memorial Commission, and Yorktown General Committee, among others. ","Included are lists of censored film as well as censorship rules and regulations; coal and railroad strikes; information on the trial of Robert and Larkin Garrett charged with murdering Baptist preacher E.S. Pierce; redecorating of the Governor's Mansion; racial issues at Hampton Institute; request to President Harding for Virginia Highway Department to purchase the U.S. South Richmond Air Depot; and correspondence from Penitentiary inmates including a copy of \"The Beacon,\" an inmate newspaper, and a Special Furniture Bulletin displaying furniture made by inmates. Also included are various proclamations made by the Governor for Armistice day, Mothers day, Thanksgiving, American Education Week, Fire Prevention Week, and Arbor Day, among others. Included are programs from various events the Governor attended; staff appointments and applications for jobs at the Governor's office; and numerous invitations to events. ","Included is information on the carving at Stone Mountain, Georgia, including suggestions as to what Confederate generals to put on the monument, brochures, fund raising, Gutzon Borglum's removal, and Trinkle's address at the memorial. Included are State Institutions Special Reports, which contain a variety of information, from the number of veterans at the R.E. Lee Camp Soldiers Home, to the number of students at the Virginia Industrial School for Colored Girls, and information on fisheries and the oyster beds in Virginia. The Rewards folders includes information regarding threats by the KKK and a kidnapping case. Also included are appointments to various boards such as the Censorship Board, State Board of Dairy and Food Commissioners, Commissioner of Fisheries, Forest warden, Highway Commissioners, Industrial Commission, Judges, Labor Commissioner, National Rivers and Harbor Congress, Notaries Public, State Board of Optometry, State Geologist, Superintendents of Public Schools, State Veterinarian, Virginia War History Commission, and West Point appointments.","Of note, are the papers relating to Highways and the United States Good Road Association. Trinkle wanted to reorganize and fund the state highway system through issuing bonds. Trinkle's bond plan was obstructed by Harry Byrd and other Democratic leaders who preferred raising taxes on gasoline to fund the project. A special session of the General Assembly was called in February 1923 and the competing plans were debated, with the gas tax plan winning out in the end and effectively ended Trinkle's political career.","This series was maintained in its original order and is not completely chronological. At some point the pins holding together the incoming and outgoing letters were removed and the archivist did not rearrange the folder items for fear of loosing the relationships between the incoming and outgoing letters.","","The Extraditions, Pardons, and Prison Affairs series, 1922-1926, is housed in twenty-three archival boxes and is arranged into three subseries. Subseries have been designated for: A. Extraditions, B. Pardons, and C. Prison Affairs.","Included are arrest warrants, correspondence, court orders, extradition requisitions, pardon applications, petitions, prison records, telegrams, and newspaper clippings. Subseries A: Extraditions, is arranged alphabetically by last name and includes correspondence, telegrams, and extradition requisitions to and from Virginia. Subseries B: Pardons is arranged alphabetically by last name and includes letters from family members asking for pardons of relatives; letters from prisoners asking for pardons; letters from politicians on behalf of prisoners; and petitions asking for pardons of prisoners. The records include the name of prisoner, date committed, age, occupation, court, crime, and term information. Unlike his predecessor, Governor Westmoreland Davis, Governor Trinkle was a firm believer in Prohibition, campaigned promising to uphold prohibition laws, and consistently denied pardons for any alcohol related crimes. Also included are requests for the removal of political disabilities, requests to have driving rights restored, and regain forfeited automobiles.","Subseries C: Prison Affairs includes correspondence from citizens asking the Governor to waive local fines imposed and from prisoners regarding their cases. Also included is correspondence relating to the State Board of Charities, Corrections, and Probations, and the State Board of Public Welfare, both mostly relating to the welfare of children and children that were placed in Industrial Schools and reform schools. ","These two boxes include materials separated from Series I and II due to their size. Removal notices were placed in the folders from which the items were originally located and should lead researchers to the correct oversize folder and box locations.","There are no restrictions.\n","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["21567b\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["A Guide to the Executive Papers of Governor E. Lee Trinkle, \n1919-1929 [bulk 1922-1926]"],"collection_title_tesim":["A Guide to the Executive Papers of Governor E. Lee Trinkle, \n1919-1929 [bulk 1922-1926]"],"collection_ssim":["A Guide to the Executive Papers of Governor E. Lee Trinkle, \n1919-1929 [bulk 1922-1926]"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Trinkle, E. Lee, Records of Virginia Governor\n"],"creator_ssim":["Trinkle, E. Lee, Records of Virginia Governor\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Transferred from the Office of the Secretary of the Commonwealth, 18 May 1939."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["38.65 cu. ft. (103 boxes)"],"extent_tesim":["38.65 cu. ft. (103 boxes)"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged into the following series:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003clist type=\"simple\"\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries I. Subject Files, 1919-1929 [bulk 1922-1926]\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries II. Extraditions, Pardons, and Prison Affairs, 1922-1926\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003c/list\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged alphabetically by folder title.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged into three subseries : Subseries A: Extraditions, Subseries B: Pardons, and Subseries C: Prison Affairs. \n\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged into the following series:","Series I. Subject Files, 1919-1929 [bulk 1922-1926] Series II. Extraditions, Pardons, and Prison Affairs, 1922-1926","Arranged alphabetically by folder title.\n","Arranged into three subseries : Subseries A: Extraditions, Subseries B: Pardons, and Subseries C: Prison Affairs. \n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGovernor Elbert Lee Trinkle was born in Wytheville, Virginia, in 1876. Trinkle attended Hampden-Sydney College and studied law at the University of Virginia. He returned to Wytheville in 1898 to practice law. He entered politics as Wythe County Democratic Chairman and was elected to the Virginia State Senate in 1915. Trinkle ran for governor in 1921 and easily defeated former congressman St. George Tucker in the Democratic primary and Republican Henry Watkins Anderson in the general election. He served as governor of Virginia from 1922 until 1926. After his governorship, Trinkle accepted a position as Vice-President of the Shenandoah Life Insurance of Roanoke. In 1930 Governor John Pollard appointed Trinkle chairman of the State Board of Education, a post he held until his death from a heart attack on 25 November 1939.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Governor Elbert Lee Trinkle was born in Wytheville, Virginia, in 1876. Trinkle attended Hampden-Sydney College and studied law at the University of Virginia. He returned to Wytheville in 1898 to practice law. He entered politics as Wythe County Democratic Chairman and was elected to the Virginia State Senate in 1915. Trinkle ran for governor in 1921 and easily defeated former congressman St. George Tucker in the Democratic primary and Republican Henry Watkins Anderson in the general election. He served as governor of Virginia from 1922 until 1926. After his governorship, Trinkle accepted a position as Vice-President of the Shenandoah Life Insurance of Roanoke. In 1930 Governor John Pollard appointed Trinkle chairman of the State Board of Education, a post he held until his death from a heart attack on 25 November 1939.\n"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eVirginia. Governor (1922-1926 : Trinkle). Executive Papers of Governor E. Lee Trinkle, 1919-1929 [bulk 1922-1926]. Accession 21567b, State government records collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Virginia. Governor (1922-1926 : Trinkle). Executive Papers of Governor E. Lee Trinkle, 1919-1929 [bulk 1922-1926]. Accession 21567b, State government records collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.\n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGovernor E. Lee Trinkle Executive Papers, 1919-1929 (bulk 1922-1926), are organized into two series. Series have been designated for I. Subject Files; and II. Extraditions, Pardons, and Prison Affairs. These papers mainly consist of incoming and outgoing correspondence during E. Lee Trinkle's four-year term as governor between 1 February 1922 and 1 February 1926. The largest and most significant series is the Subject Files Series. This series provides an in-depth look into the major concerns confronting Trinkle as governor. The Extraditions, Pardons, and Prison Affairs Series includes applications, correspondence, extraditions, pardons and requisitions.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThe Subject files series, 1919-1929 (bulk 1922-1926) is housed in seventy-eight archival boxes and is arranged alphabetically by subject. This series documents correspondence received and sent by Governor Trinkle during his four-year term as governor of Virginia. In addition to correspondence, there are reports, proclamations, telegrams, orders, resolutions, acts, publications, news clippings, invitations, proceedings, financial statements, invoices, and other sundry items. Topics include Agriculture, Atlantic Deeper Waterways Association, Budget appropriations, State Board of Censors, Coal conferences and contracts, Confederate reunions, Deaf and Blind school in Staunton, Education, Gasoline tax, General Assembly sessions, Highways, State Hospitals, Illiteracy Conferences, Judgeships, Monticello Association, Mount Vernon Board of Visitors, National Guard, National Prison Conference, expansion of the Virginia State Office Building, Penitentiary, Southern Exposition, State Board of Education, State Corporation Commission, Virginia Industrial schools, Virginia Military Institute, War Memorial Commission, and Yorktown General Committee, among others. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluded are lists of censored film as well as censorship rules and regulations; coal and railroad strikes; information on the trial of Robert and Larkin Garrett charged with murdering Baptist preacher E.S. Pierce; redecorating of the Governor's Mansion; racial issues at Hampton Institute; request to President Harding for Virginia Highway Department to purchase the U.S. South Richmond Air Depot; and correspondence from Penitentiary inmates including a copy of \"The Beacon,\" an inmate newspaper, and a Special Furniture Bulletin displaying furniture made by inmates. Also included are various proclamations made by the Governor for Armistice day, Mothers day, Thanksgiving, American Education Week, Fire Prevention Week, and Arbor Day, among others. Included are programs from various events the Governor attended; staff appointments and applications for jobs at the Governor's office; and numerous invitations to events. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluded is information on the carving at Stone Mountain, Georgia, including suggestions as to what Confederate generals to put on the monument, brochures, fund raising, Gutzon Borglum's removal, and Trinkle's address at the memorial. Included are State Institutions Special Reports, which contain a variety of information, from the number of veterans at the R.E. Lee Camp Soldiers Home, to the number of students at the Virginia Industrial School for Colored Girls, and information on fisheries and the oyster beds in Virginia. The Rewards folders includes information regarding threats by the KKK and a kidnapping case. Also included are appointments to various boards such as the Censorship Board, State Board of Dairy and Food Commissioners, Commissioner of Fisheries, Forest warden, Highway Commissioners, Industrial Commission, Judges, Labor Commissioner, National Rivers and Harbor Congress, Notaries Public, State Board of Optometry, State Geologist, Superintendents of Public Schools, State Veterinarian, Virginia War History Commission, and West Point appointments.