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Some series are arranged thematically and then chronologically.","Series 1 Collateral Series 2 Theater Programs Series 3 Council Series 4 Statewide Services Series 5 Gallery Guides Series 6 Marketing Series 7 ICA Reports"],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection was transferred from the Library. Accretions are added regularly when new materials are published.\u003c/p\u003e"],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Provenance"],"custodhist_tesim":["The collection was transferred from the Library. Accretions are added regularly when new materials are published."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eEdited by Denys Sutton. Originally published in Apollo, Vol. CXXII, No. 286, December 1985.\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["General"],"odd_tesim":["Edited by Denys Sutton. Originally published in Apollo, Vol. CXXII, No. 286, December 1985."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollateral and Other Publications (PB-05). 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The collection contains all kinds of formats, from small catalogs to postcards to newsletters to reports."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is subject to all copyright laws. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by copyright, beyond that allowed by fair use, requires the researcher to obtain permission of copyright holders.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Publication"],"userestrict_tesim":["The collection is subject to all copyright laws. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by copyright, beyond that allowed by fair use, requires the researcher to obtain permission of copyright holders."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_3ea927b22cf638e403d9f28cf7dfe264\"\u003eThe collection is part of the Publications Archive, and is comprised of archival copies of collateral and numerous other types of publications created by the museum, including theater programs, gallery guides, statewide services catalogs, marketing reports, and Council publications.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The collection is part of the Publications Archive, and is comprised of archival copies of collateral and numerous other types of publications created by the museum, including theater programs, gallery guides, statewide services catalogs, marketing reports, and Council publications."],"names_coll_ssim":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts","Virginia Museum of Fine Arts","Virginia Museum of Fine Arts‏. 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Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Copyright for materials authored or otherwise produced as official business of James Madison University is retained by James Madison University. Copyright status for other collection materials is unknown. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the written permission of the copyright owners. Works not in the public domain cannot be commercially exploited without permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for any use rests exclusively with the user. For more information, contact the Special Collections Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"date_range_isim":[2020,2021],"containers_ssim":["folder 42"],"_nest_path_":"/components#33","timestamp":"2026-06-03T07:05:29.192Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_690","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_690","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_690","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_690","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_690.xml","title_ssm":["James Madison University vertical files"],"title_tesim":["James Madison University vertical files"],"unitdate_ssm":["circa 1909-2025"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1909-2025"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["UA 0058","/repositories/4/resources/690"],"text":["UA 0058","/repositories/4/resources/690","James Madison University vertical files","Printed Ephemera","Collection open to research. 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Richards, Head Baker.","For commencement programs, see UA 0050.","Includes \"Wanted: Academic Freedom!\" flyer handed out at the February 12, 1970 convocation and related to the firing of three professors for \"exercising their professional rights and their civil liberties.\"","Includes exhibition catalog for \"Portrait of a Period: An Exhibition of Madisonion Costumes, 1796-1848,\" dated March 1975.","March 2002 James Madison Day invitation includes annotation that scheduled speaker Doris Kearns Goodwin was \"disinvited due to controversy over plagiarism.\"","Includes brochure for the 1941 May Day event titled \"James and Dolley Madison at Home\" which included a performance of \"Voices from Slave Quarters\" directed by Edna T. Schaeffer as well as people dressed as \"pickaninnies.\"","Includes satirical registration card for the \"Abnormal and Humbuggial School\" and  a Schedule of Course of Destruction required for a Full Diploma in Freakishness. Assorted class registration cards and receipts also included. Handwritten document - Senior dues Class of 1915. Marketing materials related to the Arboretum.","Includes partially completed Madison College Room Inspection slip, likely dated 1954.","Copyright for materials authored or otherwise produced as official business of James Madison University is retained by James Madison University. Copyright status for other collection materials is unknown. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the written permission of the copyright owners. Works not in the public domain cannot be commercially exploited without permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for any use rests exclusively with the user. 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For more information, contact the Special Collections Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Collected from a varierty of sources over time, primarily by a Special Collections staff member."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Printed Ephemera"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Printed Ephemera"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["2.6 cubic feet 154 folders in one filing cabinet"],"extent_tesim":["2.6 cubic feet 154 folders in one filing cabinet"],"genreform_ssim":["Printed Ephemera"],"date_range_isim":[1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018,2019,2020,2021,2022,2023,2024,2025,2026],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection open to research. 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Some examples are the orientation programs and the commencement planning files.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMaterials of note include the contents in the fine arts festival file which contains ephemera from 1958-1992 and has items such as a brochure from 1975 entitled \"Portrait of a Period: an Exhibition of Madisonian Costumes,\" which overviews an exhibit on costumes through the age of the university. A paper titled \"Wanted! Academic Freedom,\" found in the Convocation file, was passed out after convocation to protest the firing of three teachers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes the Alumnae Association Constitution, circa 1912.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes copy of \"Madison College: Golden Anniversary Recipes,\" a compilation of recipes by Justice Edwards, Head Baker; James Riddle, Head Cook; Lawrence Davis, Head Cook; Helen Wells, Tea Room cook; and A. W. Richards, Head Baker.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor commencement programs, see UA 0050.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes \"Wanted: Academic Freedom!\" flyer handed out at the February 12, 1970 convocation and related to the firing of three professors for \"exercising their professional rights and their civil liberties.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes exhibition catalog for \"Portrait of a Period: An Exhibition of Madisonion Costumes, 1796-1848,\" dated March 1975.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 2002 James Madison Day invitation includes annotation that scheduled speaker Doris Kearns Goodwin was \"disinvited due to controversy over plagiarism.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes brochure for the 1941 May Day event titled \"James and Dolley Madison at Home\" which included a performance of \"Voices from Slave Quarters\" directed by Edna T. Schaeffer as well as people dressed as \"pickaninnies.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes satirical registration card for the \"Abnormal and Humbuggial School\" and  a Schedule of Course of Destruction required for a Full Diploma in Freakishness. Assorted class registration cards and receipts also included. Handwritten document - Senior dues Class of 1915. Marketing materials related to the Arboretum.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes partially completed Madison College Room Inspection slip, likely dated 1954.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The James Madison University vertical files comprise 153 folders that contain printed ephemera related to James Madison University. The vertical files are an artificial collection of loose materials such as pamphlets, newspapers, posters, brochures, etc. that relate to the history of the university since its founding in 1908. The vertical files are arranged according to subject and focus on specific persons, topics, events, places and buildings, university departments, etc.","The vertical files cover a wide range of topics, some center on the student experience while others document university level events and planning. From Greek life to Glee club, certain files center on the student experience taking place within the university. Some such subjects are the African-American experience starting in 1980 to the LGBTQ+ pamphlets that were created in 2018. At the university level, there are files dedicated to specific events and administration planning. Some examples are the orientation programs and the commencement planning files.","Materials of note include the contents in the fine arts festival file which contains ephemera from 1958-1992 and has items such as a brochure from 1975 entitled \"Portrait of a Period: an Exhibition of Madisonian Costumes,\" which overviews an exhibit on costumes through the age of the university. A paper titled \"Wanted! Academic Freedom,\" found in the Convocation file, was passed out after convocation to protest the firing of three teachers.","Includes the Alumnae Association Constitution, circa 1912.","Includes copy of \"Madison College: Golden Anniversary Recipes,\" a compilation of recipes by Justice Edwards, Head Baker; James Riddle, Head Cook; Lawrence Davis, Head Cook; Helen Wells, Tea Room cook; and A. W. Richards, Head Baker.","For commencement programs, see UA 0050.","Includes \"Wanted: Academic Freedom!\" flyer handed out at the February 12, 1970 convocation and related to the firing of three professors for \"exercising their professional rights and their civil liberties.\"","Includes exhibition catalog for \"Portrait of a Period: An Exhibition of Madisonion Costumes, 1796-1848,\" dated March 1975.","March 2002 James Madison Day invitation includes annotation that scheduled speaker Doris Kearns Goodwin was \"disinvited due to controversy over plagiarism.\"","Includes brochure for the 1941 May Day event titled \"James and Dolley Madison at Home\" which included a performance of \"Voices from Slave Quarters\" directed by Edna T. Schaeffer as well as people dressed as \"pickaninnies.\"","Includes satirical registration card for the \"Abnormal and Humbuggial School\" and  a Schedule of Course of Destruction required for a Full Diploma in Freakishness. Assorted class registration cards and receipts also included. Handwritten document - Senior dues Class of 1915. Marketing materials related to the Arboretum.","Includes partially completed Madison College Room Inspection slip, likely dated 1954."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCopyright for materials authored or otherwise produced as official business of James Madison University is retained by James Madison University. Copyright status for other collection materials is unknown. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the written permission of the copyright owners. Works not in the public domain cannot be commercially exploited without permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for any use rests exclusively with the user. For more information, contact the Special Collections Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["Copyright for materials authored or otherwise produced as official business of James Madison University is retained by James Madison University. Copyright status for other collection materials is unknown. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the written permission of the copyright owners. Works not in the public domain cannot be commercially exploited without permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for any use rests exclusively with the user. For more information, contact the Special Collections Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_f819a25201d7b2b9df43183f873eeb8c\"\u003eThe James Madison University vertical files comprise 154 folders that contain printed ephemera related to James Madison University. The vertical files are an artificial collection of loose materials such as pamphlets, newspapers, posters, brochures, etc. that relate to the history of the university since its founding in 1908. The vertical files are arranged according to subject and focus on specific persons, topics, events, places and buildings, university departments, etc.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The James Madison University vertical files comprise 154 folders that contain printed ephemera related to James Madison University. The vertical files are an artificial collection of loose materials such as pamphlets, newspapers, posters, brochures, etc. that relate to the history of the university since its founding in 1908. The vertical files are arranged according to subject and focus on specific persons, topics, events, places and buildings, university departments, etc."],"names_coll_ssim":["James Madison University","Madison College","State Normal and Industrial School for Women (Harrisonburg, Va.)","State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.)","State Teachers College at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.)","James Madison University -- History","James Madison University -- Students","James Madison University -- Buildings","James Madison University -- Departments"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","James Madison University","Madison College","State Normal and Industrial School for Women (Harrisonburg, Va.)","State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.)","State Teachers College at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.)","James Madison University -- History","James Madison University -- Students","James Madison University -- Buildings","James Madison University -- Departments","James Madison University. School of Art and Art History","James Madison University. Department of Art","Madison College. Department of Art","University Farm (1929-)","Wells, Helen Lucille Irvin, 1898-1996"],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","James Madison University","Madison College","State Normal and Industrial School for Women (Harrisonburg, Va.)","State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.)","State Teachers College at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.)","James Madison University -- History","James Madison University -- Students","James Madison University -- Buildings","James Madison University -- Departments","James Madison University. School of Art and Art History","James Madison University. Department of Art","Madison College. Department of Art","University Farm (1929-)"],"persname_ssim":["Wells, Helen Lucille Irvin, 1898-1996"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":166,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-03T07:05:29.192Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_690_c34"}},{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9359_c09_c01","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"COVID-19 Vaccination Policy July 29, 2021","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_9359_c09_c01#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9359_c09_c01","ref_ssm":["viw_repositories_2_resources_9359_c09_c01"],"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9359_c09_c01","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9359","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9359","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9359_c09","parent_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9359_c09","parent_ssim":["viw_repositories_2_resources_9359","viw_repositories_2_resources_9359_c09"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viw_repositories_2_resources_9359","viw_repositories_2_resources_9359_c09"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["COVID-19 Pandemic Web Archives","University Response"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["COVID-19 Pandemic Web Archives","University Response"],"text":["COVID-19 Pandemic Web Archives","University Response","COVID-19 Vaccination Policy July 29, 2021"],"title_filing_ssi":"COVID-19 Vaccination Policy July 29, 2021","title_ssm":["COVID-19 Vaccination Policy July 29, 2021"],"title_tesim":["COVID-19 Vaccination Policy July 29, 2021"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["2021"],"normalized_date_ssm":["2021"],"normalized_title_ssm":["COVID-19 Vaccination Policy July 29, 2021"],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"collection_ssim":["COVID-19 Pandemic Web Archives"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"sort_isi":125,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Curator of Manuscripts and Rare Books, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"date_range_isim":[2021],"_nest_path_":"/components#8/components#0","timestamp":"2026-05-20T22:44:55.103Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9359","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9359","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9359","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9359","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_9359.xml","title_ssm":["COVID-19 Pandemic Web Archives"],"title_tesim":["COVID-19 Pandemic Web Archives"],"unitdate_ssm":["2020-ongoing"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["2020-ongoing"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Mss. 00329","/repositories/2/resources/9359"],"text":["Mss. 00329","/repositories/2/resources/9359","COVID-19 Pandemic Web Archives","Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Curator of Manuscripts and Rare Books, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.","Special Collections Research Center","English"],"unitid_tesim":["Mss. 00329","/repositories/2/resources/9359"],"normalized_title_ssm":["COVID-19 Pandemic Web Archives"],"collection_title_tesim":["COVID-19 Pandemic Web Archives"],"collection_ssim":["COVID-19 Pandemic Web Archives"],"repository_ssm":["College of William and Mary"],"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Curator of Manuscripts and Rare Books, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["9.5 Gigabytes"],"extent_tesim":["9.5 Gigabytes"],"date_range_isim":[2020],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Curator of Manuscripts and Rare Books, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Curator of Manuscripts and Rare Books, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":207,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-20T22:44:55.103Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_9359_c09_c01"}},{"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_766_c03_c01_c04","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Craig D. Caldwell interview","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_766_c03_c01_c04#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_766_c03_c01_c04","ref_ssm":["vilxv_repositories_3_resources_766_c03_c01_c04"],"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_766_c03_c01_c04","ead_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_766","_root_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_766","_nest_parent_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_766_c03_c01","parent_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_766_c03_c01","parent_ssim":["vilxv_repositories_3_resources_766","vilxv_repositories_3_resources_766_c03","vilxv_repositories_3_resources_766_c03_c01"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vilxv_repositories_3_resources_766","vilxv_repositories_3_resources_766_c03","vilxv_repositories_3_resources_766_c03_c01"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Military oral history collection","Vietnam War","VMI Class of 1966 Vietnam Oral History Project"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Military oral history collection","Vietnam War","VMI Class of 1966 Vietnam Oral History Project"],"text":["Military oral history collection","Vietnam War","VMI Class of 1966 Vietnam Oral History Project","Craig D. Caldwell interview","Walters, John , A. (John Arthur), 1944-","Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1966","Vietnam War, 1961-1975—Personal narratives, American","United States. Army","Oral histories"],"title_filing_ssi":"Craig D. Caldwell interview","title_ssm":["Craig D. Caldwell interview"],"title_tesim":["Craig D. Caldwell interview"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["2021 May 6"],"normalized_date_ssm":["2021"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Craig D. Caldwell interview"],"component_level_isim":[3],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"collection_ssim":["Military oral history collection"],"creator_ssim":["Walters, John , A. (John Arthur), 1944-"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":98,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["A small number of interviews carry donor access restrictions.  Most are available without restriction."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may \nnot be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"date_range_isim":[2021],"names_ssim":["Walters, John , A. (John Arthur), 1944-"],"persname_ssim":["Walters, John , A. (John Arthur), 1944-"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1966","Vietnam War, 1961-1975—Personal narratives, American","United States. Army","Oral histories"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1966","Vietnam War, 1961-1975—Personal narratives, American","United States. Army","Oral histories"],"_nest_path_":"/components#2/components#0/components#3","timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:11:07.355Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_766","ead_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_766","_root_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_766","_nest_parent_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_766","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VMI/repositories_3_resources_766.xml","title_ssm":["Military oral history collection"],"title_tesim":["Military oral history collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["2003-2014"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["2003-2014"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS.0510","/repositories/3/resources/766"],"text":["MS.0510","/repositories/3/resources/766","Military oral history collection","World War, 1914-1918","World War, 1939-1945","Korean War (1950-1953)","Vietnam War (1961-1975)","Persian Gulf War (1991)","Iraq War, 2003-2011","Afghan War, 2001-2021","Oral histories","A small number of interviews carry donor access restrictions.  Most are available without restriction.","These interviews are not available online. Please contact the VMI Archives for information about accessing this material.","The bulk of this collection is available online.","The Military Oral History Project was orginally an initiative of VMI's John A. Adams '71 Center for Military History and Strategic Analysis. The Center's first Director, Kip Muir (served 2002-2011) initiated the oral history program, in which VMI cadets interviewed veterans as part of their military history coursework. Subsequent cadet-conducted interviews were overseen by the Center's second Director, Bradley L. Coleman.  ","In addition, a 2015 collaborate effort between Coleman and journalist Lisa Tracy resulted in a number of interviews conducted by Tracy with VMI World War II alumni.","Alfred A. Alvarez was born in 1924 and grew up in Chelsea, Massachusetts. He enlisted in July 1942, and following stateside training, joined the 1st Infantry Division in England. He took part in the Normandy invasion, hitting \"Easy Red,\" Omaha Beach on D-Day. He subsequently saw action in the Champagne campaigns and at Hurtgen Forest, the Battle of the Bulge, and in Czechoslovakia. ","Alvarez re-enlisted in the Reserves in 1945, and during his thirty-two years of duty served combat tours in Korea and Vietnam, and was deployed to Central and South America. He was inducted into the United States Army Officer Candidate School (OCS) Hall of Fame in April 2003. ","Ernest A. Andrews was born in 1923 in Tennessee and was drafted into the United States Army in 1943. He served in the 16th Infantry, H Company, First Infantry Division (Big Red One) until the end of the World War II, and was in combat at Normandy, and in the Rhineland, Central Europe, and Ardennes, France.","Joseph L. Argenzio was born in 1927 New York City, New York. He entered the United States Army in 1944 and, following training, was assigned to the First Infantry Division, 3rd Battalion, 16th Infantry, M Company. On D-Day he was part of the first wave at Omaha Beach, France. Argenzio subsequently saw combat in France, Belgium, and Germany, and participated in the liberation of Falkenau concentration camp in Czechoslovakia.","Charles D. Bachman enlisted in the United States Navy in 1943 and became a part of the V12 Unit in Champaign, Illinois. A summary of his military services includes:\n November 1944–1945: Attended Midshipmens School at Columbia University, New York March 1943–1945: Attended Destroyer Schools in Norfolk, Virginia June 1945–August 1945: Attended Tactical Radar School in Hollywood Beach, Florida August 1945–October 1945: Attended Fighter Director School in St. Simons, Georgia November 1945–August 1946: Served as deck officer, Combat Information Center watch officer, and fighter director on board the USS Warrington (DD-843)","John Gilchrist Barrett was born in 1921 in Gastonia, North Carolina. In 1942 he joined the United States Naval Reserves and was commissioned following his graduation from Wake Forest University. Barrett served in the Pacific Theater on the LCI(L)-1052 (Landing Craft Infantry Large). He was discharged in 1946 and enrolled in graduate school, receiving a PhD in history from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Barrett was a Professor of History at VMI from 1953 until his retirement in 1987. He died in 2013 in Lexington, Virginia.","Hobert Bodkin joined the United States Marine Corps in September 1942 and was assigned to the 1st Marine Division in March 1944. He went into combat during the invasion of Peleliu Island, Palau, and in April 1945 took part in the invasion of Okinawa, Japan.","Charles Brooks, a native of North Carolina, was drafted in May 1943. Following stateside service with an Anti-Aircraft Artillery (AAA) unit, he was shipped to Europe where he was assigned to Company A, 16th Infantry Regiment, 1st Division. He served as a first scout until the end of World War II.","Fred Brown was drafted in 1942 at the age of 19. After receiving training at Fort Jackson, South Carolina, he shipped out to the European theater. Brown took part in the Normandy invasion, the Battle of the Bulge, and the Battle of Hurtgen Forest.","Guy B. Burnette was born in 1921 in North Carolina and was drafted in 1942. After training, his unit was stationed in Hawaii for island defense, and after the atomic bombs were dropped on Japan, he was sent there for occupation duty.  Following World War II,  Burnett returned to North Carolina where he raised a family and was a farmer and construction worker.","Stanley Caulkins served as a B-17 radio operator in the United States Army Air Force from 1943 to 1946.","Robert L. Cheatham, Jr. graduated from Clemson University, South Carolina, and was commisioned as a second lieutenant through the Reserve Officers' Training Corps (ROTC) program in August 1942. Following training he was shipped overseas and arrived in North Africa on December 26, 1942. On February 13, 1943 he was assigned to C Company, 26th Infantry, First Division. Cheatham was captured by the Germans at Kasserine Pass, Tunisia on February 20, 1943 and was a prisoner of war until he was liberated on April 29, 1945.","Allen E. Clark enlisted in the United States Marine Corps in 1942 and served during World War II in the Pacific Theater on Bougainville, Guam, and Iwo Jima. He was a member of B Company, 1st Battalion, 21st Marine Regiment, 3rd Marine Division.","Glen Cleckler served with the United States Marine Corps during World War II from February 1943 to December 1945. His service included participation in the Battle of Iwo Jima.","William H. Collier served in World War II in the 106th Cavalry Regiment (mechanized). He participated in several campaigns in Europe, including Normandy, northern France, Rhineland, Ardennes-Alsace, and Central Europe. He also served in the Army of Occupation in Austria. His later career included postings in Korea, Germany, Hawaii, Vietnam, and the Pentagon. He retired in 1971, having obtained the rank of Lieutenant Colonel.","Cyril G. Cousart enlisted in the United States Army in 1942 and became a flight crew member on the B-29 bomber. His unit was stationed at Saipan in the Marianas and he flew on 35 missions over mainland Japan.","Chalmer E. Cowan was born in 1919 in Pennsylvania and was drafted in the United States Army in October 1941. After basic training, he was assigned to Battery A, 27th Field Artillery Battalion. He fought throughout North Africa and Italy during World War II. Cowan was discharged in July 1945.","George E. Cvengros (1923-1985) served in the 134th Infantry Regiment, Company \"F.\" His unit landed on Omaha Beach on July 5, 1944 and fought throughout France and Germany. He participated in the Battle of the Bulge, Germany, and was in Hannover, Germany when World War II ended.","Joseph O. Dazzo joined the United States Army in 1940 and was assigned to the 1st Infantry Division as a combat medic. He served in North Africa and Sicily, and took part in the Normandy invasion. His unit subsequently fought through France, Belgium, Germany, and Czechoslovakia. Dazzo was discharged in September 1945.","Nathan DeSantis joined the Merchant Marines in December 1941 and is a graduate of the Merchant Marine Academy, Class of 1944. He served throughout World War II on various vessels that carryied cargo in support of combat operations. DeSantis spent his entire career in the Merchant Marines and retired in 1988.","Robert Fred Dexter was born in Massachusetts in 1925. He joined the United States Army in January 1944 and served in World War II, Korea, Central and South America, and in Vietnam. Following the end of his Army service in 1971, he began a career with the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms.","Mark R. Dixon grew up on a farm in York County, South Carolina, and was drafted in the United States Army in July 1945. He served one year with the First Infantry Division during the post-World War II occupation of Germany.","Walter M. Duncan, Sr. entered the United States Army Air Forces in November 1943 and received flight training on several aircraft before being assigned to the B-24.","Howard Dunfee was drafted in 1943 into the United States Army and was assigned to the 1st Infantry Division. He landed in Normandy on three days after D-Day and served as a front line infantryman, machine gun bearer, and gunner until he was seriously wounded near Aachen, Germany. After receiving treatment in several hospitals, Dunfee returned to the United States and was discharged in April 1945.","Allen D. Evans was born and raised in Indiana and is a decorated veteran of World War II. He enlisted in the United States Army in December 1942 and served in Europe with the 76th Field Artillery Battalion. He was a Staff Sergeant in charge of the Fire Direction Center and saw action throughout the European Theater of Operations (ETO), including the battles at Remagen, Germany and Ardennes Forest, France.","Robert R. Fair was born in Kansas in 1925. After spending a semester at Louisiana State University in the Army Specialized Training Program (ASTP), he entered the regular United States Army in mid-December 1943. He was assigned to the 100th Infantry Division, arriving in Europe (Marseille, France) in October 1944. Fair fought on the front lines as the Division moved through France and Germany until he was wounded in April 1945.","William C. Farmer was born in 1926 and joined the United States Navy after graduating from high school in 1944. He was stationed aboard an LSM (Landing Ship Medium) serving in the Pacific theater. His vessel operated in the Mariana Islands and supported the invasion of Okinawa, Japan in the Spring of 1945.","Edward Feightner was designated as a Naval Aviator in 1942, commissioned as an Ensign from that date, and subsequently progressed in rank to that of Rear Admiral 1971. During his distinguished career, he served in World War II as an Engineering Officer for various squadrons that operated in the Pacific theater. He was a test pilot and a member of the \"Blue Angels,\" and has over twenty years of experience in command of squadrons, airwings, ships, training units, and major staffs.","William Funkhouser, a decorated veteran of World War II, grew up in the Shenandoah Valley near Strasburg, Virginia. He joined the United States Army in February 1943 and served with F Company, 16th Regiment, First Infantry Division (Big Red One). He landed in Normandy on D-Day, June 6, 1944, and subsequently fought in the Battle of the Bulge.","Donald E. Furman grew up in Pennsylvania and was drafted in 1941. He served as a light tank driver in the European theater where his unit was assigned to reconnaissance duty.","Roy George was born in 1927 in New Jersey and enlisted in the United States Navy in August 1944. During his time in service, he completed Aviation A and B Schools and was assigned to service seaplanes and other aircraft. George received an honorable discharge in August 1948, leaving the Navy as an Aviation Metalsmith, 2nd Class Petty Officer.","Frank J. Haggerty enlisted in the United States Army Air Corps on December 8, 1941, one day after the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. Following stateside training as an aircraft mechanic, he shipped overseas and was stationed at Polebrook Army Air Force Station (Northamptonshire, United Kingdom) home of the Eighth Air Force. Haggerty's unit (320th Service Squadron attached to the 351st Bomb Group) serviced the B-17 Flying Fortress. At the end of World War II Haggerty remained in the Air Force for a total of 20 years, retiring in 1962.","R. \"Hap\" Halloran served in the United States Army Air Force during World War II. He was a B-29 navigator with the 73rd Wing, 499th Bomb Group, 878th Squadron, flying missions over Japan from a base in Saipan, northern Marianas. Halloran was shot down over Japan on January 27, 1945 and became a prisoner of war.","John Selden Halsey, VMI Class of 1943, entered the United States Army in May 1943. A decorated combat veteran, he served in Europe with the 116th Mechanized Reconnaissance Squadron and was wounded in action in Germany in February 1945.","R. Marlowe Harper was attending the University of Alabama when he was drafted in 1942. He was trained in radar and was ground crew member for the B-29 bomber, maintaining the gun laying set. Harper spend the last 8 months of World War II on Guam, where he supported missions bombing oil refineries in Japan. He was attached to the 20th Air Force, 15th Bomb Wing, 21st Squadron.","Jerome \"Bud\" Holzman served in Europe with the United States Army 94th Infantry Division from March 1945 to August 1945. As World War II came to an end, his unit was assigned to patrol, guard, and similar occupation duties in Germany and Czechoslovakia. He spent the final three months of his overseas duty at George S. Patton's 3rd Army Headquarters.","William Howard enlisted in the United States Navy in 1939 and attended boot camp at the Great Lakes Naval Station, Illinois. He served in the Asiatic Fleet from 1939-1943. After leaving the Navy, he worked in a munitions factory.","John Poindexter Irby III, VMI Class of 1944, was inducted into the United States Army in 1943, graduated from Officer Candidate School in 1944 and was first assigned to the 30th Cavalry Reconnaissance Squadron in Fort Riley, Kansas.","Carl F. Jenkins grew up on a dairy farm near Gastonia, North Carolina. He was drafted in August 1944 at the age of 18. After completing basic training, he was sent overseas as a replacement in the Big Red One during the Battle of the Bulge. Jenkins was wounded by scrapnel on February 28, 1945 and was awarded the Bronze Star and Purple Heart.","John R. Kershaw, a World War II veteran, served as a B-17 bomber pilot in Europe. Following training he was assigned to the 92nd Bomb Group, 327th Squadron, at Podington, England. Kershaw flew numerous combat missions, bombing targets over Germany.","Frank E. King was born in 1922 in Wythe County, Virginia. He volunteered for the United States Army in September 1942 and served with Headquarters Company, 2nd Battalion, 16th Infantry Regiment, 1st Infantry Division throughout World War II. King was in North Africa, Sicily, and landed at Omaha Beach on D-Day. He subsequently saw action in other major battles, including Huertgen Forest, Germany, and the Battle of the Bulge. King served overseas for more than 30 months and was awarded several decorations, including the Bronze Star.","Vice Admiral Jerome H. King, Jr. received his commission in the United States Navy in 1941, following his graduation from Yale University. His distinguished career began with service in the Pacific Theater during World War II and continued for over three decades until his retirement from active duty in 1974.","Edmund B. Kinter joined the United States Merchant Marines in 1943 and served on Liberty ships carrying ammunition and supplies across the Atlantic.","Leonard G. Lawton was born in 1919 in Orlando, Florida and entered the United States Marine Corps following his graduation from Stetson University in 1941. After completing boot camp and officer training, he served with the 1st Marine Division in the Pacific Theater where he saw extensive action and witnessed firsthand the conditions of jungle fighting. Lawton was awarded:\n The Silver Star for action on Guadalcanal The Purple Heart for a wound received in November 1942 Two Presidential Unit citations one personal letter of citation from Admiral William Halsey","Walter Luikart joined the United States Merchant Marines in 1943. He served on nine ships, including Liberty ships that carried cargo and on troop ships in the English Channel that delivered soldiers and vehicles to the beachhead. Luikart's assignments took him to the North Atlantic, Indian Ocean, and Mediterranean Sea. He left the service in 1947.","Demetrius \"Pete\" Lypka was born in 1918 in New Jersey and enlisted in the United States Army in 1941. He was assigned to the 1st Infantry Division, 16th Infantry, Company G and served until the end of World War II, seeing action in North Africa, Italy, France, and Germany. Lypka was discharged in July 1945 and returned home to start a career as a carpenter.","Alexander Marsh enlisted in the United States Army in June 1942. He served as a 57mm anti-tank gun platoon commander with the 106th Infantry and was deployed to Europe. He was captured in the Ardennes, France on December 16, 1944 and spent three months in Stalag IX, Germany.","Charles H. McKinney was born in 1920 in Selma, Alabama and joined the United States Army during the early days of World War II. After completing Officer Candidate School (OCS) in 1942, he joined the 509th Parachute Battalion in North Africa. He subsequently saw combat in Italy, France, and Belgium. McKinney also fought with the 505th Regiment, 82nd Airborne Division during the Korean War. He retired from active duty in 1962.","Alexander Michnewich was born in 1923 in Brooklyn, New York. From 1943 to 1946 he served in the United States Army Corps of Engineers, 1905th Aviation Battalion, and was stationed in the China-Burma-India theater.","Robert Moberg joined the United States Marine Corps in April 1943. After initial assignments, his unit was sent to Camp Tarawa, Hawaii, to join the 5th Marine Division and train for the invasion of Japan. He was en route to Japan when World War II ended, and went into Japan as part of the occupation forces.","Malcolm Muir, Sr. served with the United States Naval Reserve from 1942 to 1945 as an Armed Guard officer on board the SS Booker T. Washington (troop ship, Liberty ship), the Sinclair H-C (merchant tanker), and the SS Carleton Ellis (merchant tanker, Liberty ship).","Wilma Murray joined the United States Army Nurse Corps in 1941. After stateside training, she shipped overseas to England. She subsequently was deployed to Normandy and landed on Omaha Beach 10 days after D-Day. Murray served in evacuation hospitals attached to the 1st Army, treating the wounded as the troops fought through France and Belgium. At the end of the War, she was in Germany where she cared for tuberculosis patients in the liberated Buchenwald concentration camp.","James B. Naughton served for three years in the United States Marine Corps. Much of that time was spent in the hospital due to serious injuries received as a result of combat action during the Battle of Iwo Jima in 1945. Naughton is a successful accountant and worked at Naughton, Cesario and Company, which he began following his military service.","Guy C. Nicely, Jr. grew up in Lexington, Virginia and is a decorated veteran of World War II. He was drafted in the United States Army in February 1943 and soon joined the First Division, the Big Red One. After serving briefly in Sicily, Italy, his unit was sent to England to train for the D-Day invasion on June 6, 1944. He landed on Omaha Beach and later fought in the Battle of the Bulge. He received both the Bronze Star and the Purple Heart.","Edwin A. \"Ned\" Noble grew was born in 1922 in Bethel, Vermont and attended Tufts University after graduating from high school. He was drafted in the United States Army in 1944 and was assigned to the 1st Infantry Division, serving in the Ardennes, Rhineland, and Central Europe. He subsequently served as Acting Battalion Sergeant major during occupation duty in Nuremberg, Germany. Noble died on January 3, 2013 in Washington, D.C.","Cononel Anthony J. Perna (Retired) had a distinguished thirty year career in the United States Air Force and was among the youngest officers to reach the rank of Colonel. During World War II he served as a flight instructor for B-17s and B-24s. He was subsequently involved in both the Berlin Airlift (Germany) and in the creation of the United States flight simulation program. Perna also had assignments as the Defense Attaché to Israel during the Six Day War, in the Strategic Air Command (SAC) during the Cold War, and he served on the staff of the Joint Chiefs at the Pentagon.","George Porter enlisted in the United States Army at the beginning of the World War II and served at the famed Tuskegee Army Air Field, Alabama as a mechanic ground crew chief. He worked primarily on the P-40 and was responsible for training the mechanics who supported the Tuskegee Fighter Squadrons.","Carl D. Proffitt enlisted in the National Guard of Virginia in 1939 and reported for active duty on February 3, 1941, at Fort George G. Meade, Maryland. He shipped overseas to England in September of 1942. He served with K Company, 116th Infantry, 29th Division, for the D-Day Invasion. Among his numerous decorations are the Distinguished Service Cross, the Silver Star, two Bronze Stars, three Purple Hearts, the Good Conduct Medal, the Pre Pearl Harbor Medal, the Combat Infantry Badge, the French Freedom Medal, and the State of Virginia Distinguished Service Award.","Julian M. Quarles, Jr. served as an United States Army infantry officer (36th Division) during World War II, taking part in the landing at Salerno, Italy. He and another officer were captured, escaped from the prison train carrying them to Germany, and then made their way back to their outfit after 33 days behind German lines.","During World War II, Richard Rathmell served as a 3rd Assistant Engineer on a merchant marine vessel. His ships made ammunition runs in support of the war effort, including a North Atlantic crossing to supply the Battle of the Bulge.","Emmett F. Reagan was born in 1924 in Norfolk, Virginia and joined the United States Navy in 1942. After completing flight school, he served as a pilot in the Pacific Theater flying search and destroy missions.","John M. Remaly served in the United States Army Air Force from 1943 to 1945. He was an engineer on a B-24 Liberator bomber, flying in India, Burma, and China with the 10th Army Air Force. He was seriously burned when his plan made a crash landing on July 29, 1944.","William Repke enlisted in the United States Army in 1938 with the 102nd Cavalry. He went overseas to England in September 1942, then to Algiers, Africa in January of 1943. His unit was transferred to Italy and went into combat in Rome. He made the invasion of South France with the 117th Cavalry Squadron. Repke received a Battlefield Commission in October 1944, transferred to the 36th Infanty Division and then served six months in combat with Company B, 142nd Infantry. He was discharged in September 1945, having received the European Theater of Operations (ETO) Service Ribbon with five battle stars and one arrowhead, the Presidential Unit Citation, Combat Infantry Badge, Silver Star, and Bronze Star.","Charles A. Riley joined the United States Navy in 1943 at the age of 16. During World War II he served with the Navy's Scouts and Raiders, participating with the United States Marines in several campaigns, including the landing at Iwo Jima, Japan. Following the War he enrolled in college and subsequently joined the United States Army (Airborne) and then transferred to the Air Force, serving as an aviator. He flew missions in both Korea and Vietnam. Riley retired from active duty in 1970.","Kenneth D. Rupe was drafted into the United States Army in May 1942 and was assigned to hospital administration in the 300th General Hospital. The unit shipped overseas in the fall of 1943 and Rupe spent the bulk of the war in Naples, Italy in the 300th Headquarters.","Edward A. Ryan served with the United States Army, 29th Infantry, from 1943 to 1946.","Robert Sams enlisted in the United States Coast Guard in 1943. He spent 17 months at sea aboard the USS Cambria (APA 36) and participated in landing troops in the Marshall and Mariana Islands, the Philippines, Saipan, and Okinawa (Japan). Sams was also part of the first United States forces to land at Nagasaki, Japan six weeks after an atomic bomb destroyed the city.","Luther J. Schilling served with the United States Army, G-3 106th Infantry Division, Army of Occupation in Germany from 1944 to 1946.","Arthur Schintzel is a decorated veteran of World War II and the recipient of two Purple Hearts. He was drafted in 1942 and served in Europe with the United States Army 16th Infantry, First Infantry Division. He took part in the Normandy, France invasion on D-Day and was seriously wounded in action.","Charles B. Shaeff served in the United States Navy Reserves from June 24, 1943 to March 24, 1946.","First Lieutenant Gale Shreffler joined the United States Army Air Force in 1941. He was a B-29 Navigator based on Tinian Island, Marianas Islands where he served with the 313th Bomb Wing, 504th Bomb Group. Shreffler took part in bombing raids over Japan and crash landed on Iwo Jima in July 1945.","Alfred St. Clair was born in Bedford County, Virginia in 1918. He was drafted into the United States Army in July 1941 and served until the end of World War II. He was with the Fifth Army in England, North Africa, and Italy, including the Battle of Anzio (Italy). He is the recipient of the Purple Heart.","Philip O. Stewart enlisted in the United States Army in 1941. His first assignments were stateside with an anti-aircraft artillery battalion. In 1944 he shipped overseas and joined the First Division at the Roer River (Germany) crossing. Stewart fought with the unit in Germany until he was seriously wounded near the end of World War II.","Jack Talbot grew up in New Jersey and was working as a riveter when he was drafted into the United States Army in 1942. He shipped overseas in March 1943 and was assigned as a radioman at Headquarters Company, 1st Battalion, 26th Infantry. Talbot's unit served in North Africa, Sicily, France, and Germany until the end of World War II.","Samuel Tarkenton grew up in Norfolk, Virginia, and was drafted into the United States Army in March 1944. He shipped overseas as an infantry replacement in Company D, 26th Infantry, 1st Infantry Division. He fought in the Battle of the Bulge, in Czechloslovakia, and during the early part of the occupation was assigned to the war crimes trials in Nuremberg, Germany. Tarkenton was discharged in March 1946 and returned home to a career at the Norfolk Shipyard.","George J. Tompkins, Jr. enlisted in the United States Army in September 1942. He went overseas in 1943 and was assigned as a radio operator with the 1st Signal Company, 1st Infantry Division. Following time in North Africa, Sicily, and England, Tompkins participated in the Normandy (France) landing on D-Day and subsequently went into Belgium and Germany where he was in the Battle of Hurtgen Forest. He was discharged in October 1945.","Captain Meeks B. Vaughan commissioned into the United States Army Air Force as a 2nd Lieutenant in June 1942 while at the University of Tennessee. From March 1944 to October 1945 he was stationed at Guadalcanal (Solomon Islands), Bougainville (Solomon Islands), Leyte (Philippines), Morotai (Indonesia), and Palawan (Philippines), serving as an Intelligence Officer (S-2) and Captain.","A decorated veteran of World War II, William H. Wills was born in 1919 in New York City. He joined the United States Army in October 1940 and was assigned to the First Infantry Division, First Engineer Combat Battalion, B Company. Wills served for the entire war, fighting in North Africa, Tunisia, Sicily (Italy), and taking part in the D-Day landing on Omaha Beach (France). He subsequently fought in the Battle of the Bulge and ended the War in Czechoslovakia. After the War he served for 27 years as an officer with the New York City Police Department.","Colonel Tyson Wilson served with the United States Marine Corps (active duty and Reserves) from 1941 to 1977. For his service he received the Bronze Star with Combat V, the Purple Heart, and two Presidential Unit Citations (Guadalcanal and Tarawa).","William D. Badgett graduated from VMI in 1953 and served in the United States Air Force as a 1st Lieutenant from November 1953 to July 1955. From July 1954 to 1955 he was stationed in Korea. He served with the 608th Aircraft Control and Warning Squadron, first with Detachment #1 (Target Director Post) and then with Detachment #2 on the island of Pyongyang-do (radar surveillance). Badgett joined the VMI faculty in the fall of 1955 and spent his entire teaching career at VMI.","In 1957 Ovid Belt enlisted in the United States Army and served two years active duty and two years in the reserves. He deployed overseas to Korea with the 34th Infantry Division and later saw stateside duty with the 14th Infantry Division.","Colonel Wesley L. Fox enlisted in the United States Marines on August 4, 1950, and served two tours with the 1st Marine Division in Korea. He commissioned as a 2nd Lieutenant in 1966, and was first assigned to the 2nd Force Reconnaissance. He subsequently had numerous other assignments during his long and distinguished career. Fox's many decorations include the Medal of Honor and the Purple Heart.","Vernon A. Good served with the United States Marines from September of 1950 through November of 1951. He in the Inchon–Seoul Campaign, Wonsan Hungnam Chosin Campaign, North Korea. Good has received the following awards:\n Korean Service Medal with the Silver Star National Defense Medal Presidential Unit Citation (three times) United Nations Service Medal Korea Presidential Unit Citation–Foreign (two times)","Technical Sergeant Raymond A. Johnson served with the United States Marine Corps from 1948 to 1952.","Joseph W. Kovac enlisted in the United States Navy in 1950 and served during the Korean War aboard the destroyer USS Allen M. Sumner (DD 692). The ship was active in Pusan, Korea, where the mission was to prevent the progress of enemy supply trains. Kovac left the Navy in 1954 and returned to civilian life.","Leonard L. Lewane commissioned in the United States Army following his graduation from VMI in 1950 and rose to the rank of Colonel before retiring in 1974. During the Korean War (1950-1953) he served with the 72nd Tank Battalion, 2nd Infantry Division and the 64th Tank Battalion, 3rd Infantry Divison. During the Vietnam War (1965-1966) he served with the 1st Squadron, 4th Cavalry \"Quarter Horse\", 1st Division \"Big Red One.\" Lewane's Cold War assignments in Germany included Commander, 1st Brigade, 1st Armored Division (1972-1973) and Chief of Staff, United States Army Berlin (1973-1974).","Charles W. McKellar served with the United States Army Transport Service (1944-1945), the United States Marine Corps (1945–1949 and 1951–1966), and with the United States Marine Corps Reserve (1949–1951).","Bill Rivers Penn, MD, served in the United States Navy from 1950 to 1955. This included a tour of duty with the United States Marines from November 1952 to May 1953 as a Fleet Marine Force (FMF) corpsman.","John T. Pepper served with the Air National Guard as a mechanic prior to the Korean War. During the War he served as an infantryman.","From 1972 to 1973, Terry G. Allison served in the United States Navy as an Petty Officer Second Class, Aviation Storekeeper in San Diego  (California), Millington (Tennessee), Yorktown (Virginia), and Vietnam.","Brigadier General Norman Michael Bissell graduated from VMI in 1961 and commissioned in the United States Army, retiring in 1987. He served two tours as a combat helicopter pilot in Vietnam. His other assignments included:\n Commander of the 17th Aviation Group Commander of the Joint Republic of Korea Army and the United States Army Combined Aviation Force Director of the United States Army Flight Training and Deputy Chief and Acting Chief of Staff of the 101st Airborne Division (Air Assault) Two years in the Joint Chiefs of Staff at the Pentagon as Executive Officer to the Director of Operations (J3).","Lawrence E. Boese joined the United States Air Force following his graduation from VMI in 1966 and rose to the rank of Lieutenant General before retiring in 1996.","After commissioning in 1967, Michael L. Bozeman spent three years in the United States Army, including a year in Vietnam, where he served with distinction as a platoon leader and commanded a Long Range Reconnaissance Patrol Unit. His awards and decorations include the Silver Star, Bronze Star, Legion of Merit, Air Medal, Meritorious Service Medal, the Combat Infantryman's Badge, and the Ranger Tab. He is also a retired Brigadier General in the United States Army Reserve.","George M. Brooke, III, was a commissioned officer in the United States Marine Corps from 1967 to 1994, retiring at rank of Colonel. A summary of his military service includes:\n 1968-1969: First Marine Division, Vietnam, as an artillery forward observer and battery fire direction officer 1969-1972: United States Field Artillery School, Fort Sill, Oklahoma, as an Instructor, Gunnery Department 1973-1974: Third Marine Division, Okinawa, Japan, as a Rifle Company Commander 1974-1975: Marine Detachment, USS Canopus (AS-34), Holy Loch, Scotland, as a Commanding Officer 1976-1979: Second Marine Division, Camp Lejeune, North Carolina, as a Battalion Operations Officer, Logistics Officer, and Artillery Battery Commanding Officer 1983-1984: Headquarters, United States Marine Corps, Washington, D.C., as a Maritime Prepositioning Ships (MPS) Program Project Officer 1985-1986: III Marine Amphibious Force, Okinawa, Japan, as a Force Plans Officer 1986-1991: 1st Marine Corps District, Garden City, New York, as a Commanding Officer, Executive Officer, and Operations Officer 1991-1994: Joint Staff, Pentagon, in Washington, D.C., as a Division Chief, J-7 Directorate.","Bayes L. Bryant was born in Washington, D.C. in 1948 and enlisted in the United States Army in March 1968. He served until January 1972, completing two combat tours in Vietnam.","Captain Lloyd C. Burger graduated from the United States Coast Guard Academy in New London, Connecticut, and served with the Coast Guard from 1960 to 1988.","Colonel Leland H. Burgess commissioned at the University of Alabama as a 2nd lieutenant of artillery in May of 1965. He entered active duty in February of 1966 and underwent Artillery Basic Training at Fort Sill, Oklahoma. Burgess was a helicopter pilot in the Vietnam War from July 1967 to February 1968.","Richard F. Cayo served with the United States Navy from 1952 to 1973, serving on the USS Rushmore (LSD-47), USS Rankin (AKA-103), USS Cambria (APA-36), USS Okinawa (LPH-3), and USS DuPont (DD-941).","An infantry officer, Colonel William H. Dabney served 37 years in the Marine Corps, including two tours in Vietnam. He earned numerous citations, including the Silver Star, two Bronze Stars and two Vietnamese Crosses of Gallantry, and the Navy Cross. While in Vietnam, he commanded India Company, 3rd Battalion, 26th Marines, on Hill 881S during the Battle of Khe Sanh, for which he was awarded the Navy Cross in 2005.","Charles L. Dailey grew up in Pennsylvania, attending college there and in Indiana. He joined the United States Army in 1957, went through flight school, and was rated to fly both rotary and fixed wing aircraft. Dailey served two tours of duty in Vietnam, piloting the U-1A \"Otter\" and the twin-engine U-8D.","Terry J. Davis commissioned in the United States Army as a 2nd Lieutenant in April 1968 and entered active duty at Fort Bliss, Texas in September. He was assigned to the 1st Air Cavalry Division, serving in the Vietnam War from September 1969 to June 1970. Davis was a forward observer attached to an infantry company responsible for patrolling the jungles in the region known as the \"corridors\" to Saigon. He also participated in the invasion of Cambodia.","Lieutenant Colonel Lee S. Dewald served on active duty with the United States Army from 1969 to 1992. His military service included time as a Brigade Assistant (Operations), 3rd Brigade, 1st Cavalry Division, Vietnam, during which he planned combat intelligence operations for two air cavalry troops, a ranger company, and was involved in many other intelligence-related assignments. Dewald also was a Professor of Applied Mathematics at VMI, retiring in 2017.","Blaise S. DiMartino served in the United States Navy from September 1966 to August 1970 as a machinery repairman, 3rd class. He spent one year in Vietnam aboard a river boat repair ship and 24 months aboard the USS Monticello (LSD-35), in the Pacific Region.","Floyd H. Duncan graduated from VMI in 1964 and was on active duty in the United States Army from 1965 to 1967. He subsequently served in the Army Reserves. From 1978 to 2013 he was a member of the VMI faculty.","Captain Ronald A. Erchul spent twenty years in the United States Navy following his graduation from the Naval Academy in 1961. An ocean engineer, he received a Master's degree from the Naval Post-Graduate School and a PhD from the University of Rhode Island.","Alan F. Farrell was born in 1945 in Hanover, New Hampshire  and joined the United States Army (Special Forces) in 1966, serving in Vietnam from 1968 to 1970. Following his Army service, Farrell received a Bachelor's, Master's, and PhD from Tufts University and began a career in higher education.","Admiral William J. Flanagan commissioned in the United States Navy in 1967 and was selected for flag rank in his 20th year of service. He was subsequently among the youngest officers to achieve four star rank. During his 29-year career, he served in all theaters of operations,  including the Vietnam War, Persian Gulf War, and Iraq War. Flanagan served as:\n Commander, United States Second Fleet Commander of North Atlantic Treaty Organization's (NATO) Striking Fleet Commander in Chief, United States Atlantic Fleet NATO's Commander-in-Chief, Western Atlantic \nAmong his many military decorations are the Navy and Defense Distinguished Service Medals. Flanagan retired from the Navy in 1996.","Robert L. Gardner served in the Vietnam War as a United States Army avionics technician in the 56th Battalion, 330th Company and attached to the 611th Company. He worked primarily on helicopters.","William Grady went through United States Army basic training at Fort Jackson, South Carolina and then on to Fort Riley, Kansas, where he was with the 1st Division, 26th Infantry, C Company. He served in Vietnam and left the armed services as a Specialist 4.","Thomas Turner went through United States Army basic training at Fort Jackson, South Carolina, and then went to Fort Sam Houston, Texas for medical training. In Vietnam he served as a line medic for approximately eleven months in the field, one month in the rear. Upon his return from Vietnam, he worked in Fort Belvoir, Virginia, in the flight surgeon's office.","Arbury Daryl Hooker was drafted in June of 1969 into the United States Army Special Forces and served with Project Phoenix during the Vietnam War. During his military career he was stationed in Korea (1973-1974), Fort Bragg, California (1974-1976), Fort Greely, Alaska (1979), and Fort Eustis, Virginia (1979-1983). He also served with Task Force 160th Delta Force from 1983 to 1987 and in 1987, the Virginia Army National Guard.","Colonel Robert M. Hudson served as a pilot with the United States Air Force and was a prisoner of war for 93 days in Vietnam. During his career he flew the T-39, B-52F, B-52D, B-52H, FB-111, F-100 and F-16. He served as:\n Chief, battlestaff, Looking Glass Base Commander, Brooks Air Force Base, Texas Base Commander at a classified location Inspector General, Ramstein Air Base, Germany Director of Strategic Air Command, Strategic Communication Division","Brigadier General William C. Jones was appointed to the United States Air Force Academy in 1960 and received his commission as a Second Lieutenant in 1964. Upon completion of F-105 training in 1967, he was assigned to the 333rd Tactical Fighter Squadron, Takhli, Thailand, where he flew 189 combat missions, 123 over North Vietnam. Jones is a command pilot with over 6,000 flying hours in the T-33, T-37, T-38, F-102, F-105, F-106, A-7, C-26, and F-16 aircraft, including over 562 combat hours. He served as Assistant Adjutant General for Air, Headquarters, Virginia Air National Guard, based at Richmond International Airport, in Sandston. He retired in May 2001.","General John P. Jumper, VMI Class of 1966, retired in 2005 after a distinguished 39 year career. He served as the 17th Chief of Staff of the United States Air Force from 2001 to 2005.","Ronald W. Kosh enlisted in the United States Air Force in October 1962 and trained in air traffic control and combat control. His overseas deployments included assignments in the Philippines, Vietnam, Thailand, and Laos. Missions during the Vietnam War included deployment with Special Forces units and providing forward air control for interdiction of North Vietnamese Army materiel.","Captain Jerold L. Krumwiede graduated from the United States Naval Academy in 1954 and served until 1980. Following graduation he was assigned duty as Gunnery Officer on USS Frank Knox (DDR 742). In 1957, he attended United States Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, earning an Master of Science in physics. His West Coast career focused on nuclear weapons at the Nuclear Weapons Training Command, and engineering assignments on USS Yorktown (CV 10) and Commander Destroyer Squadron 17 Staff. He became the Executive Officer of USS Morton (DD 748) serving tours in Vietnam theater.","On the East Coast, Krumwiede attended the Naval War College, concurrently earning an Master of Science in international affairs. This duty was followed by two years on the academic staff of the United States Naval Academy. This was followed by two years as Commanding Officer, USS Mullinix (DD 944). He served as Surface Operations Officer on COMCARGROUP FOUR Staff, followed by two years as Fleet Readiness Officer, CINCUSNAVEUR Staff, London, England. Following this duty he served four years on the Deputy \nChief of Naval Operations for Surface Warfare Staff, in command and control and electronic warfare programs.","Major General James E. Livingston retired in 1995 after more than 33 continuous years of active duty in the United States Marine Corps. His last assignment was as Commander of the Marine Forces Reserve in New Orleans, Louisiana. He commissioned as a Second Lieutenant in 1962 and promoted to Captain in 1966, serving as the Commanding Officer of the Marine detachment aboard the aircraft carrier USS Wasp (CV 18), before joining the 3rd Marine Division (Reinforced) in the Republic of Vietnam in August 1967.","On May 2, 1968, while serving as the Commanding Officer, Company E, 2nd Battalion, 4th Marines, Livingston distinguished himself above and beyond the call of duty in action against enemy forces and earned the Congressional Medal of Honor. After his second tour in Vietnam, he served as an instructor at the Army's Infantry School, Director of Division Schools for the 1st Marine Division and, later, as the S-3 for 3rd Battalion, 7th Marines. In March 1975, he returned to Vietnam and served as the Operations Officer for the Vietnam evacuation operations which included Operation \"Frequent Wind,\" the evacuation of Saigon. ","Lieutenant Colonel Paul B. Maini (VMI Class of 1966) served 20 years with the United States Army Infantry, Aviation. He servied in Vietnam from 1969 to 1970 and Korea from 1977 to 1979.","Richard C. Marshall, Jr. (VMI Class of 1965) entered the United States Air Force in December 1966 and trained as an F-4 Phantom pilot. He served three tours of duty in Vietnam where he was a forward air controller and also participated in rescue operations for downed pilots.","Colonel John G. Miller served in the United States Marines Corps from 1957 to 1985. During his career he spent two tours in Vietnam, the first as a rifle company commander and battalion assistant operation officer (1965-1966), and the second time as a Co-van advisor to the Vietnamese Marines (1970-1971).","Lieutenant Colonel Richard S. Miller (Retired) graduated from VMI in 1960 and commissioned in the United States Army as a 2nd Lieutenant, Infantry. His active duty assignments include:\n 7th Infantry Division, Korea 5th Special Forces Group, Vietnam Analyst in the Offices of the Secretary of Defense and Secretary of the Army Assistant Professor (mathematics) at West Point, New York Instructor at the United States Navy Postgraduate School, California \nMiller retired from active duty in 1980.","William Moriarty commissioned in the United States Marine Corps in 1959. In May 1964 he participated in an On the Job Training (OJT) program and was assigned to the 32nd Vietnamese Ranger Battalion as an advisor. In 1967 he was assigned to the Vietnamese Marine Corps.","Jeffrey H. Mosher served in the United States Army from 1970 through 1973, during which time he achieved the rank of Specialist and was a helicopter crew chief door gunner. At the time of this interview he was a Chief Petty Officer with the United Navy Seabees.","Sergeant Major (Retired) John Ohmer enlisted in the United States Army in 1963. He received aviation training as a crew chief, working with Cobra and Huey helicopters during his three tours of duty in Vietnam. He subsequently worked as a recruiter, retiring from service in 1990.","Wesley I. Rahn joined the United States Air Force in 1961 and retired in 1981. He was stationed at Ft. George G. Meade (at the time, Tipton Army Air Field), Maryland as a weather equipment repairman. From 1966 to 1969 he served in Ramstein, Germany, installing weather equipment throughout Europe. From 1971 to 1972 Rahn was stationed in Vietnam as a tech sergeant. Upon his return to the United States he was stationed at Robins Air Force Base, Georgia in intermediate electronics maintenance. Following this service he became an instructor at the Military Airlift Command Noncommissioned Officer (NCO) Academy, was stationed at Gunter Air Force Base, Alabama, and taught at the Senior Enlisted Academy.","Rahn worked with Lockheed Aircraft Company in Jiddah, Saudi Arabia, teaching management and leadership to Saudi officers working in the Air Force. Subsequently, he worked for the Director of Air Training at Riyadh, Saudi Air Force headquarters, also teaching Royal Saudi Air Force officers advanced management courses. In Saudi Arabia, Rahn also worked for Dallah Avco at R Staff Headquarters, McDonald-Douglas, and also taught at a field training center in Dhahran, where he was promoted to be the superintendent of the facility, working for the Royal Saudi Air Force supervising Saudis and McDonald-Douglas employees who were training Saudis on how to maintain aircraft.","Ronald Ray was born in Kentucky in 1942 and graduated from Centre College (Kentucky) and the University of Louisville School of Law. He commissioned as a 2nd Lieutenant in the United States Marine Corps Reserve in 1964 and spent the next five years on active duty. He was deployed to the Dominican Republic, the Caribbean, and served as an advisor in Vietnam from March 1967 to March 1968. Ray served as a Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense during the Reagan administration, on two presidential commissions, and as a military historian at the United States Marine Corps Historical Center.","Colonel William R. Ricks served with the United States Air Force from 1964 to 1987 as a pilot of F-105s, F-4s, and F-15s.","Colonel John W. Ripley served for 35 years on active duty in the United States Marines Corps. He served two tours in Vietnam. During the second (1971-1972) he was Senior Advisor to the 3rd Vietnamese Marine Battalion, which operated along the demilitarized zone.","From January 1968 to August 1971, Joseph E. Rosinski served with the United States Air Force, Tactical Air Command (TAC) 38th and 37th Airlift Squadron Headquarters at Langley, Virginia as a Staff Sergeant, supply and logistics.","Gilman Rud entered the United States Navy's Aviation Officer Candidate program following his 1966 graduation from North Dakota State University. His distinguished 28 year career included 5,600 hours of flight time and 786 carrier landings. He also flew combat missions during the Vietnam War. He served as:\n Commanding Officer of Attack Squadron 192 (Golden Dragons) Commanding Officer and Flight Leader of the Navy Flight Demonstration Squadron (Blue Angels) Captain of the Fleet Replenishment Oiler, USS Wabash (AOR 5) Commander of the the aircraft carrier USS Constellation (CV 64) \nRud retired from active duty in 1995.","Lieutenant Colonel William P. Saunders served in the United States Air Force as an Aircraft Commander (AC-47), Flight Scheduler, 4th Special Operations Squadron at Bien Thuy Air Base/Bien Hoa Air base, Republic of Vietnam. He served with the Air Force through 1988.","Glenn A. Thieme was born in Wisconsin in 1931 and served in the United States Navy from July 1949 to June 1975, achieving the rank of Lieutenant Commander.","Lieutenant Commanders Thomas D. Todd enlisted in the United States Navy in 1953. He served in the Inactive Reserves from 1957 to 1961, was an aviation officer candidate in 1961, a Naval officer from 1961 to 1968, and served in the Active Reserves from 1968 to 1982. He also served as Legal Officer VR-22 in Norfolk, Virginia from 1962 to 1965, as Assistant Air Intelligence Officer on the USS Coral Sea (CVA 43) from 1965 to 1967, and as a political analyst for FICUR NASJAX, Florida.","James R. Treadwell served in the United States Air Force as an aircraft mechanic and engine and crew chief (1971-1973), and as a KC-135 boom operator and flight engineer (1973-1979). During the Vietnam War he flew on missions to refuel fighter aircraft flying over Cambodia.","Blair P. Turner commissioned into the United States Navy on April 10, 1970 as a Surface Warfare Officer. He served two overseas deployments during the Vietnam War (1970-1971), and was assigned to the USS Windham County (LST 1170). Turner left active duty in 1973, remaining in the Reserve through 1975. At the time of this interview he was a Professor of History at the Virginia Military Institute.","Lieutenant Colonel Steven M. Yedinak (Retired) commissioned into the United States Army Infantry in 1963 and subsequently spent 26 years in Special Forces and Airborne Infantry. He served two combat tours in Vietnam (1966-1967 and 1971-1972), and started the Mobile Guerrilla Force. He is the author of \"Hard to Forget: An American with the Mobile Guerrilla Force in Vietnam\" (Random House, 1998). Yedinak retired from the Army in 1989.","Frank Yusi attended United States Navy boot camp in January of 1965 as a seaman recruit, but was then picked up for Officer Candidate School (OCS) and graduated in April. In November 1965 he began service in the South China Sea on a destroyer. From August 1967 to January 1969 he served in Vietnam on river patrol boats (River Division 533 in the Mekong Delta). Following this service Yusi went to OCS as an instructor at Newport, Rhode Island and then returned to destroyers as an engineer. He served for several tours on destroyers, as well as two tours at the Naval War College, one as a student and one on staff. In 1984 he returned as a senior student at the Naval War College and finished his career after being in command and being an Executive Officer on destroyers and frigates, Naval Training Service Center School for Recruits at Great Lakes, Illinois.","General Anthony C. Zinni was an advisor with the South Vietnamese Marines in 1967. Subsequent assignments include the following:\n Deputy Commander in Chief, United States Central Command Commanding General, 1st Marine Expeditionary Force Commander, Combined Task Force for Operation United Shield Chief of Staff and Deputy Commanding General of combined task force Provide Comfort Special Advisor to the Secretary of State Senior Advisor at the Center for Strategic and International Studies \nZinni's decorations include the Defense Distinguished Service Medal, the Defense Superior Service Medal with two oak leaf clusters, the Bronze Star Medal with Combat V and gold star in lieu of a second award, and the Purple Heart.","Steven L. Amato, a 1983 VMI graduate, entered active duty in October 1983. He trained as a B-52 navigator and was deployed during Operation Desert Storm (January 1991). In addition to his many assignments, he served at the Pentagon and worked on President George W. Bush's first inaugural. Amato also served as the Head of VMI's Air Force Reserve Officers' Training Corps (AFROTC) detachment.","William F. Andrews graduated from the United States Air Force Academy in 1980 and began pilot training the same year. He has flown the T-37, EF-111, and the F-16. He was deployed in Operation Desert Storm and was a prisoner of war for eight days. Andrews subsequently served as an F-16 squadron and group commander, staff officer for the Joint Staff in Washington, D.C., and taught at the National Defense University, Washington, D.C.","Jim Carver had a distinguished career as a senior non-commissioned officer in the United States Army Special Forces. He was deployed to Operation Desert Storm while assigned to Operational Detachment Alphas 326, 3rd Special Forces Group (Airborne), serving as an Engineer Sergeant. Carver subsequently held senior special forces training and operations management positions at Fort Bragg, California, and served as an Reserve Officers' Training Corps (ROTC) Military Science Instructor at the University of Richmond, Virginia.","Timothy Heely graduated from the United States Naval Academy in 1975 and comissioned that same year. He trained as a pilot and served with distinction for 30 years, rising to the rank of Read Admiral.","Colonel James G. Kyser, a United States Naval Academy graduate, had a distinguished career in the Marines Corps from 1985 to 2009. His many deployments included Desert Shield and Desert Storm (1990-1991), special operations missions in Europe and Africa, and the Iraq War. Kyser retired in July 2009 after 24 years of service.","Captain Charles H. Litz received his Bachelor of Science from the United States Naval Academy and his Master of Science from the National War College. From June 1976 to July 2002 he served a carrier helicopter pilot flying the SH-3H. Litz participated in Desert Storm as part of Airwing on the USS Theodore Roosevelt (CVN 71).","Commander Tom A. Magno spent 22 years as a United States Navy flight officer, piloting E-2 Hawkeyes and F-14A/F-14B Tomcats. He accrued 2500 flight hours/650+ arrested landings, and saw combat tours in Libya (1986), Bosnia (1993), and Iraq (Operation Desert Shield, 1990). Magno retired in 2003.","Commander Timothy S. McElhannon entered the United States Navy in May 1980 upon graduation from the University of Georgia, received his commission in August 1980, and earned his Naval Aviator wings in July 1981. His operational tours include Helicopter Anti-Submarine Squadron Light Thirty-Four in Norfolk, Virginia and Helicopter Anti-Submarine Squadron Light Forty-Three in San Diego, California. McElhannon deployed to the Persian Gulf twice (1983 and 1989) during the Iran/Iraq War where he participated in the escort of re-flagged tankers during the final stage of the War. He subsequently was selected for naval attache duty.","Following his distinguished career in the United States Army, General J. H. Binford Peay III became VMI's 14th Superintendent in 2003. Detailed biographical information is avaliable upon request.","Captain Brian L. Quisenberry graduated from the Virginia Military Institute in 1981 and commissioned in the United States Navy.","Robert J. Cook was on active duty with the United States Army for over 20 years, first as an enlisted soldier and subsequently as an officer. He is a decorated combat veteran who was deployed to Afghanistan, with a background in military intelligence and aviation. From 2005 to 2006 he served as aide-de-camp to the Commanding General at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba. Cook has served twice in the Army Reserve Officers' Training Corps (ROTC) department at VMI.","Captain Steven Craig is a UH-1N helicopter pilot and a decorated veteran of the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq. He enlisted in the United States Marines Corps in 1989 and subsequently was commissioned and went to flight school. He was deployed in Operation Enduring Freedom in 2004, and in Operation Iraqi Freedom in 2005 to 2006. In 2010 Craig was assigned to the VMI Naval ROTC Department as a Marine Corps Instructor.","Following his graduation from VMI in 1989, Gary A. Bissell commissioned in the United States Army and trained as a helicopter pilot. After leaving active duty, he has continued to serve in the Army National Guard and the Reserves, and was deployed during Operation Iraqi Freedom.","Lieutenant Colonel William Bither first served with the United States Army 2nd Battalion, 23rd Infantry Regiment at Fort Lewis, Washington as a rifle platoon leader. He then joined United States Army Special Forces and has been stationed in Korea, Quantico (Virginia), the Marine Corps Amphibious Warfare School, Germany, Fort Bragg (California), Kuwait, and Iraq.","Captain Thomas A. Brashears was 9 3/4 years active with the 18th Field Artillery Brigade Airborne, 1st Armored Division. He deployed to Kosovo from May to December, 2000 and to Iraq as Battery Commander from April 2003 to July 2004.","Major Robert Churchill served with the United States Air Force from May 19, 1991 to August 15, 2005, and since August 16, 2005 he has served with the United States Air Force Reserves. He attended graduate Space Training and then went into Space Command as an orbit analyst in Space Ops. He then went into pilot training, to Reese Air Force Base, Texas, and then on to F-16 training. At the time of this interview, Churchill was with the 302nd Fighter Squadron.","At the time of this interview Jose L. Crespo was a logistics officer in the United States Air Force. He has been deployed to Kuwait, Iraq, and Afghanistan.","Major Tim Daniel began serving with the United States Air Force in January of 1983. He has been an A-10 pilot, T-37 instructor pilot, and an OA-10 pilot, and has 3500 hours of flight time with 100 hours of combat time in Iraq and Afghanistan.","Major Frank Diorio graduated from the University of Notre Dame in 1996 and immediately commissioned in the United States Marine Corps. He has been deployed to the Kuwait/Iraqi border (1997-2000), Djibouti, Africa (2004), and Al Anbar Province, Iraq (2005).","A combat engineer, Captain Jon A. Drake served in support of Operation Joint Guardian in Kosovo. He later deployed to Iraq in February 2004 as a company commander for Alpha Company, 82nd Engineer Battalion.","Michael Johnson enlisted in the United States Marine Corps in August 1993. At the time of this interview, he was a Military Occupational Specialty 0629 (MOS) Communications Chief (E-7). Johnson has served:\n With 1st Anglico/Camp Pendleton As a drill instructor at Parris Island, South Carolina With the 2nd Force Reconnaissance Company As Assistant Marine Officer Instructor (AMOI) at VMI \nJohnson deployed in support of Operations Iraqi Freedom and Enduring Freedom.","Benjamin Kimsey is a member of the VMI Class of 2009. From 2002 to 2005 he was on active duty in the United States Army in the 116th Brigade, 29th Infantry Division, and was deployed to Guantanamo Bay, Cuba and Afghanistan. Kimsey subsequently became a member of the National Guard, in Delta 1 of the 19th Special Forces Group in Kingwood, West Virginia.","Phillip A. Suydam served in the United States Air Force for 21 years as an Air Force Security Forces Officer. He provided security, police services, force protection planning, and information security program management. His assignments took him to Germany, Guam, and the United Arab Emirates. In 2004 Suydam deployed to Joint Base Balad, Iraq as the Commander of the 332d Expeditionary Security Forces Squadron in support of Operation Iraqi Freedom.","James G. Wicker entered the United States Navy in 1979, serving on deployments to the Persian Gulf as an Executive Officer to a minesweeper during the Iran-Iraq War, and deployed to the Mediterranean, the Pacific, and Indian Oceans. During his career he served on board the USS Goldsborough (DDG 20), the USS Sides (FFG 14), the USS Elusive (AM 225), and the USS Bainbridge (CGN 25).","At the time of this interview, Lance Corporal Patrick Young was serving in the United States Marine Corps Reserves and was a member of the Virginia Military Institute Class of 2009. His unit was B. Company, 4th Combat Engineer Battalion out of Roanoke, Virginia. Young is a veteran of Operation Iraqi Freedom.","Keith R. Anderson served as an active duty Marine Corps officer for eleven years (1980-1992). During his career he flew the H-53 Sea Stallion helicopter, and in addition, spent four years as a Marine One pilot (HMX, presidential helicopter squadron) during the Reagan and Bush administrations. Since leaving military service, Anderson has worked as a jet pilot in corporate aviation.","Thomas Arendes joined the United States Navy following his graduation from high school in 2006. At the time of this interview he was an Electrician's Mate, 3rd Class, in the nuclear field, and was serving on the aircraft carrier USS Theodore Roosevelt (CVN-71).","Kenneth W. Baity served in the United States Navy on the USS Sam Houston (SSBN-609). His enlisted rate was Machinist Mate/Engineering Laboratory Technician Nuclear.","Brandon A. Bissell accepted a commission in the United States Army following his graduation from VMI in 1998. He served with the 101st Aviation Regiment at Fort Campbell, Kentucky, flying Black Hawk helicopters. He also has been a company Executive Officer, platoon leader, S-1 and S-3. Bissell subsequently spent two years in Korea.","Lieutenant Colonel Marti J. Bissell commissioned in the United States Army in 1988. She trained as a helicopter test pilot and has served on active duty in Korea, Germany, and Fort Riley, Kansas.","Brigadier General Charles F. Brower, IV served in the United States Army from 1969 to 2001, serving in:\n United States Army Europe and Africa (USAREUR) RVN Continental United States in the 4th Armored Division, 101st Airborne Division, 24th Infantry Division (Mech), and 23rd Infanty Division Cavalry Troop Commander, RVN, from 1971 to 1972 \nBrower was an Professor, departments of History and Behavior Sciences and Leadership, at the United States Military Academy. He also served as Deputy Superintendent and Dean of the Faculty at VMI from 2001 to 2008.","Lieutenant Kenneth R. Brown enlisted in the Navy in 1994. He received a four-year Reserve Officers' Training Corps (ROTC) scholarship to Norwich University and received his commission in 1999. He has served as a Surface Warfare Officer.","Frank Woodruff Buckles was born in 1901 and grew up on a farm in Missouri. He enlisted age 16 and joined the United States Army Ambulance Corps, arriving in France a few months before the end of World War I. At the beginning of World War II he was working as a civilian in the Philippines when he was captured by the Japanese and held in a prisoner of war camp for more than three years.","Rear Admiral Steven E. Day enlisted in the United States Coast Guard in 1967 and received his commission in 1979. His long career has included numerous posting stateside and overseas.","Colonel Eicher served with the United States Marine Corps for 26 years as an aviator, commissioning in November 1970.","Steven V. Ferguson served with the United States Navy, four years active and two years reserve. He served on the USS Gearing (DD-710).","Victoria P. Friedensen holds an Bachelor of Arts from the University of North Carolina and and Master of Science from Virginia Tech. Her career has included positions at the National Academy of Science and the National Academy of Engineering. At the time of this interview, Friedensen was a civilian employee at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), where she was the acting program manager of the Lunar Precursor Robotic Program.","John D. Gober, M.D., served as a United States Navy flight surgeon.","Paul F. Gorman is a retired United States Army General whose active duty spanned an enlistment in the United States Navy toward the end of World War II, graduation from West Point in 1950, three years of infantry combat in Korea and