{"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Rockingham+County+%28Va.%29+--+Economic+conditions","last":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Rockingham+County+%28Va.%29+--+Economic+conditions\u0026page=1"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":1,"next_page":null,"prev_page":null,"total_pages":1,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":0,"total_count":3,"first_page?":true,"last_page?":true}},"data":[{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_591","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Drugs in the valley: fifty years of Merck and Co. oral history collection, 1990","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_591#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Oakes, Laura","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_591#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Collection is an oral history project comprised of a background paper and three audio recordings with corresponding transcripts of interviews conducted in July 1990 by Laura Oakes with former and current employees of the Merck and Co., Inc. pharmaceutical manufacturing plant located in Elkton, Virginia, known as the Stonewall Plant.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_591#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_591","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_591","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_591","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_591","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_591.xml","title_ssm":["Drugs in the valley: fifty years of Merck and Co. oral history collection"],"title_tesim":["Drugs in the valley: fifty years of Merck and Co. oral history collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1990"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1990"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1990"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Drugs in the valley: fifty years of Merck and Co. oral history collection, 1990"],"text":["Drugs in the valley: fifty years of Merck and Co. oral history collection, 1990","SdArch 0003","/repositories/4/resources/591","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Economic conditions","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Economic conditions -- Sources","Pharmaceutical industry -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History","Pharmaceutical industry employees","Industrial relations -- Virginia -- Elkton","World War, 1939-1945 -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Industries -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Industries -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Sources","oral histories (literary works)","Access to oral history interviews is governed by agreements with the narrators. All interviews in this collection are open for research without restriction. \nResearchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Special Collections staff at library-special@jmu.edu before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","Researchers may request these materials via a digitization request to receive electronic delivery of access copies. Contact library-special@jmu.edu with questions about requesting digital access copies.","Access to original or duplicating copies of physical media is restricted. Researchers must consult digital access copies; if none exist researchers may request that digital access copies be made. Contact library-special@jmu.edu to request digitization.","Access to original or duplicating copies of physical media is restricted. Researchers must consult digital access copies; if none exist researchers may request that digital access copies be made. Contact library-special@jmu.edu to request digitization.","Access to original or duplicating copies of physical media is restricted. Researchers must consult digital access copies; if none exist researchers may request that digital access copies be made. Contact library-special@jmu.edu to request digitization.","Access to original or duplicating copies of physical media is restricted. Researchers must consult digital access copies; if none exist researchers may request that digital access copies be made. Contact library-special@jmu.edu to request digitization.","Interview is open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Special Collections staff at library-special@jmu.edu before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","Interview is open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Special Collections staff at library-special@jmu.edu before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","A bound volume that comprises copies of the transcripts of each interview in this collection as well as a copy of the project background paper and any related materials is cataloged as a monograph and is available as part of the Libraries' circulating collection under the title, Drugs in the Valley : fifty years of Merck and Co., Inc., 1941-1991. Part of an oral history project.","Oral history interviews that make up this collection were conducted in July 1990 by JMU undergraduate student Laura Oakes, as part of an oral history summer internship in Special Collections. The background paper and the three interviews in this collection formed the basis for the bachelor honors thesis titled Drugs in the Valley: the history of the Stonewall Plant of Merck and Company, Inc., 1941-1991, as well as the monograph titled Stonewall: the realization of a vision, 1941-1991, both published in 1991 and authored by Oakes. Copies of both of these related titles form part of Special Collections' rare book holdings.","In 2008, Libraries' staff in the media resources department reformatted the contents of the original audio cassettes in this collection, using a Tascam CC-222MKII CD recorder / cassette combination deck to transfer digitized m4a and mp3 files onto MAM-A Gold Archival 700MB CD-Rs to serve as both access copies and preservation storage.","In 2018, the digital archivist in Special Collections completed a large-scale project to transfer reformatted born-digital files stored on gold CDs off of the physical media and into access and preservation storage environments on Libraries servers. As part of this project, the digital archivist also combined audio files when appropriate for interviews that were originally recorded across multiple pieces of physical media or on different sides of a single piece of media, and applied a new file naming convention constructed from the oral history collection identifer and a component unique identifer used to differentiate among interviews at the file level in the archival description. The archivist saved these newly combined interview files in .wav file format for preservation storage, and also created derivative access file copies in .mp3 file format.","In 2025, as part of an oral history redescription project, archivists corrected errors in file names for audio files in this collection to align with existing file naming conventions for digitized Special Collections materials, and to ensure that all component unique identifiers used within file names for digital surrogates matched the identifiers employed in the corresponding archival description.","This collection is comprised of a background paper and three audio recordings with corresponding transcripts of oral history interviews conducted in July 1990 with individuals who had worked at the Merck and Co., Inc. pharmaceutical manufacturing plant located in Elkton, Virginia known as the Stonewall Plant.","The background paper provides contextual information around the genesis of the oral history project and outlines the project purpose as intending to record the experiences of plant employees to understand the impact of Elkton, Virginia plant operations on individuals and communities in the Shenandoah Valley and beyond. The background paper includes a brief chronological history of the growth and development of the pharmaceutical corporation, Merck and Co., Inc. with focus on the history of the Stonewall Plant.","Interviews in this collection record the recollections of three individuals who worked at the Stonewall plant in different capacities, and who were selected for participation in the project to reflect a variety of viewpoints. A summary of each interview is included in a scope and contents note for each individual interview.","This background paper records a brief chronological history of the growth and development of the pharmaceutical corporation, Merck and Co., Inc. and in particular, one of its manufacturing plants, the Stonewall Plant at Elkton, Virginia in the Shenandoah Valley. The paper traces the history of the Merck family and its association with pharmaceutical businesses beginning in 17th century Germany to expansion in the U.S. in 1891 where it became an independent entity in 1908. Mentions various family names, including George W. Merck; refers to plant sites including Rahway, New Jersey and specifically the Stonewall Plant at Elkton. Gives background information on the selection of the Virginia site, its 1941 founding and growth, along with mention of the 1977 plant built by Merck, Sharp and Dohme. Explains the purpose of the oral history series in recording the reminiscences of Stonewall plant employees to determine the impact of the plant on the area and the company as a whole, and also the events, etc. in the local community, company and world upon the plant, its employees, and local area. Three employees were chosen to reflect varying viewpoints. They were: G. Elliot Reeke, 39-yr. retired employee (maintenance engineer manager), present from the plant's founding; Olin N. Leake, 38-yr. retired hourly employee (chemical operator), present during the plant's middle and growth years; and Barry Ream, 20-year current employee (administrative manufacturing area head).","This interview records the recollections of Mr. George Elliot Reeke who was a maintenance engineer from 1941-1980 at the Stonewall Plant at Elkton, VA., a manufacturing plant of the pharmaceutical corporation, Merck \u0026 Co. Reeke describes various aspects of work; the impact of the plant on the community and company, and events and changes which impacted on the plant, its employees and local area. Expresses viewpoints from the perspective of an employee who was present at the founding of the plant through its building years. Mentions the building of the plant and its physical layout; descriptions of jobs and key personnel; employment practices (wages, benefits, status of minorities and women); administrative research and production activities (ex. riboflavin process, thiamin, streptomycin, penicillin, atabrin, various vitamins); employer-employee relations; outside activities (clubs, etc.); communication within the plant, safety/quality control measures and health care; transportation of raw materials; company housing; community relations and economic impact; environmental impact (fish kill in the Shenandoah River); and the impact of WWII on the plant, employees and community. Recorded at the home of Mr. George Elliot Reeke of Harrisonburg, VA. on July 3, 1990.","Includes digitized access copies of interview recording and interview transcript.","This interview records the recollections of Mr. Olin Norman Leake who was a chemical operator from 1948-1986 at the Stonewall Plant at Elkton, Va., a manufacturing plant of the pharmaceutical corporation, Merck \u0026 Co. He describes various aspects of work; the impact of the plant on the community and company, and events and changes which impacted on the plant, its employees, and local area. Expresses viewpoints from the perspective of an employee who was present during the middle years of the plant's history (to date). Describes training procedures and the production process for drugs such as streptomycin; (also mentions vitamin B-1, B-12, and chicken feed drugs such as nicarbazine and sulfaquinoxaline). Refers to packaging and sterilization of drugs and process of batch operations. Mentions communication within the plant; safety/accident quality control measures and health care; company housing; community relations and outside activities. Recalls employer-employee relations and employment practices (wages, benefits status of minorities and women); shift work; and the strike of 1984. Talks about impact of WWII on plant, employees and area (blackouts, draft). Mentions competition from international production (ex. Egypt plant), and impact of machinery taking place of workers. Recorded at the home of Mr. Olin Norman Leake of Harrisonburg, Va. on July 12, 1990.","This interview records the viewpoints of Mr. Barry Jay Ream, employed since 1970 and now a manufacturing area head at the Stonewall Plant at Elkton, Va., a manufacturing plant of the pharmaceutical corporation, Merck \u0026 Co. He describes various aspects of work; the impact of the plant on the community and company, and events and changes which impacted on the plant, its employees, and local area. Expresses viewpoints from the perspective of an employee who is currently employed and who has knowledge of the plant's present status and insight into its possible future. Discusses various personnel related issues including changes in employer-employee relations, employment practices (wages, benefits, women), labor relations and the strike of 1984, and descriptions of job responsibilities and key positions. Refers to two fairly new divisions of the company (MPMD and MCMD). Mentions the fermentation (microbiological) process and production of vitamin B-12, Mevacor, Primaxin and Carbidoba. Also mentions several accidents and the use of benzene, now known as a carcinogen. Discusses various technological changes; those made by Roy Vagelos; importance of environmental issues; and the growth of generic drugs. Talks about changing management practices resulting in competition between plants with possible plant closing (Cherokee Plant), decentralization versus centralization, and importance of research and international divisions (ex. England and Puerto Rico plants). Mentions relations with the area, in particular, Elkton; also flood of 1985. Recorded at the home of Barry Jay Ream of Elkton, Va. on July 18, 1990.","Copyright interests for the interviews in this collection have been transferred to James Madison University Special Collections. Copyright status for other collection materials is unknown. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for determining copyright status and obtaining permissions for use rests solely with the user.","Provision of copies of materials in this collection in does not imply permission to utilize materials in excess of fair use. The researcher is solely responsible for determining the copyright status of materials and, if necessary, obtaining permission to use material from the copyright holder.","The copyright interests for this interview have been transferred to James Madison University Special Collections. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for determining copyright status and obtaining permissions for use rests solely with the user. Please contact Special Collections staff at library-special@jmu.edu for additional information.","The copyright interests for this interview have been transferred to James Madison University Special Collections. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for determining copyright status and obtaining permissions for use rests solely with the user. Please contact Special Collections staff at library-special@jmu.edu for additional information.","Collection is an oral history project comprised of a background paper and three audio recordings with corresponding transcripts of interviews conducted in July 1990 by Laura Oakes with former and current employees of the Merck and Co., Inc. pharmaceutical manufacturing plant located in Elkton, Virginia, known as the Stonewall Plant.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Oakes, Laura","Reeke, George Elliott, 1917-2001","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Drugs in the valley: fifty years of Merck and Co. oral history collection, 1990"],"collection_ssim":["Drugs in the valley: fifty years of Merck and Co. oral history collection, 1990"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SdArch 0003","/repositories/4/resources/591"],"unitid_tesim":["SdArch 0003","/repositories/4/resources/591"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"geogname_ssm":["Rockingham County (Va.) -- History","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Economic conditions","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Economic conditions -- Sources"],"geogname_ssim":["Rockingham County (Va.) -- History","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Economic conditions","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Economic conditions -- Sources"],"places_ssim":["Rockingham County (Va.) -- History","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Economic conditions","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Economic conditions -- Sources"],"creator_ssm":["Oakes, Laura","Oakes, Laura"],"creator_ssim":["Oakes, Laura","Oakes, Laura"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Oakes, Laura","Reeke, George Elliott, 1917-2001"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections"],"creators_ssim":["Oakes, Laura","Reeke, George Elliott, 1917-2001","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections"],"access_terms_ssm":["Copyright interests for the interviews in this collection have been transferred to James Madison University Special Collections. Copyright status for other collection materials is unknown. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for determining copyright status and obtaining permissions for use rests solely with the user."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Interviews and collection materials were donated to Special Collections in 1990 by Laura Oakes."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Pharmaceutical industry -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History","Pharmaceutical industry employees","Industrial relations -- Virginia -- Elkton","World War, 1939-1945 -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Industries -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Industries -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Sources","oral histories (literary works)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Pharmaceutical industry -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History","Pharmaceutical industry employees","Industrial relations -- Virginia -- Elkton","World War, 1939-1945 -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Industries -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Industries -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Sources","oral histories (literary works)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.25 cubic feet 4 folders and 4 original sound cassettes"],"extent_tesim":["0.25 cubic feet 4 folders and 4 original sound cassettes"],"physfacet_tesim":["(Reformatted access copies"],"dimensions_tesim":["3 digitized audio recordings)"],"genreform_ssim":["oral histories (literary works)"],"date_range_isim":[1990],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAccess to oral history interviews is governed by agreements with the narrators. All interviews in this collection are open for research without restriction. \nResearchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Special Collections staff at \u003ca href=\"mailto:library-special@jmu.edu\"\u003elibrary-special@jmu.edu\u003c/a\u003e before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eResearchers may request these materials via a digitization request to receive electronic delivery of access copies. Contact \u003ca href=\"mailto:library-special@jmu.edu\"\u003elibrary-special@jmu.edu\u003c/a\u003e with questions about requesting digital access copies.