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOf note, are the papers relating to Highways and the United States Good Road Association. Trinkle wanted to reorganize and fund the state highway system through issuing bonds. Trinkle's bond plan was obstructed by Harry Byrd and other Democratic leaders who preferred raising taxes on gasoline to fund the project. A special session of the General Assembly was called in February 1923 and the competing plans were debated, with the gas tax plan winning out in the end and effectively ended Trinkle's political career.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series was maintained in its original order and is not completely chronological. At some point the pins holding together the incoming and outgoing letters were removed and the archivist did not rearrange the folder items for fear of loosing the relationships between the incoming and outgoing letters.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Extraditions, Pardons, and Prison Affairs series, 1922-1926, is housed in twenty-three archival boxes and is arranged into three subseries. Subseries have been designated for: A. Extraditions, B. Pardons, and C. Prison Affairs.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluded are arrest warrants, correspondence, court orders, extradition requisitions, pardon applications, petitions, prison records, telegrams, and newspaper clippings. Subseries A: Extraditions, is arranged alphabetically by last name and includes correspondence, telegrams, and extradition requisitions to and from Virginia. Subseries B: Pardons is arranged alphabetically by last name and includes letters from family members asking for pardons of relatives; letters from prisoners asking for pardons; letters from politicians on behalf of prisoners; and petitions asking for pardons of prisoners. The records include the name of prisoner, date committed, age, occupation, court, crime, and term information. Unlike his predecessor, Governor Westmoreland Davis, Governor Trinkle was a firm believer in Prohibition, campaigned promising to uphold prohibition laws, and consistently denied pardons for any alcohol related crimes. Also included are requests for the removal of political disabilities, requests to have driving rights restored, and regain forfeited automobiles.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries C: Prison Affairs includes correspondence from citizens asking the Governor to waive local fines imposed and from prisoners regarding their cases. Also included is correspondence relating to the State Board of Charities, Corrections, and Probations, and the State Board of Public Welfare, both mostly relating to the welfare of children and children that were placed in Industrial Schools and reform schools. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThese two boxes include materials separated from Series I and II due to their size. Removal notices were placed in the folders from which the items were originally located and should lead researchers to the correct oversize folder and box locations.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Governor E. Lee Trinkle Executive Papers, 1919-1929 (bulk 1922-1926), are organized into two series. Series have been designated for I. Subject Files; and II. Extraditions, Pardons, and Prison Affairs. These papers mainly consist of incoming and outgoing correspondence during E. Lee Trinkle's four-year term as governor between 1 February 1922 and 1 February 1926. The largest and most significant series is the Subject Files Series. This series provides an in-depth look into the major concerns confronting Trinkle as governor. The Extraditions, Pardons, and Prison Affairs Series includes applications, correspondence, extraditions, pardons and requisitions.\n","\nThe Subject files series, 1919-1929 (bulk 1922-1926) is housed in seventy-eight archival boxes and is arranged alphabetically by subject. This series documents correspondence received and sent by Governor Trinkle during his four-year term as governor of Virginia. In addition to correspondence, there are reports, proclamations, telegrams, orders, resolutions, acts, publications, news clippings, invitations, proceedings, financial statements, invoices, and other sundry items. Topics include Agriculture, Atlantic Deeper Waterways Association, Budget appropriations, State Board of Censors, Coal conferences and contracts, Confederate reunions, Deaf and Blind school in Staunton, Education, Gasoline tax, General Assembly sessions, Highways, State Hospitals, Illiteracy Conferences, Judgeships, Monticello Association, Mount Vernon Board of Visitors, National Guard, National Prison Conference, expansion of the Virginia State Office Building, Penitentiary, Southern Exposition, State Board of Education, State Corporation Commission, Virginia Industrial schools, Virginia Military Institute, War Memorial Commission, and Yorktown General Committee, among others. ","Included are lists of censored film as well as censorship rules and regulations; coal and railroad strikes; information on the trial of Robert and Larkin Garrett charged with murdering Baptist preacher E.S. Pierce; redecorating of the Governor's Mansion; racial issues at Hampton Institute; request to President Harding for Virginia Highway Department to purchase the U.S. South Richmond Air Depot; and correspondence from Penitentiary inmates including a copy of \"The Beacon,\" an inmate newspaper, and a Special Furniture Bulletin displaying furniture made by inmates. Also included are various proclamations made by the Governor for Armistice day, Mothers day, Thanksgiving, American Education Week, Fire Prevention Week, and Arbor Day, among others. Included are programs from various events the Governor attended; staff appointments and applications for jobs at the Governor's office; and numerous invitations to events. ","Included is information on the carving at Stone Mountain, Georgia, including suggestions as to what Confederate generals to put on the monument, brochures, fund raising, Gutzon Borglum's removal, and Trinkle's address at the memorial. Included are State Institutions Special Reports, which contain a variety of information, from the number of veterans at the R.E. Lee Camp Soldiers Home, to the number of students at the Virginia Industrial School for Colored Girls, and information on fisheries and the oyster beds in Virginia. The Rewards folders includes information regarding threats by the KKK and a kidnapping case. Also included are appointments to various boards such as the Censorship Board, State Board of Dairy and Food Commissioners, Commissioner of Fisheries, Forest warden, Highway Commissioners, Industrial Commission, Judges, Labor Commissioner, National Rivers and Harbor Congress, Notaries Public, State Board of Optometry, State Geologist, Superintendents of Public Schools, State Veterinarian, Virginia War History Commission, and West Point appointments.","Of note, are the papers relating to Highways and the United States Good Road Association. Trinkle wanted to reorganize and fund the state highway system through issuing bonds. Trinkle's bond plan was obstructed by Harry Byrd and other Democratic leaders who preferred raising taxes on gasoline to fund the project. A special session of the General Assembly was called in February 1923 and the competing plans were debated, with the gas tax plan winning out in the end and effectively ended Trinkle's political career.","This series was maintained in its original order and is not completely chronological. At some point the pins holding together the incoming and outgoing letters were removed and the archivist did not rearrange the folder items for fear of loosing the relationships between the incoming and outgoing letters.","","The Extraditions, Pardons, and Prison Affairs series, 1922-1926, is housed in twenty-three archival boxes and is arranged into three subseries. Subseries have been designated for: A. Extraditions, B. Pardons, and C. Prison Affairs.","Included are arrest warrants, correspondence, court orders, extradition requisitions, pardon applications, petitions, prison records, telegrams, and newspaper clippings. Subseries A: Extraditions, is arranged alphabetically by last name and includes correspondence, telegrams, and extradition requisitions to and from Virginia. Subseries B: Pardons is arranged alphabetically by last name and includes letters from family members asking for pardons of relatives; letters from prisoners asking for pardons; letters from politicians on behalf of prisoners; and petitions asking for pardons of prisoners. The records include the name of prisoner, date committed, age, occupation, court, crime, and term information. Unlike his predecessor, Governor Westmoreland Davis, Governor Trinkle was a firm believer in Prohibition, campaigned promising to uphold prohibition laws, and consistently denied pardons for any alcohol related crimes. Also included are requests for the removal of political disabilities, requests to have driving rights restored, and regain forfeited automobiles.","Subseries C: Prison Affairs includes correspondence from citizens asking the Governor to waive local fines imposed and from prisoners regarding their cases. Also included is correspondence relating to the State Board of Charities, Corrections, and Probations, and the State Board of Public Welfare, both mostly relating to the welfare of children and children that were placed in Industrial Schools and reform schools. ","These two boxes include materials separated from Series I and II due to their size. Removal notices were placed in the folders from which the items were originally located and should lead researchers to the correct oversize folder and box locations."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":917,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T08:43:35.841Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi04680","ead_ssi":"vi_vi04680","_root_":"vi_vi04680","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi04680","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi04680.xml","title_ssm":["A Guide to the Executive Papers of Governor E. Lee Trinkle, \n1919-1929 [bulk 1922-1926]"],"title_tesim":["A Guide to the Executive Papers of Governor E. Lee Trinkle, \n1919-1929 [bulk 1922-1926]"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["21567b\n"],"text":["21567b\n","A Guide to the Executive Papers of Governor E. Lee Trinkle, \n1919-1929 [bulk 1922-1926]","There are no restrictions.\n","This collection is arranged into the following series:","Series I. Subject Files, 1919-1929 [bulk 1922-1926] Series II. Extraditions, Pardons, and Prison Affairs, 1922-1926","Arranged alphabetically by folder title.\n","Arranged into three subseries : Subseries A: Extraditions, Subseries B: Pardons, and Subseries C: Prison Affairs. \n","Governor Elbert Lee Trinkle was born in Wytheville, Virginia, in 1876. Trinkle attended Hampden-Sydney College and studied law at the University of Virginia. He returned to Wytheville in 1898 to practice law. He entered politics as Wythe County Democratic Chairman and was elected to the Virginia State Senate in 1915. Trinkle ran for governor in 1921 and easily defeated former congressman St. George Tucker in the Democratic primary and Republican Henry Watkins Anderson in the general election. He served as governor of Virginia from 1922 until 1926. After his governorship, Trinkle accepted a position as Vice-President of the Shenandoah Life Insurance of Roanoke. In 1930 Governor John Pollard appointed Trinkle chairman of the State Board of Education, a post he held until his death from a heart attack on 25 November 1939.\n","Governor E. Lee Trinkle Executive Papers, 1919-1929 (bulk 1922-1926), are organized into two series. Series have been designated for I. Subject Files; and II. Extraditions, Pardons, and Prison Affairs. These papers mainly consist of incoming and outgoing correspondence during E. Lee Trinkle's four-year term as governor between 1 February 1922 and 1 February 1926. The largest and most significant series is the Subject Files Series. This series provides an in-depth look into the major concerns confronting Trinkle as governor. The Extraditions, Pardons, and Prison Affairs Series includes applications, correspondence, extraditions, pardons and requisitions.