Vietnam, and two decades of assignments in the upper echelons of the Pentagon.","Colonel William R. Grace was commissioned as a 2nd Lieutenant in 1981. Upon completion of the Basic School he reported to Naval Air Station, Pensacola, Florida, for flight training and was designated a Naval Aviator in 1983. He received his initial AH-1J training with Marine Helicopter Training Squadron 303 at Camp Pendleton, California. During his distingished career, Grace has served with numerous Marine Corps Helicopter Squadrons, including Marine Helicopter Squadron One, which supports White House missions worldwide. He led presidential detachments on four continents while serving under presidents George H. W. Bush and Bill Clinton.","Lieutenant Chris Gray graduated from the Naval Academy in 2001. He subsequently reported to Nuclear Power School and then went to Prototype in Charleston, South Carolina. He was first assigned to the USS Tennessee (SSBN-734) in Kings Bay, Georgia. Gray spent three years on board the USS Tennessee and was an instructor with VMI's Naval Reserve Officers' Training Corps (ROTC) program.","Colonel George F. Hafkemeyer served for 30 years in the United States Army as a an officer in the areas of maintenance, material management, and logistics. In addition to his stateside assignments, he served overseas in Germany, Kuwait, and Sweden.","At the time of this interview, Evan T. Hanks, VMI Class of 2007, served with the 192nd Maintenance Squadron, Virginia Air National Guard as an aircraft structural mechanic and corrosion control journeyman.","Alexis Hart commissioned with the United States Navy in May 1993. From August 1993 to April 1994 she was a student at the Navy Supply Corps School in Athens, Georgia. From May 1994 to June 1997, she served as Division Officer on board the USS Essex (LHD 2), and was first woman assigned to an amphibious ship. From July 1997 to June 1999, Hart served as Instructor at the Navy Supply Corps School.","Rear Admiral Maurice B. Hill, Jr. served in the United States Navy Dental Corps on both active duty and in the reserves.","Seargeant Major Alvin N. Hockaday, United States Marine Corps (Retired), was born and raised in Richmond, Virginia. After completing high school in 1960, he enlisted in the Marine Corps where he was trained as a Marksmanship Instructor and Rifle Team Member. In 1965, Hockaday served his first tour of duty in Vietnam until he was wounded in 1966. From 1966 to 1968 he served as an instructor at the Marine Corps Officer Candidate School. He returned to Vietnam in 1968 and was wounded again in 1969. ","Hockaday returned to the United States in 1974 and was assigned as the first enlisted Marine Instructor at the VMI. In 1977 he was assigned to The Marine Corps Ceremonial Units at Marine Barracks in Washington, D.C. Following his retirment from the Marine Corps in 1990, Hockaday became the first Seargeant Major to the Corps of Cadets at VMI, a position he held until 2003.","Donald B. Holt enlisted in the United States Navy in 1971 and after boot camp trained in electronics and nuclear power. He served as a reactor operator on the submarine USS Billfish (SSN 676), and subsequently was an instructor in a nuclear power training unit. Holt received his honorable discharge in 1979 after serving almost nine years.","Captain Vernon C. Honsinger enlisted in the Navy in 1951 and served for 30 years. Among his many assignments were those of Operations Officer and Chief Engineer on the USS Laffey (DD 724) in the Atlantic Ocean, Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea, and Weapons Officer and Assistant Engineering Officer on the USS Seadragon (SSN 584), Pacific Ocean.","Rodney A. Hottle, VMI Class of 1976, served in the United States Air Force from 1977 to 2003. He was a Missile Officer from 1977 to 1996 and subsequently transferred into Services.","Dr. Reed Johnson graduated from VMI in 1953 with a degree in physics. After completing post-graduate work at the Oak Ridge School of Reactor Technology (ORSORT), he was employed by Electric Boat and was involved in testing and designing radiation shields for the earliest nuclear submarines, including the Nautilus (SSN 571) and the Seawolf. He subsequently worked in many other nuclear projects during the 1950s, including the United States Army Package Power Reactor.","Kristopher G. Kowalczyk was born in 1982 and enlisted in the United States Army at the age of 17. He trained as an ammunition specialist and subsequently went to flight school, becoming an Apache helicopter pilot. Among his assignments was a 12 month deployment to Kosovo, Serbia.","Major Daryl Laninga joined the United States Marine Corps in 1983. He served as an enlisted infantryman (mortar man) for nine and a years, commissioned via the Marine Enlisted Commissioning Education Program in 1992.","Lieutenant Commander (retired) Jerome Leugers commissioned in the United States Navy 1973 and spent his career as a naval aviator, flying the C-1, Saberline, C-9, and A-6. He served on active duty for ten years and subsequently in the reserves, retiring after 20 years.","Commander Mark G. Martin commissioned in the United States Navy in April 1985 and earned his Aviator wings in June 1986.","Commander Robert McMasters served with the United States Navy on the USS Will Rogers (SSBN 659) as division officer from September 1979 to June 1982. From  June 1982 to June 1984 he served as the S1W Prototype leading engineering officer of the watch, Idaho Falls, Idaho.","Robert P. McMullen enlisted in the United States Marines in December 2000 and served for four years. He was assigned to the Legal Services Support Section (LSSS) and the unit was deployed to Kuwait from 2002 to 2003.","Colonel Thomas B. Moncure, VMI Class of 1972, commissioned into the United States Air Force in 1972 through the Reserve Officers' Training Corps (ROTC) program at VMI. He graduated from pilot training in May 1973 and he served as a command pilot with over 3150 flying hours in B-52, T-38, FB-111A, F-111F, and B-1 aircraft. His other assignments included that of Deputy Director of Plans and Programs, Headquarters United States Air Forces in Europe, Ramstein Air Base, Germany, and Commander and Professor of Aerospace Studies at Air Force ROTC Det 880, VMI. Moncure retired from the Air Force in 2002.","James M. Morgan, Jr. (1923-2021) was a member of the VMI Class of 1945. He subsequently received a PhD in civil engineering from Johns Hopkins University. He spend 38 years at VMI as a professor and later head of the Civil Engineering Department. Morgan then served as Dean of the Faculty and retured from VMI in 1984.","John L. Neel joined the United States Army in 1976 and was trained as a Parachute Infantryman. His first assignment was with the 505th Parachute Infantry Regiment, 82d Airborne Division, Fort Bragg North Carolina. He served over 15 years with the 505th in a variety of positons. He has served three tours with North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) in Izmir, Turkey as an Operations Sergeant, and  s the Senior Enlisted Advisor and Sergeant Major for Joint Command Southeast. ","Neel also served for two years on Her Majesty's service as Platoon Sergeant, 8 Platoon, 1st Battalion, British Parachute Regiment. From July 1997 to July 2000 he served as Sergeant Major of the Army Reserve Officers' Training Corps (ROTC) Department at VMI.","Neel's deployments include:\n 1983: Grenada 1992: Joint Task Force 6 along the New Mexico/Mexico border 1995: Operation Harvest Bear in Panama to quell the riots in the Cuban refugee camps September 2000: Kosovo as the Operations Sergeant, J3, Headquarters Kosovo Force (KFOR)-4","Laura E. Niebel graduated from George Washington University and commissioned in the United States Navy in 1999. At the time of this interview she was a helicopter pilot (SH-60B Seahawk) and had been deployed twice to the Arabian Gulf.","Eugene Ostlund enlisted in the United States Navy in 1940, went through boot camp at Great Lakes, and qualified for a Class A school, attending Aviation Metalsmith School in Pensacola, Florida. He was subsequently sent to Naval Air Station, North Island, where he stayed until 1943, and was then transferred to a carrier aircraft service unit. He later qualified for the Navy V-12 program and enrolled in the College of St. Thomas in St. Paul, Minnesota and the University of Michigan.","In 1947 he was commissioned an ensign in the regular Navy. He served:\n On board the USS St. Paul (CA 73) On the staff of the Commander Seventh Fleet operating in Korean waters On board the USS Gearing (DD 710), a destroyer which operated in the Sixth Fleet in the Mediterranean where he was the communication officer and the operations officer Onboard the USS Haas (DE 424) As Commanding Officer of the USS Lansing (DER 328) \nUpon completion of the tour of duty on the USS Lansing, Ostlund was assigned to the Command and Staff College of the Air Force Air University in Maxwell Field in Montgomery, Alabama. He was then assigned to the Defense Communication Agency in Washington, D.C.","Valerie Overstreet graduated from Virginia Tech in 1991. While at Tech, she was a member of the Corps of Cadets on a United States Navy scholarship. After commissioning and initial flight training, she selected carrier aviation and was assigned to the E-2C. Overstreet has also served as an instructor pilot and studied at the Naval War College. At the time of this interview she was the second female Commanding Officer in the history of United States Navy combat aviation.","Stephen D. Patchin grew up in Wisconsin and joined the United States Navy in 1958 at the age of 18. He served until 1979 in the field of aviation maintenance. After his retirement from the Navy, he continued to work in naval aviation mechanics and planning as a civilian contractor.","Captain Robert C. Peniston served 10 sea tours on nine ships. He commanded the USS Savage, USS Tattnall, and USS Albany. He was navigator of the Presidential yacht Williamsburg from 1951 to 1952 and served seven shore tours, officer distribution (two tours), Bureau of Naval Personnel (two tours) and was Director of Naval Education Development Staff of Chief of Naval Education and Training (CNET).","Commander Mark D. Pistochini served with the United States Navy from June 26, 1968 through September 1, 1996, and retired as a Commander (OS). He served as a Communications Intelligence Evaluator (COMEVAL) with the United States Naval Security Group, Detachment Atsugi, Japan from March 1978 through August 1981. He accrued over 2,000 hours in the VA-1 EP-3 aircraft.","Lieutenant Colonel Russell Rivers graduated from the University of Mississippi in 1982 and commissioned in the United States Air Force. He received his Naval Aviator wings in 1984. Rivers has flown several type/model/series aircraft, ranging from turboprop trainers to rotary wing and jet aircraft, accumulating over 3600 hours of flight time as of this interview date.","Lieutenant Colonel Frederick C. Rody entered the United States Marine Corps in 1983 and spent 12 years on active duty and 11 years in the Reserves. He trained as a pilot and flew the F-18.","William B. Rutherford grew up in Cape May, New Jersey and joined the United States Marine Corps in 1953. After three years in the Marines, he transferred to the United States Navy and attended nuclear power school. Rutherford saw duty on several nuclear powered subs, serving as a chief electrician. He retired after 20 years of military service.","Ross Schmoll commissioned into the United States Air Force in 1959 after graduating from Cornell University, rising to the rank of Colonel before retiring in the late 1980s. Assignments included:\n B-47 B-58 crew member F-11 crew member (radar navigator bombardier) stationed at Royal Air Force Upper Hayford (England) and subsequently in Thailand Deputy commander for maintenance, Seymour Johnson Air Force Base, North Carolina (four squadrons of F-4Es) Director of maintenance at the United States Air Forces in Europe (USAFE) Assistant Director of Logistics at USAFE Defense Logistics Agency","Major Anthony Shea served in the United States Air Force from 1985 to 1994 as:\n A security forces specialist An officer with the chief computer support section Wide area network program manager Internet protocol engineer Chief military telephone command and control Assistant Professor of Aerospace Studies for Air Force Reserve Officers' Training Corps (ROTC), Virginia Military Institute","Lieutenant Jared Smith received a Bachelor of Science in electrical engineering and commissioned into the United States Navy through Officer Candidate School (OCS). After completing Navy Nuclear Power School and other courses, he was assigned as a submarine officer on the USS Maryland (SSBN 738). He was subsequently assigned to Virginia Military Institute's Naval Reserve Officers' Training Corps (ROTC) unit (December 2006 to February 2009).","Dennis Stone commissioned into the United States Army in June 1970 and was assigned to Fort Benning, Georgia for the Infantry Basic Officer Course (IOBC), Airborne Ranger. From June 1971 to May 1973 he served with the 1148IMF as 3rd Armored Division Platoon Leader, Executive Officer, and Detachment Commander. From May 1973 to December 1974 he served at the Arctic Test Center at Fort Greely, Alaska, where he tested cold weather equipment and commanded troops involved in testing. Other assignments included the New Jersey Army National Guard, the Virginia National Guard, and the 11th Special Forces Group. Stone retired in June 1973 with the rank of Lieutenant Colonel.","Robert Walston Todd II, United States Navy, has served on the USS George Washington (CVN-73) as a Reactor Operator, Electronics Technician 2nd Class since September 2004. He attended A-School and Power School in Charleston, South Carolina from January 2003 to 2004 and Nuclear Prototype School in Ballston Spa, New York from February 2004 to August 2004.","Colonel James O. Tubbs commissioned into the United States Air Force in 1980 and has served as the following:\n 1983-1986: Standardization and Evaluation Pilot at the 23rd Tactical Air Support Squadron, Shaw Air Force Base, South Carolina 1987-1989: Flight Commander and Instructor Pilot, 496th Tactical Fighter Squadron, Hahn Air Base, Germany 1989-1993: Instructor Pilot and Assistant Operations Officer, 314th Fighter Squadron, Luke Air Force Base, Arizona 1995-1997: Operations Officer and Chief of Strategy Division, 32nd Air Operations Squadron 1997-1999: Squadron Operations Officer and Special Assistant to the Operations Group Commander, 31st Fighter Wing 1999-2001: Air Staff Action Officer and Deputy Chief of Joint Issues Division for Air Force Quadrennial Defense Review 2002-2004: Senior Military Advisor to the Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Resources and Plans, acting as advisor for all Air Force program, budget and acquisition issues Military Assistant to the Under Secretary of Defense for Policy at the Pentagon, Washington D.C.","Major Colin S. Turnnidge II enlisted in the United States Army in May 1980 and trained as a Special Forces combat medic. He served on active duty for three years with the 7th Special Forces Group, deploying to Central America. He subsequently served 10 months in the Special Forces Reserves (11th Group) before leaving the service. He reenlisted in 1991 and served with the 3rd Group, attending Physicians Assistant School, and receiving a direct commission in 1995. Turnnidge served as a physician assistant until his retirement in 2006.","Darrell G. Van Ness began his service as a United States Army private in 1978, completing his basic training and Advanced Individual Training (AIT) in Armor School at Ft. Knox, Kentucky. He went on to Ft. Bliss, Texas to 3rd Armored Cavalry Regiment (ACR) and was assigned to 3rd ACR F Troop. From 1980 to 1981 Van Ness was stationed in Garlstedt, Germany, in the AD4,  and from 1981 to 1984 he served with the 3rd and 7th Cavalry B Troop.","Commander Clifford L. J. Wade grew up in Ohio and graduated from Miami University (Oxford, Ohio). He commissioned into the United States Navy and became a Naval Flight Officer, spending 21 years of his 27 year career outside of the continental United States (Hawaii, Bermuda, Japan, Spain, and England). His last duty station was at the Naval Reserve Officers' Training Corps (NROTC) unit at Virginia Military Institute.","R. Kurt Zeppenfeldserved with the United States Marine Corps from 1977 to 1981 and with the United States Naval Reserve.","This oral history collection spans the World War II era through recent conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan. One interview (Frank Buckles) covers World War I service. The majority of the interviews were conducted by VMI cadets taking courses in military history. The interview files and recordings are housed in the VMI Archives.","This series consists of transcripts of oral history interviews conducted in 2014 to 2015 with VMI alumni who served during World War II. The interviewer is journalist Lisa Tracy. These interviews contain information about cadet life during the War, as well as wartime service of individuals.","This sub-series consists of oral histories of World War II era VMI alumni conducted by cadets taking History 393, World War II, taught by Lieutenant Colonel Bradley L. Coleman (Fall 2015). The interviews cover cadet experiences from the era as well as military service.","This interview covers Alfred A. Alvarez's service during World War II.","This interview covers Ernest A. Andrews' service during World War II.","This interview covers Joseph L. Argenzio's service in World War II.","This interview covers Charles D. Bachman's service in World War II.","This interview covers Stanley Caulkins' service during World War II.","This interview contains extensive information about \tRobert L. Cheatham, Jr.'s experiences as a prisoner of war.","This interview covers Glen Cleckler's experiences during World War II.","This interview primarily covers William H. Collier's service in World War II.","In this interview, David Cvengros recounts the World War II service of his father George E. Cvengros (1923-1985).","This interview covers Walter M. Duncan, Sr.'s stateside pilot training.","This interview covers Edward L. Feightner's experiences throughout his career, including his service in World War II and as a test pilot and member of the \"Blue Angels.\"","This interview covers R. \"Hap\" Halloran experiences on B-29 missions and his time as a prisoner of war.","This interview covers John P. Irby III's training and includes coverage of his service in World War II with Company C of the 86th Reconnaissance Squadron of the 6th Armored Division, in General George S. Patton's 3rd Army, and the 3rd Armored Division.","This interview covers Malcolm Muir, Sr.'s experiences in World War II.","This interview covers James B. Naughton's experiences during World War II.","This interview covers George Porter's experiences during and after World War II, and includes discussion of the racial prejudice that black soldiers encountered in the United States Army and in society at large.","This interview covers Carl D. Proffitt's experiences in World War II.","This interview covers John M. Remaly's experiences during World War II.","This interview covers William Repke's experiences during World War II.","This interview covers Charles A. Riley's post-World War Two United States Air Force career.","This interview covers Edward A. Ryan's experiences during World War II.","This interview covers Luther J. Schilling's experiences during World War II.","This interview covers the invasion of Normandy, France and Charles Shaeff's time in the United States Navy Reserves.","This interview covers Samuel Tarkenton's experiences during his United States Army service.","This interview covers Meeks B. Vaughan's early years growing up in Timpton County, Tennessee, as well as his experiences during World War II.","This interview covers Tyson Wilson's service in World War II (2nd Marine Division) and briefly his time teaching Combat Intelligence at Quantico, Virginia, and his years teaching with the Economics, History and Army Reserve Officers' Training Corps (ROTC) departments at Virginia Military Institute.","This interview covers William D. Badgett's experiences in Korea.","This interview covers Vernon A. Good's experiences during the Korean War.","This interview covers Raymond A. Johnson's United States Marine Corps career and his experiences during the Korean War.","This interview primarily covers Charles W. McKellar's experiences in the Korean War.","This interview covers Bill R. Penn's experiences in the Korean War as a corpsman and as a prisoner of war.","This interview covers John T. Pepper's years of military service.","A collection addition in 2021 added supplemental material related to Craig D. Caldwell, Paul A. Robblee, Jr., Paul Wagner, Dale W. Saville, Randolph W. Urmston, and Edwin Y. Hines.","This file contains one book titled \"VietNam 1968-1969\" by Edwin Y. Hines.","This interview covers Terry G. Allison's experiences during the Vietnam War.","This interview covers Lawrence E. Boese's three tours of duty in Vietnam (1968-1972) with particular emphasis upon Operation Linebacker. During the \"Linebacker\" period, he served as a F-4D/E aircraft commander, instructor pilot, and mission commander with the 308th Tactical Fighter Squadron out of Homestead Air Force Base, Florida.","This interview covers Michael L. Bozeman's service in Vietnam.","This interview covers George M. Brooke III's career with the United States Marine Corps.","This interview covers Leland H. Burgess' career as a helicopter pilot during the Vietnam War.","This interview covers Lee S. Dewald's military career and experiences in Vietnam and the Hague as well as his time as a cadet at the Citadel.","This interview covers Blaise S. DiMartino's service in the United States Navy.","This interview focuses on Floyd H. Duncan's tour of duty in Vietnam (1966-1967) and on his service in the Army Reserves during the Vietnam era.","This interview covers Ronald A. Erchul's years of active duty (1961-1981).","These interviews cover Alan F. Farrell's Special Forces training and experiences in the Vietnam War.","This interview covers Arbury D. Hooker's experiences in the Vietnam War, Korea, and Grenada.","This interview primarily covers Robert M. Hudson's service in the Vietnam War.","This interview covers James E. Livingston's experiences in Vietnam.","This interview covers Paul B. Maini's service in the Vietnam War.","This interview covers John G. Miller's experiences in the Vietnam War.","This interview covers William Moriarty's experiences during the Vietnam War.","This interview covers Jeffrey H. Mosher's experiences in the Vietnam War.","This interview covers Wesley I. Rahn's experiences throughout his United States Air Force career.","This interview covers William R. Ricks' experiences as a pilot, his experiences in the Vietnam War, and his observations of Air Force participation in Operation Desert Storm.","This interview covers John W. Ripley's experiences during his second tour in Vietnam (1971-1972).","This interview covers Joseph E. Rosinski's time in the service from 1967 to 1971.","This interview covers Glenn A. Thieme's entire career, including his deployment to Vietnam in 1971.","This interview covers Thomas D. Todd's years of military service.","This interview covers James R. Treadwell's military career.","This interview primarily covers Frank Yusi's service in the Vietnam War, but also his time at the Naval War College, Rhode Island.","This interview covers Anthony C. Zinni's experiences as an advisor with the South Vietnamese Marines (1967).","This interview covers Timothy S. McElhannon's career through 2002.","The first interview covers J. H. Binford Peay III's years as a VMI cadet (1958-1962). The second interview contains reflections on his military service and the challenges facing the army.","This interview covers Brian L. Quisenberry's assignments throughout his active duty and reserves career.","This interview covers Thomas A. Brashears' experiences in Iraq.","This interview covers Robert Churchill's career with the United States Air Force and the United States Air Force Reserves.","This interview covers Benjamin Kimsey's active duty service and his experience as a VMI cadet.","This interview covers James G. Wicker's United States Navy career.","This interview primarily covers Patrick M. Young's combat experiences during his deployment to Iraq in 2005.","This interview covers Thomas P. Arendes' service to date and in particular his training as a nuclear operator.","This interview covers Charles F. Brower IV's service as Army Aide to President Ronald Reagan from 1982 to 1984.","This interview covers James Eicher's experience flying the OV-10 and the AV-8 (\"The Harrier\"), and his thoughts on military flight technology.","This interview covers Steven V. Ferguson's United States Navy career.","This interview covers John D. Gober's various training and assignment experiences.","This interview concentrates on United States and Latin American security relations during the Ronald Reagan administration.","This interview covers Chris Gray's military education and career through 2006.","These two interviews cover Evan T. Hanks' experiences working on F-15s and F-16s.","This interview covers Alexis Hart experiences on board the USS Essex (LHD 2).","This interview covers Daryl Laninga's service in the United States Marine Corps through 2005.","This interview covers Mark G. Martin's career through 2006.","This interview covers Robert McMasters' naval career.","Transcript of interview with James M. Morgan, Jr., VMI Class of 1945. The interview covers Morgan's years during World War II at VMI and in the Army Enlisted Reserve Corps (ERC), recollections about graduate school work, and his early teaching career at VMI. The bulk of the discussion covers the years 1941 to 1957.","This interview covers Laura E. Niebel's United States Navy career up to 2007, including details about training and deployments.","This interview covers Eugene Ostlund's United States Navy career through 1965.","This interview covers Robert C. Peniston's time aboard the USS Savage, USS Tattnall, USS New Jersey, USS Albany, and the Presidential yacht Williamsburg.","This interview covers Mark D. Pistochini's experiences in Atsugi, Japan.","This interview covers Frederick C. Rody's 23 years of experience in United States Marine Corps aviation.","This interview covers Anthony Shea's United States Air Force career from 1985 to 2005.","This interview covers Dennis Stone's time in Germany and at the Arctic Test Center, Alaska.","This interview covers Robert W. Todd II's service on the USS George Washington (CVN 73).","This interview covers R. Kurt Zeppenfeld's experiences in Pusan, Korea.","Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may \nnot be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.","Manuscripts stacks","Virginia Military Institute Archives","Virginia Military Institute. Adams Center for Military History","Virginia Military Institute. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering","Tracy, Lisa (Elizabeth Kilbourne)","Saxe, Ira N. (Ira Nelson), 1918-?","Smith, Robert P. (Robert Pemberton), 1919-2017","Richards, Walter L. (Walter Leland), 1919-","Miller, Charles B. (Charles Bruce)","Gottwald, Floyd D., Jr.","Smith, Jeffrey G., Sr.","Doss, James V.","Taylor, Arthur C., Jr. (Arthur Canning)","Matheis, Richard, A., ?-2015","Morgan, James M., Jr. (James Markus), 1923-2021","Spach, Jule C.","Eliason, William A.","Siebert, Harry J. (Harry John)","Layman, Thomas O. (Thomas Orville)","Gantt, Joseph I., Sr. (Joseph Isley)","Suter,  Bruce H.","Abbitt, Charles W.","Anthony, Eiland E.","Ashley, Maurice C., Jr. (Maurice Cavileer), 1925-2015","Boyd, John T.","Crane, George A., Jr.","Dischinger, Hugh C. (Hugh Charles), 1924-?","Esser, Jefferson R. C. (Jefferson Randolph Cary)","Geary, Paul X.","Gialanella, John A.","Massenburg, Edgar A.","Mills, William C.","Naill, John D., Jr., 1924-?","Newton, Russell B.","Patton, John M. (John Mercer), 1921-?","Siegel, Ralph","Smaw, Daniel G., III","Smothers, Robert C.","Williams, John P., 1922-?","Winter, William D.","Alvarez, Alfred A., 1924-","Andrews, Ernest A., 1923-?","Argenzio, Joseph L., 1927-?","Bachman, Charles D.","Barrett, John G. (John Gilchrist), 1921-2013","Bodkin, Hobert","Brooks, Charles","Brown, Fred, 1923-?","Burnette, Guy B. (Guy Berry), 1921-?","Caulkins, Stanley","Cheatham, Robert L., Jr.","Clark, Allen E. (Allen Eugene), 1924-?","Cleckler, Glen","Collier, William H. (William Hurle)","Cousart, Cyril G.","Cowan, Chalmer E., 1919-?","Cvengros, George E., 1923-1985","Cvengros, David","Dazzo, Joseph O.","DeSantis, Nathan, 1921-?","Dexter, Robert F. (Robert Fred), 1925-?","Dixon, Mark R.","Duncan, Walter M., Sr., 1920-?","Dunfee, Howard","Evans, Allen D.","Fair, Robert R., 1925-?","Farmer, William C., 1926-?","Feightner, Edward L.","Funkhouser, William","Furman, Donald E., 1913-?","George, Roy, 1927-?","Haggerty, Frank J.","Halloran, R. \"Hap\"","Halsey, John S. (John Selden)","Harper, R. Marlowe","Holzman, Jerome","Howard, William, 1919-?","Irby, John P., III (John Poindexter), 1922-?","Jenkins, Carl F.","Kershaw, John R., 1925-?","King, Frank E., 1922-?","King, Jerome H., Jr.","Kinter, Edmund B.","Lawton, Leonard G., 1919-?","Luikart , Walter, 1925-?","Lypka, Demetrius, 1918-?","Marsh, Alexander","McKinney, Charles H., 1920-?","Michnewich, Alexander, 1923-?","Moberg, Robert, 1921-?","Muir, Malcolm, Sr., 1914-?","Murray, Wilma","Naughton, James B., 1926-?","Nicely, Guy C., Jr.","Noble, Edwin A., 1922-2013","Perna, Anthony J. (Anthony Joseph)","Porter, George, 1921-?","Proffitt, Carl D.","Quarles, Julian M., Jr., 1917-?","Rathmell, Richard, 1925?-?","Reagan, Emmett F., 1924-?","Remaly, John M.","Repke, William","Riley, Charles A. (Charles Andrew), 1926-?","Rupe, Kenneth D., 1919-?","Ryan, Edward A.","Sams, Robert","Schilling, Luther J., 1926-?","Schintzel, Arthur, 1922-?","Shaeff, Charles B.","Shreffler, Gale O., 1924-?","St. Clair, Alfred, 1918-?","Stewart, Philip O.","Talbot, Jack","Tarkenton, Samuel","Tompkins, George J., Jr. (George Johnson)","Vaughan, Meeks B., 1919-?","Wills, William H., 1919-?","Wilson, Tyson, 1918-?","Badgett, William D., ?-2020","Belt, Ovid","Fox, Wesley L.","Good, Vernon A.","Johnson, Raymond A.","Kovac, Joseph W., 1930?-","Lewane, Leonard L.","McKellar, Charles W.","Penn, Bill R. (Bill Rivers)","Ackroyd-Kelly, Ian H. (Ian Howard), 1944-","Bland, Robert T. , III (Robert Tyler), 1943-","Burton, Michael D. (Michael Davies), 1944-","Walters, John , A. (John Arthur), 1944-","Charrington, Peter R. (Peter Randolph), 1943-","Creekmore, Oliver D. (Oliver David), 1944-","Crittsinger, Clifford A. (Clifford Andrew), 1941-","Edmunds, William W., Jr. (William Wilson), 1944-","Gesker, Joseph M. (Joseph Mitchell), 1944-","Gray, Thomas W. (Thomas Wayne), 1944-","Harrel, Thomas H., Jr. (Thomas Howard), 1944-","Hoskot, Nathaniel R., Jr. (Nathaniel Ramsey), 1943-","Hines, Edwin Y. (Edwin Yarbrough)","Kiernan, David R. (David Richard)","Lloyd, Howard M., Jr. (Howard Marshall), 1944-","McClure, William G., III (William Granville), 1944-","Monteverde, Miguel E. (Miguel Enrique), 1944-","Odom, John R., III (John Robert), 1945-","Pinkus, David R. (David Ralph), 1944-","Reifsnider, Lawrence C. (Lawrence Clark), 1944-","Ritchie, Robin P. (Robin Polk), 1943-","Robblee, Paul A., Jr. (Paul Ashworth), 1944-","Rowe, John L., Jr. (John Louis), 1944-","Sadler, Woodson A., Jr. (Woodson Alexander), 1944-","Caldwell, Jesse W. (Jesse Walters), 1901-?","Saville, Dale W. (Dale William), 1944-","Smith, James R., Jr. (James Russell), 1944-","Szymanski, James G. (James George), 1945-","Turner, John M. (John McLeod)","Urmston, Randolph W., 1944-","Wagner, Paul A. (Paul Allyn), 1944-","Williams, Duane E. (Duane Edward), 1944-","Williams, James R. (James Richard), 1944-","Young, Geoffrey R. (Geoffrey Reynolds), 1944-","Allison, Terry G.","Bissell, Norman M. (Norman Michael), 1938-2019","Boese, Lawrence E.","Bozeman, Michael L.","Brooke, George M., III","Bryant, Bayes L., 1948-?","Burger, Lloyd C.","Burgess, Leland H.","Cayo, Richard F., 1934-","Dabney, William H. (William Howard), 1934-2012","Dailey, Charles L.","Davis, Terry J., 1946-","Dewald, Lee S.","DiMartino, Blaise S.","Duncan, Floyd H.","Erchul, Ronald A. (Ronald Anton), 1938-2011","Farrell, Alan F., 1945-","Flanagan, William J.","Gardner, Robert L.","Grady, William","Turner, Thomas","Hooker, Arbury D. (Arbury Daryl)","Hudson, Robert M.","Jones, William C.","Jumper, John P. (John Phillip), 1945-","Kosh, Ronald W.","Krumwiede, Jerold L.","Livington, James E.","Maini, Paul B.","Marshall, Richard C., Jr. (Richard Coke)","Miller, John G.","Miller, Richard S., 1939-","Moriarty, William","Mosher, Jeffrey H., 1952?-","Ohmer, John","Rahn, Wesley I.","Ray, Ronald, 1942-","Ricks, William R.","Ripley, John W.","Rosinski, Joseph E.","Rud, Gilman","Saunders, William P.","Thieme, Glenn A., 1931-","Todd, Thomas D.","Treadwell, James R., 1952-","Turner, Blair P., 1947-","Yedinak, Steven M.","Yusi, Frank","Zinni, Anthony C. (Anthony Charles), 1943-","Amato, Steven L.","Andrews, William F., 1958-2015","Carver, Jim","Heely, Timothy","Kyser, James G.","Litz, Charles H.","Magno, Thomas A.","McElhannon, Timothy S. (Timothy Sean)","Peay, J. H. Binford, III, 1940-","Quisenberry, Brian L.","Cook, Robert J. (Robert James)","Craig, Steven","Bissell, Gary A.","Bither, William","Brashears, Thomas A.","Churchill, Robert","Crespo, Jose L., 1980-","Daniel, Tim","Diorio, Frank, 1973-","Drake, Jon A.","Johnson, Michael","Kimsey, Benjamin","Suydam, Phillip A.","Wicker, James G.","Young, Patrick M.","Anderson, Keith R.","Arendes, Thomas P.","Baity, Kenneth W., 1959-","Bissell, Brandon A.","Bissell, Marti J.","Brower, Charles F., IV","Brown, Kenneth R. (Kenneth Randolph)","Buckles, Frank W. (Frank Woodruff), 1901-2011","Day, Steven E.","Eicher, James","Ferguson, Steven V.","Friedensen, Victoria P.","Gober, John D.","Gorman, Paul F.","Reagan, Ronald, 1911-2004","Grace, William R., 1959-","Gray, Chris","Hafkemeyer, George F.","Hanks, Evan T.","Hart, Alexis","Hill, Maurice B., Jr.","Gallahan, Maxwell R.","Holt, Donald B.","Honsinger, Vernon C.","Hottle, Rodney A.","Johnson, Reed","Kowalczyk, Kristopher G., 1982-","Laninga, Daryl","Leugers , Jerome","Martin, Mark G.","McMasters, Robert","McMullen, Robert P., 1981-","Moncure, Thomas B., 1950?-","Dittrich, James F.","Neel, John L.","Niebel, Laura E.","Ostlund, Eugene","Overstreet, Valerie","Patchin, Stephen D., 1940-","Peniston, Robert C.","Pistochini, Mark D.","Rivers, Russell","Rody, Frederick C.","Rutherford, William B. (William Bruce)","Schmoll , Ross","Shea, Anthony","Smith, Jared","Stone, Dennis","Todd, Robert W., II (Robert Walston)","Tubbs, James O.","Turnnidge, Colin S., II, 1961-","Van Ness , Darrell G.","Wade, Clifford L. J., 1954-","Zeppenfeld, R. Kurt","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MS.0510","/repositories/3/resources/766"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Military oral history collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["Military oral history collection"],"collection_ssim":["Military oral history collection"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"creator_ssm":["Virginia Military Institute. Adams Center for Military History"],"creator_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute. Adams Center for Military History"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute. Adams Center for Military History"],"creators_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute. Adams Center for Military History"],"access_terms_ssm":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may \nnot be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"access_subjects_ssim":["World War, 1914-1918","World War, 1939-1945","Korean War (1950-1953)","Vietnam War (1961-1975)","Persian Gulf War (1991)","Iraq War, 2003-2011","Afghan War, 2001-2021","Oral histories"],"access_subjects_ssm":["World War, 1914-1918","World War, 1939-1945","Korean War (1950-1953)","Vietnam War (1961-1975)","Persian Gulf War (1991)","Iraq War, 2003-2011","Afghan War, 2001-2021","Oral histories"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["12 cubic feet"],"extent_tesim":["12 cubic feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Oral histories"],"date_range_isim":[2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA small number of interviews carry donor access restrictions.  Most are available without restriction.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThese interviews are not available online. Please contact the VMI Archives for information about accessing this material.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["A small number of interviews carry donor access restrictions.  Most are available without restriction.","These interviews are not available online. Please contact the VMI Archives for information about accessing this material."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"http://digitalcollections.vmi.edu/cdm/landingpage/collection/p15821coll13\"\u003eThe bulk of this collection is available online.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Online Access"],"altformavail_tesim":["The bulk of this collection is available online."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Military Oral History Project was orginally an initiative of VMI's John A. Adams '71 Center for Military History and Strategic Analysis. The Center's first Director, Kip Muir (served 2002-2011) initiated the oral history program, in which VMI cadets interviewed veterans as part of their military history coursework. Subsequent cadet-conducted interviews were overseen by the Center's second Director, Bradley L. Coleman.  \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn addition, a 2015 collaborate effort between Coleman and journalist Lisa Tracy resulted in a number of interviews conducted by Tracy with VMI World War II alumni.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlfred A. Alvarez was born in 1924 and grew up in Chelsea, Massachusetts. He enlisted in July 1942, and following stateside training, joined the 1st Infantry Division in England. He took part in the Normandy invasion, hitting \"Easy Red,\" Omaha Beach on D-Day. He subsequently saw action in the Champagne campaigns and at Hurtgen Forest, the Battle of the Bulge, and in Czechoslovakia. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAlvarez re-enlisted in the Reserves in 1945, and during his thirty-two years of duty served combat tours in Korea and Vietnam, and was deployed to Central and South America. He was inducted into the United States Army Officer Candidate School (OCS) Hall of Fame in April 2003. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eErnest A. Andrews was born in 1923 in Tennessee and was drafted into the United States Army in 1943. He served in the 16th Infantry, H Company, First Infantry Division (Big Red One) until the end of the World War II, and was in combat at Normandy, and in the Rhineland, Central Europe, and Ardennes, France.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJoseph L. Argenzio was born in 1927 New York City, New York. He entered the United States Army in 1944 and, following training, was assigned to the First Infantry Division, 3rd Battalion, 16th Infantry, M Company. On D-Day he was part of the first wave at Omaha Beach, France. Argenzio subsequently saw combat in France, Belgium, and Germany, and participated in the liberation of Falkenau concentration camp in Czechoslovakia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCharles D. Bachman enlisted in the United States Navy in 1943 and became a part of the V12 Unit in Champaign, Illinois. A summary of his military services includes:\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNovember 1944–1945: Attended Midshipmens School at Columbia University, New York\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMarch 1943–1945: Attended Destroyer Schools in Norfolk, Virginia\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eJune 1945–August 1945: Attended Tactical Radar School in Hollywood Beach, Florida\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAugust 1945–October 1945: Attended Fighter Director School in St. Simons, Georgia\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNovember 1945–August 1946: Served as deck officer, Combat Information Center watch officer, and fighter director on board the USS Warrington (DD-843)\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJohn Gilchrist Barrett was born in 1921 in Gastonia, North Carolina. In 1942 he joined the United States Naval Reserves and was commissioned following his graduation from Wake Forest University. Barrett served in the Pacific Theater on the LCI(L)-1052 (Landing Craft Infantry Large). He was discharged in 1946 and enrolled in graduate school, receiving a PhD in history from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Barrett was a Professor of History at VMI from 1953 until his retirement in 1987. He died in 2013 in Lexington, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHobert Bodkin joined the United States Marine Corps in September 1942 and was assigned to the 1st Marine Division in March 1944. He went into combat during the invasion of Peleliu Island, Palau, and in April 1945 took part in the invasion of Okinawa, Japan.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCharles Brooks, a native of North Carolina, was drafted in May 1943. Following stateside service with an Anti-Aircraft Artillery (AAA) unit, he was shipped to Europe where he was assigned to Company A, 16th Infantry Regiment, 1st Division. He served as a first scout until the end of World War II.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFred Brown was drafted in 1942 at the age of 19. After receiving training at Fort Jackson, South Carolina, he shipped out to the European theater. Brown took part in the Normandy invasion, the Battle of the Bulge, and the Battle of Hurtgen Forest.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGuy B. Burnette was born in 1921 in North Carolina and was drafted in 1942. After training, his unit was stationed in Hawaii for island defense, and after the atomic bombs were dropped on Japan, he was sent there for occupation duty.  Following World War II,  Burnett returned to North Carolina where he raised a family and was a farmer and construction worker.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eStanley Caulkins served as a B-17 radio operator in the United States Army Air Force from 1943 to 1946.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRobert L. Cheatham, Jr. graduated from Clemson University, South Carolina, and was commisioned as a second lieutenant through the Reserve Officers' Training Corps (ROTC) program in August 1942. Following training he was shipped overseas and arrived in North Africa on December 26, 1942. On February 13, 1943 he was assigned to C Company, 26th Infantry, First Division. Cheatham was captured by the Germans at Kasserine Pass, Tunisia on February 20, 1943 and was a prisoner of war until he was liberated on April 29, 1945.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAllen E. Clark enlisted in the United States Marine Corps in 1942 and served during World War II in the Pacific Theater on Bougainville, Guam, and Iwo Jima. He was a member of B Company, 1st Battalion, 21st Marine Regiment, 3rd Marine Division.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGlen Cleckler served with the United States Marine Corps during World War II from February 1943 to December 1945. His service included participation in the Battle of Iwo Jima.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWilliam H. Collier served in World War II in the 106th Cavalry Regiment (mechanized). He participated in several campaigns in Europe, including Normandy, northern France, Rhineland, Ardennes-Alsace, and Central Europe. He also served in the Army of Occupation in Austria. His later career included postings in Korea, Germany, Hawaii, Vietnam, and the Pentagon. He retired in 1971, having obtained the rank of Lieutenant Colonel.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCyril G. Cousart enlisted in the United States Army in 1942 and became a flight crew member on the B-29 bomber. His unit was stationed at Saipan in the Marianas and he flew on 35 missions over mainland Japan.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eChalmer E. Cowan was born in 1919 in Pennsylvania and was drafted in the United States Army in October 1941. After basic training, he was assigned to Battery A, 27th Field Artillery Battalion. He fought throughout North Africa and Italy during World War II. Cowan was discharged in July 1945.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGeorge E. Cvengros (1923-1985) served in the 134th Infantry Regiment, Company \"F.\" His unit landed on Omaha Beach on July 5, 1944 and fought throughout France and Germany. He participated in the Battle of the Bulge, Germany, and was in Hannover, Germany when World War II ended.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJoseph O. Dazzo joined the United States Army in 1940 and was assigned to the 1st Infantry Division as a combat medic. He served in North Africa and Sicily, and took part in the Normandy invasion. His unit subsequently fought through France, Belgium, Germany, and Czechoslovakia. Dazzo was discharged in September 1945.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNathan DeSantis joined the Merchant Marines in December 1941 and is a graduate of the Merchant Marine Academy, Class of 1944. He served throughout World War II on various vessels that carryied cargo in support of combat operations. DeSantis spent his entire career in the Merchant Marines and retired in 1988.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRobert Fred Dexter was born in Massachusetts in 1925. He joined the United States Army in January 1944 and served in World War II, Korea, Central and South America, and in Vietnam. Following the end of his Army service in 1971, he began a career with the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMark R. Dixon grew up on a farm in York County, South Carolina, and was drafted in the United States Army in July 1945. He served one year with the First Infantry Division during the post-World War II occupation of Germany.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWalter M. Duncan, Sr. entered the United States Army Air Forces in November 1943 and received flight training on several aircraft before being assigned to the B-24.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHoward Dunfee was drafted in 1943 into the United States Army and was assigned to the 1st Infantry Division. He landed in Normandy on three days after D-Day and served as a front line infantryman, machine gun bearer, and gunner until he was seriously wounded near Aachen, Germany. After receiving treatment in several hospitals, Dunfee returned to the United States and was discharged in April 1945.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAllen D. Evans was born and raised in Indiana and is a decorated veteran of World War II. He enlisted in the United States Army in December 1942 and served in Europe with the 76th Field Artillery Battalion. He was a Staff Sergeant in charge of the Fire Direction Center and saw action throughout the European Theater of Operations (ETO), including the battles at Remagen, Germany and Ardennes Forest, France.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRobert R. Fair was born in Kansas in 1925. After spending a semester at Louisiana State University in the Army Specialized Training Program (ASTP), he entered the regular United States Army in mid-December 1943. He was assigned to the 100th Infantry Division, arriving in Europe (Marseille, France) in October 1944. Fair fought on the front lines as the Division moved through France and Germany until he was wounded in April 1945.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWilliam C. Farmer was born in 1926 and joined the United States Navy after graduating from high school in 1944. He was stationed aboard an LSM (Landing Ship Medium) serving in the Pacific theater. His vessel operated in the Mariana Islands and supported the invasion of Okinawa, Japan in the Spring of 1945.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEdward Feightner was designated as a Naval Aviator in 1942, commissioned as an Ensign from that date, and subsequently progressed in rank to that of Rear Admiral 1971. During his distinguished career, he served in World War II as an Engineering Officer for various squadrons that operated in the Pacific theater. He was a test pilot and a member of the \"Blue Angels,\" and has over twenty years of experience in command of squadrons, airwings, ships, training units, and major staffs.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWilliam Funkhouser, a decorated veteran of World War II, grew up in the Shenandoah Valley near Strasburg, Virginia. He joined the United States Army in February 1943 and served with F Company, 16th Regiment, First Infantry Division (Big Red One). He landed in Normandy on D-Day, June 6, 1944, and subsequently fought in the Battle of the Bulge.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDonald E. Furman grew up in Pennsylvania and was drafted in 1941. He served as a light tank driver in the European theater where his unit was assigned to reconnaissance duty.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRoy George was born in 1927 in New Jersey and enlisted in the United States Navy in August 1944. During his time in service, he completed Aviation A and B Schools and was assigned to service seaplanes and other aircraft. George received an honorable discharge in August 1948, leaving the Navy as an Aviation Metalsmith, 2nd Class Petty Officer.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrank J. Haggerty enlisted in the United States Army Air Corps on December 8, 1941, one day after the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. Following stateside training as an aircraft mechanic, he shipped overseas and was stationed at Polebrook Army Air Force Station (Northamptonshire, United Kingdom) home of the Eighth Air Force. Haggerty's unit (320th Service Squadron attached to the 351st Bomb Group) serviced the B-17 Flying Fortress. At the end of World War II Haggerty remained in the Air Force for a total of 20 years, retiring in 1962.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eR. \"Hap\" Halloran served in the United States Army Air Force during World War II. He was a B-29 navigator with the 73rd Wing, 499th Bomb Group, 878th Squadron, flying missions over Japan from a base in Saipan, northern Marianas. Halloran was shot down over Japan on January 27, 1945 and became a prisoner of war.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJohn Selden Halsey, VMI Class of 1943, entered the United States Army in May 1943. A decorated combat veteran, he served in Europe with the 116th Mechanized Reconnaissance Squadron and was wounded in action in Germany in February 1945.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eR. Marlowe Harper was attending the University of Alabama when he was drafted in 1942. He was trained in radar and was ground crew member for the B-29 bomber, maintaining the gun laying set. Harper spend the last 8 months of World War II on Guam, where he supported missions bombing oil refineries in Japan. He was attached to the 20th Air Force, 15th Bomb Wing, 21st Squadron.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJerome \"Bud\" Holzman served in Europe with the United States Army 94th Infantry Division from March 1945 to August 1945. As World War II came to an end, his unit was assigned to patrol, guard, and similar occupation duties in Germany and Czechoslovakia. He spent the final three months of his overseas duty at George S. Patton's 3rd Army Headquarters.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWilliam Howard enlisted in the United States Navy in 1939 and attended boot camp at the Great Lakes Naval Station, Illinois. He served in the Asiatic Fleet from 1939-1943. After leaving the Navy, he worked in a munitions factory.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJohn Poindexter Irby III, VMI Class of 1944, was inducted into the United States Army in 1943, graduated from Officer Candidate School in 1944 and was first assigned to the 30th Cavalry Reconnaissance Squadron in Fort Riley, Kansas.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCarl F. Jenkins grew up on a dairy farm near Gastonia, North Carolina. He was drafted in August 1944 at the age of 18. After completing basic training, he was sent overseas as a replacement in the Big Red One during the Battle of the Bulge. Jenkins was wounded by scrapnel on February 28, 1945 and was awarded the Bronze Star and Purple Heart.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJohn R. Kershaw, a World War II veteran, served as a B-17 bomber pilot in Europe. Following training he was assigned to the 92nd Bomb Group, 327th Squadron, at Podington, England. Kershaw flew numerous combat missions, bombing targets over Germany.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrank E. King was born in 1922 in Wythe County, Virginia. He volunteered for the United States Army in September 1942 and served with Headquarters Company, 2nd Battalion, 16th Infantry Regiment, 1st Infantry Division throughout World War II. King was in North Africa, Sicily, and landed at Omaha Beach on D-Day. He subsequently saw action in other major battles, including Huertgen Forest, Germany, and the Battle of the Bulge. King served overseas for more than 30 months and was awarded several decorations, including the Bronze Star.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVice Admiral Jerome H. King, Jr. received his commission in the United States Navy in 1941, following his graduation from Yale University. His distinguished career began with service in the Pacific Theater during World War II and continued for over three decades until his retirement from active duty in 1974.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEdmund B. Kinter joined the United States Merchant Marines in 1943 and served on Liberty ships carrying ammunition and supplies across the Atlantic.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLeonard G. Lawton was born in 1919 in Orlando, Florida and entered the United States Marine Corps following his graduation from Stetson University in 1941. After completing boot camp and officer training, he served with the 1st Marine Division in the Pacific Theater where he saw extensive action and witnessed firsthand the conditions of jungle fighting. Lawton was awarded:\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe Silver Star for action on Guadalcanal\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe Purple Heart for a wound received in November 1942\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTwo Presidential Unit citations\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eone personal letter of citation from Admiral William Halsey\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWalter Luikart joined the United States Merchant Marines in 1943. He served on nine ships, including Liberty ships that carried cargo and on troop ships in the English Channel that delivered soldiers and vehicles to the beachhead. Luikart's assignments took him to the North Atlantic, Indian Ocean, and Mediterranean Sea. He left the service in 1947.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDemetrius \"Pete\" Lypka was born in 1918 in New Jersey and enlisted in the United States Army in 1941. He was assigned to the 1st Infantry Division, 16th Infantry, Company G and served until the end of World War II, seeing action in North Africa, Italy, France, and Germany. Lypka was discharged in July 1945 and returned home to start a career as a carpenter.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlexander Marsh enlisted in the United States Army in June 1942. He served as a 57mm anti-tank gun platoon commander with the 106th Infantry and was deployed to Europe. He was captured in the Ardennes, France on December 16, 1944 and spent three months in Stalag IX, Germany.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCharles H. McKinney was born in 1920 in Selma, Alabama and joined the United States Army during the early days of World War II. After completing Officer Candidate School (OCS) in 1942, he joined the 509th Parachute Battalion in North Africa. He subsequently saw combat in Italy, France, and Belgium. McKinney also fought with the 505th Regiment, 82nd Airborne Division during the Korean War. He retired from active duty in 1962.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlexander Michnewich was born in 1923 in Brooklyn, New York. From 1943 to 1946 he served in the United States Army Corps of Engineers, 1905th Aviation Battalion, and was stationed in the China-Burma-India theater.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRobert Moberg joined the United States Marine Corps in April 1943. After initial assignments, his unit was sent to Camp Tarawa, Hawaii, to join the 5th Marine Division and train for the invasion of Japan. He was en route to Japan when World War II ended, and went into Japan as part of the occupation forces.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMalcolm Muir, Sr. served with the United States Naval Reserve from 1942 to 1945 as an Armed Guard officer on board the SS Booker T. Washington (troop ship, Liberty ship), the Sinclair H-C (merchant tanker), and the SS Carleton Ellis (merchant tanker, Liberty ship).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWilma Murray joined the United States Army Nurse Corps in 1941. After stateside training, she shipped overseas to England. She subsequently was deployed to Normandy and landed on Omaha Beach 10 days after D-Day. Murray served in evacuation hospitals attached to the 1st Army, treating the wounded as the troops fought through France and Belgium. At the end of the War, she was in Germany where she cared for tuberculosis patients in the liberated Buchenwald concentration camp.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJames B. Naughton served for three years in the United States Marine Corps. Much of that time was spent in the hospital due to serious injuries received as a result of combat action during the Battle of Iwo Jima in 1945. Naughton is a successful accountant and worked at Naughton, Cesario and Company, which he began following his military service.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGuy C. Nicely, Jr. grew up in Lexington, Virginia and is a decorated veteran of World War II. He was drafted in the United States Army in February 1943 and soon joined the First Division, the Big Red One. After serving briefly in Sicily, Italy, his unit was sent to England to train for the D-Day invasion on June 6, 1944. He landed on Omaha Beach and later fought in the Battle of the Bulge. He received both the Bronze Star and the Purple Heart.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEdwin A. \"Ned\" Noble grew was born in 1922 in Bethel, Vermont and attended Tufts University after graduating from high school. He was drafted in the United States Army in 1944 and was assigned to the 1st Infantry Division, serving in the Ardennes, Rhineland, and Central Europe. He subsequently served as Acting Battalion Sergeant major during occupation duty in Nuremberg, Germany. Noble died on January 3, 2013 in Washington, D.C.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCononel Anthony J. Perna (Retired) had a distinguished thirty year career in the United States Air Force and was among the youngest officers to reach the rank of Colonel. During World War II he served as a flight instructor for B-17s and B-24s. He was subsequently involved in both the Berlin Airlift (Germany) and in the creation of the United States flight simulation program. Perna also had assignments as the Defense Attaché to Israel during the Six Day War, in the Strategic Air Command (SAC) during the Cold War, and he served on the staff of the Joint Chiefs at the Pentagon.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGeorge Porter enlisted in the United States Army at the beginning of the World War II and served at the famed Tuskegee Army Air Field, Alabama as a mechanic ground crew chief. He worked primarily on the P-40 and was responsible for training the mechanics who supported the Tuskegee Fighter Squadrons.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCarl D. Proffitt enlisted in the National Guard of Virginia in 1939 and reported for active duty on February 3, 1941, at Fort George G. Meade, Maryland. He shipped overseas to England in September of 1942. He served with K Company, 116th Infantry, 29th Division, for the D-Day Invasion. Among his numerous decorations are the Distinguished Service Cross, the Silver Star, two Bronze Stars, three Purple Hearts, the Good Conduct Medal, the Pre Pearl Harbor Medal, the Combat Infantry Badge, the French Freedom Medal, and the State of Virginia Distinguished Service Award.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJulian M. Quarles, Jr. served as an United States Army infantry officer (36th Division) during World War II, taking part in the landing at Salerno, Italy. He and another officer were captured, escaped from the prison train carrying them to Germany, and then made their way back to their outfit after 33 days behind German lines.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring World War II, Richard Rathmell served as a 3rd Assistant Engineer on a merchant marine vessel. His ships made ammunition runs in support of the war effort, including a North Atlantic crossing to supply the Battle of the Bulge.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEmmett F. Reagan was born in 1924 in Norfolk, Virginia and joined the United States Navy in 1942. After completing flight school, he served as a pilot in the Pacific Theater flying search and destroy missions.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJohn M. Remaly served in the United States Army Air Force from 1943 to 1945. He was an engineer on a B-24 Liberator bomber, flying in India, Burma, and China with the 10th Army Air Force. He was seriously burned when his plan made a crash landing on July 29, 1944.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWilliam Repke enlisted in the United States Army in 1938 with the 102nd Cavalry. He went overseas to England in September 1942, then to Algiers, Africa in January of 1943. His unit was transferred to Italy and went into combat in Rome. He made the invasion of South France with the 117th Cavalry Squadron. Repke received a Battlefield Commission in October 1944, transferred to the 36th Infanty Division and then served six months in combat with Company B, 142nd Infantry. He was discharged in September 1945, having received the European Theater of Operations (ETO) Service Ribbon with five battle stars and one arrowhead, the Presidential Unit Citation, Combat Infantry Badge, Silver Star, and Bronze Star.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCharles A. Riley joined the United States Navy in 1943 at the age of 16. During World War II he served with the Navy's Scouts and Raiders, participating with the United States Marines in several campaigns, including the landing at Iwo Jima, Japan. Following the War he enrolled in college and subsequently joined the United States Army (Airborne) and then transferred to the Air Force, serving as an aviator. He flew missions in both Korea and Vietnam. Riley retired from active duty in 1970.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eKenneth D. Rupe was drafted into the United States Army in May 1942 and was assigned to hospital administration in the 300th General Hospital. The unit shipped overseas in the fall of 1943 and Rupe spent the bulk of the war in Naples, Italy in the 300th Headquarters.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEdward A. Ryan served with the United States Army, 29th Infantry, from 1943 to 1946.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRobert Sams enlisted in the United States Coast Guard in 1943. He spent 17 months at sea aboard the USS Cambria (APA 36) and participated in landing troops in the Marshall and Mariana Islands, the Philippines, Saipan, and Okinawa (Japan). Sams was also part of the first United States forces to land at Nagasaki, Japan six weeks after an atomic bomb destroyed the city.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLuther J. Schilling served with the United States Army, G-3 106th Infantry Division, Army of Occupation in Germany from 1944 to 1946.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArthur Schintzel is a decorated veteran of World War II and the recipient of two Purple Hearts. He was drafted in 1942 and served in Europe with the United States Army 16th Infantry, First Infantry Division. He took part in the Normandy, France invasion on D-Day and was seriously wounded in action.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCharles B. Shaeff served in the United States Navy Reserves from June 24, 1943 to March 24, 1946.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFirst Lieutenant Gale Shreffler joined the United States Army Air Force in 1941. He was a B-29 Navigator based on Tinian Island, Marianas Islands where he served with the 313th Bomb Wing, 504th Bomb Group. Shreffler took part in bombing raids over Japan and crash landed on Iwo Jima in July 1945.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlfred St. Clair was born in Bedford County, Virginia in 1918. He was drafted into the United States Army in July 1941 and served until the end of World War II. He was with the Fifth Army in England, North Africa, and Italy, including the Battle of Anzio (Italy). He is the recipient of the Purple Heart.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePhilip O. Stewart enlisted in the United States Army in 1941. His first assignments were stateside with an anti-aircraft artillery battalion. In 1944 he shipped overseas and joined the First Division at the Roer River (Germany) crossing. Stewart fought with the unit in Germany until he was seriously wounded near the end of World War II.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJack Talbot grew up in New Jersey and was working as a riveter when he was drafted into the United States Army in 1942. He shipped overseas in March 1943 and was assigned as a radioman at Headquarters Company, 1st Battalion, 26th Infantry. Talbot's unit served in North Africa, Sicily, France, and Germany until the end of World War II.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSamuel Tarkenton grew up in Norfolk, Virginia, and was drafted into the United States Army in March 1944. He shipped overseas as an infantry replacement in Company D, 26th Infantry, 1st Infantry Division. He fought in the Battle of the Bulge, in Czechloslovakia, and during the early part of the occupation was assigned to the war crimes trials in Nuremberg, Germany. Tarkenton was discharged in March 1946 and returned home to a career at the Norfolk Shipyard.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGeorge J. Tompkins, Jr. enlisted in the United States Army in September 1942. He went overseas in 1943 and was assigned as a radio operator with the 1st Signal Company, 1st Infantry Division. Following time in North Africa, Sicily, and England, Tompkins participated in the Normandy (France) landing on D-Day and subsequently went into Belgium and Germany where he was in the Battle of Hurtgen Forest. He was discharged in October 1945.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCaptain Meeks B. Vaughan commissioned into the United States Army Air Force as a 2nd Lieutenant in June 1942 while at the University of Tennessee. From March 1944 to October 1945 he was stationed at Guadalcanal (Solomon Islands), Bougainville (Solomon Islands), Leyte (Philippines), Morotai (Indonesia), and Palawan (Philippines), serving as an Intelligence Officer (S-2) and Captain.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA decorated veteran of World War II, William H. Wills was born in 1919 in New York City. He joined the United States Army in October 1940 and was assigned to the First Infantry Division, First Engineer Combat Battalion, B Company. Wills served for the entire war, fighting in North Africa, Tunisia, Sicily (Italy), and taking part in the D-Day landing on Omaha Beach (France). He subsequently fought in the Battle of the Bulge and ended the War in Czechoslovakia. After the War he served for 27 years as an officer with the New York City Police Department.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColonel Tyson Wilson served with the United States Marine Corps (active duty and Reserves) from 1941 to 1977. For his service he received the Bronze Star with Combat V, the Purple Heart, and two Presidential Unit Citations (Guadalcanal and Tarawa).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWilliam D. Badgett graduated from VMI in 1953 and served in the United States Air Force as a 1st Lieutenant from November 1953 to July 1955. From July 1954 to 1955 he was stationed in Korea. He served with the 608th Aircraft Control and Warning Squadron, first with Detachment #1 (Target Director Post) and then with Detachment #2 on the island of Pyongyang-do (radar surveillance). Badgett joined the VMI faculty in the fall of 1955 and spent his entire teaching career at VMI.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1957 Ovid Belt enlisted in the United States Army and served two years active duty and two years in the reserves. He deployed overseas to Korea with the 34th Infantry Division and later saw stateside duty with the 14th Infantry Division.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColonel Wesley L. Fox enlisted in the United States Marines on August 4, 1950, and served two tours with the 1st Marine Division in Korea. He commissioned as a 2nd Lieutenant in 1966, and was first assigned to the 2nd Force Reconnaissance. He subsequently had numerous other assignments during his long and distinguished career. Fox's many decorations include the Medal of Honor and the Purple Heart.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVernon A. Good served with the United States Marines from September of 1950 through November of 1951. He in the Inchon–Seoul Campaign, Wonsan Hungnam Chosin Campaign, North Korea. Good has received the following awards:\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eKorean Service Medal with the Silver Star\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNational Defense Medal\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePresidential Unit Citation (three times)\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUnited Nations Service Medal\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eKorea Presidential Unit Citation–Foreign (two times)\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTechnical Sergeant Raymond A. Johnson served with the United States Marine Corps from 1948 to 1952.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJoseph W. Kovac enlisted in the United States Navy in 1950 and served during the Korean War aboard the destroyer USS Allen M. Sumner (DD 692). The ship was active in Pusan, Korea, where the mission was to prevent the progress of enemy supply trains. Kovac left the Navy in 1954 and returned to civilian life.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLeonard L. Lewane commissioned in the United States Army following his graduation from VMI in 1950 and rose to the rank of Colonel before retiring in 1974. During the Korean War (1950-1953) he served with the 72nd Tank Battalion, 2nd Infantry Division and the 64th Tank Battalion, 3rd Infantry Divison. During the Vietnam War (1965-1966) he served with the 1st Squadron, 4th Cavalry \"Quarter Horse\", 1st Division \"Big Red One.\" Lewane's Cold War assignments in Germany included Commander, 1st Brigade, 1st Armored Division (1972-1973) and Chief of Staff, United States Army Berlin (1973-1974).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCharles W. McKellar served with the United States Army Transport Service (1944-1945), the United States Marine Corps (1945–1949 and 1951–1966), and with the United States Marine Corps Reserve (1949–1951).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBill Rivers Penn, MD, served in the United States Navy from 1950 to 1955. This included a tour of duty with the United States Marines from November 1952 to May 1953 as a Fleet Marine Force (FMF) corpsman.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJohn T. Pepper served with the Air National Guard as a mechanic prior to the Korean War. During the War he served as an infantryman.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrom 1972 to 1973, Terry G. Allison served in the United States Navy as an Petty Officer Second Class, Aviation Storekeeper in San Diego  (California), Millington (Tennessee), Yorktown (Virginia), and Vietnam.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBrigadier General Norman Michael Bissell graduated from VMI in 1961 and commissioned in the United States Army, retiring in 1987. He served two tours as a combat helicopter pilot in Vietnam. His other assignments included:\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCommander of the 17th Aviation Group\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCommander of the Joint Republic of Korea Army and the United States Army Combined Aviation Force\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDirector of the United States Army Flight Training and Deputy Chief and Acting Chief of Staff of the 101st Airborne Division (Air Assault)\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTwo years in the Joint Chiefs of Staff at the Pentagon as Executive Officer to the Director of Operations (J3).\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLawrence E. Boese joined the United States Air Force following his graduation from VMI in 1966 and rose to the rank of Lieutenant General before retiring in 1996.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAfter commissioning in 1967, Michael L. Bozeman spent three years in the United States Army, including a year in Vietnam, where he served with distinction as a platoon leader and commanded a Long Range Reconnaissance Patrol Unit. His awards and decorations include the Silver Star, Bronze Star, Legion of Merit, Air Medal, Meritorious Service Medal, the Combat Infantryman's Badge, and the Ranger Tab. He is also a retired Brigadier General in the United States Army Reserve.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGeorge M. Brooke, III, was a commissioned officer in the United States Marine Corps from 1967 to 1994, retiring at rank of Colonel. A summary of his military service includes:\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e1968-1969: First Marine Division, Vietnam, as an artillery forward observer and battery fire direction officer\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e1969-1972: United States Field Artillery School, Fort Sill, Oklahoma, as an Instructor, Gunnery Department\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e1973-1974: Third Marine Division, Okinawa, Japan, as a Rifle Company Commander\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e1974-1975: Marine Detachment, USS Canopus (AS-34), Holy Loch, Scotland, as a Commanding Officer\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e1976-1979: Second Marine Division, Camp Lejeune, North Carolina, as a Battalion Operations Officer, Logistics Officer, and Artillery Battery Commanding Officer\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e1983-1984: Headquarters, United States Marine Corps, Washington, D.C., as a Maritime Prepositioning Ships (MPS) Program Project Officer\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e1985-1986: III Marine Amphibious Force, Okinawa, Japan, as a Force Plans Officer\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e1986-1991: 1st Marine Corps District, Garden City, New York, as a Commanding Officer, Executive Officer, and Operations Officer\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e1991-1994: Joint Staff, Pentagon, in Washington, D.C., as a Division Chief, J-7 Directorate.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBayes L. Bryant was born in Washington, D.C. in 1948 and enlisted in the United States Army in March 1968. He served until January 1972, completing two combat tours in Vietnam.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCaptain Lloyd C. Burger graduated from the United States Coast Guard Academy in New London, Connecticut, and served with the Coast Guard from 1960 to 1988.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColonel Leland H. Burgess commissioned at the University of Alabama as a 2nd lieutenant of artillery in May of 1965. He entered active duty in February of 1966 and underwent Artillery Basic Training at Fort Sill, Oklahoma. Burgess was a helicopter pilot in the Vietnam War from July 1967 to February 1968.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRichard F. Cayo served with the United States Navy from 1952 to 1973, serving on the USS Rushmore (LSD-47), USS Rankin (AKA-103), USS Cambria (APA-36), USS Okinawa (LPH-3), and USS DuPont (DD-941).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAn infantry officer, Colonel William H. Dabney served 37 years in the Marine Corps, including two tours in Vietnam. He earned numerous citations, including the Silver Star, two Bronze Stars and two Vietnamese Crosses of Gallantry, and the Navy Cross. While in Vietnam, he commanded India Company, 3rd Battalion, 26th Marines, on Hill 881S during the Battle of Khe Sanh, for which he was awarded the Navy Cross in 2005.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCharles L. Dailey grew up in Pennsylvania, attending college there and in Indiana. He joined the United States Army in 1957, went through flight school, and was rated to fly both rotary and fixed wing aircraft. Dailey served two tours of duty in Vietnam, piloting the U-1A \"Otter\" and the twin-engine U-8D.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTerry J. Davis commissioned in the United States Army as a 2nd Lieutenant in April 1968 and entered active duty at Fort Bliss, Texas in September. He was assigned to the 1st Air Cavalry Division, serving in the Vietnam War from September 1969 to June 1970. Davis was a forward observer attached to an infantry company responsible for patrolling the jungles in the region known as the \"corridors\" to Saigon. He also participated in the invasion of Cambodia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLieutenant Colonel Lee S. Dewald served on active duty with the United States Army from 1969 to 1992. His military service included time as a Brigade Assistant (Operations), 3rd Brigade, 1st Cavalry Division, Vietnam, during which he planned combat intelligence operations for two air cavalry troops, a ranger company, and was involved in many other intelligence-related assignments. Dewald also was a Professor of Applied Mathematics at VMI, retiring in 2017.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlaise S. DiMartino served in the United States Navy from September 1966 to August 1970 as a machinery repairman, 3rd class. He spent one year in Vietnam aboard a river boat repair ship and 24 months aboard the USS Monticello (LSD-35), in the Pacific Region.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFloyd H. Duncan graduated from VMI in 1964 and was on active duty in the United States Army from 1965 to 1967. He subsequently served in the Army Reserves. From 1978 to 2013 he was a member of the VMI faculty.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCaptain Ronald A. Erchul spent twenty years in the United States Navy following his graduation from the Naval Academy in 1961. An ocean engineer, he received a Master's degree from the Naval Post-Graduate School and a PhD from the University of Rhode Island.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlan F. Farrell was born in 1945 in Hanover, New Hampshire  and joined the United States Army (Special Forces) in 1966, serving in Vietnam from 1968 to 1970. Following his Army service, Farrell received a Bachelor's, Master's, and PhD from Tufts University and began a career in higher education.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAdmiral William J. Flanagan commissioned in the United States Navy in 1967 and was selected for flag rank in his 20th year of service. He was subsequently among the youngest officers to achieve four star rank. During his 29-year career, he served in all theaters of operations,  including the Vietnam War, Persian Gulf War, and Iraq War. Flanagan served as:\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCommander, United States Second Fleet\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCommander of North Atlantic Treaty Organization's (NATO) Striking Fleet\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCommander in Chief, United States Atlantic Fleet\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNATO's Commander-in-Chief, Western Atlantic\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\nAmong his many military decorations are the Navy and Defense Distinguished Service Medals. Flanagan retired from the Navy in 1996.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRobert L. Gardner served in the Vietnam War as a United States Army avionics technician in the 56th Battalion, 330th Company and attached to the 611th Company. He worked primarily on helicopters.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWilliam Grady went through United States Army basic training at Fort Jackson, South Carolina and then on to Fort Riley, Kansas, where he was with the 1st Division, 26th Infantry, C Company. He served in Vietnam and left the armed services as a Specialist 4.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThomas Turner went through United States Army basic training at Fort Jackson, South Carolina, and then went to Fort Sam Houston, Texas for medical training. In Vietnam he served as a line medic for approximately eleven months in the field, one month in the rear. Upon his return from Vietnam, he worked in Fort Belvoir, Virginia, in the flight surgeon's office.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArbury Daryl Hooker was drafted in June of 1969 into the United States Army Special Forces and served with Project Phoenix during the Vietnam War. During his military career he was stationed in Korea (1973-1974), Fort Bragg, California (1974-1976), Fort Greely, Alaska (1979), and Fort Eustis, Virginia (1979-1983). He also served with Task Force 160th Delta Force from 1983 to 1987 and in 1987, the Virginia Army National Guard.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColonel Robert M. Hudson served as a pilot with the United States Air Force and was a prisoner of war for 93 days in Vietnam. During his career he flew the T-39, B-52F, B-52D, B-52H, FB-111, F-100 and F-16. He served as:\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eChief, battlestaff, Looking Glass\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBase Commander, Brooks Air Force Base, Texas\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBase Commander at a classified location\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eInspector General, Ramstein Air Base, Germany\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDirector of Strategic Air Command, Strategic Communication Division\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBrigadier General William C. Jones was appointed to the United States Air Force Academy in 1960 and received his commission as a Second Lieutenant in 1964. Upon completion of F-105 training in 1967, he was assigned to the 333rd Tactical Fighter Squadron, Takhli, Thailand, where he flew 189 combat missions, 123 over North Vietnam. Jones is a command pilot with over 6,000 flying hours in the T-33, T-37, T-38, F-102, F-105, F-106, A-7, C-26, and F-16 aircraft, including over 562 combat hours. He served as Assistant Adjutant General for Air, Headquarters, Virginia Air National Guard, based at Richmond International Airport, in Sandston. He retired in May 2001.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGeneral John P. Jumper, VMI Class of 1966, retired in 2005 after a distinguished 39 year career. He served as the 17th Chief of Staff of the United States Air Force from 2001 to 2005.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRonald W. Kosh enlisted in the United States Air Force in October 1962 and trained in air traffic control and combat control. His overseas deployments included assignments in the Philippines, Vietnam, Thailand, and Laos. Missions during the Vietnam War included deployment with Special Forces units and providing forward air control for interdiction of North Vietnamese Army materiel.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCaptain Jerold L. Krumwiede graduated from the United States Naval Academy in 1954 and served until 1980. Following graduation he was assigned duty as Gunnery Officer on USS Frank Knox (DDR 742). In 1957, he attended United States Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, earning an Master of Science in physics. His West Coast career focused on nuclear weapons at the Nuclear Weapons Training Command, and engineering assignments on USS Yorktown (CV 10) and Commander Destroyer Squadron 17 Staff. He became the Executive Officer of USS Morton (DD 748) serving tours in Vietnam theater.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOn the East Coast, Krumwiede attended the Naval War College, concurrently earning an Master of Science in international affairs. This duty was followed by two years on the academic staff of the United States Naval Academy. This was followed by two years as Commanding Officer, USS Mullinix (DD 944). He served as Surface Operations Officer on COMCARGROUP FOUR Staff, followed by two years as Fleet Readiness Officer, CINCUSNAVEUR Staff, London, England. Following this duty he served four years on the Deputy \nChief of Naval Operations for Surface Warfare Staff, in command and control and electronic warfare programs.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMajor General James E. Livingston retired in 1995 after more than 33 continuous years of active duty in the United States Marine Corps. His last assignment was as Commander of the Marine Forces Reserve in New Orleans, Louisiana. He commissioned as a Second Lieutenant in 1962 and promoted to Captain in 1966, serving as the Commanding Officer of the Marine detachment aboard the aircraft carrier USS Wasp (CV 18), before joining the 3rd Marine Division (Reinforced) in the Republic of Vietnam in August 1967.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOn May 2, 1968, while serving as the Commanding Officer, Company E, 2nd Battalion, 4th Marines, Livingston distinguished himself above and beyond the call of duty in action against enemy forces and earned the Congressional Medal of Honor. After his second tour in Vietnam, he served as an instructor at the Army's Infantry School, Director of Division Schools for the 1st Marine Division and, later, as the S-3 for 3rd Battalion, 7th Marines. In March 1975, he returned to Vietnam and served as the Operations Officer for the Vietnam evacuation operations which included Operation \"Frequent Wind,\" the evacuation of Saigon. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLieutenant Colonel Paul B. Maini (VMI Class of 1966) served 20 years with the United States Army Infantry, Aviation. He servied in Vietnam from 1969 to 1970 and Korea from 1977 to 1979.