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAccess to original or duplicating copies of physical media is restricted. Researchers must consult digital access copies; if none exist researchers may request that digital access copies be made. Contact \u003ca href=\"mailto:library-special@jmu.edu\"\u003elibrary-special@jmu.edu\u003c/a\u003e to request digitization.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAccess to original or duplicating copies of physical media is restricted. Researchers must consult digital access copies; if none exist researchers may request that digital access copies be made. Contact \u003ca href=\"mailto:library-special@jmu.edu\"\u003elibrary-special@jmu.edu\u003c/a\u003e to request digitization.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAccess to original or duplicating copies of physical media is restricted. Researchers must consult digital access copies; if none exist researchers may request that digital access copies be made. Contact \u003ca href=\"mailto:library-special@jmu.edu\"\u003elibrary-special@jmu.edu\u003c/a\u003e to request digitization.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAccess to original or duplicating copies of physical media is restricted. Researchers must consult digital access copies; if none exist researchers may request that digital access copies be made. Contact \u003ca href=\"mailto:library-special@jmu.edu\"\u003elibrary-special@jmu.edu\u003c/a\u003e to request digitization.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInterview is open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Special Collections staff at library-special@jmu.edu before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInterview is open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Special Collections staff at library-special@jmu.edu before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Access Restrictions","Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Access to oral history interviews is governed by agreements with the narrators. All interviews in this collection are open for research without restriction. \nResearchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Special Collections staff at library-special@jmu.edu before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","Researchers may request these materials via a digitization request to receive electronic delivery of access copies. Contact library-special@jmu.edu with questions about requesting digital access copies.","Access to original or duplicating copies of physical media is restricted. Researchers must consult digital access copies; if none exist researchers may request that digital access copies be made. Contact library-special@jmu.edu to request digitization.","Access to original or duplicating copies of physical media is restricted. Researchers must consult digital access copies; if none exist researchers may request that digital access copies be made. Contact library-special@jmu.edu to request digitization.","Access to original or duplicating copies of physical media is restricted. Researchers must consult digital access copies; if none exist researchers may request that digital access copies be made. Contact library-special@jmu.edu to request digitization.","Access to original or duplicating copies of physical media is restricted. Researchers must consult digital access copies; if none exist researchers may request that digital access copies be made. Contact library-special@jmu.edu to request digitization.","Interview is open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Special Collections staff at library-special@jmu.edu before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","Interview is open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Special Collections staff at library-special@jmu.edu before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA bound volume that comprises copies of the transcripts of each interview in this collection as well as a copy of the project background paper and any related materials is cataloged as a monograph and is available as part of the Libraries' circulating collection under the title, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eDrugs in the Valley : fifty years of Merck and Co., Inc., 1941-1991. Part of an oral history project\u003c/emph\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Existence and Location of Copies"],"altformavail_tesim":["A bound volume that comprises copies of the transcripts of each interview in this collection as well as a copy of the project background paper and any related materials is cataloged as a monograph and is available as part of the Libraries' circulating collection under the title, Drugs in the Valley : fifty years of Merck and Co., Inc., 1941-1991. Part of an oral history project."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOral history interviews that make up this collection were conducted in July 1990 by JMU undergraduate student Laura Oakes, as part of an oral history summer internship in Special Collections. The background paper and the three interviews in this collection formed the basis for the bachelor honors thesis titled \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eDrugs in the Valley: the history of the Stonewall Plant of Merck and Company, Inc., 1941-1991\u003c/emph\u003e, as well as the monograph titled \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eStonewall: the realization of a vision, 1941-1991\u003c/emph\u003e, both published in 1991 and authored by Oakes. Copies of both of these related titles form part of Special Collections' rare book holdings.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Oral history interviews that make up this collection were conducted in July 1990 by JMU undergraduate student Laura Oakes, as part of an oral history summer internship in Special Collections. The background paper and the three interviews in this collection formed the basis for the bachelor honors thesis titled Drugs in the Valley: the history of the Stonewall Plant of Merck and Company, Inc., 1941-1991, as well as the monograph titled Stonewall: the realization of a vision, 1941-1991, both published in 1991 and authored by Oakes. Copies of both of these related titles form part of Special Collections' rare book holdings."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item/interview], [date of item/interview], Drugs in the valley: fifty years of Merck and Co. oral history collection, SdArch 0003, Special Collections, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item/interview], [date of item/interview], Drugs in the valley: fifty years of Merck and Co. oral history collection, SdArch 0003, Special Collections, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn 2008, Libraries' staff in the media resources department reformatted the contents of the original audio cassettes in this collection, using a Tascam CC-222MKII CD recorder / cassette combination deck to transfer digitized m4a and mp3 files onto MAM-A Gold Archival 700MB CD-Rs to serve as both access copies and preservation storage.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 2018, the digital archivist in Special Collections completed a large-scale project to transfer reformatted born-digital files stored on gold CDs off of the physical media and into access and preservation storage environments on Libraries servers. As part of this project, the digital archivist also combined audio files when appropriate for interviews that were originally recorded across multiple pieces of physical media or on different sides of a single piece of media, and applied a new file naming convention constructed from the oral history collection identifer and a component unique identifer used to differentiate among interviews at the file level in the archival description. The archivist saved these newly combined interview files in .wav file format for preservation storage, and also created derivative access file copies in .mp3 file format.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 2025, as part of an oral history redescription project, archivists corrected errors in file names for audio files in this collection to align with existing file naming conventions for digitized Special Collections materials, and to ensure that all component unique identifiers used within file names for digital surrogates matched the identifiers employed in the corresponding archival description.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["In 2008, Libraries' staff in the media resources department reformatted the contents of the original audio cassettes in this collection, using a Tascam CC-222MKII CD recorder / cassette combination deck to transfer digitized m4a and mp3 files onto MAM-A Gold Archival 700MB CD-Rs to serve as both access copies and preservation storage.","In 2018, the digital archivist in Special Collections completed a large-scale project to transfer reformatted born-digital files stored on gold CDs off of the physical media and into access and preservation storage environments on Libraries servers. As part of this project, the digital archivist also combined audio files when appropriate for interviews that were originally recorded across multiple pieces of physical media or on different sides of a single piece of media, and applied a new file naming convention constructed from the oral history collection identifer and a component unique identifer used to differentiate among interviews at the file level in the archival description. The archivist saved these newly combined interview files in .wav file format for preservation storage, and also created derivative access file copies in .mp3 file format.","In 2025, as part of an oral history redescription project, archivists corrected errors in file names for audio files in this collection to align with existing file naming conventions for digitized Special Collections materials, and to ensure that all component unique identifiers used within file names for digital surrogates matched the identifiers employed in the corresponding archival description."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is comprised of a background paper and three audio recordings with corresponding transcripts of oral history interviews conducted in July 1990 with individuals who had worked at the Merck and Co., Inc. pharmaceutical manufacturing plant located in Elkton, Virginia known as the Stonewall Plant.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe background paper provides contextual information around the genesis of the oral history project and outlines the project purpose as intending to record the experiences of plant employees to understand the impact of Elkton, Virginia plant operations on individuals and communities in the Shenandoah Valley and beyond. The background paper includes a brief chronological history of the growth and development of the pharmaceutical corporation, Merck and Co., Inc. with focus on the history of the Stonewall Plant.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInterviews in this collection record the recollections of three individuals who worked at the Stonewall plant in different capacities, and who were selected for participation in the project to reflect a variety of viewpoints. A summary of each interview is included in a scope and contents note for each individual interview.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eThis background paper records a brief chronological history of the growth and development of the pharmaceutical corporation, Merck and Co., Inc. and in particular, one of its manufacturing plants, the Stonewall Plant at Elkton, Virginia in the Shenandoah Valley. The paper traces the history of the Merck family and its association with pharmaceutical businesses beginning in 17th century Germany to expansion in the U.S. in 1891 where it became an independent entity in 1908. Mentions various family names, including George W. Merck; refers to plant sites including Rahway, New Jersey and specifically the Stonewall Plant at Elkton. Gives background information on the selection of the Virginia site, its 1941 founding and growth, along with mention of the 1977 plant built by Merck, Sharp and Dohme. Explains the purpose of the oral history series in recording the reminiscences of Stonewall plant employees to determine the impact of the plant on the area and the company as a whole, and also the events, etc. in the local community, company and world upon the plant, its employees, and local area. Three employees were chosen to reflect varying viewpoints. They were: G. Elliot Reeke, 39-yr. retired employee (maintenance engineer manager), present from the plant's founding; Olin N. Leake, 38-yr. retired hourly employee (chemical operator), present during the plant's middle and growth years; and Barry Ream, 20-year current employee (administrative manufacturing area head).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview records the recollections of Mr. George Elliot Reeke who was a maintenance engineer from 1941-1980 at the Stonewall Plant at Elkton, VA., a manufacturing plant of the pharmaceutical corporation, Merck \u0026amp; Co. Reeke describes various aspects of work; the impact of the plant on the community and company, and events and changes which impacted on the plant, its employees and local area. Expresses viewpoints from the perspective of an employee who was present at the founding of the plant through its building years. Mentions the building of the plant and its physical layout; descriptions of jobs and key personnel; employment practices (wages, benefits, status of minorities and women); administrative research and production activities (ex. riboflavin process, thiamin, streptomycin, penicillin, atabrin, various vitamins); employer-employee relations; outside activities (clubs, etc.); communication within the plant, safety/quality control measures and health care; transportation of raw materials; company housing; community relations and economic impact; environmental impact (fish kill in the Shenandoah River); and the impact of WWII on the plant, employees and community. Recorded at the home of Mr. George Elliot Reeke of Harrisonburg, VA. on July 3, 1990.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes digitized access copies of interview recording and interview transcript.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview records the recollections of Mr. Olin Norman Leake who was a chemical operator from 1948-1986 at the Stonewall Plant at Elkton, Va., a manufacturing plant of the pharmaceutical corporation, Merck \u0026amp; Co. He describes various aspects of work; the impact of the plant on the community and company, and events and changes which impacted on the plant, its employees, and local area. Expresses viewpoints from the perspective of an employee who was present during the middle years of the plant's history (to date). Describes training procedures and the production process for drugs such as streptomycin; (also mentions vitamin B-1, B-12, and chicken feed drugs such as nicarbazine and sulfaquinoxaline). Refers to packaging and sterilization of drugs and process of batch operations. Mentions communication within the plant; safety/accident quality control measures and health care; company housing; community relations and outside activities. Recalls employer-employee relations and employment practices (wages, benefits status of minorities and women); shift work; and the strike of 1984. Talks about impact of WWII on plant, employees and area (blackouts, draft). Mentions competition from international production (ex. Egypt plant), and impact of machinery taking place of workers. Recorded at the home of Mr. Olin Norman Leake of Harrisonburg, Va. on July 12, 1990.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview records the viewpoints of Mr. Barry Jay Ream, employed since 1970 and now a manufacturing area head at the Stonewall Plant at Elkton, Va., a manufacturing plant of the pharmaceutical corporation, Merck \u0026amp; Co. He describes various aspects of work; the impact of the plant on the community and company, and events and changes which impacted on the plant, its employees, and local area. Expresses viewpoints from the perspective of an employee who is currently employed and who has knowledge of the plant's present status and insight into its possible future. Discusses various personnel related issues including changes in employer-employee relations, employment practices (wages, benefits, women), labor relations and the strike of 1984, and descriptions of job responsibilities and key positions. Refers to two fairly new divisions of the company (MPMD and MCMD). Mentions the fermentation (microbiological) process and production of vitamin B-12, Mevacor, Primaxin and Carbidoba. Also mentions several accidents and the use of benzene, now known as a carcinogen. Discusses various technological changes; those made by Roy Vagelos; importance of environmental issues; and the growth of generic drugs. Talks about changing management practices resulting in competition between plants with possible plant closing (Cherokee Plant), decentralization versus centralization, and importance of research and international divisions (ex. England and Puerto Rico plants). Mentions relations with the area, in particular, Elkton; also flood of 1985. Recorded at the home of Barry Jay Ream of Elkton, Va. on July 18, 1990.