\n","\nThe Subject files series, 1919-1929 (bulk 1922-1926) is housed in seventy-eight archival boxes and is arranged alphabetically by subject. This series documents correspondence received and sent by Governor Trinkle during his four-year term as governor of Virginia. In addition to correspondence, there are reports, proclamations, telegrams, orders, resolutions, acts, publications, news clippings, invitations, proceedings, financial statements, invoices, and other sundry items. Topics include Agriculture, Atlantic Deeper Waterways Association, Budget appropriations, State Board of Censors, Coal conferences and contracts, Confederate reunions, Deaf and Blind school in Staunton, Education, Gasoline tax, General Assembly sessions, Highways, State Hospitals, Illiteracy Conferences, Judgeships, Monticello Association, Mount Vernon Board of Visitors, National Guard, National Prison Conference, expansion of the Virginia State Office Building, Penitentiary, Southern Exposition, State Board of Education, State Corporation Commission, Virginia Industrial schools, Virginia Military Institute, War Memorial Commission, and Yorktown General Committee, among others. ","Included are lists of censored film as well as censorship rules and regulations; coal and railroad strikes; information on the trial of Robert and Larkin Garrett charged with murdering Baptist preacher E.S. Pierce; redecorating of the Governor's Mansion; racial issues at Hampton Institute; request to President Harding for Virginia Highway Department to purchase the U.S. South Richmond Air Depot; and correspondence from Penitentiary inmates including a copy of \"The Beacon,\" an inmate newspaper, and a Special Furniture Bulletin displaying furniture made by inmates. Also included are various proclamations made by the Governor for Armistice day, Mothers day, Thanksgiving, American Education Week, Fire Prevention Week, and Arbor Day, among others. Included are programs from various events the Governor attended; staff appointments and applications for jobs at the Governor's office; and numerous invitations to events. ","Included is information on the carving at Stone Mountain, Georgia, including suggestions as to what Confederate generals to put on the monument, brochures, fund raising, Gutzon Borglum's removal, and Trinkle's address at the memorial. Included are State Institutions Special Reports, which contain a variety of information, from the number of veterans at the R.E. Lee Camp Soldiers Home, to the number of students at the Virginia Industrial School for Colored Girls, and information on fisheries and the oyster beds in Virginia. The Rewards folders includes information regarding threats by the KKK and a kidnapping case. Also included are appointments to various boards such as the Censorship Board, State Board of Dairy and Food Commissioners, Commissioner of Fisheries, Forest warden, Highway Commissioners, Industrial Commission, Judges, Labor Commissioner, National Rivers and Harbor Congress, Notaries Public, State Board of Optometry, State Geologist, Superintendents of Public Schools, State Veterinarian, Virginia War History Commission, and West Point appointments.","Of note, are the papers relating to Highways and the United States Good Road Association. Trinkle wanted to reorganize and fund the state highway system through issuing bonds. Trinkle's bond plan was obstructed by Harry Byrd and other Democratic leaders who preferred raising taxes on gasoline to fund the project. A special session of the General Assembly was called in February 1923 and the competing plans were debated, with the gas tax plan winning out in the end and effectively ended Trinkle's political career.","This series was maintained in its original order and is not completely chronological. At some point the pins holding together the incoming and outgoing letters were removed and the archivist did not rearrange the folder items for fear of loosing the relationships between the incoming and outgoing letters.","","The Extraditions, Pardons, and Prison Affairs series, 1922-1926, is housed in twenty-three archival boxes and is arranged into three subseries. Subseries have been designated for: A. Extraditions, B. Pardons, and C. Prison Affairs.","Included are arrest warrants, correspondence, court orders, extradition requisitions, pardon applications, petitions, prison records, telegrams, and newspaper clippings. Subseries A: Extraditions, is arranged alphabetically by last name and includes correspondence, telegrams, and extradition requisitions to and from Virginia. Subseries B: Pardons is arranged alphabetically by last name and includes letters from family members asking for pardons of relatives; letters from prisoners asking for pardons; letters from politicians on behalf of prisoners; and petitions asking for pardons of prisoners. The records include the name of prisoner, date committed, age, occupation, court, crime, and term information. Unlike his predecessor, Governor Westmoreland Davis, Governor Trinkle was a firm believer in Prohibition, campaigned promising to uphold prohibition laws, and consistently denied pardons for any alcohol related crimes. Also included are requests for the removal of political disabilities, requests to have driving rights restored, and regain forfeited automobiles.","Subseries C: Prison Affairs includes correspondence from citizens asking the Governor to waive local fines imposed and from prisoners regarding their cases. Also included is correspondence relating to the State Board of Charities, Corrections, and Probations, and the State Board of Public Welfare, both mostly relating to the welfare of children and children that were placed in Industrial Schools and reform schools. ","These two boxes include materials separated from Series I and II due to their size. Removal notices were placed in the folders from which the items were originally located and should lead researchers to the correct oversize folder and box locations.","There are no restrictions.\n","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["21567b\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["A Guide to the Executive Papers of Governor E. Lee Trinkle, \n1919-1929 [bulk 1922-1926]"],"collection_title_tesim":["A Guide to the Executive Papers of Governor E. Lee Trinkle, \n1919-1929 [bulk 1922-1926]"],"collection_ssim":["A Guide to the Executive Papers of Governor E. Lee Trinkle, \n1919-1929 [bulk 1922-1926]"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Trinkle, E. Lee, Records of Virginia Governor\n"],"creator_ssim":["Trinkle, E. Lee, Records of Virginia Governor\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Transferred from the Office of the Secretary of the Commonwealth, 18 May 1939."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["38.65 cu. ft. (103 boxes)"],"extent_tesim":["38.65 cu. ft. (103 boxes)"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged into the following series:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003clist type=\"simple\"\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries I. Subject Files, 1919-1929 [bulk 1922-1926]\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries II. Extraditions, Pardons, and Prison Affairs, 1922-1926\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003c/list\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged alphabetically by folder title.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged into three subseries : Subseries A: Extraditions, Subseries B: Pardons, and Subseries C: Prison Affairs. \n\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged into the following series:","Series I. Subject Files, 1919-1929 [bulk 1922-1926] Series II. Extraditions, Pardons, and Prison Affairs, 1922-1926","Arranged alphabetically by folder title.\n","Arranged into three subseries : Subseries A: Extraditions, Subseries B: Pardons, and Subseries C: Prison Affairs. \n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGovernor Elbert Lee Trinkle was born in Wytheville, Virginia, in 1876. Trinkle attended Hampden-Sydney College and studied law at the University of Virginia. He returned to Wytheville in 1898 to practice law. He entered politics as Wythe County Democratic Chairman and was elected to the Virginia State Senate in 1915. Trinkle ran for governor in 1921 and easily defeated former congressman St. George Tucker in the Democratic primary and Republican Henry Watkins Anderson in the general election. He served as governor of Virginia from 1922 until 1926. After his governorship, Trinkle accepted a position as Vice-President of the Shenandoah Life Insurance of Roanoke. In 1930 Governor John Pollard appointed Trinkle chairman of the State Board of Education, a post he held until his death from a heart attack on 25 November 1939.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Governor Elbert Lee Trinkle was born in Wytheville, Virginia, in 1876. Trinkle attended Hampden-Sydney College and studied law at the University of Virginia. He returned to Wytheville in 1898 to practice law. He entered politics as Wythe County Democratic Chairman and was elected to the Virginia State Senate in 1915. Trinkle ran for governor in 1921 and easily defeated former congressman St. George Tucker in the Democratic primary and Republican Henry Watkins Anderson in the general election. He served as governor of Virginia from 1922 until 1926. After his governorship, Trinkle accepted a position as Vice-President of the Shenandoah Life Insurance of Roanoke. In 1930 Governor John Pollard appointed Trinkle chairman of the State Board of Education, a post he held until his death from a heart attack on 25 November 1939.\n"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eVirginia. Governor (1922-1926 : Trinkle). Executive Papers of Governor E. Lee Trinkle, 1919-1929 [bulk 1922-1926]. Accession 21567b, State government records collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Virginia. Governor (1922-1926 : Trinkle). Executive Papers of Governor E. Lee Trinkle, 1919-1929 [bulk 1922-1926]. Accession 21567b, State government records collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.\n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGovernor E. Lee Trinkle Executive Papers, 1919-1929 (bulk 1922-1926), are organized into two series. Series have been designated for I. Subject Files; and II. Extraditions, Pardons, and Prison Affairs. These papers mainly consist of incoming and outgoing correspondence during E. Lee Trinkle's four-year term as governor between 1 February 1922 and 1 February 1926. The largest and most significant series is the Subject Files Series. This series provides an in-depth look into the major concerns confronting Trinkle as governor. The Extraditions, Pardons, and Prison Affairs Series includes applications, correspondence, extraditions, pardons and requisitions.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThe Subject files series, 1919-1929 (bulk 1922-1926) is housed in seventy-eight archival boxes and is arranged alphabetically by subject. This series documents correspondence received and sent by Governor Trinkle during his four-year term as governor of Virginia. In addition to correspondence, there are reports, proclamations, telegrams, orders, resolutions, acts, publications, news clippings, invitations, proceedings, financial statements, invoices, and other sundry items. Topics include Agriculture, Atlantic Deeper Waterways Association, Budget appropriations, State Board of Censors, Coal conferences and contracts, Confederate reunions, Deaf and Blind school in Staunton, Education, Gasoline tax, General Assembly sessions, Highways, State Hospitals, Illiteracy Conferences, Judgeships, Monticello Association, Mount Vernon Board of Visitors, National Guard, National Prison Conference, expansion of the Virginia State Office Building, Penitentiary, Southern Exposition, State Board of Education, State Corporation Commission, Virginia Industrial schools, Virginia Military Institute, War Memorial Commission, and Yorktown General Committee, among others. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluded are lists of censored film as well as censorship rules and regulations; coal and railroad strikes; information on the trial of Robert and Larkin Garrett charged with murdering Baptist preacher E.S. Pierce; redecorating of the Governor's Mansion; racial issues at Hampton Institute; request to President Harding for Virginia Highway Department to purchase the U.S. South Richmond Air Depot; and correspondence from Penitentiary inmates including a copy of \"The Beacon,\" an inmate newspaper, and a Special Furniture Bulletin displaying furniture made by inmates. Also included are various proclamations made by the Governor for Armistice day, Mothers day, Thanksgiving, American Education Week, Fire Prevention Week, and Arbor Day, among others. Included are programs from various events the Governor attended; staff appointments and applications for jobs at the Governor's office; and numerous invitations to events. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluded is information on the carving at Stone Mountain, Georgia, including suggestions as to what Confederate generals to put on the monument, brochures, fund raising, Gutzon Borglum's removal, and Trinkle's address at the memorial. Included are State Institutions Special Reports, which contain a variety of information, from the number of veterans at the R.E. Lee Camp Soldiers Home, to the number of students at the Virginia Industrial School for Colored Girls, and information on fisheries and the oyster beds in Virginia. The Rewards folders includes information regarding threats by the KKK and a kidnapping case. Also included are appointments to various boards such as the Censorship Board, State Board of Dairy and Food Commissioners, Commissioner of Fisheries, Forest warden, Highway Commissioners, Industrial Commission, Judges, Labor Commissioner, National Rivers and Harbor Congress, Notaries Public, State Board of Optometry, State Geologist, Superintendents of Public Schools, State Veterinarian, Virginia War History Commission, and West Point appointments.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOf note, are the papers relating to Highways and the United States Good Road Association. Trinkle wanted to reorganize and fund the state highway system through issuing bonds. Trinkle's bond plan was obstructed by Harry Byrd and other Democratic leaders who preferred raising taxes on gasoline to fund the project. A special session of the General Assembly was called in February 1923 and the competing plans were debated, with the gas tax plan winning out in the end and effectively ended Trinkle's political career.