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRichard C. Marshall, Jr. (VMI Class of 1965) entered the United States Air Force in December 1966 and trained as an F-4 Phantom pilot. He served three tours of duty in Vietnam where he was a forward air controller and also participated in rescue operations for downed pilots.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColonel John G. Miller served in the United States Marines Corps from 1957 to 1985. During his career he spent two tours in Vietnam, the first as a rifle company commander and battalion assistant operation officer (1965-1966), and the second time as a Co-van advisor to the Vietnamese Marines (1970-1971).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLieutenant Colonel Richard S. Miller (Retired) graduated from VMI in 1960 and commissioned in the United States Army as a 2nd Lieutenant, Infantry. His active duty assignments include:\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e7th Infantry Division, Korea\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e5th Special Forces Group, Vietnam\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAnalyst in the Offices of the Secretary of Defense and Secretary of the Army\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAssistant Professor (mathematics) at West Point, New York\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eInstructor at the United States Navy Postgraduate School, California\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\nMiller retired from active duty in 1980.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWilliam Moriarty commissioned in the United States Marine Corps in 1959. In May 1964 he participated in an On the Job Training (OJT) program and was assigned to the 32nd Vietnamese Ranger Battalion as an advisor. In 1967 he was assigned to the Vietnamese Marine Corps.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJeffrey H. Mosher served in the United States Army from 1970 through 1973, during which time he achieved the rank of Specialist and was a helicopter crew chief door gunner. At the time of this interview he was a Chief Petty Officer with the United Navy Seabees.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSergeant Major (Retired) John Ohmer enlisted in the United States Army in 1963. He received aviation training as a crew chief, working with Cobra and Huey helicopters during his three tours of duty in Vietnam. He subsequently worked as a recruiter, retiring from service in 1990.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWesley I. Rahn joined the United States Air Force in 1961 and retired in 1981. He was stationed at Ft. George G. Meade (at the time, Tipton Army Air Field), Maryland as a weather equipment repairman. From 1966 to 1969 he served in Ramstein, Germany, installing weather equipment throughout Europe. From 1971 to 1972 Rahn was stationed in Vietnam as a tech sergeant. Upon his return to the United States he was stationed at Robins Air Force Base, Georgia in intermediate electronics maintenance. Following this service he became an instructor at the Military Airlift Command Noncommissioned Officer (NCO) Academy, was stationed at Gunter Air Force Base, Alabama, and taught at the Senior Enlisted Academy.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eRahn worked with Lockheed Aircraft Company in Jiddah, Saudi Arabia, teaching management and leadership to Saudi officers working in the Air Force. Subsequently, he worked for the Director of Air Training at Riyadh, Saudi Air Force headquarters, also teaching Royal Saudi Air Force officers advanced management courses. In Saudi Arabia, Rahn also worked for Dallah Avco at R Staff Headquarters, McDonald-Douglas, and also taught at a field training center in Dhahran, where he was promoted to be the superintendent of the facility, working for the Royal Saudi Air Force supervising Saudis and McDonald-Douglas employees who were training Saudis on how to maintain aircraft.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRonald Ray was born in Kentucky in 1942 and graduated from Centre College (Kentucky) and the University of Louisville School of Law. He commissioned as a 2nd Lieutenant in the United States Marine Corps Reserve in 1964 and spent the next five years on active duty. He was deployed to the Dominican Republic, the Caribbean, and served as an advisor in Vietnam from March 1967 to March 1968. Ray served as a Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense during the Reagan administration, on two presidential commissions, and as a military historian at the United States Marine Corps Historical Center.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColonel William R. Ricks served with the United States Air Force from 1964 to 1987 as a pilot of F-105s, F-4s, and F-15s.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColonel John W. Ripley served for 35 years on active duty in the United States Marines Corps. He served two tours in Vietnam. During the second (1971-1972) he was Senior Advisor to the 3rd Vietnamese Marine Battalion, which operated along the demilitarized zone.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrom January 1968 to August 1971, Joseph E. Rosinski served with the United States Air Force, Tactical Air Command (TAC) 38th and 37th Airlift Squadron Headquarters at Langley, Virginia as a Staff Sergeant, supply and logistics.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGilman Rud entered the United States Navy's Aviation Officer Candidate program following his 1966 graduation from North Dakota State University. His distinguished 28 year career included 5,600 hours of flight time and 786 carrier landings. He also flew combat missions during the Vietnam War. He served as:\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCommanding Officer of Attack Squadron 192 (Golden Dragons)\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCommanding Officer and Flight Leader of the Navy Flight Demonstration Squadron (Blue Angels)\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCaptain of the Fleet Replenishment Oiler, USS Wabash (AOR 5)\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCommander of the the aircraft carrier USS Constellation (CV 64)\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\nRud retired from active duty in 1995.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLieutenant Colonel William P. Saunders served in the United States Air Force as an Aircraft Commander (AC-47), Flight Scheduler, 4th Special Operations Squadron at Bien Thuy Air Base/Bien Hoa Air base, Republic of Vietnam. He served with the Air Force through 1988.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGlenn A. Thieme was born in Wisconsin in 1931 and served in the United States Navy from July 1949 to June 1975, achieving the rank of Lieutenant Commander.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLieutenant Commanders Thomas D. Todd enlisted in the United States Navy in 1953. He served in the Inactive Reserves from 1957 to 1961, was an aviation officer candidate in 1961, a Naval officer from 1961 to 1968, and served in the Active Reserves from 1968 to 1982. He also served as Legal Officer VR-22 in Norfolk, Virginia from 1962 to 1965, as Assistant Air Intelligence Officer on the USS Coral Sea (CVA 43) from 1965 to 1967, and as a political analyst for FICUR NASJAX, Florida.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJames R. Treadwell served in the United States Air Force as an aircraft mechanic and engine and crew chief (1971-1973), and as a KC-135 boom operator and flight engineer (1973-1979). During the Vietnam War he flew on missions to refuel fighter aircraft flying over Cambodia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlair P. Turner commissioned into the United States Navy on April 10, 1970 as a Surface Warfare Officer. He served two overseas deployments during the Vietnam War (1970-1971), and was assigned to the USS Windham County (LST 1170). Turner left active duty in 1973, remaining in the Reserve through 1975. At the time of this interview he was a Professor of History at the Virginia Military Institute.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLieutenant Colonel Steven M. Yedinak (Retired) commissioned into the United States Army Infantry in 1963 and subsequently spent 26 years in Special Forces and Airborne Infantry. He served two combat tours in Vietnam (1966-1967 and 1971-1972), and started the Mobile Guerrilla Force. He is the author of \"Hard to Forget: An American with the Mobile Guerrilla Force in Vietnam\" (Random House, 1998). Yedinak retired from the Army in 1989.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrank Yusi attended United States Navy boot camp in January of 1965 as a seaman recruit, but was then picked up for Officer Candidate School (OCS) and graduated in April. In November 1965 he began service in the South China Sea on a destroyer. From August 1967 to January 1969 he served in Vietnam on river patrol boats (River Division 533 in the Mekong Delta). Following this service Yusi went to OCS as an instructor at Newport, Rhode Island and then returned to destroyers as an engineer. He served for several tours on destroyers, as well as two tours at the Naval War College, one as a student and one on staff. In 1984 he returned as a senior student at the Naval War College and finished his career after being in command and being an Executive Officer on destroyers and frigates, Naval Training Service Center School for Recruits at Great Lakes, Illinois.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGeneral Anthony C. Zinni was an advisor with the South Vietnamese Marines in 1967. Subsequent assignments include the following:\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDeputy Commander in Chief, United States Central Command\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCommanding General, 1st Marine Expeditionary Force\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCommander, Combined Task Force for Operation United Shield\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eChief of Staff and Deputy Commanding General of combined task force Provide Comfort\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSpecial Advisor to the Secretary of State\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSenior Advisor at the Center for Strategic and International Studies\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\nZinni's decorations include the Defense Distinguished Service Medal, the Defense Superior Service Medal with two oak leaf clusters, the Bronze Star Medal with Combat V and gold star in lieu of a second award, and the Purple Heart.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSteven L. Amato, a 1983 VMI graduate, entered active duty in October 1983. He trained as a B-52 navigator and was deployed during Operation Desert Storm (January 1991). In addition to his many assignments, he served at the Pentagon and worked on President George W. Bush's first inaugural. Amato also served as the Head of VMI's Air Force Reserve Officers' Training Corps (AFROTC) detachment.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWilliam F. Andrews graduated from the United States Air Force Academy in 1980 and began pilot training the same year. He has flown the T-37, EF-111, and the F-16. He was deployed in Operation Desert Storm and was a prisoner of war for eight days. Andrews subsequently served as an F-16 squadron and group commander, staff officer for the Joint Staff in Washington, D.C., and taught at the National Defense University, Washington, D.C.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJim Carver had a distinguished career as a senior non-commissioned officer in the United States Army Special Forces. He was deployed to Operation Desert Storm while assigned to Operational Detachment Alphas 326, 3rd Special Forces Group (Airborne), serving as an Engineer Sergeant. Carver subsequently held senior special forces training and operations management positions at Fort Bragg, California, and served as an Reserve Officers' Training Corps (ROTC) Military Science Instructor at the University of Richmond, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTimothy Heely graduated from the United States Naval Academy in 1975 and comissioned that same year. He trained as a pilot and served with distinction for 30 years, rising to the rank of Read Admiral.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColonel James G. Kyser, a United States Naval Academy graduate, had a distinguished career in the Marines Corps from 1985 to 2009. His many deployments included Desert Shield and Desert Storm (1990-1991), special operations missions in Europe and Africa, and the Iraq War. Kyser retired in July 2009 after 24 years of service.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCaptain Charles H. Litz received his Bachelor of Science from the United States Naval Academy and his Master of Science from the National War College. From June 1976 to July 2002 he served a carrier helicopter pilot flying the SH-3H. Litz participated in Desert Storm as part of Airwing on the USS Theodore Roosevelt (CVN 71).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCommander Tom A. Magno spent 22 years as a United States Navy flight officer, piloting E-2 Hawkeyes and F-14A/F-14B Tomcats. He accrued 2500 flight hours/650+ arrested landings, and saw combat tours in Libya (1986), Bosnia (1993), and Iraq (Operation Desert Shield, 1990). Magno retired in 2003.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCommander Timothy S. McElhannon entered the United States Navy in May 1980 upon graduation from the University of Georgia, received his commission in August 1980, and earned his Naval Aviator wings in July 1981. His operational tours include Helicopter Anti-Submarine Squadron Light Thirty-Four in Norfolk, Virginia and Helicopter Anti-Submarine Squadron Light Forty-Three in San Diego, California. McElhannon deployed to the Persian Gulf twice (1983 and 1989) during the Iran/Iraq War where he participated in the escort of re-flagged tankers during the final stage of the War. He subsequently was selected for naval attache duty.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFollowing his distinguished career in the United States Army, General J. H. Binford Peay III became VMI's 14th Superintendent in 2003. Detailed biographical information is avaliable upon request.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCaptain Brian L. Quisenberry graduated from the Virginia Military Institute in 1981 and commissioned in the United States Navy.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRobert J. Cook was on active duty with the United States Army for over 20 years, first as an enlisted soldier and subsequently as an officer. He is a decorated combat veteran who was deployed to Afghanistan, with a background in military intelligence and aviation. From 2005 to 2006 he served as aide-de-camp to the Commanding General at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba. Cook has served twice in the Army Reserve Officers' Training Corps (ROTC) department at VMI.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCaptain Steven Craig is a UH-1N helicopter pilot and a decorated veteran of the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq. He enlisted in the United States Marines Corps in 1989 and subsequently was commissioned and went to flight school. He was deployed in Operation Enduring Freedom in 2004, and in Operation Iraqi Freedom in 2005 to 2006. In 2010 Craig was assigned to the VMI Naval ROTC Department as a Marine Corps Instructor.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFollowing his graduation from VMI in 1989, Gary A. Bissell commissioned in the United States Army and trained as a helicopter pilot. After leaving active duty, he has continued to serve in the Army National Guard and the Reserves, and was deployed during Operation Iraqi Freedom.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLieutenant Colonel William Bither first served with the United States Army 2nd Battalion, 23rd Infantry Regiment at Fort Lewis, Washington as a rifle platoon leader. He then joined United States Army Special Forces and has been stationed in Korea, Quantico (Virginia), the Marine Corps Amphibious Warfare School, Germany, Fort Bragg (California), Kuwait, and Iraq.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCaptain Thomas A. Brashears was 9 3/4 years active with the 18th Field Artillery Brigade Airborne, 1st Armored Division. He deployed to Kosovo from May to December, 2000 and to Iraq as Battery Commander from April 2003 to July 2004.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMajor Robert Churchill served with the United States Air Force from May 19, 1991 to August 15, 2005, and since August 16, 2005 he has served with the United States Air Force Reserves. He attended graduate Space Training and then went into Space Command as an orbit analyst in Space Ops. He then went into pilot training, to Reese Air Force Base, Texas, and then on to F-16 training. At the time of this interview, Churchill was with the 302nd Fighter Squadron.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAt the time of this interview Jose L. Crespo was a logistics officer in the United States Air Force. He has been deployed to Kuwait, Iraq, and Afghanistan.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMajor Tim Daniel began serving with the United States Air Force in January of 1983. He has been an A-10 pilot, T-37 instructor pilot, and an OA-10 pilot, and has 3500 hours of flight time with 100 hours of combat time in Iraq and Afghanistan.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMajor Frank Diorio graduated from the University of Notre Dame in 1996 and immediately commissioned in the United States Marine Corps. He has been deployed to the Kuwait/Iraqi border (1997-2000), Djibouti, Africa (2004), and Al Anbar Province, Iraq (2005).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA combat engineer, Captain Jon A. Drake served in support of Operation Joint Guardian in Kosovo. He later deployed to Iraq in February 2004 as a company commander for Alpha Company, 82nd Engineer Battalion.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMichael Johnson enlisted in the United States Marine Corps in August 1993. At the time of this interview, he was a Military Occupational Specialty 0629 (MOS) Communications Chief (E-7). Johnson has served:\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWith 1st Anglico/Camp Pendleton\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAs a drill instructor at Parris Island, South Carolina\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWith the 2nd Force Reconnaissance Company\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAs Assistant Marine Officer Instructor (AMOI) at VMI\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\nJohnson deployed in support of Operations Iraqi Freedom and Enduring Freedom.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBenjamin Kimsey is a member of the VMI Class of 2009. From 2002 to 2005 he was on active duty in the United States Army in the 116th Brigade, 29th Infantry Division, and was deployed to Guantanamo Bay, Cuba and Afghanistan. Kimsey subsequently became a member of the National Guard, in Delta 1 of the 19th Special Forces Group in Kingwood, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePhillip A. Suydam served in the United States Air Force for 21 years as an Air Force Security Forces Officer. He provided security, police services, force protection planning, and information security program management. His assignments took him to Germany, Guam, and the United Arab Emirates. In 2004 Suydam deployed to Joint Base Balad, Iraq as the Commander of the 332d Expeditionary Security Forces Squadron in support of Operation Iraqi Freedom.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJames G. Wicker entered the United States Navy in 1979, serving on deployments to the Persian Gulf as an Executive Officer to a minesweeper during the Iran-Iraq War, and deployed to the Mediterranean, the Pacific, and Indian Oceans. During his career he served on board the USS Goldsborough (DDG 20), the USS Sides (FFG 14), the USS Elusive (AM 225), and the USS Bainbridge (CGN 25).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAt the time of this interview, Lance Corporal Patrick Young was serving in the United States Marine Corps Reserves and was a member of the Virginia Military Institute Class of 2009. His unit was B. Company, 4th Combat Engineer Battalion out of Roanoke, Virginia. Young is a veteran of Operation Iraqi Freedom.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eKeith R. Anderson served as an active duty Marine Corps officer for eleven years (1980-1992). During his career he flew the H-53 Sea Stallion helicopter, and in addition, spent four years as a Marine One pilot (HMX, presidential helicopter squadron) during the Reagan and Bush administrations. Since leaving military service, Anderson has worked as a jet pilot in corporate aviation.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThomas Arendes joined the United States Navy following his graduation from high school in 2006. At the time of this interview he was an Electrician's Mate, 3rd Class, in the nuclear field, and was serving on the aircraft carrier USS Theodore Roosevelt (CVN-71).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eKenneth W. Baity served in the United States Navy on the USS Sam Houston (SSBN-609). His enlisted rate was Machinist Mate/Engineering Laboratory Technician Nuclear.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBrandon A. Bissell accepted a commission in the United States Army following his graduation from VMI in 1998. He served with the 101st Aviation Regiment at Fort Campbell, Kentucky, flying Black Hawk helicopters. He also has been a company Executive Officer, platoon leader, S-1 and S-3. Bissell subsequently spent two years in Korea.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLieutenant Colonel Marti J. Bissell commissioned in the United States Army in 1988. She trained as a helicopter test pilot and has served on active duty in Korea, Germany, and Fort Riley, Kansas.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBrigadier General Charles F. Brower, IV served in the United States Army from 1969 to 2001, serving in:\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUnited States Army Europe and Africa (USAREUR)\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRVN\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eContinental United States in the 4th Armored Division, 101st Airborne Division, 24th Infantry Division (Mech), and 23rd Infanty Division\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCavalry Troop Commander, RVN, from 1971 to 1972\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\nBrower was an Professor, departments of History and Behavior Sciences and Leadership, at the United States Military Academy. He also served as Deputy Superintendent and Dean of the Faculty at VMI from 2001 to 2008.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLieutenant Kenneth R. Brown enlisted in the Navy in 1994. He received a four-year Reserve Officers' Training Corps (ROTC) scholarship to Norwich University and received his commission in 1999. He has served as a Surface Warfare Officer.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrank Woodruff Buckles was born in 1901 and grew up on a farm in Missouri. He enlisted age 16 and joined the United States Army Ambulance Corps, arriving in France a few months before the end of World War I. At the beginning of World War II he was working as a civilian in the Philippines when he was captured by the Japanese and held in a prisoner of war camp for more than three years.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRear Admiral Steven E. Day enlisted in the United States Coast Guard in 1967 and received his commission in 1979. His long career has included numerous posting stateside and overseas.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColonel Eicher served with the United States Marine Corps for 26 years as an aviator, commissioning in November 1970.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSteven V. Ferguson served with the United States Navy, four years active and two years reserve. He served on the USS Gearing (DD-710).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVictoria P. Friedensen holds an Bachelor of Arts from the University of North Carolina and and Master of Science from Virginia Tech. Her career has included positions at the National Academy of Science and the National Academy of Engineering. At the time of this interview, Friedensen was a civilian employee at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), where she was the acting program manager of the Lunar Precursor Robotic Program.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJohn D. Gober, M.D., served as a United States Navy flight surgeon.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePaul F. Gorman is a retired United States Army General whose active duty spanned an enlistment in the United States Navy toward the end of World War II, graduation from West Point in 1950, three years of infantry combat in Korea and Vietnam, and two decades of assignments in the upper echelons of the Pentagon.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColonel William R. Grace was commissioned as a 2nd Lieutenant in 1981. Upon completion of the Basic School he reported to Naval Air Station, Pensacola, Florida, for flight training and was designated a Naval Aviator in 1983. He received his initial AH-1J training with Marine Helicopter Training Squadron 303 at Camp Pendleton, California. During his distingished career, Grace has served with numerous Marine Corps Helicopter Squadrons, including Marine Helicopter Squadron One, which supports White House missions worldwide. He led presidential detachments on four continents while serving under presidents George H. W. Bush and Bill Clinton.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLieutenant Chris Gray graduated from the Naval Academy in 2001. He subsequently reported to Nuclear Power School and then went to Prototype in Charleston, South Carolina. He was first assigned to the USS Tennessee (SSBN-734) in Kings Bay, Georgia. Gray spent three years on board the USS Tennessee and was an instructor with VMI's Naval Reserve Officers' Training Corps (ROTC) program.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColonel George F. Hafkemeyer served for 30 years in the United States Army as a an officer in the areas of maintenance, material management, and logistics. In addition to his stateside assignments, he served overseas in Germany, Kuwait, and Sweden.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAt the time of this interview, Evan T. Hanks, VMI Class of 2007, served with the 192nd Maintenance Squadron, Virginia Air National Guard as an aircraft structural mechanic and corrosion control journeyman.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlexis Hart commissioned with the United States Navy in May 1993. From August 1993 to April 1994 she was a student at the Navy Supply Corps School in Athens, Georgia. From May 1994 to June 1997, she served as Division Officer on board the USS Essex (LHD 2), and was first woman assigned to an amphibious ship. From July 1997 to June 1999, Hart served as Instructor at the Navy Supply Corps School.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRear Admiral Maurice B. Hill, Jr. served in the United States Navy Dental Corps on both active duty and in the reserves.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeargeant Major Alvin N. Hockaday, United States Marine Corps (Retired), was born and raised in Richmond, Virginia. After completing high school in 1960, he enlisted in the Marine Corps where he was trained as a Marksmanship Instructor and Rifle Team Member. In 1965, Hockaday served his first tour of duty in Vietnam until he was wounded in 1966. From 1966 to 1968 he served as an instructor at the Marine Corps Officer Candidate School. He returned to Vietnam in 1968 and was wounded again in 1969. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHockaday returned to the United States in 1974 and was assigned as the first enlisted Marine Instructor at the VMI. In 1977 he was assigned to The Marine Corps Ceremonial Units at Marine Barracks in Washington, D.C. Following his retirment from the Marine Corps in 1990, Hockaday became the first Seargeant Major to the Corps of Cadets at VMI, a position he held until 2003.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDonald B. Holt enlisted in the United States Navy in 1971 and after boot camp trained in electronics and nuclear power. He served as a reactor operator on the submarine USS Billfish (SSN 676), and subsequently was an instructor in a nuclear power training unit. Holt received his honorable discharge in 1979 after serving almost nine years.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCaptain Vernon C. Honsinger enlisted in the Navy in 1951 and served for 30 years. Among his many assignments were those of Operations Officer and Chief Engineer on the USS Laffey (DD 724) in the Atlantic Ocean, Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea, and Weapons Officer and Assistant Engineering Officer on the USS Seadragon (SSN 584), Pacific Ocean.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRodney A. Hottle, VMI Class of 1976, served in the United States Air Force from 1977 to 2003. He was a Missile Officer from 1977 to 1996 and subsequently transferred into Services.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDr. Reed Johnson graduated from VMI in 1953 with a degree in physics. After completing post-graduate work at the Oak Ridge School of Reactor Technology (ORSORT), he was employed by Electric Boat and was involved in testing and designing radiation shields for the earliest nuclear submarines, including the Nautilus (SSN 571) and the Seawolf. He subsequently worked in many other nuclear projects during the 1950s, including the United States Army Package Power Reactor.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eKristopher G. Kowalczyk was born in 1982 and enlisted in the United States Army at the age of 17. He trained as an ammunition specialist and subsequently went to flight school, becoming an Apache helicopter pilot. Among his assignments was a 12 month deployment to Kosovo, Serbia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMajor Daryl Laninga joined the United States Marine Corps in 1983. He served as an enlisted infantryman (mortar man) for nine and a years, commissioned via the Marine Enlisted Commissioning Education Program in 1992.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLieutenant Commander (retired) Jerome Leugers commissioned in the United States Navy 1973 and spent his career as a naval aviator, flying the C-1, Saberline, C-9, and A-6. He served on active duty for ten years and subsequently in the reserves, retiring after 20 years.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCommander Mark G. Martin commissioned in the United States Navy in April 1985 and earned his Aviator wings in June 1986.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCommander Robert McMasters served with the United States Navy on the USS Will Rogers (SSBN 659) as division officer from September 1979 to June 1982. From  June 1982 to June 1984 he served as the S1W Prototype leading engineering officer of the watch, Idaho Falls, Idaho.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRobert P. McMullen enlisted in the United States Marines in December 2000 and served for four years. He was assigned to the Legal Services Support Section (LSSS) and the unit was deployed to Kuwait from 2002 to 2003.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColonel Thomas B. Moncure, VMI Class of 1972, commissioned into the United States Air Force in 1972 through the Reserve Officers' Training Corps (ROTC) program at VMI. He graduated from pilot training in May 1973 and he served as a command pilot with over 3150 flying hours in B-52, T-38, FB-111A, F-111F, and B-1 aircraft. His other assignments included that of Deputy Director of Plans and Programs, Headquarters United States Air Forces in Europe, Ramstein Air Base, Germany, and Commander and Professor of Aerospace Studies at Air Force ROTC Det 880, VMI. Moncure retired from the Air Force in 2002.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJames M. Morgan, Jr. (1923-2021) was a member of the VMI Class of 1945. He subsequently received a PhD in civil engineering from Johns Hopkins University. He spend 38 years at VMI as a professor and later head of the Civil Engineering Department. Morgan then served as Dean of the Faculty and retured from VMI in 1984.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJohn L. Neel joined the United States Army in 1976 and was trained as a Parachute Infantryman. His first assignment was with the 505th Parachute Infantry Regiment, 82d Airborne Division, Fort Bragg North Carolina. He served over 15 years with the 505th in a variety of positons. He has served three tours with North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) in Izmir, Turkey as an Operations Sergeant, and  s the Senior Enlisted Advisor and Sergeant Major for Joint Command Southeast. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNeel also served for two years on Her Majesty's service as Platoon Sergeant, 8 Platoon, 1st Battalion, British Parachute Regiment. From July 1997 to July 2000 he served as Sergeant Major of the Army Reserve Officers' Training Corps (ROTC) Department at VMI.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNeel's deployments include:\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e1983: Grenada\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e1992: Joint Task Force 6 along the New Mexico/Mexico border\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e1995: Operation Harvest Bear in Panama to quell the riots in the Cuban refugee camps\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSeptember 2000: Kosovo as the Operations Sergeant, J3, Headquarters Kosovo Force (KFOR)-4\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLaura E. Niebel graduated from George Washington University and commissioned in the United States Navy in 1999. At the time of this interview she was a helicopter pilot (SH-60B Seahawk) and had been deployed twice to the Arabian Gulf.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEugene Ostlund enlisted in the United States Navy in 1940, went through boot camp at Great Lakes, and qualified for a Class A school, attending Aviation Metalsmith School in Pensacola, Florida. He was subsequently sent to Naval Air Station, North Island, where he stayed until 1943, and was then transferred to a carrier aircraft service unit. He later qualified for the Navy V-12 program and enrolled in the College of St. Thomas in St. Paul, Minnesota and the University of Michigan.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1947 he was commissioned an ensign in the regular Navy. He served:\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOn board the USS St. Paul (CA 73)\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOn the staff of the Commander Seventh Fleet operating in Korean waters\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOn board the USS Gearing (DD 710), a destroyer which operated in the Sixth Fleet in the Mediterranean where he was the communication officer and the operations officer\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOnboard the USS Haas (DE 424)\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAs Commanding Officer of the USS Lansing (DER 328)\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\nUpon completion of the tour of duty on the USS Lansing, Ostlund was assigned to the Command and Staff College of the Air Force Air University in Maxwell Field in Montgomery, Alabama. He was then assigned to the Defense Communication Agency in Washington, D.C.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eValerie Overstreet graduated from Virginia Tech in 1991. While at Tech, she was a member of the Corps of Cadets on a United States Navy scholarship. After commissioning and initial flight training, she selected carrier aviation and was assigned to the E-2C. Overstreet has also served as an instructor pilot and studied at the Naval War College. At the time of this interview she was the second female Commanding Officer in the history of United States Navy combat aviation.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eStephen D. Patchin grew up in Wisconsin and joined the United States Navy in 1958 at the age of 18. He served until 1979 in the field of aviation maintenance. After his retirement from the Navy, he continued to work in naval aviation mechanics and planning as a civilian contractor.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCaptain Robert C. Peniston served 10 sea tours on nine ships. He commanded the USS Savage, USS Tattnall, and USS Albany. He was navigator of the Presidential yacht Williamsburg from 1951 to 1952 and served seven shore tours, officer distribution (two tours), Bureau of Naval Personnel (two tours) and was Director of Naval Education Development Staff of Chief of Naval Education and Training (CNET).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCommander Mark D. Pistochini served with the United States Navy from June 26, 1968 through September 1, 1996, and retired as a Commander (OS). He served as a Communications Intelligence Evaluator (COMEVAL) with the United States Naval Security Group, Detachment Atsugi, Japan from March 1978 through August 1981. He accrued over 2,000 hours in the VA-1 EP-3 aircraft.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLieutenant Colonel Russell Rivers graduated from the University of Mississippi in 1982 and commissioned in the United States Air Force. He received his Naval Aviator wings in 1984. Rivers has flown several type/model/series aircraft, ranging from turboprop trainers to rotary wing and jet aircraft, accumulating over 3600 hours of flight time as of this interview date.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLieutenant Colonel Frederick C. Rody entered the United States Marine Corps in 1983 and spent 12 years on active duty and 11 years in the Reserves. He trained as a pilot and flew the F-18.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWilliam B. Rutherford grew up in Cape May, New Jersey and joined the United States Marine Corps in 1953. After three years in the Marines, he transferred to the United States Navy and attended nuclear power school. Rutherford saw duty on several nuclear powered subs, serving as a chief electrician. He retired after 20 years of military service.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRoss Schmoll commissioned into the United States Air Force in 1959 after graduating from Cornell University, rising to the rank of Colonel before retiring in the late 1980s. Assignments included:\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eB-47\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eB-58 crew member\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eF-11 crew member (radar navigator bombardier) stationed at Royal Air Force Upper Hayford (England) and subsequently in Thailand\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDeputy commander for maintenance, Seymour Johnson Air Force Base, North Carolina (four squadrons of F-4Es)\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDirector of maintenance at the United States Air Forces in Europe (USAFE)\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAssistant Director of Logistics at USAFE\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDefense Logistics Agency\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMajor Anthony Shea served in the United States Air Force from 1985 to 1994 as:\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA security forces specialist\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAn officer with the chief computer support section\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWide area network program manager\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eInternet protocol engineer\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eChief military telephone command and control\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAssistant Professor of Aerospace Studies for Air Force Reserve Officers' Training Corps (ROTC), Virginia Military Institute\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLieutenant Jared Smith received a Bachelor of Science in electrical engineering and commissioned into the United States Navy through Officer Candidate School (OCS). After completing Navy Nuclear Power School and other courses, he was assigned as a submarine officer on the USS Maryland (SSBN 738). He was subsequently assigned to Virginia Military Institute's Naval Reserve Officers' Training Corps (ROTC) unit (December 2006 to February 2009).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDennis Stone commissioned into the United States Army in June 1970 and was assigned to Fort Benning, Georgia for the Infantry Basic Officer Course (IOBC), Airborne Ranger. From June 1971 to May 1973 he served with the 1148IMF as 3rd Armored Division Platoon Leader, Executive Officer, and Detachment Commander. From May 1973 to December 1974 he served at the Arctic Test Center at Fort Greely, Alaska, where he tested cold weather equipment and commanded troops involved in testing. Other assignments included the New Jersey Army National Guard, the Virginia National Guard, and the 11th Special Forces Group. Stone retired in June 1973 with the rank of Lieutenant Colonel.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRobert Walston Todd II, United States Navy, has served on the USS George Washington (CVN-73) as a Reactor Operator, Electronics Technician 2nd Class since September 2004. He attended A-School and Power School in Charleston, South Carolina from January 2003 to 2004 and Nuclear Prototype School in Ballston Spa, New York from February 2004 to August 2004.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColonel James O. Tubbs commissioned into the United States Air Force in 1980 and has served as the following:\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e1983-1986: Standardization and Evaluation Pilot at the 23rd Tactical Air Support Squadron, Shaw Air Force Base, South Carolina\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e1987-1989: Flight Commander and Instructor Pilot, 496th Tactical Fighter Squadron, Hahn Air Base, Germany\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e1989-1993: Instructor Pilot and Assistant Operations Officer, 314th Fighter Squadron, Luke Air Force Base, Arizona\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e1995-1997: Operations Officer and Chief of Strategy Division, 32nd Air Operations Squadron\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e1997-1999: Squadron Operations Officer and Special Assistant to the Operations Group Commander, 31st Fighter Wing\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e1999-2001: Air Staff Action Officer and Deputy Chief of Joint Issues Division for Air Force Quadrennial Defense Review\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e2002-2004: Senior Military Advisor to the Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Resources and Plans, acting as advisor for all Air Force program, budget and acquisition issues\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMilitary Assistant to the Under Secretary of Defense for Policy at the Pentagon, Washington D.C.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMajor Colin S. Turnnidge II enlisted in the United States Army in May 1980 and trained as a Special Forces combat medic. He served on active duty for three years with the 7th Special Forces Group, deploying to Central America. He subsequently served 10 months in the Special Forces Reserves (11th Group) before leaving the service. He reenlisted in 1991 and served with the 3rd Group, attending Physicians Assistant School, and receiving a direct commission in 1995. Turnnidge served as a physician assistant until his retirement in 2006.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDarrell G. Van Ness began his service as a United States Army private in 1978, completing his basic training and Advanced Individual Training (AIT) in Armor School at Ft. Knox, Kentucky. He went on to Ft. Bliss, Texas to 3rd Armored Cavalry Regiment (ACR) and was assigned to 3rd ACR F Troop. From 1980 to 1981 Van Ness was stationed in Garlstedt, Germany, in the AD4,  and from 1981 to 1984 he served with the 3rd and 7th Cavalry B Troop.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCommander Clifford L. J. Wade grew up in Ohio and graduated from Miami University (Oxford, Ohio). He commissioned into the United States Navy and became a Naval Flight Officer, spending 21 years of his 27 year career outside of the continental United States (Hawaii, Bermuda, Japan, Spain, and England). His last duty station was at the Naval Reserve Officers' Training Corps (NROTC) unit at Virginia Military Institute.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eR. Kurt Zeppenfeldserved with the United States Marine Corps from 1977 to 1981 and with the United States Naval Reserve.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / 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Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / 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Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Military Oral History Project was orginally an initiative of VMI's John A. Adams '71 Center for Military History and Strategic Analysis. The Center's first Director, Kip Muir (served 2002-2011) initiated the oral history program, in which VMI cadets interviewed veterans as part of their military history coursework. Subsequent cadet-conducted interviews were overseen by the Center's second Director, Bradley L. Coleman.  ","In addition, a 2015 collaborate effort between Coleman and journalist Lisa Tracy resulted in a number of interviews conducted by Tracy with VMI World War II alumni.","Alfred A. Alvarez was born in 1924 and grew up in Chelsea, Massachusetts. He enlisted in July 1942, and following stateside training, joined the 1st Infantry Division in England. He took part in the Normandy invasion, hitting \"Easy Red,\" Omaha Beach on D-Day. He subsequently saw action in the Champagne campaigns and at Hurtgen Forest, the Battle of the Bulge, and in Czechoslovakia. ","Alvarez re-enlisted in the Reserves in 1945, and during his thirty-two years of duty served combat tours in Korea and Vietnam, and was deployed to Central and South America. He was inducted into the United States Army Officer Candidate School (OCS) Hall of Fame in April 2003. ","Ernest A. Andrews was born in 1923 in Tennessee and was drafted into the United States Army in 1943. He served in the 16th Infantry, H Company, First Infantry Division (Big Red One) until the end of the World War II, and was in combat at Normandy, and in the Rhineland, Central Europe, and Ardennes, France.","Joseph L. Argenzio was born in 1927 New York City, New York. He entered the United States Army in 1944 and, following training, was assigned to the First Infantry Division, 3rd Battalion, 16th Infantry, M Company. On D-Day he was part of the first wave at Omaha Beach, France. Argenzio subsequently saw combat in France, Belgium, and Germany, and participated in the liberation of Falkenau concentration camp in Czechoslovakia.","Charles D. Bachman enlisted in the United States Navy in 1943 and became a part of the V12 Unit in Champaign, Illinois. A summary of his military services includes:\n November 1944–1945: Attended Midshipmens School at Columbia University, New York March 1943–1945: Attended Destroyer Schools in Norfolk, Virginia June 1945–August 1945: Attended Tactical Radar School in Hollywood Beach, Florida August 1945–October 1945: Attended Fighter Director School in St. Simons, Georgia November 1945–August 1946: Served as deck officer, Combat Information Center watch officer, and fighter director on board the USS Warrington (DD-843)","John Gilchrist Barrett was born in 1921 in Gastonia, North Carolina. In 1942 he joined the United States Naval Reserves and was commissioned following his graduation from Wake Forest University. Barrett served in the Pacific Theater on the LCI(L)-1052 (Landing Craft Infantry Large). He was discharged in 1946 and enrolled in graduate school, receiving a PhD in history from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Barrett was a Professor of History at VMI from 1953 until his retirement in 1987. He died in 2013 in Lexington, Virginia.","Hobert Bodkin joined the United States Marine Corps in September 1942 and was assigned to the 1st Marine Division in March 1944. He went into combat during the invasion of Peleliu Island, Palau, and in April 1945 took part in the invasion of Okinawa, Japan.","Charles Brooks, a native of North Carolina, was drafted in May 1943. Following stateside service with an Anti-Aircraft Artillery (AAA) unit, he was shipped to Europe where he was assigned to Company A, 16th Infantry Regiment, 1st Division. He served as a first scout until the end of World War II.","Fred Brown was drafted in 1942 at the age of 19. After receiving training at Fort Jackson, South Carolina, he shipped out to the European theater. Brown took part in the Normandy invasion, the Battle of the Bulge, and the Battle of Hurtgen Forest.","Guy B. Burnette was born in 1921 in North Carolina and was drafted in 1942. After training, his unit was stationed in Hawaii for island defense, and after the atomic bombs were dropped on Japan, he was sent there for occupation duty.  Following World War II,  Burnett returned to North Carolina where he raised a family and was a farmer and construction worker.","Stanley Caulkins served as a B-17 radio operator in the United States Army Air Force from 1943 to 1946.","Robert L. Cheatham, Jr. graduated from Clemson University, South Carolina, and was commisioned as a second lieutenant through the Reserve Officers' Training Corps (ROTC) program in August 1942. Following training he was shipped overseas and arrived in North Africa on December 26, 1942. On February 13, 1943 he was assigned to C Company, 26th Infantry, First Division. Cheatham was captured by the Germans at Kasserine Pass, Tunisia on February 20, 1943 and was a prisoner of war until he was liberated on April 29, 1945.","Allen E. Clark enlisted in the United States Marine Corps in 1942 and served during World War II in the Pacific Theater on Bougainville, Guam, and Iwo Jima. He was a member of B Company, 1st Battalion, 21st Marine Regiment, 3rd Marine Division.","Glen Cleckler served with the United States Marine Corps during World War II from February 1943 to December 1945. His service included participation in the Battle of Iwo Jima.","William H. Collier served in World War II in the 106th Cavalry Regiment (mechanized). He participated in several campaigns in Europe, including Normandy, northern France, Rhineland, Ardennes-Alsace, and Central Europe. He also served in the Army of Occupation in Austria. His later career included postings in Korea, Germany, Hawaii, Vietnam, and the Pentagon. He retired in 1971, having obtained the rank of Lieutenant Colonel.","Cyril G. Cousart enlisted in the United States Army in 1942 and became a flight crew member on the B-29 bomber. His unit was stationed at Saipan in the Marianas and he flew on 35 missions over mainland Japan.","Chalmer E. Cowan was born in 1919 in Pennsylvania and was drafted in the United States Army in October 1941. After basic training, he was assigned to Battery A, 27th Field Artillery Battalion. He fought throughout North Africa and Italy during World War II. Cowan was discharged in July 1945.","George E. Cvengros (1923-1985) served in the 134th Infantry Regiment, Company \"F.\" His unit landed on Omaha Beach on July 5, 1944 and fought throughout France and Germany. He participated in the Battle of the Bulge, Germany, and was in Hannover, Germany when World War II ended.","Joseph O. Dazzo joined the United States Army in 1940 and was assigned to the 1st Infantry Division as a combat medic. He served in North Africa and Sicily, and took part in the Normandy invasion. His unit subsequently fought through France, Belgium, Germany, and Czechoslovakia. Dazzo was discharged in September 1945.","Nathan DeSantis joined the Merchant Marines in December 1941 and is a graduate of the Merchant Marine Academy, Class of 1944. He served throughout World War II on various vessels that carryied cargo in support of combat operations. DeSantis spent his entire career in the Merchant Marines and retired in 1988.","Robert Fred Dexter was born in Massachusetts in 1925. He joined the United States Army in January 1944 and served in World War II, Korea, Central and South America, and in Vietnam. Following the end of his Army service in 1971, he began a career with the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms.","Mark R. Dixon grew up on a farm in York County, South Carolina, and was drafted in the United States Army in July 1945. He served one year with the First Infantry Division during the post-World War II occupation of Germany.","Walter M. Duncan, Sr. entered the United States Army Air Forces in November 1943 and received flight training on several aircraft before being assigned to the B-24.","Howard Dunfee was drafted in 1943 into the United States Army and was assigned to the 1st Infantry Division. He landed in Normandy on three days after D-Day and served as a front line infantryman, machine gun bearer, and gunner until he was seriously wounded near Aachen, Germany. After receiving treatment in several hospitals, Dunfee returned to the United States and was discharged in April 1945.","Allen D. Evans was born and raised in Indiana and is a decorated veteran of World War II. He enlisted in the United States Army in December 1942 and served in Europe with the 76th Field Artillery Battalion. He was a Staff Sergeant in charge of the Fire Direction Center and saw action throughout the European Theater of Operations (ETO), including the battles at Remagen, Germany and Ardennes Forest, France.","Robert R. Fair was born in Kansas in 1925. After spending a semester at Louisiana State University in the Army Specialized Training Program (ASTP), he entered the regular United States Army in mid-December 1943. He was assigned to the 100th Infantry Division, arriving in Europe (Marseille, France) in October 1944. Fair fought on the front lines as the Division moved through France and Germany until he was wounded in April 1945.","William C. Farmer was born in 1926 and joined the United States Navy after graduating from high school in 1944. He was stationed aboard an LSM (Landing Ship Medium) serving in the Pacific theater. His vessel operated in the Mariana Islands and supported the invasion of Okinawa, Japan in the Spring of 1945.","Edward Feightner was designated as a Naval Aviator in 1942, commissioned as an Ensign from that date, and subsequently progressed in rank to that of Rear Admiral 1971. During his distinguished career, he served in World War II as an Engineering Officer for various squadrons that operated in the Pacific theater. He was a test pilot and a member of the \"Blue Angels,\" and has over twenty years of experience in command of squadrons, airwings, ships, training units, and major staffs.","William Funkhouser, a decorated veteran of World War II, grew up in the Shenandoah Valley near Strasburg, Virginia. He joined the United States Army in February 1943 and served with F Company, 16th Regiment, First Infantry Division (Big Red One). He landed in Normandy on D-Day, June 6, 1944, and subsequently fought in the Battle of the Bulge.","Donald E. Furman grew up in Pennsylvania and was drafted in 1941. He served as a light tank driver in the European theater where his unit was assigned to reconnaissance duty.","Roy George was born in 1927 in New Jersey and enlisted in the United States Navy in August 1944. During his time in service, he completed Aviation A and B Schools and was assigned to service seaplanes and other aircraft. George received an honorable discharge in August 1948, leaving the Navy as an Aviation Metalsmith, 2nd Class Petty Officer.","Frank J. Haggerty enlisted in the United States Army Air Corps on December 8, 1941, one day after the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. Following stateside training as an aircraft mechanic, he shipped overseas and was stationed at Polebrook Army Air Force Station (Northamptonshire, United Kingdom) home of the Eighth Air Force. Haggerty's unit (320th Service Squadron attached to the 351st Bomb Group) serviced the B-17 Flying Fortress. At the end of World War II Haggerty remained in the Air Force for a total of 20 years, retiring in 1962.","R. \"Hap\" Halloran served in the United States Army Air Force during World War II. He was a B-29 navigator with the 73rd Wing, 499th Bomb Group, 878th Squadron, flying missions over Japan from a base in Saipan, northern Marianas. Halloran was shot down over Japan on January 27, 1945 and became a prisoner of war.","John Selden Halsey, VMI Class of 1943, entered the United States Army in May 1943. A decorated combat veteran, he served in Europe with the 116th Mechanized Reconnaissance Squadron and was wounded in action in Germany in February 1945.","R. Marlowe Harper was attending the University of Alabama when he was drafted in 1942. He was trained in radar and was ground crew member for the B-29 bomber, maintaining the gun laying set. Harper spend the last 8 months of World War II on Guam, where he supported missions bombing oil refineries in Japan. He was attached to the 20th Air Force, 15th Bomb Wing, 21st Squadron.","Jerome \"Bud\" Holzman served in Europe with the United States Army 94th Infantry Division from March 1945 to August 1945. As World War II came to an end, his unit was assigned to patrol, guard, and similar occupation duties in Germany and Czechoslovakia. He spent the final three months of his overseas duty at George S. Patton's 3rd Army Headquarters.","William Howard enlisted in the United States Navy in 1939 and attended boot camp at the Great Lakes Naval Station, Illinois. He served in the Asiatic Fleet from 1939-1943. After leaving the Navy, he worked in a munitions factory.","John Poindexter Irby III, VMI Class of 1944, was inducted into the United States Army in 1943, graduated from Officer Candidate School in 1944 and was first assigned to the 30th Cavalry Reconnaissance Squadron in Fort Riley, Kansas.","Carl F. Jenkins grew up on a dairy farm near Gastonia, North Carolina. He was drafted in August 1944 at the age of 18. After completing basic training, he was sent overseas as a replacement in the Big Red One during the Battle of the Bulge. Jenkins was wounded by scrapnel on February 28, 1945 and was awarded the Bronze Star and Purple Heart.","John R. Kershaw, a World War II veteran, served as a B-17 bomber pilot in Europe. Following training he was assigned to the 92nd Bomb Group, 327th Squadron, at Podington, England. Kershaw flew numerous combat missions, bombing targets over Germany.","Frank E. King was born in 1922 in Wythe County, Virginia. He volunteered for the United States Army in September 1942 and served with Headquarters Company, 2nd Battalion, 16th Infantry Regiment, 1st Infantry Division throughout World War II. King was in North Africa, Sicily, and landed at Omaha Beach on D-Day. He subsequently saw action in other major battles, including Huertgen Forest, Germany, and the Battle of the Bulge. King served overseas for more than 30 months and was awarded several decorations, including the Bronze Star.","Vice Admiral Jerome H. King, Jr. received his commission in the United States Navy in 1941, following his graduation from Yale University. His distinguished career began with service in the Pacific Theater during World War II and continued for over three decades until his retirement from active duty in 1974.","Edmund B. Kinter joined the United States Merchant Marines in 1943 and served on Liberty ships carrying ammunition and supplies across the Atlantic.","Leonard G. Lawton was born in 1919 in Orlando, Florida and entered the United States Marine Corps following his graduation from Stetson University in 1941. After completing boot camp and officer training, he served with the 1st Marine Division in the Pacific Theater where he saw extensive action and witnessed firsthand the conditions of jungle fighting. Lawton was awarded:\n The Silver Star for action on Guadalcanal The Purple Heart for a wound received in November 1942 Two Presidential Unit citations one personal letter of citation from Admiral William Halsey","Walter Luikart joined the United States Merchant Marines in 1943. He served on nine ships, including Liberty ships that carried cargo and on troop ships in the English Channel that delivered soldiers and vehicles to the beachhead. Luikart's assignments took him to the North Atlantic, Indian Ocean, and Mediterranean Sea. He left the service in 1947.","Demetrius \"Pete\" Lypka was born in 1918 in New Jersey and enlisted in the United States Army in 1941. He was assigned to the 1st Infantry Division, 16th Infantry, Company G and served until the end of World War II, seeing action in North Africa, Italy, France, and Germany. Lypka was discharged in July 1945 and returned home to start a career as a carpenter.","Alexander Marsh enlisted in the United States Army in June 1942. He served as a 57mm anti-tank gun platoon commander with the 106th Infantry and was deployed to Europe. He was captured in the Ardennes, France on December 16, 1944 and spent three months in Stalag IX, Germany.","Charles H. McKinney was born in 1920 in Selma, Alabama and joined the United States Army during the early days of World War II. After completing Officer Candidate School (OCS) in 1942, he joined the 509th Parachute Battalion in North Africa. He subsequently saw combat in Italy, France, and Belgium. McKinney also fought with the 505th Regiment, 82nd Airborne Division during the Korean War. He retired from active duty in 1962.","Alexander Michnewich was born in 1923 in Brooklyn, New York. From 1943 to 1946 he served in the United States Army Corps of Engineers, 1905th Aviation Battalion, and was stationed in the China-Burma-India theater.","Robert Moberg joined the United States Marine Corps in April 1943. After initial assignments, his unit was sent to Camp Tarawa, Hawaii, to join the 5th Marine Division and train for the invasion of Japan. He was en route to Japan when World War II ended, and went into Japan as part of the occupation forces.","Malcolm Muir, Sr. served with the United States Naval Reserve from 1942 to 1945 as an Armed Guard officer on board the SS Booker T. Washington (troop ship, Liberty ship), the Sinclair H-C (merchant tanker), and the SS Carleton Ellis (merchant tanker, Liberty ship).","Wilma Murray joined the United States Army Nurse Corps in 1941. After stateside training, she shipped overseas to England. She subsequently was deployed to Normandy and landed on Omaha Beach 10 days after D-Day. Murray served in evacuation hospitals attached to the 1st Army, treating the wounded as the troops fought through France and Belgium. At the end of the War, she was in Germany where she cared for tuberculosis patients in the liberated Buchenwald concentration camp.","James B. Naughton served for three years in the United States Marine Corps. Much of that time was spent in the hospital due to serious injuries received as a result of combat action during the Battle of Iwo Jima in 1945. Naughton is a successful accountant and worked at Naughton, Cesario and Company, which he began following his military service.","Guy C. Nicely, Jr. grew up in Lexington, Virginia and is a decorated veteran of World War II. He was drafted in the United States Army in February 1943 and soon joined the First Division, the Big Red One. After serving briefly in Sicily, Italy, his unit was sent to England to train for the D-Day invasion on June 6, 1944. He landed on Omaha Beach and later fought in the Battle of the Bulge. He received both the Bronze Star and the Purple Heart.","Edwin A. \"Ned\" Noble grew was born in 1922 in Bethel, Vermont and attended Tufts University after graduating from high school. He was drafted in the United States Army in 1944 and was assigned to the 1st Infantry Division, serving in the Ardennes, Rhineland, and Central Europe. He subsequently served as Acting Battalion Sergeant major during occupation duty in Nuremberg, Germany. Noble died on January 3, 2013 in Washington, D.C.","Cononel Anthony J. Perna (Retired) had a distinguished thirty year career in the United States Air Force and was among the youngest officers to reach the rank of Colonel. During World War II he served as a flight instructor for B-17s and B-24s. He was subsequently involved in both the Berlin Airlift (Germany) and in the creation of the United States flight simulation program. Perna also had assignments as the Defense Attaché to Israel during the Six Day War, in the Strategic Air Command (SAC) during the Cold War, and he served on the staff of the Joint Chiefs at the Pentagon.","George Porter enlisted in the United States Army at the beginning of the World War II and served at the famed Tuskegee Army Air Field, Alabama as a mechanic ground crew chief. He worked primarily on the P-40 and was responsible for training the mechanics who supported the Tuskegee Fighter Squadrons.","Carl D. Proffitt enlisted in the National Guard of Virginia in 1939 and reported for active duty on February 3, 1941, at Fort George G. Meade, Maryland. He shipped overseas to England in September of 1942. He served with K Company, 116th Infantry, 29th Division, for the D-Day Invasion. Among his numerous decorations are the Distinguished Service Cross, the Silver Star, two Bronze Stars, three Purple Hearts, the Good Conduct Medal, the Pre Pearl Harbor Medal, the Combat Infantry Badge, the French Freedom Medal, and the State of Virginia Distinguished Service Award.","Julian M. Quarles, Jr. served as an United States Army infantry officer (36th Division) during World War II, taking part in the landing at Salerno, Italy. He and another officer were captured, escaped from the prison train carrying them to Germany, and then made their way back to their outfit after 33 days behind German lines.","During World War II, Richard Rathmell served as a 3rd Assistant Engineer on a merchant marine vessel. His ships made ammunition runs in support of the war effort, including a North Atlantic crossing to supply the Battle of the Bulge.","Emmett F. Reagan was born in 1924 in Norfolk, Virginia and joined the United States Navy in 1942. After completing flight school, he served as a pilot in the Pacific Theater flying search and destroy missions.","John M. Remaly served in the United States Army Air Force from 1943 to 1945. He was an engineer on a B-24 Liberator bomber, flying in India, Burma, and China with the 10th Army Air Force. He was seriously burned when his plan made a crash landing on July 29, 1944.","William Repke enlisted in the United States Army in 1938 with the 102nd Cavalry. He went overseas to England in September 1942, then to Algiers, Africa in January of 1943. His unit was transferred to Italy and went into combat in Rome. He made the invasion of South France with the 117th Cavalry Squadron. Repke received a Battlefield Commission in October 1944, transferred to the 36th Infanty Division and then served six months in combat with Company B, 142nd Infantry. He was discharged in September 1945, having received the European Theater of Operations (ETO) Service Ribbon with five battle stars and one arrowhead, the Presidential Unit Citation, Combat Infantry Badge, Silver Star, and Bronze Star.","Charles A. Riley joined the United States Navy in 1943 at the age of 16. During World War II he served with the Navy's Scouts and Raiders, participating with the United States Marines in several campaigns, including the landing at Iwo Jima, Japan. Following the War he enrolled in college and subsequently joined the United States Army (Airborne) and then transferred to the Air Force, serving as an aviator. He flew missions in both Korea and Vietnam. Riley retired from active duty in 1970.","Kenneth D. Rupe was drafted into the United States Army in May 1942 and was assigned to hospital administration in the 300th General Hospital. The unit shipped overseas in the fall of 1943 and Rupe spent the bulk of the war in Naples, Italy in the 300th Headquarters.","Edward A. Ryan served with the United States Army, 29th Infantry, from 1943 to 1946.","Robert Sams enlisted in the United States Coast Guard in 1943. He spent 17 months at sea aboard the USS Cambria (APA 36) and participated in landing troops in the Marshall and Mariana Islands, the Philippines, Saipan, and Okinawa (Japan). Sams was also part of the first United States forces to land at Nagasaki, Japan six weeks after an atomic bomb destroyed the city.","Luther J. Schilling served with the United States Army, G-3 106th Infantry Division, Army of Occupation in Germany from 1944 to 1946.","Arthur Schintzel is a decorated veteran of World War II and the recipient of two Purple Hearts. He was drafted in 1942 and served in Europe with the United States Army 16th Infantry, First Infantry Division. He took part in the Normandy, France invasion on D-Day and was seriously wounded in action.","Charles B. Shaeff served in the United States Navy Reserves from June 24, 1943 to March 24, 1946.","First Lieutenant Gale Shreffler joined the United States Army Air Force in 1941. He was a B-29 Navigator based on Tinian Island, Marianas Islands where he served with the 313th Bomb Wing, 504th Bomb Group. Shreffler took part in bombing raids over Japan and crash landed on Iwo Jima in July 1945.","Alfred St. Clair was born in Bedford County, Virginia in 1918. He was drafted into the United States Army in July 1941 and served until the end of World War II. He was with the Fifth Army in England, North Africa, and Italy, including the Battle of Anzio (Italy). He is the recipient of the Purple Heart.","Philip O. Stewart enlisted in the United States Army in 1941. His first assignments were stateside with an anti-aircraft artillery battalion. In 1944 he shipped overseas and joined the First Division at the Roer River (Germany) crossing. Stewart fought with the unit in Germany until he was seriously wounded near the end of World War II.","Jack Talbot grew up in New Jersey and was working as a riveter when he was drafted into the United States Army in 1942. He shipped overseas in March 1943 and was assigned as a radioman at Headquarters Company, 1st Battalion, 26th Infantry. Talbot's unit served in North Africa, Sicily, France, and Germany until the end of World War II.","Samuel Tarkenton grew up in Norfolk, Virginia, and was drafted into the United States Army in March 1944. He shipped overseas as an infantry replacement in Company D, 26th Infantry, 1st Infantry Division. He fought in the Battle of the Bulge, in Czechloslovakia, and during the early part of the occupation was assigned to the war crimes trials in Nuremberg, Germany. Tarkenton was discharged in March 1946 and returned home to a career at the Norfolk Shipyard.","George J. Tompkins, Jr. enlisted in the United States Army in September 1942. He went overseas in 1943 and was assigned as a radio operator with the 1st Signal Company, 1st Infantry Division. Following time in North Africa, Sicily, and England, Tompkins participated in the Normandy (France) landing on D-Day and subsequently went into Belgium and Germany where he was in the Battle of Hurtgen Forest. He was discharged in October 1945.","Captain Meeks B. Vaughan commissioned into the United States Army Air Force as a 2nd Lieutenant in June 1942 while at the University of Tennessee. From March 1944 to October 1945 he was stationed at Guadalcanal (Solomon Islands), Bougainville (Solomon Islands), Leyte (Philippines), Morotai (Indonesia), and Palawan (Philippines), serving as an Intelligence Officer (S-2) and Captain.","A decorated veteran of World War II, William H. Wills was born in 1919 in New York City. He joined the United States Army in October 1940 and was assigned to the First Infantry Division, First Engineer Combat Battalion, B Company. Wills served for the entire war, fighting in North Africa, Tunisia, Sicily (Italy), and taking part in the D-Day landing on Omaha Beach (France). He subsequently fought in the Battle of the Bulge and ended the War in Czechoslovakia. After the War he served for 27 years as an officer with the New York City Police Department.","Colonel Tyson Wilson served with the United States Marine Corps (active duty and Reserves) from 1941 to 1977. For his service he received the Bronze Star with Combat V, the Purple Heart, and two Presidential Unit Citations (Guadalcanal and Tarawa).","William D. Badgett graduated from VMI in 1953 and served in the United States Air Force as a 1st Lieutenant from November 1953 to July 1955. From July 1954 to 1955 he was stationed in Korea. He served with the 608th Aircraft Control and Warning Squadron, first with Detachment #1 (Target Director Post) and then with Detachment #2 on the island of Pyongyang-do (radar surveillance). Badgett joined the VMI faculty in the fall of 1955 and spent his entire teaching career at VMI.","In 1957 Ovid Belt enlisted in the United States Army and served two years active duty and two years in the reserves. He deployed overseas to Korea with the 34th Infantry Division and later saw stateside duty with the 14th Infantry Division.","Colonel Wesley L. Fox enlisted in the United States Marines on August 4, 1950, and served two tours with the 1st Marine Division in Korea. He commissioned as a 2nd Lieutenant in 1966, and was first assigned to the 2nd Force Reconnaissance. He subsequently had numerous other assignments during his long and distinguished career. Fox's many decorations include the Medal of Honor and the Purple Heart.","Vernon A. Good served with the United States Marines from September of 1950 through November of 1951. He in the Inchon–Seoul Campaign, Wonsan Hungnam Chosin Campaign, North Korea. Good has received the following awards:\n Korean Service Medal with the Silver Star National Defense Medal Presidential Unit Citation (three times) United Nations Service Medal Korea Presidential Unit Citation–Foreign (two times)","Technical Sergeant Raymond A. Johnson served with the United States Marine Corps from 1948 to 1952.","Joseph W. Kovac enlisted in the United States Navy in 1950 and served during the Korean War aboard the destroyer USS Allen M. Sumner (DD 692). The ship was active in Pusan, Korea, where the mission was to prevent the progress of enemy supply trains. Kovac left the Navy in 1954 and returned to civilian life.","Leonard L. Lewane commissioned in the United States Army following his graduation from VMI in 1950 and rose to the rank of Colonel before retiring in 1974. During the Korean War (1950-1953) he served with the 72nd Tank Battalion, 2nd Infantry Division and the 64th Tank Battalion, 3rd Infantry Divison. During the Vietnam War (1965-1966) he served with the 1st Squadron, 4th Cavalry \"Quarter Horse\", 1st Division \"Big Red One.