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection is comprised of a background paper and three audio recordings with corresponding transcripts of oral history interviews conducted in July 1990 with individuals who had worked at the Merck and Co., Inc. pharmaceutical manufacturing plant located in Elkton, Virginia known as the Stonewall Plant.","The background paper provides contextual information around the genesis of the oral history project and outlines the project purpose as intending to record the experiences of plant employees to understand the impact of Elkton, Virginia plant operations on individuals and communities in the Shenandoah Valley and beyond. The background paper includes a brief chronological history of the growth and development of the pharmaceutical corporation, Merck and Co., Inc. with focus on the history of the Stonewall Plant.","Interviews in this collection record the recollections of three individuals who worked at the Stonewall plant in different capacities, and who were selected for participation in the project to reflect a variety of viewpoints. A summary of each interview is included in a scope and contents note for each individual interview.","This background paper records a brief chronological history of the growth and development of the pharmaceutical corporation, Merck and Co., Inc. and in particular, one of its manufacturing plants, the Stonewall Plant at Elkton, Virginia in the Shenandoah Valley. The paper traces the history of the Merck family and its association with pharmaceutical businesses beginning in 17th century Germany to expansion in the U.S. in 1891 where it became an independent entity in 1908. Mentions various family names, including George W. Merck; refers to plant sites including Rahway, New Jersey and specifically the Stonewall Plant at Elkton. Gives background information on the selection of the Virginia site, its 1941 founding and growth, along with mention of the 1977 plant built by Merck, Sharp and Dohme. Explains the purpose of the oral history series in recording the reminiscences of Stonewall plant employees to determine the impact of the plant on the area and the company as a whole, and also the events, etc. in the local community, company and world upon the plant, its employees, and local area. Three employees were chosen to reflect varying viewpoints. They were: G. Elliot Reeke, 39-yr. retired employee (maintenance engineer manager), present from the plant's founding; Olin N. Leake, 38-yr. retired hourly employee (chemical operator), present during the plant's middle and growth years; and Barry Ream, 20-year current employee (administrative manufacturing area head).","This interview records the recollections of Mr. George Elliot Reeke who was a maintenance engineer from 1941-1980 at the Stonewall Plant at Elkton, VA., a manufacturing plant of the pharmaceutical corporation, Merck \u0026 Co. Reeke describes various aspects of work; the impact of the plant on the community and company, and events and changes which impacted on the plant, its employees and local area. Expresses viewpoints from the perspective of an employee who was present at the founding of the plant through its building years. Mentions the building of the plant and its physical layout; descriptions of jobs and key personnel; employment practices (wages, benefits, status of minorities and women); administrative research and production activities (ex. riboflavin process, thiamin, streptomycin, penicillin, atabrin, various vitamins); employer-employee relations; outside activities (clubs, etc.); communication within the plant, safety/quality control measures and health care; transportation of raw materials; company housing; community relations and economic impact; environmental impact (fish kill in the Shenandoah River); and the impact of WWII on the plant, employees and community. Recorded at the home of Mr. George Elliot Reeke of Harrisonburg, VA. on July 3, 1990.","Includes digitized access copies of interview recording and interview transcript.","This interview records the recollections of Mr. Olin Norman Leake who was a chemical operator from 1948-1986 at the Stonewall Plant at Elkton, Va., a manufacturing plant of the pharmaceutical corporation, Merck \u0026 Co. He describes various aspects of work; the impact of the plant on the community and company, and events and changes which impacted on the plant, its employees, and local area. Expresses viewpoints from the perspective of an employee who was present during the middle years of the plant's history (to date). Describes training procedures and the production process for drugs such as streptomycin; (also mentions vitamin B-1, B-12, and chicken feed drugs such as nicarbazine and sulfaquinoxaline). Refers to packaging and sterilization of drugs and process of batch operations. Mentions communication within the plant; safety/accident quality control measures and health care; company housing; community relations and outside activities. Recalls employer-employee relations and employment practices (wages, benefits status of minorities and women); shift work; and the strike of 1984. Talks about impact of WWII on plant, employees and area (blackouts, draft). Mentions competition from international production (ex. Egypt plant), and impact of machinery taking place of workers. Recorded at the home of Mr. Olin Norman Leake of Harrisonburg, Va. on July 12, 1990.","This interview records the viewpoints of Mr. Barry Jay Ream, employed since 1970 and now a manufacturing area head at the Stonewall Plant at Elkton, Va., a manufacturing plant of the pharmaceutical corporation, Merck \u0026 Co. He describes various aspects of work; the impact of the plant on the community and company, and events and changes which impacted on the plant, its employees, and local area. Expresses viewpoints from the perspective of an employee who is currently employed and who has knowledge of the plant's present status and insight into its possible future. Discusses various personnel related issues including changes in employer-employee relations, employment practices (wages, benefits, women), labor relations and the strike of 1984, and descriptions of job responsibilities and key positions. Refers to two fairly new divisions of the company (MPMD and MCMD). Mentions the fermentation (microbiological) process and production of vitamin B-12, Mevacor, Primaxin and Carbidoba. Also mentions several accidents and the use of benzene, now known as a carcinogen. Discusses various technological changes; those made by Roy Vagelos; importance of environmental issues; and the growth of generic drugs. Talks about changing management practices resulting in competition between plants with possible plant closing (Cherokee Plant), decentralization versus centralization, and importance of research and international divisions (ex. England and Puerto Rico plants). Mentions relations with the area, in particular, Elkton; also flood of 1985. Recorded at the home of Barry Jay Ream of Elkton, Va. on July 18, 1990."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCopyright interests for the interviews in this collection have been transferred to James Madison University Special Collections. Copyright status for other collection materials is unknown. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for determining copyright status and obtaining permissions for use rests solely with the user.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eProvision of copies of materials in this collection in does not imply permission to utilize materials in excess of fair use. The researcher is solely responsible for determining the copyright status of materials and, if necessary, obtaining permission to use material from the copyright holder.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests for this interview have been transferred to James Madison University Special Collections. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for determining copyright status and obtaining permissions for use rests solely with the user. Please contact Special Collections staff at library-special@jmu.edu for additional information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests for this interview have been transferred to James Madison University Special Collections. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for determining copyright status and obtaining permissions for use rests solely with the user. Please contact Special Collections staff at library-special@jmu.edu for additional information.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use","Conditions Governing Use","Use Restrictions","Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Copyright interests for the interviews in this collection have been transferred to James Madison University Special Collections. Copyright status for other collection materials is unknown. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for determining copyright status and obtaining permissions for use rests solely with the user.","Provision of copies of materials in this collection in does not imply permission to utilize materials in excess of fair use. The researcher is solely responsible for determining the copyright status of materials and, if necessary, obtaining permission to use material from the copyright holder.","The copyright interests for this interview have been transferred to James Madison University Special Collections. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for determining copyright status and obtaining permissions for use rests solely with the user. Please contact Special Collections staff at library-special@jmu.edu for additional information.","The copyright interests for this interview have been transferred to James Madison University Special Collections. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for determining copyright status and obtaining permissions for use rests solely with the user. Please contact Special Collections staff at library-special@jmu.edu for additional information."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_89725098e80501a234003dc98e2ab1c8\"\u003eCollection is an oral history project comprised of a background paper and three audio recordings with corresponding transcripts of interviews conducted in July 1990 by Laura Oakes with former and current employees of the Merck and Co., Inc. pharmaceutical manufacturing plant located in Elkton, Virginia, known as the Stonewall Plant.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["Collection is an oral history project comprised of a background paper and three audio recordings with corresponding transcripts of interviews conducted in July 1990 by Laura Oakes with former and current employees of the Merck and Co., Inc. pharmaceutical manufacturing plant located in Elkton, Virginia, known as the Stonewall Plant."],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections"],"persname_ssim":["Oakes, Laura","Reeke, George Elliott, 1917-2001"],"names_coll_ssim":["Oakes, Laura"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Oakes, Laura","Reeke, George Elliott, 1917-2001"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":12,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:57:53.919Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_591","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_591","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_591","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_591","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_591.xml","title_ssm":["Drugs in the valley: fifty years of Merck and Co. oral history collection"],"title_tesim":["Drugs in the valley: fifty years of Merck and Co. oral history collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1990"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1990"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1990"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Drugs in the valley: fifty years of Merck and Co. oral history collection, 1990"],"text":["Drugs in the valley: fifty years of Merck and Co. oral history collection, 1990","SdArch 0003","/repositories/4/resources/591","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Economic conditions","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Economic conditions -- Sources","Pharmaceutical industry -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History","Pharmaceutical industry employees","Industrial relations -- Virginia -- Elkton","World War, 1939-1945 -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Industries -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Industries -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Sources","oral histories (literary works)","Access to oral history interviews is governed by agreements with the narrators. All interviews in this collection are open for research without restriction. \nResearchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Special Collections staff at library-special@jmu.edu before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","Researchers may request these materials via a digitization request to receive electronic delivery of access copies. Contact library-special@jmu.edu with questions about requesting digital access copies.","Access to original or duplicating copies of physical media is restricted. Researchers must consult digital access copies; if none exist researchers may request that digital access copies be made. Contact library-special@jmu.edu to request digitization.","Access to original or duplicating copies of physical media is restricted. Researchers must consult digital access copies; if none exist researchers may request that digital access copies be made. Contact library-special@jmu.edu to request digitization.","Access to original or duplicating copies of physical media is restricted. Researchers must consult digital access copies; if none exist researchers may request that digital access copies be made. Contact library-special@jmu.edu to request digitization.","Access to original or duplicating copies of physical media is restricted. Researchers must consult digital access copies; if none exist researchers may request that digital access copies be made. Contact library-special@jmu.edu to request digitization.","Interview is open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Special Collections staff at library-special@jmu.edu before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","Interview is open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Special Collections staff at library-special@jmu.edu before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","A bound volume that comprises copies of the transcripts of each interview in this collection as well as a copy of the project background paper and any related materials is cataloged as a monograph and is available as part of the Libraries' circulating collection under the title, Drugs in the Valley : fifty years of Merck and Co., Inc., 1941-1991. Part of an oral history project.","Oral history interviews that make up this collection were conducted in July 1990 by JMU undergraduate student Laura Oakes, as part of an oral history summer internship in Special Collections. The background paper and the three interviews in this collection formed the basis for the bachelor honors thesis titled Drugs in the Valley: the history of the Stonewall Plant of Merck and Company, Inc., 1941-1991, as well as the monograph titled Stonewall: the realization of a vision, 1941-1991, both published in 1991 and authored by Oakes. Copies of both of these related titles form part of Special Collections' rare book holdings.","In 2008, Libraries' staff in the media resources department reformatted the contents of the original audio cassettes in this collection, using a Tascam CC-222MKII CD recorder / cassette combination deck to transfer digitized m4a and mp3 files onto MAM-A Gold Archival 700MB CD-Rs to serve as both access copies and preservation storage.","In 2018, the digital archivist in Special Collections completed a large-scale project to transfer reformatted born-digital files stored on gold CDs off of the physical media and into access and preservation storage environments on Libraries servers. As part of this project, the digital archivist also combined audio files when appropriate for interviews that were originally recorded across multiple pieces of physical media or on different sides of a single piece of media, and applied a new file naming convention constructed from the oral history collection identifer and a component unique identifer used to differentiate among interviews at the file level in the archival description. The archivist saved these newly combined interview files in .wav file format for preservation storage, and also created derivative access file copies in .mp3 file format.","In 2025, as part of an oral history redescription project, archivists corrected errors in file names for audio files in this collection to align with existing file naming conventions for digitized Special Collections materials, and to ensure that all component unique identifiers used within file names for digital surrogates matched the identifiers employed in the corresponding archival description.","This collection is comprised of a background paper and three audio recordings with corresponding transcripts of oral history interviews conducted in July 1990 with individuals who had worked at the Merck and Co., Inc. pharmaceutical manufacturing plant located in Elkton, Virginia known as the Stonewall Plant.","The background paper provides contextual information around the genesis of the oral history project and outlines the project purpose as intending to record the experiences of plant employees to understand the impact of Elkton, Virginia plant operations on individuals and communities in the Shenandoah Valley and beyond. The background paper includes a brief chronological history of the growth and development of the pharmaceutical corporation, Merck and Co., Inc. with focus on the history of the Stonewall Plant.","Interviews in this collection record the recollections of three individuals who worked at the Stonewall plant in different capacities, and who were selected for participation in the project to reflect a variety of viewpoints. A summary of each interview is included in a scope and contents note for each individual interview.","This background paper records a brief chronological history of the growth and development of the pharmaceutical corporation, Merck and Co., Inc. and in particular, one of its manufacturing plants, the Stonewall Plant at Elkton, Virginia in the Shenandoah Valley. The paper traces the history of the Merck family and its association with pharmaceutical businesses beginning in 17th century Germany to expansion in the U.S. in 1891 where it became an independent entity in 1908. Mentions various family names, including George W. Merck; refers to plant sites including Rahway, New Jersey and specifically the Stonewall Plant at Elkton. Gives background information on the selection of the Virginia site, its 1941 founding and growth, along with mention of the 1977 plant built by Merck, Sharp and Dohme. Explains the purpose of the oral history series in recording the reminiscences of Stonewall plant employees to determine the impact of the plant on the area and the company as a whole, and also the events, etc. in the local community, company and world upon the plant, its employees, and local area. Three employees were chosen to reflect varying viewpoints. They were: G. Elliot Reeke, 39-yr. retired employee (maintenance engineer manager), present from the plant's founding; Olin N. Leake, 38-yr. retired hourly employee (chemical operator), present during the plant's middle and growth years; and Barry Ream, 20-year current employee (administrative manufacturing area head).","This interview records the recollections of Mr. George Elliot Reeke who was a maintenance engineer from 1941-1980 at the Stonewall Plant at Elkton, VA., a manufacturing plant of the pharmaceutical corporation, Merck \u0026 Co. Reeke describes various aspects of work; the impact of the plant on the community and company, and events and changes which impacted on the plant, its employees and local area. Expresses viewpoints from the perspective of an employee who was present at the founding of the plant through its building years. Mentions the building of the plant and its physical layout; descriptions of jobs and key personnel; employment practices (wages, benefits, status of minorities and women); administrative research and production activities (ex. riboflavin process, thiamin, streptomycin, penicillin, atabrin, various vitamins); employer-employee relations; outside activities (clubs, etc.); communication within the plant, safety/quality control measures and health care; transportation of raw materials; company housing; community relations and economic impact; environmental impact (fish kill in the Shenandoah River); and the impact of WWII on the plant, employees and community. Recorded at the home of Mr. George Elliot Reeke of Harrisonburg, VA. on July 3, 1990.","Includes digitized access copies of interview recording and interview transcript.","This interview records the recollections of Mr. Olin Norman Leake who was a chemical operator from 1948-1986 at the Stonewall Plant at Elkton, Va., a manufacturing plant of the