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series was maintained in its original order and is not completely chronological. At some point the pins holding together the incoming and outgoing letters were removed and the archivist did not rearrange the folder items for fear of loosing the relationships between the incoming and outgoing letters.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Extraditions, Pardons, and Prison Affairs series, 1922-1926, is housed in twenty-three archival boxes and is arranged into three subseries. Subseries have been designated for: A. Extraditions, B. Pardons, and C. Prison Affairs.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluded are arrest warrants, correspondence, court orders, extradition requisitions, pardon applications, petitions, prison records, telegrams, and newspaper clippings. Subseries A: Extraditions, is arranged alphabetically by last name and includes correspondence, telegrams, and extradition requisitions to and from Virginia. Subseries B: Pardons is arranged alphabetically by last name and includes letters from family members asking for pardons of relatives; letters from prisoners asking for pardons; letters from politicians on behalf of prisoners; and petitions asking for pardons of prisoners. The records include the name of prisoner, date committed, age, occupation, court, crime, and term information. Unlike his predecessor, Governor Westmoreland Davis, Governor Trinkle was a firm believer in Prohibition, campaigned promising to uphold prohibition laws, and consistently denied pardons for any alcohol related crimes. Also included are requests for the removal of political disabilities, requests to have driving rights restored, and regain forfeited automobiles.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries C: Prison Affairs includes correspondence from citizens asking the Governor to waive local fines imposed and from prisoners regarding their cases. Also included is correspondence relating to the State Board of Charities, Corrections, and Probations, and the State Board of Public Welfare, both mostly relating to the welfare of children and children that were placed in Industrial Schools and reform schools. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThese two boxes include materials separated from Series I and II due to their size. Removal notices were placed in the folders from which the items were originally located and should lead researchers to the correct oversize folder and box locations.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Governor E. Lee Trinkle Executive Papers, 1919-1929 (bulk 1922-1926), are organized into two series. Series have been designated for I. Subject Files; and II. Extraditions, Pardons, and Prison Affairs. These papers mainly consist of incoming and outgoing correspondence during E. Lee Trinkle's four-year term as governor between 1 February 1922 and 1 February 1926. The largest and most significant series is the Subject Files Series. This series provides an in-depth look into the major concerns confronting Trinkle as governor. The Extraditions, Pardons, and Prison Affairs Series includes applications, correspondence, extraditions, pardons and requisitions.\n","\nThe Subject files series, 1919-1929 (bulk 1922-1926) is housed in seventy-eight archival boxes and is arranged alphabetically by subject. This series documents correspondence received and sent by Governor Trinkle during his four-year term as governor of Virginia. In addition to correspondence, there are reports, proclamations, telegrams, orders, resolutions, acts, publications, news clippings, invitations, proceedings, financial statements, invoices, and other sundry items. Topics include Agriculture, Atlantic Deeper Waterways Association, Budget appropriations, State Board of Censors, Coal conferences and contracts, Confederate reunions, Deaf and Blind school in Staunton, Education, Gasoline tax, General Assembly sessions, Highways, State Hospitals, Illiteracy Conferences, Judgeships, Monticello Association, Mount Vernon Board of Visitors, National Guard, National Prison Conference, expansion of the Virginia State Office Building, Penitentiary, Southern Exposition, State Board of Education, State Corporation Commission, Virginia Industrial schools, Virginia Military Institute, War Memorial Commission, and Yorktown General Committee, among others. ","Included are lists of censored film as well as censorship rules and regulations; coal and railroad strikes; information on the trial of Robert and Larkin Garrett charged with murdering Baptist preacher E.S. Pierce; redecorating of the Governor's Mansion; racial issues at Hampton Institute; request to President Harding for Virginia Highway Department to purchase the U.S. South Richmond Air Depot; and correspondence from Penitentiary inmates including a copy of \"The Beacon,\" an inmate newspaper, and a Special Furniture Bulletin displaying furniture made by inmates. Also included are various proclamations made by the Governor for Armistice day, Mothers day, Thanksgiving, American Education Week, Fire Prevention Week, and Arbor Day, among others. Included are programs from various events the Governor attended; staff appointments and applications for jobs at the Governor's office; and numerous invitations to events. ","Included is information on the carving at Stone Mountain, Georgia, including suggestions as to what Confederate generals to put on the monument, brochures, fund raising, Gutzon Borglum's removal, and Trinkle's address at the memorial. Included are State Institutions Special Reports, which contain a variety of information, from the number of veterans at the R.E. Lee Camp Soldiers Home, to the number of students at the Virginia Industrial School for Colored Girls, and information on fisheries and the oyster beds in Virginia. The Rewards folders includes information regarding threats by the KKK and a kidnapping case. Also included are appointments to various boards such as the Censorship Board, State Board of Dairy and Food Commissioners, Commissioner of Fisheries, Forest warden, Highway Commissioners, Industrial Commission, Judges, Labor Commissioner, National Rivers and Harbor Congress, Notaries Public, State Board of Optometry, State Geologist, Superintendents of Public Schools, State Veterinarian, Virginia War History Commission, and West Point appointments.","Of note, are the papers relating to Highways and the United States Good Road Association. Trinkle wanted to reorganize and fund the state highway system through issuing bonds. Trinkle's bond plan was obstructed by Harry Byrd and other Democratic leaders who preferred raising taxes on gasoline to fund the project. A special session of the General Assembly was called in February 1923 and the competing plans were debated, with the gas tax plan winning out in the end and effectively ended Trinkle's political career.","This series was maintained in its original order and is not completely chronological. At some point the pins holding together the incoming and outgoing letters were removed and the archivist did not rearrange the folder items for fear of loosing the relationships between the incoming and outgoing letters.","","The Extraditions, Pardons, and Prison Affairs series, 1922-1926, is housed in twenty-three archival boxes and is arranged into three subseries. Subseries have been designated for: A. Extraditions, B. Pardons, and C. Prison Affairs.","Included are arrest warrants, correspondence, court orders, extradition requisitions, pardon applications, petitions, prison records, telegrams, and newspaper clippings. Subseries A: Extraditions, is arranged alphabetically by last name and includes correspondence, telegrams, and extradition requisitions to and from Virginia. Subseries B: Pardons is arranged alphabetically by last name and includes letters from family members asking for pardons of relatives; letters from prisoners asking for pardons; letters from politicians on behalf of prisoners; and petitions asking for pardons of prisoners. The records include the name of prisoner, date committed, age, occupation, court, crime, and term information. Unlike his predecessor, Governor Westmoreland Davis, Governor Trinkle was a firm believer in Prohibition, campaigned promising to uphold prohibition laws, and consistently denied pardons for any alcohol related crimes. Also included are requests for the removal of political disabilities, requests to have driving rights restored, and regain forfeited automobiles.","Subseries C: Prison Affairs includes correspondence from citizens asking the Governor to waive local fines imposed and from prisoners regarding their cases. Also included is correspondence relating to the State Board of Charities, Corrections, and Probations, and the State Board of Public Welfare, both mostly relating to the welfare of children and children that were placed in Industrial Schools and reform schools. ","These two boxes include materials separated from Series I and II due to their size. Removal notices were placed in the folders from which the items were originally located and should lead researchers to the correct oversize folder and box locations."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":917,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T08:43:35.841Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi04680"}},{"id":"vi_vi04693","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"A Guide to the Executive Papers of Governor Harry F. Byrd, \n1926-1930","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi04693#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Byrd, Harry Flood, Records of Virginia Governor\n","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi04693#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eGovernor Harry F. Byrd Executive Papers, 1926-1930 (bulk 1922-1926), are organized into two series. Series have been designated for I. Subject Files; and Series II: Pardons, Requisitions, and Prison Affairs. These papers mainly consist of incoming and outgoing correspondence during Harry F. Byrd's four-year term as governor between 1 February 1926 and 1 February 1930. The largest and most significant series is the Subject Files Series. This series provides an in-depth look into the major concerns confronting Byrd as governor. The Pardons, Requisitions, and Prison Affairs Series includes applications, correspondence, extraditions, pardons and requisitions. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi04693#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vi_vi04693","ead_ssi":"vi_vi04693","_root_":"vi_vi04693","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi04693","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi04693.xml","title_ssm":["A Guide to the Executive Papers of Governor Harry F. Byrd, \n1926-1930"],"title_tesim":["A Guide to the Executive Papers of Governor Harry F. Byrd, \n1926-1930"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["22561a\n"],"text":["22561a\n","A Guide to the Executive Papers of Governor Harry F. Byrd, \n1926-1930","There are no restrictions.\n","This collection is arranged into the following series:","Series I. Subject Files, 1926-1930 Series II: Pardons, Requisitions, and Prison Affairs, 1926-1930","Arranged alphabetically by folder title.  \n","Arranged into three subseries : Subseries A: Pardons, Subseries B: Requisitions, and Subseries C: Prison Affairs. \n","Harry F. Byrd, Sr., was born in Martinsburg, West Virginia, on 10 June 1877, the eldest son of Richard Evelyn Byrd (1860-1925) and Eleanor Bolling Flood Byrd, of Winchester, Virginia. Byrd was the most powerful political leader in twentieth century Virginia. He served as governor from 1926 to 1930 and as a United State senator from 1933 to 1965. Byrd's political organization and pay as you go philosophy kepy taxes and public spending low in order to make Virginia attractive to business and industrial investors, but as a consequence road construction and support for public education and public health programs remained below national standards. For three decades Byrd's political allies dominated politics in the state. The Byrd organization collapsed following his death and the disastrous attempt by means of Massive Resistance to obstruct federal court orders in the 1950s and 1960s to desegregate the states public schools. He died in Berryville, Virginia, 20 October 1966.","Governor Harry F. Byrd Executive Papers, 1926-1930 (bulk 1922-1926), are organized into two series. Series have been designated for I. Subject Files; and Series II: Pardons, Requisitions, and Prison Affairs. These papers mainly consist of incoming and outgoing correspondence during Harry F. Byrd's four-year term as governor between 1 February 1926 and 1 February 1930. The largest and most significant series is the Subject Files Series. This series provides an in-depth look into the major concerns confronting Byrd as governor. The Pardons, Requisitions, and Prison Affairs Series includes applications, correspondence, extraditions, pardons and requisitions.