\" Lewane's Cold War assignments in Germany included Commander, 1st Brigade, 1st Armored Division (1972-1973) and Chief of Staff, United States Army Berlin (1973-1974).","Charles W. McKellar served with the United States Army Transport Service (1944-1945), the United States Marine Corps (1945–1949 and 1951–1966), and with the United States Marine Corps Reserve (1949–1951).","Bill Rivers Penn, MD, served in the United States Navy from 1950 to 1955. This included a tour of duty with the United States Marines from November 1952 to May 1953 as a Fleet Marine Force (FMF) corpsman.","John T. Pepper served with the Air National Guard as a mechanic prior to the Korean War. During the War he served as an infantryman.","From 1972 to 1973, Terry G. Allison served in the United States Navy as an Petty Officer Second Class, Aviation Storekeeper in San Diego  (California), Millington (Tennessee), Yorktown (Virginia), and Vietnam.","Brigadier General Norman Michael Bissell graduated from VMI in 1961 and commissioned in the United States Army, retiring in 1987. He served two tours as a combat helicopter pilot in Vietnam. His other assignments included:\n Commander of the 17th Aviation Group Commander of the Joint Republic of Korea Army and the United States Army Combined Aviation Force Director of the United States Army Flight Training and Deputy Chief and Acting Chief of Staff of the 101st Airborne Division (Air Assault) Two years in the Joint Chiefs of Staff at the Pentagon as Executive Officer to the Director of Operations (J3).","Lawrence E. Boese joined the United States Air Force following his graduation from VMI in 1966 and rose to the rank of Lieutenant General before retiring in 1996.","After commissioning in 1967, Michael L. Bozeman spent three years in the United States Army, including a year in Vietnam, where he served with distinction as a platoon leader and commanded a Long Range Reconnaissance Patrol Unit. His awards and decorations include the Silver Star, Bronze Star, Legion of Merit, Air Medal, Meritorious Service Medal, the Combat Infantryman's Badge, and the Ranger Tab. He is also a retired Brigadier General in the United States Army Reserve.","George M. Brooke, III, was a commissioned officer in the United States Marine Corps from 1967 to 1994, retiring at rank of Colonel. A summary of his military service includes:\n 1968-1969: First Marine Division, Vietnam, as an artillery forward observer and battery fire direction officer 1969-1972: United States Field Artillery School, Fort Sill, Oklahoma, as an Instructor, Gunnery Department 1973-1974: Third Marine Division, Okinawa, Japan, as a Rifle Company Commander 1974-1975: Marine Detachment, USS Canopus (AS-34), Holy Loch, Scotland, as a Commanding Officer 1976-1979: Second Marine Division, Camp Lejeune, North Carolina, as a Battalion Operations Officer, Logistics Officer, and Artillery Battery Commanding Officer 1983-1984: Headquarters, United States Marine Corps, Washington, D.C., as a Maritime Prepositioning Ships (MPS) Program Project Officer 1985-1986: III Marine Amphibious Force, Okinawa, Japan, as a Force Plans Officer 1986-1991: 1st Marine Corps District, Garden City, New York, as a Commanding Officer, Executive Officer, and Operations Officer 1991-1994: Joint Staff, Pentagon, in Washington, D.C., as a Division Chief, J-7 Directorate.","Bayes L. Bryant was born in Washington, D.C. in 1948 and enlisted in the United States Army in March 1968. He served until January 1972, completing two combat tours in Vietnam.","Captain Lloyd C. Burger graduated from the United States Coast Guard Academy in New London, Connecticut, and served with the Coast Guard from 1960 to 1988.","Colonel Leland H. Burgess commissioned at the University of Alabama as a 2nd lieutenant of artillery in May of 1965. He entered active duty in February of 1966 and underwent Artillery Basic Training at Fort Sill, Oklahoma. Burgess was a helicopter pilot in the Vietnam War from July 1967 to February 1968.","Richard F. Cayo served with the United States Navy from 1952 to 1973, serving on the USS Rushmore (LSD-47), USS Rankin (AKA-103), USS Cambria (APA-36), USS Okinawa (LPH-3), and USS DuPont (DD-941).","An infantry officer, Colonel William H. Dabney served 37 years in the Marine Corps, including two tours in Vietnam. He earned numerous citations, including the Silver Star, two Bronze Stars and two Vietnamese Crosses of Gallantry, and the Navy Cross. While in Vietnam, he commanded India Company, 3rd Battalion, 26th Marines, on Hill 881S during the Battle of Khe Sanh, for which he was awarded the Navy Cross in 2005.","Charles L. Dailey grew up in Pennsylvania, attending college there and in Indiana. He joined the United States Army in 1957, went through flight school, and was rated to fly both rotary and fixed wing aircraft. Dailey served two tours of duty in Vietnam, piloting the U-1A \"Otter\" and the twin-engine U-8D.","Terry J. Davis commissioned in the United States Army as a 2nd Lieutenant in April 1968 and entered active duty at Fort Bliss, Texas in September. He was assigned to the 1st Air Cavalry Division, serving in the Vietnam War from September 1969 to June 1970. Davis was a forward observer attached to an infantry company responsible for patrolling the jungles in the region known as the \"corridors\" to Saigon. He also participated in the invasion of Cambodia.","Lieutenant Colonel Lee S. Dewald served on active duty with the United States Army from 1969 to 1992. His military service included time as a Brigade Assistant (Operations), 3rd Brigade, 1st Cavalry Division, Vietnam, during which he planned combat intelligence operations for two air cavalry troops, a ranger company, and was involved in many other intelligence-related assignments. Dewald also was a Professor of Applied Mathematics at VMI, retiring in 2017.","Blaise S. DiMartino served in the United States Navy from September 1966 to August 1970 as a machinery repairman, 3rd class. He spent one year in Vietnam aboard a river boat repair ship and 24 months aboard the USS Monticello (LSD-35), in the Pacific Region.","Floyd H. Duncan graduated from VMI in 1964 and was on active duty in the United States Army from 1965 to 1967. He subsequently served in the Army Reserves. From 1978 to 2013 he was a member of the VMI faculty.","Captain Ronald A. Erchul spent twenty years in the United States Navy following his graduation from the Naval Academy in 1961. An ocean engineer, he received a Master's degree from the Naval Post-Graduate School and a PhD from the University of Rhode Island.","Alan F. Farrell was born in 1945 in Hanover, New Hampshire  and joined the United States Army (Special Forces) in 1966, serving in Vietnam from 1968 to 1970. Following his Army service, Farrell received a Bachelor's, Master's, and PhD from Tufts University and began a career in higher education.","Admiral William J. Flanagan commissioned in the United States Navy in 1967 and was selected for flag rank in his 20th year of service. He was subsequently among the youngest officers to achieve four star rank. During his 29-year career, he served in all theaters of operations,  including the Vietnam War, Persian Gulf War, and Iraq War. Flanagan served as:\n Commander, United States Second Fleet Commander of North Atlantic Treaty Organization's (NATO) Striking Fleet Commander in Chief, United States Atlantic Fleet NATO's Commander-in-Chief, Western Atlantic \nAmong his many military decorations are the Navy and Defense Distinguished Service Medals. Flanagan retired from the Navy in 1996.","Robert L. Gardner served in the Vietnam War as a United States Army avionics technician in the 56th Battalion, 330th Company and attached to the 611th Company. He worked primarily on helicopters.","William Grady went through United States Army basic training at Fort Jackson, South Carolina and then on to Fort Riley, Kansas, where he was with the 1st Division, 26th Infantry, C Company. He served in Vietnam and left the armed services as a Specialist 4.","Thomas Turner went through United States Army basic training at Fort Jackson, South Carolina, and then went to Fort Sam Houston, Texas for medical training. In Vietnam he served as a line medic for approximately eleven months in the field, one month in the rear. Upon his return from Vietnam, he worked in Fort Belvoir, Virginia, in the flight surgeon's office.","Arbury Daryl Hooker was drafted in June of 1969 into the United States Army Special Forces and served with Project Phoenix during the Vietnam War. During his military career he was stationed in Korea (1973-1974), Fort Bragg, California (1974-1976), Fort Greely, Alaska (1979), and Fort Eustis, Virginia (1979-1983). He also served with Task Force 160th Delta Force from 1983 to 1987 and in 1987, the Virginia Army National Guard.","Colonel Robert M. Hudson served as a pilot with the United States Air Force and was a prisoner of war for 93 days in Vietnam. During his career he flew the T-39, B-52F, B-52D, B-52H, FB-111, F-100 and F-16. He served as:\n Chief, battlestaff, Looking Glass Base Commander, Brooks Air Force Base, Texas Base Commander at a classified location Inspector General, Ramstein Air Base, Germany Director of Strategic Air Command, Strategic Communication Division","Brigadier General William C. Jones was appointed to the United States Air Force Academy in 1960 and received his commission as a Second Lieutenant in 1964. Upon completion of F-105 training in 1967, he was assigned to the 333rd Tactical Fighter Squadron, Takhli, Thailand, where he flew 189 combat missions, 123 over North Vietnam. Jones is a command pilot with over 6,000 flying hours in the T-33, T-37, T-38, F-102, F-105, F-106, A-7, C-26, and F-16 aircraft, including over 562 combat hours. He served as Assistant Adjutant General for Air, Headquarters, Virginia Air National Guard, based at Richmond International Airport, in Sandston. He retired in May 2001.","General John P. Jumper, VMI Class of 1966, retired in 2005 after a distinguished 39 year career. He served as the 17th Chief of Staff of the United States Air Force from 2001 to 2005.","Ronald W. Kosh enlisted in the United States Air Force in October 1962 and trained in air traffic control and combat control. His overseas deployments included assignments in the Philippines, Vietnam, Thailand, and Laos. Missions during the Vietnam War included deployment with Special Forces units and providing forward air control for interdiction of North Vietnamese Army materiel.","Captain Jerold L. Krumwiede graduated from the United States Naval Academy in 1954 and served until 1980. Following graduation he was assigned duty as Gunnery Officer on USS Frank Knox (DDR 742). In 1957, he attended United States Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, earning an Master of Science in physics. His West Coast career focused on nuclear weapons at the Nuclear Weapons Training Command, and engineering assignments on USS Yorktown (CV 10) and Commander Destroyer Squadron 17 Staff. He became the Executive Officer of USS Morton (DD 748) serving tours in Vietnam theater.","On the East Coast, Krumwiede attended the Naval War College, concurrently earning an Master of Science in international affairs. This duty was followed by two years on the academic staff of the United States Naval Academy. This was followed by two years as Commanding Officer, USS Mullinix (DD 944). He served as Surface Operations Officer on COMCARGROUP FOUR Staff, followed by two years as Fleet Readiness Officer, CINCUSNAVEUR Staff, London, England. Following this duty he served four years on the Deputy \nChief of Naval Operations for Surface Warfare Staff, in command and control and electronic warfare programs.","Major General James E. Livingston retired in 1995 after more than 33 continuous years of active duty in the United States Marine Corps. His last assignment was as Commander of the Marine Forces Reserve in New Orleans, Louisiana. He commissioned as a Second Lieutenant in 1962 and promoted to Captain in 1966, serving as the Commanding Officer of the Marine detachment aboard the aircraft carrier USS Wasp (CV 18), before joining the 3rd Marine Division (Reinforced) in the Republic of Vietnam in August 1967.","On May 2, 1968, while serving as the Commanding Officer, Company E, 2nd Battalion, 4th Marines, Livingston distinguished himself above and beyond the call of duty in action against enemy forces and earned the Congressional Medal of Honor. After his second tour in Vietnam, he served as an instructor at the Army's Infantry School, Director of Division Schools for the 1st Marine Division and, later, as the S-3 for 3rd Battalion, 7th Marines. In March 1975, he returned to Vietnam and served as the Operations Officer for the Vietnam evacuation operations which included Operation \"Frequent Wind,\" the evacuation of Saigon. ","Lieutenant Colonel Paul B. Maini (VMI Class of 1966) served 20 years with the United States Army Infantry, Aviation. He servied in Vietnam from 1969 to 1970 and Korea from 1977 to 1979.","Richard C. Marshall, Jr. (VMI Class of 1965) entered the United States Air Force in December 1966 and trained as an F-4 Phantom pilot. He served three tours of duty in Vietnam where he was a forward air controller and also participated in rescue operations for downed pilots.","Colonel John G. Miller served in the United States Marines Corps from 1957 to 1985. During his career he spent two tours in Vietnam, the first as a rifle company commander and battalion assistant operation officer (1965-1966), and the second time as a Co-van advisor to the Vietnamese Marines (1970-1971).","Lieutenant Colonel Richard S. Miller (Retired) graduated from VMI in 1960 and commissioned in the United States Army as a 2nd Lieutenant, Infantry. His active duty assignments include:\n 7th Infantry Division, Korea 5th Special Forces Group, Vietnam Analyst in the Offices of the Secretary of Defense and Secretary of the Army Assistant Professor (mathematics) at West Point, New York Instructor at the United States Navy Postgraduate School, California \nMiller retired from active duty in 1980.","William Moriarty commissioned in the United States Marine Corps in 1959. In May 1964 he participated in an On the Job Training (OJT) program and was assigned to the 32nd Vietnamese Ranger Battalion as an advisor. In 1967 he was assigned to the Vietnamese Marine Corps.","Jeffrey H. Mosher served in the United States Army from 1970 through 1973, during which time he achieved the rank of Specialist and was a helicopter crew chief door gunner. At the time of this interview he was a Chief Petty Officer with the United Navy Seabees.","Sergeant Major (Retired) John Ohmer enlisted in the United States Army in 1963. He received aviation training as a crew chief, working with Cobra and Huey helicopters during his three tours of duty in Vietnam. He subsequently worked as a recruiter, retiring from service in 1990.","Wesley I. Rahn joined the United States Air Force in 1961 and retired in 1981. He was stationed at Ft. George G. Meade (at the time, Tipton Army Air Field), Maryland as a weather equipment repairman. From 1966 to 1969 he served in Ramstein, Germany, installing weather equipment throughout Europe. From 1971 to 1972 Rahn was stationed in Vietnam as a tech sergeant. Upon his return to the United States he was stationed at Robins Air Force Base, Georgia in intermediate electronics maintenance. Following this service he became an instructor at the Military Airlift Command Noncommissioned Officer (NCO) Academy, was stationed at Gunter Air Force Base, Alabama, and taught at the Senior Enlisted Academy.","Rahn worked with Lockheed Aircraft Company in Jiddah, Saudi Arabia, teaching management and leadership to Saudi officers working in the Air Force. Subsequently, he worked for the Director of Air Training at Riyadh, Saudi Air Force headquarters, also teaching Royal Saudi Air Force officers advanced management courses. In Saudi Arabia, Rahn also worked for Dallah Avco at R Staff Headquarters, McDonald-Douglas, and also taught at a field training center in Dhahran, where he was promoted to be the superintendent of the facility, working for the Royal Saudi Air Force supervising Saudis and McDonald-Douglas employees who were training Saudis on how to maintain aircraft.","Ronald Ray was born in Kentucky in 1942 and graduated from Centre College (Kentucky) and the University of Louisville School of Law. He commissioned as a 2nd Lieutenant in the United States Marine Corps Reserve in 1964 and spent the next five years on active duty. He was deployed to the Dominican Republic, the Caribbean, and served as an advisor in Vietnam from March 1967 to March 1968. Ray served as a Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense during the Reagan administration, on two presidential commissions, and as a military historian at the United States Marine Corps Historical Center.","Colonel William R. Ricks served with the United States Air Force from 1964 to 1987 as a pilot of F-105s, F-4s, and F-15s.","Colonel John W. Ripley served for 35 years on active duty in the United States Marines Corps. He served two tours in Vietnam. During the second (1971-1972) he was Senior Advisor to the 3rd Vietnamese Marine Battalion, which operated along the demilitarized zone.","From January 1968 to August 1971, Joseph E. Rosinski served with the United States Air Force, Tactical Air Command (TAC) 38th and 37th Airlift Squadron Headquarters at Langley, Virginia as a Staff Sergeant, supply and logistics.","Gilman Rud entered the United States Navy's Aviation Officer Candidate program following his 1966 graduation from North Dakota State University. His distinguished 28 year career included 5,600 hours of flight time and 786 carrier landings. He also flew combat missions during the Vietnam War. He served as:\n Commanding Officer of Attack Squadron 192 (Golden Dragons) Commanding Officer and Flight Leader of the Navy Flight Demonstration Squadron (Blue Angels) Captain of the Fleet Replenishment Oiler, USS Wabash (AOR 5) Commander of the the aircraft carrier USS Constellation (CV 64) \nRud retired from active duty in 1995.","Lieutenant Colonel William P. Saunders served in the United States Air Force as an Aircraft Commander (AC-47), Flight Scheduler, 4th Special Operations Squadron at Bien Thuy Air Base/Bien Hoa Air base, Republic of Vietnam. He served with the Air Force through 1988.","Glenn A. Thieme was born in Wisconsin in 1931 and served in the United States Navy from July 1949 to June 1975, achieving the rank of Lieutenant Commander.","Lieutenant Commanders Thomas D. Todd enlisted in the United States Navy in 1953. He served in the Inactive Reserves from 1957 to 1961, was an aviation officer candidate in 1961, a Naval officer from 1961 to 1968, and served in the Active Reserves from 1968 to 1982. He also served as Legal Officer VR-22 in Norfolk, Virginia from 1962 to 1965, as Assistant Air Intelligence Officer on the USS Coral Sea (CVA 43) from 1965 to 1967, and as a political analyst for FICUR NASJAX, Florida.","James R. Treadwell served in the United States Air Force as an aircraft mechanic and engine and crew chief (1971-1973), and as a KC-135 boom operator and flight engineer (1973-1979). During the Vietnam War he flew on missions to refuel fighter aircraft flying over Cambodia.","Blair P. Turner commissioned into the United States Navy on April 10, 1970 as a Surface Warfare Officer. He served two overseas deployments during the Vietnam War (1970-1971), and was assigned to the USS Windham County (LST 1170). Turner left active duty in 1973, remaining in the Reserve through 1975. At the time of this interview he was a Professor of History at the Virginia Military Institute.","Lieutenant Colonel Steven M. Yedinak (Retired) commissioned into the United States Army Infantry in 1963 and subsequently spent 26 years in Special Forces and Airborne Infantry. He served two combat tours in Vietnam (1966-1967 and 1971-1972), and started the Mobile Guerrilla Force. He is the author of \"Hard to Forget: An American with the Mobile Guerrilla Force in Vietnam\" (Random House, 1998). Yedinak retired from the Army in 1989.","Frank Yusi attended United States Navy boot camp in January of 1965 as a seaman recruit, but was then picked up for Officer Candidate School (OCS) and graduated in April. In November 1965 he began service in the South China Sea on a destroyer. From August 1967 to January 1969 he served in Vietnam on river patrol boats (River Division 533 in the Mekong Delta). Following this service Yusi went to OCS as an instructor at Newport, Rhode Island and then returned to destroyers as an engineer. He served for several tours on destroyers, as well as two tours at the Naval War College, one as a student and one on staff. In 1984 he returned as a senior student at the Naval War College and finished his career after being in command and being an Executive Officer on destroyers and frigates, Naval Training Service Center School for Recruits at Great Lakes, Illinois.","General Anthony C. Zinni was an advisor with the South Vietnamese Marines in 1967. Subsequent assignments include the following:\n Deputy Commander in Chief, United States Central Command Commanding General, 1st Marine Expeditionary Force Commander, Combined Task Force for Operation United Shield Chief of Staff and Deputy Commanding General of combined task force Provide Comfort Special Advisor to the Secretary of State Senior Advisor at the Center for Strategic and International Studies \nZinni's decorations include the Defense Distinguished Service Medal, the Defense Superior Service Medal with two oak leaf clusters, the Bronze Star Medal with Combat V and gold star in lieu of a second award, and the Purple Heart.","Steven L. Amato, a 1983 VMI graduate, entered active duty in October 1983. He trained as a B-52 navigator and was deployed during Operation Desert Storm (January 1991). In addition to his many assignments, he served at the Pentagon and worked on President George W. Bush's first inaugural. Amato also served as the Head of VMI's Air Force Reserve Officers' Training Corps (AFROTC) detachment.","William F. Andrews graduated from the United States Air Force Academy in 1980 and began pilot training the same year. He has flown the T-37, EF-111, and the F-16. He was deployed in Operation Desert Storm and was a prisoner of war for eight days. Andrews subsequently served as an F-16 squadron and group commander, staff officer for the Joint Staff in Washington, D.C., and taught at the National Defense University, Washington, D.C.","Jim Carver had a distinguished career as a senior non-commissioned officer in the United States Army Special Forces. He was deployed to Operation Desert Storm while assigned to Operational Detachment Alphas 326, 3rd Special Forces Group (Airborne), serving as an Engineer Sergeant. Carver subsequently held senior special forces training and operations management positions at Fort Bragg, California, and served as an Reserve Officers' Training Corps (ROTC) Military Science Instructor at the University of Richmond, Virginia.","Timothy Heely graduated from the United States Naval Academy in 1975 and comissioned that same year. He trained as a pilot and served with distinction for 30 years, rising to the rank of Read Admiral.","Colonel James G. Kyser, a United States Naval Academy graduate, had a distinguished career in the Marines Corps from 1985 to 2009. His many deployments included Desert Shield and Desert Storm (1990-1991), special operations missions in Europe and Africa, and the Iraq War. Kyser retired in July 2009 after 24 years of service.","Captain Charles H. Litz received his Bachelor of Science from the United States Naval Academy and his Master of Science from the National War College. From June 1976 to July 2002 he served a carrier helicopter pilot flying the SH-3H. Litz participated in Desert Storm as part of Airwing on the USS Theodore Roosevelt (CVN 71).","Commander Tom A. Magno spent 22 years as a United States Navy flight officer, piloting E-2 Hawkeyes and F-14A/F-14B Tomcats. He accrued 2500 flight hours/650+ arrested landings, and saw combat tours in Libya (1986), Bosnia (1993), and Iraq (Operation Desert Shield, 1990). Magno retired in 2003.","Commander Timothy S. McElhannon entered the United States Navy in May 1980 upon graduation from the University of Georgia, received his commission in August 1980, and earned his Naval Aviator wings in July 1981. His operational tours include Helicopter Anti-Submarine Squadron Light Thirty-Four in Norfolk, Virginia and Helicopter Anti-Submarine Squadron Light Forty-Three in San Diego, California. McElhannon deployed to the Persian Gulf twice (1983 and 1989) during the Iran/Iraq War where he participated in the escort of re-flagged tankers during the final stage of the War. He subsequently was selected for naval attache duty.","Following his distinguished career in the United States Army, General J. H. Binford Peay III became VMI's 14th Superintendent in 2003. Detailed biographical information is avaliable upon request.","Captain Brian L. Quisenberry graduated from the Virginia Military Institute in 1981 and commissioned in the United States Navy.","Robert J. Cook was on active duty with the United States Army for over 20 years, first as an enlisted soldier and subsequently as an officer. He is a decorated combat veteran who was deployed to Afghanistan, with a background in military intelligence and aviation. From 2005 to 2006 he served as aide-de-camp to the Commanding General at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba. Cook has served twice in the Army Reserve Officers' Training Corps (ROTC) department at VMI.","Captain Steven Craig is a UH-1N helicopter pilot and a decorated veteran of the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq. He enlisted in the United States Marines Corps in 1989 and subsequently was commissioned and went to flight school. He was deployed in Operation Enduring Freedom in 2004, and in Operation Iraqi Freedom in 2005 to 2006. In 2010 Craig was assigned to the VMI Naval ROTC Department as a Marine Corps Instructor.","Following his graduation from VMI in 1989, Gary A. Bissell commissioned in the United States Army and trained as a helicopter pilot. After leaving active duty, he has continued to serve in the Army National Guard and the Reserves, and was deployed during Operation Iraqi Freedom.","Lieutenant Colonel William Bither first served with the United States Army 2nd Battalion, 23rd Infantry Regiment at Fort Lewis, Washington as a rifle platoon leader. He then joined United States Army Special Forces and has been stationed in Korea, Quantico (Virginia), the Marine Corps Amphibious Warfare School, Germany, Fort Bragg (California), Kuwait, and Iraq.","Captain Thomas A. Brashears was 9 3/4 years active with the 18th Field Artillery Brigade Airborne, 1st Armored Division. He deployed to Kosovo from May to December, 2000 and to Iraq as Battery Commander from April 2003 to July 2004.","Major Robert Churchill served with the United States Air Force from May 19, 1991 to August 15, 2005, and since August 16, 2005 he has served with the United States Air Force Reserves. He attended graduate Space Training and then went into Space Command as an orbit analyst in Space Ops. He then went into pilot training, to Reese Air Force Base, Texas, and then on to F-16 training. At the time of this interview, Churchill was with the 302nd Fighter Squadron.","At the time of this interview Jose L. Crespo was a logistics officer in the United States Air Force. He has been deployed to Kuwait, Iraq, and Afghanistan.","Major Tim Daniel began serving with the United States Air Force in January of 1983. He has been an A-10 pilot, T-37 instructor pilot, and an OA-10 pilot, and has 3500 hours of flight time with 100 hours of combat time in Iraq and Afghanistan.","Major Frank Diorio graduated from the University of Notre Dame in 1996 and immediately commissioned in the United States Marine Corps. He has been deployed to the Kuwait/Iraqi border (1997-2000), Djibouti, Africa (2004), and Al Anbar Province, Iraq (2005).","A combat engineer, Captain Jon A. Drake served in support of Operation Joint Guardian in Kosovo. He later deployed to Iraq in February 2004 as a company commander for Alpha Company, 82nd Engineer Battalion.","Michael Johnson enlisted in the United States Marine Corps in August 1993. At the time of this interview, he was a Military Occupational Specialty 0629 (MOS) Communications Chief (E-7). Johnson has served:\n With 1st Anglico/Camp Pendleton As a drill instructor at Parris Island, South Carolina With the 2nd Force Reconnaissance Company As Assistant Marine Officer Instructor (AMOI) at VMI \nJohnson deployed in support of Operations Iraqi Freedom and Enduring Freedom.","Benjamin Kimsey is a member of the VMI Class of 2009. From 2002 to 2005 he was on active duty in the United States Army in the 116th Brigade, 29th Infantry Division, and was deployed to Guantanamo Bay, Cuba and Afghanistan. Kimsey subsequently became a member of the National Guard, in Delta 1 of the 19th Special Forces Group in Kingwood, West Virginia.","Phillip A. Suydam served in the United States Air Force for 21 years as an Air Force Security Forces Officer. He provided security, police services, force protection planning, and information security program management. His assignments took him to Germany, Guam, and the United Arab Emirates. In 2004 Suydam deployed to Joint Base Balad, Iraq as the Commander of the 332d Expeditionary Security Forces Squadron in support of Operation Iraqi Freedom.","James G. Wicker entered the United States Navy in 1979, serving on deployments to the Persian Gulf as an Executive Officer to a minesweeper during the Iran-Iraq War, and deployed to the Mediterranean, the Pacific, and Indian Oceans. During his career he served on board the USS Goldsborough (DDG 20), the USS Sides (FFG 14), the USS Elusive (AM 225), and the USS Bainbridge (CGN 25).","At the time of this interview, Lance Corporal Patrick Young was serving in the United States Marine Corps Reserves and was a member of the Virginia Military Institute Class of 2009. His unit was B. Company, 4th Combat Engineer Battalion out of Roanoke, Virginia. Young is a veteran of Operation Iraqi Freedom.","Keith R. Anderson served as an active duty Marine Corps officer for eleven years (1980-1992). During his career he flew the H-53 Sea Stallion helicopter, and in addition, spent four years as a Marine One pilot (HMX, presidential helicopter squadron) during the Reagan and Bush administrations. Since leaving military service, Anderson has worked as a jet pilot in corporate aviation.","Thomas Arendes joined the United States Navy following his graduation from high school in 2006. At the time of this interview he was an Electrician's Mate, 3rd Class, in the nuclear field, and was serving on the aircraft carrier USS Theodore Roosevelt (CVN-71).","Kenneth W. Baity served in the United States Navy on the USS Sam Houston (SSBN-609). His enlisted rate was Machinist Mate/Engineering Laboratory Technician Nuclear.","Brandon A. Bissell accepted a commission in the United States Army following his graduation from VMI in 1998. He served with the 101st Aviation Regiment at Fort Campbell, Kentucky, flying Black Hawk helicopters. He also has been a company Executive Officer, platoon leader, S-1 and S-3. Bissell subsequently spent two years in Korea.","Lieutenant Colonel Marti J. Bissell commissioned in the United States Army in 1988. She trained as a helicopter test pilot and has served on active duty in Korea, Germany, and Fort Riley, Kansas.","Brigadier General Charles F. Brower, IV served in the United States Army from 1969 to 2001, serving in:\n United States Army Europe and Africa (USAREUR) RVN Continental United States in the 4th Armored Division, 101st Airborne Division, 24th Infantry Division (Mech), and 23rd Infanty Division Cavalry Troop Commander, RVN, from 1971 to 1972 \nBrower was an Professor, departments of History and Behavior Sciences and Leadership, at the United States Military Academy. He also served as Deputy Superintendent and Dean of the Faculty at VMI from 2001 to 2008.","Lieutenant Kenneth R. Brown enlisted in the Navy in 1994. He received a four-year Reserve Officers' Training Corps (ROTC) scholarship to Norwich University and received his commission in 1999. He has served as a Surface Warfare Officer.","Frank Woodruff Buckles was born in 1901 and grew up on a farm in Missouri. He enlisted age 16 and joined the United States Army Ambulance Corps, arriving in France a few months before the end of World War I. At the beginning of World War II he was working as a civilian in the Philippines when he was captured by the Japanese and held in a prisoner of war camp for more than three years.","Rear Admiral Steven E. Day enlisted in the United States Coast Guard in 1967 and received his commission in 1979. His long career has included numerous posting stateside and overseas.","Colonel Eicher served with the United States Marine Corps for 26 years as an aviator, commissioning in November 1970.","Steven V. Ferguson served with the United States Navy, four years active and two years reserve. He served on the USS Gearing (DD-710).","Victoria P. Friedensen holds an Bachelor of Arts from the University of North Carolina and and Master of Science from Virginia Tech. Her career has included positions at the National Academy of Science and the National Academy of Engineering. At the time of this interview, Friedensen was a civilian employee at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), where she was the acting program manager of the Lunar Precursor Robotic Program.","John D. Gober, M.D., served as a United States Navy flight surgeon.","Paul F. Gorman is a retired United States Army General whose active duty spanned an enlistment in the United States Navy toward the end of World War II, graduation from West Point in 1950, three years of infantry combat in Korea and Vietnam, and two decades of assignments in the upper echelons of the Pentagon.","Colonel William R. Grace was commissioned as a 2nd Lieutenant in 1981. Upon completion of the Basic School he reported to Naval Air Station, Pensacola, Florida, for flight training and was designated a Naval Aviator in 1983. He received his initial AH-1J training with Marine Helicopter Training Squadron 303 at Camp Pendleton, California. During his distingished career, Grace has served with numerous Marine Corps Helicopter Squadrons, including Marine Helicopter Squadron One, which supports White House missions worldwide. He led presidential detachments on four continents while serving under presidents George H. W. Bush and Bill Clinton.","Lieutenant Chris Gray graduated from the Naval Academy in 2001. He subsequently reported to Nuclear Power School and then went to Prototype in Charleston, South Carolina. He was first assigned to the USS Tennessee (SSBN-734) in Kings Bay, Georgia. Gray spent three years on board the USS Tennessee and was an instructor with VMI's Naval Reserve Officers' Training Corps (ROTC) program.","Colonel George F. Hafkemeyer served for 30 years in the United States Army as a an officer in the areas of maintenance, material management, and logistics. In addition to his stateside assignments, he served overseas in Germany, Kuwait, and Sweden.","At the time of this interview, Evan T. Hanks, VMI Class of 2007, served with the 192nd Maintenance Squadron, Virginia Air National Guard as an aircraft structural mechanic and corrosion control journeyman.","Alexis Hart commissioned with the United States Navy in May 1993. From August 1993 to April 1994 she was a student at the Navy Supply Corps School in Athens, Georgia. From May 1994 to June 1997, she served as Division Officer on board the USS Essex (LHD 2), and was first woman assigned to an amphibious ship. From July 1997 to June 1999, Hart served as Instructor at the Navy Supply Corps School.","Rear Admiral Maurice B. Hill, Jr. served in the United States Navy Dental Corps on both active duty and in the reserves.","Seargeant Major Alvin N. Hockaday, United States Marine Corps (Retired), was born and raised in Richmond, Virginia. After completing high school in 1960, he enlisted in the Marine Corps where he was trained as a Marksmanship Instructor and Rifle Team Member. In 1965, Hockaday served his first tour of duty in Vietnam until he was wounded in 1966. From 1966 to 1968 he served as an instructor at the Marine Corps Officer Candidate School. He returned to Vietnam in 1968 and was wounded again in 1969. ","Hockaday returned to the United States in 1974 and was assigned as the first enlisted Marine Instructor at the VMI. In 1977 he was assigned to The Marine Corps Ceremonial Units at Marine Barracks in Washington, D.C. Following his retirment from the Marine Corps in 1990, Hockaday became the first Seargeant Major to the Corps of Cadets at VMI, a position he held until 2003.","Donald B. Holt enlisted in the United States Navy in 1971 and after boot camp trained in electronics and nuclear power. He served as a reactor operator on the submarine USS Billfish (SSN 676), and subsequently was an instructor in a nuclear power training unit. Holt received his honorable discharge in 1979 after serving almost nine years.","Captain Vernon C. Honsinger enlisted in the Navy in 1951 and served for 30 years. Among his many assignments were those of Operations Officer and Chief Engineer on the USS Laffey (DD 724) in the Atlantic Ocean, Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea, and Weapons Officer and Assistant Engineering Officer on the USS Seadragon (SSN 584), Pacific Ocean.","Rodney A. Hottle, VMI Class of 1976, served in the United States Air Force from 1977 to 2003. He was a Missile Officer from 1977 to 1996 and subsequently transferred into Services.","Dr. Reed Johnson graduated from VMI in 1953 with a degree in physics. After completing post-graduate work at the Oak Ridge School of Reactor Technology (ORSORT), he was employed by Electric Boat and was involved in testing and designing radiation shields for the earliest nuclear submarines, including the Nautilus (SSN 571) and the Seawolf. He subsequently worked in many other nuclear projects during the 1950s, including the United States Army Package Power Reactor.","Kristopher G. Kowalczyk was born in 1982 and enlisted in the United States Army at the age of 17. He trained as an ammunition specialist and subsequently went to flight school, becoming an Apache helicopter pilot. Among his assignments was a 12 month deployment to Kosovo, Serbia.","Major Daryl Laninga joined the United States Marine Corps in 1983. He served as an enlisted infantryman (mortar man) for nine and a years, commissioned via the Marine Enlisted Commissioning Education Program in 1992.","Lieutenant Commander (retired) Jerome Leugers commissioned in the United States Navy 1973 and spent his career as a naval aviator, flying the C-1, Saberline, C-9, and A-6. He served on active duty for ten years and subsequently in the reserves, retiring after 20 years.","Commander Mark G. Martin commissioned in the United States Navy in April 1985 and earned his Aviator wings in June 1986.","Commander Robert McMasters served with the United States Navy on the USS Will Rogers (SSBN 659) as division officer from September 1979 to June 1982. From  June 1982 to June 1984 he served as the S1W Prototype leading engineering officer of the watch, Idaho Falls, Idaho.","Robert P. McMullen enlisted in the United States Marines in December 2000 and served for four years. He was assigned to the Legal Services Support Section (LSSS) and the unit was deployed to Kuwait from 2002 to 2003.","Colonel Thomas B. Moncure, VMI Class of 1972, commissioned into the United States Air Force in 1972 through the Reserve Officers' Training Corps (ROTC) program at VMI. He graduated from pilot training in May 1973 and he served as a command pilot with over 3150 flying hours in B-52, T-38, FB-111A, F-111F, and B-1 aircraft. His other assignments included that of Deputy Director of Plans and Programs, Headquarters United States Air Forces in Europe, Ramstein Air Base, Germany, and Commander and Professor of Aerospace Studies at Air Force ROTC Det 880, VMI. Moncure retired from the Air Force in 2002.","James M. Morgan, Jr. (1923-2021) was a member of the VMI Class of 1945. He subsequently received a PhD in civil engineering from Johns Hopkins University. He spend 38 years at VMI as a professor and later head of the Civil Engineering Department. Morgan then served as Dean of the Faculty and retured from VMI in 1984.","John L. Neel joined the United States Army in 1976 and was trained as a Parachute Infantryman. His first assignment was with the 505th Parachute Infantry Regiment, 82d Airborne Division, Fort Bragg North Carolina. He served over 15 years with the 505th in a variety of positons. He has served three tours with North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) in Izmir, Turkey as an Operations Sergeant, and  s the Senior Enlisted Advisor and Sergeant Major for Joint Command Southeast. ","Neel also served for two years on Her Majesty's service as Platoon Sergeant, 8 Platoon, 1st Battalion, British Parachute Regiment. From July 1997 to July 2000 he served as Sergeant Major of the Army Reserve Officers' Training Corps (ROTC) Department at VMI.","Neel's deployments include:\n 1983: Grenada 1992: Joint Task Force 6 along the New Mexico/Mexico border 1995: Operation Harvest Bear in Panama to quell the riots in the Cuban refugee camps September 2000: Kosovo as the Operations Sergeant, J3, Headquarters Kosovo Force (KFOR)-4","Laura E. Niebel graduated from George Washington University and commissioned in the United States Navy in 1999. At the time of this interview she was a helicopter pilot (SH-60B Seahawk) and had been deployed twice to the Arabian Gulf.","Eugene Ostlund enlisted in the United States Navy in 1940, went through boot camp at Great Lakes, and qualified for a Class A school, attending Aviation Metalsmith School in Pensacola, Florida. He was subsequently sent to Naval Air Station, North Island, where he stayed until 1943, and was then transferred to a carrier aircraft service unit. He later qualified for the Navy V-12 program and enrolled in the College of St. Thomas in St. Paul, Minnesota and the University of Michigan.","In 1947 he was commissioned an ensign in the regular Navy. He served:\n On board the USS St. Paul (CA 73) On the staff of the Commander Seventh Fleet operating in Korean waters On board the USS Gearing (DD 710), a destroyer which operated in the Sixth Fleet in the Mediterranean where he was the communication officer and the operations officer Onboard the USS Haas (DE 424) As Commanding Officer of the USS Lansing (DER 328) \nUpon completion of the tour of duty on the USS Lansing, Ostlund was assigned to the Command and Staff College of the Air Force Air University in Maxwell Field in Montgomery, Alabama. He was then assigned to the Defense Communication Agency in Washington, D.C.","Valerie Overstreet graduated from Virginia Tech in 1991. While at Tech, she was a member of the Corps of Cadets on a United States Navy scholarship. After commissioning and initial flight training, she selected carrier aviation and was assigned to the E-2C. Overstreet has also served as an instructor pilot and studied at the Naval War College. At the time of this interview she was the second female Commanding Officer in the history of United States Navy combat aviation.","Stephen D. Patchin grew up in Wisconsin and joined the United States Navy in 1958 at the age of 18. He served until 1979 in the field of aviation maintenance. After his retirement from the Navy, he continued to work in naval aviation mechanics and planning as a civilian contractor.","Captain Robert C. Peniston served 10 sea tours on nine ships. He commanded the USS Savage, USS Tattnall, and USS Albany. He was navigator of the Presidential yacht Williamsburg from 1951 to 1952 and served seven shore tours, officer distribution (two tours), Bureau of Naval Personnel (two tours) and was Director of Naval Education Development Staff of Chief of Naval Education and Training (CNET).","Commander Mark D. Pistochini served with the United States Navy from June 26, 1968 through September 1, 1996, and retired as a Commander (OS). He served as a Communications Intelligence Evaluator (COMEVAL) with the United States Naval Security Group, Detachment Atsugi, Japan from March 1978 through August 1981. He accrued over 2,000 hours in the VA-1 EP-3 aircraft.","Lieutenant Colonel Russell Rivers graduated from the University of Mississippi in 1982 and commissioned in the United States Air Force. He received his Naval Aviator wings in 1984. Rivers has flown several type/model/series aircraft, ranging from turboprop trainers to rotary wing and jet aircraft, accumulating over 3600 hours of flight time as of this interview date.","Lieutenant Colonel Frederick C. Rody entered the United States Marine Corps in 1983 and spent 12 years on active duty and 11 years in the Reserves. He trained as a pilot and flew the F-18.","William B. Rutherford grew up in Cape May, New Jersey and joined the United States Marine Corps in 1953. After three years in the Marines, he transferred to the United States Navy and attended nuclear power school. Rutherford saw duty on several nuclear powered subs, serving as a chief electrician. He retired after 20 years of military service.","Ross Schmoll commissioned into the United States Air Force in 1959 after graduating from Cornell University, rising to the rank of Colonel before retiring in the late 1980s. Assignments included:\n B-47 B-58 crew member F-11 crew member (radar navigator bombardier) stationed at Royal Air Force Upper Hayford (England) and subsequently in Thailand Deputy commander for maintenance, Seymour Johnson Air Force Base, North Carolina (four squadrons of F-4Es) Director of maintenance at the United States Air Forces in Europe (USAFE) Assistant Director of Logistics at USAFE Defense Logistics Agency","Major Anthony Shea served in the United States Air Force from 1985 to 1994 as:\n A security forces specialist An officer with the chief computer support section Wide area network program manager Internet protocol engineer Chief military telephone command and control Assistant Professor of Aerospace Studies for Air Force Reserve Officers' Training Corps (ROTC), Virginia Military Institute","Lieutenant Jared Smith received a Bachelor of Science in electrical engineering and commissioned into the United States Navy through Officer Candidate School (OCS). After completing Navy Nuclear Power School and other courses, he was assigned as a submarine officer on the USS Maryland (SSBN 738). He was subsequently assigned to Virginia Military Institute's Naval Reserve Officers' Training Corps (ROTC) unit (December 2006 to February 2009).","Dennis Stone commissioned into the United States Army in June 1970 and was assigned to Fort Benning, Georgia for the Infantry Basic Officer Course (IOBC), Airborne Ranger. From June 1971 to May 1973 he served with the 1148IMF as 3rd Armored Division Platoon Leader, Executive Officer, and Detachment Commander. From May 1973 to December 1974 he served at the Arctic Test Center at Fort Greely, Alaska, where he tested cold weather equipment and commanded troops involved in testing. Other assignments included the New Jersey Army National Guard, the Virginia National Guard, and the 11th Special Forces Group. Stone retired in June 1973 with the rank of Lieutenant Colonel.","Robert Walston Todd II, United States Navy, has served on the USS George Washington (CVN-73) as a Reactor Operator, Electronics Technician 2nd Class since September 2004. He attended A-School and Power School in Charleston, South Carolina from January 2003 to 2004 and Nuclear Prototype School in Ballston Spa, New York from February 2004 to August 2004.","Colonel James O. Tubbs commissioned into the United States Air Force in 1980 and has served as the following:\n 1983-1986: Standardization and Evaluation Pilot at the 23rd Tactical Air Support Squadron, Shaw Air Force Base, South Carolina 1987-1989: Flight Commander and Instructor Pilot, 496th Tactical Fighter Squadron, Hahn Air Base, Germany 1989-1993: Instructor Pilot and Assistant Operations Officer, 314th Fighter Squadron, Luke Air Force Base, Arizona 1995-1997: Operations Officer and Chief of Strategy Division, 32nd Air Operations Squadron 1997-1999: Squadron Operations Officer and Special Assistant to the Operations Group Commander, 31st Fighter Wing 1999-2001: Air Staff Action Officer and Deputy Chief of Joint Issues Division for Air Force Quadrennial Defense Review 2002-2004: Senior Military Advisor to the Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Resources and Plans, acting as advisor for all Air Force program, budget and acquisition issues Military Assistant to the Under Secretary of Defense for Policy at the Pentagon, Washington D.C.","Major Colin S. Turnnidge II enlisted in the United States Army in May 1980 and trained as a Special Forces combat medic. He served on active duty for three years with the 7th Special Forces Group, deploying to Central America. He subsequently served 10 months in the Special Forces Reserves (11th Group) before leaving the service. He reenlisted in 1991 and served with the 3rd Group, attending Physicians Assistant School, and receiving a direct commission in 1995. Turnnidge served as a physician assistant until his retirement in 2006.","Darrell G. Van Ness began his service as a United States Army private in 1978, completing his basic training and Advanced Individual Training (AIT) in Armor School at Ft. Knox, Kentucky. He went on to Ft. Bliss, Texas to 3rd Armored Cavalry Regiment (ACR) and was assigned to 3rd ACR F Troop. From 1980 to 1981 Van Ness was stationed in Garlstedt, Germany, in the AD4,  and from 1981 to 1984 he served with the 3rd and 7th Cavalry B Troop.","Commander Clifford L. J. Wade grew up in Ohio and graduated from Miami University (Oxford, Ohio). He commissioned into the United States Navy and became a Naval Flight Officer, spending 21 years of his 27 year career outside of the continental United States (Hawaii, Bermuda, Japan, Spain, and England). His last duty station was at the Naval Reserve Officers' Training Corps (NROTC) unit at Virginia Military Institute.","R. Kurt Zeppenfeldserved with the United States Marine Corps from 1977 to 1981 and with the United States Naval Reserve."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Name of Interviewee] Interview, Military oral history collection, 2003-2014. MS 0510. VMI Archives, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Name of Interviewee] Interview, Military oral history collection, 2003-2014. MS 0510. VMI Archives, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis oral history collection spans the World War II era through recent conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan. One interview (Frank Buckles) covers World War I service. The majority of the interviews were conducted by VMI cadets taking courses in military history. The interview files and recordings are housed in the VMI Archives.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series consists of transcripts of oral history interviews conducted in 2014 to 2015 with VMI alumni who served during World War II. The interviewer is journalist Lisa Tracy. These interviews contain information about cadet life during the War, as well as wartime service of individuals.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis sub-series consists of oral histories of World War II era VMI alumni conducted by cadets taking History 393, World War II, taught by Lieutenant Colonel Bradley L. Coleman (Fall 2015). The interviews cover cadet experiences from the era as well as military service.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview covers Alfred A. Alvarez's service during World War II.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview covers Ernest A. Andrews' service during World War II.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview covers Joseph L. Argenzio's service in World War II.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview covers Charles D. Bachman's service in World War II.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview covers Stanley Caulkins' service during World War II.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview contains extensive information about \tRobert L. Cheatham, Jr.'s experiences as a prisoner of war.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview covers Glen Cleckler's experiences during World War II.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview primarily covers William H. Collier's service in World War II.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn this interview, David Cvengros recounts the World War II service of his father George E. Cvengros (1923-1985).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview covers Walter M. Duncan, Sr.'s stateside pilot training.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview covers Edward L. Feightner's experiences throughout his career, including his service in World War II and as a test pilot and member of the \"Blue Angels.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview covers R. \"Hap\" Halloran experiences on B-29 missions and his time as a prisoner of war.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview covers John P. Irby III's training and includes coverage of his service in World War II with Company C of the 86th Reconnaissance Squadron of the 6th Armored Division, in General George S. Patton's 3rd Army, and the 3rd Armored Division.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview covers Malcolm Muir, Sr.'s experiences in World War II.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview covers James B. Naughton's experiences during World War II.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview covers George Porter's experiences during and after World War II, and includes discussion of the racial prejudice that black soldiers encountered in the United States Army and in society at large.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview covers Carl D. Proffitt's experiences in World War II.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview covers John M. Remaly's experiences during World War II.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview covers William Repke's experiences during World War II.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview covers Charles A. Riley's post-World War Two United States Air Force career.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview covers Edward A. Ryan's experiences during World War II.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview covers Luther J. Schilling's experiences during World War II.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview covers the invasion of Normandy, France and Charles Shaeff's time in the United States Navy Reserves.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview covers Samuel Tarkenton's experiences during his United States Army service.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview covers Meeks B. Vaughan's early years growing up in Timpton County, Tennessee, as well as his experiences during World War II.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview covers Tyson Wilson's service in World War II (2nd Marine Division) and briefly his time teaching Combat Intelligence at Quantico, Virginia, and his years teaching with the Economics, History and Army Reserve Officers' Training Corps (ROTC) departments at Virginia Military Institute.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview covers William D. Badgett's experiences in Korea.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview covers Vernon A. Good's experiences during the Korean War.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview covers Raymond A. Johnson's United States Marine Corps career and his experiences during the Korean War.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview primarily covers Charles W. McKellar's experiences in the Korean War.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview covers Bill R. Penn's experiences in the Korean War as a corpsman and as a prisoner of war.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview covers John T. Pepper's years of military service.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA collection addition in 2021 added supplemental material related to Craig D. Caldwell, Paul A. Robblee, Jr., Paul Wagner, Dale W. Saville, Randolph W. Urmston, and Edwin Y. Hines.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis file contains one book titled \"VietNam 1968-1969\" by Edwin Y. Hines.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview covers Terry G. Allison's experiences during the Vietnam War.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview covers Lawrence E. Boese's three tours of duty in Vietnam (1968-1972) with particular emphasis upon Operation Linebacker. During the \"Linebacker\" period, he served as a F-4D/E aircraft commander, instructor pilot, and mission commander with the 308th Tactical Fighter Squadron out of Homestead Air Force Base, Florida.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview covers Michael L. Bozeman's service in Vietnam.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview covers George M. Brooke III's career with the United States Marine Corps.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview covers Leland H. Burgess' career as a helicopter pilot during the Vietnam War.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview covers Lee S. Dewald's military career and experiences in Vietnam and the Hague as well as his time as a cadet at the Citadel.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview covers Blaise S. DiMartino's service in the United States Navy.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview focuses on Floyd H. Duncan's tour of duty in Vietnam (1966-1967) and on his service in the Army Reserves during the Vietnam era.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview covers Ronald A. Erchul's years of active duty (1961-1981).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThese interviews cover Alan F. Farrell's Special Forces training and experiences in the Vietnam War.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview covers Arbury D. Hooker's experiences in the Vietnam War, Korea, and Grenada.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview primarily covers Robert M. Hudson's service in the Vietnam War.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview covers James E. Livingston's experiences in Vietnam.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview covers Paul B. Maini's service in the Vietnam War.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview covers John G. Miller's experiences in the Vietnam War.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview covers William Moriarty's experiences during the Vietnam War.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview covers Jeffrey H. Mosher's experiences in the Vietnam War.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview covers Wesley I. Rahn's experiences throughout his United States Air Force career.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview covers William R. Ricks' experiences as a pilot, his experiences in the Vietnam War, and his observations of Air Force participation in Operation Desert Storm.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview covers John W. Ripley's experiences during his second tour in Vietnam (1971-1972).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview covers Joseph E. Rosinski's time in the service from 1967 to 1971.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview covers Glenn A. Thieme's entire career, including his deployment to Vietnam in 1971.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview covers Thomas D. Todd's years of military service.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview covers James R. Treadwell's military career.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview primarily covers Frank Yusi's service in the Vietnam War, but also his time at the Naval War College, Rhode Island.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview covers Anthony C. Zinni's experiences as an advisor with the South Vietnamese Marines (1967).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview covers Timothy S. McElhannon's career through 2002.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe first interview covers J. H. Binford Peay III's years as a VMI cadet (1958-1962). The second interview contains reflections on his military service and the challenges facing the army.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview covers Brian L. Quisenberry's assignments throughout his active duty and reserves career.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview covers Thomas A. Brashears' experiences in Iraq.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview covers Robert Churchill's career with the United States Air Force and the United States Air Force Reserves.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview covers Benjamin Kimsey's active duty service and his experience as a VMI cadet.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview covers James G. Wicker's United States Navy career.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview primarily covers Patrick M. Young's combat experiences during his deployment to Iraq in 2005.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview covers Thomas P. Arendes' service to date and in particular his training as a nuclear operator.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview covers Charles F. Brower IV's service as Army Aide to President Ronald Reagan from 1982 to 1984.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview covers James Eicher's experience flying the OV-10 and the AV-8 (\"The Harrier\"), and his thoughts on military flight technology.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview covers Steven V. Ferguson's United States Navy career.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview covers John D. Gober's various training and assignment experiences.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview concentrates on United States and Latin American security relations during the Ronald Reagan administration.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview covers Chris Gray's military education and career through 2006.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThese two interviews cover Evan T. Hanks' experiences working on F-15s and F-16s.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview covers Alexis Hart experiences on board the USS Essex (LHD 2).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview covers Daryl Laninga's service in the United States Marine Corps through 2005.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview covers Mark G. Martin's career through 2006.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview covers Robert McMasters' naval career.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTranscript of interview with James M. Morgan, Jr., VMI Class of 1945. The interview covers Morgan's years during World War II at VMI and in the Army Enlisted Reserve Corps (ERC), recollections about graduate school work, and his early teaching career at VMI. The bulk of the discussion covers the years 1941 to 1957.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview covers Laura E. Niebel's United States Navy career up to 2007, including details about training and deployments.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview covers Eugene Ostlund's United States Navy career through 1965.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview covers Robert C. Peniston's time aboard the USS Savage, USS Tattnall, USS New Jersey, USS Albany, and the Presidential yacht Williamsburg.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview covers Mark D. Pistochini's experiences in Atsugi, Japan.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview covers Frederick C. Rody's 23 years of experience in United States Marine Corps aviation.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview covers Anthony Shea's United States Air Force career from 1985 to 2005.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview covers Dennis Stone's time in Germany and at the Arctic Test Center, Alaska.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview covers Robert W. Todd II's service on the USS George Washington (CVN 73).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview covers R. Kurt Zeppenfeld's experiences in Pusan, Korea.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This oral history collection spans the World War II era through recent conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan. One interview (Frank Buckles) covers World War I service. The majority of the interviews were conducted by VMI cadets taking courses in military history. The interview files and recordings are housed in the VMI Archives.","This series consists of transcripts of oral history interviews conducted in 2014 to 2015 with VMI alumni who served during World War II. The interviewer is journalist Lisa Tracy. These interviews contain information about cadet life during the War, as well as wartime service of individuals.","This sub-series consists of oral histories of World War II era VMI alumni conducted by cadets taking History 393, World War II, taught by Lieutenant Colonel Bradley L. Coleman (Fall 2015). The interviews cover cadet experiences from the era as well as military service.","This interview covers Alfred A. Alvarez's service during World War II.","This interview covers Ernest A. Andrews' service during World War II.","This interview covers Joseph L. Argenzio's service in World War II.","This interview covers Charles D. Bachman's service in World War II.","This interview covers Stanley Caulkins' service during World War II.","This interview contains extensive information about \tRobert L. Cheatham, Jr.'s experiences as a prisoner of war.","This interview covers Glen Cleckler's experiences during World War II.","This interview primarily covers William H. Collier's service in World War II.","In this interview, David Cvengros recounts the World War II service of his father George E. Cvengros (1923-1985).","This interview covers Walter M. Duncan, Sr.'s stateside pilot training.","This interview covers Edward L. Feightner's experiences throughout his career, including his service in World War II and as a test pilot and member of the \"Blue Angels.\"","This interview covers R. \"Hap\" Halloran experiences on B-29 missions and his time as a prisoner of war.","This interview covers John P. Irby III's training and includes coverage of his service in World War II with Company C of the 86th Reconnaissance Squadron of the 6th Armored Division, in General George S. Patton's 3rd Army, and the 3rd Armored Division.","This interview covers Malcolm Muir, Sr.'s experiences in World War II.","This interview covers James B. Naughton's experiences during World War II.","This interview covers George Porter's experiences during and after World War II, and includes discussion of the racial prejudice that black soldiers encountered in the United States Army and in society at large.","This interview covers Carl D. Proffitt's experiences in World War II.","This interview covers John M. Remaly's experiences during World War II.","This interview covers William Repke's experiences during World War II.","This interview covers Charles A. Riley's post-World War Two United States Air Force career.","This interview covers Edward A. Ryan's experiences during World War II.","This interview covers Luther J. Schilling's experiences during World War II.","This interview covers the invasion of Normandy, France and Charles Shaeff's time in the United States Navy Reserves.","This interview covers Samuel Tarkenton's experiences during his United States Army service.","This interview covers Meeks B. Vaughan's early years growing up in Timpton County, Tennessee, as well as his experiences during World War II.","This interview covers Tyson Wilson's service in World War II (2nd Marine Division) and briefly his time teaching Combat Intelligence at Quantico, Virginia, and his years teaching with the Economics, History and Army Reserve Officers' Training Corps (ROTC) departments at Virginia Military Institute.","This interview covers William D. Badgett's experiences in Korea.","This interview covers Vernon A. Good's experiences during the Korean War.","This interview covers Raymond A. Johnson's United States Marine Corps career and his experiences during the Korean War.","This interview primarily covers Charles W. McKellar's experiences in the Korean War.","This interview covers Bill R. Penn's experiences in the Korean War as a corpsman and as a prisoner of war.","This interview covers John T. Pepper's years of military service.","A collection addition in 2021 added supplemental material related to Craig D. Caldwell, Paul A. Robblee, Jr., Paul Wagner, Dale W. Saville, Randolph W. Urmston, and Edwin Y. Hines.","This file contains one book titled \"VietNam 1968-1969\" by Edwin Y. Hines.","This interview covers Terry G. Allison's experiences during the Vietnam War.","This interview covers Lawrence E. Boese's three tours of duty in Vietnam (1968-1972) with particular emphasis upon Operation Linebacker. During the \"Linebacker\" period, he served as a F-4D/E aircraft commander, instructor pilot, and mission commander with the 308th Tactical Fighter Squadron out of Homestead Air Force Base, Florida.","This interview covers Michael L. Bozeman's service in Vietnam.","This interview covers George M. Brooke III's career with the United States Marine Corps.","This interview covers Leland H. Burgess' career as a helicopter pilot during the Vietnam War.","This interview covers Lee S. Dewald's military career and experiences in Vietnam and the Hague as well as his time as a cadet at the Citadel.","This interview covers Blaise S. DiMartino's service in the United States Navy.","This interview focuses on Floyd H. Duncan's tour of duty in Vietnam (1966-1967) and on his service in the Army Reserves during the Vietnam era.","This interview covers Ronald A. Erchul's years of active duty (1961-1981).","These interviews cover Alan F. Farrell's Special Forces training and experiences in the Vietnam War.","This interview covers Arbury D. Hooker's experiences in the Vietnam War, Korea, and Grenada.","This interview primarily covers Robert M. Hudson's service in the Vietnam War.","This interview covers James E. Livingston's experiences in Vietnam.","This interview covers Paul B. Maini's service in the Vietnam War.","This interview covers John G. Miller's experiences in the Vietnam War.","This interview covers William Moriarty's experiences during the Vietnam War.","This interview covers Jeffrey H. Mosher's experiences in the Vietnam War.","This interview covers Wesley I. Rahn's experiences throughout his United States Air Force career.","This interview covers William R. Ricks' experiences as a pilot, his experiences in the Vietnam War, and his observations of Air Force participation in Operation Desert Storm.","This interview covers John W. Ripley's experiences during his second tour in Vietnam (1971-1972).","This interview covers Joseph E. Rosinski's time in the service from 1967 to 1971.","This interview covers Glenn A. Thieme's entire career, including his deployment to Vietnam in 1971.","This interview covers Thomas D. Todd's years of military service.","This interview covers James R. Treadwell's military career.","This interview primarily covers Frank Yusi's service in the Vietnam War, but also his time at the Naval War College, Rhode Island.","This interview covers Anthony C. Zinni's experiences as an advisor with the South Vietnamese Marines (1967).","This interview covers Timothy S. McElhannon's career through 2002.","The first interview covers J. H. Binford Peay III's years as a VMI cadet (1958-1962). The second interview contains reflections on his military service and the challenges facing the army.","This interview covers Brian L. Quisenberry's assignments throughout his active duty and reserves career.","This interview covers Thomas A. Brashears' experiences in Iraq.","This interview covers Robert Churchill's career with the United States Air Force and the United States Air Force Reserves.","This interview covers Benjamin Kimsey's active duty service and his experience as a VMI cadet.","This interview covers James G. Wicker's United States Navy career.","This interview primarily covers Patrick M. Young's combat experiences during his deployment to Iraq in 2005.","This interview covers Thomas P. Arendes' service to date and in particular his training as a nuclear operator.","This interview covers Charles F. Brower IV's service as Army Aide to President Ronald Reagan from 1982 to 1984.","This interview covers James Eicher's experience flying the OV-10 and the AV-8 (\"The Harrier\"), and his thoughts on military flight technology.","This interview covers Steven V. Ferguson's United States Navy career.","This interview covers John D. Gober's various training and assignment experiences.","This interview concentrates on United States and Latin American security relations during the Ronald Reagan administration.","This interview covers Chris Gray's military education and career through 2006.","These two interviews cover Evan T. Hanks' experiences working on F-15s and F-16s.","This interview covers Alexis Hart experiences on board the USS Essex (LHD 2).","This interview covers Daryl Laninga's service in the United States Marine Corps through 2005.","This interview covers Mark G. Martin's career through 2006.","This interview covers Robert McMasters' naval career.","Transcript of interview with James M. Morgan, Jr., VMI Class of 1945. The interview covers Morgan's years during World War II at VMI and in the Army Enlisted Reserve Corps (ERC), recollections about graduate school work, and his early teaching career at VMI. The bulk of the discussion covers the years 1941 to 1957.","This interview covers Laura E. Niebel's United States Navy career up to 2007, including details about training and deployments.","This interview covers Eugene Ostlund's United States Navy career through 1965.","This interview covers Robert C. Peniston's time aboard the USS Savage, USS Tattnall, USS New Jersey, USS Albany, and the Presidential yacht Williamsburg.","This interview covers Mark D. Pistochini's experiences in Atsugi, Japan.","This interview covers Frederick C. Rody's 23 years of experience in United States Marine Corps aviation.","This interview covers Anthony Shea's United States Air Force career from 1985 to 2005.","This interview covers Dennis Stone's time in Germany and at the Arctic Test Center, Alaska.","This interview covers Robert W. Todd II's service on the USS George Washington (CVN 73).","This interview covers R. Kurt Zeppenfeld's experiences in Pusan, Korea."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eManuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may \nnot be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may \nnot be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_2ce191674c4046606b4ec4ac19b5f7f9\"\u003eManuscripts stacks\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Manuscripts stacks"],"names_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives","Virginia Military Institute. Adams Center for Military History","Virginia Military Institute. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering","Tracy, Lisa (Elizabeth Kilbourne)","Saxe, Ira N. (Ira Nelson), 1918-?","Smith, Robert P. (Robert Pemberton), 1919-2017","Richards, Walter L. (Walter Leland), 1919-","Miller, Charles B. (Charles Bruce)","Gottwald, Floyd D., Jr.","Smith, Jeffrey G., Sr.","Doss, James V.","Taylor, Arthur C., Jr. (Arthur Canning)","Matheis, Richard, A., ?-2015","Morgan, James M., Jr. (James Markus), 1923-2021","Spach, Jule C.","Eliason, William A.","Siebert, Harry J. (Harry John)","Layman, Thomas O. (Thomas Orville)","Gantt, Joseph I., Sr. (Joseph Isley)","Suter,  Bruce H.","Abbitt, Charles W.","Anthony, Eiland E.","Ashley, Maurice C., Jr. (Maurice Cavileer), 1925-2015","Boyd, John T.","Crane, George A., Jr.","Dischinger, Hugh C. (Hugh Charles), 1924-?","Esser, Jefferson R. C. (Jefferson Randolph Cary)","Geary, Paul X.","Gialanella, John A.","Massenburg, Edgar A.","Mills, William C.","Naill, John D., Jr., 1924-?","Newton, Russell B.","Patton, John M. (John Mercer), 1921-?","Siegel, Ralph","Smaw, Daniel G., III","Smothers, Robert C.","Williams, John P., 1922-?","Winter, William D.","Alvarez, Alfred A., 1924-","Andrews, Ernest A., 1923-?","Argenzio, Joseph L., 1927-?","Bachman, Charles D.","Barrett, John G. (John Gilchrist), 1921-2013","Bodkin, Hobert","Brooks, Charles","Brown, Fred, 1923-?","Burnette, Guy B. (Guy Berry), 1921-?","Caulkins, Stanley","Cheatham, Robert L., Jr.","Clark, Allen E. (Allen Eugene), 1924-?","Cleckler, Glen","Collier, William H. (William Hurle)","Cousart, Cyril G.","Cowan, Chalmer E., 1919-?","Cvengros, George E., 1923-1985","Cvengros, David","Dazzo, Joseph O.","DeSantis, Nathan, 1921-?","Dexter, Robert F. (Robert Fred), 1925-?","Dixon, Mark R.","Duncan, Walter M., Sr., 1920-?","Dunfee, Howard","Evans, Allen D.","Fair, Robert R., 1925-?","Farmer, William C., 1926-?","Feightner, Edward L.","Funkhouser, William","Furman, Donald E., 1913-?","George, Roy, 1927-?","Haggerty, Frank J.","Halloran, R. \"Hap\"","Halsey, John S. (John Selden)","Harper, R. Marlowe","Holzman, Jerome","Howard, William, 1919-?","Irby, John P., III (John Poindexter), 1922-?","Jenkins, Carl F.","Kershaw, John R., 1925-?","King, Frank E., 1922-?","King, Jerome H., Jr.","Kinter, Edmund B.","Lawton, Leonard G., 1919-?","Luikart , Walter, 1925-?","Lypka, Demetrius, 1918-?","Marsh, Alexander","McKinney, Charles H., 1920-?","Michnewich, Alexander, 1923-?","Moberg, Robert, 1921-?","Muir, Malcolm, Sr., 1914-?","Murray, Wilma","Naughton, James B., 1926-?","Nicely, Guy C., Jr.","Noble, Edwin A., 1922-2013","Perna, Anthony J. (Anthony Joseph)","Porter, George, 1921-?","Proffitt, Carl D.","Quarles, Julian M., Jr., 1917-?","Rathmell, Richard, 1925?-?","Reagan, Emmett F., 1924-?","Remaly, John M.","Repke, William","Riley, Charles A. (Charles Andrew), 1926-?","Rupe, Kenneth D., 1919-?","Ryan, Edward A.","Sams, Robert","Schilling, Luther J., 1926-?","Schintzel, Arthur, 1922-?","Shaeff, Charles B.","Shreffler, Gale O., 1924-?","St. Clair, Alfred, 1918-?","Stewart, Philip O.","Talbot, Jack","Tarkenton, Samuel","Tompkins, George J., Jr. (George Johnson)","Vaughan, Meeks B., 1919-?","Wills, William H., 1919-?","Wilson, Tyson, 1918-?","Badgett, William D., ?-2020","Belt, Ovid","Fox, Wesley L.","Good, Vernon A.","Johnson, Raymond A.","Kovac, Joseph W., 1930?-","Lewane, Leonard L.","McKellar, Charles W.","Penn, Bill R. (Bill Rivers)","Ackroyd-Kelly, Ian H. (Ian Howard), 1944-","Bland, Robert T. , III (Robert Tyler), 1943-","Burton, Michael D. (Michael Davies), 1944-","Walters, John , A. (John Arthur), 1944-","Charrington, Peter R. (Peter Randolph), 1943-","Creekmore, Oliver D. (Oliver David), 1944-","Crittsinger, Clifford A. (Clifford Andrew), 1941-","Edmunds, William W., Jr. (William Wilson), 1944-","Gesker, Joseph M. (Joseph Mitchell), 1944-","Gray, Thomas W. (Thomas Wayne), 1944-","Harrel, Thomas H., Jr. (Thomas Howard), 1944-","Hoskot, Nathaniel R., Jr. (Nathaniel Ramsey), 1943-","Hines, Edwin Y. (Edwin Yarbrough)","Kiernan, David R. (David Richard)","Lloyd, Howard M., Jr. (Howard Marshall), 1944-","McClure, William G., III (William Granville), 1944-","Monteverde, Miguel E. (Miguel Enrique), 1944-","Odom, John R., III (John Robert), 1945-","Pinkus, David R. (David Ralph), 1944-","Reifsnider, Lawrence C. (Lawrence Clark), 1944-","Ritchie, Robin P. (Robin Polk), 1943-","Robblee, Paul A., Jr. (Paul Ashworth), 1944-","Rowe, John L., Jr. (John Louis), 1944-","Sadler, Woodson A., Jr. (Woodson Alexander), 1944-","Caldwell, Jesse W. (Jesse Walters), 1901-?","Saville, Dale W. (Dale William), 1944-","Smith, James R., Jr. (James Russell), 1944-","Szymanski, James G. (James George), 1945-","Turner, John M. (John McLeod)","Urmston, Randolph W., 1944-","Wagner, Paul A. (Paul Allyn), 1944-","Williams, Duane E. (Duane Edward), 1944-","Williams, James R. (James Richard), 1944-","Young, Geoffrey R. (Geoffrey Reynolds), 1944-","Allison, Terry G.","Bissell, Norman M. (Norman Michael), 1938-2019","Boese, Lawrence E.","Bozeman, Michael L.","Brooke, George M., III","Bryant, Bayes L., 1948-?","Burger, Lloyd C.","Burgess, Leland H.","Cayo, Richard F., 1934-","Dabney, William H. (William Howard), 1934-2012","Dailey, Charles L.","Davis, Terry J., 1946-","Dewald, Lee S.","DiMartino, Blaise S.","Duncan, Floyd H.","Erchul, Ronald A. (Ronald Anton), 1938-2011","Farrell, Alan F., 1945-","Flanagan, William J.","Gardner, Robert L.","Grady, William","Turner, Thomas","Hooker, Arbury D. (Arbury Daryl)","Hudson, Robert M.","Jones, William C.","Jumper, John P. (John Phillip), 1945-","Kosh, Ronald W.","Krumwiede, Jerold L.","Livington, James E.","Maini, Paul B.","Marshall, Richard C., Jr. (Richard Coke)","Miller, John G.","Miller, Richard S., 1939-","Moriarty, William","Mosher, Jeffrey H., 1952?-","Ohmer, John","Rahn, Wesley I.","Ray, Ronald, 1942-","Ricks, William R.","Ripley, John W.","Rosinski, Joseph E.","Rud, Gilman","Saunders, William P.","Thieme, Glenn A., 1931-","Todd, Thomas D.","Treadwell, James R., 1952-","Turner, Blair P., 1947-","Yedinak, Steven M.","Yusi, Frank","Zinni, Anthony C. (Anthony Charles), 1943-","Amato, Steven L.","Andrews, William F., 1958-2015","Carver, Jim","Heely, Timothy","Kyser, James G.","Litz, Charles H.","Magno, Thomas A.","McElhannon, Timothy S. (Timothy Sean)","Peay, J. H. Binford, III, 1940-","Quisenberry, Brian L.","Cook, Robert J. (Robert James)","Craig, Steven","Bissell, Gary A.","Bither, William","Brashears, Thomas A.","Churchill, Robert","Crespo, Jose L., 1980-","Daniel, Tim","Diorio, Frank, 1973-","Drake, Jon A.","Johnson, Michael","Kimsey, Benjamin","Suydam, Phillip A.","Wicker, James G.","Young, Patrick M.","Anderson, Keith R.","Arendes, Thomas P.","Baity, Kenneth W., 1959-","Bissell, Brandon A.","Bissell, Marti J.","Brower, Charles F., IV","Brown, Kenneth R. (Kenneth Randolph)","Buckles, Frank W. (Frank Woodruff), 1901-2011","Day, Steven E.","Eicher, James","Ferguson, Steven V.","Friedensen, Victoria P.","Gober, John D.","Gorman, Paul F.","Reagan, Ronald, 1911-2004","Grace, William R., 1959-","Gray, Chris","Hafkemeyer, George F.","Hanks, Evan T.","Hart, Alexis","Hill, Maurice B., Jr.","Gallahan, Maxwell R.","Holt, Donald B.","Honsinger, Vernon C.","Hottle, Rodney A.","Johnson, Reed","Kowalczyk, Kristopher G., 1982-","Laninga, Daryl","Leugers , Jerome","Martin, Mark G.","McMasters, Robert","McMullen, Robert P., 1981-","Moncure, Thomas B., 1950?-","Dittrich, James F.","Neel, John L.","Niebel, Laura E.","Ostlund, Eugene","Overstreet, Valerie","Patchin, Stephen D., 1940-","Peniston, Robert C.","Pistochini, Mark D.","Rivers, Russell","Rody, Frederick C.","Rutherford, William B. (William Bruce)","Schmoll , Ross","Shea, Anthony","Smith, Jared","Stone, Dennis","Todd, Robert W., II (Robert Walston)","Tubbs, James O.","Turnnidge, Colin S., II, 1961-","Van Ness , Darrell G.","Wade, Clifford L. J., 1954-","Zeppenfeld, R. Kurt"],"corpname_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives","Virginia Military Institute. Adams Center for Military History","Virginia Military Institute. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering"],"persname_ssim":["Tracy, Lisa (Elizabeth Kilbourne)","Saxe, Ira N. (Ira Nelson), 1918-?","Smith, Robert P. (Robert Pemberton), 1919-2017","Richards, Walter L. (Walter Leland), 1919-","Miller, Charles B. (Charles Bruce)","Gottwald, Floyd D., Jr.","Smith, Jeffrey G., Sr.","Doss, James V.","Taylor, Arthur C., Jr. (Arthur Canning)","Matheis, Richard, A., ?-2015","Morgan, James M., Jr. (James Markus), 1923-2021","Spach, Jule C.","Eliason, William A.","Siebert, Harry J. (Harry John)","Layman, Thomas O. 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(William Hurle)","Cousart, Cyril G.","Cowan, Chalmer E., 1919-?","Cvengros, George E., 1923-1985","Cvengros, David","Dazzo, Joseph O.","DeSantis, Nathan, 1921-?","Dexter, Robert F. (Robert Fred), 1925-?","Dixon, Mark R.","Duncan, Walter M., Sr., 1920-?","Dunfee, Howard","Evans, Allen D.","Fair, Robert R., 1925-?","Farmer, William C., 1926-?","Feightner, Edward L.","Funkhouser, William","Furman, Donald E., 1913-?","George, Roy, 1927-?","Haggerty, Frank J.","Halloran, R. \"Hap\"","Halsey, John S. (John Selden)","Harper, R. Marlowe","Holzman, Jerome","Howard, William, 1919-?","Irby, John P., III (John Poindexter), 1922-?","Jenkins, Carl F.","Kershaw, John R., 1925-?","King, Frank E., 1922-?","King, Jerome H., Jr.","Kinter, Edmund B.","Lawton, Leonard G., 1919-?","Luikart , Walter, 1925-?","Lypka, Demetrius, 1918-?","Marsh, Alexander","McKinney, Charles H., 1920-?","Michnewich, Alexander, 1923-?","Moberg, Robert, 1921-?","Muir, Malcolm, Sr., 1914-?","Murray, Wilma","Naughton, James B., 1926-?","Nicely, Guy C., Jr.","Noble, Edwin A., 1922-2013","Perna, Anthony J. (Anthony Joseph)","Porter, George, 1921-?","Proffitt, Carl D.","Quarles, Julian M., Jr., 1917-?","Rathmell, Richard, 1925?-?","Reagan, Emmett F., 1924-?","Remaly, John M.","Repke, William","Riley, Charles A. (Charles Andrew), 1926-?","Rupe, Kenneth D., 1919-?","Ryan, Edward A.","Sams, Robert","Schilling, Luther J., 1926-?","Schintzel, Arthur, 1922-?","Shaeff, Charles B.","Shreffler, Gale O., 1924-?","St. Clair, Alfred, 1918-?","Stewart, Philip O.","Talbot, Jack","Tarkenton, Samuel","Tompkins, George J., Jr. (George Johnson)","Vaughan, Meeks B., 1919-?","Wills, William H., 1919-?","Wilson, Tyson, 1918-?","Badgett, William D., ?-2020","Belt, Ovid","Fox, Wesley L.","Good, Vernon A.","Johnson, Raymond A.","Kovac, Joseph W., 1930?-","Lewane, Leonard L.","McKellar, Charles W.","Penn, Bill R. (Bill Rivers)","Ackroyd-Kelly, Ian H. (Ian Howard), 1944-","Bland, Robert T. , III (Robert Tyler), 1943-","Burton, Michael D. (Michael Davies), 1944-","Walters, John , A. (John Arthur), 1944-","Charrington, Peter R. (Peter Randolph), 1943-","Creekmore, Oliver D. (Oliver David), 1944-","Crittsinger, Clifford A. (Clifford Andrew), 1941-","Edmunds, William W., Jr. (William Wilson), 1944-","Gesker, Joseph M. 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(Robert James)","Craig, Steven","Bissell, Gary A.","Bither, William","Brashears, Thomas A.","Churchill, Robert","Crespo, Jose L., 1980-","Daniel, Tim","Diorio, Frank, 1973-","Drake, Jon A.","Johnson, Michael","Kimsey, Benjamin","Suydam, Phillip A.","Wicker, James G.","Young, Patrick M.","Anderson, Keith R.","Arendes, Thomas P.","Baity, Kenneth W., 1959-","Bissell, Brandon A.","Bissell, Marti J.","Brower, Charles F., IV","Brown, Kenneth R. (Kenneth Randolph)","Buckles, Frank W. (Frank Woodruff), 1901-2011","Day, Steven E.","Eicher, James","Ferguson, Steven V.","Friedensen, Victoria P.","Gober, John D.","Gorman, Paul F.","Reagan, Ronald, 1911-2004","Grace, William R., 1959-","Gray, Chris","Hafkemeyer, George F.","Hanks, Evan T.","Hart, Alexis","Hill, Maurice B., Jr.","Gallahan, Maxwell R.","Holt, Donald B.","Honsinger, Vernon C.","Hottle, Rodney A.","Johnson, Reed","Kowalczyk, Kristopher G., 1982-","Laninga, Daryl","Leugers , Jerome","Martin, Mark G.","McMasters, Robert","McMullen, Robert P., 1981-","Moncure, Thomas B., 1950?-","Dittrich, James F.","Neel, John L.","Niebel, Laura E.","Ostlund, Eugene","Overstreet, Valerie","Patchin, Stephen D., 1940-","Peniston, Robert C.","Pistochini, Mark D.","Rivers, Russell","Rody, Frederick C.","Rutherford, William B. (William Bruce)","Schmoll , Ross","Shea, Anthony","Smith, Jared","Stone, Dennis","Todd, Robert W., II (Robert Walston)","Tubbs, James O.","Turnnidge, Colin S., II, 1961-","Van Ness , Darrell G.","Wade, Clifford L. J., 1954-","Zeppenfeld, R. Kurt"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":256,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:11:07.355Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_766_c03_c01_c04"}},{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_594_c07_c14","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Crystal Theodore Scholarship Award","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_594_c07_c14#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_594_c07_c14","ref_ssm":["vihart_repositories_4_resources_594_c07_c14"],"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_594_c07_c14","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_594","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_594","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_594_c07","parent_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_594_c07","parent_ssim":["vihart_repositories_4_resources_594","vihart_repositories_4_resources_594_c07"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vihart_repositories_4_resources_594","vihart_repositories_4_resources_594_c07"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["American Association of University Women (AAUW) Records, Harrisonburg, Virginia Branch","2025-0909 Accession"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["American Association of University Women (AAUW) Records, Harrisonburg, Virginia Branch","2025-0909 Accession"],"text":["American Association of University Women (AAUW) Records, Harrisonburg, Virginia Branch","2025-0909 Accession","Crystal Theodore Scholarship Award","box 28","folder 12"],"title_filing_ssi":"Crystal Theodore Scholarship Award","title_ssm":["Crystal Theodore Scholarship Award"],"title_tesim":["Crystal Theodore Scholarship Award"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["2010-2023"],"normalized_date_ssm":["2010/2023"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Crystal Theodore Scholarship Award"],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"collection_ssim":["American Association of University Women (AAUW) Records, Harrisonburg, Virginia Branch"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":290,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection is open to research with the exception of media for which reformatting is pending. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"date_range_isim":[2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018,2019,2020,2021,2022,2023],"containers_ssim":["box 28","folder 12"],"_nest_path_":"/components#6/components#13","timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:23:04.783Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_594","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_594","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_594","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_594","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_594.xml","title_ssm":["American Association of University Women (AAUW) Records, Harrisonburg, Virginia Branch"],"title_tesim":["American Association of University Women (AAUW) Records, Harrisonburg, Virginia Branch"],"unitdate_ssm":["1929-2025"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1929-2025"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0211","/repositories/4/resources/594"],"text":["SC 0211","/repositories/4/resources/594","American Association of University Women (AAUW) Records, Harrisonburg, Virginia Branch","Women college graduates -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- Societies, etc","Women in education -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","Women -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- Societies and clubs","Minutes (administrative records)","Administrative records","Bylaws (administrative records)","Scrapbooks","Financial Records","Membership lists","Newspaper clippings","Letters (correspondence)","Publications (documents)","Photographs","Newsletters","Printed Ephemera","Fliers (printed matter)","Collection is open to research with the exception of media for which reformatting is pending. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison Special Collections Library to use this collection.","Original media formats are restricted from access. Reformatted access copies may be available, or media reformatting may be available upon request. Contact research services staff at library-special@jmu.edu for additional information.","The scrapbook pages have been photocopied and are available alongside the original.","The collection is arranged into seven series:","Administrative Files, 1929-2015 Financial Files, 1969-2007 Causes, Activism, and Education, 1965-2008 Publications, 1968-2011 Conventions and Programming, 1968-2017 Scrapbooks, Photographs, and Ephemera, 1929-2011 2025-0909 Accession, 1979-2025","\"Our History.\" American Association of University Women, https://history.aauw.org/ (accessed September 19, 2019).","The American Association of University Women (AAUW) was founded on November 28, 1881 when Marion Talbot and Ellen Richards met in Boston, Massachusetts along with 15 alumnae representing eight colleges. The aim of this first meeting was to discuss the needs of college-educated women and to broaden opportunities and assist women in higher education. The organization is nonpartisan and nonprofit with more than 170,000 members. The mission of AAUW is \"to advance gender equity for women through research, education, and advocacy.\" Membership in AAUW is open to anyone holding a two-year associate degree or higher from an accredited college or university, or equivalent. ","The Harrisonburg branch of AAUW was founded on April 15, 1929 in Alumnae Hall on the campus of the State Teachers College at Harrisonburg (now James Madison University). The branch was organized with 15 charter members including Virginia Harnsberger, librarian at the State Teachers College, who was elected its first president. During the 1940s, the branch established and provided continued support for the Virginia Harnsberger Memorial Fund to furnish the Children's Room at the new Rockingham Public Library. In addition to membership dues, the recipe book  Recipes of the Shenandoah Valley , first published in 1959, served as a primary funding source for branch activities and outreach. Since 1975, the branch has held regular book club meetings. Current branch initiatives include equal rights and equal pay advocacy as well as voter registration. In partnership with JMU, the branch organizes \"Girls Can,\" an annual STEM conference and career fair for middle school girls.","The Harrisonburg branch of AAUW officially disbanded on July 1, 2025.","In order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in 2017-2019.  This collection was previously cataloged as SC 5036.","During this time, the collection was also reprocessed in order to simplify the intellectual arrangement, increase discoverability through better description, and better stabilize  the materials through physical rehousing. Significant changes to the collection include the weeding of bank statements, canceled checks and check stubs, receipts, and deposit slips. Their research value is minimal and furthermore the financial activities of AAUW are documented in the bound account books and membership files which were retained. Additionally, duplicate materials, primarily multiple copies of newsletters and publications, were also discarded.","Loose copies of the Harrisonburg Branch Yearbook and branch newsletters, originally associated with the 1929-1947 scrapbook, were filed with like materials in Series 1 and Series 4 respectively.","When the collection was originally processed in September 2012, the pages of the 1929-1947 scrapbook were separated from the boards and photocopied. The original scrapbook, boards, pages, and photocopied pages are all retained.","The American Association of University Women (AAUW) Records, Harrisonburg, Virginia Branch, 1929-2017, document the activities of Harrisonburg's local AAUW branch and include administrative records, meeting minutes, bylaws, membership records, financial files, publications and newsletters, annual conference materials, scrapbooks, ephemera, and photographs.","Researchers should note that while there is a discrete series for Financial Files, other series, specifically Administrative Files, also contain documents related to the financial goings-on of AAUW. Cross-referencing related series is encouraged. Similarly, the absence of a Correspondence series does not denote a lack of correspondence. In fact, correspondence is likely located in most series.","Series 1: Administrative Files, 1929-2015, comprises bylaws, meeting minutes, membership files, and general materials related to the administrative activities of the Harrisonburg branch of AAUW. Materials related to other branches, specifically bylaws, are also included.","Series 2: Financial Files, 1969-2007, documents the business activities of the AAUW, Harrisonburg branch. The account books document the branch's income and expenses. Complementary materials include financial statements and reports, budgets, and treasurer's reports.","Series 3: Causes, Activism, and Education, 1965-2008, comprises subject files related to the mission of AAUW, particularly concerning social movements, education, and voting rights.","Series 4: Publications, 1968-2011, contains official publications and printed material primarily created by AAUW as well as the Harrisonburg branch, other local branches, and the Virginia division. ","The Harrisonburg Branch newsletter has had several title changes during the course of its publication. The titles represented in this collection include: \"U\" News, AAUW Newsletter, AAUW News, and The Inside Track. There are periods of time during which the newsletter does not have a discernable title. In the spirit of keeping like materials together, all branch newsletters, regardless of title, are filed under the generic title \"Newsletters.\" ","This series also includes publications explicitly related to causes, activism, and education. Relatedly, regularly published periodicals by AAUW also include articles related to the organization's causes. Researchers are encouraged to cross-reference Series 3: Causes, Activism, and Education for related subject files.","Series 5: Conventions and Programming, 1968-2017, comprises programs and related materials documenting the annual Virginia AAUW convention. The Harrisonburg branch's implementation of \"Girls Can,\" a STEM career fair, is documented in this series. This series also includes assorted programming and promotional materials and flyers.","Series 6: Scrapbooks, Photographs, and Ephemera, 1929-2011, comprises five scrapbooks, photo albums and loose photographs, printed ephemera, and realia. The scrapbooks include newspaper clippings, ephemera, programs, and photographs documenting the activities of the AAUW, Harrisonburg branch during a given time period. Of particular interest is a sash including the phrase \"MARCH FOR WOMEN'S EQUALITY, WOMEN'S LIVES.\"","Series 7: 2025-0909 Accession, 1979-2025, comprises assorted administrative records documenting the activities of the Harrisonburg branch of AAUW. Materials include newsletters, yearbooks, conference programs, newspaper clippings, and records related to branch initiatives including the Equal Rights Amendment, the Crystal Theodore Scholarship, and other philanthropic endeavors.","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The American Association of University Women (AAUW) Records, Harrisonburg, Virginia Branch document the activities of Harrisonburg's local AAUW branch and include administrative records, financial files, publications, annual conference materials, scrapbooks, and photographs.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","American Association of University Women. Harrisonburg Branch","American Association of University Women. Harrisonburg Branch -- Archives","American Association of University Women. Harrisonburg Branch -- History","American Association of University Women. Virginia Division -- History","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0211","/repositories/4/resources/594"],"normalized_title_ssm":["American Association of University Women (AAUW) Records, Harrisonburg, Virginia Branch"],"collection_title_tesim":["American Association of University Women (AAUW) Records, Harrisonburg, Virginia Branch"],"collection_ssim":["American Association of University Women (AAUW) Records, Harrisonburg, Virginia Branch"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"creator_ssm":["American Association of University Women. Harrisonburg Branch"],"creator_ssim":["American Association of University Women. Harrisonburg Branch"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["American Association of University Women. Harrisonburg Branch"],"creators_ssim":["American Association of University Women. Harrisonburg Branch"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The collection was donated in five separate accessions between 2011 and 2025."