pharmaceutical corporation, Merck \u0026 Co. He describes various aspects of work; the impact of the plant on the community and company, and events and changes which impacted on the plant, its employees, and local area. Expresses viewpoints from the perspective of an employee who was present during the middle years of the plant's history (to date). Describes training procedures and the production process for drugs such as streptomycin; (also mentions vitamin B-1, B-12, and chicken feed drugs such as nicarbazine and sulfaquinoxaline). Refers to packaging and sterilization of drugs and process of batch operations. Mentions communication within the plant; safety/accident quality control measures and health care; company housing; community relations and outside activities. Recalls employer-employee relations and employment practices (wages, benefits status of minorities and women); shift work; and the strike of 1984. Talks about impact of WWII on plant, employees and area (blackouts, draft). Mentions competition from international production (ex. Egypt plant), and impact of machinery taking place of workers. Recorded at the home of Mr. Olin Norman Leake of Harrisonburg, Va. on July 12, 1990.","This interview records the viewpoints of Mr. Barry Jay Ream, employed since 1970 and now a manufacturing area head at the Stonewall Plant at Elkton, Va., a manufacturing plant of the pharmaceutical corporation, Merck \u0026 Co. He describes various aspects of work; the impact of the plant on the community and company, and events and changes which impacted on the plant, its employees, and local area. Expresses viewpoints from the perspective of an employee who is currently employed and who has knowledge of the plant's present status and insight into its possible future. Discusses various personnel related issues including changes in employer-employee relations, employment practices (wages, benefits, women), labor relations and the strike of 1984, and descriptions of job responsibilities and key positions. Refers to two fairly new divisions of the company (MPMD and MCMD). Mentions the fermentation (microbiological) process and production of vitamin B-12, Mevacor, Primaxin and Carbidoba. Also mentions several accidents and the use of benzene, now known as a carcinogen. Discusses various technological changes; those made by Roy Vagelos; importance of environmental issues; and the growth of generic drugs. Talks about changing management practices resulting in competition between plants with possible plant closing (Cherokee Plant), decentralization versus centralization, and importance of research and international divisions (ex. England and Puerto Rico plants). Mentions relations with the area, in particular, Elkton; also flood of 1985. Recorded at the home of Barry Jay Ream of Elkton, Va. on July 18, 1990.","Copyright interests for the interviews in this collection have been transferred to James Madison University Special Collections. Copyright status for other collection materials is unknown. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for determining copyright status and obtaining permissions for use rests solely with the user.","Provision of copies of materials in this collection in does not imply permission to utilize materials in excess of fair use. The researcher is solely responsible for determining the copyright status of materials and, if necessary, obtaining permission to use material from the copyright holder.","The copyright interests for this interview have been transferred to James Madison University Special Collections. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for determining copyright status and obtaining permissions for use rests solely with the user. Please contact Special Collections staff at library-special@jmu.edu for additional information.","The copyright interests for this interview have been transferred to James Madison University Special Collections. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for determining copyright status and obtaining permissions for use rests solely with the user. Please contact Special Collections staff at library-special@jmu.edu for additional information.","Collection is an oral history project comprised of a background paper and three audio recordings with corresponding transcripts of interviews conducted in July 1990 by Laura Oakes with former and current employees of the Merck and Co., Inc. pharmaceutical manufacturing plant located in Elkton, Virginia, known as the Stonewall Plant.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Oakes, Laura","Reeke, George Elliott, 1917-2001","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Drugs in the valley: fifty years of Merck and Co. oral history collection, 1990"],"collection_ssim":["Drugs in the valley: fifty years of Merck and Co. oral history collection, 1990"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SdArch 0003","/repositories/4/resources/591"],"unitid_tesim":["SdArch 0003","/repositories/4/resources/591"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"geogname_ssm":["Rockingham County (Va.) -- History","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Economic conditions","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Economic conditions -- Sources"],"geogname_ssim":["Rockingham County (Va.) -- History","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Economic conditions","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Economic conditions -- Sources"],"places_ssim":["Rockingham County (Va.) -- History","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Economic conditions","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Economic conditions -- Sources"],"creator_ssm":["Oakes, Laura","Oakes, Laura"],"creator_ssim":["Oakes, Laura","Oakes, Laura"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Oakes, Laura","Reeke, George Elliott, 1917-2001"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections"],"creators_ssim":["Oakes, Laura","Reeke, George Elliott, 1917-2001","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections"],"access_terms_ssm":["Copyright interests for the interviews in this collection have been transferred to James Madison University Special Collections. Copyright status for other collection materials is unknown. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for determining copyright status and obtaining permissions for use rests solely with the user."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Interviews and collection materials were donated to Special Collections in 1990 by Laura Oakes."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Pharmaceutical industry -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History","Pharmaceutical industry employees","Industrial relations -- Virginia -- Elkton","World War, 1939-1945 -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Industries -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Industries -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Sources","oral histories (literary works)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Pharmaceutical industry -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History","Pharmaceutical industry employees","Industrial relations -- Virginia -- Elkton","World War, 1939-1945 -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Industries -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Industries -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Sources","oral histories (literary works)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.25 cubic feet 4 folders and 4 original sound cassettes"],"extent_tesim":["0.25 cubic feet 4 folders and 4 original sound cassettes"],"physfacet_tesim":["(Reformatted access copies"],"dimensions_tesim":["3 digitized audio recordings)"],"genreform_ssim":["oral histories (literary works)"],"date_range_isim":[1990],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAccess to oral history interviews is governed by agreements with the narrators. All interviews in this collection are open for research without restriction. \nResearchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Special Collections staff at \u003ca href=\"mailto:library-special@jmu.edu\"\u003elibrary-special@jmu.edu\u003c/a\u003e before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eResearchers may request these materials via a digitization request to receive electronic delivery of access copies. Contact \u003ca href=\"mailto:library-special@jmu.edu\"\u003elibrary-special@jmu.edu\u003c/a\u003e with questions about requesting digital access copies.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAccess to original or duplicating copies of physical media is restricted. Researchers must consult digital access copies; if none exist researchers may request that digital access copies be made. Contact \u003ca href=\"mailto:library-special@jmu.edu\"\u003elibrary-special@jmu.edu\u003c/a\u003e to request digitization.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAccess to original or duplicating copies of physical media is restricted. Researchers must consult digital access copies; if none exist researchers may request that digital access copies be made. Contact \u003ca href=\"mailto:library-special@jmu.edu\"\u003elibrary-special@jmu.edu\u003c/a\u003e to request digitization.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAccess to original or duplicating copies of physical media is restricted. Researchers must consult digital access copies; if none exist researchers may request that digital access copies be made. Contact \u003ca href=\"mailto:library-special@jmu.edu\"\u003elibrary-special@jmu.edu\u003c/a\u003e to request digitization.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAccess to original or duplicating copies of physical media is restricted. Researchers must consult digital access copies; if none exist researchers may request that digital access copies be made. Contact \u003ca href=\"mailto:library-special@jmu.edu\"\u003elibrary-special@jmu.edu\u003c/a\u003e to request digitization.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInterview is open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Special Collections staff at library-special@jmu.edu before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInterview is open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Special Collections staff at library-special@jmu.edu before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Access Restrictions","Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Access to oral history interviews is governed by agreements with the narrators. All interviews in this collection are open for research without restriction. \nResearchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Special Collections staff at library-special@jmu.edu before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","Researchers may request these materials via a digitization request to receive electronic delivery of access copies. Contact library-special@jmu.edu with questions about requesting digital access copies.","Access to original or duplicating copies of physical media is restricted. Researchers must consult digital access copies; if none exist researchers may request that digital access copies be made. Contact library-special@jmu.edu to request digitization.","Access to original or duplicating copies of physical media is restricted. Researchers must consult digital access copies; if none exist researchers may request that digital access copies be made. Contact library-special@jmu.edu to request digitization.","Access to original or duplicating copies of physical media is restricted. Researchers must consult digital access copies; if none exist researchers may request that digital access copies be made. Contact library-special@jmu.edu to request digitization.","Access to original or duplicating copies of physical media is restricted. Researchers must consult digital access copies; if none exist researchers may request that digital access copies be made. Contact library-special@jmu.edu to request digitization.","Interview is open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Special Collections staff at library-special@jmu.edu before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","Interview is open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Special Collections staff at library-special@jmu.edu before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA bound volume that comprises copies of the transcripts of each interview in this collection as well as a copy of the project background paper and any related materials is cataloged as a monograph and is available as part of the Libraries' circulating collection under the title, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eDrugs in the Valley : fifty years of Merck and Co., Inc., 1941-1991. Part of an oral history project\u003c/emph\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Existence and Location of Copies"],"altformavail_tesim":["A bound volume that comprises copies of the transcripts of each interview in this collection as well as a copy of the project background paper and any related materials is cataloged as a monograph and is available as part of the Libraries' circulating collection under the title, Drugs in the Valley : fifty years of Merck and Co., Inc., 1941-1991. Part of an oral history project."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOral history interviews that make up this collection were conducted in July 1990 by JMU undergraduate student Laura Oakes, as part of an oral history summer internship in Special Collections. The background paper and the three interviews in this collection formed the basis for the bachelor honors thesis titled \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eDrugs in the Valley: the history of the Stonewall Plant of Merck and Company, Inc., 1941-1991\u003c/emph\u003e, as well as the monograph titled \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eStonewall: the realization of a vision, 1941-1991\u003c/emph\u003e, both published in 1991 and authored by Oakes. Copies of both of these related titles form part of Special Collections' rare book holdings.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Oral history interviews that make up this collection were conducted in July 1990 by JMU undergraduate student Laura Oakes, as part of an oral history summer internship in Special Collections. The background paper and the three interviews in this collection formed the basis for the bachelor honors thesis titled Drugs in the Valley: the history of the Stonewall Plant of Merck and Company, Inc., 1941-1991, as well as the monograph titled Stonewall: the realization of a vision, 1941-1991, both published in 1991 and authored by Oakes. Copies of both of these related titles form part of Special Collections' rare book holdings."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item/interview], [date of item/interview], Drugs in the valley: fifty years of Merck and Co. oral history collection, SdArch 0003, Special Collections, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item/interview], [date of item/interview], Drugs in the valley: fifty years of Merck and Co. oral history collection, SdArch 0003, Special Collections, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn 2008, Libraries' staff in the media resources department reformatted the contents of the original audio cassettes in this collection, using a Tascam CC-222MKII CD recorder / cassette combination deck to transfer digitized m4a and mp3 files onto MAM-A Gold Archival 700MB CD-Rs to serve as both access copies and preservation storage.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 2018, the digital archivist in Special Collections completed a large-scale project to transfer reformatted born-digital files stored on gold CDs off of the physical media and into access and preservation storage environments on Libraries servers. As part of this project, the digital archivist also combined audio files when appropriate for interviews that were originally recorded across multiple pieces of physical media or on different sides of a single piece of media, and applied a new file naming convention constructed from the oral history collection identifer and a component unique identifer used to differentiate among interviews at the file level in the archival description. The archivist saved these newly combined interview files in .wav file format for preservation storage, and also created derivative access file copies in .mp3 file format.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 2025, as part of an oral history redescription project, archivists corrected errors in file names for audio files in this collection to align with existing file naming conventions for digitized Special Collections materials, and to ensure that all component unique identifiers used within file names for digital surrogates matched the identifiers employed in the corresponding archival description.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["In 2008, Libraries' staff in the media resources department reformatted the contents of the original audio cassettes in this collection, using a Tascam CC-222MKII CD recorder / cassette combination deck to transfer digitized m4a and mp3 files onto MAM-A Gold Archival 700MB CD-Rs to serve as both access copies and preservation storage.","In 2018, the digital archivist in Special Collections completed a large-scale project to transfer reformatted born-digital files stored on gold CDs off of the physical media and into access and preservation storage environments on Libraries servers. As part of this project, the digital archivist also combined audio files when appropriate for interviews that were originally recorded across multiple pieces of physical media or on different sides of a single piece of media, and applied a new file naming convention constructed from the oral history collection identifer and a component unique identifer used to differentiate among interviews at the file level in the archival description. The archivist saved these newly combined interview files in .wav file format for preservation storage, and also created derivative access file copies in .mp3 file format.","In 2025, as part of an oral history redescription project, archivists corrected errors in file names for audio files in this collection to align with existing file naming conventions for digitized Special Collections materials, and to ensure that all component unique identifiers used within file names for digital surrogates matched the identifiers employed in the corresponding archival description."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is comprised of a background paper and three audio recordings with corresponding transcripts of oral history interviews conducted in July 1990 with individuals who had worked at the Merck and Co., Inc. pharmaceutical manufacturing plant located in Elkton, Virginia known as the Stonewall Plant.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe background paper provides contextual information around the genesis of the oral history project and outlines the project purpose as intending to record the experiences of plant employees to understand the impact of Elkton, Virginia plant operations on individuals and communities in the Shenandoah Valley and beyond. The background paper includes a brief chronological history of the growth and development of the pharmaceutical corporation, Merck and Co., Inc. with focus on the history of the Stonewall Plant.