\n","Byrd's term as governor is best remembered for its \"business progressivism.\" He was a businessman who wanted a businesslike government. Relying on his experience in politics and business, he reorganized state government and centralized executive authority. He abolished many state agencies, consolidated all others into eleven departments, and instituted a new accounting system. Finally, he revised the state tax system by implementing a system of tax segregation that gave localities the power to tax real estate and personal property while leaving the income tax available to the state. [Encyclopedia Virginia]","\nThe Subject files series, 1926-1930 is housed in one hundred and six archival boxes and is arranged alphabetically by subject. This series documents correspondence received and sent by Governor Byrd during his four-year term as governor of Virginia. In addition to correspondence, there are reports, proclamations, telegrams, orders, resolutions, acts, publications, news clippings, invitations, proceedings, financial statements, invoices, and other sundry items. Topics include Aviation and establishment of the Airport Commission, Celebration of the 150th anniversary of the Virginia Bill of Rights, Chamber of Commerce, pensions for Confederate veterans, Forfeited cars used for transporting illegal alcohol, Gas taxes and prices, Eastern State Hospital, the Jefferson memorial and centennial celebration, building of a statue for Robert E. Lee, letters encouraging residents from other states to immigrate to Virginia, Motion picture censorship, Motor Vehicle Commission, the Oysters and shellfish industry, State Board of Education, Virginia Commission for the Blind, Virginia Industrial School for Colored Girls, among others. Also included are appointments to various boards such as the American Mining Congress, Commission of Fisheries, Forest wardens, Judges, Labor Commissioners, National Tax Association Congress, Superintendents of Public Schools, State Port Authority, U.S. Good Roads Association, and appointments to West Point.","Included are papers relating to the Constitutional Amendments Commission and Byrd's efforts to push through constitutional amendments that streamlined the state government and allowed for more efficient use of tax dollars. He wanted to establish a separation of tax sources for state and localities and worked with the General Assembly to approve a gas tax increase. Governor Byrd also advocated building roads to state shrines such as Jamestown and Monticello and called for historical markers along roadways. Also included is information on renovations to the Governor's mansion, racial listings in the census, annual reports of directors of the Indians Rights Association, invitations to numerous events, and the establishment of the Virginia Division of Motor Vehicles, license testing requirements, and vehicle safety inspections. Also included are financial reports and minutes from several state boards including the State Board of Education and the State Board of Pharmacy.","Of note are the papers relating to the State Commission of Conservation and Development and the creation of Shenandoah National Park. Included are minutes from the commission, letters regarding billboards on highways blocking scenery, letters of support for the National Park from politicians and citizens, maps of the proposed park, and brochures. Also included is correspondence with John D. Rockefeller regarding the restoration of Colonial Williamsburg. ","Of note are the papers relating to lynchings in Virginia and Governor's Byrd efforts to have one of the toughest anti-lynching laws in the country. Included is correspondence with Louis Isaac Jaffee (1888-1950), who won the Pulitzer Prize for Editorial Writing in 1929 for his editorial, \"An unspeakable act of savagery,\" in the Norfolk Virginian Pilot. There are also letters relating to a lynching in Wytheville, Virginia, and the appointment of a special prosecutor for the case. While Governor Byrd may have opposed lynchings, he was also opposed to racial desegregation of the public schools and lead a campaign in the 1950s opposed to the U.S. Supreme Court decisions in Brown vs. Board of Education. The Massive Resistance campaign occurred while Byrd was senator and as such, not much is included related to school segregation in his Governor's executive papers.","This series was maintained in its original order and is not completely chronological. At some point the pins holding together the incoming and outgoing letters were removed and the archivist did not rearrange the folder items for fear of loosing the relationships between the incoming and outgoing letters.","The Pardons, Requisitions, and Prison Affairs series, 1926-1930, is housed in 37 archival boxes and is arranged into three subseries. Subseries have been designated for A. Pardons; B. Requisitions, and C. Prison Affairs. Included are arrest warrants, correspondence, court orders, extradition requisitions, pardon applications, petitions, prison records, telegrams, and newspaper clippings. Subseries A: Pardons is arranged alphabetically by last name and includes letters from family members asking for pardons of relatives; letters from prisoners asking for pardons; letters from politicians on behalf of prisoners; and petitions asking for pardons of prisoners. The records include the name of prisoner, date committed, age, occupation, court, crime, and term information. ","Subseries B: Requisitions, is arranged alphabetically by last name and includes correspondence, telegrams, and extradition requisitions to and from Virginia. Subseries C: Prison Affairs includes correspondence from prisoners regarding their cases and correspondence relating to the State Board of Public Welfare, mostly relating to the welfare of children and children that were placed in Industrial Schools and reform schools.","There are no restrictions.\n","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["22561a\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["A Guide to the Executive Papers of Governor Harry F. Byrd, \n1926-1930"],"collection_title_tesim":["A Guide to the Executive Papers of Governor Harry F. Byrd, \n1926-1930"],"collection_ssim":["A Guide to the Executive Papers of Governor Harry F. Byrd, \n1926-1930"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Byrd, Harry Flood, Records of Virginia Governor\n"],"creator_ssim":["Byrd, Harry Flood, Records of Virginia Governor\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Accession 22561a transferred 8 October 1946, from the Office of the Secretary of State, The Capitol, Richmond, Virginia. Accession 29523 transferred 16 June 1977, from Governor Mills E. Goodwin, Jr., Governor's Office, The Capitol, Richmond, Virginia [Letter from Nancy Astor to Governor Byrd, 13 December 1926, was interfiled with Accession 22561a]."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["53.3 cu. ft. (143 boxes)"],"extent_tesim":["53.3 cu. ft. (143 boxes)"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged into the following series:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003clist type=\"simple\"\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries I. Subject Files, 1926-1930\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries II: Pardons, Requisitions, and Prison Affairs, 1926-1930\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003c/list\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged alphabetically by folder title.  \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged into three subseries : Subseries A: Pardons, Subseries B: Requisitions, and Subseries C: Prison Affairs. \n\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged into the following series:","Series I. Subject Files, 1926-1930 Series II: Pardons, Requisitions, and Prison Affairs, 1926-1930","Arranged alphabetically by folder title.  \n","Arranged into three subseries : Subseries A: Pardons, Subseries B: Requisitions, and Subseries C: Prison Affairs. \n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eHarry F. Byrd, Sr., was born in Martinsburg, West Virginia, on 10 June 1877, the eldest son of Richard Evelyn Byrd (1860-1925) and Eleanor Bolling Flood Byrd, of Winchester, Virginia. Byrd was the most powerful political leader in twentieth century Virginia. He served as governor from 1926 to 1930 and as a United State senator from 1933 to 1965. Byrd's political organization and pay as you go philosophy kepy taxes and public spending low in order to make Virginia attractive to business and industrial investors, but as a consequence road construction and support for public education and public health programs remained below national standards. For three decades Byrd's political allies dominated politics in the state. The Byrd organization collapsed following his death and the disastrous attempt by means of Massive Resistance to obstruct federal court orders in the 1950s and 1960s to desegregate the states public schools. He died in Berryville, Virginia, 20 October 1966.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Harry F. Byrd, Sr., was born in Martinsburg, West Virginia, on 10 June 1877, the eldest son of Richard Evelyn Byrd (1860-1925) and Eleanor Bolling Flood Byrd, of Winchester, Virginia. Byrd was the most powerful political leader in twentieth century Virginia. He served as governor from 1926 to 1930 and as a United State senator from 1933 to 1965. Byrd's political organization and pay as you go philosophy kepy taxes and public spending low in order to make Virginia attractive to business and industrial investors, but as a consequence road construction and support for public education and public health programs remained below national standards. For three decades Byrd's political allies dominated politics in the state. The Byrd organization collapsed following his death and the disastrous attempt by means of Massive Resistance to obstruct federal court orders in the 1950s and 1960s to desegregate the states public schools. He died in Berryville, Virginia, 20 October 1966."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eVirginia. Governor (1926-1930 : Byrd). Executive Papers of Governor Harry F. Byrd, 1926-1930. Accession 22561a, State government records collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Virginia. Governor (1926-1930 : Byrd). Executive Papers of Governor Harry F. Byrd, 1926-1930. Accession 22561a, State government records collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.\n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGovernor Harry F. Byrd Executive Papers, 1926-1930 (bulk 1922-1926), are organized into two series. Series have been designated for I. Subject Files; and Series II: Pardons, Requisitions, and Prison Affairs. These papers mainly consist of incoming and outgoing correspondence during Harry F. Byrd's four-year term as governor between 1 February 1926 and 1 February 1930. The largest and most significant series is the Subject Files Series. This series provides an in-depth look into the major concerns confronting Byrd as governor. The Pardons, Requisitions, and Prison Affairs Series includes applications, correspondence, extraditions, pardons and requisitions.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eByrd's term as governor is best remembered for its \"business progressivism.\" He was a businessman who wanted a businesslike government. Relying on his experience in politics and business, he reorganized state government and centralized executive authority. He abolished many state agencies, consolidated all others into eleven departments, and instituted a new accounting system. Finally, he revised the state tax system by implementing a system of tax segregation that gave localities the power to tax real estate and personal property while leaving the income tax available to the state. [Encyclopedia Virginia]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThe Subject files series, 1926-1930 is housed in one hundred and six archival boxes and is arranged alphabetically by subject. This series documents correspondence received and sent by Governor Byrd during his four-year term as governor of Virginia. In addition to correspondence, there are reports, proclamations, telegrams, orders, resolutions, acts, publications, news clippings, invitations, proceedings, financial statements, invoices, and other sundry items. Topics include Aviation and establishment of the Airport Commission, Celebration of the 150th anniversary of the Virginia Bill of Rights, Chamber of Commerce, pensions for Confederate veterans, Forfeited cars used for transporting illegal alcohol, Gas taxes and prices, Eastern State Hospital, the Jefferson memorial and centennial celebration, building of a statue for Robert E. Lee, letters encouraging residents from other states to immigrate to Virginia, Motion picture censorship, Motor Vehicle Commission, the Oysters and shellfish industry, State Board of Education, Virginia Commission for the Blind, Virginia Industrial School for Colored Girls, among others. Also included are appointments to various boards such as the American Mining Congress, Commission of Fisheries, Forest wardens, Judges, Labor Commissioners, National Tax Association Congress, Superintendents of Public Schools, State Port Authority, U.S. Good Roads Association, and appointments to West Point.