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Women college graduates -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- Societies, etc","Women in education -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","Women -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- Societies and clubs","Minutes (administrative records)","Administrative records","Bylaws (administrative records)","Scrapbooks","Financial Records","Membership lists","Newspaper clippings","Letters (correspondence)","Publications (documents)","Photographs","Newsletters","Printed Ephemera","Fliers (printed matter)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Women college graduates -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- Societies, etc","Women in education -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","Women -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- Societies and clubs","Minutes (administrative records)","Administrative records","Bylaws (administrative records)","Scrapbooks","Financial Records","Membership lists","Newspaper clippings","Letters (correspondence)","Publications (documents)","Photographs","Newsletters","Printed Ephemera","Fliers (printed matter)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["9.89 cubic feet 29 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["9.89 cubic feet 29 boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["Minutes (administrative records)","Administrative records","Bylaws (administrative records)","Scrapbooks","Financial Records","Membership lists","Newspaper clippings","Letters (correspondence)","Publications (documents)","Photographs","Newsletters","Printed Ephemera","Fliers (printed matter)"],"date_range_isim":[1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018,2019,2020,2021,2022,2023,2024,2025],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to research with the exception of media for which reformatting is pending. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOriginal media formats are restricted from access. Reformatted access copies may be available, or media reformatting may be available upon request. Contact research services staff at library-special@jmu.edu for additional information.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions","Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to research with the exception of media for which reformatting is pending. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison Special Collections Library to use this collection.","Original media formats are restricted from access. Reformatted access copies may be available, or media reformatting may be available upon request. Contact research services staff at library-special@jmu.edu for additional information."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe scrapbook pages have been photocopied and are available alongside the original.\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Other Formats Available"],"altformavail_tesim":["The scrapbook pages have been photocopied and are available alongside the original."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged into seven series:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003clist numeration=\"arabic\" type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eAdministrative Files, 1929-2015\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eFinancial Files, 1969-2007\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eCauses, Activism, and Education, 1965-2008\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003ePublications, 1968-2011\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eConventions and Programming, 1968-2017\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eScrapbooks, Photographs, and Ephemera, 1929-2011\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e2025-0909 Accession, 1979-2025\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged into seven series:","Administrative Files, 1929-2015 Financial Files, 1969-2007 Causes, Activism, and Education, 1965-2008 Publications, 1968-2011 Conventions and Programming, 1968-2017 Scrapbooks, Photographs, and Ephemera, 1929-2011 2025-0909 Accession, 1979-2025"],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cbibref\u003e\"Our History.\" American Association of University Women, https://history.aauw.org/ (accessed September 19, 2019).\u003c/bibref\u003e"],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["\"Our History.\" American Association of University Women, https://history.aauw.org/ (accessed September 19, 2019)."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe American Association of University Women (AAUW) was founded on November 28, 1881 when Marion Talbot and Ellen Richards met in Boston, Massachusetts along with 15 alumnae representing eight colleges. The aim of this first meeting was to discuss the needs of college-educated women and to broaden opportunities and assist women in higher education. The organization is nonpartisan and nonprofit with more than 170,000 members. The mission of AAUW is \"to advance gender equity for women through research, education, and advocacy.\" Membership in AAUW is open to anyone holding a two-year associate degree or higher from an accredited college or university, or equivalent. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Harrisonburg branch of AAUW was founded on April 15, 1929 in Alumnae Hall on the campus of the State Teachers College at Harrisonburg (now James Madison University). The branch was organized with 15 charter members including Virginia Harnsberger, librarian at the State Teachers College, who was elected its first president. During the 1940s, the branch established and provided continued support for the Virginia Harnsberger Memorial Fund to furnish the Children's Room at the new Rockingham Public Library. In addition to membership dues, the recipe book \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eRecipes of the Shenandoah Valley\u003c/emph\u003e, first published in 1959, served as a primary funding source for branch activities and outreach. Since 1975, the branch has held regular book club meetings. Current branch initiatives include equal rights and equal pay advocacy as well as voter registration. In partnership with JMU, the branch organizes \"Girls Can,\" an annual STEM conference and career fair for middle school girls.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Harrisonburg branch of AAUW officially disbanded on July 1, 2025.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Administrative History"],"bioghist_tesim":["The American Association of University Women (AAUW) was founded on November 28, 1881 when Marion Talbot and Ellen Richards met in Boston, Massachusetts along with 15 alumnae representing eight colleges. The aim of this first meeting was to discuss the needs of college-educated women and to broaden opportunities and assist women in higher education. The organization is nonpartisan and nonprofit with more than 170,000 members. The mission of AAUW is \"to advance gender equity for women through research, education, and advocacy.\" Membership in AAUW is open to anyone holding a two-year associate degree or higher from an accredited college or university, or equivalent. ","The Harrisonburg branch of AAUW was founded on April 15, 1929 in Alumnae Hall on the campus of the State Teachers College at Harrisonburg (now James Madison University). The branch was organized with 15 charter members including Virginia Harnsberger, librarian at the State Teachers College, who was elected its first president. During the 1940s, the branch established and provided continued support for the Virginia Harnsberger Memorial Fund to furnish the Children's Room at the new Rockingham Public Library. In addition to membership dues, the recipe book  Recipes of the Shenandoah Valley , first published in 1959, served as a primary funding source for branch activities and outreach. Since 1975, the branch has held regular book club meetings. Current branch initiatives include equal rights and equal pay advocacy as well as voter registration. In partnership with JMU, the branch organizes \"Girls Can,\" an annual STEM conference and career fair for middle school girls.","The Harrisonburg branch of AAUW officially disbanded on July 1, 2025."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box #, folder #], American Association of University Women (AAUW) Records, Harrisonburg, Virginia Branch, 1929-2025, SC 0211, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box #, folder #], American Association of University Women (AAUW) Records, Harrisonburg, Virginia Branch, 1929-2025, SC 0211, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in 2017-2019. \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eThis collection was previously cataloged as SC 5036.\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring this time, the collection was also reprocessed in order to simplify the intellectual arrangement, increase discoverability through better description, and better stabilize  the materials through physical rehousing. Significant changes to the collection include the weeding of bank statements, canceled checks and check stubs, receipts, and deposit slips. Their research value is minimal and furthermore the financial activities of AAUW are documented in the bound account books and membership files which were retained. Additionally, duplicate materials, primarily multiple copies of newsletters and publications, were also discarded.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLoose copies of the Harrisonburg Branch Yearbook and branch newsletters, originally associated with the 1929-1947 scrapbook, were filed with like materials in Series 1 and Series 4 respectively.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWhen the collection was originally processed in September 2012, the pages of the 1929-1947 scrapbook were separated from the boards and photocopied. The original scrapbook, boards, pages, and photocopied pages are all retained.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["In order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in 2017-2019.  This collection was previously cataloged as SC 5036.","During this time, the collection was also reprocessed in order to simplify the intellectual arrangement, increase discoverability through better description, and better stabilize  the materials through physical rehousing. Significant changes to the collection include the weeding of bank statements, canceled checks and check stubs, receipts, and deposit slips. Their research value is minimal and furthermore the financial activities of AAUW are documented in the bound account books and membership files which were retained. Additionally, duplicate materials, primarily multiple copies of newsletters and publications, were also discarded.","Loose copies of the Harrisonburg Branch Yearbook and branch newsletters, originally associated with the 1929-1947 scrapbook, were filed with like materials in Series 1 and Series 4 respectively.","When the collection was originally processed in September 2012, the pages of the 1929-1947 scrapbook were separated from the boards and photocopied. The original scrapbook, boards, pages, and photocopied pages are all retained."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe American Association of University Women (AAUW) Records, Harrisonburg, Virginia Branch, 1929-2017, document the activities of Harrisonburg's local AAUW branch and include administrative records, meeting minutes, bylaws, membership records, financial files, publications and newsletters, annual conference materials, scrapbooks, ephemera, and photographs.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eResearchers should note that while there is a discrete series for Financial Files, other series, specifically Administrative Files, also contain documents related to the financial goings-on of AAUW. Cross-referencing related series is encouraged. Similarly, the absence of a Correspondence series does not denote a lack of correspondence. In fact, correspondence is likely located in most series.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1: Administrative Files, 1929-2015, comprises bylaws, meeting minutes, membership files, and general materials related to the administrative activities of the Harrisonburg branch of AAUW. Materials related to other branches, specifically bylaws, are also included.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2: Financial Files, 1969-2007, documents the business activities of the AAUW, Harrisonburg branch. The account books document the branch's income and expenses. Complementary materials include financial statements and reports, budgets, and treasurer's reports.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 3: Causes, Activism, and Education, 1965-2008, comprises subject files related to the mission of AAUW, particularly concerning social movements, education, and voting rights.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 4: Publications, 1968-2011, contains official publications and printed material primarily created by AAUW as well as the Harrisonburg branch, other local branches, and the Virginia division. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Harrisonburg Branch newsletter has had several title changes during the course of its publication. The titles represented in this collection include: \"U\" News, AAUW Newsletter, AAUW News, and The Inside Track. There are periods of time during which the newsletter does not have a discernable title. In the spirit of keeping like materials together, all branch newsletters, regardless of title, are filed under the generic title \"Newsletters.\" \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis series also includes publications explicitly related to causes, activism, and education. Relatedly, regularly published periodicals by AAUW also include articles related to the organization's causes. Researchers are encouraged to cross-reference Series 3: Causes, Activism, and Education for related subject files.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 5: Conventions and Programming, 1968-2017, comprises programs and related materials documenting the annual Virginia AAUW convention. The Harrisonburg branch's implementation of \"Girls Can,\" a STEM career fair, is documented in this series. This series also includes assorted programming and promotional materials and flyers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 6: Scrapbooks, Photographs, and Ephemera, 1929-2011, comprises five scrapbooks, photo albums and loose photographs, printed ephemera, and realia. The scrapbooks include newspaper clippings, ephemera, programs, and photographs documenting the activities of the AAUW, Harrisonburg branch during a given time period. Of particular interest is a sash including the phrase \"MARCH FOR WOMEN'S EQUALITY, WOMEN'S LIVES.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 7: 2025-0909 Accession, 1979-2025, comprises assorted administrative records documenting the activities of the Harrisonburg branch of AAUW. Materials include newsletters, yearbooks, conference programs, newspaper clippings, and records related to branch initiatives including the Equal Rights Amendment, the Crystal Theodore Scholarship, and other philanthropic endeavors.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The American Association of University Women (AAUW) Records, Harrisonburg, Virginia Branch, 1929-2017, document the activities of Harrisonburg's local AAUW branch and include administrative records, meeting minutes, bylaws, membership records, financial files, publications and newsletters, annual conference materials, scrapbooks, ephemera, and photographs.","Researchers should note that while there is a discrete series for Financial Files, other series, specifically Administrative Files, also contain documents related to the financial goings-on of AAUW. Cross-referencing related series is encouraged. Similarly, the absence of a Correspondence series does not denote a lack of correspondence. In fact, correspondence is likely located in most series.","Series 1: Administrative Files, 1929-2015, comprises bylaws, meeting minutes, membership files, and general materials related to the administrative activities of the Harrisonburg branch of AAUW. Materials related to other branches, specifically bylaws, are also included.","Series 2: Financial Files, 1969-2007, documents the business activities of the AAUW, Harrisonburg branch. The account books document the branch's income and expenses. Complementary materials include financial statements and reports, budgets, and treasurer's reports.","Series 3: Causes, Activism, and Education, 1965-2008, comprises subject files related to the mission of AAUW, particularly concerning social movements, education, and voting rights.","Series 4: Publications, 1968-2011, contains official publications and printed material primarily created by AAUW as well as the Harrisonburg branch, other local branches, and the Virginia division. ","The Harrisonburg Branch newsletter has had several title changes during the course of its publication. The titles represented in this collection include: \"U\" News, AAUW Newsletter, AAUW News, and The Inside Track. There are periods of time during which the newsletter does not have a discernable title. In the spirit of keeping like materials together, all branch newsletters, regardless of title, are filed under the generic title \"Newsletters.\" ","This series also includes publications explicitly related to causes, activism, and education. Relatedly, regularly published periodicals by AAUW also include articles related to the organization's causes. Researchers are encouraged to cross-reference Series 3: Causes, Activism, and Education for related subject files.","Series 5: Conventions and Programming, 1968-2017, comprises programs and related materials documenting the annual Virginia AAUW convention. The Harrisonburg branch's implementation of \"Girls Can,\" a STEM career fair, is documented in this series. This series also includes assorted programming and promotional materials and flyers.","Series 6: Scrapbooks, Photographs, and Ephemera, 1929-2011, comprises five scrapbooks, photo albums and loose photographs, printed ephemera, and realia. The scrapbooks include newspaper clippings, ephemera, programs, and photographs documenting the activities of the AAUW, Harrisonburg branch during a given time period. Of particular interest is a sash including the phrase \"MARCH FOR WOMEN'S EQUALITY, WOMEN'S LIVES.\"","Series 7: 2025-0909 Accession, 1979-2025, comprises assorted administrative records documenting the activities of the Harrisonburg branch of AAUW. Materials include newsletters, yearbooks, conference programs, newspaper clippings, and records related to branch initiatives including the Equal Rights Amendment, the Crystal Theodore Scholarship, and other philanthropic endeavors."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_a851f3b5686ab7d4771a1162809cbb0b\"\u003eThe American Association of University Women (AAUW) Records, Harrisonburg, Virginia Branch document the activities of Harrisonburg's local AAUW branch and include administrative records, financial files, publications, annual conference materials, scrapbooks, and photographs.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The American Association of University Women (AAUW) Records, Harrisonburg, Virginia Branch document the activities of Harrisonburg's local AAUW branch and include administrative records, financial files, publications, annual conference materials, scrapbooks, and photographs."],"names_coll_ssim":["American Association of University Women. Harrisonburg Branch -- Archives","American Association of University Women. Harrisonburg Branch -- History","American Association of University Women. Virginia Division -- History"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","American Association of University Women. Harrisonburg Branch","American Association of University Women. Harrisonburg Branch -- Archives","American Association of University Women. Harrisonburg Branch -- History","American Association of University Women. Virginia Division -- History"],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","American Association of University Women. Harrisonburg Branch","American Association of University Women. Harrisonburg Branch -- Archives","American Association of University Women. Harrisonburg Branch -- History","American Association of University Women. Virginia Division -- History"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":302,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:23:04.783Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_594_c07_c14"}},{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_594_c07_c12","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Crystal Theodore's will","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_594_c07_c12#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_594_c07_c12","ref_ssm":["vihart_repositories_4_resources_594_c07_c12"],"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_594_c07_c12","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_594","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_594","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_594_c07","parent_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_594_c07","parent_ssim":["vihart_repositories_4_resources_594","vihart_repositories_4_resources_594_c07"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vihart_repositories_4_resources_594","vihart_repositories_4_resources_594_c07"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["American Association of University Women (AAUW) Records, Harrisonburg, Virginia Branch","2025-0909 Accession"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["American Association of University Women (AAUW) Records, Harrisonburg, Virginia Branch","2025-0909 Accession"],"text":["American Association of University Women (AAUW) Records, Harrisonburg, Virginia Branch","2025-0909 Accession","Crystal Theodore's will","box 28","folder 10"],"title_filing_ssi":"Crystal Theodore's will","title_ssm":["Crystal Theodore's will"],"title_tesim":["Crystal Theodore's will"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["2008-2025"],"normalized_date_ssm":["2008/2025"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Crystal Theodore's will"],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"collection_ssim":["American Association of University Women (AAUW) Records, Harrisonburg, Virginia Branch"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":288,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection is open to research with the exception of media for which reformatting is pending. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"date_range_isim":[2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018,2019,2020,2021,2022,2023,2024,2025],"containers_ssim":["box 28","folder 10"],"_nest_path_":"/components#6/components#11","timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:23:04.783Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_594","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_594","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_594","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_594","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_594.xml","title_ssm":["American Association of University Women (AAUW) Records, Harrisonburg, Virginia Branch"],"title_tesim":["American Association of University Women (AAUW) Records, Harrisonburg, Virginia Branch"],"unitdate_ssm":["1929-2025"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1929-2025"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0211","/repositories/4/resources/594"],"text":["SC 0211","/repositories/4/resources/594","American Association of University Women (AAUW) Records, Harrisonburg, Virginia Branch","Women college graduates -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- Societies, etc","Women in education -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","Women -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- Societies and clubs","Minutes (administrative records)","Administrative records","Bylaws (administrative records)","Scrapbooks","Financial Records","Membership lists","Newspaper clippings","Letters (correspondence)","Publications (documents)","Photographs","Newsletters","Printed Ephemera","Fliers (printed matter)","Collection is open to research with the exception of media for which reformatting is pending. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison Special Collections Library to use this collection.","Original media formats are restricted from access. Reformatted access copies may be available, or media reformatting may be available upon request. Contact research services staff at library-special@jmu.edu for additional information.","The scrapbook pages have been photocopied and are available alongside the original.","The collection is arranged into seven series:","Administrative Files, 1929-2015 Financial Files, 1969-2007 Causes, Activism, and Education, 1965-2008 Publications, 1968-2011 Conventions and Programming, 1968-2017 Scrapbooks, Photographs, and Ephemera, 1929-2011 2025-0909 Accession, 1979-2025","\"Our History.\" American Association of University Women, https://history.aauw.org/ (accessed September 19, 2019).","The American Association of University Women (AAUW) was founded on November 28, 1881 when Marion Talbot and Ellen Richards met in Boston, Massachusetts along with 15 alumnae representing eight colleges. The aim of this first meeting was to discuss the needs of college-educated women and to broaden opportunities and assist women in higher education. The organization is nonpartisan and nonprofit with more than 170,000 members. The mission of AAUW is \"to advance gender equity for women through research, education, and advocacy.\" Membership in AAUW is open to anyone holding a two-year associate degree or higher from an accredited college or university, or equivalent. ","The Harrisonburg branch of AAUW was founded on April 15, 1929 in Alumnae Hall on the campus of the State Teachers College at Harrisonburg (now James Madison University). The branch was organized with 15 charter members including Virginia Harnsberger, librarian at the State Teachers College, who was elected its first president. During the 1940s, the branch established and provided continued support for the Virginia Harnsberger Memorial Fund to furnish the Children's Room at the new Rockingham Public Library. In addition to membership dues, the recipe book  Recipes of the Shenandoah Valley , first published in 1959, served as a primary funding source for branch activities and outreach. Since 1975, the branch has held regular book club meetings. Current branch initiatives include equal rights and equal pay advocacy as well as voter registration. In partnership with JMU, the branch organizes \"Girls Can,\" an annual STEM conference and career fair for middle school girls.","The Harrisonburg branch of AAUW officially disbanded on July 1, 2025.","In order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in 2017-2019.  This collection was previously cataloged as SC 5036.","During this time, the collection was also reprocessed in order to simplify the intellectual arrangement, increase discoverability through better description, and better stabilize  the materials through physical rehousing. Significant changes to the collection include the weeding of bank statements, canceled checks and check stubs, receipts, and deposit slips. Their research value is minimal and furthermore the financial activities of AAUW are documented in the bound account books and membership files which were retained. Additionally, duplicate materials, primarily multiple copies of newsletters and publications, were also discarded.","Loose copies of the Harrisonburg Branch Yearbook and branch newsletters, originally associated with the 1929-1947 scrapbook, were filed with like materials in Series 1 and Series 4 respectively.","When the collection was originally processed in September 2012, the pages of the 1929-1947 scrapbook were separated from the boards and photocopied. The original scrapbook, boards, pages, and photocopied pages are all retained.","The American Association of University Women (AAUW) Records, Harrisonburg, Virginia Branch, 1929-2017, document the activities of Harrisonburg's local AAUW branch and include administrative records, meeting minutes, bylaws, membership records, financial files, publications and newsletters, annual conference materials, scrapbooks, ephemera, and photographs.","Researchers should note that while there is a discrete series for Financial Files, other series, specifically Administrative Files, also contain documents related to the financial goings-on of AAUW. Cross-referencing related series is encouraged. Similarly, the absence of a Correspondence series does not denote a lack of correspondence. In fact, correspondence is likely located in most series.","Series 1: Administrative Files, 1929-2015, comprises bylaws, meeting minutes, membership files, and general materials related to the administrative activities of the Harrisonburg branch of AAUW. Materials related to other branches, specifically bylaws, are also included.","Series 2: Financial Files, 1969-2007, documents the business activities of the AAUW, Harrisonburg branch. The account books document the branch's income and expenses. Complementary materials include financial statements and reports, budgets, and treasurer's reports.","Series 3: Causes, Activism, and Education, 1965-2008, comprises subject files related to the mission of AAUW, particularly concerning social movements, education, and voting rights.","Series 4: Publications, 1968-2011, contains official publications and printed material primarily created by AAUW as well as the Harrisonburg branch, other local branches, and the Virginia division. ","The Harrisonburg Branch newsletter has had several title changes during the course of its publication. The titles represented in this collection include: \"U\" News, AAUW Newsletter, AAUW News, and The Inside Track. There are periods of time during which the newsletter does not have a discernable title. In the spirit of keeping like materials together, all branch newsletters, regardless of title, are filed under the generic title \"Newsletters.\" ","This series also includes publications explicitly related to causes, activism, and education. Relatedly, regularly published periodicals by AAUW also include articles related to the organization's causes. Researchers are encouraged to cross-reference Series 3: Causes, Activism, and Education for related subject files.","Series 5: Conventions and Programming, 1968-2017, comprises programs and related materials documenting the annual Virginia AAUW convention. The Harrisonburg branch's implementation of \"Girls Can,\" a STEM career fair, is documented in this series. This series also includes assorted programming and promotional materials and flyers.","Series 6: Scrapbooks, Photographs, and Ephemera, 1929-2011, comprises five scrapbooks, photo albums and loose photographs, printed ephemera, and realia. The scrapbooks include newspaper clippings, ephemera, programs, and photographs documenting the activities of the AAUW, Harrisonburg branch during a given time period. Of particular interest is a sash including the phrase \"MARCH FOR WOMEN'S EQUALITY, WOMEN'S LIVES.\"","Series 7: 2025-0909 Accession, 1979-2025, comprises assorted administrative records documenting the activities of the Harrisonburg branch of AAUW. Materials include newsletters, yearbooks, conference programs, newspaper clippings, and records related to branch initiatives including the Equal Rights Amendment, the Crystal Theodore Scholarship, and other philanthropic endeavors.","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The American Association of University Women (AAUW) Records, Harrisonburg, Virginia Branch document the activities of Harrisonburg's local AAUW branch and include administrative records, financial files, publications, annual conference materials, scrapbooks, and photographs.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","American Association of University Women. Harrisonburg Branch","American Association of University Women. Harrisonburg Branch -- Archives","American Association of University Women. Harrisonburg Branch -- History","American Association of University Women. Virginia Division -- History","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0211","/repositories/4/resources/594"],"normalized_title_ssm":["American Association of University Women (AAUW) Records, Harrisonburg, Virginia Branch"],"collection_title_tesim":["American Association of University Women (AAUW) Records, Harrisonburg, Virginia Branch"],"collection_ssim":["American Association of University Women (AAUW) Records, Harrisonburg, Virginia Branch"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"creator_ssm":["American Association of University Women. Harrisonburg Branch"],"creator_ssim":["American Association of University Women. Harrisonburg Branch"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["American Association of University Women. Harrisonburg Branch"],"creators_ssim":["American Association of University Women. Harrisonburg Branch"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The collection was donated in five separate accessions between 2011 and 2025."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Women college graduates -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- Societies, etc","Women in education -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","Women -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- Societies and clubs","Minutes (administrative records)","Administrative records","Bylaws (administrative records)","Scrapbooks","Financial Records","Membership lists","Newspaper clippings","Letters (correspondence)","Publications (documents)","Photographs","Newsletters","Printed Ephemera","Fliers (printed matter)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Women college graduates -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- Societies, etc","Women in education -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","Women -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- Societies and clubs","Minutes (administrative records)","Administrative records","Bylaws (administrative records)","Scrapbooks","Financial Records","Membership lists","Newspaper clippings","Letters (correspondence)","Publications (documents)","Photographs","Newsletters","Printed Ephemera","Fliers (printed matter)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["9.89 cubic feet 29 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["9.89 cubic feet 29 boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["Minutes (administrative records)","Administrative records","Bylaws (administrative records)","Scrapbooks","Financial Records","Membership lists","Newspaper clippings","Letters (correspondence)","Publications (documents)","Photographs","Newsletters","Printed Ephemera","Fliers (printed matter)"],"date_range_isim":[1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018,2019,2020,2021,2022,2023,2024,2025],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to research with the exception of media for which reformatting is pending. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOriginal media formats are restricted from access. Reformatted access copies may be available, or media reformatting may be available upon request. Contact research services staff at library-special@jmu.edu for additional information.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions","Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to research with the exception of media for which reformatting is pending. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison Special Collections Library to use this collection.","Original media formats are restricted from access. Reformatted access copies may be available, or media reformatting may be available upon request. Contact research services staff at library-special@jmu.edu for additional information."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe scrapbook pages have been photocopied and are available alongside the original.\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Other Formats Available"],"altformavail_tesim":["The scrapbook pages have been photocopied and are available alongside the original."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged into seven series:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003clist numeration=\"arabic\" type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eAdministrative Files, 1929-2015\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eFinancial Files, 1969-2007\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eCauses, Activism, and Education, 1965-2008\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003ePublications, 1968-2011\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eConventions and Programming, 1968-2017\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eScrapbooks, Photographs, and Ephemera, 1929-2011\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e2025-0909 Accession, 1979-2025\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged into seven series:","Administrative Files, 1929-2015 Financial Files, 1969-2007 Causes, Activism, and Education, 1965-2008 Publications, 1968-2011 Conventions and Programming, 1968-2017 Scrapbooks, Photographs, and Ephemera, 1929-2011 2025-0909 Accession, 1979-2025"],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cbibref\u003e\"Our History.\" American Association of University Women, https://history.aauw.org/ (accessed September 19, 2019).\u003c/bibref\u003e"],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["\"Our History.\" American Association of University Women, https://history.aauw.org/ (accessed September 19, 2019)."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe American Association of University Women (AAUW) was founded on November 28, 1881 when Marion Talbot and Ellen Richards met in Boston, Massachusetts along with 15 alumnae representing eight colleges. The aim of this first meeting was to discuss the needs of college-educated women and to broaden opportunities and assist women in higher education. The organization is nonpartisan and nonprofit with more than 170,000 members. The mission of AAUW is \"to advance gender equity for women through research, education, and advocacy.\" Membership in AAUW is open to anyone holding a two-year associate degree or higher from an accredited college or university, or equivalent. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Harrisonburg branch of AAUW was founded on April 15, 1929 in Alumnae Hall on the campus of the State Teachers College at Harrisonburg (now James Madison University). The branch was organized with 15 charter members including Virginia Harnsberger, librarian at the State Teachers College, who was elected its first president. During the 1940s, the branch established and provided continued support for the Virginia Harnsberger Memorial Fund to furnish the Children's Room at the new Rockingham Public Library. In addition to membership dues, the recipe book \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eRecipes of the Shenandoah Valley\u003c/emph\u003e, first published in 1959, served as a primary funding source for branch activities and outreach. Since 1975, the branch has held regular book club meetings. Current branch initiatives include equal rights and equal pay advocacy as well as voter registration. In partnership with JMU, the branch organizes \"Girls Can,\" an annual STEM conference and career fair for middle school girls.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Harrisonburg branch of AAUW officially disbanded on July 1, 2025.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Administrative History"],"bioghist_tesim":["The American Association of University Women (AAUW) was founded on November 28, 1881 when Marion Talbot and Ellen Richards met in Boston, Massachusetts along with 15 alumnae representing eight colleges. The aim of this first meeting was to discuss the needs of college-educated women and to broaden opportunities and assist women in higher education. The organization is nonpartisan and nonprofit with more than 170,000 members. The mission of AAUW is \"to advance gender equity for women through research, education, and advocacy.\" Membership in AAUW is open to anyone holding a two-year associate degree or higher from an accredited college or university, or equivalent. ","The Harrisonburg branch of AAUW was founded on April 15, 1929 in Alumnae Hall on the campus of the State Teachers College at Harrisonburg (now James Madison University). The branch was organized with 15 charter members including Virginia Harnsberger, librarian at the State Teachers College, who was elected its first president. During the 1940s, the branch established and provided continued support for the Virginia Harnsberger Memorial Fund to furnish the Children's Room at the new Rockingham Public Library. In addition to membership dues, the recipe book  Recipes of the Shenandoah Valley , first published in 1959, served as a primary funding source for branch activities and outreach. Since 1975, the branch has held regular book club meetings. Current branch initiatives include equal rights and equal pay advocacy as well as voter registration. In partnership with JMU, the branch organizes \"Girls Can,\" an annual STEM conference and career fair for middle school girls.","The Harrisonburg branch of AAUW officially disbanded on July 1, 2025."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box #, folder #], American Association of University Women (AAUW) Records, Harrisonburg, Virginia Branch, 1929-2025, SC 0211, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box #, folder #], American Association of University Women (AAUW) Records, Harrisonburg, Virginia Branch, 1929-2025, SC 0211, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in 2017-2019. \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eThis collection was previously cataloged as SC 5036.\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring this time, the collection was also reprocessed in order to simplify the intellectual arrangement, increase discoverability through better description, and better stabilize  the materials through physical rehousing. Significant changes to the collection include the weeding of bank statements, canceled checks and check stubs, receipts, and deposit slips. Their research value is minimal and furthermore the financial activities of AAUW are documented in the bound account books and membership files which were retained. Additionally, duplicate materials, primarily multiple copies of newsletters and publications, were also discarded.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLoose copies of the Harrisonburg Branch Yearbook and branch newsletters, originally associated with the 1929-1947 scrapbook, were filed with like materials in Series 1 and Series 4 respectively.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWhen the collection was originally processed in September 2012, the pages of the 1929-1947 scrapbook were separated from the boards and photocopied. The original scrapbook, boards, pages, and photocopied pages are all retained.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["In order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in 2017-2019.  This collection was previously cataloged as SC 5036.","During this time, the collection was also reprocessed in order to simplify the intellectual arrangement, increase discoverability through better description, and better stabilize  the materials through physical rehousing. Significant changes to the collection include the weeding of bank statements, canceled checks and check stubs, receipts, and deposit slips. Their research value is minimal and furthermore the financial activities of AAUW are documented in the bound account books and membership files which were retained. Additionally, duplicate materials, primarily multiple copies of newsletters and publications, were also discarded.","Loose copies of the Harrisonburg Branch Yearbook and branch newsletters, originally associated with the 1929-1947 scrapbook, were filed with like materials in Series 1 and Series 4 respectively.","When the collection was originally processed in September 2012, the pages of the 1929-1947 scrapbook were separated from the boards and photocopied. The original scrapbook, boards, pages, and photocopied pages are all retained."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe American Association of University Women (AAUW) Records, Harrisonburg, Virginia Branch, 1929-2017, document the activities of Harrisonburg's local AAUW branch and include administrative records, meeting minutes, bylaws, membership records, financial files, publications and newsletters, annual conference materials, scrapbooks, ephemera, and photographs.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eResearchers should note that while there is a discrete series for Financial Files, other series, specifically Administrative Files, also contain documents related to the financial goings-on of AAUW. Cross-referencing related series is encouraged. Similarly, the absence of a Correspondence series does not denote a lack of correspondence. In fact, correspondence is likely located in most series.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1: Administrative Files, 1929-2015, comprises bylaws, meeting minutes, membership files, and general materials related to the administrative activities of the Harrisonburg branch of AAUW. Materials related to other branches, specifically bylaws, are also included.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2: Financial Files, 1969-2007, documents the business activities of the AAUW, Harrisonburg branch. The account books document the branch's income and expenses. Complementary materials include financial statements and reports, budgets, and treasurer's reports.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 3: Causes, Activism, and Education, 1965-2008, comprises subject files related to the mission of AAUW, particularly concerning social movements, education, and voting rights.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 4: Publications, 1968-2011, contains official publications and printed material primarily created by AAUW as well as the Harrisonburg branch, other local branches, and the Virginia division. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Harrisonburg Branch newsletter has had several title changes during the course of its publication. The titles represented in this collection include: \"U\" News, AAUW Newsletter, AAUW News, and The Inside Track. There are periods of time during which the newsletter does not have a discernable title. In the spirit of keeping like materials together, all branch newsletters, regardless of title, are filed under the generic title \"Newsletters.\" \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis series also includes publications explicitly related to causes, activism, and education. Relatedly, regularly published periodicals by AAUW also include articles related to the organization's causes. Researchers are encouraged to cross-reference Series 3: Causes, Activism, and Education for related subject files.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 5: Conventions and Programming, 1968-2017, comprises programs and related materials documenting the annual Virginia AAUW convention. The Harrisonburg branch's implementation of \"Girls Can,\" a STEM career fair, is documented in this series. This series also includes assorted programming and promotional materials and flyers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 6: Scrapbooks, Photographs, and Ephemera, 1929-2011, comprises five scrapbooks, photo albums and loose photographs, printed ephemera, and realia. The scrapbooks include newspaper clippings, ephemera, programs, and photographs documenting the activities of the AAUW, Harrisonburg branch during a given time period. Of particular interest is a sash including the phrase \"MARCH FOR WOMEN'S EQUALITY, WOMEN'S LIVES.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 7: 2025-0909 Accession, 1979-2025, comprises assorted administrative records documenting the activities of the Harrisonburg branch of AAUW. Materials include newsletters, yearbooks, conference programs, newspaper clippings, and records related to branch initiatives including the Equal Rights Amendment, the Crystal Theodore Scholarship, and other philanthropic endeavors.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The American Association of University Women (AAUW) Records, Harrisonburg, Virginia Branch, 1929-2017, document the activities of Harrisonburg's local AAUW branch and include administrative records, meeting minutes, bylaws, membership records, financial files, publications and newsletters, annual conference materials, scrapbooks, ephemera, and photographs.","Researchers should note that while there is a discrete series for Financial Files, other series, specifically Administrative Files, also contain documents related to the financial goings-on of AAUW. Cross-referencing related series is encouraged. Similarly, the absence of a Correspondence series does not denote a lack of correspondence. In fact, correspondence is likely located in most series.","Series 1: Administrative Files, 1929-2015, comprises bylaws, meeting minutes, membership files, and general materials related to the administrative activities of the Harrisonburg branch of AAUW. Materials related to other branches, specifically bylaws, are also included.","Series 2: Financial Files, 1969-2007, documents the business activities of the AAUW, Harrisonburg branch. The account books document the branch's income and expenses. Complementary materials include financial statements and reports, budgets, and treasurer's reports.","Series 3: Causes, Activism, and Education, 1965-2008, comprises subject files related to the mission of AAUW, particularly concerning social movements, education, and voting rights.","Series 4: Publications, 1968-2011, contains official publications and printed material primarily created by AAUW as well as the Harrisonburg branch, other local branches, and the Virginia division. ","The Harrisonburg Branch newsletter has had several title changes during the course of its publication. The titles represented in this collection include: \"U\" News, AAUW Newsletter, AAUW News, and The Inside Track. There are periods of time during which the newsletter does not have a discernable title. In the spirit of keeping like materials together, all branch newsletters, regardless of title, are filed under the generic title \"Newsletters.\" ","This series also includes publications explicitly related to causes, activism, and education. Relatedly, regularly published periodicals by AAUW also include articles related to the organization's causes. Researchers are encouraged to cross-reference Series 3: Causes, Activism, and Education for related subject files.","Series 5: Conventions and Programming, 1968-2017, comprises programs and related materials documenting the annual Virginia AAUW convention. The Harrisonburg branch's implementation of \"Girls Can,\" a STEM career fair, is documented in this series. This series also includes assorted programming and promotional materials and flyers.","Series 6: Scrapbooks, Photographs, and Ephemera, 1929-2011, comprises five scrapbooks, photo albums and loose photographs, printed ephemera, and realia. The scrapbooks include newspaper clippings, ephemera, programs, and photographs documenting the activities of the AAUW, Harrisonburg branch during a given time period. Of particular interest is a sash including the phrase \"MARCH FOR WOMEN'S EQUALITY, WOMEN'S LIVES.\"","Series 7: 2025-0909 Accession, 1979-2025, comprises assorted administrative records documenting the activities of the Harrisonburg branch of AAUW. Materials include newsletters, yearbooks, conference programs, newspaper clippings, and records related to branch initiatives including the Equal Rights Amendment, the Crystal Theodore Scholarship, and other philanthropic endeavors."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_a851f3b5686ab7d4771a1162809cbb0b\"\u003eThe American Association of University Women (AAUW) Records, Harrisonburg, Virginia Branch document the activities of Harrisonburg's local AAUW branch and include administrative records, financial files, publications, annual conference materials, scrapbooks, and photographs.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The American Association of University Women (AAUW) Records, Harrisonburg, Virginia Branch document the activities of Harrisonburg's local AAUW branch and include administrative records, financial files, publications, annual conference materials, scrapbooks, and photographs."],"names_coll_ssim":["American Association of University Women. Harrisonburg Branch -- Archives","American Association of University Women. Harrisonburg Branch -- History","American Association of University Women. Virginia Division -- History"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","American Association of University Women. Harrisonburg Branch","American Association of University Women. Harrisonburg Branch -- Archives","American Association of University Women. Harrisonburg Branch -- History","American Association of University Women. Virginia Division -- History"],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","American Association of University Women. Harrisonburg Branch","American Association of University Women. Harrisonburg Branch -- Archives","American Association of University Women. Harrisonburg Branch -- History","American Association of University Women. Virginia Division -- History"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":302,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:23:04.783Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_594_c07_c12"}},{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9022_c10_c01_c10","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Cummings, Janet Interview","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_9022_c10_c01_c10#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis interview was conducted by Austin Curtis and indexed by Ava Coles. The interview took place on the afternoon of April 14, 2021 over Zoom. Janet Cummings describes the ways in which she has adjusted the efforts of the Relief Society of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Williamsburg to strengthen bonds of sisterhood among Latter-day Saint women. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_9022_c10_c01_c10#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9022_c10_c01_c10","ref_ssm":["viw_repositories_2_resources_9022_c10_c01_c10"],"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9022_c10_c01_c10","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9022","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9022","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9022_c10_c01","parent_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9022_c10_c01","parent_ssim":["viw_repositories_2_resources_9022","viw_repositories_2_resources_9022_c10","viw_repositories_2_resources_9022_c10_c01"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viw_repositories_2_resources_9022","viw_repositories_2_resources_9022_c10","viw_repositories_2_resources_9022_c10_c01"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Williamsburg Documentary Project","Series 10: Acc. 2022.109, Spring 2021 and Spring 2022 Interviews and Class Materials","WDP 2021"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Williamsburg Documentary Project","Series 10: Acc. 2022.109, Spring 2021 and Spring 2022 Interviews and Class Materials","WDP 2021"],"text":["Williamsburg Documentary Project","Series 10: Acc. 2022.109, Spring 2021 and Spring 2022 Interviews and Class Materials","WDP 2021","Cummings, Janet Interview","This interview was conducted by Austin Curtis and indexed by Ava Coles. The interview took place on the afternoon of April 14, 2021 over Zoom. Janet Cummings describes the ways in which she has adjusted the efforts of the Relief Society of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Williamsburg to strengthen bonds of sisterhood among Latter-day Saint women. ","Description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. "],"title_filing_ssi":"Cummings, Janet Interview","title_ssm":["Cummings, Janet Interview"],"title_tesim":["Cummings, Janet Interview"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["2021 April 14"],"normalized_date_ssm":["2021"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Cummings, Janet Interview"],"component_level_isim":[3],"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"collection_ssim":["Williamsburg Documentary Project"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":984,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Portions of this collection may be restricted for privacy reasons. Consult a staff member for assistance. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"date_range_isim":[2021],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis interview was conducted by Austin Curtis and indexed by Ava Coles. The interview took place on the afternoon of April 14, 2021 over Zoom. Janet Cummings describes the ways in which she has adjusted the efforts of the Relief Society of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Williamsburg to strengthen bonds of sisterhood among Latter-day Saint women. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDescription was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This interview was conducted by Austin Curtis and indexed by Ava Coles. The interview took place on the afternoon of April 14, 2021 over Zoom. Janet Cummings describes the ways in which she has adjusted the efforts of the Relief Society of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Williamsburg to strengthen bonds of sisterhood among Latter-day Saint women. ","Description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. "],"_nest_path_":"/components#9/components#0/components#9","timestamp":"2026-05-24T23:21:23.242Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9022","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9022","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9022","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9022","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_9022.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Williamsburg Documentary Project ","title_ssm":["Williamsburg Documentary Project"],"title_tesim":["Williamsburg Documentary Project"],"unitdate_ssm":["Circa 1930-2015","2008-2015"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["2008-2015"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["Circa 1930-2015"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["UA 351","/repositories/2/resources/9022"],"text":["UA 351","/repositories/2/resources/9022","Williamsburg Documentary Project","Williamsburg (Va.)--History","Williamsburg (Va.)--Maps","Williamsburg (Va.)--Newspapers","College of William and Mary--History--20th century","Colonial Williamsburg Foundation--History","Interviews","Williamsburg, Battle of, Williamsburg, Va., 1862","Clippings (information artifacts)","Photographs","Transcripts","Newsletters","Portions of this collection may be restricted for privacy reasons. Consult a staff member for assistance. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","Box 11 contains restricted material. Please consult a staff member for further assistance. This is a temporary series and will be deleted once it has been integrated with the existing collection. The series contains oral histories, final reports, and map diaries by students in the Williamsburg Documentary Project course at William and Mary. Box 9 is unrestricted.","Swem library use only","Materials are accessible to researchers at Swem Library only.","Materials accessible to researchers at Swem Library only.","Material accessible to researchers in Swem Library only.","Swem library use only","Material access restricted to researchers at Swem Library only.","Swem library use only","Deed of Gift is missing.","Interview is restricted pending a removal of certain content from the transcript and digital file.","The American Studies Program offers students the opportunity to engage with the complex and diverse histories of cultural, racial, and national encounters that, like those of our local area, have come to shape the past and present of the United States, and the Americas. In a rigorous, yet flexible environment of intellectual inquiry, students develop the critical skills that allow them not only to pursue rewarding careers, but to serve as responsible citizens of the 21st Century.","VERY IMPORTANT: Anyone quoting from or making substantial use of the oral histories collected here should consider THE SOUND RECORDINGS THE DEFINITIVE SOURCE. Transcripts, indexes, and key words are only tools meant to help guide users to the sound recordings. Most of these interviews were done by WDP student-interviewers. Most interviews combine a life history format with some questioning specific to a student-interviewer's research interests. As part of their training, WDP students do some group interviews and also interview one another, and the collection also contains these recordings. Additionally, the collection gathers some recordings that were done by other groups—for example, local volunteers helping commemorate Williamsburg's 300th anniversary. All oral history interviews conducted by the WDP are done following the Oral History Association's principles and best practices guidelines. Each record in the digital archive contains: a) a sound recording of an interview (WAV format; some MP3 format); a few recordings have been edited to reflect restrictions; some recordings are available for use only on-site in Swem Library's Special Collections b) an image of the Deed of Gift relevant to the interview (PDF or TIFF format) c) a \"live index\" to the recording (PDF format); these indexes were made by assistants to the main interviewer during the interview and, using time code, give a rough guide to major topics covered in the interview. d) a \"headnote\" (PDF format); written by the main interviewer, headnotes give some basic information on the circumstances in which the interview took place and highlight some key topics covered in the interview. Many records also contain: e) an interview transcript, which incorporates the headnote described above (PDF format); prepared by the main interviewer, transcripts attempt to render the dialogue of the interview in a way that is quickly searchable. SCHOLARS WISHING TO QUOTE, SYNOPSIZE, OR REFERENCE A WDP ORAL HISTORY SHOULD ALWAYS CHECK THE TRANSCRIPT AGAINST THE INTERVIEW RECORDING. Some records may also contain: f) scans of documents or photographs (TIFF files) related to the interviewee or topics covered in the interview.","Davis does not wanted monetary publications to use her interview.","An edited version of this oral history is being made available to researchers at the request of the interviewee.","Acc. 2009.030 accessioned and minimally described by Amy C. Schindler, University Archivist, in 2/2009. Acc. 2010.311 accessioned and minimally described by Steven Bookman, University Archives Specialist, in 5/2010. All accessions were integrated and processed by David Ward, SCRC Graduate Apprentice, from October 2013-January 2014. Acc. 2015.148 accessioned and minimally described by Steven Bookman, University Archives Specialist, in June 2015.","Digital content documents from the Williamsburg Documentary Project, including some interviews, are available at William \u0026 Mary Libraries Digital Collections  .","This collection is composed of material collected and created by the Williamsburg Documentary Project. The Williamsburg Documentary Project conducts oral history interviews and builds physical and digital archives, as well as other activities, through which it interprets the past of Williamsburg, Virginia.","The collection includes publications, news clippings, interviews, and planning documents about Merchant's Square, New Town, food, immigration, as well as events related to Williamsburg history. Events documented in this collection include the removal of a cross from the chapel in the William \u0026 Mary Wren Building at the direction of College President Gene R. Nichol. ","This sub-series contains oral history interviews from 1995-2012. Interviewees consist primarily of William \u0026 Mary students, William \u0026 Mary Faculty, and Williamsburg and James City County residents. Interviews have related oral history materials in the William \u0026 Mary digital archive. The suberies is arranged in alphabetical order by last name of interviewee.","File contains deed of gift, detailed, time-stamped summary of interview, and written summary of oral history interview conducted by Graham DeZarn. Mr. Abbott speaks about his family history, the work his architectural firm does, and the importance of understanding the history of the area. He speaks about the progect at Polegreen Church in Hanover County, VA and the preservation of historic and agricultural land.","This sub- series contains oral history deeds, transcripts and notes from 1995-2012.","Final papers for student projects consist of a variety of subjects on the community life and culture within Williamsburg and surrounding environs. Some of these topics have related oral history and digital materials in the William \u0026 Mary digital archive. This series contains student project map diaries from 2008-2012. Students track their locations and movements for a 24 hour period to construct a map diary of their day. There is no prescribed format for the map diary. The bulk of the series is arranged by project title.","Please note that select student papers are restricted from viewing due to privacy. Please consult with a staff member for assistance. ","This series contains research materials on the following subjects: : Old Town/New Town, Food and Poverty in Williamsburg and Wren Cross controversy, Battle of Williamsburg Commemoration, J1 Work Visas, Retirement in Williamsburg and Development of Quarterpath Road. There are also oral history materials from the Grass Roots Theater (1998-1999). Old Town/New Town: Merchants Square material, Merchants Square Real Estate Operations, The NewTowner magazines, Next Door Neighbor magazine, and newspaper clippings for 2007. Food and Poverty in Williamsburg: USDA Brochures (2007), Statistics, Information, Advertisements (2010), SHIP (2010), Food Bank Study (2004), Community Health Report (2005) Wren Cross controversy: Emails, Websites and notes used in compiling final report. Battle of Williamsburg Commemoration: Notes J1 Work Visas: Briefings, Regulations, Court Case, and notes used in compiling final report. All from 2010. Retirement in Williamsburg: Reports and Brochures, Journal Articles, Tourism directory, and newspaper clippings.","Williamsburg, Virginia, Traffic Lights, 35 x 21 cm, color Williamsburg, Virginia, Original City and Subsequent Annexation, 28 x 43cm, Color, ca 1984 Williamsburg, Virginia,, Williamsburg in the '20 and '30s, 21 x 28cm, Black \u0026 White James City County, 29.5 x 43cm, color, 2006 Williamsburg, Virginia, Comprehensive Plan, 42.5 x 54.5 cm, color, 2006 Williamsburg, Virginia, Zoning Districts, 1 of 3, 42.5 x 34 cm, color, February 13, 2003 Williamsburg, Virginia, Architectual Review Distircts, 42.5 x 34 cm, 2 of 3, color, March 9, 2006 Williamsburg, Virginia, Zoning Districts, 3 of 3, 42.5 x 34 cm, color, February 13, 2003 Williamsburg, Virginia, Zoning Map, 91 x 58 cm, black \u0026 white, July 1, 1966, 2 copies Williamsburg, Virginia, Zoning Map, 91 x 58 cm, black \u0026 white, August,1972, Res'C', March 26, 1981 Williamsburg, Virginia, Zoning Map, 91 x 58 cm, black \u0026 white, August,1972, ' March 23, 1987, 2 copies Williamsburg, Virginia, Zoning Map, 91 x 58 cm, black \u0026 white, August,1972, January 1, 1975, 2 copies Williamsburg, Virginia, Zoning Map, 91 x 58 cm, black \u0026 white, July 1964 Williamsburg, Virginia, Real Property Grid Index, 91 x 58 cm, color, July 13, 2004","Al Albert is the a former soccer coach at William and Mary and is credited with founding the Tidewater Soccer camp. He speaks about his background and the founding of the camp. Folder contains a summary and index of the interview.","Douglas Austin speaks about his time growing up in the Williamsburg James City County School System and his time at Bruton Heights, previously and African American only school. Folder contains and index and transcript of the interview.","Dr. Bernacki is a general practitioner who has been practicing in Williamsburg since the 1980s. Dr. Bernacki speaks about his past as a medical student at Georgetown, his time as a physician in the Air Force, the growth he has seen in the Williamsburg medical community, and his belief in the Affordable Care Act (ACA). Folder contains a summary and index of the interview.","Dr. Brown speaks about the past medical community of Williamsburg and his disagreement with the Affordable Care Act (ACA). Folder contains a summary and index of the interview.","Lauren Brown speaks about growing up in Williamsburg and the tourism industry. Folder contains an index of the interview.","Sarah Cate-Pizarro is a student at William and Mary and speaks about her life in Richmond, VA, he plans for the future, her travels, and her family. Folder contains an index and transcript of the interview.","Linda Chemlow has been in Williamsburg since 1989 and speaks about her work in the medical field including her personal and professional attitudes towards the Affordable Care Act (ACA). Folder contains a summary and index of the interview.","John Daly is the Head Women's Soccer Coach at William and Mary College. He speaks about how he got involved in soccer and his work at the Tidewater Soccer Camp as a coach. The file contains a transcript of the interview.","Mrs. Elston is the president of the Williamsburg chapter of the William and Mary Alumni Association. She speaks about the association, changes in Williamsburg since she was a student, her and her family's involvement in the community, and her relationship with the US Navy. The folder contains a summary and index of the interview.","Mr. Hamant is the former director of Evening and Special Programs at Colonial Williamsburg. He spoke about how he came to Williamsburg, his time as a Senior Archeologist for Colonial Williamsburg, and his development of popular ghost tours in Colonial Williamsburg. The folder contains a transcript of the interview.","Jane Hanson is the supervisor of the Governor's Musick Ensemble. She gives a comprehensive history of early music performance, the benefits and drawbacks of a resident ensemble, and the difficulties the ensemble face. The folder contains a summary of the interview.","Mayor Clyde Haulmand describes his previous involvement on the Board for the local chapter of Big Brothers Big Sisters. He also discusses how the city of Williamsburg addresses the problem of at-risk and disadvantaged youth. The folder contains a summary and index of the interview.","Sister Rose Morris is a teacher at Walsingham Academy, a Catholic school in Williamsburg. Mary Johnston was a student and teacher at Walsingham and at the time of the interview works as the vice principal of the lower school. Sister Rose speaks of the school's history and its religious diversity. Mary speaks about being a non-Catholic student and teacher at the school. Both speak about the schools relationship to the community. The folder contains an index and transcript of the inteview.","Mrs. Jowett is the Career and Technical Education Curriculum leader at Jamestown High. Mrs. Jowett speaks about her experiences with the supernatural at the high school as well as encounters at her home in Yorktown. The folder contains a summary and index of the interview.","Ms. King is the CEO at the Greater Virginia Peninsula branch of Big Brothers Big Sisters. Ms. King discusses the function and organization of this chapter as well as its fundraisers and events. This folder contains an index and transcript of the interview.","Judy Knudson is the executive director of Olde Towne Medical Center. She speaks about the growing number of retirees in the community, the growth of the medical field in Williamsburg, and the benefits of the Affordable Care Act (ACA). The folder contains a summary, index, and transcript of the interview.","Jake Lewitz is an senior at William and Mary College. He discusses his hometown of Marin, California and what it was like growing up there. He also discussed his busy schedule and many school activities. Jake Lewitz is interested in the Public Health sector. This folder contains an index and transcript of the interview.","Professor Marshall teaches at William and Mary and was member of the Governor's Musick ensemble. Prof. Marshall speaks of the benefits of playing in a small resident ensemble as well as the lack of support by the Colonial Williamsburg Foundation. The folder contains a summary and index of the interview.","Kalynn McLane is a student at William and Mary American Studies program. She speaks about her family, her love of William and Mary, her academics, and her summer study abroad in Cape Town. The folder contains an index and transcript of the interview.","Mr. Moss's speaks of his musical life prior to beginning to play withthe Governor's Musick ensemble, his musical travel, and teaching life. He also give a history of the music that would have been played in the colonial era in Williamsburg. In a follow up interview Mr. Moss discusses the role that the Governor's Musick has played within the living museum and the nature of their engagements while he has been a member. Mr. Moss also discussed the changing attitudes towards music in society todya and his uncertainty about the groups future. The folder contains summaries and indexes for both interviews.","Hannah Ostroff is a student at William and Mary. She speaks about her childhood and her decision to attend William and Mary as well as her time at the school. Ostroff speaks about her experiences with the William and Mary Choir and Sinfonicron. The folder contains an index and transcript of the interview.","Lance Pedigo speaks about his love of music growing up and how he now runs the Fife and Drum Corps in Williamsburg. The folder contains indices of the interview.","Mrs. Pedigo works in the Williamsburg-James City County public school system. She speaks about her time working at Matthew Whaley Elementary School and working in the media center at Rawls Byrd Elementary School. She discusses the changes to the city and the school system since she began working in Williamsburg in 1959. The folder contains a summary and index of the interview.","Mr. and Mrs. Perkins are both graduates of William and Mary and speak about their time as active participants in Greek life on campus. They discuss the changes to Williamsburg and William and Mary since their graduation as well as their current church life and as members of the Olde Guarde Council. The folder contains an index and transcript of the interview.","Mr. Carnifax is the Director of Parks and Recreation for James City County and Mr. Powell is the Assistant City Manager. They speak about athletics and local field use. They also speak about the Warhill Sports Complex, what it provides the community, and how youth athletics can economically benefit the community. This folder contains a summary of the interview.","Rachel Quinones is a student at William and Mary. She speaks about her childhood, religion, music, and her impending graduation. The folder contains an index and transcript of the interview.","Mr. Riley speaks about the Kimball theater and film in Williamsburg. The folder contains indices of the interview.","Mr. Scrofani speaks about the Williamsburg Indoor Sports Complex, how it was created and funded, and the impact the WISC has on the community. The folder contains a summary of the interview.","Willie Shaw is a student at William and Mary. He speaks about his childhood, his family, his passion for athletics, and his relationship with music. He also speaks about how he came to William and Mary and his plans for the future. The folder contains an index and transcript of the interview.","Lauren Stephenson is a student at William and Mary. She speaks about her childhood, growing up in suburban Chicago, her Jewish community, and her TV journalist experience. She also speaks about her experiences at William and Mary. The folder contains a transcript of the interview.","Lisa Thomas has been a Big Sister through the local chapter of Big Brothers Big Sisters since 1985. She discusses her role and responsiblities of a Big Sister and her personal experiences with her Little Sisters. In the follow up interview Lisa Thomas speaks about her experience at Eastern State Hospital, how her work for Child Development Resources (CDR) fits into the Williamsburg community assisting disabled children, at-risk children, and those that come from non-English speaking families, and how changing legislation and federal grant money alters the CDR's focus. The folder contains summaries and indices of the interviews.","Jacqueline Vasquez is a student at William and Mary. She discusses her childhood in Texas and her relationships with her family. She speaks about her middle and high school experiences such as participation in student government and sports. She also speaks about her decision to come to William and Mary and her involvement in Phi Beta Phi Sorority, the Club Lacross team, and her volunteer work at the Democratic National Convention in 2012. This folder contains a transcript of the interview.","Mr. Watson is the longest-working musician of the Governor's Musick Ensemble. He speaks about the historical musical performace practices and institutional knowledge. He discusses the transition in Colonial Williamsburg to historically accurate music practices, his own history with early music and the role of the Governor's Musick at the institution. The folder contains an index and transcript of the interview.","The four narrators are all William and Mary Alumni who reside in the Williamsburg Landing Retirement Community. The residents share stories from their time at William and Mary, speak about their love of the College, what has changed since they were students, why they decided to move to Williamsburg, why they remain involved in the College community, and why they think alumni retire to Williamsburg and other college towns. The folder contains a summary of the conversation as well as short biographies of the four narrators.","Lynn Wolfe works in administration at Child Development and speaks about the fundraising efforts of CDR as well as CDR's connection with insurance companies, public schools, and the community in general. She also speaks about her time at William and Mary and her reasons for living in Williamsburg. The folder contains a summary and index of the interview.","Timothy Wolfe work in the College of William and Mary Admissions Office. He previously worked at Walsingham Academy for two years in the early 2000s as their Director of College Counseling. He speaks about enjoying his time at Walsingham, his experiences as a non-Catholic staff member, and the perception of Walsingham in the community. The folder contains a summary and index of the interview.","Kris Yeager is a student at William and Mary. He speaks about his childhood and family as well as his gymnastics career as part of the Varsity gymnastics team at William and Mary. He discusses his struggles with gymnastics due to medical issues and his future as part of Teach for America in Las Vegas. The folder contains and index and transcript of the interview.","Folder contains brief biographies of the students taking part in the Williamsburg Documentary Project (WDP) in 2013.","WDP student Sarah Cate-Pizarro's final project on ghost lore and ghost tours in Williamsburg. The folder contains copy and description of a survey map of Williamsburg, several advertisements for various ghost tours, and a research paper.","The folder contains a research paper on responses to the Affordable Care Act (ACA) in Williamsburg and excerpts from the Virginia Gazette on national health care reform.","Folder contains a research paper on Big Brothers Big Sisters of Williamsburg.","The folder contains various articles, studies, and webpages about Big Brothers Big Sisters printed out as well as various documents from the organization.","The folder contains various program guides for Colonial Williamsburg, an article by Rohald Broude about music in Colonial Williamsburg in Early Music America, and a research paper about the Governor's Musick in Colonial Williamsburg.","The folder contains a research paper about Walsingham Academy.","The folder contains a research paper about youth athletics in Williamsburg","The folder contains a research paper about William and Mary alumni retiring in Williamsburg.","Folder contains a research paper on the evolution of the Williamsburg-James City County School System.","The folder contains a research paper about Child Developent Resources (CDR) in Williamsburg.","The folder contains a written description of student Rachel Quinones's map diary project which details a map of her day.","Folder contains several maps and a reflective essay.","Folder contains maps and relfective essay.","Folder contains maps and a reflective essay.","Folder contains maps and a reflective essay.","Folder contains a map and a reflective essay.","Folder contains maps and a reflective essay.","Folder contains maps and a reflective essay.","Folder contains maps and a reflective essay.","Folder contains a variety of research papers on various topics in Williamsburg such as the LGBTQ community, downtown Williamsburg, the WCWM-FM which is William and Mary's radio station, alternative education, agriculture, local food, the Catholic community, Gene Nichol who is the 26th president of the College of William and Mary, racism inx the mid-20th century, and Meridian Coffeehouse.","The folder contains maps and reflective essays.","Folder contains a research paper on the Temple Beth El and Jewish community of Williamsburg.","The folder contains a research report on Williamsburg 2009 3-person rule zoning ordinance.","The folder contains a research paper on the Kingsmill gated community and overall perceptions of gated communities in Williamsburg.","Folder contains a research on the Magruder community which was displaced when Camp Peary was established. Additionally, the folder contains copies of relevant photographs and reports.","Mr. Boelt's family has a long history in Williamsburg and as a history buff he has a great deal of knowledge of the Williamsburg area, especially surrounding William and Mary. He speaks about how Williamsburg has changed, specifically in relation to the three person zoning rule and the transition of his childhood home on Richmond Ave. becoming a rental. The folder contains an index and transcript of the interview.","Chris Connolly serves on the City Planning Commission fot the city government and the branch that enforces the three-person rule. The folder contains a summary and index of the interview.","Mrs. Fleck speaks about her history as a military wife before coming to Williamsburg and running the Applewood Bed and Breakfast. She also discussed being a newcomer to the hospitality industry, the relationship between the Bed and Breakfast Network and the local government, and the importance of an internet prescence and marketing. The folder contains a summary, index, and transcrip of the interview.","Mr. Goddin is a vocal opponent of the three-person zoning rule and advocated for an expansion to four people. He speaks about the tension at the time (late 2000s), his arrival in Williamsburg, his neighborhood through the years, his thoughts on current compromises to the rule, his position as a homeowner, and his perspectives on how to move forward balancing student and resident concerns. The folder contains a summary and index of the interview.","Bruce Larson is a civilian working for the Department of Defense (Navy) as the Senior Archaeologist and Cultural Resources Branch Head for Naval Facilities Engineering Command (NAVFAC). Mr. Larson speaks about his education, career, the value of interdisciplinary methodology when working with cultural resources, and the 1966 National Historic Preservation Act. The folder contains an index and transcript of the interview as well as a copy of Mr. Larson's curriculum vitae.","Mr. McGurk is a media correspondent for Kingsmill United. He speaks on how he came to Williamsburg, his experience as a Kingsmill resident, and the history of Kingsmill. The folder contains an index and transcript of the interview.","Tyler Morris currently lives at Fred Boelt's childhood home and sheds some light on how the property is used today and what the surrounding neighborhood is like. Tyler discusses her experience with the property, the neighborhood, the three-person rule, and Williamsburg in general. The folder contains a summary and index of the interview.","Amanda Morrow currently lives at CityGreen Apartments on Richmond Rd. and currently violates the three-person rule. She discusses her previous housing in Williamsburg, her reasons for moving off-campus, her current living situation, and the three-person rule more broadly. The folder contains an index and transcript of the interview.","Samuel Powell is a retired judge who discusess his work witht he Powhatan statue outside the courthouse and the Atlantic community concept that should be completed with two additional statues in the newr future. He speaks of the history of James City County courthouses as well as his involvement with Anheuser-Busch when he worked in private practice as a lawyer in Williamsburg, VA. The folder contains an index and transcript of the interview.","Caroline Raschbaum speaks about her experiences being born and growing up in a household with two opposing religions, finding a passion for Judaism at a young age, Judaism in Williamsburg, the concept of diaspora, and safe spaces for Jews in Williamsburg. The folder contains an index and transcript for the interview.","Folder contains maps and written reports.","The folder contains a research paper on hispanic communities in Williamsburg as well as an adult student registration form and a document from William and Mary written in Spanish.","The folder contains a research paper on the exstence of homelessness in relation to Williamsburg, Virginia's tourist economy.","The folder contains a research paper on protesters in Williamsburg as well as an NAACP brochure, copies of posters for Black Lives Matter, a message on a task force on Preventing Sexual Assult and Harrassment, a program for the Lemon Project Spring Symposium titled \"Ghosts of Slavery: The Afterlives of Racial Bondage\", and a CD.","The folder contains a research paper on bicycling in Williamsburg, a series of printed emails on bicycling in Williamsburg, a pamphlet for the ride cycling club at the YMCA, a series of printed letters requesting interviews, The Williamsburg, James City, and York regional bicycle facilities plan from 1997, printed slides from March 26, 2015 WATA Transit Riders Advisory Committee, amap of James City County, a pamphlet for BikeBeat, the Flying Wheel newsletter from April 2015, several more pamphlets on where to ride bikes in the area, and a syllabus for a class on bicycling basics from William and Mary.","The folder contains a research paper on public housing in Williamsburg, a copy of an application for admission to the public housing system, and a copy of a residential lease agreement that all tenants of the WRHA musst sign.","The folder contains a research paper on the influence of bus drivers on their students.","The folder contains a research paper on food security in Grove, Virginia.","Mr. Briggs speaks about growing up in Williamsburg, his medical diagnosis that left him unable to work, and his residence in public housing, specifically the Katherine Circle Apartments. The folder contains a summary and index of the interview.","Ms. Burton works for the Williamsburg Redevelopment and Housing Authority (WRHA) and speaks on the mission of the WRHA, the process of applying to public housing with the WRHA, how the lease works, and her feelings on the structure of the public housing system. The folder contains an index and transcript of the interview.","Lamar Gray is a 21-year old man who grew up and currently resides in Grove. He speaks on how he ate when he was a wrestler, how he eats now, how he eats healthy, and how he thinks about food. The folder contains an index of the interview.","Ms. Heard speaks about her childhood in \"White City\", her various professions, her relationship with Colonial Williamsburg, and her experiences as a union organizer and protestor. The folder contains an index and transcript of the interview.","Terry Jones is a resident of a public housing complex managed by the Williamsburg Redevelopment and Housing Authority (WRHA). They speak about their life history and experiences with housing. The folder contains an index and transcript of the interview.","Dorcas Juarez discusses her life in Williamsburg at church, at work, and about the challenges and discrimination that comes from speaking little English. She also speaks about her family, the Latino community, and her journey from El Salvador to Williamsburg. The interview is primarily in Spanish. The folder contains a summary and index of the interview, both in English.","Fred Liggin is a pastor at the Williamsburg Christian Church and the founder and president of 3E Restoration which uses mutual relationships to equip and empower homeless individuals to transition to self-sufficiency in everyday life. Mr. Liggin speaks about poverty and homelessness in Williamsburg, his hope for creating systemic change, and his belief that college students can/ have a powerful voice in changing the conversation surrounding homelessness. The folder contains an index and transcript of the interview.","Grace Martien discusses riding the Williamsburg James City County school bus from when she began middle school in 2006  through her senior year of high school. She mainly speaks about her interactions and relationships with bus drivers and the social stratification evident on the bus itself. The folder contains an index and transcript of the summary.","Reed Nester is the director of City Planning and discusses how he has changed bicycling in Williamsburg over the last 20 years, his daily commute to and from work, and his involvement with planning out bicycle paths and lanes in Williamsburg. The folder contains a summary, index, and transcript of the interview.","Robert and Sharon own a bike shop called Red Barn Bikes in New Kent County. They discuss their time biking in Williamsburg, their beilief that James City County is not working with bicyclists, their belief that Capital Trail is essential to growing the biking community, and the reasons they opened up their bicycle shop. The folder contains a summary and index of the interview.","Sam Smith speaks about Williamsburg's Office of Real Estate Assessment, the city's property values, and how those values are assigned. The folder contains an index and transcript of the interview.","Brenda Tejada discusses her life in Williamsburg at work, with systems like social services, and the overall difficulties she faces from being Latino. She talks about her family the Latino community, and her journey from El Salvador to Williamsburg. The interview is in both English and Spanish. The folder contains an index (in English) and a transcript (in a mix of English and Spanish) of the interview.","Rich Thompson discusses his time bicycling in Williamsburg, his involvement with cyclists at the College of William and Mary. He also speaks about his personal reasons for commuting to and from work via bicycle each day. The folder contains a summary and index of the interview.","Mary Turnbull is a bicyclist in Williamsburg and a founding member of the Williamsburg Area Bicyclists. Miss. Turnbull speaks about her experiences commuting between her home in York County and her job as a librarian at Lafayette High School and the importance of bike safety. The folder contains a summary and index of the interview.","Mrs. Little is a historian and daughter of Reverend Archibald F. Ward, Jr. who advocated on behalf of the displaced citizens of Magruder.","Corinne Garland spoke about her work at Williamsburg Preschool for Special Children, her experiences at Child Development Resources, and educational legislation concerning children with disabilities in public schools. This folder contains an index and transcript of the interview.","This interview was conducted by Andrew Cotman and was indexed by Marriya Schwarz with audio management by Nicholas DeAtley. The interview was later transcribed by Nicholas DeAtley, Marriya Schwarz, and Andrew Cotman. The interview took place during the afternoon of 3/15/18 in the third floor 311 classroom of the College of William and Mary American Studies building, located on 114 North Boundary Street Apt Williamsburg, VA 23185, using a Zoom H-1 Handy Voice Recorder. Overall the quality of the interview is very clear, however the volume of the interview was a little low. There was a little interference due to an AC unit turning on and off which may have obstructed slightly the clearness and volume of Ms. Bell's voice. Also, there was an interference early on in the interview because Ms. Bell's microphone detached from her jacket. During the interview, Barbara Bell discussed her experiences in various school systems, like Richmond Public Schools, Fairfax County Public Schools, Department of Defense Schools, and the Medina City School District, during her 35 years of teaching. She reflected on her experiences teaching students with varying socioeconomic statuses. Throughout the interview, she made references to the power of having diversity throughout the classroom, and the joy that she has gained from teaching. Towards the end of the interview, she discussed her work with homeless student populations and a program that she created, called Diversity-In-Actions that promotes knowledge of African-American culture. For clarity, the transcribers have eliminated ever \"um\" and \"uh\" from the transcription.","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team.","This interview was conducted by Andrew Cotman and was indexed by Marriya Schwarz with audio management by Nicholas DeAtley. The interview was later transcribed by Nicholas DeAtley, Marriya Schwarz, and Andrew Cotman. The interview took place during the afternoon of 3/15/18 in the third floor 311 classroom of the College of William and Mary American Studies building, located on 114 North Boundary Street Apt Williamsburg, VA 23185, using a Zoom H-1 Handy Voice Recorder. Overall the quality of the interview is very clear, however the volume of the interview was a little low. There was a little interference due to an AC unit turning on and off which may have obstructed slightly the clearness and volume of Ms. Bell's voice. Also, there was an interference early on in the interview because Ms. Bell's microphone detached from her jacket. During the interview, Barbara Bell discussed her experiences in various school systems, like Richmond Public Schools, Fairfax County Public Schools, Department of Defense Schools, and the Medina City School District, during her 35 years of teaching. She reflected on her experiences teaching students with varying socioeconomic statuses. Throughout the interview, she made references to the power of having diversity throughout the classroom, and the joy that she has gained from teaching. Towards the end of the interview, she discussed her work with homeless student populations and a program that she created, called Diversity-In-Actions that promotes knowledge of African-American culture. For clarity, the transcribers have eliminated ever \"um\" and \"uh\" from the transcription.","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team.","We interviewed Dr. Byrd-Poller on Tuesday, February 20th, 2018 in the upstairs classroom in the\ncollege apartments. Besides two brief distractions (one from a man hoping to print some papers\nand the other when we needed to get Dr. Byrd-Poller some water), the interview continued\nuninterrupted. We began by discussing her own experience growing up in the Williamsburg-\nJames City County school system and her children's experiences and how practices have\nchanged over time. We then began discussion of her twisting career path that eventually led her\nto her current position as Director of Human Resources at Thomas Nelson Community College.