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInterviews in this collection record the recollections of three individuals who worked at the Stonewall plant in different capacities, and who were selected for participation in the project to reflect a variety of viewpoints. A summary of each interview is included in a scope and contents note for each individual interview.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eThis background paper records a brief chronological history of the growth and development of the pharmaceutical corporation, Merck and Co., Inc. and in particular, one of its manufacturing plants, the Stonewall Plant at Elkton, Virginia in the Shenandoah Valley. The paper traces the history of the Merck family and its association with pharmaceutical businesses beginning in 17th century Germany to expansion in the U.S. in 1891 where it became an independent entity in 1908. Mentions various family names, including George W. Merck; refers to plant sites including Rahway, New Jersey and specifically the Stonewall Plant at Elkton. Gives background information on the selection of the Virginia site, its 1941 founding and growth, along with mention of the 1977 plant built by Merck, Sharp and Dohme. Explains the purpose of the oral history series in recording the reminiscences of Stonewall plant employees to determine the impact of the plant on the area and the company as a whole, and also the events, etc. in the local community, company and world upon the plant, its employees, and local area. Three employees were chosen to reflect varying viewpoints. They were: G. Elliot Reeke, 39-yr. retired employee (maintenance engineer manager), present from the plant's founding; Olin N. Leake, 38-yr. retired hourly employee (chemical operator), present during the plant's middle and growth years; and Barry Ream, 20-year current employee (administrative manufacturing area head).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview records the recollections of Mr. George Elliot Reeke who was a maintenance engineer from 1941-1980 at the Stonewall Plant at Elkton, VA., a manufacturing plant of the pharmaceutical corporation, Merck \u0026amp; Co. Reeke describes various aspects of work; the impact of the plant on the community and company, and events and changes which impacted on the plant, its employees and local area. Expresses viewpoints from the perspective of an employee who was present at the founding of the plant through its building years. Mentions the building of the plant and its physical layout; descriptions of jobs and key personnel; employment practices (wages, benefits, status of minorities and women); administrative research and production activities (ex. riboflavin process, thiamin, streptomycin, penicillin, atabrin, various vitamins); employer-employee relations; outside activities (clubs, etc.); communication within the plant, safety/quality control measures and health care; transportation of raw materials; company housing; community relations and economic impact; environmental impact (fish kill in the Shenandoah River); and the impact of WWII on the plant, employees and community. Recorded at the home of Mr. George Elliot Reeke of Harrisonburg, VA. on July 3, 1990.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes digitized access copies of interview recording and interview transcript.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview records the recollections of Mr. Olin Norman Leake who was a chemical operator from 1948-1986 at the Stonewall Plant at Elkton, Va., a manufacturing plant of the pharmaceutical corporation, Merck \u0026amp; Co. He describes various aspects of work; the impact of the plant on the community and company, and events and changes which impacted on the plant, its employees, and local area. Expresses viewpoints from the perspective of an employee who was present during the middle years of the plant's history (to date). Describes training procedures and the production process for drugs such as streptomycin; (also mentions vitamin B-1, B-12, and chicken feed drugs such as nicarbazine and sulfaquinoxaline). Refers to packaging and sterilization of drugs and process of batch operations. Mentions communication within the plant; safety/accident quality control measures and health care; company housing; community relations and outside activities. Recalls employer-employee relations and employment practices (wages, benefits status of minorities and women); shift work; and the strike of 1984. Talks about impact of WWII on plant, employees and area (blackouts, draft). Mentions competition from international production (ex. Egypt plant), and impact of machinery taking place of workers. Recorded at the home of Mr. Olin Norman Leake of Harrisonburg, Va. on July 12, 1990.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview records the viewpoints of Mr. Barry Jay Ream, employed since 1970 and now a manufacturing area head at the Stonewall Plant at Elkton, Va., a manufacturing plant of the pharmaceutical corporation, Merck \u0026amp; Co. He describes various aspects of work; the impact of the plant on the community and company, and events and changes which impacted on the plant, its employees, and local area. Expresses viewpoints from the perspective of an employee who is currently employed and who has knowledge of the plant's present status and insight into its possible future. Discusses various personnel related issues including changes in employer-employee relations, employment practices (wages, benefits, women), labor relations and the strike of 1984, and descriptions of job responsibilities and key positions. Refers to two fairly new divisions of the company (MPMD and MCMD). Mentions the fermentation (microbiological) process and production of vitamin B-12, Mevacor, Primaxin and Carbidoba. Also mentions several accidents and the use of benzene, now known as a carcinogen. Discusses various technological changes; those made by Roy Vagelos; importance of environmental issues; and the growth of generic drugs. Talks about changing management practices resulting in competition between plants with possible plant closing (Cherokee Plant), decentralization versus centralization, and importance of research and international divisions (ex. England and Puerto Rico plants). Mentions relations with the area, in particular, Elkton; also flood of 1985. Recorded at the home of Barry Jay Ream of Elkton, Va. on July 18, 1990.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection is comprised of a background paper and three audio recordings with corresponding transcripts of oral history interviews conducted in July 1990 with individuals who had worked at the Merck and Co., Inc. pharmaceutical manufacturing plant located in Elkton, Virginia known as the Stonewall Plant.","The background paper provides contextual information around the genesis of the oral history project and outlines the project purpose as intending to record the experiences of plant employees to understand the impact of Elkton, Virginia plant operations on individuals and communities in the Shenandoah Valley and beyond. The background paper includes a brief chronological history of the growth and development of the pharmaceutical corporation, Merck and Co., Inc. with focus on the history of the Stonewall Plant.","Interviews in this collection record the recollections of three individuals who worked at the Stonewall plant in different capacities, and who were selected for participation in the project to reflect a variety of viewpoints. A summary of each interview is included in a scope and contents note for each individual interview.","This background paper records a brief chronological history of the growth and development of the pharmaceutical corporation, Merck and Co., Inc. and in particular, one of its manufacturing plants, the Stonewall Plant at Elkton, Virginia in the Shenandoah Valley. The paper traces the history of the Merck family and its association with pharmaceutical businesses beginning in 17th century Germany to expansion in the U.S. in 1891 where it became an independent entity in 1908. Mentions various family names, including George W. Merck; refers to plant sites including Rahway, New Jersey and specifically the Stonewall Plant at Elkton. Gives background information on the selection of the Virginia site, its 1941 founding and growth, along with mention of the 1977 plant built by Merck, Sharp and Dohme. Explains the purpose of the oral history series in recording the reminiscences of Stonewall plant employees to determine the impact of the plant on the area and the company as a whole, and also the events, etc. in the local community, company and world upon the plant, its employees, and local area. Three employees were chosen to reflect varying viewpoints. They were: G. Elliot Reeke, 39-yr. retired employee (maintenance engineer manager), present from the plant's founding; Olin N. Leake, 38-yr. retired hourly employee (chemical operator), present during the plant's middle and growth years; and Barry Ream, 20-year current employee (administrative manufacturing area head).","This interview records the recollections of Mr. George Elliot Reeke who was a maintenance engineer from 1941-1980 at the Stonewall Plant at Elkton, VA., a manufacturing plant of the pharmaceutical corporation, Merck \u0026 Co. Reeke describes various aspects of work; the impact of the plant on the community and company, and events and changes which impacted on the plant, its employees and local area. Expresses viewpoints from the perspective of an employee who was present at the founding of the plant through its building years. Mentions the building of the plant and its physical layout; descriptions of jobs and key personnel; employment practices (wages, benefits, status of minorities and women); administrative research and production activities (ex. riboflavin process, thiamin, streptomycin, penicillin, atabrin, various vitamins); employer-employee relations; outside activities (clubs, etc.); communication within the plant, safety/quality control measures and health care; transportation of raw materials; company housing; community relations and economic impact; environmental impact (fish kill in the Shenandoah River); and the impact of WWII on the plant, employees and community. Recorded at the home of Mr. George Elliot Reeke of Harrisonburg, VA. on July 3, 1990.","Includes digitized access copies of interview recording and interview transcript.","This interview records the recollections of Mr. Olin Norman Leake who was a chemical operator from 1948-1986 at the Stonewall Plant at Elkton, Va., a manufacturing plant of the pharmaceutical corporation, Merck \u0026 Co. He describes various aspects of work; the impact of the plant on the community and company, and events and changes which impacted on the plant, its employees, and local area. Expresses viewpoints from the perspective of an employee who was present during the middle years of the plant's history (to date). Describes training procedures and the production process for drugs such as streptomycin; (also mentions vitamin B-1, B-12, and chicken feed drugs such as nicarbazine and sulfaquinoxaline). Refers to packaging and sterilization of drugs and process of batch operations. Mentions communication within the plant; safety/accident quality control measures and health care; company housing; community relations and outside activities. Recalls employer-employee relations and employment practices (wages, benefits status of minorities and women); shift work; and the strike of 1984. Talks about impact of WWII on plant, employees and area (blackouts, draft). Mentions competition from international production (ex. Egypt plant), and impact of machinery taking place of workers. Recorded at the home of Mr. Olin Norman Leake of Harrisonburg, Va. on July 12, 1990.","This interview records the viewpoints of Mr. Barry Jay Ream, employed since 1970 and now a manufacturing area head at the Stonewall Plant at Elkton, Va., a manufacturing plant of the pharmaceutical corporation, Merck \u0026 Co. He describes various aspects of work; the impact of the plant on the community and company, and events and changes which impacted on the plant, its employees, and local area. Expresses viewpoints from the perspective of an employee who is currently employed and who has knowledge of the plant's present status and insight into its possible future. Discusses various personnel related issues including changes in employer-employee relations, employment practices (wages, benefits, women), labor relations and the strike of 1984, and descriptions of job responsibilities and key positions. Refers to two fairly new divisions of the company (MPMD and MCMD). Mentions the fermentation (microbiological) process and production of vitamin B-12, Mevacor, Primaxin and Carbidoba. Also mentions several accidents and the use of benzene, now known as a carcinogen. Discusses various technological changes; those made by Roy Vagelos; importance of environmental issues; and the growth of generic drugs. Talks about changing management practices resulting in competition between plants with possible plant closing (Cherokee Plant), decentralization versus centralization, and importance of research and international divisions (ex. England and Puerto Rico plants). Mentions relations with the area, in particular, Elkton; also flood of 1985. Recorded at the home of Barry Jay Ream of Elkton, Va. on July 18, 1990."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCopyright interests for the interviews in this collection have been transferred to James Madison University Special Collections. Copyright status for other collection materials is unknown. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for determining copyright status and obtaining permissions for use rests solely with the user.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eProvision of copies of materials in this collection in does not imply permission to utilize materials in excess of fair use. The researcher is solely responsible for determining the copyright status of materials and, if necessary, obtaining permission to use material from the copyright holder.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests for this interview have been transferred to James Madison University Special Collections. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for determining copyright status and obtaining permissions for use rests solely with the user. Please contact Special Collections staff at library-special@jmu.edu for additional information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests for this interview have been transferred to James Madison University Special Collections. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for determining copyright status and obtaining permissions for use rests solely with the user. Please contact Special Collections staff at library-special@jmu.edu for additional information.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use","Conditions Governing Use","Use Restrictions","Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Copyright interests for the interviews in this collection have been transferred to James Madison University Special Collections. Copyright status for other collection materials is unknown. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for determining copyright status and obtaining permissions for use rests solely with the user.","Provision of copies of materials in this collection in does not imply permission to utilize materials in excess of fair use. The researcher is solely responsible for determining the copyright status of materials and, if necessary, obtaining permission to use material from the copyright holder.","The copyright interests for this interview have been transferred to James Madison University Special Collections. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for determining copyright status and obtaining permissions for use rests solely with the user. Please contact Special Collections staff at library-special@jmu.edu for additional information.","The copyright interests for this interview have been transferred to James Madison University Special Collections. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for determining copyright status and obtaining permissions for use rests solely with the user. Please contact Special Collections staff at library-special@jmu.edu for additional information."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_89725098e80501a234003dc98e2ab1c8\"\u003eCollection is an oral history project comprised of a background paper and three audio recordings with corresponding transcripts of interviews conducted in July 1990 by Laura Oakes with former and current employees of the Merck and Co., Inc. pharmaceutical manufacturing plant located in Elkton, Virginia, known as the Stonewall Plant.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["Collection is an oral history project comprised of a background paper and three audio recordings with corresponding transcripts of interviews conducted in July 1990 by Laura Oakes with former and current employees of the Merck and Co., Inc. pharmaceutical manufacturing plant located in Elkton, Virginia, known as the Stonewall Plant."],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections"],"persname_ssim":["Oakes, Laura","Reeke, George Elliott, 1917-2001"],"names_coll_ssim":["Oakes, Laura"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Oakes, Laura","Reeke, George Elliott, 1917-2001"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":12,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:57:53.919Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_591"}},{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_287","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"George W. W. Scothern Daybooks, 1905/1911","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_287#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Scothern, George W. W. (George William Washington), 1887-1968","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_287#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"The George W. W. Scothern Daybooks, 1905 - 1911, consist of account ledgers and other materials that document the business transactions of a photography business and a general store, C.A. Scothern \u0026amp; Son.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_287#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_287","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_287","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_287","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_287","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_287.xml","title_ssm":["George W. W. Scothern Daybooks"],"title_tesim":["George W. W. Scothern Daybooks"],"unitdate_ssm":["1905-1911"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1905-1911"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1905/1911"],"normalized_title_ssm":["George W. W. Scothern Daybooks, 1905/1911"],"text":["George W. W. Scothern Daybooks, 1905/1911","SC 0142","/repositories/4/resources/287","Mt. Jackson (Va.) -- History -- 20th century","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Economic conditions","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History","Account books -- Sources","Business records -- Sources","Photography -- Business methods -- Sources","Commercial photography","Photographers -- Biography","General stores -- Virginia -- Mt. Jackson","Account books","Photographs","Business records","Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","The collection is arranged in three folders.","\"Deaths in the Valley Area.