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluded are papers relating to the Constitutional Amendments Commission and Byrd's efforts to push through constitutional amendments that streamlined the state government and allowed for more efficient use of tax dollars. He wanted to establish a separation of tax sources for state and localities and worked with the General Assembly to approve a gas tax increase. Governor Byrd also advocated building roads to state shrines such as Jamestown and Monticello and called for historical markers along roadways. Also included is information on renovations to the Governor's mansion, racial listings in the census, annual reports of directors of the Indians Rights Association, invitations to numerous events, and the establishment of the Virginia Division of Motor Vehicles, license testing requirements, and vehicle safety inspections. Also included are financial reports and minutes from several state boards including the State Board of Education and the State Board of Pharmacy.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOf note are the papers relating to the State Commission of Conservation and Development and the creation of Shenandoah National Park. Included are minutes from the commission, letters regarding billboards on highways blocking scenery, letters of support for the National Park from politicians and citizens, maps of the proposed park, and brochures. Also included is correspondence with John D. Rockefeller regarding the restoration of Colonial Williamsburg. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOf note are the papers relating to lynchings in Virginia and Governor's Byrd efforts to have one of the toughest anti-lynching laws in the country. Included is correspondence with Louis Isaac Jaffee (1888-1950), who won the Pulitzer Prize for Editorial Writing in 1929 for his editorial, \"An unspeakable act of savagery,\" in the Norfolk Virginian Pilot. There are also letters relating to a lynching in Wytheville, Virginia, and the appointment of a special prosecutor for the case. While Governor Byrd may have opposed lynchings, he was also opposed to racial desegregation of the public schools and lead a campaign in the 1950s opposed to the U.S. Supreme Court decisions in Brown vs. Board of Education. The Massive Resistance campaign occurred while Byrd was senator and as such, not much is included related to school segregation in his Governor's executive papers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series was maintained in its original order and is not completely chronological. At some point the pins holding together the incoming and outgoing letters were removed and the archivist did not rearrange the folder items for fear of loosing the relationships between the incoming and outgoing letters.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Pardons, Requisitions, and Prison Affairs series, 1926-1930, is housed in 37 archival boxes and is arranged into three subseries. Subseries have been designated for A. Pardons; B. Requisitions, and C. Prison Affairs. Included are arrest warrants, correspondence, court orders, extradition requisitions, pardon applications, petitions, prison records, telegrams, and newspaper clippings. Subseries A: Pardons is arranged alphabetically by last name and includes letters from family members asking for pardons of relatives; letters from prisoners asking for pardons; letters from politicians on behalf of prisoners; and petitions asking for pardons of prisoners. The records include the name of prisoner, date committed, age, occupation, court, crime, and term information. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries B: Requisitions, is arranged alphabetically by last name and includes correspondence, telegrams, and extradition requisitions to and from Virginia. Subseries C: Prison Affairs includes correspondence from prisoners regarding their cases and correspondence relating to the State Board of Public Welfare, mostly relating to the welfare of children and children that were placed in Industrial Schools and reform schools.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Governor Harry F. Byrd Executive Papers, 1926-1930 (bulk 1922-1926), are organized into two series. Series have been designated for I. Subject Files; and Series II: Pardons, Requisitions, and Prison Affairs. These papers mainly consist of incoming and outgoing correspondence during Harry F. Byrd's four-year term as governor between 1 February 1926 and 1 February 1930. The largest and most significant series is the Subject Files Series. This series provides an in-depth look into the major concerns confronting Byrd as governor. The Pardons, Requisitions, and Prison Affairs Series includes applications, correspondence, extraditions, pardons and requisitions.\n","Byrd's term as governor is best remembered for its \"business progressivism.\" He was a businessman who wanted a businesslike government. Relying on his experience in politics and business, he reorganized state government and centralized executive authority. He abolished many state agencies, consolidated all others into eleven departments, and instituted a new accounting system. Finally, he revised the state tax system by implementing a system of tax segregation that gave localities the power to tax real estate and personal property while leaving the income tax available to the state. [Encyclopedia Virginia]","\nThe Subject files series, 1926-1930 is housed in one hundred and six archival boxes and is arranged alphabetically by subject. This series documents correspondence received and sent by Governor Byrd during his four-year term as governor of Virginia. In addition to correspondence, there are reports, proclamations, telegrams, orders, resolutions, acts, publications, news clippings, invitations, proceedings, financial statements, invoices, and other sundry items. Topics include Aviation and establishment of the Airport Commission, Celebration of the 150th anniversary of the Virginia Bill of Rights, Chamber of Commerce, pensions for Confederate veterans, Forfeited cars used for transporting illegal alcohol, Gas taxes and prices, Eastern State Hospital, the Jefferson memorial and centennial celebration, building of a statue for Robert E. Lee, letters encouraging residents from other states to immigrate to Virginia, Motion picture censorship, Motor Vehicle Commission, the Oysters and shellfish industry, State Board of Education, Virginia Commission for the Blind, Virginia Industrial School for Colored Girls, among others. Also included are appointments to various boards such as the American Mining Congress, Commission of Fisheries, Forest wardens, Judges, Labor Commissioners, National Tax Association Congress, Superintendents of Public Schools, State Port Authority, U.S. Good Roads Association, and appointments to West Point.","Included are papers relating to the Constitutional Amendments Commission and Byrd's efforts to push through constitutional amendments that streamlined the state government and allowed for more efficient use of tax dollars. He wanted to establish a separation of tax sources for state and localities and worked with the General Assembly to approve a gas tax increase. Governor Byrd also advocated building roads to state shrines such as Jamestown and Monticello and called for historical markers along roadways. Also included is information on renovations to the Governor's mansion, racial listings in the census, annual reports of directors of the Indians Rights Association, invitations to numerous events, and the establishment of the Virginia Division of Motor Vehicles, license testing requirements, and vehicle safety inspections. Also included are financial reports and minutes from several state boards including the State Board of Education and the State Board of Pharmacy.","Of note are the papers relating to the State Commission of Conservation and Development and the creation of Shenandoah National Park. Included are minutes from the commission, letters regarding billboards on highways blocking scenery, letters of support for the National Park from politicians and citizens, maps of the proposed park, and brochures. Also included is correspondence with John D. Rockefeller regarding the restoration of Colonial Williamsburg. ","Of note are the papers relating to lynchings in Virginia and Governor's Byrd efforts to have one of the toughest anti-lynching laws in the country. Included is correspondence with Louis Isaac Jaffee (1888-1950), who won the Pulitzer Prize for Editorial Writing in 1929 for his editorial, \"An unspeakable act of savagery,\" in the Norfolk Virginian Pilot. There are also letters relating to a lynching in Wytheville, Virginia, and the appointment of a special prosecutor for the case. While Governor Byrd may have opposed lynchings, he was also opposed to racial desegregation of the public schools and lead a campaign in the 1950s opposed to the U.S. Supreme Court decisions in Brown vs. Board of Education. The Massive Resistance campaign occurred while Byrd was senator and as such, not much is included related to school segregation in his Governor's executive papers.","This series was maintained in its original order and is not completely chronological. At some point the pins holding together the incoming and outgoing letters were removed and the archivist did not rearrange the folder items for fear of loosing the relationships between the incoming and outgoing letters.","The Pardons, Requisitions, and Prison Affairs series, 1926-1930, is housed in 37 archival boxes and is arranged into three subseries. Subseries have been designated for A. Pardons; B. Requisitions, and C. Prison Affairs. Included are arrest warrants, correspondence, court orders, extradition requisitions, pardon applications, petitions, prison records, telegrams, and newspaper clippings. Subseries A: Pardons is arranged alphabetically by last name and includes letters from family members asking for pardons of relatives; letters from prisoners asking for pardons; letters from politicians on behalf of prisoners; and petitions asking for pardons of prisoners. The records include the name of prisoner, date committed, age, occupation, court, crime, and term information. ","Subseries B: Requisitions, is arranged alphabetically by last name and includes correspondence, telegrams, and extradition requisitions to and from Virginia. Subseries C: Prison Affairs includes correspondence from prisoners regarding their cases and correspondence relating to the State Board of Public Welfare, mostly relating to the welfare of children and children that were placed in Industrial Schools and reform schools."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":1278,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T08:59:53.111Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi04693","ead_ssi":"vi_vi04693","_root_":"vi_vi04693","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi04693","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi04693.xml","title_ssm":["A Guide to the Executive Papers of Governor Harry F. Byrd, \n1926-1930"],"title_tesim":["A Guide to the Executive Papers of Governor Harry F. Byrd, \n1926-1930"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["22561a\n"],"text":["22561a\n","A Guide to the Executive Papers of Governor Harry F. Byrd, \n1926-1930","There are no restrictions.\n","This collection is arranged into the following series:","Series I. Subject Files, 1926-1930 Series II: Pardons, Requisitions, and Prison Affairs, 1926-1930","Arranged alphabetically by folder title.  \n","Arranged into three subseries : Subseries A: Pardons, Subseries B: Requisitions, and Subseries C: Prison Affairs. \n","Harry F. Byrd, Sr., was born in Martinsburg, West Virginia, on 10 June 1877, the eldest son of Richard Evelyn Byrd (1860-1925) and Eleanor Bolling Flood Byrd, of Winchester, Virginia. Byrd was the most powerful political leader in twentieth century Virginia. He served as governor from 1926 to 1930 and as a United State senator from 1933 to 1965. Byrd's political organization and pay as you go philosophy kepy taxes and public spending low in order to make Virginia attractive to business and industrial investors, but as a consequence road construction and support for public education and public health programs remained below national standards. For three decades Byrd's political allies dominated politics in the state. The Byrd organization collapsed following his death and the disastrous attempt by means of Massive Resistance to obstruct federal court orders in the 1950s and 1960s to desegregate the states public schools. He died in Berryville, Virginia, 20 October 1966.","Governor Harry F. Byrd Executive Papers, 1926-1930 (bulk 1922-1926), are organized into two series. Series have been designated for I. Subject Files; and Series II: Pardons, Requisitions, and Prison Affairs. These papers mainly consist of incoming and outgoing correspondence during Harry F. Byrd's four-year term as governor between 1 February 1926 and 1 February 1930. The largest and most significant series is the Subject Files Series. This series provides an in-depth look into the major concerns confronting Byrd as governor. The Pardons, Requisitions, and Prison Affairs Series includes applications, correspondence, extraditions, pardons and requisitions.