\nOne topic that was particularly relevant throughout the interview was the issue of diversity in her\nown schooling experience, her children's, and today as she plays a large role in hiring\nprospective staff.","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","We interviewed Dr. Byrd-Poller on Tuesday, February 20th, 2018 in the upstairs classroom in the\ncollege apartments. Besides two brief distractions (one from a man hoping to print some papers\nand the other when we needed to get Dr. Byrd-Poller some water), the interview continued\nuninterrupted. We began by discussing her own experience growing up in the Williamsburg-\nJames City County school system and her children's experiences and how practices have\nchanged over time. We then began discussion of her twisting career path that eventually led her\nto her current position as Director of Human Resources at Thomas Nelson Community College.\nOne topic that was particularly relevant throughout the interview was the issue of diversity in her\nown schooling experience, her children's, and today as she plays a large role in hiring\nprospective staff.","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","This interview was conducted by Shainir Bearfield and was indexed by Nicholas DeAtley with\naudio management done as well by Nicholas DeAtley. Nicholas DeAtley and Shainir Bearfield\nlater transcribed the interview together. The interview took place at 3:30 p.m. of March 23rd of\n2018, at the Land Tech Resources Inc. building located on 3925 Midlands road located in\nWilliamsburg, Virginia 23188 using a Zoom H-1 Handy Voice Recorder. Overall the quality of\nthe interview is very clear and all audio equipment worked extremely well. Interviewed was Lisa\nOwnby who serves as the Vice Chair of the Williainsburg James City County School board. She\nis also appointed as head of the special education advisory committee within the school board\nsystem. During the interview Lisa Ownby discusses how her relationship with her brother\nunfortunately suffering from numerous disabilities impacted her life choices and career path.\nThroughout the interview she discusses her early volunteering with Special Olympics eventually\nleading to her eventual work at Child Development Resources funded by the U.S. Department of\nEducation. Lisa Ownby in this interview offers her point of view on several facets of the\nWilliainsburg James City County Public school system. First and foremost she offers her\nperspective on funding of special education on a local, state and national level. This interview\nwas an excellent way to see how those working within the school board view the production of\nthe special education system and of what issues are taking place in the system in regards to\nfunding. Throughout this interview for clarity, the transcribers have eliminated \"um\" and \"uh\"\nfrom the transcription.","The content of this note came from the headnote created by the interview team. ","This interview was conducted by Shainir Bearfield and was indexed by Nicholas DeAtley with\naudio management done as well by Nicholas DeAtley. Nicholas DeAtley and Shainir Bearfield\nlater transcribed the interview together. The interview took place at 3:30 p.m. of March 23rd of\n2018, at the Land Tech Resources Inc. building located on 3925 Midlands road located in\nWilliamsburg, Virginia 23188 using a Zoom H-1 Handy Voice Recorder. Overall the quality of\nthe interview is very clear and all audio equipment worked extremely well. Interviewed was Lisa\nOwnby who serves as the Vice Chair of the Williainsburg James City County School board. She\nis also appointed as head of the special education advisory committee within the school board\nsystem. During the interview Lisa Ownby discusses how her relationship with her brother\nunfortunately suffering from numerous disabilities impacted her life choices and career path.\nThroughout the interview she discusses her early volunteering with Special Olympics eventually\nleading to her eventual work at Child Development Resources funded by the U.S. Department of\nEducation. Lisa Ownby in this interview offers her point of view on several facets of the\nWilliainsburg James City County Public school system. First and foremost she offers her\nperspective on funding of special education on a local, state and national level. This interview\nwas an excellent way to see how those working within the school board view the production of\nthe special education system and of what issues are taking place in the system in regards to\nfunding. Throughout this interview for clarity, the transcribers have eliminated \"um\" and \"uh\"\nfrom the transcription.","The content of this note came from the headnote created by the interview team. ","This interview was conducted by Shainir Bearfield and was indexed by Nicholas DeAtley with\naudio management done as well by Nicholas DeAtley. Nicholas DeAtley and Shainir Bearfield\nlater transcribed the interview together. The interview took place at 3:30 p.m. of March 23rd of\n2018, at the Land Tech Resources Inc. building located on 3925 Midlands road located in\nWilliamsburg, Virginia 23188 using a Zoom H-1 Handy Voice Recorder. Overall the quality of\nthe interview is very clear and all audio equipment worked extremely well. Interviewed was Lisa\nOwnby who serves as the Vice Chair of the Williainsburg James City County School board. She\nis also appointed as head of the special education advisory committee within the school board\nsystem. During the interview Lisa Ownby discusses how her relationship with her brother\nunfortunately suffering from numerous disabilities impacted her life choices and career path.\nThroughout the interview she discusses her early volunteering with Special Olympics eventually\nleading to her eventual work at Child Development Resources funded by the U.S. Department of\nEducation. Lisa Ownby in this interview offers her point of view on several facets of the\nWilliainsburg James City County Public school system. First and foremost she offers her\nperspective on funding of special education on a local, state and national level. This interview\nwas an excellent way to see how those working within the school board view the production of\nthe special education system and of what issues are taking place in the system in regards to\nfunding. Throughout this interview for clarity, the transcribers have eliminated \"um\" and \"uh\"\nfrom the transcription.","The content of this note came from the headnote created by the interview team. ","I interviewed Jennifer Albarracin at the William and Mary Barnes and Noble on Saturday, April\n7. We were originally meeting to interview Elias Martinez, a father of English Language\nLearning students in WJCC schools. However, by some miscommunication, even though he\narrived at the bookstore, we were never able to find each other. I'm guessing it was an issue with\nparking. After waiting an hour, I interviewed Jennifer. We discussed her own experience\ngrowing up in Fairfax, Virginia with the label of\"ESL\" and how it drove her towards academic\nsuccess because she wanted to leave behind the term \"ESL\" as an identifier. We also touched on\nher parents' interactions with the school system and how her relationship with her parents was\nstrained by communication barriers. Today, Jennifer is a William and Mary student, minoring in\nLatin American studies in order to learn more about her own roots. The background noise is\nrelatively loud throughout the interview, but the recording is still understandable. Although she\ndoes state her name as Jennifer Albarracin Moya in the recording, most of the time she goes by\nsolely her first last name, Albarracin, and so I decided to refer to her as Jennifer Albarracin after\nconsulting her preferences.","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","I interviewed Jennifer Albarracin at the William and Mary Barnes and Noble on Saturday, April\n7. We were originally meeting to interview Elias Martinez, a father of English Language\nLearning students in WJCC schools. However, by some miscommunication, even though he\narrived at the bookstore, we were never able to find each other. I'm guessing it was an issue with\nparking. After waiting an hour, I interviewed Jennifer. We discussed her own experience\ngrowing up in Fairfax, Virginia with the label of\"ESL\" and how it drove her towards academic\nsuccess because she wanted to leave behind the term \"ESL\" as an identifier. We also touched on\nher parents' interactions with the school system and how her relationship with her parents was\nstrained by communication barriers. Today, Jennifer is a William and Mary student, minoring in\nLatin American studies in order to learn more about her own roots. The background noise is\nrelatively loud throughout the interview, but the recording is still understandable. Although she\ndoes state her name as Jennifer Albarracin Moya in the recording, most of the time she goes by\nsolely her first last name, Albarracin, and so I decided to refer to her as Jennifer Albarracin after\nconsulting her preferences.","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","I interviewed Dr. Barko-Alva on Wednesday, March 21 in Swem library in a group study lounge\non the first floor (this gives reference for the occasional muffled voices in the background).\nEarlier in the day weren't sure if the interview was going to happen because it was snowy, but\nwe did end up completing the interview. We discussed Dr. Barko-Alava's educational\nbackground, beginning with her high school experience in Peru to finishing high school in the\nU.S. and going on to succeed at the University of Florida. She began teaching English her junior\nyear of college and once she graduated, she worked in the local public-school system. Dr. Barko-Alva\nwent back to UF to earn her Master's and Ph.D, and finally found herself at William and\nMary. We also discussed her involvement in educational activist work in Virginia and her\nexperiences 'in the Williamsburg-James City County school system. There were a few sections of\nthe narrative that were removed at the request of the narrator for various reasons including a\nconfidential conversation Dr. Barko-Alva is not at liberty to reveal. However, none of the deleted\nsections were crucial to the narrative being recounted.","The content of this note comes from the headnote created by the interview team. ","I interviewed Dr. Barko-Alva on Wednesday, March 21 in Swem library in a group study lounge\non the first floor (this gives reference for the occasional muffled voices in the background).\nEarlier in the day weren't sure if the interview was going to happen because it was snowy, but\nwe did end up completing the interview. We discussed Dr. Barko-Alava's educational\nbackground, beginning with her high school experience in Peru to finishing high school in the\nU.S. and going on to succeed at the University of Florida. She began teaching English her junior\nyear of college and once she graduated, she worked in the local public-school system. Dr. Barko-Alva\nwent back to UF to earn her Master's and Ph.D, and finally found herself at William and\nMary. We also discussed her involvement in educational activist work in Virginia and her\nexperiences 'in the Williamsburg-James City County school system. There were a few sections of\nthe narrative that were removed at the request of the narrator for various reasons including a\nconfidential conversation Dr. Barko-Alva is not at liberty to reveal. However, none of the deleted\nsections were crucial to the narrative being recounted.","The content of this note comes from the headnote created by the interview team. ","I interviewed Ms. Laura Carver on Tuesday, March 20 at her office in Hornsby Middle School.\nUnfortunately, a small portion of the oral history was lost because the voice recorder's memory\ncard filled up, and I did not notice it until after she was done responding to my question.\nHowever, the unrecorded section could not have been much longer than two or three minutes.\nMs. Carver is an English as a Second Language teacher in the WJCC school system and has been\nsince 2015, so we began the interview with a brief overview of her day-to-day interactions with\nEnglish Language Leaners and their parents. We also discussed her educational background and\nher experience working as a missionary and how both impact her interpretation of her role as an\nESL teacher. We ended the interview discussing the challenges of ESL education, specifically in\nthe local area, faced by the ELL students, their teachers, their families and guardians, and WJCC\nschool system .and a few possible ways to better address those challenges in the future. There\nwere three separate sections that were removed at the request of the Ms. Carver and they are\nnoted in the transcript. Nothing crucial to the slory line of her narrative was lost by these\ndeletions.","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","I interviewed Ms. Laura Carver on Tuesday, March 20 at her office in Hornsby Middle School.\nUnfortunately, a small portion of the oral history was lost because the voice recorder's memory\ncard filled up, and I did not notice it until after she was done responding to my question.\nHowever, the unrecorded section could not have been much longer than two or three minutes.\nMs. Carver is an English as a Second Language teacher in the WJCC school system and has been\nsince 2015, so we began the interview with a brief overview of her day-to-day interactions with\nEnglish Language Leaners and their parents. We also discussed her educational background and\nher experience working as a missionary and how both impact her interpretation of her role as an\nESL teacher. We ended the interview discussing the challenges of ESL education, specifically in\nthe local area, faced by the ELL students, their teachers, their families and guardians, and WJCC\nschool system .and a few possible ways to better address those challenges in the future. There\nwere three separate sections that were removed at the request of the Ms. Carver and they are\nnoted in the transcript. Nothing crucial to the slory line of her narrative was lost by these\ndeletions.","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","I interviewed Ms. Laura Carver on Tuesday, March 20 at her office in Hornsby Middle School.\nUnfortunately, a small portion of the oral history was lost because the voice recorder's memory\ncard filled up, and I did not notice it until after she was done responding to my question.\nHowever, the unrecorded section could not have been much longer than two or three minutes.\nMs. Carver is an English as a Second Language teacher in the WJCC school system and has been\nsince 2015, so we began the interview with a brief overview of her day-to-day interactions with\nEnglish Language Leaners and their parents. We also discussed her educational background and\nher experience working as a missionary and how both impact her interpretation of her role as an\nESL teacher. We ended the interview discussing the challenges of ESL education, specifically in\nthe local area, faced by the ELL students, their teachers, their families and guardians, and WJCC\nschool system .and a few possible ways to better address those challenges in the future. There\nwere three separate sections that were removed at the request of the Ms. Carver and they are\nnoted in the transcript. Nothing crucial to the slory line of her narrative was lost by these\ndeletions.","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","I sent these questions sent to Dr. Patricia Tilghman by email, which explains the odd formatting\nof this document. Her responses follow each bolded question. Dr. Tilghman gave me an\noverview of the ESL program in WJCC schools as well as information about her own\nbackground in ESL education. She also discussed a few of the largest challenges WJCC schools\nface in engaging parents of ESL students. Informed consent was received through email. I have\nprinted that out, along with a Deed of Gift.","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","This interview was conducted and later indexed by Marriya Schwarz. The interview took place \nduring the evening of 4.4.18 at the College of William \u0026 Mary's Swem Library in Group Study\nRoom 235, using a Zoom H-1 Handy Voice Recorder. Overall, the quality of the interview is\nfairly clear. There is some interference due to people talking and playing music loudly over in\nthe next room. During the interview, Alexis Brender A. Brandis discussed her experiences as an\nathlete. She has been involved with Track \u0026 Field, gymnastics, and Tae Kwon Do. She went on\nto discuss some of her experiences as a current member of the College of William \u0026 Mary's\nTrack \u0026 Field team. She reflected on her experiences with various Williamsburg-James City\nCounty Schools and discussed different experiences with teachers. Towards the end of the\ninterview, she discussed her relationship with her family, namely her unofficial \"adoptive\nbrother,\" Ramon, her experiences so far as a sophomore at the College of William \u0026 Mary, and\nher experiences with having a connection to both the Williamsburg community and the College.","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","This interview was conducted and later indexed by Marriya Schwarz. The interview took place \nduring the evening of 4.4.18 at the College of William \u0026 Mary's Swem Library in Group Study\nRoom 235, using a Zoom H-1 Handy Voice Recorder. Overall, the quality of the interview is\nfairly clear. There is some interference due to people talking and playing music loudly over in\nthe next room. During the interview, Alexis Brender A. Brandis discussed her experiences as an\nathlete. She has been involved with Track \u0026 Field, gymnastics, and Tae Kwon Do. She went on\nto discuss some of her experiences as a current member of the College of William \u0026 Mary's\nTrack \u0026 Field team. She reflected on her experiences with various Williamsburg-James City\nCounty Schools and discussed different experiences with teachers. Towards the end of the\ninterview, she discussed her relationship with her family, namely her unofficial \"adoptive\nbrother,\" Ramon, her experiences so far as a sophomore at the College of William \u0026 Mary, and\nher experiences with having a connection to both the Williamsburg community and the College.","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","This interview was conducted by Marriya Schwarz and indexed by Brenna Cowardin. The\ninterview was later transcribed by Marriya Schwarz. The interview took place during the evening\nof 4/12/18 in front of theater at the Williamsburg Regional Library on Scotland Street, using a\nZoom H-1 Handy Voice Recorder. Overall, the quality of the interview is fairly clear, but the\nvolume is somewhat low. There is some interference due to people filing in and out of the\nWilliamsburg Library, but the audio still can be heard. During the interview, Sylvia Shearin\nWillis discussed her experiences with education within Williamsburg-James City County\nSchools, primarily her experiences with Bruton Heights School and later James Blair High\nSchool after integration in 1966. She reflected on the differences between the two schools. She\nalso discussed her experiences with the different teaching at both schools and minority teaching.\nTowards the end of the interview, she also discussed her experiences with historically black\ncolleges, as well as the educational experiences of her two daughters. For clarity and as\nrequested by the narrator, the transcriber has eliminated every \"um,\" \"uh,\" and \"like\" from the\ntranscription.","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team.","This interview was conducted by Marriya Schwarz and indexed by Brenna Cowardin. The\ninterview was later transcribed by Marriya Schwarz. The interview took place during the evening\nof 4/12/18 in front of theater at the Williamsburg Regional Library on Scotland Street, using a\nZoom H-1 Handy Voice Recorder. Overall, the quality of the interview is fairly clear, but the\nvolume is somewhat low. There is some interference due to people filing in and out of the\nWilliamsburg Library, but the audio still can be heard. During the interview, Sylvia Shearin\nWillis discussed her experiences with education within Williamsburg-James City County\nSchools, primarily her experiences with Bruton Heights School and later James Blair High\nSchool after integration in 1966. She reflected on the differences between the two schools. She\nalso discussed her experiences with the different teaching at both schools and minority teaching.\nTowards the end of the interview, she also discussed her experiences with historically black\ncolleges, as well as the educational experiences of her two daughters. For clarity and as\nrequested by the narrator, the transcriber has eliminated every \"um,\" \"uh,\" and \"like\" from the\ntranscription.","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team.","I interviewed Shamir Bearfield at Swem Library, located rather centrally on the William and Mary campus, in group study room 118. This room is located on the quieter side of the first floor of Swem, and we were therefore able converse without interruption throughout the interview. The interview focused on Shamir's educational experiences growing up, particularly his movement from public to private school and the influence of football on his academic career. We also discussed his transition from a public middle school to a private high school and how that better prepared him for college at William and Mary.","The content of this note comes directly from the headnote created by the interview team. ","I interviewed Shamir Bearfield at Swem Library, located rather centrally on the William and Mary campus, in group study room 118. This room is located on the quieter side of the first floor of Swem, and we were therefore able converse without interruption throughout the interview. The interview focused on Shamir's educational experiences growing up, particularly his movement from public to private school and the influence of football on his academic career. We also discussed his transition from a public middle school to a private high school and how that better prepared him for college at William and Mary.","The content of this note comes directly from the headnote created by the interview team. ","I interviewed Shamir Bearfield at Swem Library, located rather centrally on the William and Mary campus, in group study room 118. This room is located on the quieter side of the first floor of Swem, and we were therefore able converse without interruption throughout the interview. The interview focused on Shamir's educational experiences growing up, particularly his movement from public to private school and the influence of football on his academic career. We also discussed his transition from a public middle school to a private high school and how that better prepared him for college at William and Mary.","The content of this note comes directly from the headnote created by the interview team. ","This interview was conducted by Marriya Schwarz with Nicholas DeAtley indexing during the interview. Marriya Schwarz later transcribed the entire interview. The interview took place in the afternoon of 2/6/18 in the College Apartments where the American Studies Department is located at the College of William \u0026 Mary in Williamsburg, VA. During the interview, Andrew Cotman discussed his experiences growing up in Henrico, Virginia. He described his experience with education starting from elementary school to now, where he is currently a senior at the College of William \u0026 Mary. For clarity, I have eliminated every \"um\" and \"uh.\"","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","This interview was conducted by Marriya Schwarz with Nicholas DeAtley indexing during the interview. Marriya Schwarz later transcribed the entire interview. The interview took place in the afternoon of 2/6/18 in the College Apartments where the American Studies Department is located at the College of William \u0026 Mary in Williamsburg, VA. During the interview, Andrew Cotman discussed his experiences growing up in Henrico, Virginia. He described his experience with education starting from elementary school to now, where he is currently a senior at the College of William \u0026 Mary. For clarity, I have eliminated every \"um\" and \"uh.\"","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","This interview was conducted by Marriya Schwarz with Nicholas DeAtley indexing during the interview. Marriya Schwarz later transcribed the entire interview. The interview took place in the afternoon of 2/6/18 in the College Apartments where the American Studies Department is located at the College of William \u0026 Mary in Williamsburg, VA. During the interview, Andrew Cotman discussed his experiences growing up in Henrico, Virginia. He described his experience with education starting from elementary school to now, where he is currently a senior at the College of William \u0026 Mary. For clarity, I have eliminated every \"um\" and \"uh.\"","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","The interview with Brenna Cowardin was recorded on a Tuesday afternoon in a group study room in Earl Greg Swem Library on the William \u0026 Mary Campus. Other than our voices, the room was quiet because the door was closed. The room was lined with windows in Brenna's line of sight, which showed students walking around study tables and talking. The only other person in the room was the indexer, Shamir Bearfield. Brenna has a passion education, especially for students who are learning English as a Second Language (ESL). Brenna talks about her interest in education as she reflects on her own experience in the Harrisonburg city public schools in Virginia. Although she has no current plans for entering the educational field, she hopes to use her acquisition of the Spanish language to bridge the gaps for these students and their families in the American public education system. ","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","The interview with Brenna Cowardin was recorded on a Tuesday afternoon in a group study room in Earl Greg Swem Library on the William \u0026 Mary Campus. Other than our voices, the room was quiet because the door was closed. The room was lined with windows in Brenna's line of sight, which showed students walking around study tables and talking. The only other person in the room was the indexer, Shamir Bearfield. Brenna has a passion education, especially for students who are learning English as a Second Language (ESL). Brenna talks about her interest in education as she reflects on her own experience in the Harrisonburg city public schools in Virginia. Although she has no current plans for entering the educational field, she hopes to use her acquisition of the Spanish language to bridge the gaps for these students and their families in the American public education system. ","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","The interview with Brenna Cowardin was recorded on a Tuesday afternoon in a group study room in Earl Greg Swem Library on the William \u0026 Mary Campus. Other than our voices, the room was quiet because the door was closed. The room was lined with windows in Brenna's line of sight, which showed students walking around study tables and talking. The only other person in the room was the indexer, Shamir Bearfield. Brenna has a passion education, especially for students who are learning English as a Second Language (ESL). Brenna talks about her interest in education as she reflects on her own experience in the Harrisonburg city public schools in Virginia. Although she has no current plans for entering the educational field, she hopes to use her acquisition of the Spanish language to bridge the gaps for these students and their families in the American public education system. ","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","I interviewed Nicholas DeAtley in a classroom on the third floor of the William and Mary College Apartments building. Nicholas provides a brief yet, enlightening account of his life history. Nicholas discusses a wonderful history of his upbringing from being born in Colombia and brought to the United States at a very young age, to his wonderful childhood with his adoptive family, and his aspirations to play sports in college. ","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","I interviewed Nicholas DeAtley in a classroom on the third floor of the William and Mary College Apartments building. Nicholas provides a brief yet, enlightening account of his life history. Nicholas discusses a wonderful history of his upbringing from being born in Colombia and brought to the United States at a very young age, to his wonderful childhood with his adoptive family, and his aspirations to play sports in college. ","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","I interviewed Ms. Marriya Schwarz in the third floor 311 classroom of the William and Mary American Studies academic building, located on 114 North Boundary St. Williamsburg, VA 23185. This was my first time interviewing with the Zoom H-1 Handy Voice Recorder. Overall the quality of the interview is very clear, however the volume of the interview was a little low. This was Marriya's first time being interviewed so she was a little nervous despite some nerves, overall the interview went very well and was very natural. Marriya discusses in the interview where she is from and her upbringing. Detailed are her experiences growing up in Herndon, Virginia with her sister as well as her transition to high school where she excelled in many extracurricular activities. As a high school senior she also detailed many of her experiences transitioning from high school to college and the nerve wrecking college decision process that many seniors go through so often. Throughout my transcript I have decided to remove the majority of non-verbal utterances such as \"uh\" and \"um\" because it does not represent by my opinion an important aspect of Marriya's speaking style. I also felt it hindered the fluidity of the transcript as it occurred throughout the interview quite often. Marriya is a very academically focused person, who has garnered some very highly regarded awards from her scholastic work. Her ultimate goal is to become a screenwriter and intends to follow that passion after she graduates from the College of William and Mary.","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","I interviewed Ms. Marriya Schwarz in the third floor 311 classroom of the William and Mary American Studies academic building, located on 114 North Boundary St. Williamsburg, VA 23185. This was my first time interviewing with the Zoom H-1 Handy Voice Recorder. Overall the quality of the interview is very clear, however the volume of the interview was a little low. This was Marriya's first time being interviewed so she was a little nervous despite some nerves, overall the interview went very well and was very natural. Marriya discusses in the interview where she is from and her upbringing. Detailed are her experiences growing up in Herndon, Virginia with her sister as well as her transition to high school where she excelled in many extracurricular activities. As a high school senior she also detailed many of her experiences transitioning from high school to college and the nerve wrecking college decision process that many seniors go through so often. Throughout my transcript I have decided to remove the majority of non-verbal utterances such as \"uh\" and \"um\" because it does not represent by my opinion an important aspect of Marriya's speaking style. I also felt it hindered the fluidity of the transcript as it occurred throughout the interview quite often. Marriya is a very academically focused person, who has garnered some very highly regarded awards from her scholastic work. Her ultimate goal is to become a screenwriter and intends to follow that passion after she graduates from the College of William and Mary.","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","I interviewed Ms. Marriya Schwarz in the third floor 311 classroom of the William and Mary American Studies academic building, located on 114 North Boundary St. Williamsburg, VA 23185. This was my first time interviewing with the Zoom H-1 Handy Voice Recorder. Overall the quality of the interview is very clear, however the volume of the interview was a little low. This was Marriya's first time being interviewed so she was a little nervous despite some nerves, overall the interview went very well and was very natural. Marriya discusses in the interview where she is from and her upbringing. Detailed are her experiences growing up in Herndon, Virginia with her sister as well as her transition to high school where she excelled in many extracurricular activities. As a high school senior she also detailed many of her experiences transitioning from high school to college and the nerve wrecking college decision process that many seniors go through so often. Throughout my transcript I have decided to remove the majority of non-verbal utterances such as \"uh\" and \"um\" because it does not represent by my opinion an important aspect of Marriya's speaking style. I also felt it hindered the fluidity of the transcript as it occurred throughout the interview quite often. Marriya is a very academically focused person, who has garnered some very highly regarded awards from her scholastic work. Her ultimate goal is to become a screenwriter and intends to follow that passion after she graduates from the College of William and Mary.","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","I interviewed Mr. Robert Braxton in the College Apartments, which is located on Boundary Street in Williamsburg, VA, in the office of the Williamsburg Documentary Project.  Mr. Braxton was very engaged with the topic and welcoming of any questions that we had for him.  He began his interview by drawing out a revised version of a map of the Triangle, which we drew a copy of.  Having grown up in the area surrounding the Triangle, Mr. Braxton had a valuable perspective on the area.  We covered topics regarding the businesses that were located on the Triangle, how the redevelopment project occurred, and the progress that Williamsburg is making today, in addition to Mr. Braxton's experience on City Council. ","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","I interviewed Steve Harris in College Apartments 5a, overlooking the businesses and traffic at the corner of Prince George Street and South Boundary Street. It was a nice day out and we were lucky that Mr. Harris, who was visiting from Michigan where he now spends much of his time, had lent of his limited time in Williamsburg to the WDP's research of the Triangle Block. The conversation spanned the pre-redevelopment, redevelopment, and post-redevelopment periods of the Triangle's history, starting from Mr. Harris's days at Marshall-Wythe Law School. Mr. Harris brought with him a series of printed-out aerial photographs of the Triangle which he refers to multiple times during the interview.","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","Samantha and I interviewed Mr. Parker in one of the conference rooms on the first floor of College Apartments. He brought along a large binder full of documents that he allowed us to make copies of later, so there are times throughout the recording and transcript that he pauses to look at his materials or pull out a piece for our use. We discovered him through his association with the Society of Friends of African American History, the group responsible for the monument at the Triangle, so a lot of our focus was on that. He also shared his personal feelings about redevelopment and other issues surrounding the history of African Americans in Williamsburg. Early in the interview, there is some confusion over where Mr. Parker was to sign on the informed consent form, so there are pauses as we examined the form.","The content of this note is taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","I, Kandace Kimber, and Francie Zidonis interviewed Tony Conyers in Adriene's office in the College Apartments. Unfortunately, the room wasn't sound proof and there were renovations being done in the hallway so there is some background noise that can be heard in recording. Conyers is a native to Williamsburg and has spent majority of his career in both local and federal government. During the interview we discuss his upbringing and adulthood in Williamsburg, his experience developing new initiatives for the citizens in the city, and what he envisions for Williamsburg and James City County in the future. ","The content of this note comes from the headnote created by the interview team. ","I interviewed former City Councilman Scott Foster in one of the offices on the second floor of the college apartments. It was a very comfortable and casual atmosphere and I believe Mr. Foster had no trouble expressing himself in that environment. Scott Foster was a former student at the College of William \u0026 Mary ('10) and the first student to be elected to the Williamsburg City Council serving from 2010-2018. He has now retired from the City Council and resides in Skipwith Farms with his wife, working at a local law firm. We spoke a lot about Foster's time at the college (as well as, the law school), affordability in Williamsburg, and his overall passion for the city.","The content of this note comes from the headnote created by the interview team. ","We interviewed Roy Gerardi and Tyrone Franklin in a small office in the Municipal Building, located at 401 Lafayette Street, on Friday, April 12. Mr. Gerardi could not stay for the duration of the interview, but before he was called out, he discussed his role in the Williamsburg Redevelopment and Housing Authority (WRHA), some of the programs available for low-income residents, and what he terms the \"five-fold reality\" of poverty. During his half of the interview, Mr. Franklin, the newly hired executive director for the WRHA, spoke about his experiences with affordable housing in his previous roles and his plans for Williamsburg moving forward.  ","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team.","I interviewed Albert and Liz Johnson in the living room of their home in the BrookHaven neighborhood, which is located off of Ironbound road in James City County. While both Al and Liz participated in the interview, only Al wore a microphone so many of Liz's contributions are quiet or difficult to hear. I have done my best to transcribe them accurately, but some of her comments were indistinguishable due to the distance. The Johnsons seemed happy to welcome us into their home and to speak with us about Brookhaven. They have participated in the Williamsburg Documentary Project in the past and are experienced interviewees among American Studies students. During the interview the Johnsons showed us plans for the neighborhood, documents from Al's restaurant career, and photographs of their restaurant. We discussed the history and milieu of Brookhaven and Al's role as a founder of the neighborhood and a local entrepreneur. ","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","I interviewed Mr. Small in a conference room in the Public Works and Utilities department of the Williamsburg Municipal Building, located off of Lafayette Street in Williamsburg, Virginia. Mr. Small is a Williamsburg native and the current city engineer. His father worked in city planning in Williamsburg and James City County as well, helping to develop neighborhoods like Newtown and Fords Colony. As someone who has lived here for almost his entire life, Mr. Small has developed an extensive interest in the history of the development of Williamsburg. Our interview covers a number of topics, including why Williamsburg and the surrounding areas began to expand and develop in the eighties and nineties, moving into the history of various neighborhoods and areas, and finishing with a better understanding about how various aspects of the environment affect the way the city is developed. Throughout the course of the interview, there are various references to Google Maps, which Mr. Small was showing us on a projector, and to a smaller map in the room of Williamsburg with the understanding that it looks like a turkey.","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","I interviewed Ms. Kandace Kimber in one of the Swem Library study rooms on the first floor (room 134C). The room was noticeably brighter than many of the surrounding rooms and areas and did somewhat disturb the individuals in the room. Kandace is a senior at the College and a Virginia native coming from Petersburg, VA. We spoke a lot about her living situation and went into great detail about her plans for the future. Kandace had a very relaxed demeanor and if she was nervous for the interview, one could not tell. A variety of topics were touched on during the interview concerning Kandace's personal life goals, about which she seemed very keen to talk about. ","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","I interviewed Ms. Resha in her office in the College Apartmnets, located on South Boundary Street in Williamsburg, VA. This is a practice interview for class, my second time every interviewing someone and my first time leading an interview on my own. Ms. Resha is 24 years old and a graduate student in the American Studies department, and the Teaching Assistant for our class. She studies Arab and Muslim representation in comic books. We discussed her research to some extent, but also focused a lot on her sense of what home has meant to her at varying points in her life. Ms. Resha considers herself to be \"from\" Florida, but has also lived in a number of places like Alabama, Charlottesville, VA, and Williamsburg.","The content of this note comes from the headnote created by the interview team. ","I interviewed Brenna Thanner in a Swem library study room (134c), adjacent to the computer lab. We were the first in our group to interview. The room we were in was a comfortable size but the fluorescent overhead lights were extremely bright and hot. In the interview, I primarily ask Brenna about her family home in Jacksonville, Florida and her experiences in Williamsburg.","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","I interviewed Francie Zidonis in College Apartments (114 N Boundary Street) room 224 the evening of Sunday, February 24th, 2019. By the time we had finished this interview, it was dark outside. The narrator, indexer, and myself had each already participated in two other practice interviews prior to conducting this interview. There is no remarkable outside noise; however, there are occasionally moments when laughter overwhelms the interview. We discussed Francie's hometown, Columbus, Ohio, and Williamsburg, often the College of William \u0026 Mary specifically, among other things.","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","This interview was conducted by Hallie Feinman and indexed by Austin Curtis. The interview took place on the morning of 2/8/21 via Zoom. Ava Coles discussed her childhood growing up in rural Virginia and the changes that came when her family moved to Charlottesville. She talks about her relationship with her family and siblings as well as her community at large.  Special interest is paid to the impacts of her education and upbringing and the impacts they have had on her life as an adult.","Description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","This interview was conducted by Austin Curtis and indexed by Ava Coles. The interview took place on the afternoon of April 14, 2021 over Zoom. Janet Cummings describes the ways in which she has adjusted the efforts of the Relief Society of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Williamsburg to strengthen bonds of sisterhood among Latter-day Saint women. ","Description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","This interview was conducted by Ava Coles and indexed by Hallie Feinman. The\ninterview took place on the morning of 2/8/21 via Zoom. Austin Curtis discussed his childhood\ngrowing up as the son of two diplomats. He talks about the various places he lived as well as his\nrelationship with his siblings and why he chose to attend William \u0026 Mary.","Description comes from the headnote created by the interview team. ","This interview was conducted by Jasmine Geonzon and was indexed by Maeve Quigley. The\nentire interview was not transcribed. The interview took place on the morning of 4/26/2021 over\nZoom. Ms. Davis discussed her experiences as a patron and employee of the Williamsburg\nRegional Library, the library's role in the Williamsburg community, and the WRL's response to\nthe COVID-19 pandemic.","Description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team.","This oral history was conducted by Austin Curtis who later indexed and used happyscribe.com to transcribe the interview. This interview occurred at noon on February 8th, 2021 in Ava Cole's Personal Zoom Meeting Room. Hallie Feinman talks about her childhood and dissociative disorder. A condition which as she describes it as feeling like \"watching someone else pantomime through life [like] you,\" (03:40). Hallie Feinmen also addresses how COVID quarantines have affected her mental health. ","Description taken from headnote created by the interview team.","This interview was conducted by Maeve Quigley and was indexed by Jasmine Geonzon. The\nentire interview was later transcribed using Otter.ai. The interview took place on the afternoon of\n4/12/2021 over Zoom. Ms. Fowler discussed her life and work history, her role as the director of\nthe Williamsburg Regional Library, the library's role in the Williamsburg community, and the\nWRL's response to the COVID-19 pandemic.","Description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team.","This interview was conducted by Amy Nadel and Johnette Weaver with Colleen Rodgers indexing. The interview took place virtually via Zoom video conferencing software in the afternoon of 4/30/21. All involved were sitting in their homes. Mrs. Weaver both helped interview her mother and served as another narrator by interjecting at times to provide helpful context to what Mrs. Gordon was saying. Mrs. Gordon discusses growing up in Magruder then moving to Highland Park, both Black neighborhoods. She shares her impressions of being a part of her Church community, going to segregated Bruton Heights School, being married to a Marine, and her desire to give her children as many educational opportunities as possible. Also, she shares her opinion of how Highland Park has changed over time and the impact of Covid 19 on her life.","Description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team.","This interview was conducted by Lauren White and indexed by Austin Curtis. The interview\ntook place on the morning of April 28, 2021 over Zoom. Tawanda Hammond describes the ways\nin which she started operating her own decorative cake shop at a young age and moved around\nlocations before ending up in Williamsburg. Hammond describes the ways her business was\nforced to adapt during the COVID-19 pandemic and the adversities that she faced. Hammond\nalso discusses the community of Williamsburg, and how it can improve on being more inclusive.","Description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team.","In this exercise, Jasmine Geonzon interviews Ron Littman with assistance from Sol Gallego-Garcia, who indexed the interview as it was taking place. The interview took place in the afternoon of 2/10/2021, as each Ron, Jasmine, and Sol were each in their respective homes, meeting over a recorded Zoom session. Here, Ron Littman discusses growing up in Williamsburg, having an unconventional school trajectory, and current college life. This transcription was created with the help of Otter.ai with necessary adjustments made for accuracy.","Description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","This interview was conducted by Lauren White and indexed by Ava Coles. The interview took\nplace on the afternoon of 2/25/21 over Zoom. Hatley Mason discussed his difficult decision to\nclose Mermaid Books, which he ran for over eleven years.","Description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","This interview of Amy Nadel was conducted by Colleen Rodgers and indexed by Maeve Quigley\non Sunday, February 7, 2021, at 3:40pm. The interview took place virtually due to the impact of\nthe COVID-19 pandemic and was done over Zoom, but Ms. Nadel was located in her room in an\noff-campus house. In the interview, Ms. Nadel discusses her experience of living abroad during\nthe onset of the pandemic in March of 2020.","Description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","This interview was conducted by Colleen Rodgers with Hallie Feinman indexing. The interview\ntook place virtually via Zoom at 5:00pm on Wednesday, May 5, 2021. In the interview, Macie\nOsborn, the mother of two sons currently enrolled in Williamsburg-James City County (WJCC)\nPublic Schools, discusses her experience with online learning during the Covid-19 pandemic.\nShe details the experiences of each of her sons, one in elementary school and one in middle\nschool, and expresses gratitude for WJCC's ability to adapt to an ever-changing pandemic-era\nworld.","This description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","I interviewed Maeve Quigley on Zoom. She was in her on-campus dorm room, while I was in\nmy off campus room. It was a cloudy, rainy day. Maeve seemed relaxed and ready to speak to us\nabout her experience moving to different places while growing up because she was smiling\nthroughout. She explained how living in three different regions within Virginia shaped her life.\nMaeve was 21 years old during the interview.","This description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","I interviewed Miss Rodgers over Zoom. Miss Rodgers was excited to describe how her family\nhistory shared interesting parallels with John Steinbeck's East of Eden . She gave some\nbackground on the book before delving into her own family's stories, including some funny\nstories passed down from her grandparents and older relatives.","The description is taken from the headnote created by the interview team.","This interview was conducted by Hallie Feinman with Colleen Rodgers indexing. This interview took place virtually over Zoom on Thursday, April 22nd, at 7 PM. The interview was roughly thirty minutes long. In the interview, local community college student Savannah Merriman talked about her time as a high school senior during the beginning of COVID-19 and her subsequent experiences with graduation, community college, and different communities in her life. Towards the latter half of the interview, Savannah spends time talking about her experiences with social media. ","Description taken from headnote created by interview team.","This interview was conducted by Lauren White and indexed by Michelle Lelièvre. The interview\ntook place on the afternoon of April 21, 2021 over Zoom. Michelle Lelièvre was in Richmond.\nLauren White was in Williamsburg. Monique Sowell (MS1) and Michelle Seiling (MS2) were in\nthe office of the Hound's Tale in Williamsburg. Sowell and Seiling discuss their relationship with\nAromas Cafe, how they reacted to the early stages of the pandemic, and the adversities they\nfaced. They also discuss the different programs they received financial aid from, as well as\nbusiness plans for the upcoming future.","This description is taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","I interviewed Bishop David Trichler over Zoom. Bishop Trichler about becoming Bishop of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS) in Williamsburg, how his congregation adjusted to COVID health protocols, and his own personal relationship with the Mormon faith.","The description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","This interview was conducted by Colleen Rodgers with Amy Nadel indexing. The interview took\nplace virtually via Zoom at 8:00pm on Tuesday, April 13, 2021. In the interview, Bruton High\nSchool senior Cate Westenberger discusses her life in Williamsburg. She describes her public\nschool experience prior to and during the Covid-19 pandemic, as well as her experience with\nextracurricular activities such as sports and her job at Wythe Candy in Colonial Williamsburg.","This description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team.","This interview was conducted by Ava Coles and indexed by Lauren White. The interview took place on the afternoon of 4/16/21 over Zoom. Becki Wildenburger discussed her engagement with House of Mercy as a Housing Navigator, personal motivations, and House of Mercy's relationship with the Williamsburg community. Ms. Wildenburger detailed the landscape of affordable housing in Williamsburg and discussed how her role has changed during the COVID-19 pandemic.","This interview was conducted by Ava Coles on April 19th, 2021 over Zoom. Ms. Wolosynowski discussed the origins of the Williamsburg House of Mercy and her experience as the founder and executive director. During COVID-19, she forged critical community coalitions to further the mission of her organization and served the Williamsburg community through impressive food and housing services. ","This description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","In this roundtable interview, Colonial Williamsburg Foundation employees Adam Canaday, Janice Canaday, and Paul Undra Jeter join the Director of Engagement at the Muscarelle Museum and visual artist Steve Prince and discuss the memorialization of African American history in Williamsburg, representation in the arts, local and national resistance to historical truth-telling, and visions for honoring African American ancestors. The Canadays discuss how being descendants of the first Black families of Williamsburg shaped both their careers as interpreters of African American history in CW. They also detail the legacy of Black labor in Williamsburg and express their frustrations with current obstacles to include African American representations in museums. Mr. Prince discusses his role as a visual artist, how he incorporates tragic histories within beautiful images, the power of visual representation, and how the lack of African American representation in public spaces harms the community. The narrators ask each other questions and relate their experiences throughout their discussion since this was the first time the CW employees met Steve Prince and the interviewers. The interview was conducted by undergraduate student Katherine 'Kate' Zabinski and indexed by her classmate Jamie Carkenord on April 20, 2022, at the Colonial Williamsburg Interpreters Office located at 427 Franklin Street in Williamsburg, VA. In the roundtable, Zabinski references the conversations she previously had with other community members who share local history with the roundtable participants. The roundtable interview was completed for an oral history research project in AMST 410: The Williamsburg Documentary Project, taught by Professor Michelle Lelièvre.","This description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","This interview was conducted by Jamie Carkenord and was indexed by Katherine Zabinski. The interview was transcribed. The interview took place on the morning of 1/28/2022 over Zoom. Ms. Clark discussed her life story moving across the country multiple times, what her childhood was like, and her college experience as an American Studies major.","This description is taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","In this interview, William and Mary student Jamie Carkenord discusses how and why she chose to pursue an undergraduate degree in American Studies and how the program has influenced her life. Carkenord describes how she chose American Studies because the interdisciplinary elements that allow her to study many topics and choose her own specialization of her interests. She explains how her mother also majored in American studies and how her mother's descriptions of history departments discouraged her from majoring in history. In American Studies, Carkenord found ease in both completing classes and scheduling new ones. Carkenord discusses how her major has increased her interest in Black American history and overall histories of minority groups in the United States, which have been the most rewarding features of her degree work. Carkenord's journey in American studies has changed the way she views social, political, legal, and economic factors of American society and she states that she continues to look for why historical events happen and who made them occur.","This description is taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","This interview was conducted and indexed by Teresa Clark. The interview took place on the afternoon of 04/22/2022 over Zoom. Ms. Cleveland discussed her journey as an artist in places like Chicago, Arizona, Williamsburg, and more. She discussed her artistic medium, the themes she draws on, and how her Williamsburg public art sculptures came to be. Ms. Cleveland also embeds her perspective on Williamsburg's public art scene in a story about coming back to the town herself and becoming a mother.","This description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","In this interview, Christopher Custalow (a citizen of the Oklahoma Cherokee Nation),\nKody Grant (a citizen of the Pueblo of Isleta and a descendant of the Eastern Band of Cherokee\nIndians), and Martin Saniga (a citizen of the Saponi Tribe out of Person County, North Carolina\nand Halifax County, Virginia) discuss their experiences working as American Indian interpreters\nin the tourism industry and the evolution of Indigenous representation in Colonial Williamsburg.\nThe narrators share information about their personal journeys with their cultural identities, the\ndifficulties and rewards about their career, and their hopes for the expansion of American Indian\nprogramming at Colonial Williamsburg.\nThis interview was conducted by Alison Walsh, and it was indexed by Alex Luck. The entire\ninterview was transcribed. The interview took place during the morning of 04/19/2022 on a\nZoom call.","This description was taken from a headnote created by the interview team. ","This interview was conducted, transcribed and indexed by Teresa Clark, The interview took place on the afternoon of 02/18/2022 at the city Municipal Buildings. Williamsburg Public Art Council members and Tourism Development specialist and WPAC staff liaison Joanna Skrabala discussed their role on the council, their view of public art, and the WPAC's work. ","This description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","In this interview, Rev. Dr. Julie Grace discusses how her involvement in the Historic First Baptist Church in Williamsburg, VA throughout her childhood led to her career as a minister and her dedication to preserving African American history. She details her family's history living in Williamsburg and working for the Colonial Williamsburg Foundation, her experiences going to segregated schools, and how many Black residents view the tourism districts differently with their ancestors' dispossessions in mind. Dr. Grace describes how her ancestors' 19th-century lives as successful Black business and landowners along Duke of Gloucester Street, like Alexander Dunlop, and the overall prosperity of the African American community in Williamsburg are neglected histories that need to be commemorated in the city's physical landscape. She also expresses her personal thoughts on memorialization of African American history in the Colonial Capital of Virginia. The interview was conducted by undergraduate student Katherine 'Kate' Zabinski and indexed by her classmate Karissa McDonald on April 25, 2022, using the Zoom video conferencing platform. In the interview, Zabinski references the roundtable discussion she previously conducted with other community members who share local history with Dr. Grace. The interview was completed for an oral history research project in AMST 410: the Williamsburg Documentary Project, taught by Professor Michelle Lelièvre.","This description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","This interview was conducted in-person at the Williamsburg Regional Library in\nWilliamsburg, Virginia during the afternoon of April 28th, 2022. This interview was conducted\nby Kirsten Knisely, and it was indexed by Alison Walsh. Robert Haas was the narrator. Mr. Haas\ndescribed his work as the Director of Program Services at the library. This job allows for him to\nplan and coordinate the live performing arts performances within the library theater. Mr. Haas\ndiscussed the history of performing arts at the library, the role of performing arts in\nWilliamsburg, funding and financial situation of the arts in Williamsburg, and his successes and\nfailures within his job. He also discusses the role of the college and tourism in the success of the\nlibrary. He also discusses the importance of increasing diversity. The interview was recorded\nusing a Zoom audio recording device. The interview was just under an hour.","This description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","In this interview, Williamsburg resident Neill Hollands describes his job as the president\nof the Board of Directors for the Williamsburg Players. Mr. Hollands has been working with the\nWilliamsburg Players for 10 years.. The Players are a non-profit community theater group that\nruns completely out of their theater on Hubbard Lane. The group typically puts on 12 shows a\nyear that are funded by donations, support from the city, and ticket sales. Hollands discusses the\nfinancial situation of the Players and how COVID-19 impacted in-person activities. The\ninterview continues on to discuss the community building aspect of community theater. He\ndescribes how the theater community is very well-loved among the older community within\nWilliamsburg. Hollands discusses the importance of diversity within the Performing arts world,\nand how the Williamsburg Players work to increase diversity, but ultimately sruggle. This\ninterview was completed as a part of Kirsten Knisely's research project on Performing arts in\nWilliamsburg, Virginia. Knisely conducted the interview in-person using zoom audio recording\ntools. The interview took place on April 24th, 2022 at the James-York Playhouse, where the\nWilliamsburg Players are based. This project is associated with the American Studies program,\nand will complete the AMST 410: Williamsburg Documentary Project, taught by Professor\nMichelle Lelievre.","This description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","In this interview, Kirsten Knisely her early childhood and high school years. She\ndescribes her family life and speaks about people she admires. Kirsten grew up in Arlington,\nVirginia and in the interview, she speaks on her high school experience and friendships. Kirsten\ndetails some core memories as well as fandoms she was involved in high school and her beliefs\nin the tooth fairy and Santa. The interview was completed for an assignment in AMST 410:\nWilliamsburg Documentary Project, taught by Professor Michelle Lelièvre.","This description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","This interview was conducted and indexed by Alison Walsh. The entire interview was\ntranscribed using Zoom Video Communications. The interview took place on the\nmorning of 1/30/2022 over Zoom. Ms. Luck describes her life history, including growing\nup in rural North Carolina, grappling with differing viewpoints from her family and\ncommunity, attending the College of William \u0026 Mary, her passions for dance and history,\nand significant influences on her life.","This description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team.","This interview was conducted by Alex Luck and was indexed by Alex Luck. The entire interview was transcribed using Word afterwards. The interview took place on the morning of 1/30/2022 over Zoom. Karissa McDonald discussed topics about different stages of her life, including International Schooling, her college experience, and her plans for graduation. ","This description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","In this interview, former Williamsburg resident Jessika Weaver Miller (daughter of\nWilliamsburg activist Johnette Gordon Weaver and granddaughter of Highland Park resident\nMyrtle Gordon) describes her professional experiences in the U.S. Navy and in insurance work\nand education in Australia. She speaks about joining the Navy after attending the U.S. Naval\nAcademy and starting a family with her Australian husband in Australia. There, she developed\nan interest in local Indigenous cultures and decided to pursue teaching professionally. Miller\ndescribes her decision to teach in the Torres Strait, a remote northern island region populated by\nIndigenous communities. She talks about the challenges of cross-cultural teaching and working\nin a remote school with limited technological resources and low literacy rates, and her effort to\nstart a Navy Cadet program in the area. She then shifts to discuss her own educational experience\nin Williamsburg, Virginia, particularly at Jamestown High School, a majority-white school. She\nspeaks to her involvement with the First Baptist Church in Williamsburg and her relationship\nwith churches in Australia. The interview concludes with a discussion of her two elementary\nschool-aged children and her educational and social goals for them. This interview was\nconducted by undergraduate W\u0026M senior Jamie Carkenord on April 29, 2022 using the Zoom\nvideo conferencing platform. Jessika Miller was Zooming in from Thursday Island, Australia, so\nher local time was 9:00am on April 30th. This interview was completed as part of Carkenord's\nresearch project in AMST 410: Williamsburg Documentary Project, taught by Professor\nMichelle Lelièvre.","This description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","This interview was conducted in-person by Teresa Clark and indexed by Katherine Zabinski at the Culture Fix building located at 410 Francis St. in Williamsburg, VA on the morning of 4/27/2022. Mrs. Wendy Miller discussed her experiences as a long-time resident of Williamsburg who captures local experiences as the director and photographer of Culture Fix.","This description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","This interview was conducted by and indexed by Karissa McDonald. The entire interview was later transcribed using Otter.ai. The interview took place on the afternoon of 4/12/2021 over Zoom. Mr. Russell discussed his life and work history, his experiences with ghost stories, and the famous ghost stories of Williamsburg. ","This description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","In this interview, Martin Saniga, who identifies as Saponi, Native, and American, discusses how growing up in Newport News, Virginia with his white mother and adoptive white father initially made him feel removed from his Saponi culture. He gradually reclaimed his culture by involving himself and making a difference within the Indigenous community of the greater Williamsburg area. On top of his career, he works with an Indigenous youth culture camp and is the president of a nonprofit language revitalization consortium. Mr. Saniga describes his career path: first joining the Coast Guard, later working as a site supervisor for Jamestown Settlement, and now working as an interpreter and head of the American Indian Initiative for Colonial Williamsburg. Mr. Saniga answers questions about the public reception of recent American Indian programming, museum ownership of Indigenous objects, the migration history of the Saponi people, William \u0026 Mary's complicated relationship with the local Indigenous community, and the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on his work. \nThe interview was conducted by undergraduate students Alex Luck and Alison Walsh on February 24th, 2022 using the Zoom video conferencing platform. The interview was indexed by undergraduate students Kirsten Knisely and Karissa McDonald. The interview was completed for the Guest Interview assignment in AMST 410: Williamsburg Documentary Project, taught by Professor Michelle Lelièvre.","\nThis description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","Within this interview on January 30th, 2022 at 10:15am, Kirsten Knisely interviews her peer Alison Walsh. After Alison approves consent to conduct the interview, Kirsten begins her questions. Throughout the interview, Kirsten asks Alison questions concerning her youth and growing up, particularly what she was interested in as a kid and throughout high school. Alison describes her passions for sports and extracurriculars. She also describes her family and their importance to her. Kirsten continues to ask Alison about her time at William and Mary, what she is involved in, and who she spends her time with. Alison talks about her participation in a multitude of extracurricular activities and talks about her closest friends in college. The interview then moves to discussing the future, where Alison describes her plans to be an environmental lawyer and potentially starting a family one day. At the end of the interview, Alison signs the deed of gift form. ","This description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","In this interview, Ms. Johnette Weaver discusses how her personal history and education in Williamsburg, VA shaped her work as an advocate for social justice. She describes her family's arrival in Virginia in the late 17th century, their dislocations, and eventual establishment in Highland Park. Ms. Weaver explains her complicated relationship with the Colonial Williamsburg Foundation alongside her pride in the work she has done as an interpreter there. She tells of her lifelong love of reading and of her choice to attend the historically Black college, Hampton University. Ms. Weaver discusses her social media manager position with Williamsburg Action, a social justice advocacy group that formed in 2020. The interview was conducted by undergraduate students Katherine Zabinski and Teresa Clark on February 15, 2022, using the Zoom video conferencing platform. In the interview, Clark and Zabinski reference the background knowledge they received about Johnette Weaver from assignments conducted in their undergraduate course AMST 410: Williamsburg Documentary Project, taught by Professor Michelle Lelièvre. Both the class assignment observations and interview were completed for an assignment in AMST 410.","This description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team.","In this interview, William and Mary student Katherine Zabinski describes her upbringing in a\nmilitary family, how it exposed her to other cultures and helped inform her passion for American\nhistory, and also describes her path to the college and the love of hip hop DJing she picked up\nhere. Zabinski narrates her family's moves from California to Washington State to Virginia,\nwhere she has lived since middle school. She explains that she does not consider uprooting\nmultiple times a downside, except that she finds it awkward trying to describe where she is from.\nOn the contrary, she describes how living in multiple places exposed her to more diverse\nAmerican cultures, growing familiar with Native and Chicano communities in California,\nIndigenous and Asian-American communities in Washington, and Black communities along with\nother diverse cultures in Virginia. She describes moving to Virginia and the South as a culture\nshock, but enjoyed the diverse geographies along with the diverse cultures: the California\ndeserts, Washington mountains, and Virginia cotton and cornfields. Zabinski describes the roots\nof her interest in history and the way attending predominantly Black middle and high schools\nand becoming friends with Black women inspired her to learn more about African-American\nhistory and American history that acknowledges white supremacy. She narrates how she came to\nbe interested in William \u0026 Mary. Initially having thought to join the military or attend\ncosmetology school, it was her teachers who encouraged her to take summer classes in the\nNIAHD program at the college, causing her to fall in love with the campus and with colonial to\nrevolutionary American history—with Richmond as one focus. Zabinski closes the interview by\ndescribing the extracurricular she has most enjoyed at William and Mary: the SOUL students of\nhip hop legacy club. She describes her involvement in the executive and social media branches\nof the club, and the DJing she had the opportunity to on a large and small scale during her time\nhere.","This description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","In this interview, American Studies and Gender, Sexuality and Women's Studies (GSWS)\nProfessor Leisa Meyer narrates their experience living in Williamsburg, Virginia, and the\nsurrounding areas as it pertains to the Queer community. Professor Meyer begins with detailing\ntheir life as a Professor at William and Mary, how much they care for their students and reform,\nand how they came to be a Professor and long-time resident of Williamsburg. They explain how\nthe surrounding areas of Williamsburg have a more lively Queer presence, and details some of\nthe history behind the notorious Gay/Lesbian bars in these more urbanized towns. Throughout\nthe interview, there are discussions of what qualifies as a Queer space, what Williamsburg and\nthe Queer community in the town can do to advance their presence in the Colonial city, and ends\nwith concluding remarks about Williamsburg as a whole.","This interview is conducted by Natalie Corsello and indexed by Emma Blackwood. The interview is transcribed by Abby Mendez (they/them). The interview took place in person in the Haven on April 16th at 11:00am. Liz Cascone discusses her background in terms of education and her journey leading up to their move to Williamsburg, as well as her thoughts on the difficulties of finding Queer community and spaces as a non-student, non-retiree in Williamsburg.","In this interview, Marcus Banks Jr. discusses his upbringing in the sports world and those who have positively influenced his journey as a basketball player. A native of the Williamsburg and Newport News areas, Banks begins by explaining who introduced him to the game of basketball and how he fell in love with it. He discusses his experience with basketball prior to college, transferring to different high schools, and the process by which he developed his skills on and off the court, as well as how he was able to overcome adversity. He speaks on what the game has meant to him throughout his life, the various coaches who have helped mold him into the young man he is today, and teammates he has had the pleasure of playing alongside. Finally, Marcus elaborates on the countless lessons, skills, and experiences that basketball has afforded him, and how these things can be applied to other areas of his life.","In the following oral history, John McGlennon, a Professor in Government at the College of\nWilliam \u0026 Mary and member of the Board of Supervisors of James City County, Virginia, discusses his\ninterest in politics as a youth, his education and activities at Fordham University and Johns Hopkins\nUniversity, and his participation in the Democratic Party in Williamsburg, Virginia. McGlennon explains\nhow his New York childhood and background as a first-generation college student sparked his initial\ninterest in politics, particularly in the Kennedy presidency. His increasing dissatisfaction with the Johnson\npresidency led McGlennon to become involved in the high school and college newspapers, which instilled\na belief in the consequence of journalism and academia as avenues for influencing politics. McGlennon\ndescribes his impressions of the First Congressional District of Virginia upon arriving in Williamsburg in\n1974, detailing his rise through the local Democratic Party from 1978 to 1981. Finally, he outlines his\n1982 strategy to campaign against then-State Senator Herb Bateman in the general election for the First\nCongressional District of Virginia, including how he solicited PAC funds, participated in\ncandidate-on-candidate debates, and the role of abortion in determining the final vote outcome.