\" Daily News-Record [Harrisonburg, VA] 9 January 1968: Vol 71 No. 83., pg. 3.","\"Mt. Jackson.\" Shenandoah Herald, [Woodstock, VA] 8 October 1909: Vol. 92 No. 40.","George W. W. Scothern was born on January 7, 1887 in Mt. Jackson, Virginia to Charles A. Scothern and Effie Jewel Scothern. He worked as a photographer throughout his life in the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia, Hagerstown, Maryland, and Washington, D.C. He died in January 1968 in Mt. Jackson and was buried in Martinsburg, West Virginia. Charles A. Scothern, father of George, was born in 1863 and died in 1944 in Mt. Jackson, Virginia. He was the owner of a general store, C. A. Scothern and Son, opened in 1909 and located in Mt. Jackson.","In order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in the spring of 2017. This collection was previously cataloged as SC 3071.","The George W.W. Scothern Daybooks, 1905-1911, consist of two ledgers, one holding information for orders from a photography business and another with account information for purchases made at a general store, 16 portrait photographs, several invoices for stock of goods for Walkers Chapel, a page from a book detailing the collotype process of film development, most likely from the journal American Amateur Photographer, and a telegram with the text of an advertisement for photography services from C. A. Scothern and Son.","The photography ledger is stamped on the inside with the words \"Mt. Jackson,\" and has the name Geo W. W. Scothern written at the top front page. This ledger lists dates ordered, name, address, size and style of photograph ordered, amount paid and due, and dates sent and delivered. Most orders are from Mt. Jackson addresses, as well as various other Shenandoah Valley locations. The general store ledger, likely from C. A. Scothern \u0026 Son general store, includes invoices for purchases of common general store products and includes George Scothern and Chas. A. Scothern as customers.","Book One has \"Studio Register Ledger\" imprinted on the exterior, and has \"Mt. Jackson, Va\" stamped on the inside cover, where is also written the signature, \"Geo. W.W. Scothern.\" The book seems to be a photographer's account record and lists dates ordered and delivered, names of persons ordering portraits, post amounts due, and styles. Sixteen unidentified photos (three are small multiple frames) office addresses, numbers of negatives, sizes, accompanying the book are filed in Folder 3 (some are badly faded).","Book Two is slightly larger than Book One and lacks the \"Studio Register Ledger\" imprint. It lists general merchandise sold at an unidentified store, including shoes, overalls, beans, door latches, chops, coffee, flour, lard, and tobacco. Lists Chas. A. Scothern and Geo. W. Scothern as customers.","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The George W. W. Scothern Daybooks, 1905 - 1911, consist of account ledgers and other materials that document the business transactions of a photography business and a general store, C.A. Scothern \u0026 Son.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Green Valley Auctions, Inc.","Scothern, George W. W. (George William Washington), 1887-1968","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["George W. W. Scothern Daybooks, 1905/1911"],"collection_ssim":["George W. W. Scothern Daybooks, 1905/1911"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0142","/repositories/4/resources/287"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0142","/repositories/4/resources/287"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"geogname_ssm":["Mt. Jackson (Va.) -- History -- 20th century","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Economic conditions","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History"],"geogname_ssim":["Mt. Jackson (Va.) -- History -- 20th century","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Economic conditions","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History"],"places_ssim":["Mt. Jackson (Va.) -- History -- 20th century","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Economic conditions","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History"],"creator_ssm":["Scothern, George W. W. (George William Washington), 1887-1968","Green Valley Auctions, Inc."],"creator_ssim":["Scothern, George W. W. (George William Washington), 1887-1968","Green Valley Auctions, Inc."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Scothern, George W. W. (George William Washington), 1887-1968"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Green Valley Auctions, Inc."],"creators_ssim":["Scothern, George W. W. (George William Washington), 1887-1968","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Green Valley Auctions, Inc."],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Collection purchased by Carrier Library in September 1998 from Green Valley Auctions in Mt. Crawford."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Account books -- Sources","Business records -- Sources","Photography -- Business methods -- Sources","Commercial photography","Photographers -- Biography","General stores -- Virginia -- Mt. Jackson","Account books","Photographs","Business records"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Account books -- Sources","Business records -- Sources","Photography -- Business methods -- Sources","Commercial photography","Photographers -- Biography","General stores -- Virginia -- Mt. Jackson","Account books","Photographs","Business records"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.16 cubic feet 3 folders"],"extent_tesim":["0.16 cubic feet 3 folders"],"genreform_ssim":["Account books","Photographs","Business records"],"date_range_isim":[1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged in three folders.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged in three folders."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cbibref\u003e\"Deaths in the Valley Area.\" \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eDaily News-Record\u003c/emph\u003e [Harrisonburg, VA] 9 January 1968: Vol 71 No. 83., pg. 3.\u003c/bibref\u003e\n    ","\u003cbibref\u003e\"Mt. Jackson.\" \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eShenandoah Herald\u003c/emph\u003e, [Woodstock, VA] 8 October 1909: Vol. 92 No. 40.\u003c/bibref\u003e\n  "],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["\"Deaths in the Valley Area.\" Daily News-Record [Harrisonburg, VA] 9 January 1968: Vol 71 No. 83., pg. 3.","\"Mt. Jackson.\" Shenandoah Herald, [Woodstock, VA] 8 October 1909: Vol. 92 No. 40."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGeorge W. W. Scothern was born on January 7, 1887 in Mt. Jackson, Virginia to Charles A. Scothern and Effie Jewel Scothern. He worked as a photographer throughout his life in the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia, Hagerstown, Maryland, and Washington, D.C. He died in January 1968 in Mt. Jackson and was buried in Martinsburg, West Virginia. Charles A. Scothern, father of George, was born in 1863 and died in 1944 in Mt. Jackson, Virginia. He was the owner of a general store, C. A. Scothern and Son, opened in 1909 and located in Mt. Jackson.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Bio/Historical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["George W. W. Scothern was born on January 7, 1887 in Mt. Jackson, Virginia to Charles A. Scothern and Effie Jewel Scothern. He worked as a photographer throughout his life in the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia, Hagerstown, Maryland, and Washington, D.C. He died in January 1968 in Mt. Jackson and was buried in Martinsburg, West Virginia. Charles A. Scothern, father of George, was born in 1863 and died in 1944 in Mt. Jackson, Virginia. He was the owner of a general store, C. A. Scothern and Son, opened in 1909 and located in Mt. Jackson."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box #, folder #], George W.W Scothern Daybooks, 1905-1911, SC 0142, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box #, folder #], George W.W Scothern Daybooks, 1905-1911, SC 0142, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in the spring of 2017. \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eThis collection was previously cataloged as SC 3071.\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["In order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in the spring of 2017. This collection was previously cataloged as SC 3071."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe George W.W. Scothern Daybooks, 1905-1911, consist of two ledgers, one holding information for orders from a photography business and another with account information for purchases made at a general store, 16 portrait photographs, several invoices for stock of goods for Walkers Chapel, a page from a book detailing the collotype process of film development, most likely from the journal \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eAmerican Amateur Photographer\u003c/emph\u003e, and a telegram with the text of an advertisement for photography services from C. A. Scothern and Son.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe photography ledger is stamped on the inside with the words \"Mt. Jackson,\" and has the name Geo W. W. Scothern written at the top front page. This ledger lists dates ordered, name, address, size and style of photograph ordered, amount paid and due, and dates sent and delivered. Most orders are from Mt. Jackson addresses, as well as various other Shenandoah Valley locations. The general store ledger, likely from C. A. Scothern \u0026amp; Son general store, includes invoices for purchases of common general store products and includes George Scothern and Chas. A. Scothern as customers.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eBook One has \"Studio Register Ledger\" imprinted on the exterior, and has \"Mt. Jackson, Va\" stamped on the inside cover, where is also written the signature, \"Geo. W.W. Scothern.\" The book seems to be a photographer's account record and lists dates ordered and delivered, names of persons ordering portraits, post amounts due, and styles. Sixteen unidentified photos (three are small multiple frames) office addresses, numbers of negatives, sizes, accompanying the book are filed in Folder 3 (some are badly faded).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBook Two is slightly larger than Book One and lacks the \"Studio Register Ledger\" imprint. It lists general merchandise sold at an unidentified store, including shoes, overalls, beans, door latches, chops, coffee, flour, lard, and tobacco. Lists Chas. A. Scothern and Geo. W. Scothern as customers.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The George W.W. Scothern Daybooks, 1905-1911, consist of two ledgers, one holding information for orders from a photography business and another with account information for purchases made at a general store, 16 portrait photographs, several invoices for stock of goods for Walkers Chapel, a page from a book detailing the collotype process of film development, most likely from the journal American Amateur Photographer, and a telegram with the text of an advertisement for photography services from C. A. Scothern and Son.","The photography ledger is stamped on the inside with the words \"Mt. Jackson,\" and has the name Geo W. W. Scothern written at the top front page. This ledger lists dates ordered, name, address, size and style of photograph ordered, amount paid and due, and dates sent and delivered. Most orders are from Mt. Jackson addresses, as well as various other Shenandoah Valley locations. The general store ledger, likely from C. A. Scothern \u0026 Son general store, includes invoices for purchases of common general store products and includes George Scothern and Chas. A. Scothern as customers.","Book One has \"Studio Register Ledger\" imprinted on the exterior, and has \"Mt. Jackson, Va\" stamped on the inside cover, where is also written the signature, \"Geo. W.W. Scothern.\" The book seems to be a photographer's account record and lists dates ordered and delivered, names of persons ordering portraits, post amounts due, and styles. Sixteen unidentified photos (three are small multiple frames) office addresses, numbers of negatives, sizes, accompanying the book are filed in Folder 3 (some are badly faded).","Book Two is slightly larger than Book One and lacks the \"Studio Register Ledger\" imprint. It lists general merchandise sold at an unidentified store, including shoes, overalls, beans, door latches, chops, coffee, flour, lard, and tobacco. Lists Chas. A. Scothern and Geo. W. Scothern as customers."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_ffb0b3583e91ab8f03bda5dca8333f33\"\u003eThe George W. W. Scothern Daybooks, 1905 - 1911, consist of account ledgers and other materials that document the business transactions of a photography business and a general store, C.A. Scothern \u0026amp; Son.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The George W. W. Scothern Daybooks, 1905 - 1911, consist of account ledgers and other materials that document the business transactions of a photography business and a general store, C.A. Scothern \u0026 Son."],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Green Valley Auctions, Inc."],"names_coll_ssim":["Green Valley Auctions, Inc.","Scothern, George W. W. (George William Washington), 1887-1968"],"persname_ssim":["Scothern, George W. W. (George William Washington), 1887-1968"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Green Valley Auctions, Inc.","Scothern, George W. W. (George William Washington), 1887-1968"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":3,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:57:34.491Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_287","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_287","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_287","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_287","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_287.xml","title_ssm":["George W. W. Scothern Daybooks"],"title_tesim":["George W. W. Scothern Daybooks"],"unitdate_ssm":["1905-1911"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1905-1911"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1905/1911"],"normalized_title_ssm":["George W. W. Scothern Daybooks, 1905/1911"],"text":["George W. W. Scothern Daybooks, 1905/1911","SC 0142","/repositories/4/resources/287","Mt. Jackson (Va.) -- History -- 20th century","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Economic conditions","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History","Account books -- Sources","Business records -- Sources","Photography -- Business methods -- Sources","Commercial photography","Photographers -- Biography","General stores -- Virginia -- Mt. Jackson","Account books","Photographs","Business records","Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","The collection is arranged in three folders.","\"Deaths in the Valley Area.\" Daily News-Record [Harrisonburg, VA] 9 January 1968: Vol 71 No. 83., pg. 3.","\"Mt. Jackson.\" Shenandoah Herald, [Woodstock, VA] 8 October 1909: Vol. 92 No. 40.","George W. W. Scothern was born on January 7, 1887 in Mt. Jackson, Virginia to Charles A. Scothern and Effie Jewel Scothern. He worked as a photographer throughout his life in the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia, Hagerstown, Maryland, and Washington, D.C. He died in January 1968 in Mt. Jackson and was buried in Martinsburg, West Virginia. Charles A. Scothern, father of George, was born in 1863 and died in 1944 in Mt. Jackson, Virginia. He was the owner of a general store, C. A. Scothern and Son, opened in 1909 and located in Mt. Jackson.","In order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in the spring of 2017. This collection was previously cataloged as SC 3071.","The George W.W. Scothern Daybooks, 1905-1911, consist of two ledgers, one holding information for orders from a photography business and another with account information for purchases made at a general store, 16 portrait photographs, several invoices for stock of goods for Walkers Chapel, a page from a book detailing the collotype process of film development, most likely from the journal American Amateur Photographer, and a telegram with the text of an advertisement for photography services from C. A. Scothern and Son.","The photography ledger is stamped on the inside with the words \"Mt. Jackson,\" and has the name Geo W. W. Scothern written at the top front page. This ledger lists dates ordered, name, address, size and style of photograph ordered, amount paid and due, and dates sent and delivered. Most orders are from Mt. Jackson addresses, as well as various other Shenandoah Valley locations. The general store ledger, likely from C. A. Scothern \u0026 Son general store, includes invoices for purchases of common general store products and includes George Scothern and Chas. A. Scothern as customers.","Book One has \"Studio Register Ledger\" imprinted on the exterior, and has \"Mt. Jackson, Va\" stamped on the inside cover, where is also written the signature, \"Geo. W.W. Scothern.\" The book seems to be a photographer's account record and lists dates ordered and delivered, names of persons ordering portraits, post amounts due, and styles. Sixteen unidentified photos (three are small multiple frames) office addresses, numbers of negatives, sizes, accompanying the book are filed in Folder 3 (some are badly faded).","Book Two is slightly larger than Book One and lacks the \"Studio Register Ledger\" imprint. It lists general merchandise sold at an unidentified store, including shoes, overalls, beans, door latches, chops, coffee, flour, lard, and tobacco. Lists Chas. A. Scothern and Geo. W. Scothern as customers.","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The George W. W. Scothern Daybooks, 1905 - 1911, consist of account ledgers and other materials that document the business transactions of a photography business and a general store, C.A. Scothern \u0026 Son.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Green Valley Auctions, Inc.","Scothern, George W. W. (George William Washington), 1887-1968","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["George W. W. Scothern Daybooks, 1905/1911"],"collection_ssim":["George W. W. Scothern Daybooks, 1905/1911"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0142","/repositories/4/resources/287"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0142","/repositories/4/resources/287"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"geogname_ssm":["Mt. Jackson (Va.) -- History -- 20th century","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Economic conditions","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History"],"geogname_ssim":["Mt. Jackson (Va.) -- History -- 20th century","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Economic conditions","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History"],"places_ssim":["Mt. Jackson (Va.) -- History -- 20th century","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Economic conditions","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History"],"creator_ssm":["Scothern, George W. W. (George William Washington), 1887-1968","Green Valley Auctions, Inc."],"creator_ssim":["Scothern, George W. W. (George William Washington), 1887-1968","Green Valley Auctions, Inc."