\n","Byrd's term as governor is best remembered for its \"business progressivism.\" He was a businessman who wanted a businesslike government. Relying on his experience in politics and business, he reorganized state government and centralized executive authority. He abolished many state agencies, consolidated all others into eleven departments, and instituted a new accounting system. Finally, he revised the state tax system by implementing a system of tax segregation that gave localities the power to tax real estate and personal property while leaving the income tax available to the state. [Encyclopedia Virginia]","\nThe Subject files series, 1926-1930 is housed in one hundred and six archival boxes and is arranged alphabetically by subject. This series documents correspondence received and sent by Governor Byrd during his four-year term as governor of Virginia. In addition to correspondence, there are reports, proclamations, telegrams, orders, resolutions, acts, publications, news clippings, invitations, proceedings, financial statements, invoices, and other sundry items. Topics include Aviation and establishment of the Airport Commission, Celebration of the 150th anniversary of the Virginia Bill of Rights, Chamber of Commerce, pensions for Confederate veterans, Forfeited cars used for transporting illegal alcohol, Gas taxes and prices, Eastern State Hospital, the Jefferson memorial and centennial celebration, building of a statue for Robert E. Lee, letters encouraging residents from other states to immigrate to Virginia, Motion picture censorship, Motor Vehicle Commission, the Oysters and shellfish industry, State Board of Education, Virginia Commission for the Blind, Virginia Industrial School for Colored Girls, among others. Also included are appointments to various boards such as the American Mining Congress, Commission of Fisheries, Forest wardens, Judges, Labor Commissioners, National Tax Association Congress, Superintendents of Public Schools, State Port Authority, U.S. Good Roads Association, and appointments to West Point.","Included are papers relating to the Constitutional Amendments Commission and Byrd's efforts to push through constitutional amendments that streamlined the state government and allowed for more efficient use of tax dollars. He wanted to establish a separation of tax sources for state and localities and worked with the General Assembly to approve a gas tax increase. Governor Byrd also advocated building roads to state shrines such as Jamestown and Monticello and called for historical markers along roadways. Also included is information on renovations to the Governor's mansion, racial listings in the census, annual reports of directors of the Indians Rights Association, invitations to numerous events, and the establishment of the Virginia Division of Motor Vehicles, license testing requirements, and vehicle safety inspections. Also included are financial reports and minutes from several state boards including the State Board of Education and the State Board of Pharmacy.","Of note are the papers relating to the State Commission of Conservation and Development and the creation of Shenandoah National Park. Included are minutes from the commission, letters regarding billboards on highways blocking scenery, letters of support for the National Park from politicians and citizens, maps of the proposed park, and brochures. Also included is correspondence with John D. Rockefeller regarding the restoration of Colonial Williamsburg. ","Of note are the papers relating to lynchings in Virginia and Governor's Byrd efforts to have one of the toughest anti-lynching laws in the country. Included is correspondence with Louis Isaac Jaffee (1888-1950), who won the Pulitzer Prize for Editorial Writing in 1929 for his editorial, \"An unspeakable act of savagery,\" in the Norfolk Virginian Pilot. There are also letters relating to a lynching in Wytheville, Virginia, and the appointment of a special prosecutor for the case. While Governor Byrd may have opposed lynchings, he was also opposed to racial desegregation of the public schools and lead a campaign in the 1950s opposed to the U.S. Supreme Court decisions in Brown vs. Board of Education. The Massive Resistance campaign occurred while Byrd was senator and as such, not much is included related to school segregation in his Governor's executive papers.","This series was maintained in its original order and is not completely chronological. At some point the pins holding together the incoming and outgoing letters were removed and the archivist did not rearrange the folder items for fear of loosing the relationships between the incoming and outgoing letters.","The Pardons, Requisitions, and Prison Affairs series, 1926-1930, is housed in 37 archival boxes and is arranged into three subseries. Subseries have been designated for A. Pardons; B. Requisitions, and C. Prison Affairs. Included are arrest warrants, correspondence, court orders, extradition requisitions, pardon applications, petitions, prison records, telegrams, and newspaper clippings. Subseries A: Pardons is arranged alphabetically by last name and includes letters from family members asking for pardons of relatives; letters from prisoners asking for pardons; letters from politicians on behalf of prisoners; and petitions asking for pardons of prisoners. The records include the name of prisoner, date committed, age, occupation, court, crime, and term information. ","Subseries B: Requisitions, is arranged alphabetically by last name and includes correspondence, telegrams, and extradition requisitions to and from Virginia. Subseries C: Prison Affairs includes correspondence from prisoners regarding their cases and correspondence relating to the State Board of Public Welfare, mostly relating to the welfare of children and children that were placed in Industrial Schools and reform schools.","There are no restrictions.\n","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["22561a\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["A Guide to the Executive Papers of Governor Harry F. Byrd, \n1926-1930"],"collection_title_tesim":["A Guide to the Executive Papers of Governor Harry F. Byrd, \n1926-1930"],"collection_ssim":["A Guide to the Executive Papers of Governor Harry F. Byrd, \n1926-1930"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Byrd, Harry Flood, Records of Virginia Governor\n"],"creator_ssim":["Byrd, Harry Flood, Records of Virginia Governor\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Accession 22561a transferred 8 October 1946, from the Office of the Secretary of State, The Capitol, Richmond, Virginia. Accession 29523 transferred 16 June 1977, from Governor Mills E. Goodwin, Jr., Governor's Office, The Capitol, Richmond, Virginia [Letter from Nancy Astor to Governor Byrd, 13 December 1926, was interfiled with Accession 22561a]."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["53.3 cu. ft. (143 boxes)"],"extent_tesim":["53.3 cu. ft. (143 boxes)"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged into the following series:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003clist type=\"simple\"\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries I. Subject Files, 1926-1930\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries II: Pardons, Requisitions, and Prison Affairs, 1926-1930\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003c/list\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged alphabetically by folder title.  \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged into three subseries : Subseries A: Pardons, Subseries B: Requisitions, and Subseries C: Prison Affairs. \n\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged into the following series:","Series I. Subject Files, 1926-1930 Series II: Pardons, Requisitions, and Prison Affairs, 1926-1930","Arranged alphabetically by folder title.  \n","Arranged into three subseries : Subseries A: Pardons, Subseries B: Requisitions, and Subseries C: Prison Affairs. \n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eHarry F. Byrd, Sr., was born in Martinsburg, West Virginia, on 10 June 1877, the eldest son of Richard Evelyn Byrd (1860-1925) and Eleanor Bolling Flood Byrd, of Winchester, Virginia. Byrd was the most powerful political leader in twentieth century Virginia. He served as governor from 1926 to 1930 and as a United State senator from 1933 to 1965. Byrd's political organization and pay as you go philosophy kepy taxes and public spending low in order to make Virginia attractive to business and industrial investors, but as a consequence road construction and support for public education and public health programs remained below national standards. For three decades Byrd's political allies dominated politics in the state. The Byrd organization collapsed following his death and the disastrous attempt by means of Massive Resistance to obstruct federal court orders in the 1950s and 1960s to desegregate the states public schools. He died in Berryville, Virginia, 20 October 1966.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Harry F. Byrd, Sr., was born in Martinsburg, West Virginia, on 10 June 1877, the eldest son of Richard Evelyn Byrd (1860-1925) and Eleanor Bolling Flood Byrd, of Winchester, Virginia. Byrd was the most powerful political leader in twentieth century Virginia. He served as governor from 1926 to 1930 and as a United State senator from 1933 to 1965. Byrd's political organization and pay as you go philosophy kepy taxes and public spending low in order to make Virginia attractive to business and industrial investors, but as a consequence road construction and support for public education and public health programs remained below national standards. For three decades Byrd's political allies dominated politics in the state. The Byrd organization collapsed following his death and the disastrous attempt by means of Massive Resistance to obstruct federal court orders in the 1950s and 1960s to desegregate the states public schools. He died in Berryville, Virginia, 20 October 1966."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eVirginia. Governor (1926-1930 : Byrd). Executive Papers of Governor Harry F. Byrd, 1926-1930. Accession 22561a, State government records collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Virginia. Governor (1926-1930 : Byrd). Executive Papers of Governor Harry F. Byrd, 1926-1930. Accession 22561a, State government records collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.\n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGovernor Harry F. Byrd Executive Papers, 1926-1930 (bulk 1922-1926), are organized into two series. Series have been designated for I. Subject Files; and Series II: Pardons, Requisitions, and Prison Affairs. These papers mainly consist of incoming and outgoing correspondence during Harry F. Byrd's four-year term as governor between 1 February 1926 and 1 February 1930. The largest and most significant series is the Subject Files Series. This series provides an in-depth look into the major concerns confronting Byrd as governor. The Pardons, Requisitions, and Prison Affairs Series includes applications, correspondence, extraditions, pardons and requisitions.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eByrd's term as governor is best remembered for its \"business progressivism.\" He was a businessman who wanted a businesslike government. Relying on his experience in politics and business, he reorganized state government and centralized executive authority. He abolished many state agencies, consolidated all others into eleven departments, and instituted a new accounting system. Finally, he revised the state tax system by implementing a system of tax segregation that gave localities the power to tax real estate and personal property while leaving the income tax available to the state. [Encyclopedia Virginia]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThe Subject files series, 1926-1930 is housed in one hundred and six archival boxes and is arranged alphabetically by subject. This series documents correspondence received and sent by Governor Byrd during his four-year term as governor of Virginia. In addition to correspondence, there are reports, proclamations, telegrams, orders, resolutions, acts, publications, news clippings, invitations, proceedings, financial statements, invoices, and other sundry items. Topics include Aviation and establishment of the Airport Commission, Celebration of the 150th anniversary of the Virginia Bill of Rights, Chamber of Commerce, pensions for Confederate veterans, Forfeited cars used for transporting illegal alcohol, Gas taxes and prices, Eastern State Hospital, the Jefferson memorial and centennial celebration, building of a statue for Robert E. Lee, letters encouraging residents from other states to immigrate to Virginia, Motion picture censorship, Motor Vehicle Commission, the Oysters and shellfish industry, State Board of Education, Virginia Commission for the Blind, Virginia Industrial School for Colored Girls, among others. Also included are appointments to various boards such as the American Mining Congress, Commission of Fisheries, Forest wardens, Judges, Labor Commissioners, National Tax Association Congress, Superintendents of Public Schools, State Port Authority, U.S. Good Roads Association, and appointments to West Point.