\nWilliamsburg Documentary Project student Caleb Fulford conducted the interview on April 2, 2024, at\n9:00 am with an Amcrest USB Microphone. Fulford and indexer Seth Novak reference the class\nassignment involving the interview in AMST 410: Williamsburg Documentary Project, taught by\nProfessor Michelle Lelièvre.","This interview was conducted by Natalie Lopez and was indexed by Abigail Swanberg. This interview was transcribed by Natalie Lopez. It took place on April 17, 2024 in Swem Room 168. Cecilia Weaver discusses her internship experience at Colonial National Historical Park, her other internships and jobs, and her time at William \u0026 Mary. Topics of this interview include interning, archaeology, Geographic Information System (GIS), public history, museum work, and interpretation.","In this interview, Sam Beavin discusses the culture of music in Williamsburg and how people participate in it. He begins with his background of growing up in Parkland, Florida, and what music is common to that area. He then speaks about his involvement in a student band, Halcyon Lane, and their interactions with other bands on campus. He mentions his influences and genre tastes, and how those compare to the music he plays for Halcyon Lane. He then goes on to describe the locations he has played at, such as the Meridian, the Amphitheater, Sadler Center, Merchants' Square, and on a float during the 2023 Homecoming Parade. He elaborates on the people who listen to him play and how they identify, specifically whether there are students or otherwise. Sam concludes that he is more connected to the William and Mary music community, though enjoys those connections and is content with them. The interview was conducted by undergraduate student Seth Novak on April 7th, 2024, using Zoom H8 Digital Recorders in Earl Gregg Swem Library for the American Studies department Williamsburg Documentary Project.","Maureen Anderson was interviewed was by Abigail Swanberg. The interview was indexed by Joey Houska and Anika Ahammad. The entire interview was transcribed. The interview took place on the afternoon of 4/12/2024 in person at 3312 N Riverside Drive Lanexa 23089. The interview contains topics including family, stating a business, creating and running a farmer's market, self-sufficiency, farming, living in a historic house, and COVID-19.","This interview was conducted by Abigail Swanberg and indexed by Caleb Fulford and Gabe Dorsey. The interview occurred on April 26th, 2024, at 1:00 pm in Swem Library Room 118. This interview was conducted as part of the Williamsburg Documentary Project. Joey Houska is a senior at the College of William \u0026 Mary. They started and currently lead the Toano Walking Tour Project. This interview contains topics including revitalization efforts, community, William \u0026 Mary, walking arts, leadership, Ohio, and advocacy work.","In this interview, Abigail Swanberg discusses a condensed \"life history\", beginning with her life and family in Appomattox, Virginia, and continuing on to other topics such as her interest in football and participation in the marching band. She describes her high school experience under Covid-19 and how it differed from her introduction to college. Finally, she ponders her life goals and ultimate aspirations. The interview was conducted by undergraduate student Seth Novak on January 28th, 2024 using the Zoom video conferencing platform. This interview was completed for an assignment in AMST 410: Williamsburg Documentary Project, taught by Professor Michelle Lelièvre.","In this interview, Caleb Fulford discusses his upbringing and how his parents' relative youth and complex relationship impacted him as a child, as well as his relationship with his younger sisters. He also discusses the impact of his friendship with his current roommate Georgia, who he has been friends with since middle school. He describes how his learning difficulties in school encouraged him to join the debate team and, later, pursue a legal career. He also speaks about how his family's religious differences impacted his ideas about politics. The interview was conducted by undergraduate student Natalie Lopez on January 30, 2024 using the Zoom video conferencing platform. This interview was completed for an assignment in AMST 410: Williamsburg Documentary Project, taught by Professor Michelle Lelièvre.","In this interview, Deja Williams discusses her upbringing and college experience. She describes where she is from, schools attended, the decision to come to William \u0026 Mary, and college extracurriculars, including improv comedy and the desire to play an intramural sport.","In this interview, Emma Blackwood discusses her upbringing in Richmond, VA and her experiences through private school preparing her for college. She describes how quarantine impacted her family, as well as her transition to William and Mary. Soon to be graduating, Emma Blackwood outlines her post-college plans for law school, especially in environmental justice advocacy. The interview was conducted by undergraduate student Anika Ahammad on January 29, 2024 using the Zoom video conferencing platform. The interview was completed for an assignment in AMST 410: Williamsburg Documentary Project, taught by Professor Michelle Lelièvre.","In the following interview, Gabe Dorsey discusses his early childhood and how his parents instilled an unwavering dedication to work, discipline, and spirituality. Gabe recalls deriving his name from the biblical archangel Gabriel, who declared to the Virgin Mary that she had been selected to bear the Son of God and served as a touchstone throughout his upbringing. He describes attending church every Sunday with his immediate family—his mother, father, two older brothers, and grandparents—and values the faith he observed between his parents as a marital unit. Gabe also reflects on how family, early education, and recreational athletics led him to pursue and compete in collegiate basketball at the College of William \u0026 Mary. He credits his father, a former college basketball player, with inspiring him and emphasizing the academic benefits of such a sport. I completed the interview for an assignment in the Williamsburg Documentary Project, taught by Professor Michelle Lelièvre.","This interview was conducted by Gabe Dorsey and was indexed by Caleb Fulford. The entire interview was transcribed. The interview took place on the evening of 1/30/2024 over Zoom. Ms. Lopez gives a brief background on her hometown, upbringing, family life, and her ambitions as a motivated William and Mary student. She gives insight regarding her experiences being a kid from the west coast studying on the east coast, a young girl growing up in a Mexican household and a young woman discovering more and more about herself as she travels and grows through life. \"In the words of Walt Whitman, 'we all contain multitudes'\".","In this interview, Seth Novak discusses his experiences moving around Arlington, Virginia. He also talks about his family and the pets that his family has owned over the years, mostly cats. He talks about his experience volunteering at the Heritage Humane Society. Seth Novak also mentioned how he ended up at William \u0026 Mary, his current thoughts on being a senior who is graduating early, and his post-graduation plans.","In this interview, Laura Gonzalez Castro discusses her personal and professional life, their interaction, and what her work means to her. She describes her youth in Havana, Cuba, and how her experiences were similar and different from other citizens. She also discusses her immigration to the United States and the efforts that went into finding work here, bringing her family members, and how she ended up in Virginia. Gonzalez Castro then goes on to talk about her professional life in the Center for Child and Family Services, and how terminology can have a large impact on the clients she takes in, especially those considered \"undocumented\". Interest is also paid to her education in Cuba, as well as personal life, such as travels across Europe and domestically. The interview was conducted by undergraduate students Abby Mendez and Seth Novak on March 5th, 2024, using DGI microphones.","This Williamsburg Documentary Project guest interview was conducted in the dining area in the basement of First Baptist Church in Williamsburg, Virginia. Molly Robinson conducted the interview and Michelle Lelièvre indexed. Students enrolled in the WDP also attended and interacted with Mrs. Montgomery during the interview. Prior to sitting down with us, Mrs. Montgomery gave the class a tour of the historic First Baptist Church. This enriching tour took up much of our class period, so Mrs. Montgomery scheduled a follow-up oral history that took place on April 4, 2024. In this first interview, she discusses growing up in Winter Park, Florida, attending Hungerford High School in Eatonville, FL, traveling and performing with musician Bill Doggett, raising her daughter during her career as a musician, getting married and moving to Williamsburg, starting credit unions in the town, and entering various leadership positions, including Chairperson of the History Ministry at First Baptist Church. The recording is punctuated with sounds of a phone ringing (@ 7:20 and 9:18). Mrs. Montgomery can also be heard speaking to other members of First Baptist who were in the church during the interview (@ 19:27, 36:19, and 49:10). Around 49:00, several students had to excuse themselves to attend another class.","This oral history was a follow-up to the oral history interview conducted with Mrs. Liz Montgomery by the Williamsburg Documentary Project on February 22, 2024. Both interviews were conducted by Molly Robinson, with questions developed by Molly Robinson and Michelle Lelièvre. Given the expansive nature of Mrs. Montgomery's first interview, the WDP invited her to conduct a second interview where we could explore in greater depth some of the many fascinating topics she introduced, including her experience as a jazz vocalist touring with Bill Doggett in the 1960's, her work to establish credit unions at Colonial Williamsburg and Busch Gardens, her work as a mother raising children in Williamsburg, and her leadership at the First Baptist Church. Mrs. Montgomery was very generous with her responses and shared details of her life that she had not previously disclosed publicly. She ended her interview by singing (unrehearsed!) a few bars from \"Sometimes I Feel Like a Motherless Child.\" The Williamsburg Documentary Project was honored to welcome Mrs. Montgomery and receive the gift of her stories.","In the following oral history, Meredith Poole, a Staff Archaeologist with the Colonial Williamsburg Foundation, discusses how discovering a fossil in her backyard at an early age sparked her passion for archaeology. She also cites numerous educators, from her elementary school teacher to a professor with whom Poole traveled to Belize for a semester abroad, as inspiratory figures in the initial development of her almost 39-year career. Poole explains how working on the 1985 excavation of the Shields Tavern site while completing her Master's Thesis for her MA in Anthropology from William \u0026 Mary helped to both ground her roots in the Williamsburg community and provide her with invaluable on-the-ground skills, such as appreciating the value of minute details and archeological storytelling, that would become central in her later work. She discusses her contributions to the 2022 excavation of the First Baptist Church Cite as among her proudest projects, describing the uncovering of such a personal history for the descendant community as a fulfilling process that exemplifies the value of archaeology. Poole also explains how she balanced her dual interests in fieldwork and obligations as a public-facing archaeologist with the Colonial Williamsburg Foundation, recalling as paramount her skills in creative writing and community development. She advises future archaeologists to focus on a specialized field of research that interests them and communicate the relevant knowledge in ways that the general public can understand and appreciate. Williamsburg Documentary Project students Caleb Fulford and Abigail Swanberg conducted the interview on February 20, 2024, at 2:00 pm with a Zoom H4N and DGI microphones provided by graduate student Molly Robinson. Fulford, Swanberg, and indexer Natalie Lopez reference the class assignment involving the interview in AMST 410: Williamsburg Documentary Project, taught by Professor Michelle Lelièvre.","This interview was conducted by Natalie Corsello and Emma Blackwood and was indexed by Anika Ahammad. The entire interview was transcribed. The interview took place on the afternoon of 2/13/2024 in person at Boswell Hall Room# 40 on 100 Ukrop Way, Williamsburg, VA. Tijuana Reeve discussed her journey to William \u0026 Mary, her advocacy in the Cape Henry Project, and also her personal experiences with pregnancy, stillbirth, and motherhood.","In this interview, Diane Langhorst discusses her experience of belonging and community as a student at the College of William and Mary in the class of 1968, detailing her life in chapters. She discusses the impact of being the middle child and the oldest daughter growing up in the church and transitioning to becoming a student. Further, she recalls the cultural changes of living in Williamsburg, as her parents didn't visit and there were no black students on campus,\nstating that the campus was isolated and segregated. She recounts how her religion fostered community, enabling a closer connection between her and her friends. She discusses how William and Mary felt insulated, how she felt little connection to the community outside of campus, and comments on the lack of news and political discussion. Diane cites the liberal arts education at the college as the inspiration for her study of sociology and subsequent career in social work. This interview was conducted by undergraduate students Caroline Cromwell and Leah Schrum and was indexed by Sarah Kinlaw. The interview took place in the Samuel E. Jones building on the William and Mary campus on the afternoon of 3/6/2025. This interview was conducted for research purposes by the Williamsburg Documentary Project, taught by\nMolly Robinson and Tijuana Reeve.","This description is taken from the headnote for the oral history. ","In this interview, Zach Meredith discusses how his experience as a student at William and Mary shaped his understanding of community and belonging. He discusses how he was drawn to W\u0026M for its intellectual community, and subsequently found his community through the American Studies department and the Williamsburg Documentary Project course. Further, Zach details how the WDP exposed him to new ways of approaching history through archive work and understanding of his positionality. He recounts how his research on the Triangle Block during the WDP developed into his senior thesis project, \"Urban Renewal in the Colonial Capital: Contextualizing the Williamsburg Redevelopment \u0026 Housing Authority\"(2019). Now teaching at the same high school in Durham, North Carolina that he attended as a student, Zach\nhopes to develop a Durham History elective, incorporating aspects from the WDP. This interview was conducted by undergraduate students Sarah Kinlaw and Leah Schrum and was indexed by Caroline Cromwell. The interview took place in the Samuel E. Jones building on the William and Mary campus and on Zoom on the afternoon of 3/4/2025. This interview was conducted for research purposes by the Williamsburg Documentary Project, taught by Molly Robinson and Tijuana Reeve.","Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.","Special Collections Research Center","American Studies Program","Economic Development","Blayton, James Blaine, Sr., (Dr.)","Casey, Carlton","Glosson, Sarah","Arthur Knight","Doyle, Margetta Hirsch (Margetta Hirsch Doyle)","Etheridge, Jeanne","Willard Gilley","George Greenia","Heacox, Thomas (Thomas Lee), 1943-2024","Lois Hornsby","Louise Lambert Kale","Langton, Helen","Ann Ward Little, Daughter of Archibald F. Ward, Jr.","McKnight, Joyce","Mendez, Jennifer Bickham","Nichol, Gene R., 1951-","Oxrieder, Julia W.","Frances Robb (Frances Robb)","Sternberg, Ethel (Ethel Sternberg)","Taylor, Rodney B. (Rodney B. Taylor)","Sullivan, Timothy J.","Sikk, Helis","Gift of Mary Geiger","Granger, Gil (Gilbert Lofton), 1935-2023","Zhang, Benny, 1994- (Benming)","English"],"unitid_tesim":["UA 351","/repositories/2/resources/9022"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Williamsburg Documentary Project"],"collection_title_tesim":["Williamsburg Documentary Project"],"collection_ssim":["Williamsburg Documentary Project"],"repository_ssm":["College of William and Mary"],"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"geogname_ssm":["Williamsburg (Va.)--History","Williamsburg (Va.)--Maps","Williamsburg (Va.)--Newspapers"],"geogname_ssim":["Williamsburg (Va.)--History","Williamsburg (Va.)--Maps","Williamsburg (Va.)--Newspapers"],"creator_ssm":["American Studies Program"],"creator_ssim":["American Studies Program"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["American Studies Program"],"creators_ssim":["American Studies Program"],"places_ssim":["Williamsburg (Va.)--History","Williamsburg (Va.)--Maps","Williamsburg (Va.)--Newspapers"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Acc. 2009.030 received 2/16/2009 from the Williamsburg Documentary Project via Jenna Simpson. Acquisition information for material received after 7/13/2009 is available by consulting a Special Collections Research Center staff member."],"access_subjects_ssim":["College of William and Mary--History--20th century","Colonial Williamsburg Foundation--History","Interviews","Williamsburg, Battle of, Williamsburg, Va., 1862","Clippings (information artifacts)","Photographs","Transcripts","Newsletters"],"access_subjects_ssm":["College of William and Mary--History--20th century","Colonial Williamsburg Foundation--History","Interviews","Williamsburg, Battle of, Williamsburg, Va., 1862","Clippings (information artifacts)","Photographs","Transcripts","Newsletters"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["9.45 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["9.45 Linear Feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Clippings (information artifacts)","Photographs","Transcripts","Newsletters"],"date_range_isim":[1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePortions of this collection may be restricted for privacy reasons. Consult a staff member for assistance. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBox 11 contains restricted material. Please consult a staff member for further assistance. This is a temporary series and will be deleted once it has been integrated with the existing collection. The series contains oral histories, final reports, and map diaries by students in the Williamsburg Documentary Project course at William and Mary. Box 9 is unrestricted.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSwem library use only\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMaterials are accessible to researchers at Swem Library only.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMaterials accessible to researchers at Swem Library only.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMaterial accessible to researchers in Swem Library only.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSwem library use only\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMaterial access restricted to researchers at Swem Library only.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSwem library use only\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDeed of Gift is missing.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInterview is restricted pending a removal of certain content from the transcript and digital file.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access:","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Portions of this collection may be restricted for privacy reasons. Consult a staff member for assistance. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","Box 11 contains restricted material. Please consult a staff member for further assistance. This is a temporary series and will be deleted once it has been integrated with the existing collection. The series contains oral histories, final reports, and map diaries by students in the Williamsburg Documentary Project course at William and Mary. Box 9 is unrestricted.","Swem library use only","Materials are accessible to researchers at Swem Library only.","Materials accessible to researchers at Swem Library only.","Material accessible to researchers in Swem Library only.","Swem library use only","Material access restricted to researchers at Swem Library only.","Swem library use only","Deed of Gift is missing.","Interview is restricted pending a removal of certain content from the transcript and digital file."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe American Studies Program offers students the opportunity to engage with the complex and diverse histories of cultural, racial, and national encounters that, like those of our local area, have come to shape the past and present of the United States, and the Americas. In a rigorous, yet flexible environment of intellectual inquiry, students develop the critical skills that allow them not only to pursue rewarding careers, but to serve as responsible citizens of the 21st Century.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Note:"],"bioghist_tesim":["The American Studies Program offers students the opportunity to engage with the complex and diverse histories of cultural, racial, and national encounters that, like those of our local area, have come to shape the past and present of the United States, and the Americas. In a rigorous, yet flexible environment of intellectual inquiry, students develop the critical skills that allow them not only to pursue rewarding careers, but to serve as responsible citizens of the 21st Century."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eVERY IMPORTANT: Anyone quoting from or making substantial use of the oral histories collected here should consider THE SOUND RECORDINGS THE DEFINITIVE SOURCE. Transcripts, indexes, and key words are only tools meant to help guide users to the sound recordings. Most of these interviews were done by WDP student-interviewers. Most interviews combine a life history format with some questioning specific to a student-interviewer's research interests. As part of their training, WDP students do some group interviews and also interview one another, and the collection also contains these recordings. Additionally, the collection gathers some recordings that were done by other groups—for example, local volunteers helping commemorate Williamsburg's 300th anniversary. All oral history interviews conducted by the WDP are done following the Oral History Association's principles and best practices guidelines. Each record in the digital archive contains: a) a sound recording of an interview (WAV format; some MP3 format); a few recordings have been edited to reflect restrictions; some recordings are available for use only on-site in Swem Library's Special Collections b) an image of the Deed of Gift relevant to the interview (PDF or TIFF format) c) a \"live index\" to the recording (PDF format); these indexes were made by assistants to the main interviewer during the interview and, using time code, give a rough guide to major topics covered in the interview. d) a \"headnote\" (PDF format); written by the main interviewer, headnotes give some basic information on the circumstances in which the interview took place and highlight some key topics covered in the interview. Many records also contain: e) an interview transcript, which incorporates the headnote described above (PDF format); prepared by the main interviewer, transcripts attempt to render the dialogue of the interview in a way that is quickly searchable. SCHOLARS WISHING TO QUOTE, SYNOPSIZE, OR REFERENCE A WDP ORAL HISTORY SHOULD ALWAYS CHECK THE TRANSCRIPT AGAINST THE INTERVIEW RECORDING. Some records may also contain: f) scans of documents or photographs (TIFF files) related to the interviewee or topics covered in the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDavis does not wanted monetary publications to use her interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAn edited version of this oral history is being made available to researchers at the request of the interviewee.\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","General","General"],"odd_tesim":["VERY IMPORTANT: Anyone quoting from or making substantial use of the oral histories collected here should consider THE SOUND RECORDINGS THE DEFINITIVE SOURCE. Transcripts, indexes, and key words are only tools meant to help guide users to the sound recordings. Most of these interviews were done by WDP student-interviewers. Most interviews combine a life history format with some questioning specific to a student-interviewer's research interests. As part of their training, WDP students do some group interviews and also interview one another, and the collection also contains these recordings. Additionally, the collection gathers some recordings that were done by other groups—for example, local volunteers helping commemorate Williamsburg's 300th anniversary. All oral history interviews conducted by the WDP are done following the Oral History Association's principles and best practices guidelines. Each record in the digital archive contains: a) a sound recording of an interview (WAV format; some MP3 format); a few recordings have been edited to reflect restrictions; some recordings are available for use only on-site in Swem Library's Special Collections b) an image of the Deed of Gift relevant to the interview (PDF or TIFF format) c) a \"live index\" to the recording (PDF format); these indexes were made by assistants to the main interviewer during the interview and, using time code, give a rough guide to major topics covered in the interview. d) a \"headnote\" (PDF format); written by the main interviewer, headnotes give some basic information on the circumstances in which the interview took place and highlight some key topics covered in the interview. Many records also contain: e) an interview transcript, which incorporates the headnote described above (PDF format); prepared by the main interviewer, transcripts attempt to render the dialogue of the interview in a way that is quickly searchable. SCHOLARS WISHING TO QUOTE, SYNOPSIZE, OR REFERENCE A WDP ORAL HISTORY SHOULD ALWAYS CHECK THE TRANSCRIPT AGAINST THE INTERVIEW RECORDING. Some records may also contain: f) scans of documents or photographs (TIFF files) related to the interviewee or topics covered in the interview.","Davis does not wanted monetary publications to use her interview.","An edited version of this oral history is being made available to researchers at the request of the interviewee."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWilliamsburg Documentary Project Collection, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Williamsburg Documentary Project Collection, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAcc. 2009.030 accessioned and minimally described by Amy C. Schindler, University Archivist, in 2/2009. Acc. 2010.311 accessioned and minimally described by Steven Bookman, University Archives Specialist, in 5/2010. All accessions were integrated and processed by David Ward, SCRC Graduate Apprentice, from October 2013-January 2014. Acc. 2015.148 accessioned and minimally described by Steven Bookman, University Archives Specialist, in June 2015.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information:"],"processinfo_tesim":["Acc. 2009.030 accessioned and minimally described by Amy C. Schindler, University Archivist, in 2/2009. Acc. 2010.311 accessioned and minimally described by Steven Bookman, University Archives Specialist, in 5/2010. All accessions were integrated and processed by David Ward, SCRC Graduate Apprentice, from October 2013-January 2014. Acc. 2015.148 accessioned and minimally described by Steven Bookman, University Archives Specialist, in June 2015."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDigital content documents from the Williamsburg Documentary Project, including some interviews, are available at William \u0026amp; Mary Libraries Digital Collections \u003cextref href=\"https://digital.libraries.wm.edu/williamsburg-documentary-project\" title=\"453\"\u003e\u003c/extref\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials:"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Digital content documents from the Williamsburg Documentary Project, including some interviews, are available at William \u0026 Mary Libraries Digital Collections  ."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is composed of material collected and created by the Williamsburg Documentary Project. The Williamsburg Documentary Project conducts oral history interviews and builds physical and digital archives, as well as other activities, through which it interprets the past of Williamsburg, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe collection includes publications, news clippings, interviews, and planning documents about Merchant's Square, New Town, food, immigration, as well as events related to Williamsburg history. Events documented in this collection include the removal of a cross from the chapel in the William \u0026amp; Mary Wren Building at the direction of College President Gene R. Nichol. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis sub-series contains oral history interviews from 1995-2012. Interviewees consist primarily of William \u0026amp; Mary students, William \u0026amp; Mary Faculty, and Williamsburg and James City County residents. Interviews have related oral history materials in the William \u0026amp; Mary digital archive. The suberies is arranged in alphabetical order by last name of interviewee.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFile contains deed of gift, detailed, time-stamped summary of interview, and written summary of oral history interview conducted by Graham DeZarn. Mr. Abbott speaks about his family history, the work his architectural firm does, and the importance of understanding the history of the area. He speaks about the progect at Polegreen Church in Hanover County, VA and the preservation of historic and agricultural land.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis sub- series contains oral history deeds, transcripts and notes from 1995-2012.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFinal papers for student projects consist of a variety of subjects on the community life and culture within Williamsburg and surrounding environs. Some of these topics have related oral history and digital materials in the William \u0026amp; Mary digital archive. This series contains student project map diaries from 2008-2012. Students track their locations and movements for a 24 hour period to construct a map diary of their day. There is no prescribed format for the map diary. The bulk of the series is arranged by project title.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePlease note that select student papers are restricted from viewing due to privacy. Please consult with a staff member for assistance. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series contains research materials on the following subjects: : Old Town/New Town, Food and Poverty in Williamsburg and Wren Cross controversy, Battle of Williamsburg Commemoration, J1 Work Visas, Retirement in Williamsburg and Development of Quarterpath Road. There are also oral history materials from the Grass Roots Theater (1998-1999). Old Town/New Town: Merchants Square material, Merchants Square Real Estate Operations, The NewTowner magazines, Next Door Neighbor magazine, and newspaper clippings for 2007. Food and Poverty in Williamsburg: USDA Brochures (2007), Statistics, Information, Advertisements (2010), SHIP (2010), Food Bank Study (2004), Community Health Report (2005) Wren Cross controversy: Emails, Websites and notes used in compiling final report. Battle of Williamsburg Commemoration: Notes J1 Work Visas: Briefings, Regulations, Court Case, and notes used in compiling final report. All from 2010. Retirement in Williamsburg: Reports and Brochures, Journal Articles, Tourism directory, and newspaper clippings.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWilliamsburg, Virginia, Traffic Lights, 35 x 21 cm, color Williamsburg, Virginia, Original City and Subsequent Annexation, 28 x 43cm, Color, ca 1984 Williamsburg, Virginia,, Williamsburg in the '20 and '30s, 21 x 28cm, Black \u0026amp; White James City County, 29.5 x 43cm, color, 2006 Williamsburg, Virginia, Comprehensive Plan, 42.5 x 54.5 cm, color, 2006 Williamsburg, Virginia, Zoning Districts, 1 of 3, 42.5 x 34 cm, color, February 13, 2003 Williamsburg, Virginia, Architectual Review Distircts, 42.5 x 34 cm, 2 of 3, color, March 9, 2006 Williamsburg, Virginia, Zoning Districts, 3 of 3, 42.5 x 34 cm, color, February 13, 2003 Williamsburg, Virginia, Zoning Map, 91 x 58 cm, black \u0026amp; white, July 1, 1966, 2 copies Williamsburg, Virginia, Zoning Map, 91 x 58 cm, black \u0026amp; white, August,1972, Res'C', March 26, 1981 Williamsburg, Virginia, Zoning Map, 91 x 58 cm, black \u0026amp; white, August,1972, ' March 23, 1987, 2 copies Williamsburg, Virginia, Zoning Map, 91 x 58 cm, black \u0026amp; white, August,1972, January 1, 1975, 2 copies Williamsburg, Virginia, Zoning Map, 91 x 58 cm, black \u0026amp; white, July 1964 Williamsburg, Virginia, Real Property Grid Index, 91 x 58 cm, color, July 13, 2004\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAl Albert is the a former soccer coach at William and Mary and is credited with founding the Tidewater Soccer camp. He speaks about his background and the founding of the camp. Folder contains a summary and index of the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDouglas Austin speaks about his time growing up in the Williamsburg James City County School System and his time at Bruton Heights, previously and African American only school. Folder contains and index and transcript of the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDr. Bernacki is a general practitioner who has been practicing in Williamsburg since the 1980s. Dr. Bernacki speaks about his past as a medical student at Georgetown, his time as a physician in the Air Force, the growth he has seen in the Williamsburg medical community, and his belief in the Affordable Care Act (ACA). Folder contains a summary and index of the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDr. Brown speaks about the past medical community of Williamsburg and his disagreement with the Affordable Care Act (ACA). Folder contains a summary and index of the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLauren Brown speaks about growing up in Williamsburg and the tourism industry. Folder contains an index of the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSarah Cate-Pizarro is a student at William and Mary and speaks about her life in Richmond, VA, he plans for the future, her travels, and her family. Folder contains an index and transcript of the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLinda Chemlow has been in Williamsburg since 1989 and speaks about her work in the medical field including her personal and professional attitudes towards the Affordable Care Act (ACA). Folder contains a summary and index of the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJohn Daly is the Head Women's Soccer Coach at William and Mary College. He speaks about how he got involved in soccer and his work at the Tidewater Soccer Camp as a coach. The file contains a transcript of the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMrs. Elston is the president of the Williamsburg chapter of the William and Mary Alumni Association. She speaks about the association, changes in Williamsburg since she was a student, her and her family's involvement in the community, and her relationship with the US Navy. The folder contains a summary and index of the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMr. Hamant is the former director of Evening and Special Programs at Colonial Williamsburg. He spoke about how he came to Williamsburg, his time as a Senior Archeologist for Colonial Williamsburg, and his development of popular ghost tours in Colonial Williamsburg. The folder contains a transcript of the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJane Hanson is the supervisor of the Governor's Musick Ensemble. She gives a comprehensive history of early music performance, the benefits and drawbacks of a resident ensemble, and the difficulties the ensemble face. The folder contains a summary of the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMayor Clyde Haulmand describes his previous involvement on the Board for the local chapter of Big Brothers Big Sisters. He also discusses how the city of Williamsburg addresses the problem of at-risk and disadvantaged youth. The folder contains a summary and index of the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSister Rose Morris is a teacher at Walsingham Academy, a Catholic school in Williamsburg. Mary Johnston was a student and teacher at Walsingham and at the time of the interview works as the vice principal of the lower school. Sister Rose speaks of the school's history and its religious diversity. Mary speaks about being a non-Catholic student and teacher at the school. Both speak about the schools relationship to the community. The folder contains an index and transcript of the inteview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMrs. Jowett is the Career and Technical Education Curriculum leader at Jamestown High. Mrs. Jowett speaks about her experiences with the supernatural at the high school as well as encounters at her home in Yorktown. The folder contains a summary and index of the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMs. King is the CEO at the Greater Virginia Peninsula branch of Big Brothers Big Sisters. Ms. King discusses the function and organization of this chapter as well as its fundraisers and events. This folder contains an index and transcript of the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJudy Knudson is the executive director of Olde Towne Medical Center. She speaks about the growing number of retirees in the community, the growth of the medical field in Williamsburg, and the benefits of the Affordable Care Act (ACA). The folder contains a summary, index, and transcript of the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJake Lewitz is an senior at William and Mary College. He discusses his hometown of Marin, California and what it was like growing up there. He also discussed his busy schedule and many school activities. Jake Lewitz is interested in the Public Health sector. This folder contains an index and transcript of the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProfessor Marshall teaches at William and Mary and was member of the Governor's Musick ensemble. Prof. Marshall speaks of the benefits of playing in a small resident ensemble as well as the lack of support by the Colonial Williamsburg Foundation. The folder contains a summary and index of the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eKalynn McLane is a student at William and Mary American Studies program. She speaks about her family, her love of William and Mary, her academics, and her summer study abroad in Cape Town. The folder contains an index and transcript of the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMr. Moss's speaks of his musical life prior to beginning to play withthe Governor's Musick ensemble, his musical travel, and teaching life. He also give a history of the music that would have been played in the colonial era in Williamsburg. In a follow up interview Mr. Moss discusses the role that the Governor's Musick has played within the living museum and the nature of their engagements while he has been a member. Mr. Moss also discussed the changing attitudes towards music in society todya and his uncertainty about the groups future. The folder contains summaries and indexes for both interviews.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHannah Ostroff is a student at William and Mary. She speaks about her childhood and her decision to attend William and Mary as well as her time at the school. Ostroff speaks about her experiences with the William and Mary Choir and Sinfonicron. The folder contains an index and transcript of the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLance Pedigo speaks about his love of music growing up and how he now runs the Fife and Drum Corps in Williamsburg. The folder contains indices of the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMrs. Pedigo works in the Williamsburg-James City County public school system. She speaks about her time working at Matthew Whaley Elementary School and working in the media center at Rawls Byrd Elementary School. She discusses the changes to the city and the school system since she began working in Williamsburg in 1959. The folder contains a summary and index of the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMr. and Mrs. Perkins are both graduates of William and Mary and speak about their time as active participants in Greek life on campus. They discuss the changes to Williamsburg and William and Mary since their graduation as well as their current church life and as members of the Olde Guarde Council. The folder contains an index and transcript of the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMr. Carnifax is the Director of Parks and Recreation for James City County and Mr. Powell is the Assistant City Manager. They speak about athletics and local field use. They also speak about the Warhill Sports Complex, what it provides the community, and how youth athletics can economically benefit the community. This folder contains a summary of the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRachel Quinones is a student at William and Mary. She speaks about her childhood, religion, music, and her impending graduation. The folder contains an index and transcript of the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMr. Riley speaks about the Kimball theater and film in Williamsburg. The folder contains indices of the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMr. Scrofani speaks about the Williamsburg Indoor Sports Complex, how it was created and funded, and the impact the WISC has on the community. The folder contains a summary of the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWillie Shaw is a student at William and Mary. He speaks about his childhood, his family, his passion for athletics, and his relationship with music. He also speaks about how he came to William and Mary and his plans for the future. The folder contains an index and transcript of the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLauren Stephenson is a student at William and Mary. She speaks about her childhood, growing up in suburban Chicago, her Jewish community, and her TV journalist experience. She also speaks about her experiences at William and Mary. The folder contains a transcript of the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLisa Thomas has been a Big Sister through the local chapter of Big Brothers Big Sisters since 1985. She discusses her role and responsiblities of a Big Sister and her personal experiences with her Little Sisters. In the follow up interview Lisa Thomas speaks about her experience at Eastern State Hospital, how her work for Child Development Resources (CDR) fits into the Williamsburg community assisting disabled children, at-risk children, and those that come from non-English speaking families, and how changing legislation and federal grant money alters the CDR's focus. The folder contains summaries and indices of the interviews.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJacqueline Vasquez is a student at William and Mary. She discusses her childhood in Texas and her relationships with her family. She speaks about her middle and high school experiences such as participation in student government and sports. She also speaks about her decision to come to William and Mary and her involvement in Phi Beta Phi Sorority, the Club Lacross team, and her volunteer work at the Democratic National Convention in 2012. This folder contains a transcript of the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMr. Watson is the longest-working musician of the Governor's Musick Ensemble. He speaks about the historical musical performace practices and institutional knowledge. He discusses the transition in Colonial Williamsburg to historically accurate music practices, his own history with early music and the role of the Governor's Musick at the institution. The folder contains an index and transcript of the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe four narrators are all William and Mary Alumni who reside in the Williamsburg Landing Retirement Community. The residents share stories from their time at William and Mary, speak about their love of the College, what has changed since they were students, why they decided to move to Williamsburg, why they remain involved in the College community, and why they think alumni retire to Williamsburg and other college towns. The folder contains a summary of the conversation as well as short biographies of the four narrators.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLynn Wolfe works in administration at Child Development and speaks about the fundraising efforts of CDR as well as CDR's connection with insurance companies, public schools, and the community in general. She also speaks about her time at William and Mary and her reasons for living in Williamsburg. The folder contains a summary and index of the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTimothy Wolfe work in the College of William and Mary Admissions Office. He previously worked at Walsingham Academy for two years in the early 2000s as their Director of College Counseling. He speaks about enjoying his time at Walsingham, his experiences as a non-Catholic staff member, and the perception of Walsingham in the community. The folder contains a summary and index of the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eKris Yeager is a student at William and Mary. He speaks about his childhood and family as well as his gymnastics career as part of the Varsity gymnastics team at William and Mary. He discusses his struggles with gymnastics due to medical issues and his future as part of Teach for America in Las Vegas. The folder contains and index and transcript of the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolder contains brief biographies of the students taking part in the Williamsburg Documentary Project (WDP) in 2013.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWDP student Sarah Cate-Pizarro's final project on ghost lore and ghost tours in Williamsburg. The folder contains copy and description of a survey map of Williamsburg, several advertisements for various ghost tours, and a research paper.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe folder contains a research paper on responses to the Affordable Care Act (ACA) in Williamsburg and excerpts from the Virginia Gazette on national health care reform.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolder contains a research paper on Big Brothers Big Sisters of Williamsburg.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe folder contains various articles, studies, and webpages about Big Brothers Big Sisters printed out as well as various documents from the organization.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe folder contains various program guides for Colonial Williamsburg, an article by Rohald Broude about music in Colonial Williamsburg in Early Music America, and a research paper about the Governor's Musick in Colonial Williamsburg.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe folder contains a research paper about Walsingham Academy.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe folder contains a research paper about youth athletics in Williamsburg\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe folder contains a research paper about William and Mary alumni retiring in Williamsburg.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolder contains a research paper on the evolution of the Williamsburg-James City County School System.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe folder contains a research paper about Child Developent Resources (CDR) in Williamsburg.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe folder contains a written description of student Rachel Quinones's map diary project which details a map of her day.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolder contains several maps and a reflective essay.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolder contains maps and relfective essay.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolder contains maps and a reflective essay.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolder contains maps and a reflective essay.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolder contains a map and a reflective essay.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolder contains maps and a reflective essay.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolder contains maps and a reflective essay.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolder contains maps and a reflective essay.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolder contains a variety of research papers on various topics in Williamsburg such as the LGBTQ community, downtown Williamsburg, the WCWM-FM which is William and Mary's radio station, alternative education, agriculture, local food, the Catholic community, Gene Nichol who is the 26th president of the College of William and Mary, racism inx the mid-20th century, and Meridian Coffeehouse.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe folder contains maps and reflective essays.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolder contains a research paper on the Temple Beth El and Jewish community of Williamsburg.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe folder contains a research report on Williamsburg 2009 3-person rule zoning ordinance.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe folder contains a research paper on the Kingsmill gated community and overall perceptions of gated communities in Williamsburg.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolder contains a research on the Magruder community which was displaced when Camp Peary was established. Additionally, the folder contains copies of relevant photographs and reports.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMr. Boelt's family has a long history in Williamsburg and as a history buff he has a great deal of knowledge of the Williamsburg area, especially surrounding William and Mary. He speaks about how Williamsburg has changed, specifically in relation to the three person zoning rule and the transition of his childhood home on Richmond Ave. becoming a rental. The folder contains an index and transcript of the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eChris Connolly serves on the City Planning Commission fot the city government and the branch that enforces the three-person rule. The folder contains a summary and index of the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMrs. Fleck speaks about her history as a military wife before coming to Williamsburg and running the Applewood Bed and Breakfast. She also discussed being a newcomer to the hospitality industry, the relationship between the Bed and Breakfast Network and the local government, and the importance of an internet prescence and marketing. The folder contains a summary, index, and transcrip of the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMr. Goddin is a vocal opponent of the three-person zoning rule and advocated for an expansion to four people. He speaks about the tension at the time (late 2000s), his arrival in Williamsburg, his neighborhood through the years, his thoughts on current compromises to the rule, his position as a homeowner, and his perspectives on how to move forward balancing student and resident concerns. The folder contains a summary and index of the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBruce Larson is a civilian working for the Department of Defense (Navy) as the Senior Archaeologist and Cultural Resources Branch Head for Naval Facilities Engineering Command (NAVFAC). Mr. Larson speaks about his education, career, the value of interdisciplinary methodology when working with cultural resources, and the 1966 National Historic Preservation Act. The folder contains an index and transcript of the interview as well as a copy of Mr. Larson's curriculum vitae.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMr. McGurk is a media correspondent for Kingsmill United. He speaks on how he came to Williamsburg, his experience as a Kingsmill resident, and the history of Kingsmill. The folder contains an index and transcript of the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTyler Morris currently lives at Fred Boelt's childhood home and sheds some light on how the property is used today and what the surrounding neighborhood is like. Tyler discusses her experience with the property, the neighborhood, the three-person rule, and Williamsburg in general. The folder contains a summary and index of the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAmanda Morrow currently lives at CityGreen Apartments on Richmond Rd. and currently violates the three-person rule. She discusses her previous housing in Williamsburg, her reasons for moving off-campus, her current living situation, and the three-person rule more broadly. The folder contains an index and transcript of the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSamuel Powell is a retired judge who discusess his work witht he Powhatan statue outside the courthouse and the Atlantic community concept that should be completed with two additional statues in the newr future. He speaks of the history of James City County courthouses as well as his involvement with Anheuser-Busch when he worked in private practice as a lawyer in Williamsburg, VA. The folder contains an index and transcript of the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCaroline Raschbaum speaks about her experiences being born and growing up in a household with two opposing religions, finding a passion for Judaism at a young age, Judaism in Williamsburg, the concept of diaspora, and safe spaces for Jews in Williamsburg. The folder contains an index and transcript for the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolder contains maps and written reports.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe folder contains a research paper on hispanic communities in Williamsburg as well as an adult student registration form and a document from William and Mary written in Spanish.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe folder contains a research paper on the exstence of homelessness in relation to Williamsburg, Virginia's tourist economy.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe folder contains a research paper on protesters in Williamsburg as well as an NAACP brochure, copies of posters for Black Lives Matter, a message on a task force on Preventing Sexual Assult and Harrassment, a program for the Lemon Project Spring Symposium titled \"Ghosts of Slavery: The Afterlives of Racial Bondage\", and a CD.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe folder contains a research paper on bicycling in Williamsburg, a series of printed emails on bicycling in Williamsburg, a pamphlet for the ride cycling club at the YMCA, a series of printed letters requesting interviews, The Williamsburg, James City, and York regional bicycle facilities plan from 1997, printed slides from March 26, 2015 WATA Transit Riders Advisory Committee, amap of James City County, a pamphlet for BikeBeat, the Flying Wheel newsletter from April 2015, several more pamphlets on where to ride bikes in the area, and a syllabus for a class on bicycling basics from William and Mary.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe folder contains a research paper on public housing in Williamsburg, a copy of an application for admission to the public housing system, and a copy of a residential lease agreement that all tenants of the WRHA musst sign.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe folder contains a research paper on the influence of bus drivers on their students.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe folder contains a research paper on food security in Grove, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMr. Briggs speaks about growing up in Williamsburg, his medical diagnosis that left him unable to work, and his residence in public housing, specifically the Katherine Circle Apartments. The folder contains a summary and index of the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMs. Burton works for the Williamsburg Redevelopment and Housing Authority (WRHA) and speaks on the mission of the WRHA, the process of applying to public housing with the WRHA, how the lease works, and her feelings on the structure of the public housing system. The folder contains an index and transcript of the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLamar Gray is a 21-year old man who grew up and currently resides in Grove. He speaks on how he ate when he was a wrestler, how he eats now, how he eats healthy, and how he thinks about food. The folder contains an index of the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMs. Heard speaks about her childhood in \"White City\", her various professions, her relationship with Colonial Williamsburg, and her experiences as a union organizer and protestor. The folder contains an index and transcript of the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTerry Jones is a resident of a public housing complex managed by the Williamsburg Redevelopment and Housing Authority (WRHA). They speak about their life history and experiences with housing. The folder contains an index and transcript of the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDorcas Juarez discusses her life in Williamsburg at church, at work, and about the challenges and discrimination that comes from speaking little English. She also speaks about her family, the Latino community, and her journey from El Salvador to Williamsburg. The interview is primarily in Spanish. The folder contains a summary and index of the interview, both in English.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFred Liggin is a pastor at the Williamsburg Christian Church and the founder and president of 3E Restoration which uses mutual relationships to equip and empower homeless individuals to transition to self-sufficiency in everyday life. Mr. Liggin speaks about poverty and homelessness in Williamsburg, his hope for creating systemic change, and his belief that college students can/ have a powerful voice in changing the conversation surrounding homelessness. The folder contains an index and transcript of the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGrace Martien discusses riding the Williamsburg James City County school bus from when she began middle school in 2006  through her senior year of high school. She mainly speaks about her interactions and relationships with bus drivers and the social stratification evident on the bus itself. The folder contains an index and transcript of the summary.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReed Nester is the director of City Planning and discusses how he has changed bicycling in Williamsburg over the last 20 years, his daily commute to and from work, and his involvement with planning out bicycle paths and lanes in Williamsburg. The folder contains a summary, index, and transcript of the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRobert and Sharon own a bike shop called Red Barn Bikes in New Kent County. They discuss their time biking in Williamsburg, their beilief that James City County is not working with bicyclists, their belief that Capital Trail is essential to growing the biking community, and the reasons they opened up their bicycle shop. The folder contains a summary and index of the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSam Smith speaks about Williamsburg's Office of Real Estate Assessment, the city's property values, and how those values are assigned. The folder contains an index and transcript of the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBrenda Tejada discusses her life in Williamsburg at work, with systems like social services, and the overall difficulties she faces from being Latino. She talks about her family the Latino community, and her journey from El Salvador to Williamsburg. The interview is in both English and Spanish. The folder contains an index (in English) and a transcript (in a mix of English and Spanish) of the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRich Thompson discusses his time bicycling in Williamsburg, his involvement with cyclists at the College of William and Mary. He also speaks about his personal reasons for commuting to and from work via bicycle each day. The folder contains a summary and index of the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMary Turnbull is a bicyclist in Williamsburg and a founding member of the Williamsburg Area Bicyclists. Miss. Turnbull speaks about her experiences commuting between her home in York County and her job as a librarian at Lafayette High School and the importance of bike safety. The folder contains a summary and index of the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMrs. Little is a historian and daughter of Reverend Archibald F. Ward, Jr. who advocated on behalf of the displaced citizens of Magruder.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorinne Garland spoke about her work at Williamsburg Preschool for Special Children, her experiences at Child Development Resources, and educational legislation concerning children with disabilities in public schools. This folder contains an index and transcript of the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview was conducted by Andrew Cotman and was indexed by Marriya Schwarz with audio management by Nicholas DeAtley. The interview was later transcribed by Nicholas DeAtley, Marriya Schwarz, and Andrew Cotman. The interview took place during the afternoon of 3/15/18 in the third floor 311 classroom of the College of William and Mary American Studies building, located on 114 North Boundary Street Apt Williamsburg, VA 23185, using a Zoom H-1 Handy Voice Recorder. Overall the quality of the interview is very clear, however the volume of the interview was a little low. There was a little interference due to an AC unit turning on and off which may have obstructed slightly the clearness and volume of Ms. Bell's voice. Also, there was an interference early on in the interview because Ms. Bell's microphone detached from her jacket. During the interview, Barbara Bell discussed her experiences in various school systems, like Richmond Public Schools, Fairfax County Public Schools, Department of Defense Schools, and the Medina City School District, during her 35 years of teaching. She reflected on her experiences teaching students with varying socioeconomic statuses. Throughout the interview, she made references to the power of having diversity throughout the classroom, and the joy that she has gained from teaching. Towards the end of the interview, she discussed her work with homeless student populations and a program that she created, called Diversity-In-Actions that promotes knowledge of African-American culture. For clarity, the transcribers have eliminated ever \"um\" and \"uh\" from the transcription.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview was conducted by Andrew Cotman and was indexed by Marriya Schwarz with audio management by Nicholas DeAtley. The interview was later transcribed by Nicholas DeAtley, Marriya Schwarz, and Andrew Cotman. The interview took place during the afternoon of 3/15/18 in the third floor 311 classroom of the College of William and Mary American Studies building, located on 114 North Boundary Street Apt Williamsburg, VA 23185, using a Zoom H-1 Handy Voice Recorder. Overall the quality of the interview is very clear, however the volume of the interview was a little low. There was a little interference due to an AC unit turning on and off which may have obstructed slightly the clearness and volume of Ms. Bell's voice. Also, there was an interference early on in the interview because Ms. Bell's microphone detached from her jacket. During the interview, Barbara Bell discussed her experiences in various school systems, like Richmond Public Schools, Fairfax County Public Schools, Department of Defense Schools, and the Medina City School District, during her 35 years of teaching. She reflected on her experiences teaching students with varying socioeconomic statuses. Throughout the interview, she made references to the power of having diversity throughout the classroom, and the joy that she has gained from teaching. Towards the end of the interview, she discussed her work with homeless student populations and a program that she created, called Diversity-In-Actions that promotes knowledge of African-American culture. For clarity, the transcribers have eliminated ever \"um\" and \"uh\" from the transcription.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWe interviewed Dr. Byrd-Poller on Tuesday, February 20th, 2018 in the upstairs classroom in the\ncollege apartments. Besides two brief distractions (one from a man hoping to print some papers\nand the other when we needed to get Dr. Byrd-Poller some water), the interview continued\nuninterrupted. We began by discussing her own experience growing up in the Williamsburg-\nJames City County school system and her children's experiences and how practices have\nchanged over time. We then began discussion of her twisting career path that eventually led her\nto her current position as Director of Human Resources at Thomas Nelson Community College.\nOne topic that was particularly relevant throughout the interview was the issue of diversity in her\nown schooling experience, her children's, and today as she plays a large role in hiring\nprospective staff.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWe interviewed Dr. Byrd-Poller on Tuesday, February 20th, 2018 in the upstairs classroom in the\ncollege apartments. Besides two brief distractions (one from a man hoping to print some papers\nand the other when we needed to get Dr. Byrd-Poller some water), the interview continued\nuninterrupted. We began by discussing her own experience growing up in the Williamsburg-\nJames City County school system and her children's experiences and how practices have\nchanged over time. We then began discussion of her twisting career path that eventually led her\nto her current position as Director of Human Resources at Thomas Nelson Community College.\nOne topic that was particularly relevant throughout the interview was the issue of diversity in her\nown schooling experience, her children's, and today as she plays a large role in hiring\nprospective staff.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview was conducted by Shainir Bearfield and was indexed by Nicholas DeAtley with\naudio management done as well by Nicholas DeAtley. Nicholas DeAtley and Shainir Bearfield\nlater transcribed the interview together. The interview took place at 3:30 p.m. of March 23rd of\n2018, at the Land Tech Resources Inc. building located on 3925 Midlands road located in\nWilliamsburg, Virginia 23188 using a Zoom H-1 Handy Voice Recorder. Overall the quality of\nthe interview is very clear and all audio equipment worked extremely well. Interviewed was Lisa\nOwnby who serves as the Vice Chair of the Williainsburg James City County School board. She\nis also appointed as head of the special education advisory committee within the school board\nsystem. During the interview Lisa Ownby discusses how her relationship with her brother\nunfortunately suffering from numerous disabilities impacted her life choices and career path.\nThroughout the interview she discusses her early volunteering with Special Olympics eventually\nleading to her eventual work at Child Development Resources funded by the U.S. Department of\nEducation. Lisa Ownby in this interview offers her point of view on several facets of the\nWilliainsburg James City County Public school system. First and foremost she offers her\nperspective on funding of special education on a local, state and national level. This interview\nwas an excellent way to see how those working within the school board view the production of\nthe special education system and of what issues are taking place in the system in regards to\nfunding. Throughout this interview for clarity, the transcribers have eliminated \"um\" and \"uh\"\nfrom the transcription.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe content of this note came from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview was conducted by Shainir Bearfield and was indexed by Nicholas DeAtley with\naudio management done as well by Nicholas DeAtley. Nicholas DeAtley and Shainir Bearfield\nlater transcribed the interview together. The interview took place at 3:30 p.m. of March 23rd of\n2018, at the Land Tech Resources Inc. building located on 3925 Midlands road located in\nWilliamsburg, Virginia 23188 using a Zoom H-1 Handy Voice Recorder. Overall the quality of\nthe interview is very clear and all audio equipment worked extremely well. Interviewed was Lisa\nOwnby who serves as the Vice Chair of the Williainsburg James City County School board. She\nis also appointed as head of the special education advisory committee within the school board\nsystem. During the interview Lisa Ownby discusses how her relationship with her brother\nunfortunately suffering from numerous disabilities impacted her life choices and career path.\nThroughout the interview she discusses her early volunteering with Special Olympics eventually\nleading to her eventual work at Child Development Resources funded by the U.S. Department of\nEducation. Lisa Ownby in this interview offers her point of view on several facets of the\nWilliainsburg James City County Public school system. First and foremost she offers her\nperspective on funding of special education on a local, state and national level. This interview\nwas an excellent way to see how those working within the school board view the production of\nthe special education system and of what issues are taking place in the system in regards to\nfunding. Throughout this interview for clarity, the transcribers have eliminated \"um\" and \"uh\"\nfrom the transcription.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe content of this note came from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview was conducted by Shainir Bearfield and was indexed by Nicholas DeAtley with\naudio management done as well by Nicholas DeAtley. Nicholas DeAtley and Shainir Bearfield\nlater transcribed the interview together. The interview took place at 3:30 p.m. of March 23rd of\n2018, at the Land Tech Resources Inc. building located on 3925 Midlands road located in\nWilliamsburg, Virginia 23188 using a Zoom H-1 Handy Voice Recorder. Overall the quality of\nthe interview is very clear and all audio equipment worked extremely well. Interviewed was Lisa\nOwnby who serves as the Vice Chair of the Williainsburg James City County School board. She\nis also appointed as head of the special education advisory committee within the school board\nsystem. During the interview Lisa Ownby discusses how her relationship with her brother\nunfortunately suffering from numerous disabilities impacted her life choices and career path.\nThroughout the interview she discusses her early volunteering with Special Olympics eventually\nleading to her eventual work at Child Development Resources funded by the U.S. Department of\nEducation. Lisa Ownby in this interview offers her point of view on several facets of the\nWilliainsburg James City County Public school system. First and foremost she offers her\nperspective on funding of special education on a local, state and national level. This interview\nwas an excellent way to see how those working within the school board view the production of\nthe special education system and of what issues are taking place in the system in regards to\nfunding. Throughout this interview for clarity, the transcribers have eliminated \"um\" and \"uh\"\nfrom the transcription.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe content of this note came from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eI interviewed Jennifer Albarracin at the William and Mary Barnes and Noble on Saturday, April\n7. We were originally meeting to interview Elias Martinez, a father of English Language\nLearning students in WJCC schools. However, by some miscommunication, even though he\narrived at the bookstore, we were never able to find each other. I'm guessing it was an issue with\nparking. After waiting an hour, I interviewed Jennifer. We discussed her own experience\ngrowing up in Fairfax, Virginia with the label of\"ESL\" and how it drove her towards academic\nsuccess because she wanted to leave behind the term \"ESL\" as an identifier. We also touched on\nher parents' interactions with the school system and how her relationship with her parents was\nstrained by communication barriers. Today, Jennifer is a William and Mary student, minoring in\nLatin American studies in order to learn more about her own roots. The background noise is\nrelatively loud throughout the interview, but the recording is still understandable. Although she\ndoes state her name as Jennifer Albarracin Moya in the recording, most of the time she goes by\nsolely her first last name, Albarracin, and so I decided to refer to her as Jennifer Albarracin after\nconsulting her preferences.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eI interviewed Jennifer Albarracin at the William and Mary Barnes and Noble on Saturday, April\n7. We were originally meeting to interview Elias Martinez, a father of English Language\nLearning students in WJCC schools. However, by some miscommunication, even though he\narrived at the bookstore, we were never able to find each other. I'm guessing it was an issue with\nparking. After waiting an hour, I interviewed Jennifer. We discussed her own experience\ngrowing up in Fairfax, Virginia with the label of\"ESL\" and how it drove her towards academic\nsuccess because she wanted to leave behind the term \"ESL\" as an identifier. We also touched on\nher parents' interactions with the school system and how her relationship with her parents was\nstrained by communication barriers. Today, Jennifer is a William and Mary student, minoring in\nLatin American studies in order to learn more about her own roots. The background noise is\nrelatively loud throughout the interview, but the recording is still understandable. Although she\ndoes state her name as Jennifer Albarracin Moya in the recording, most of the time she goes by\nsolely her first last name, Albarracin, and so I decided to refer to her as Jennifer Albarracin after\nconsulting her preferences.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eI interviewed Dr. Barko-Alva on Wednesday, March 21 in Swem library in a group study lounge\non the first floor (this gives reference for the occasional muffled voices in the background).\nEarlier in the day weren't sure if the interview was going to happen because it was snowy, but\nwe did end up completing the interview. We discussed Dr. Barko-Alava's educational\nbackground, beginning with her high school experience in Peru to finishing high school in the\nU.S. and going on to succeed at the University of Florida. She began teaching English her junior\nyear of college and once she graduated, she worked in the local public-school system. Dr. Barko-Alva\nwent back to UF to earn her Master's and Ph.D, and finally found herself at William and\nMary. We also discussed her involvement in educational activist work in Virginia and her\nexperiences 'in the Williamsburg-James City County school system. There were a few sections of\nthe narrative that were removed at the request of the narrator for various reasons including a\nconfidential conversation Dr. Barko-Alva is not at liberty to reveal. However, none of the deleted\nsections were crucial to the narrative being recounted.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe content of this note comes from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eI interviewed Dr. Barko-Alva on Wednesday, March 21 in Swem library in a group study lounge\non the first floor (this gives reference for the occasional muffled voices in the background).\nEarlier in the day weren't sure if the interview was going to happen because it was snowy, but\nwe did end up completing the interview. We discussed Dr. Barko-Alava's educational\nbackground, beginning with her high school experience in Peru to finishing high school in the\nU.S. and going on to succeed at the University of Florida. She began teaching English her junior\nyear of college and once she graduated, she worked in the local public-school system. Dr. Barko-Alva\nwent back to UF to earn her Master's and Ph.D, and finally found herself at William and\nMary. We also discussed her involvement in educational activist work in Virginia and her\nexperiences 'in the Williamsburg-James City County school system. There were a few sections of\nthe narrative that were removed at the request of the narrator for various reasons including a\nconfidential conversation Dr. Barko-Alva is not at liberty to reveal. However, none of the deleted\nsections were crucial to the narrative being recounted.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe content of this note comes from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eI interviewed Ms. Laura Carver on Tuesday, March 20 at her office in Hornsby Middle School.\nUnfortunately, a small portion of the oral history was lost because the voice recorder's memory\ncard filled up, and I did not notice it until after she was done responding to my question.\nHowever, the unrecorded section could not have been much longer than two or three minutes.\nMs. Carver is an English as a Second Language teacher in the WJCC school system and has been\nsince 2015, so we began the interview with a brief overview of her day-to-day interactions with\nEnglish Language Leaners and their parents. We also discussed her educational background and\nher experience working as a missionary and how both impact her interpretation of her role as an\nESL teacher. We ended the interview discussing the challenges of ESL education, specifically in\nthe local area, faced by the ELL students, their teachers, their families and guardians, and WJCC\nschool system .and a few possible ways to better address those challenges in the future. There\nwere three separate sections that were removed at the request of the Ms. Carver and they are\nnoted in the transcript. Nothing crucial to the slory line of her narrative was lost by these\ndeletions.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eI interviewed Ms. Laura Carver on Tuesday, March 20 at her office in Hornsby Middle School.\nUnfortunately, a small portion of the oral history was lost because the voice recorder's memory\ncard filled up, and I did not notice it until after she was done responding to my question.\nHowever, the unrecorded section could not have been much longer than two or three minutes.\nMs. Carver is an English as a Second Language teacher in the WJCC school system and has been\nsince 2015, so we began the interview with a brief overview of her day-to-day interactions with\nEnglish Language Leaners and their parents. We also discussed her educational background and\nher experience working as a missionary and how both impact her interpretation of her role as an\nESL teacher. We ended the interview discussing the challenges of ESL education, specifically in\nthe local area, faced by the ELL students, their teachers, their families and guardians, and WJCC\nschool system .and a few possible ways to better address those challenges in the future. There\nwere three separate sections that were removed at the request of the Ms. Carver and they are\nnoted in the transcript. Nothing crucial to the slory line of her narrative was lost by these\ndeletions.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eI interviewed Ms. Laura Carver on Tuesday, March 20 at her office in Hornsby Middle School.\nUnfortunately, a small portion of the oral history was lost because the voice recorder's memory\ncard filled up, and I did not notice it until after she was done responding to my question.\nHowever, the unrecorded section could not have been much longer than two or three minutes.\nMs. Carver is an English as a Second Language teacher in the WJCC school system and has been\nsince 2015, so we began the interview with a brief overview of her day-to-day interactions with\nEnglish Language Leaners and their parents. We also discussed her educational background and\nher experience working as a missionary and how both impact her interpretation of her role as an\nESL teacher. We ended the interview discussing the challenges of ESL education, specifically in\nthe local area, faced by the ELL students, their teachers, their families and guardians, and WJCC\nschool system .and a few possible ways to better address those challenges in the future. There\nwere three separate sections that were removed at the request of the Ms. Carver and they are\nnoted in the transcript. Nothing crucial to the slory line of her narrative was lost by these\ndeletions.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eI sent these questions sent to Dr. Patricia Tilghman by email, which explains the odd formatting\nof this document. Her responses follow each bolded question. Dr. Tilghman gave me an\noverview of the ESL program in WJCC schools as well as information about her own\nbackground in ESL education. She also discussed a few of the largest challenges WJCC schools\nface in engaging parents of ESL students. Informed consent was received through email. I have\nprinted that out, along with a Deed of Gift.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview was conducted and later indexed by Marriya Schwarz. The interview took place \nduring the evening of 4.4.18 at the College of William \u0026amp; Mary's Swem Library in Group Study\nRoom 235, using a Zoom H-1 Handy Voice Recorder. Overall, the quality of the interview is\nfairly clear. There is some interference due to people talking and playing music loudly over in\nthe next room. During the interview, Alexis Brender A. Brandis discussed her experiences as an\nathlete. She has been involved with Track \u0026amp; Field, gymnastics, and Tae Kwon Do. She went on\nto discuss some of her experiences as a current member of the College of William \u0026amp; Mary's\nTrack \u0026amp; Field team. She reflected on her experiences with various Williamsburg-James City\nCounty Schools and discussed different experiences with teachers. Towards the end of the\ninterview, she discussed her relationship with her family, namely her unofficial \"adoptive\nbrother,\" Ramon, her experiences so far as a sophomore at the College of William \u0026amp; Mary, and\nher experiences with having a connection to both the Williamsburg community and the College.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview was conducted and later indexed by Marriya Schwarz. The interview took place \nduring the evening of 4.4.18 at the College of William \u0026amp; Mary's Swem Library in Group Study\nRoom 235, using a Zoom H-1 Handy Voice Recorder. Overall, the quality of the interview is\nfairly clear. There is some interference due to people talking and playing music loudly over in\nthe next room. During the interview, Alexis Brender A. Brandis discussed her experiences as an\nathlete. She has been involved with Track \u0026amp; Field, gymnastics, and Tae Kwon Do. She went on\nto discuss some of her experiences as a current member of the College of William \u0026amp; Mary's\nTrack \u0026amp; Field team. She reflected on her experiences with various Williamsburg-James City\nCounty Schools and discussed different experiences with teachers. Towards the end of the\ninterview, she discussed her relationship with her family, namely her unofficial \"adoptive\nbrother,\" Ramon, her experiences so far as a sophomore at the College of William \u0026amp; Mary, and\nher experiences with having a connection to both the Williamsburg community and the College.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview was conducted by Marriya Schwarz and indexed by Brenna Cowardin. The\ninterview was later transcribed by Marriya Schwarz. The interview took place during the evening\nof 4/12/18 in front of theater at the Williamsburg Regional Library on Scotland Street, using a\nZoom H-1 Handy Voice Recorder. Overall, the quality of the interview is fairly clear, but the\nvolume is somewhat low. There is some interference due to people filing in and out of the\nWilliamsburg Library, but the audio still can be heard. During the interview, Sylvia Shearin\nWillis discussed her experiences with education within Williamsburg-James City County\nSchools, primarily her experiences with Bruton Heights School and later James Blair High\nSchool after integration in 1966. She reflected on the differences between the two schools. She\nalso discussed her experiences with the different teaching at both schools and minority teaching.\nTowards the end of the interview, she also discussed her experiences with historically black\ncolleges, as well as the educational experiences of her two daughters. For clarity and as\nrequested by the narrator, the transcriber has eliminated every \"um,\" \"uh,\" and \"like\" from the\ntranscription.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview was conducted by Marriya Schwarz and indexed by Brenna Cowardin. The\ninterview was later transcribed by Marriya Schwarz. The interview took place during the evening\nof 4/12/18 in front of theater at the Williamsburg Regional Library on Scotland Street, using a\nZoom H-1 Handy Voice Recorder. Overall, the quality of the interview is fairly clear, but the\nvolume is somewhat low. There is some interference due to people filing in and out of the\nWilliamsburg Library, but the audio still can be heard. During the interview, Sylvia Shearin\nWillis discussed her experiences with education within Williamsburg-James City County\nSchools, primarily her experiences with Bruton Heights School and later James Blair High\nSchool after integration in 1966. She reflected on the differences between the two schools. She\nalso discussed her experiences with the different teaching at both schools and minority teaching.\nTowards the end of the interview, she also discussed her experiences with historically black\ncolleges, as well as the educational experiences of her two daughters. For clarity and as\nrequested by the narrator, the transcriber has eliminated every \"um,\" \"uh,\" and \"like\" from the\ntranscription.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eI interviewed Shamir Bearfield at Swem Library, located rather centrally on the William and Mary campus, in group study room 118. This room is located on the quieter side of the first floor of Swem, and we were therefore able converse without interruption throughout the interview. The interview focused on Shamir's educational experiences growing up, particularly his movement from public to private school and the influence of football on his academic career. We also discussed his transition from a public middle school to a private high school and how that better prepared him for college at William and Mary.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe content of this note comes directly from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eI interviewed Shamir Bearfield at Swem Library, located rather centrally on the William and Mary campus, in group study room 118. This room is located on the quieter side of the first floor of Swem, and we were therefore able converse without interruption throughout the interview. The interview focused on Shamir's educational experiences growing up, particularly his movement from public to private school and the influence of football on his academic career. We also discussed his transition from a public middle school to a private high school and how that better prepared him for college at William and Mary.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe content of this note comes directly from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eI interviewed Shamir Bearfield at Swem Library, located rather centrally on the William and Mary campus, in group study room 118. This room is located on the quieter side of the first floor of Swem, and we were therefore able converse without interruption throughout the interview. The interview focused on Shamir's educational experiences growing up, particularly his movement from public to private school and the influence of football on his academic career. We also discussed his transition from a public middle school to a private high school and how that better prepared him for college at William and Mary.