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Scothern, George W. W. (George William Washington), 1887-1968"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Green Valley Auctions, Inc."],"creators_ssim":["Scothern, George W. W. (George William Washington), 1887-1968","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Green Valley Auctions, Inc."],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Collection purchased by Carrier Library in September 1998 from Green Valley Auctions in Mt. 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Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged in three folders.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged in three folders."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cbibref\u003e\"Deaths in the Valley Area.\" \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eDaily News-Record\u003c/emph\u003e [Harrisonburg, VA] 9 January 1968: Vol 71 No. 83., pg. 3.\u003c/bibref\u003e\n    ","\u003cbibref\u003e\"Mt. Jackson.\" \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eShenandoah Herald\u003c/emph\u003e, [Woodstock, VA] 8 October 1909: Vol. 92 No. 40.\u003c/bibref\u003e\n  "],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["\"Deaths in the Valley Area.\" Daily News-Record [Harrisonburg, VA] 9 January 1968: Vol 71 No. 83., pg. 3.","\"Mt. Jackson.\" Shenandoah Herald, [Woodstock, VA] 8 October 1909: Vol. 92 No. 40."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGeorge W. W. Scothern was born on January 7, 1887 in Mt. Jackson, Virginia to Charles A. Scothern and Effie Jewel Scothern. He worked as a photographer throughout his life in the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia, Hagerstown, Maryland, and Washington, D.C. He died in January 1968 in Mt. Jackson and was buried in Martinsburg, West Virginia. Charles A. Scothern, father of George, was born in 1863 and died in 1944 in Mt. Jackson, Virginia. He was the owner of a general store, C. A. Scothern and Son, opened in 1909 and located in Mt. Jackson.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Bio/Historical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["George W. W. Scothern was born on January 7, 1887 in Mt. Jackson, Virginia to Charles A. Scothern and Effie Jewel Scothern. He worked as a photographer throughout his life in the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia, Hagerstown, Maryland, and Washington, D.C. He died in January 1968 in Mt. Jackson and was buried in Martinsburg, West Virginia. Charles A. Scothern, father of George, was born in 1863 and died in 1944 in Mt. Jackson, Virginia. He was the owner of a general store, C. A. Scothern and Son, opened in 1909 and located in Mt. Jackson."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box #, folder #], George W.W Scothern Daybooks, 1905-1911, SC 0142, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box #, folder #], George W.W Scothern Daybooks, 1905-1911, SC 0142, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in the spring of 2017. \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eThis collection was previously cataloged as SC 3071.\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["In order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in the spring of 2017. This collection was previously cataloged as SC 3071."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe George W.W. Scothern Daybooks, 1905-1911, consist of two ledgers, one holding information for orders from a photography business and another with account information for purchases made at a general store, 16 portrait photographs, several invoices for stock of goods for Walkers Chapel, a page from a book detailing the collotype process of film development, most likely from the journal \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eAmerican Amateur Photographer\u003c/emph\u003e, and a telegram with the text of an advertisement for photography services from C. A. Scothern and Son.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe photography ledger is stamped on the inside with the words \"Mt. Jackson,\" and has the name Geo W. W. Scothern written at the top front page. This ledger lists dates ordered, name, address, size and style of photograph ordered, amount paid and due, and dates sent and delivered. Most orders are from Mt. Jackson addresses, as well as various other Shenandoah Valley locations. The general store ledger, likely from C. A. Scothern \u0026amp; Son general store, includes invoices for purchases of common general store products and includes George Scothern and Chas. A. Scothern as customers.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eBook One has \"Studio Register Ledger\" imprinted on the exterior, and has \"Mt. Jackson, Va\" stamped on the inside cover, where is also written the signature, \"Geo. W.W. Scothern.\" The book seems to be a photographer's account record and lists dates ordered and delivered, names of persons ordering portraits, post amounts due, and styles. Sixteen unidentified photos (three are small multiple frames) office addresses, numbers of negatives, sizes, accompanying the book are filed in Folder 3 (some are badly faded).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBook Two is slightly larger than Book One and lacks the \"Studio Register Ledger\" imprint. It lists general merchandise sold at an unidentified store, including shoes, overalls, beans, door latches, chops, coffee, flour, lard, and tobacco. Lists Chas. A. Scothern and Geo. W. Scothern as customers.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The George W.W. Scothern Daybooks, 1905-1911, consist of two ledgers, one holding information for orders from a photography business and another with account information for purchases made at a general store, 16 portrait photographs, several invoices for stock of goods for Walkers Chapel, a page from a book detailing the collotype process of film development, most likely from the journal American Amateur Photographer, and a telegram with the text of an advertisement for photography services from C. A. Scothern and Son.","The photography ledger is stamped on the inside with the words \"Mt. Jackson,\" and has the name Geo W. W. Scothern written at the top front page. This ledger lists dates ordered, name, address, size and style of photograph ordered, amount paid and due, and dates sent and delivered. Most orders are from Mt. Jackson addresses, as well as various other Shenandoah Valley locations. The general store ledger, likely from C. A. Scothern \u0026 Son general store, includes invoices for purchases of common general store products and includes George Scothern and Chas. A. Scothern as customers.","Book One has \"Studio Register Ledger\" imprinted on the exterior, and has \"Mt. Jackson, Va\" stamped on the inside cover, where is also written the signature, \"Geo. W.W. Scothern.\" The book seems to be a photographer's account record and lists dates ordered and delivered, names of persons ordering portraits, post amounts due, and styles. Sixteen unidentified photos (three are small multiple frames) office addresses, numbers of negatives, sizes, accompanying the book are filed in Folder 3 (some are badly faded).","Book Two is slightly larger than Book One and lacks the \"Studio Register Ledger\" imprint. It lists general merchandise sold at an unidentified store, including shoes, overalls, beans, door latches, chops, coffee, flour, lard, and tobacco. Lists Chas. A. Scothern and Geo. W. Scothern as customers."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_ffb0b3583e91ab8f03bda5dca8333f33\"\u003eThe George W. W. Scothern Daybooks, 1905 - 1911, consist of account ledgers and other materials that document the business transactions of a photography business and a general store, C.A. Scothern \u0026amp; Son.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The George W. W. Scothern Daybooks, 1905 - 1911, consist of account ledgers and other materials that document the business transactions of a photography business and a general store, C.A. Scothern \u0026 Son."],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Green Valley Auctions, Inc."],"names_coll_ssim":["Green Valley Auctions, Inc.","Scothern, George W. W. (George William Washington), 1887-1968"],"persname_ssim":["Scothern, George W. W. (George William Washington), 1887-1968"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Green Valley Auctions, Inc.","Scothern, George W. W. (George William Washington), 1887-1968"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":3,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:57:34.491Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_287"}},{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_206","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Trio Beauty Salon Records, 1935/2007","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_206#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Clatterbuck, Beulah Ruth Kerns, 1915-2017","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_206#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"The Trio Beauty Salon Records, 1935-2007, consist of three boxes containing various records related to the Trio Beauty Salon in Harrisonburg, Virginia including legal and financial documents, record books, and personal documents of the operators of the salon.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_206#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_206","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_206","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_206","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_206","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_206.xml","title_ssm":["Trio Beauty Salon Records"],"title_tesim":["Trio Beauty Salon Records"],"unitdate_ssm":["1935-2007"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1935-2007"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1935/2007"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Trio Beauty Salon Records, 1935/2007"],"text":["Trio Beauty Salon Records, 1935/2007","SC 0207","/repositories/4/resources/206","Harrisonburg (Va.) -- Economic conditions","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Economic conditions","Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History","Virginia -- History, Local","Beauty shops -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg","Beauty operators -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg","Women-owned business enterprises -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg","Beauty shops -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Beauty operators -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Women-owned business enterprises -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Legal documents","Financial Records","Business records","Certificates","Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","The collection is arranged into the following series and subseries. Series 2: Financial Records is arranged further into subseries. All series and subseries are arranged chronologically.","Legal Files, 1937-1977\n      Financial Records, 1937-1976\n      Personal Records, 1935-2007","Trio Beauty Salon opened on July 15, 1941 at 14 Newman Avenue, Harrisonburg, Virginia. It was known formerly as the Gay Lynn Beauty Shop. The three partners of the Trio Beauty Salon were Flora Evelyn Taylor Lamb, Mildred Bridges, and Ava Gowl, but also included Ruby Dove and Beulah Ruth Kerns Clatterbuck as owners and operators. The salon was open for 35 years before closing in 1976. After closing the salon, the owners continued to work elsewhere in the Harrisonburg area, and kept records of where they went.","Original documents relating to Beulah Ruth Kerns Clatterbuck were retained by the owner. Original documents were photocopied for this collection.","In order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in 2017-2018. This collection was previously cataloged as SC 5029. During this time the collection was consolidated and physically rehoused.","The Trio Beauty Salon Records consist of various documents and records pertaining to the Trio Beauty Salon and its owners and operators, including business, financial, and personal documents. The collection comprises business records, leases and agreements, tax and financial documents, and personal records of Beulah Ruth Kerns Clatterbuck.","This series contains legal documents and correspondence for Trio Beauty Salon from the years 1937-1977, including business and financial records, letters from the U.S. Department of Labor, and one photograph of the owners and operators.","Arranged into two subseries: Tax Returns and Statements, 1937-1976 and Record Books, 1938-1976. Arranged chronologically within each series.","Contains both state and federal tax returns, Harrisonburg taxes, and tax related documents and financial statements. Folders labeled Tax Returns consists of only returns and folders labeled Tax Documents consists of returns and other tax related records.","contains financial records documenting costs and expenses of operation of Trio Beauty Salon, including monthly expenses in terms of supplies, wages, taxes, rent, lighting, repairs, equipment and miscellaneous expenses. Record books are housed in Oversize Hollinger boxes.","This series contains personal documents of Beulah Ruth Kerns Clatterbuck, including items related to the practice of cosmetology and a brief autobiography of her life.","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The Trio Beauty Salon Records, 1935-2007, consist of three boxes containing various records related to the Trio Beauty Salon in Harrisonburg, Virginia including legal and financial documents, record books, and personal documents of the operators of the salon.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Trio Beauty Salon -- Records and correspondence","Trio Beauty Salon -- History","Clatterbuck, Beulah Ruth Kerns, 1915-2017","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Trio Beauty Salon Records, 1935/2007"],"collection_ssim":["Trio Beauty Salon Records, 1935/2007"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0207","/repositories/4/resources/206"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0207","/repositories/4/resources/206"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"geogname_ssm":["Harrisonburg (Va.) -- Economic conditions","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Economic conditions","Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History","Virginia -- History, Local"],"geogname_ssim":["Harrisonburg (Va.) -- Economic conditions","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Economic conditions","Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History","Virginia -- History, Local"],"places_ssim":["Harrisonburg (Va.) -- Economic conditions","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Economic conditions","Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History","Virginia -- History, Local"],"creator_ssm":["Clatterbuck, Beulah Ruth Kerns, 1915-2017","Clatterbuck, Beulah Ruth Kerns, 1915-2017"],"creator_ssim":["Clatterbuck, Beulah Ruth Kerns, 1915-2017","Clatterbuck, Beulah Ruth Kerns, 1915-2017"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Clatterbuck, Beulah Ruth Kerns, 1915-2017"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Trio Beauty Salon -- Records and correspondence","Trio Beauty Salon -- History"],"creators_ssim":["Clatterbuck, Beulah Ruth Kerns, 1915-2017","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Trio Beauty Salon -- Records and correspondence","Trio Beauty Salon -- History"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donated by Beulah Ruth Kearns Clatterbuck on April 13, 2012."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Beauty shops -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg","Beauty operators -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg","Women-owned business enterprises -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg","Beauty shops -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Beauty operators -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Women-owned business enterprises -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Legal documents","Financial Records","Business records","Certificates"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Beauty shops -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg","Beauty operators -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg","Women-owned business enterprises -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg","Beauty shops -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Beauty operators -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Women-owned business enterprises -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Legal documents","Financial Records","Business records","Certificates"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1.39 cubic feet 3 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["1.39 cubic feet 3 boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["Legal documents","Financial Records","Business records","Certificates"],"date_range_isim":[1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research. 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The three partners of the Trio Beauty Salon were Flora Evelyn Taylor Lamb, Mildred Bridges, and Ava Gowl, but also included Ruby Dove and Beulah Ruth Kerns Clatterbuck as owners and operators. The salon was open for 35 years before closing in 1976. After closing the salon, the owners continued to work elsewhere in the Harrisonburg area, and kept records of where they went.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Bio/Historical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Trio Beauty Salon opened on July 15, 1941 at 14 Newman Avenue, Harrisonburg, Virginia. It was known formerly as the Gay Lynn Beauty Shop. The three partners of the Trio Beauty Salon were Flora Evelyn Taylor Lamb, Mildred Bridges, and Ava Gowl, but also included Ruby Dove and Beulah Ruth Kerns Clatterbuck as owners and operators. The salon was open for 35 years before closing in 1976. After closing the salon, the owners continued to work elsewhere in the Harrisonburg area, and kept records of where they went."],"originalsloc_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOriginal documents relating to Beulah Ruth Kerns Clatterbuck were retained by the owner. Original documents were photocopied for this collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"originalsloc_heading_ssm":["Location of Originals"],"originalsloc_tesim":["Original documents relating to Beulah Ruth Kerns Clatterbuck were retained by the owner. Original documents were photocopied for this collection."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Trio Beauty Salon Records, 1935-2007, SC 0207, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Trio Beauty Salon Records, 1935-2007, SC 0207, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in 2017-2018. \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eThis collection was previously cataloged as SC 5029\u003c/emph\u003e. During this time the collection was consolidated and physically rehoused.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["In order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in 2017-2018. This collection was previously cataloged as SC 5029. During this time the collection was consolidated and physically rehoused."