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluded are papers relating to the Constitutional Amendments Commission and Byrd's efforts to push through constitutional amendments that streamlined the state government and allowed for more efficient use of tax dollars. He wanted to establish a separation of tax sources for state and localities and worked with the General Assembly to approve a gas tax increase. Governor Byrd also advocated building roads to state shrines such as Jamestown and Monticello and called for historical markers along roadways. Also included is information on renovations to the Governor's mansion, racial listings in the census, annual reports of directors of the Indians Rights Association, invitations to numerous events, and the establishment of the Virginia Division of Motor Vehicles, license testing requirements, and vehicle safety inspections. Also included are financial reports and minutes from several state boards including the State Board of Education and the State Board of Pharmacy.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOf note are the papers relating to the State Commission of Conservation and Development and the creation of Shenandoah National Park. Included are minutes from the commission, letters regarding billboards on highways blocking scenery, letters of support for the National Park from politicians and citizens, maps of the proposed park, and brochures. Also included is correspondence with John D. Rockefeller regarding the restoration of Colonial Williamsburg. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOf note are the papers relating to lynchings in Virginia and Governor's Byrd efforts to have one of the toughest anti-lynching laws in the country. Included is correspondence with Louis Isaac Jaffee (1888-1950), who won the Pulitzer Prize for Editorial Writing in 1929 for his editorial, \"An unspeakable act of savagery,\" in the Norfolk Virginian Pilot. There are also letters relating to a lynching in Wytheville, Virginia, and the appointment of a special prosecutor for the case. While Governor Byrd may have opposed lynchings, he was also opposed to racial desegregation of the public schools and lead a campaign in the 1950s opposed to the U.S. Supreme Court decisions in Brown vs. Board of Education. The Massive Resistance campaign occurred while Byrd was senator and as such, not much is included related to school segregation in his Governor's executive papers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series was maintained in its original order and is not completely chronological. At some point the pins holding together the incoming and outgoing letters were removed and the archivist did not rearrange the folder items for fear of loosing the relationships between the incoming and outgoing letters.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Pardons, Requisitions, and Prison Affairs series, 1926-1930, is housed in 37 archival boxes and is arranged into three subseries. Subseries have been designated for A. Pardons; B. Requisitions, and C. Prison Affairs. Included are arrest warrants, correspondence, court orders, extradition requisitions, pardon applications, petitions, prison records, telegrams, and newspaper clippings. Subseries A: Pardons is arranged alphabetically by last name and includes letters from family members asking for pardons of relatives; letters from prisoners asking for pardons; letters from politicians on behalf of prisoners; and petitions asking for pardons of prisoners. The records include the name of prisoner, date committed, age, occupation, court, crime, and term information. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries B: Requisitions, is arranged alphabetically by last name and includes correspondence, telegrams, and extradition requisitions to and from Virginia. Subseries C: Prison Affairs includes correspondence from prisoners regarding their cases and correspondence relating to the State Board of Public Welfare, mostly relating to the welfare of children and children that were placed in Industrial Schools and reform schools.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Governor Harry F. Byrd Executive Papers, 1926-1930 (bulk 1922-1926), are organized into two series. Series have been designated for I. Subject Files; and Series II: Pardons, Requisitions, and Prison Affairs. These papers mainly consist of incoming and outgoing correspondence during Harry F. Byrd's four-year term as governor between 1 February 1926 and 1 February 1930. The largest and most significant series is the Subject Files Series. This series provides an in-depth look into the major concerns confronting Byrd as governor. The Pardons, Requisitions, and Prison Affairs Series includes applications, correspondence, extraditions, pardons and requisitions.\n","Byrd's term as governor is best remembered for its \"business progressivism.\" He was a businessman who wanted a businesslike government. Relying on his experience in politics and business, he reorganized state government and centralized executive authority. He abolished many state agencies, consolidated all others into eleven departments, and instituted a new accounting system. Finally, he revised the state tax system by implementing a system of tax segregation that gave localities the power to tax real estate and personal property while leaving the income tax available to the state. [Encyclopedia Virginia]","\nThe Subject files series, 1926-1930 is housed in one hundred and six archival boxes and is arranged alphabetically by subject. This series documents correspondence received and sent by Governor Byrd during his four-year term as governor of Virginia. In addition to correspondence, there are reports, proclamations, telegrams, orders, resolutions, acts, publications, news clippings, invitations, proceedings, financial statements, invoices, and other sundry items. Topics include Aviation and establishment of the Airport Commission, Celebration of the 150th anniversary of the Virginia Bill of Rights, Chamber of Commerce, pensions for Confederate veterans, Forfeited cars used for transporting illegal alcohol, Gas taxes and prices, Eastern State Hospital, the Jefferson memorial and centennial celebration, building of a statue for Robert E. Lee, letters encouraging residents from other states to immigrate to Virginia, Motion picture censorship, Motor Vehicle Commission, the Oysters and shellfish industry, State Board of Education, Virginia Commission for the Blind, Virginia Industrial School for Colored Girls, among others. Also included are appointments to various boards such as the American Mining Congress, Commission of Fisheries, Forest wardens, Judges, Labor Commissioners, National Tax Association Congress, Superintendents of Public Schools, State Port Authority, U.S. Good Roads Association, and appointments to West Point.","Included are papers relating to the Constitutional Amendments Commission and Byrd's efforts to push through constitutional amendments that streamlined the state government and allowed for more efficient use of tax dollars. He wanted to establish a separation of tax sources for state and localities and worked with the General Assembly to approve a gas tax increase. Governor Byrd also advocated building roads to state shrines such as Jamestown and Monticello and called for historical markers along roadways. Also included is information on renovations to the Governor's mansion, racial listings in the census, annual reports of directors of the Indians Rights Association, invitations to numerous events, and the establishment of the Virginia Division of Motor Vehicles, license testing requirements, and vehicle safety inspections. Also included are financial reports and minutes from several state boards including the State Board of Education and the State Board of Pharmacy.","Of note are the papers relating to the State Commission of Conservation and Development and the creation of Shenandoah National Park. Included are minutes from the commission, letters regarding billboards on highways blocking scenery, letters of support for the National Park from politicians and citizens, maps of the proposed park, and brochures. Also included is correspondence with John D. Rockefeller regarding the restoration of Colonial Williamsburg. ","Of note are the papers relating to lynchings in Virginia and Governor's Byrd efforts to have one of the toughest anti-lynching laws in the country. Included is correspondence with Louis Isaac Jaffee (1888-1950), who won the Pulitzer Prize for Editorial Writing in 1929 for his editorial, \"An unspeakable act of savagery,\" in the Norfolk Virginian Pilot. There are also letters relating to a lynching in Wytheville, Virginia, and the appointment of a special prosecutor for the case. While Governor Byrd may have opposed lynchings, he was also opposed to racial desegregation of the public schools and lead a campaign in the 1950s opposed to the U.S. Supreme Court decisions in Brown vs. Board of Education. The Massive Resistance campaign occurred while Byrd was senator and as such, not much is included related to school segregation in his Governor's executive papers.","This series was maintained in its original order and is not completely chronological. At some point the pins holding together the incoming and outgoing letters were removed and the archivist did not rearrange the folder items for fear of loosing the relationships between the incoming and outgoing letters.","The Pardons, Requisitions, and Prison Affairs series, 1926-1930, is housed in 37 archival boxes and is arranged into three subseries. Subseries have been designated for A. Pardons; B. Requisitions, and C. Prison Affairs. Included are arrest warrants, correspondence, court orders, extradition requisitions, pardon applications, petitions, prison records, telegrams, and newspaper clippings. Subseries A: Pardons is arranged alphabetically by last name and includes letters from family members asking for pardons of relatives; letters from prisoners asking for pardons; letters from politicians on behalf of prisoners; and petitions asking for pardons of prisoners. The records include the name of prisoner, date committed, age, occupation, court, crime, and term information. ","Subseries B: Requisitions, is arranged alphabetically by last name and includes correspondence, telegrams, and extradition requisitions to and from Virginia. Subseries C: Prison Affairs includes correspondence from prisoners regarding their cases and correspondence relating to the State Board of Public Welfare, mostly relating to the welfare of children and children that were placed in Industrial Schools and reform schools."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":1278,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T08:59:53.111Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi04693"}}],"included":[{"type":"facet","id":"repository_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Repository","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Library of Virginia","value":"Library of Virginia","hits":5404},"links":{"remove":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/repository_ssim.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia"}},{"type":"facet","id":"collection_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Collection","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"124th Virginia Militia Infantry Regiment Records,\n1833-1848","value":"124th Virginia Militia Infantry Regiment Records,\n1833-1848","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=124th+Virginia+Militia+Infantry+Regiment+Records%2C%0A1833-1848\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia"}},{"attributes":{"label":"2300 Club, Records, \n         \n         1965-2000","value":"2300 Club, Records, \n         \n         1965-2000","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=2300+Club%2C+Records%2C+%0A+++++++++%0A+++++++++1965-2000\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia"}},{"attributes":{"label":"A Guide to Correspondence, vouchers, pay and muster rolls - Mexican War Volunteers, \n1846-1860","value":"A Guide to Correspondence, vouchers, pay and muster rolls - Mexican War Volunteers, \n1846-1860","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=A+Guide+to+Correspondence%2C+vouchers%2C+pay+and+muster+rolls+-+Mexican+War+Volunteers%2C+%0A1846-1860\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia"}},{"attributes":{"label":"A Guide to Minutes and Records - Virginia Historic Landmarks Commission, \n1966-1973","value":"A Guide to Minutes and Records - Virginia Historic Landmarks Commission, \n1966-1973","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=A+Guide+to+Minutes+and+Records+-+Virginia+Historic+Landmarks+Commission%2C+%0A1966-1973\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia"}},{"attributes":{"label":"A Guide to Prince Edward County (Va.) 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