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Trio Beauty Salon Records consist of various documents and records pertaining to the Trio Beauty Salon and its owners and operators, including business, financial, and personal documents. The collection comprises business records, leases and agreements, tax and financial documents, and personal records of Beulah Ruth Kerns Clatterbuck.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eThis series contains legal documents and correspondence for Trio Beauty Salon from the years 1937-1977, including business and financial records, letters from the U.S. Department of Labor, and one photograph of the owners and operators.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged into two subseries: Tax Returns and Statements, 1937-1976 and Record Books, 1938-1976. Arranged chronologically within each series.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains both state and federal tax returns, Harrisonburg taxes, and tax related documents and financial statements. Folders labeled Tax Returns consists of only returns and folders labeled Tax Documents consists of returns and other tax related records.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003econtains financial records documenting costs and expenses of operation of Trio Beauty Salon, including monthly expenses in terms of supplies, wages, taxes, rent, lighting, repairs, equipment and miscellaneous expenses. Record books are housed in Oversize Hollinger boxes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series contains personal documents of Beulah Ruth Kerns Clatterbuck, including items related to the practice of cosmetology and a brief autobiography of her life.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Trio Beauty Salon Records consist of various documents and records pertaining to the Trio Beauty Salon and its owners and operators, including business, financial, and personal documents. The collection comprises business records, leases and agreements, tax and financial documents, and personal records of Beulah Ruth Kerns Clatterbuck.","This series contains legal documents and correspondence for Trio Beauty Salon from the years 1937-1977, including business and financial records, letters from the U.S. Department of Labor, and one photograph of the owners and operators.","Arranged into two subseries: Tax Returns and Statements, 1937-1976 and Record Books, 1938-1976. Arranged chronologically within each series.","Contains both state and federal tax returns, Harrisonburg taxes, and tax related documents and financial statements. Folders labeled Tax Returns consists of only returns and folders labeled Tax Documents consists of returns and other tax related records.","contains financial records documenting costs and expenses of operation of Trio Beauty Salon, including monthly expenses in terms of supplies, wages, taxes, rent, lighting, repairs, equipment and miscellaneous expenses. Record books are housed in Oversize Hollinger boxes.","This series contains personal documents of Beulah Ruth Kerns Clatterbuck, including items related to the practice of cosmetology and a brief autobiography of her life."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_995f3ff68abcd6a2ec0d84c61a2e2476\"\u003eThe Trio Beauty Salon Records, 1935-2007, consist of three boxes containing various records related to the Trio Beauty Salon in Harrisonburg, Virginia including legal and financial documents, record books, and personal documents of the operators of the salon.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The Trio Beauty Salon Records, 1935-2007, consist of three boxes containing various records related to the Trio Beauty Salon in Harrisonburg, Virginia including legal and financial documents, record books, and personal documents of the operators of the salon."],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Trio Beauty Salon -- Records and correspondence","Trio Beauty Salon -- History"],"names_coll_ssim":["Trio Beauty Salon -- Records and correspondence","Trio Beauty Salon -- History","Clatterbuck, Beulah Ruth Kerns, 1915-2017"],"persname_ssim":["Clatterbuck, Beulah Ruth Kerns, 1915-2017"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Trio Beauty Salon -- Records and correspondence","Trio Beauty Salon -- History","Clatterbuck, Beulah Ruth Kerns, 1915-2017"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":47,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:57:12.722Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_206","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_206","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_206","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_206","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_206.xml","title_ssm":["Trio Beauty Salon Records"],"title_tesim":["Trio Beauty Salon Records"],"unitdate_ssm":["1935-2007"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1935-2007"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1935/2007"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Trio Beauty Salon Records, 1935/2007"],"text":["Trio Beauty Salon Records, 1935/2007","SC 0207","/repositories/4/resources/206","Harrisonburg (Va.) -- Economic conditions","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Economic conditions","Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History","Virginia -- History, Local","Beauty shops -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg","Beauty operators -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg","Women-owned business enterprises -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg","Beauty shops -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Beauty operators -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Women-owned business enterprises -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Legal documents","Financial Records","Business records","Certificates","Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","The collection is arranged into the following series and subseries. Series 2: Financial Records is arranged further into subseries. All series and subseries are arranged chronologically.","Legal Files, 1937-1977\n      Financial Records, 1937-1976\n      Personal Records, 1935-2007","Trio Beauty Salon opened on July 15, 1941 at 14 Newman Avenue, Harrisonburg, Virginia. It was known formerly as the Gay Lynn Beauty Shop. The three partners of the Trio Beauty Salon were Flora Evelyn Taylor Lamb, Mildred Bridges, and Ava Gowl, but also included Ruby Dove and Beulah Ruth Kerns Clatterbuck as owners and operators. The salon was open for 35 years before closing in 1976. After closing the salon, the owners continued to work elsewhere in the Harrisonburg area, and kept records of where they went.","Original documents relating to Beulah Ruth Kerns Clatterbuck were retained by the owner. Original documents were photocopied for this collection.","In order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in 2017-2018. This collection was previously cataloged as SC 5029. During this time the collection was consolidated and physically rehoused.","The Trio Beauty Salon Records consist of various documents and records pertaining to the Trio Beauty Salon and its owners and operators, including business, financial, and personal documents. The collection comprises business records, leases and agreements, tax and financial documents, and personal records of Beulah Ruth Kerns Clatterbuck.","This series contains legal documents and correspondence for Trio Beauty Salon from the years 1937-1977, including business and financial records, letters from the U.S. Department of Labor, and one photograph of the owners and operators.","Arranged into two subseries: Tax Returns and Statements, 1937-1976 and Record Books, 1938-1976. Arranged chronologically within each series.","Contains both state and federal tax returns, Harrisonburg taxes, and tax related documents and financial statements. Folders labeled Tax Returns consists of only returns and folders labeled Tax Documents consists of returns and other tax related records.","contains financial records documenting costs and expenses of operation of Trio Beauty Salon, including monthly expenses in terms of supplies, wages, taxes, rent, lighting, repairs, equipment and miscellaneous expenses. Record books are housed in Oversize Hollinger boxes.","This series contains personal documents of Beulah Ruth Kerns Clatterbuck, including items related to the practice of cosmetology and a brief autobiography of her life.","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The Trio Beauty Salon Records, 1935-2007, consist of three boxes containing various records related to the Trio Beauty Salon in Harrisonburg, Virginia including legal and financial documents, record books, and personal documents of the operators of the salon.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Trio Beauty Salon -- Records and correspondence","Trio Beauty Salon -- History","Clatterbuck, Beulah Ruth Kerns, 1915-2017","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Trio Beauty Salon Records, 1935/2007"],"collection_ssim":["Trio Beauty Salon Records, 1935/2007"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0207","/repositories/4/resources/206"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0207","/repositories/4/resources/206"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"geogname_ssm":["Harrisonburg (Va.) -- Economic conditions","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Economic conditions","Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History","Virginia -- History, Local"],"geogname_ssim":["Harrisonburg (Va.) -- Economic conditions","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Economic conditions","Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History","Virginia -- History, Local"],"places_ssim":["Harrisonburg (Va.) -- Economic conditions","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Economic conditions","Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History","Virginia -- History, Local"],"creator_ssm":["Clatterbuck, Beulah Ruth Kerns, 1915-2017","Clatterbuck, Beulah Ruth Kerns, 1915-2017"],"creator_ssim":["Clatterbuck, Beulah Ruth Kerns, 1915-2017","Clatterbuck, Beulah Ruth Kerns, 1915-2017"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Clatterbuck, Beulah Ruth Kerns, 1915-2017"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Trio Beauty Salon -- Records and correspondence","Trio Beauty Salon -- History"],"creators_ssim":["Clatterbuck, Beulah Ruth Kerns, 1915-2017","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Trio Beauty Salon -- Records and correspondence","Trio Beauty Salon -- History"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. 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Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged into the following series and subseries. Series 2: Financial Records is arranged further into subseries. All series and subseries are arranged chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e    ","\u003clist numeration=\"arabic\" type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eLegal Files, 1937-1977\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eFinancial Records, 1937-1976\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003ePersonal Records, 1935-2007\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged into the following series and subseries. Series 2: Financial Records is arranged further into subseries. All series and subseries are arranged chronologically.","Legal Files, 1937-1977\n      Financial Records, 1937-1976\n      Personal Records, 1935-2007"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eTrio Beauty Salon opened on July 15, 1941 at 14 Newman Avenue, Harrisonburg, Virginia. It was known formerly as the Gay Lynn Beauty Shop. The three partners of the Trio Beauty Salon were Flora Evelyn Taylor Lamb, Mildred Bridges, and Ava Gowl, but also included Ruby Dove and Beulah Ruth Kerns Clatterbuck as owners and operators. The salon was open for 35 years before closing in 1976. After closing the salon, the owners continued to work elsewhere in the Harrisonburg area, and kept records of where they went.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Bio/Historical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Trio Beauty Salon opened on July 15, 1941 at 14 Newman Avenue, Harrisonburg, Virginia. It was known formerly as the Gay Lynn Beauty Shop. The three partners of the Trio Beauty Salon were Flora Evelyn Taylor Lamb, Mildred Bridges, and Ava Gowl, but also included Ruby Dove and Beulah Ruth Kerns Clatterbuck as owners and operators. The salon was open for 35 years before closing in 1976. After closing the salon, the owners continued to work elsewhere in the Harrisonburg area, and kept records of where they went."],"originalsloc_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOriginal documents relating to Beulah Ruth Kerns Clatterbuck were retained by the owner. Original documents were photocopied for this collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"originalsloc_heading_ssm":["Location of Originals"],"originalsloc_tesim":["Original documents relating to Beulah Ruth Kerns Clatterbuck were retained by the owner. Original documents were photocopied for this collection."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Trio Beauty Salon Records, 1935-2007, SC 0207, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Trio Beauty Salon Records, 1935-2007, SC 0207, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in 2017-2018. \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eThis collection was previously cataloged as SC 5029\u003c/emph\u003e. During this time the collection was consolidated and physically rehoused.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["In order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in 2017-2018. This collection was previously cataloged as SC 5029. During this time the collection was consolidated and physically rehoused."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Trio Beauty Salon Records consist of various documents and records pertaining to the Trio Beauty Salon and its owners and operators, including business, financial, and personal documents. The collection comprises business records, leases and agreements, tax and financial documents, and personal records of Beulah Ruth Kerns Clatterbuck.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eThis series contains legal documents and correspondence for Trio Beauty Salon from the years 1937-1977, including business and financial records, letters from the U.S. Department of Labor, and one photograph of the owners and operators.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged into two subseries: Tax Returns and Statements, 1937-1976 and Record Books, 1938-1976. Arranged chronologically within each series.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains both state and federal tax returns, Harrisonburg taxes, and tax related documents and financial statements. Folders labeled Tax Returns consists of only returns and folders labeled Tax Documents consists of returns and other tax related records.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003econtains financial records documenting costs and expenses of operation of Trio Beauty Salon, including monthly expenses in terms of supplies, wages, taxes, rent, lighting, repairs, equipment and miscellaneous expenses. Record books are housed in Oversize Hollinger boxes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series contains personal documents of Beulah Ruth Kerns Clatterbuck, including items related to the practice of cosmetology and a brief autobiography of her life.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Trio Beauty Salon Records consist of various documents and records pertaining to the Trio Beauty Salon and its owners and operators, including business, financial, and personal documents. The collection comprises business records, leases and agreements, tax and financial documents, and personal records of Beulah Ruth Kerns Clatterbuck.","This series contains legal documents and correspondence for Trio Beauty Salon from the years 1937-1977, including business and financial records, letters from the U.S. Department of Labor, and one photograph of the owners and operators.","Arranged into two subseries: Tax Returns and Statements, 1937-1976 and Record Books, 1938-1976. Arranged chronologically within each series.","Contains both state and federal tax returns, Harrisonburg taxes, and tax related documents and financial statements. Folders labeled Tax Returns consists of only returns and folders labeled Tax Documents consists of returns and other tax related records.","contains financial records documenting costs and expenses of operation of Trio Beauty Salon, including monthly expenses in terms of supplies, wages, taxes, rent, lighting, repairs, equipment and miscellaneous expenses. Record books are housed in Oversize Hollinger boxes.","This series contains personal documents of Beulah Ruth Kerns Clatterbuck, including items related to the practice of cosmetology and a brief autobiography of her life."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_995f3ff68abcd6a2ec0d84c61a2e2476\"\u003eThe Trio Beauty Salon Records, 1935-2007, consist of three boxes containing various records related to the Trio Beauty Salon in Harrisonburg, Virginia including legal and financial documents, record books, and personal documents of the operators of the salon.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The Trio Beauty Salon Records, 1935-2007, consist of three boxes containing various records related to the Trio Beauty Salon in Harrisonburg, Virginia including legal and financial documents, record books, and personal documents of the operators of the salon."],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Trio Beauty Salon -- Records and correspondence","Trio Beauty Salon -- History"],"names_coll_ssim":["Trio Beauty Salon -- Records and correspondence","Trio Beauty Salon -- History","Clatterbuck, Beulah Ruth Kerns, 1915-2017"],"persname_ssim":["Clatterbuck, Beulah Ruth Kerns, 1915-2017"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Trio Beauty Salon -- Records and correspondence","Trio Beauty Salon -- History","Clatterbuck, Beulah Ruth Kerns, 1915-2017"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":47,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:57:12.722Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_206"}}],"included":[{"type":"facet","id":"repository_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Repository","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"James Madison University","value":"James Madison University","hits":3},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Rockingham+County+%28Va.%29+--+Economic+conditions\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=James+Madison+University"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/repository_ssim.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Rockingham+County+%28Va.%29+--+Economic+conditions"}},{"type":"facet","id":"collection_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Collection","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Drugs in the valley: fifty years of Merck and Co. oral history collection, 1990","value":"Drugs in the valley: fifty years of Merck and Co. oral history collection, 1990","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Drugs+in+the+valley%3A+fifty+years+of+Merck+and+Co.+oral+history+collection%2C+1990\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Rockingham+County+%28Va.%29+--+Economic+conditions"}},{"attributes":{"label":"George W. 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