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe content of this note comes directly from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview was conducted by Marriya Schwarz with Nicholas DeAtley indexing during the interview. Marriya Schwarz later transcribed the entire interview. The interview took place in the afternoon of 2/6/18 in the College Apartments where the American Studies Department is located at the College of William \u0026amp; Mary in Williamsburg, VA. During the interview, Andrew Cotman discussed his experiences growing up in Henrico, Virginia. He described his experience with education starting from elementary school to now, where he is currently a senior at the College of William \u0026amp; Mary. For clarity, I have eliminated every \"um\" and \"uh.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview was conducted by Marriya Schwarz with Nicholas DeAtley indexing during the interview. Marriya Schwarz later transcribed the entire interview. The interview took place in the afternoon of 2/6/18 in the College Apartments where the American Studies Department is located at the College of William \u0026amp; Mary in Williamsburg, VA. During the interview, Andrew Cotman discussed his experiences growing up in Henrico, Virginia. He described his experience with education starting from elementary school to now, where he is currently a senior at the College of William \u0026amp; Mary. For clarity, I have eliminated every \"um\" and \"uh.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview was conducted by Marriya Schwarz with Nicholas DeAtley indexing during the interview. Marriya Schwarz later transcribed the entire interview. The interview took place in the afternoon of 2/6/18 in the College Apartments where the American Studies Department is located at the College of William \u0026amp; Mary in Williamsburg, VA. During the interview, Andrew Cotman discussed his experiences growing up in Henrico, Virginia. He described his experience with education starting from elementary school to now, where he is currently a senior at the College of William \u0026amp; Mary. For clarity, I have eliminated every \"um\" and \"uh.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe interview with Brenna Cowardin was recorded on a Tuesday afternoon in a group study room in Earl Greg Swem Library on the William \u0026amp; Mary Campus. Other than our voices, the room was quiet because the door was closed. The room was lined with windows in Brenna's line of sight, which showed students walking around study tables and talking. The only other person in the room was the indexer, Shamir Bearfield. Brenna has a passion education, especially for students who are learning English as a Second Language (ESL). Brenna talks about her interest in education as she reflects on her own experience in the Harrisonburg city public schools in Virginia. Although she has no current plans for entering the educational field, she hopes to use her acquisition of the Spanish language to bridge the gaps for these students and their families in the American public education system. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe interview with Brenna Cowardin was recorded on a Tuesday afternoon in a group study room in Earl Greg Swem Library on the William \u0026amp; Mary Campus. Other than our voices, the room was quiet because the door was closed. The room was lined with windows in Brenna's line of sight, which showed students walking around study tables and talking. The only other person in the room was the indexer, Shamir Bearfield. Brenna has a passion education, especially for students who are learning English as a Second Language (ESL). Brenna talks about her interest in education as she reflects on her own experience in the Harrisonburg city public schools in Virginia. Although she has no current plans for entering the educational field, she hopes to use her acquisition of the Spanish language to bridge the gaps for these students and their families in the American public education system. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe interview with Brenna Cowardin was recorded on a Tuesday afternoon in a group study room in Earl Greg Swem Library on the William \u0026amp; Mary Campus. Other than our voices, the room was quiet because the door was closed. The room was lined with windows in Brenna's line of sight, which showed students walking around study tables and talking. The only other person in the room was the indexer, Shamir Bearfield. Brenna has a passion education, especially for students who are learning English as a Second Language (ESL). Brenna talks about her interest in education as she reflects on her own experience in the Harrisonburg city public schools in Virginia. Although she has no current plans for entering the educational field, she hopes to use her acquisition of the Spanish language to bridge the gaps for these students and their families in the American public education system. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eI interviewed Nicholas DeAtley in a classroom on the third floor of the William and Mary College Apartments building. Nicholas provides a brief yet, enlightening account of his life history. Nicholas discusses a wonderful history of his upbringing from being born in Colombia and brought to the United States at a very young age, to his wonderful childhood with his adoptive family, and his aspirations to play sports in college. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eI interviewed Nicholas DeAtley in a classroom on the third floor of the William and Mary College Apartments building. Nicholas provides a brief yet, enlightening account of his life history. Nicholas discusses a wonderful history of his upbringing from being born in Colombia and brought to the United States at a very young age, to his wonderful childhood with his adoptive family, and his aspirations to play sports in college. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eI interviewed Ms. Marriya Schwarz in the third floor 311 classroom of the William and Mary American Studies academic building, located on 114 North Boundary St. Williamsburg, VA 23185. This was my first time interviewing with the Zoom H-1 Handy Voice Recorder. Overall the quality of the interview is very clear, however the volume of the interview was a little low. This was Marriya's first time being interviewed so she was a little nervous despite some nerves, overall the interview went very well and was very natural. Marriya discusses in the interview where she is from and her upbringing. Detailed are her experiences growing up in Herndon, Virginia with her sister as well as her transition to high school where she excelled in many extracurricular activities. As a high school senior she also detailed many of her experiences transitioning from high school to college and the nerve wrecking college decision process that many seniors go through so often. Throughout my transcript I have decided to remove the majority of non-verbal utterances such as \"uh\" and \"um\" because it does not represent by my opinion an important aspect of Marriya's speaking style. I also felt it hindered the fluidity of the transcript as it occurred throughout the interview quite often. Marriya is a very academically focused person, who has garnered some very highly regarded awards from her scholastic work. Her ultimate goal is to become a screenwriter and intends to follow that passion after she graduates from the College of William and Mary.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eI interviewed Ms. Marriya Schwarz in the third floor 311 classroom of the William and Mary American Studies academic building, located on 114 North Boundary St. Williamsburg, VA 23185. This was my first time interviewing with the Zoom H-1 Handy Voice Recorder. Overall the quality of the interview is very clear, however the volume of the interview was a little low. This was Marriya's first time being interviewed so she was a little nervous despite some nerves, overall the interview went very well and was very natural. Marriya discusses in the interview where she is from and her upbringing. Detailed are her experiences growing up in Herndon, Virginia with her sister as well as her transition to high school where she excelled in many extracurricular activities. As a high school senior she also detailed many of her experiences transitioning from high school to college and the nerve wrecking college decision process that many seniors go through so often. Throughout my transcript I have decided to remove the majority of non-verbal utterances such as \"uh\" and \"um\" because it does not represent by my opinion an important aspect of Marriya's speaking style. I also felt it hindered the fluidity of the transcript as it occurred throughout the interview quite often. Marriya is a very academically focused person, who has garnered some very highly regarded awards from her scholastic work. Her ultimate goal is to become a screenwriter and intends to follow that passion after she graduates from the College of William and Mary.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eI interviewed Ms. Marriya Schwarz in the third floor 311 classroom of the William and Mary American Studies academic building, located on 114 North Boundary St. Williamsburg, VA 23185. This was my first time interviewing with the Zoom H-1 Handy Voice Recorder. Overall the quality of the interview is very clear, however the volume of the interview was a little low. This was Marriya's first time being interviewed so she was a little nervous despite some nerves, overall the interview went very well and was very natural. Marriya discusses in the interview where she is from and her upbringing. Detailed are her experiences growing up in Herndon, Virginia with her sister as well as her transition to high school where she excelled in many extracurricular activities. As a high school senior she also detailed many of her experiences transitioning from high school to college and the nerve wrecking college decision process that many seniors go through so often. Throughout my transcript I have decided to remove the majority of non-verbal utterances such as \"uh\" and \"um\" because it does not represent by my opinion an important aspect of Marriya's speaking style. I also felt it hindered the fluidity of the transcript as it occurred throughout the interview quite often. Marriya is a very academically focused person, who has garnered some very highly regarded awards from her scholastic work. Her ultimate goal is to become a screenwriter and intends to follow that passion after she graduates from the College of William and Mary.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eI interviewed Mr. Robert Braxton in the College Apartments, which is located on Boundary Street in Williamsburg, VA, in the office of the Williamsburg Documentary Project.  Mr. Braxton was very engaged with the topic and welcoming of any questions that we had for him.  He began his interview by drawing out a revised version of a map of the Triangle, which we drew a copy of.  Having grown up in the area surrounding the Triangle, Mr. Braxton had a valuable perspective on the area.  We covered topics regarding the businesses that were located on the Triangle, how the redevelopment project occurred, and the progress that Williamsburg is making today, in addition to Mr. Braxton's experience on City Council. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eI interviewed Steve Harris in College Apartments 5a, overlooking the businesses and traffic at the corner of Prince George Street and South Boundary Street. It was a nice day out and we were lucky that Mr. Harris, who was visiting from Michigan where he now spends much of his time, had lent of his limited time in Williamsburg to the WDP's research of the Triangle Block. The conversation spanned the pre-redevelopment, redevelopment, and post-redevelopment periods of the Triangle's history, starting from Mr. Harris's days at Marshall-Wythe Law School. Mr. Harris brought with him a series of printed-out aerial photographs of the Triangle which he refers to multiple times during the interview.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSamantha and I interviewed Mr. Parker in one of the conference rooms on the first floor of College Apartments. He brought along a large binder full of documents that he allowed us to make copies of later, so there are times throughout the recording and transcript that he pauses to look at his materials or pull out a piece for our use. We discovered him through his association with the Society of Friends of African American History, the group responsible for the monument at the Triangle, so a lot of our focus was on that. He also shared his personal feelings about redevelopment and other issues surrounding the history of African Americans in Williamsburg. Early in the interview, there is some confusion over where Mr. Parker was to sign on the informed consent form, so there are pauses as we examined the form.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe content of this note is taken from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eI, Kandace Kimber, and Francie Zidonis interviewed Tony Conyers in Adriene's office in the College Apartments. Unfortunately, the room wasn't sound proof and there were renovations being done in the hallway so there is some background noise that can be heard in recording. Conyers is a native to Williamsburg and has spent majority of his career in both local and federal government. During the interview we discuss his upbringing and adulthood in Williamsburg, his experience developing new initiatives for the citizens in the city, and what he envisions for Williamsburg and James City County in the future. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe content of this note comes from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eI interviewed former City Councilman Scott Foster in one of the offices on the second floor of the college apartments. It was a very comfortable and casual atmosphere and I believe Mr. Foster had no trouble expressing himself in that environment. Scott Foster was a former student at the College of William \u0026amp; Mary ('10) and the first student to be elected to the Williamsburg City Council serving from 2010-2018. He has now retired from the City Council and resides in Skipwith Farms with his wife, working at a local law firm. We spoke a lot about Foster's time at the college (as well as, the law school), affordability in Williamsburg, and his overall passion for the city.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe content of this note comes from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWe interviewed Roy Gerardi and Tyrone Franklin in a small office in the Municipal Building, located at 401 Lafayette Street, on Friday, April 12. Mr. Gerardi could not stay for the duration of the interview, but before he was called out, he discussed his role in the Williamsburg Redevelopment and Housing Authority (WRHA), some of the programs available for low-income residents, and what he terms the \"five-fold reality\" of poverty. During his half of the interview, Mr. Franklin, the newly hired executive director for the WRHA, spoke about his experiences with affordable housing in his previous roles and his plans for Williamsburg moving forward.  \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eI interviewed Albert and Liz Johnson in the living room of their home in the BrookHaven neighborhood, which is located off of Ironbound road in James City County. While both Al and Liz participated in the interview, only Al wore a microphone so many of Liz's contributions are quiet or difficult to hear. I have done my best to transcribe them accurately, but some of her comments were indistinguishable due to the distance. The Johnsons seemed happy to welcome us into their home and to speak with us about Brookhaven. They have participated in the Williamsburg Documentary Project in the past and are experienced interviewees among American Studies students. During the interview the Johnsons showed us plans for the neighborhood, documents from Al's restaurant career, and photographs of their restaurant. We discussed the history and milieu of Brookhaven and Al's role as a founder of the neighborhood and a local entrepreneur. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eI interviewed Mr. Small in a conference room in the Public Works and Utilities department of the Williamsburg Municipal Building, located off of Lafayette Street in Williamsburg, Virginia. Mr. Small is a Williamsburg native and the current city engineer. His father worked in city planning in Williamsburg and James City County as well, helping to develop neighborhoods like Newtown and Fords Colony. As someone who has lived here for almost his entire life, Mr. Small has developed an extensive interest in the history of the development of Williamsburg. Our interview covers a number of topics, including why Williamsburg and the surrounding areas began to expand and develop in the eighties and nineties, moving into the history of various neighborhoods and areas, and finishing with a better understanding about how various aspects of the environment affect the way the city is developed. Throughout the course of the interview, there are various references to Google Maps, which Mr. Small was showing us on a projector, and to a smaller map in the room of Williamsburg with the understanding that it looks like a turkey.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eI interviewed Ms. Kandace Kimber in one of the Swem Library study rooms on the first floor (room 134C). The room was noticeably brighter than many of the surrounding rooms and areas and did somewhat disturb the individuals in the room. Kandace is a senior at the College and a Virginia native coming from Petersburg, VA. We spoke a lot about her living situation and went into great detail about her plans for the future. Kandace had a very relaxed demeanor and if she was nervous for the interview, one could not tell. A variety of topics were touched on during the interview concerning Kandace's personal life goals, about which she seemed very keen to talk about. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eI interviewed Ms. Resha in her office in the College Apartmnets, located on South Boundary Street in Williamsburg, VA. This is a practice interview for class, my second time every interviewing someone and my first time leading an interview on my own. Ms. Resha is 24 years old and a graduate student in the American Studies department, and the Teaching Assistant for our class. She studies Arab and Muslim representation in comic books. We discussed her research to some extent, but also focused a lot on her sense of what home has meant to her at varying points in her life. Ms. Resha considers herself to be \"from\" Florida, but has also lived in a number of places like Alabama, Charlottesville, VA, and Williamsburg.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe content of this note comes from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eI interviewed Brenna Thanner in a Swem library study room (134c), adjacent to the computer lab. We were the first in our group to interview. The room we were in was a comfortable size but the fluorescent overhead lights were extremely bright and hot. In the interview, I primarily ask Brenna about her family home in Jacksonville, Florida and her experiences in Williamsburg.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eI interviewed Francie Zidonis in College Apartments (114 N Boundary Street) room 224 the evening of Sunday, February 24th, 2019. By the time we had finished this interview, it was dark outside. The narrator, indexer, and myself had each already participated in two other practice interviews prior to conducting this interview. There is no remarkable outside noise; however, there are occasionally moments when laughter overwhelms the interview. We discussed Francie's hometown, Columbus, Ohio, and Williamsburg, often the College of William \u0026amp; Mary specifically, among other things.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview was conducted by Hallie Feinman and indexed by Austin Curtis. The interview took place on the morning of 2/8/21 via Zoom. Ava Coles discussed her childhood growing up in rural Virginia and the changes that came when her family moved to Charlottesville. She talks about her relationship with her family and siblings as well as her community at large.  Special interest is paid to the impacts of her education and upbringing and the impacts they have had on her life as an adult.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDescription was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview was conducted by Austin Curtis and indexed by Ava Coles. The interview took place on the afternoon of April 14, 2021 over Zoom. Janet Cummings describes the ways in which she has adjusted the efforts of the Relief Society of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Williamsburg to strengthen bonds of sisterhood among Latter-day Saint women. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDescription was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview was conducted by Ava Coles and indexed by Hallie Feinman. The\ninterview took place on the morning of 2/8/21 via Zoom. Austin Curtis discussed his childhood\ngrowing up as the son of two diplomats. He talks about the various places he lived as well as his\nrelationship with his siblings and why he chose to attend William \u0026amp; Mary.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDescription comes from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview was conducted by Jasmine Geonzon and was indexed by Maeve Quigley. The\nentire interview was not transcribed. The interview took place on the morning of 4/26/2021 over\nZoom. Ms. Davis discussed her experiences as a patron and employee of the Williamsburg\nRegional Library, the library's role in the Williamsburg community, and the WRL's response to\nthe COVID-19 pandemic.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDescription was taken from the headnote created by the interview team.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis oral history was conducted by Austin Curtis who later indexed and used happyscribe.com to transcribe the interview. This interview occurred at noon on February 8th, 2021 in Ava Cole's Personal Zoom Meeting Room. Hallie Feinman talks about her childhood and dissociative disorder. A condition which as she describes it as feeling like \"watching someone else pantomime through life [like] you,\" (03:40). Hallie Feinmen also addresses how COVID quarantines have affected her mental health. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDescription taken from headnote created by the interview team.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview was conducted by Maeve Quigley and was indexed by Jasmine Geonzon. The\nentire interview was later transcribed using Otter.ai. The interview took place on the afternoon of\n4/12/2021 over Zoom. Ms. Fowler discussed her life and work history, her role as the director of\nthe Williamsburg Regional Library, the library's role in the Williamsburg community, and the\nWRL's response to the COVID-19 pandemic.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDescription was taken from the headnote created by the interview team.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview was conducted by Amy Nadel and Johnette Weaver with Colleen Rodgers indexing. The interview took place virtually via Zoom video conferencing software in the afternoon of 4/30/21. All involved were sitting in their homes. Mrs. Weaver both helped interview her mother and served as another narrator by interjecting at times to provide helpful context to what Mrs. Gordon was saying. Mrs. Gordon discusses growing up in Magruder then moving to Highland Park, both Black neighborhoods. She shares her impressions of being a part of her Church community, going to segregated Bruton Heights School, being married to a Marine, and her desire to give her children as many educational opportunities as possible. Also, she shares her opinion of how Highland Park has changed over time and the impact of Covid 19 on her life.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDescription was taken from the headnote created by the interview team.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview was conducted by Lauren White and indexed by Austin Curtis. The interview\ntook place on the morning of April 28, 2021 over Zoom. Tawanda Hammond describes the ways\nin which she started operating her own decorative cake shop at a young age and moved around\nlocations before ending up in Williamsburg. Hammond describes the ways her business was\nforced to adapt during the COVID-19 pandemic and the adversities that she faced. Hammond\nalso discusses the community of Williamsburg, and how it can improve on being more inclusive.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDescription was taken from the headnote created by the interview team.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn this exercise, Jasmine Geonzon interviews Ron Littman with assistance from Sol Gallego-Garcia, who indexed the interview as it was taking place. The interview took place in the afternoon of 2/10/2021, as each Ron, Jasmine, and Sol were each in their respective homes, meeting over a recorded Zoom session. Here, Ron Littman discusses growing up in Williamsburg, having an unconventional school trajectory, and current college life. This transcription was created with the help of Otter.ai with necessary adjustments made for accuracy.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDescription was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview was conducted by Lauren White and indexed by Ava Coles. The interview took\nplace on the afternoon of 2/25/21 over Zoom. Hatley Mason discussed his difficult decision to\nclose Mermaid Books, which he ran for over eleven years.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDescription was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview of Amy Nadel was conducted by Colleen Rodgers and indexed by Maeve Quigley\non Sunday, February 7, 2021, at 3:40pm. The interview took place virtually due to the impact of\nthe COVID-19 pandemic and was done over Zoom, but Ms. Nadel was located in her room in an\noff-campus house. In the interview, Ms. Nadel discusses her experience of living abroad during\nthe onset of the pandemic in March of 2020.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDescription was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview was conducted by Colleen Rodgers with Hallie Feinman indexing. The interview\ntook place virtually via Zoom at 5:00pm on Wednesday, May 5, 2021. In the interview, Macie\nOsborn, the mother of two sons currently enrolled in Williamsburg-James City County (WJCC)\nPublic Schools, discusses her experience with online learning during the Covid-19 pandemic.\nShe details the experiences of each of her sons, one in elementary school and one in middle\nschool, and expresses gratitude for WJCC's ability to adapt to an ever-changing pandemic-era\nworld.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eI interviewed Maeve Quigley on Zoom. She was in her on-campus dorm room, while I was in\nmy off campus room. It was a cloudy, rainy day. Maeve seemed relaxed and ready to speak to us\nabout her experience moving to different places while growing up because she was smiling\nthroughout. She explained how living in three different regions within Virginia shaped her life.\nMaeve was 21 years old during the interview.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eI interviewed Miss Rodgers over Zoom. Miss Rodgers was excited to describe how her family\nhistory shared interesting parallels with John Steinbeck's East of Eden . She gave some\nbackground on the book before delving into her own family's stories, including some funny\nstories passed down from her grandparents and older relatives.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe description is taken from the headnote created by the interview team.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview was conducted by Hallie Feinman with Colleen Rodgers indexing. This interview took place virtually over Zoom on Thursday, April 22nd, at 7 PM. The interview was roughly thirty minutes long. In the interview, local community college student Savannah Merriman talked about her time as a high school senior during the beginning of COVID-19 and her subsequent experiences with graduation, community college, and different communities in her life. Towards the latter half of the interview, Savannah spends time talking about her experiences with social media. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDescription taken from headnote created by interview team.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview was conducted by Lauren White and indexed by Michelle Lelièvre. The interview\ntook place on the afternoon of April 21, 2021 over Zoom. Michelle Lelièvre was in Richmond.\nLauren White was in Williamsburg. Monique Sowell (MS1) and Michelle Seiling (MS2) were in\nthe office of the Hound's Tale in Williamsburg. Sowell and Seiling discuss their relationship with\nAromas Cafe, how they reacted to the early stages of the pandemic, and the adversities they\nfaced. They also discuss the different programs they received financial aid from, as well as\nbusiness plans for the upcoming future.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis description is taken from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eI interviewed Bishop David Trichler over Zoom. Bishop Trichler about becoming Bishop of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS) in Williamsburg, how his congregation adjusted to COVID health protocols, and his own personal relationship with the Mormon faith.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview was conducted by Colleen Rodgers with Amy Nadel indexing. The interview took\nplace virtually via Zoom at 8:00pm on Tuesday, April 13, 2021. In the interview, Bruton High\nSchool senior Cate Westenberger discusses her life in Williamsburg. She describes her public\nschool experience prior to and during the Covid-19 pandemic, as well as her experience with\nextracurricular activities such as sports and her job at Wythe Candy in Colonial Williamsburg.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview was conducted by Ava Coles and indexed by Lauren White. The interview took place on the afternoon of 4/16/21 over Zoom. Becki Wildenburger discussed her engagement with House of Mercy as a Housing Navigator, personal motivations, and House of Mercy's relationship with the Williamsburg community. Ms. Wildenburger detailed the landscape of affordable housing in Williamsburg and discussed how her role has changed during the COVID-19 pandemic.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview was conducted by Ava Coles on April 19th, 2021 over Zoom. Ms. Wolosynowski discussed the origins of the Williamsburg House of Mercy and her experience as the founder and executive director. During COVID-19, she forged critical community coalitions to further the mission of her organization and served the Williamsburg community through impressive food and housing services. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn this roundtable interview, Colonial Williamsburg Foundation employees Adam Canaday, Janice Canaday, and Paul Undra Jeter join the Director of Engagement at the Muscarelle Museum and visual artist Steve Prince and discuss the memorialization of African American history in Williamsburg, representation in the arts, local and national resistance to historical truth-telling, and visions for honoring African American ancestors. The Canadays discuss how being descendants of the first Black families of Williamsburg shaped both their careers as interpreters of African American history in CW. They also detail the legacy of Black labor in Williamsburg and express their frustrations with current obstacles to include African American representations in museums. Mr. Prince discusses his role as a visual artist, how he incorporates tragic histories within beautiful images, the power of visual representation, and how the lack of African American representation in public spaces harms the community. The narrators ask each other questions and relate their experiences throughout their discussion since this was the first time the CW employees met Steve Prince and the interviewers. The interview was conducted by undergraduate student Katherine 'Kate' Zabinski and indexed by her classmate Jamie Carkenord on April 20, 2022, at the Colonial Williamsburg Interpreters Office located at 427 Franklin Street in Williamsburg, VA. In the roundtable, Zabinski references the conversations she previously had with other community members who share local history with the roundtable participants. The roundtable interview was completed for an oral history research project in AMST 410: The Williamsburg Documentary Project, taught by Professor Michelle Lelièvre.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview was conducted by Jamie Carkenord and was indexed by Katherine Zabinski. The interview was transcribed. The interview took place on the morning of 1/28/2022 over Zoom. Ms. Clark discussed her life story moving across the country multiple times, what her childhood was like, and her college experience as an American Studies major.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis description is taken from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn this interview, William and Mary student Jamie Carkenord discusses how and why she chose to pursue an undergraduate degree in American Studies and how the program has influenced her life. Carkenord describes how she chose American Studies because the interdisciplinary elements that allow her to study many topics and choose her own specialization of her interests. She explains how her mother also majored in American studies and how her mother's descriptions of history departments discouraged her from majoring in history. In American Studies, Carkenord found ease in both completing classes and scheduling new ones. Carkenord discusses how her major has increased her interest in Black American history and overall histories of minority groups in the United States, which have been the most rewarding features of her degree work. Carkenord's journey in American studies has changed the way she views social, political, legal, and economic factors of American society and she states that she continues to look for why historical events happen and who made them occur.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis description is taken from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview was conducted and indexed by Teresa Clark. The interview took place on the afternoon of 04/22/2022 over Zoom. Ms. Cleveland discussed her journey as an artist in places like Chicago, Arizona, Williamsburg, and more. She discussed her artistic medium, the themes she draws on, and how her Williamsburg public art sculptures came to be. Ms. Cleveland also embeds her perspective on Williamsburg's public art scene in a story about coming back to the town herself and becoming a mother.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn this interview, Christopher Custalow (a citizen of the Oklahoma Cherokee Nation),\nKody Grant (a citizen of the Pueblo of Isleta and a descendant of the Eastern Band of Cherokee\nIndians), and Martin Saniga (a citizen of the Saponi Tribe out of Person County, North Carolina\nand Halifax County, Virginia) discuss their experiences working as American Indian interpreters\nin the tourism industry and the evolution of Indigenous representation in Colonial Williamsburg.\nThe narrators share information about their personal journeys with their cultural identities, the\ndifficulties and rewards about their career, and their hopes for the expansion of American Indian\nprogramming at Colonial Williamsburg.\nThis interview was conducted by Alison Walsh, and it was indexed by Alex Luck. The entire\ninterview was transcribed. The interview took place during the morning of 04/19/2022 on a\nZoom call.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis description was taken from a headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview was conducted, transcribed and indexed by Teresa Clark, The interview took place on the afternoon of 02/18/2022 at the city Municipal Buildings. Williamsburg Public Art Council members and Tourism Development specialist and WPAC staff liaison Joanna Skrabala discussed their role on the council, their view of public art, and the WPAC's work. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn this interview, Rev. Dr. Julie Grace discusses how her involvement in the Historic First Baptist Church in Williamsburg, VA throughout her childhood led to her career as a minister and her dedication to preserving African American history. She details her family's history living in Williamsburg and working for the Colonial Williamsburg Foundation, her experiences going to segregated schools, and how many Black residents view the tourism districts differently with their ancestors' dispossessions in mind. Dr. Grace describes how her ancestors' 19th-century lives as successful Black business and landowners along Duke of Gloucester Street, like Alexander Dunlop, and the overall prosperity of the African American community in Williamsburg are neglected histories that need to be commemorated in the city's physical landscape. She also expresses her personal thoughts on memorialization of African American history in the Colonial Capital of Virginia. The interview was conducted by undergraduate student Katherine 'Kate' Zabinski and indexed by her classmate Karissa McDonald on April 25, 2022, using the Zoom video conferencing platform. In the interview, Zabinski references the roundtable discussion she previously conducted with other community members who share local history with Dr. Grace. The interview was completed for an oral history research project in AMST 410: the Williamsburg Documentary Project, taught by Professor Michelle Lelièvre.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview was conducted in-person at the Williamsburg Regional Library in\nWilliamsburg, Virginia during the afternoon of April 28th, 2022. This interview was conducted\nby Kirsten Knisely, and it was indexed by Alison Walsh. Robert Haas was the narrator. Mr. Haas\ndescribed his work as the Director of Program Services at the library. This job allows for him to\nplan and coordinate the live performing arts performances within the library theater. Mr. Haas\ndiscussed the history of performing arts at the library, the role of performing arts in\nWilliamsburg, funding and financial situation of the arts in Williamsburg, and his successes and\nfailures within his job. He also discusses the role of the college and tourism in the success of the\nlibrary. He also discusses the importance of increasing diversity. The interview was recorded\nusing a Zoom audio recording device. The interview was just under an hour.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn this interview, Williamsburg resident Neill Hollands describes his job as the president\nof the Board of Directors for the Williamsburg Players. Mr. Hollands has been working with the\nWilliamsburg Players for 10 years.. The Players are a non-profit community theater group that\nruns completely out of their theater on Hubbard Lane. The group typically puts on 12 shows a\nyear that are funded by donations, support from the city, and ticket sales. Hollands discusses the\nfinancial situation of the Players and how COVID-19 impacted in-person activities. The\ninterview continues on to discuss the community building aspect of community theater. He\ndescribes how the theater community is very well-loved among the older community within\nWilliamsburg. Hollands discusses the importance of diversity within the Performing arts world,\nand how the Williamsburg Players work to increase diversity, but ultimately sruggle. This\ninterview was completed as a part of Kirsten Knisely's research project on Performing arts in\nWilliamsburg, Virginia. Knisely conducted the interview in-person using zoom audio recording\ntools. The interview took place on April 24th, 2022 at the James-York Playhouse, where the\nWilliamsburg Players are based. This project is associated with the American Studies program,\nand will complete the AMST 410: Williamsburg Documentary Project, taught by Professor\nMichelle Lelievre.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn this interview, Kirsten Knisely her early childhood and high school years. She\ndescribes her family life and speaks about people she admires. Kirsten grew up in Arlington,\nVirginia and in the interview, she speaks on her high school experience and friendships. Kirsten\ndetails some core memories as well as fandoms she was involved in high school and her beliefs\nin the tooth fairy and Santa. The interview was completed for an assignment in AMST 410:\nWilliamsburg Documentary Project, taught by Professor Michelle Lelièvre.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview was conducted and indexed by Alison Walsh. The entire interview was\ntranscribed using Zoom Video Communications. The interview took place on the\nmorning of 1/30/2022 over Zoom. Ms. Luck describes her life history, including growing\nup in rural North Carolina, grappling with differing viewpoints from her family and\ncommunity, attending the College of William \u0026amp; Mary, her passions for dance and history,\nand significant influences on her life.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview was conducted by Alex Luck and was indexed by Alex Luck. The entire interview was transcribed using Word afterwards. The interview took place on the morning of 1/30/2022 over Zoom. Karissa McDonald discussed topics about different stages of her life, including International Schooling, her college experience, and her plans for graduation. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn this interview, former Williamsburg resident Jessika Weaver Miller (daughter of\nWilliamsburg activist Johnette Gordon Weaver and granddaughter of Highland Park resident\nMyrtle Gordon) describes her professional experiences in the U.S. Navy and in insurance work\nand education in Australia. She speaks about joining the Navy after attending the U.S. Naval\nAcademy and starting a family with her Australian husband in Australia. There, she developed\nan interest in local Indigenous cultures and decided to pursue teaching professionally. Miller\ndescribes her decision to teach in the Torres Strait, a remote northern island region populated by\nIndigenous communities. She talks about the challenges of cross-cultural teaching and working\nin a remote school with limited technological resources and low literacy rates, and her effort to\nstart a Navy Cadet program in the area. She then shifts to discuss her own educational experience\nin Williamsburg, Virginia, particularly at Jamestown High School, a majority-white school. She\nspeaks to her involvement with the First Baptist Church in Williamsburg and her relationship\nwith churches in Australia. The interview concludes with a discussion of her two elementary\nschool-aged children and her educational and social goals for them. This interview was\nconducted by undergraduate W\u0026amp;M senior Jamie Carkenord on April 29, 2022 using the Zoom\nvideo conferencing platform. Jessika Miller was Zooming in from Thursday Island, Australia, so\nher local time was 9:00am on April 30th. This interview was completed as part of Carkenord's\nresearch project in AMST 410: Williamsburg Documentary Project, taught by Professor\nMichelle Lelièvre.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview was conducted in-person by Teresa Clark and indexed by Katherine Zabinski at the Culture Fix building located at 410 Francis St. in Williamsburg, VA on the morning of 4/27/2022. Mrs. Wendy Miller discussed her experiences as a long-time resident of Williamsburg who captures local experiences as the director and photographer of Culture Fix.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview was conducted by and indexed by Karissa McDonald. The entire interview was later transcribed using Otter.ai. The interview took place on the afternoon of 4/12/2021 over Zoom. Mr. Russell discussed his life and work history, his experiences with ghost stories, and the famous ghost stories of Williamsburg. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn this interview, Martin Saniga, who identifies as Saponi, Native, and American, discusses how growing up in Newport News, Virginia with his white mother and adoptive white father initially made him feel removed from his Saponi culture. He gradually reclaimed his culture by involving himself and making a difference within the Indigenous community of the greater Williamsburg area. On top of his career, he works with an Indigenous youth culture camp and is the president of a nonprofit language revitalization consortium. Mr. Saniga describes his career path: first joining the Coast Guard, later working as a site supervisor for Jamestown Settlement, and now working as an interpreter and head of the American Indian Initiative for Colonial Williamsburg. Mr. Saniga answers questions about the public reception of recent American Indian programming, museum ownership of Indigenous objects, the migration history of the Saponi people, William \u0026amp; Mary's complicated relationship with the local Indigenous community, and the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on his work. \nThe interview was conducted by undergraduate students Alex Luck and Alison Walsh on February 24th, 2022 using the Zoom video conferencing platform. The interview was indexed by undergraduate students Kirsten Knisely and Karissa McDonald. The interview was completed for the Guest Interview assignment in AMST 410: Williamsburg Documentary Project, taught by Professor Michelle Lelièvre.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nThis description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWithin this interview on January 30th, 2022 at 10:15am, Kirsten Knisely interviews her peer Alison Walsh. After Alison approves consent to conduct the interview, Kirsten begins her questions. Throughout the interview, Kirsten asks Alison questions concerning her youth and growing up, particularly what she was interested in as a kid and throughout high school. Alison describes her passions for sports and extracurriculars. She also describes her family and their importance to her. Kirsten continues to ask Alison about her time at William and Mary, what she is involved in, and who she spends her time with. Alison talks about her participation in a multitude of extracurricular activities and talks about her closest friends in college. The interview then moves to discussing the future, where Alison describes her plans to be an environmental lawyer and potentially starting a family one day. At the end of the interview, Alison signs the deed of gift form. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn this interview, Ms. Johnette Weaver discusses how her personal history and education in Williamsburg, VA shaped her work as an advocate for social justice. She describes her family's arrival in Virginia in the late 17th century, their dislocations, and eventual establishment in Highland Park. Ms. Weaver explains her complicated relationship with the Colonial Williamsburg Foundation alongside her pride in the work she has done as an interpreter there. She tells of her lifelong love of reading and of her choice to attend the historically Black college, Hampton University. Ms. Weaver discusses her social media manager position with Williamsburg Action, a social justice advocacy group that formed in 2020. The interview was conducted by undergraduate students Katherine Zabinski and Teresa Clark on February 15, 2022, using the Zoom video conferencing platform. In the interview, Clark and Zabinski reference the background knowledge they received about Johnette Weaver from assignments conducted in their undergraduate course AMST 410: Williamsburg Documentary Project, taught by Professor Michelle Lelièvre. Both the class assignment observations and interview were completed for an assignment in AMST 410.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn this interview, William and Mary student Katherine Zabinski describes her upbringing in a\nmilitary family, how it exposed her to other cultures and helped inform her passion for American\nhistory, and also describes her path to the college and the love of hip hop DJing she picked up\nhere. Zabinski narrates her family's moves from California to Washington State to Virginia,\nwhere she has lived since middle school. She explains that she does not consider uprooting\nmultiple times a downside, except that she finds it awkward trying to describe where she is from.\nOn the contrary, she describes how living in multiple places exposed her to more diverse\nAmerican cultures, growing familiar with Native and Chicano communities in California,\nIndigenous and Asian-American communities in Washington, and Black communities along with\nother diverse cultures in Virginia. She describes moving to Virginia and the South as a culture\nshock, but enjoyed the diverse geographies along with the diverse cultures: the California\ndeserts, Washington mountains, and Virginia cotton and cornfields. Zabinski describes the roots\nof her interest in history and the way attending predominantly Black middle and high schools\nand becoming friends with Black women inspired her to learn more about African-American\nhistory and American history that acknowledges white supremacy. She narrates how she came to\nbe interested in William \u0026amp; Mary. Initially having thought to join the military or attend\ncosmetology school, it was her teachers who encouraged her to take summer classes in the\nNIAHD program at the college, causing her to fall in love with the campus and with colonial to\nrevolutionary American history—with Richmond as one focus. Zabinski closes the interview by\ndescribing the extracurricular she has most enjoyed at William and Mary: the SOUL students of\nhip hop legacy club. She describes her involvement in the executive and social media branches\nof the club, and the DJing she had the opportunity to on a large and small scale during her time\nhere.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn this interview, American Studies and Gender, Sexuality and Women's Studies (GSWS)\nProfessor Leisa Meyer narrates their experience living in Williamsburg, Virginia, and the\nsurrounding areas as it pertains to the Queer community. Professor Meyer begins with detailing\ntheir life as a Professor at William and Mary, how much they care for their students and reform,\nand how they came to be a Professor and long-time resident of Williamsburg. They explain how\nthe surrounding areas of Williamsburg have a more lively Queer presence, and details some of\nthe history behind the notorious Gay/Lesbian bars in these more urbanized towns. Throughout\nthe interview, there are discussions of what qualifies as a Queer space, what Williamsburg and\nthe Queer community in the town can do to advance their presence in the Colonial city, and ends\nwith concluding remarks about Williamsburg as a whole.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview is conducted by Natalie Corsello and indexed by Emma Blackwood. The interview is transcribed by Abby Mendez (they/them). The interview took place in person in the Haven on April 16th at 11:00am. Liz Cascone discusses her background in terms of education and her journey leading up to their move to Williamsburg, as well as her thoughts on the difficulties of finding Queer community and spaces as a non-student, non-retiree in Williamsburg.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn this interview, Marcus Banks Jr. discusses his upbringing in the sports world and those who have positively influenced his journey as a basketball player. A native of the Williamsburg and Newport News areas, Banks begins by explaining who introduced him to the game of basketball and how he fell in love with it. He discusses his experience with basketball prior to college, transferring to different high schools, and the process by which he developed his skills on and off the court, as well as how he was able to overcome adversity. He speaks on what the game has meant to him throughout his life, the various coaches who have helped mold him into the young man he is today, and teammates he has had the pleasure of playing alongside. Finally, Marcus elaborates on the countless lessons, skills, and experiences that basketball has afforded him, and how these things can be applied to other areas of his life.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn the following oral history, John McGlennon, a Professor in Government at the College of\nWilliam \u0026amp; Mary and member of the Board of Supervisors of James City County, Virginia, discusses his\ninterest in politics as a youth, his education and activities at Fordham University and Johns Hopkins\nUniversity, and his participation in the Democratic Party in Williamsburg, Virginia. McGlennon explains\nhow his New York childhood and background as a first-generation college student sparked his initial\ninterest in politics, particularly in the Kennedy presidency. His increasing dissatisfaction with the Johnson\npresidency led McGlennon to become involved in the high school and college newspapers, which instilled\na belief in the consequence of journalism and academia as avenues for influencing politics. McGlennon\ndescribes his impressions of the First Congressional District of Virginia upon arriving in Williamsburg in\n1974, detailing his rise through the local Democratic Party from 1978 to 1981. Finally, he outlines his\n1982 strategy to campaign against then-State Senator Herb Bateman in the general election for the First\nCongressional District of Virginia, including how he solicited PAC funds, participated in\ncandidate-on-candidate debates, and the role of abortion in determining the final vote outcome.\nWilliamsburg Documentary Project student Caleb Fulford conducted the interview on April 2, 2024, at\n9:00 am with an Amcrest USB Microphone. Fulford and indexer Seth Novak reference the class\nassignment involving the interview in AMST 410: Williamsburg Documentary Project, taught by\nProfessor Michelle Lelièvre.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview was conducted by Natalie Lopez and was indexed by Abigail Swanberg. This interview was transcribed by Natalie Lopez. It took place on April 17, 2024 in Swem Room 168. Cecilia Weaver discusses her internship experience at Colonial National Historical Park, her other internships and jobs, and her time at William \u0026amp; Mary. Topics of this interview include interning, archaeology, Geographic Information System (GIS), public history, museum work, and interpretation.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn this interview, Sam Beavin discusses the culture of music in Williamsburg and how people participate in it. He begins with his background of growing up in Parkland, Florida, and what music is common to that area. He then speaks about his involvement in a student band, Halcyon Lane, and their interactions with other bands on campus. He mentions his influences and genre tastes, and how those compare to the music he plays for Halcyon Lane. He then goes on to describe the locations he has played at, such as the Meridian, the Amphitheater, Sadler Center, Merchants' Square, and on a float during the 2023 Homecoming Parade. He elaborates on the people who listen to him play and how they identify, specifically whether there are students or otherwise. Sam concludes that he is more connected to the William and Mary music community, though enjoys those connections and is content with them. The interview was conducted by undergraduate student Seth Novak on April 7th, 2024, using Zoom H8 Digital Recorders in Earl Gregg Swem Library for the American Studies department Williamsburg Documentary Project.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMaureen Anderson was interviewed was by Abigail Swanberg. The interview was indexed by Joey Houska and Anika Ahammad. The entire interview was transcribed. The interview took place on the afternoon of 4/12/2024 in person at 3312 N Riverside Drive Lanexa 23089. The interview contains topics including family, stating a business, creating and running a farmer's market, self-sufficiency, farming, living in a historic house, and COVID-19.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview was conducted by Abigail Swanberg and indexed by Caleb Fulford and Gabe Dorsey. The interview occurred on April 26th, 2024, at 1:00 pm in Swem Library Room 118. This interview was conducted as part of the Williamsburg Documentary Project. Joey Houska is a senior at the College of William \u0026amp; Mary. They started and currently lead the Toano Walking Tour Project. This interview contains topics including revitalization efforts, community, William \u0026amp; Mary, walking arts, leadership, Ohio, and advocacy work.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn this interview, Abigail Swanberg discusses a condensed \"life history\", beginning with her life and family in Appomattox, Virginia, and continuing on to other topics such as her interest in football and participation in the marching band. She describes her high school experience under Covid-19 and how it differed from her introduction to college. Finally, she ponders her life goals and ultimate aspirations. The interview was conducted by undergraduate student Seth Novak on January 28th, 2024 using the Zoom video conferencing platform. This interview was completed for an assignment in AMST 410: Williamsburg Documentary Project, taught by Professor Michelle Lelièvre.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn this interview, Caleb Fulford discusses his upbringing and how his parents' relative youth and complex relationship impacted him as a child, as well as his relationship with his younger sisters. He also discusses the impact of his friendship with his current roommate Georgia, who he has been friends with since middle school. He describes how his learning difficulties in school encouraged him to join the debate team and, later, pursue a legal career. He also speaks about how his family's religious differences impacted his ideas about politics. The interview was conducted by undergraduate student Natalie Lopez on January 30, 2024 using the Zoom video conferencing platform. This interview was completed for an assignment in AMST 410: Williamsburg Documentary Project, taught by Professor Michelle Lelièvre.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn this interview, Deja Williams discusses her upbringing and college experience. She describes where she is from, schools attended, the decision to come to William \u0026amp; Mary, and college extracurriculars, including improv comedy and the desire to play an intramural sport.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn this interview, Emma Blackwood discusses her upbringing in Richmond, VA and her experiences through private school preparing her for college. She describes how quarantine impacted her family, as well as her transition to William and Mary. Soon to be graduating, Emma Blackwood outlines her post-college plans for law school, especially in environmental justice advocacy. The interview was conducted by undergraduate student Anika Ahammad on January 29, 2024 using the Zoom video conferencing platform. The interview was completed for an assignment in AMST 410: Williamsburg Documentary Project, taught by Professor Michelle Lelièvre.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn the following interview, Gabe Dorsey discusses his early childhood and how his parents instilled an unwavering dedication to work, discipline, and spirituality. Gabe recalls deriving his name from the biblical archangel Gabriel, who declared to the Virgin Mary that she had been selected to bear the Son of God and served as a touchstone throughout his upbringing. He describes attending church every Sunday with his immediate family—his mother, father, two older brothers, and grandparents—and values the faith he observed between his parents as a marital unit. Gabe also reflects on how family, early education, and recreational athletics led him to pursue and compete in collegiate basketball at the College of William \u0026amp; Mary. He credits his father, a former college basketball player, with inspiring him and emphasizing the academic benefits of such a sport. I completed the interview for an assignment in the Williamsburg Documentary Project, taught by Professor Michelle Lelièvre.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview was conducted by Gabe Dorsey and was indexed by Caleb Fulford. The entire interview was transcribed. The interview took place on the evening of 1/30/2024 over Zoom. Ms. Lopez gives a brief background on her hometown, upbringing, family life, and her ambitions as a motivated William and Mary student. She gives insight regarding her experiences being a kid from the west coast studying on the east coast, a young girl growing up in a Mexican household and a young woman discovering more and more about herself as she travels and grows through life. \"In the words of Walt Whitman, 'we all contain multitudes'\".\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn this interview, Seth Novak discusses his experiences moving around Arlington, Virginia. He also talks about his family and the pets that his family has owned over the years, mostly cats. He talks about his experience volunteering at the Heritage Humane Society. Seth Novak also mentioned how he ended up at William \u0026amp; Mary, his current thoughts on being a senior who is graduating early, and his post-graduation plans.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn this interview, Laura Gonzalez Castro discusses her personal and professional life, their interaction, and what her work means to her. She describes her youth in Havana, Cuba, and how her experiences were similar and different from other citizens. She also discusses her immigration to the United States and the efforts that went into finding work here, bringing her family members, and how she ended up in Virginia. Gonzalez Castro then goes on to talk about her professional life in the Center for Child and Family Services, and how terminology can have a large impact on the clients she takes in, especially those considered \"undocumented\". Interest is also paid to her education in Cuba, as well as personal life, such as travels across Europe and domestically. The interview was conducted by undergraduate students Abby Mendez and Seth Novak on March 5th, 2024, using DGI microphones.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis Williamsburg Documentary Project guest interview was conducted in the dining area in the basement of First Baptist Church in Williamsburg, Virginia. Molly Robinson conducted the interview and Michelle Lelièvre indexed. Students enrolled in the WDP also attended and interacted with Mrs. Montgomery during the interview. Prior to sitting down with us, Mrs. Montgomery gave the class a tour of the historic First Baptist Church. This enriching tour took up much of our class period, so Mrs. Montgomery scheduled a follow-up oral history that took place on April 4, 2024. In this first interview, she discusses growing up in Winter Park, Florida, attending Hungerford High School in Eatonville, FL, traveling and performing with musician Bill Doggett, raising her daughter during her career as a musician, getting married and moving to Williamsburg, starting credit unions in the town, and entering various leadership positions, including Chairperson of the History Ministry at First Baptist Church. The recording is punctuated with sounds of a phone ringing (@ 7:20 and 9:18). Mrs. Montgomery can also be heard speaking to other members of First Baptist who were in the church during the interview (@ 19:27, 36:19, and 49:10). Around 49:00, several students had to excuse themselves to attend another class.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis oral history was a follow-up to the oral history interview conducted with Mrs. Liz Montgomery by the Williamsburg Documentary Project on February 22, 2024. Both interviews were conducted by Molly Robinson, with questions developed by Molly Robinson and Michelle Lelièvre. Given the expansive nature of Mrs. Montgomery's first interview, the WDP invited her to conduct a second interview where we could explore in greater depth some of the many fascinating topics she introduced, including her experience as a jazz vocalist touring with Bill Doggett in the 1960's, her work to establish credit unions at Colonial Williamsburg and Busch Gardens, her work as a mother raising children in Williamsburg, and her leadership at the First Baptist Church. Mrs. Montgomery was very generous with her responses and shared details of her life that she had not previously disclosed publicly. She ended her interview by singing (unrehearsed!) a few bars from \"Sometimes I Feel Like a Motherless Child.\" The Williamsburg Documentary Project was honored to welcome Mrs. Montgomery and receive the gift of her stories.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn the following oral history, Meredith Poole, a Staff Archaeologist with the Colonial Williamsburg Foundation, discusses how discovering a fossil in her backyard at an early age sparked her passion for archaeology. She also cites numerous educators, from her elementary school teacher to a professor with whom Poole traveled to Belize for a semester abroad, as inspiratory figures in the initial development of her almost 39-year career. Poole explains how working on the 1985 excavation of the Shields Tavern site while completing her Master's Thesis for her MA in Anthropology from William \u0026amp; Mary helped to both ground her roots in the Williamsburg community and provide her with invaluable on-the-ground skills, such as appreciating the value of minute details and archeological storytelling, that would become central in her later work. She discusses her contributions to the 2022 excavation of the First Baptist Church Cite as among her proudest projects, describing the uncovering of such a personal history for the descendant community as a fulfilling process that exemplifies the value of archaeology. Poole also explains how she balanced her dual interests in fieldwork and obligations as a public-facing archaeologist with the Colonial Williamsburg Foundation, recalling as paramount her skills in creative writing and community development. She advises future archaeologists to focus on a specialized field of research that interests them and communicate the relevant knowledge in ways that the general public can understand and appreciate. Williamsburg Documentary Project students Caleb Fulford and Abigail Swanberg conducted the interview on February 20, 2024, at 2:00 pm with a Zoom H4N and DGI microphones provided by graduate student Molly Robinson. Fulford, Swanberg, and indexer Natalie Lopez reference the class assignment involving the interview in AMST 410: Williamsburg Documentary Project, taught by Professor Michelle Lelièvre.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview was conducted by Natalie Corsello and Emma Blackwood and was indexed by Anika Ahammad. The entire interview was transcribed. The interview took place on the afternoon of 2/13/2024 in person at Boswell Hall Room# 40 on 100 Ukrop Way, Williamsburg, VA. Tijuana Reeve discussed her journey to William \u0026amp; Mary, her advocacy in the Cape Henry Project, and also her personal experiences with pregnancy, stillbirth, and motherhood.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn this interview, Diane Langhorst discusses her experience of belonging and community as a student at the College of William and Mary in the class of 1968, detailing her life in chapters. She discusses the impact of being the middle child and the oldest daughter growing up in the church and transitioning to becoming a student. Further, she recalls the cultural changes of living in Williamsburg, as her parents didn't visit and there were no black students on campus,\nstating that the campus was isolated and segregated. She recounts how her religion fostered community, enabling a closer connection between her and her friends. She discusses how William and Mary felt insulated, how she felt little connection to the community outside of campus, and comments on the lack of news and political discussion. Diane cites the liberal arts education at the college as the inspiration for her study of sociology and subsequent career in social work. This interview was conducted by undergraduate students Caroline Cromwell and Leah Schrum and was indexed by Sarah Kinlaw. The interview took place in the Samuel E. Jones building on the William and Mary campus on the afternoon of 3/6/2025. This interview was conducted for research purposes by the Williamsburg Documentary Project, taught by\nMolly Robinson and Tijuana Reeve.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis description is taken from the headnote for the oral history. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn this interview, Zach Meredith discusses how his experience as a student at William and Mary shaped his understanding of community and belonging. He discusses how he was drawn to W\u0026amp;M for its intellectual community, and subsequently found his community through the American Studies department and the Williamsburg Documentary Project course. Further, Zach details how the WDP exposed him to new ways of approaching history through archive work and understanding of his positionality. He recounts how his research on the Triangle Block during the WDP developed into his senior thesis project, \"Urban Renewal in the Colonial Capital: Contextualizing the Williamsburg Redevelopment \u0026amp; Housing Authority\"(2019). Now teaching at the same high school in Durham, North Carolina that he attended as a student, Zach\nhopes to develop a Durham History elective, incorporating aspects from the WDP. This interview was conducted by undergraduate students Sarah Kinlaw and Leah Schrum and was indexed by Caroline Cromwell. The interview took place in the Samuel E. Jones building on the William and Mary campus and on Zoom on the afternoon of 3/4/2025. This interview was conducted for research purposes by the Williamsburg Documentary Project, taught by Molly Robinson and Tijuana Reeve.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection is composed of material collected and created by the Williamsburg Documentary Project. The Williamsburg Documentary Project conducts oral history interviews and builds physical and digital archives, as well as other activities, through which it interprets the past of Williamsburg, Virginia.","The collection includes publications, news clippings, interviews, and planning documents about Merchant's Square, New Town, food, immigration, as well as events related to Williamsburg history. Events documented in this collection include the removal of a cross from the chapel in the William \u0026 Mary Wren Building at the direction of College President Gene R. Nichol. ","This sub-series contains oral history interviews from 1995-2012. Interviewees consist primarily of William \u0026 Mary students, William \u0026 Mary Faculty, and Williamsburg and James City County residents. Interviews have related oral history materials in the William \u0026 Mary digital archive. The suberies is arranged in alphabetical order by last name of interviewee.","File contains deed of gift, detailed, time-stamped summary of interview, and written summary of oral history interview conducted by Graham DeZarn. Mr. Abbott speaks about his family history, the work his architectural firm does, and the importance of understanding the history of the area. He speaks about the progect at Polegreen Church in Hanover County, VA and the preservation of historic and agricultural land.","This sub- series contains oral history deeds, transcripts and notes from 1995-2012.","Final papers for student projects consist of a variety of subjects on the community life and culture within Williamsburg and surrounding environs. Some of these topics have related oral history and digital materials in the William \u0026 Mary digital archive. This series contains student project map diaries from 2008-2012. Students track their locations and movements for a 24 hour period to construct a map diary of their day. There is no prescribed format for the map diary. The bulk of the series is arranged by project title.","Please note that select student papers are restricted from viewing due to privacy. Please consult with a staff member for assistance. ","This series contains research materials on the following subjects: : Old Town/New Town, Food and Poverty in Williamsburg and Wren Cross controversy, Battle of Williamsburg Commemoration, J1 Work Visas, Retirement in Williamsburg and Development of Quarterpath Road. There are also oral history materials from the Grass Roots Theater (1998-1999). Old Town/New Town: Merchants Square material, Merchants Square Real Estate Operations, The NewTowner magazines, Next Door Neighbor magazine, and newspaper clippings for 2007. Food and Poverty in Williamsburg: USDA Brochures (2007), Statistics, Information, Advertisements (2010), SHIP (2010), Food Bank Study (2004), Community Health Report (2005) Wren Cross controversy: Emails, Websites and notes used in compiling final report. Battle of Williamsburg Commemoration: Notes J1 Work Visas: Briefings, Regulations, Court Case, and notes used in compiling final report. All from 2010. Retirement in Williamsburg: Reports and Brochures, Journal Articles, Tourism directory, and newspaper clippings.","Williamsburg, Virginia, Traffic Lights, 35 x 21 cm, color Williamsburg, Virginia, Original City and Subsequent Annexation, 28 x 43cm, Color, ca 1984 Williamsburg, Virginia,, Williamsburg in the '20 and '30s, 21 x 28cm, Black \u0026 White James City County, 29.5 x 43cm, color, 2006 Williamsburg, Virginia, Comprehensive Plan, 42.5 x 54.5 cm, color, 2006 Williamsburg, Virginia, Zoning Districts, 1 of 3, 42.5 x 34 cm, color, February 13, 2003 Williamsburg, Virginia, Architectual Review Distircts, 42.5 x 34 cm, 2 of 3, color, March 9, 2006 Williamsburg, Virginia, Zoning Districts, 3 of 3, 42.5 x 34 cm, color, February 13, 2003 Williamsburg, Virginia, Zoning Map, 91 x 58 cm, black \u0026 white, July 1, 1966, 2 copies Williamsburg, Virginia, Zoning Map, 91 x 58 cm, black \u0026 white, August,1972, Res'C', March 26, 1981 Williamsburg, Virginia, Zoning Map, 91 x 58 cm, black \u0026 white, August,1972, ' March 23, 1987, 2 copies Williamsburg, Virginia, Zoning Map, 91 x 58 cm, black \u0026 white, August,1972, January 1, 1975, 2 copies Williamsburg, Virginia, Zoning Map, 91 x 58 cm, black \u0026 white, July 1964 Williamsburg, Virginia, Real Property Grid Index, 91 x 58 cm, color, July 13, 2004","Al Albert is the a former soccer coach at William and Mary and is credited with founding the Tidewater Soccer camp. He speaks about his background and the founding of the camp. Folder contains a summary and index of the interview.","Douglas Austin speaks about his time growing up in the Williamsburg James City County School System and his time at Bruton Heights, previously and African American only school. Folder contains and index and transcript of the interview.","Dr. Bernacki is a general practitioner who has been practicing in Williamsburg since the 1980s. Dr. Bernacki speaks about his past as a medical student at Georgetown, his time as a physician in the Air Force, the growth he has seen in the Williamsburg medical community, and his belief in the Affordable Care Act (ACA). Folder contains a summary and index of the interview.","Dr. Brown speaks about the past medical community of Williamsburg and his disagreement with the Affordable Care Act (ACA). Folder contains a summary and index of the interview.","Lauren Brown speaks about growing up in Williamsburg and the tourism industry. Folder contains an index of the interview.","Sarah Cate-Pizarro is a student at William and Mary and speaks about her life in Richmond, VA, he plans for the future, her travels, and her family. Folder contains an index and transcript of the interview.","Linda Chemlow has been in Williamsburg since 1989 and speaks about her work in the medical field including her personal and professional attitudes towards the Affordable Care Act (ACA). Folder contains a summary and index of the interview.","John Daly is the Head Women's Soccer Coach at William and Mary College. He speaks about how he got involved in soccer and his work at the Tidewater Soccer Camp as a coach. The file contains a transcript of the interview.","Mrs. Elston is the president of the Williamsburg chapter of the William and Mary Alumni Association. She speaks about the association, changes in Williamsburg since she was a student, her and her family's involvement in the community, and her relationship with the US Navy. The folder contains a summary and index of the interview.","Mr. Hamant is the former director of Evening and Special Programs at Colonial Williamsburg. He spoke about how he came to Williamsburg, his time as a Senior Archeologist for Colonial Williamsburg, and his development of popular ghost tours in Colonial Williamsburg. The folder contains a transcript of the interview.","Jane Hanson is the supervisor of the Governor's Musick Ensemble. She gives a comprehensive history of early music performance, the benefits and drawbacks of a resident ensemble, and the difficulties the ensemble face. The folder contains a summary of the interview.","Mayor Clyde Haulmand describes his previous involvement on the Board for the local chapter of Big Brothers Big Sisters. He also discusses how the city of Williamsburg addresses the problem of at-risk and disadvantaged youth. The folder contains a summary and index of the interview.","Sister Rose Morris is a teacher at Walsingham Academy, a Catholic school in Williamsburg. Mary Johnston was a student and teacher at Walsingham and at the time of the interview works as the vice principal of the lower school. Sister Rose speaks of the school's history and its religious diversity. Mary speaks about being a non-Catholic student and teacher at the school. Both speak about the schools relationship to the community. The folder contains an index and transcript of the inteview.","Mrs. Jowett is the Career and Technical Education Curriculum leader at Jamestown High. Mrs. Jowett speaks about her experiences with the supernatural at the high school as well as encounters at her home in Yorktown. The folder contains a summary and index of the interview.","Ms. King is the CEO at the Greater Virginia Peninsula branch of Big Brothers Big Sisters. Ms. King discusses the function and organization of this chapter as well as its fundraisers and events. This folder contains an index and transcript of the interview.","Judy Knudson is the executive director of Olde Towne Medical Center. She speaks about the growing number of retirees in the community, the growth of the medical field in Williamsburg, and the benefits of the Affordable Care Act (ACA). The folder contains a summary, index, and transcript of the interview.","Jake Lewitz is an senior at William and Mary College. He discusses his hometown of Marin, California and what it was like growing up there. He also discussed his busy schedule and many school activities. Jake Lewitz is interested in the Public Health sector. This folder contains an index and transcript of the interview.","Professor Marshall teaches at William and Mary and was member of the Governor's Musick ensemble. Prof. Marshall speaks of the benefits of playing in a small resident ensemble as well as the lack of support by the Colonial Williamsburg Foundation. The folder contains a summary and index of the interview.","Kalynn McLane is a student at William and Mary American Studies program. She speaks about her family, her love of William and Mary, her academics, and her summer study abroad in Cape Town. The folder contains an index and transcript of the interview.","Mr. Moss's speaks of his musical life prior to beginning to play withthe Governor's Musick ensemble, his musical travel, and teaching life. He also give a history of the music that would have been played in the colonial era in Williamsburg. In a follow up interview Mr. Moss discusses the role that the Governor's Musick has played within the living museum and the nature of their engagements while he has been a member. Mr. Moss also discussed the changing attitudes towards music in society todya and his uncertainty about the groups future. The folder contains summaries and indexes for both interviews.","Hannah Ostroff is a student at William and Mary. She speaks about her childhood and her decision to attend William and Mary as well as her time at the school. Ostroff speaks about her experiences with the William and Mary Choir and Sinfonicron. The folder contains an index and transcript of the interview.","Lance Pedigo speaks about his love of music growing up and how he now runs the Fife and Drum Corps in Williamsburg. The folder contains indices of the interview.","Mrs. Pedigo works in the Williamsburg-James City County public school system. She speaks about her time working at Matthew Whaley Elementary School and working in the media center at Rawls Byrd Elementary School. She discusses the changes to the city and the school system since she began working in Williamsburg in 1959. The folder contains a summary and index of the interview.","Mr. and Mrs. Perkins are both graduates of William and Mary and speak about their time as active participants in Greek life on campus. They discuss the changes to Williamsburg and William and Mary since their graduation as well as their current church life and as members of the Olde Guarde Council. The folder contains an index and transcript of the interview.","Mr. Carnifax is the Director of Parks and Recreation for James City County and Mr. Powell is the Assistant City Manager. They speak about athletics and local field use. They also speak about the Warhill Sports Complex, what it provides the community, and how youth athletics can economically benefit the community. This folder contains a summary of the interview.","Rachel Quinones is a student at William and Mary. She speaks about her childhood, religion, music, and her impending graduation. The folder contains an index and transcript of the interview.","Mr. Riley speaks about the Kimball theater and film in Williamsburg. The folder contains indices of the interview.","Mr. Scrofani speaks about the Williamsburg Indoor Sports Complex, how it was created and funded, and the impact the WISC has on the community. The folder contains a summary of the interview.","Willie Shaw is a student at William and Mary. He speaks about his childhood, his family, his passion for athletics, and his relationship with music. He also speaks about how he came to William and Mary and his plans for the future. The folder contains an index and transcript of the interview.","Lauren Stephenson is a student at William and Mary. She speaks about her childhood, growing up in suburban Chicago, her Jewish community, and her TV journalist experience. She also speaks about her experiences at William and Mary. The folder contains a transcript of the interview.","Lisa Thomas has been a Big Sister through the local chapter of Big Brothers Big Sisters since 1985. She discusses her role and responsiblities of a Big Sister and her personal experiences with her Little Sisters. In the follow up interview Lisa Thomas speaks about her experience at Eastern State Hospital, how her work for Child Development Resources (CDR) fits into the Williamsburg community assisting disabled children, at-risk children, and those that come from non-English speaking families, and how changing legislation and federal grant money alters the CDR's focus. The folder contains summaries and indices of the interviews.","Jacqueline Vasquez is a student at William and Mary. She discusses her childhood in Texas and her relationships with her family. She speaks about her middle and high school experiences such as participation in student government and sports. She also speaks about her decision to come to William and Mary and her involvement in Phi Beta Phi Sorority, the Club Lacross team, and her volunteer work at the Democratic National Convention in 2012. This folder contains a transcript of the interview.","Mr. Watson is the longest-working musician of the Governor's Musick Ensemble. He speaks about the historical musical performace practices and institutional knowledge. He discusses the transition in Colonial Williamsburg to historically accurate music practices, his own history with early music and the role of the Governor's Musick at the institution. The folder contains an index and transcript of the interview.","The four narrators are all William and Mary Alumni who reside in the Williamsburg Landing Retirement Community. The residents share stories from their time at William and Mary, speak about their love of the College, what has changed since they were students, why they decided to move to Williamsburg, why they remain involved in the College community, and why they think alumni retire to Williamsburg and other college towns. The folder contains a summary of the conversation as well as short biographies of the four narrators.","Lynn Wolfe works in administration at Child Development and speaks about the fundraising efforts of CDR as well as CDR's connection with insurance companies, public schools, and the community in general. She also speaks about her time at William and Mary and her reasons for living in Williamsburg. The folder contains a summary and index of the interview.","Timothy Wolfe work in the College of William and Mary Admissions Office. He previously worked at Walsingham Academy for two years in the early 2000s as their Director of College Counseling. He speaks about enjoying his time at Walsingham, his experiences as a non-Catholic staff member, and the perception of Walsingham in the community. The folder contains a summary and index of the interview.","Kris Yeager is a student at William and Mary. He speaks about his childhood and family as well as his gymnastics career as part of the Varsity gymnastics team at William and Mary. He discusses his struggles with gymnastics due to medical issues and his future as part of Teach for America in Las Vegas. The folder contains and index and transcript of the interview.","Folder contains brief biographies of the students taking part in the Williamsburg Documentary Project (WDP) in 2013.","WDP student Sarah Cate-Pizarro's final project on ghost lore and ghost tours in Williamsburg. The folder contains copy and description of a survey map of Williamsburg, several advertisements for various ghost tours, and a research paper.","The folder contains a research paper on responses to the Affordable Care Act (ACA) in Williamsburg and excerpts from the Virginia Gazette on national health care reform.","Folder contains a research paper on Big Brothers Big Sisters of Williamsburg.","The folder contains various articles, studies, and webpages about Big Brothers Big Sisters printed out as well as various documents from the organization.","The folder contains various program guides for Colonial Williamsburg, an article by Rohald Broude about music in Colonial Williamsburg in Early Music America, and a research paper about the Governor's Musick in Colonial Williamsburg.","The folder contains a research paper about Walsingham Academy.","The folder contains a research paper about youth athletics in Williamsburg","The folder contains a research paper about William and Mary alumni retiring in Williamsburg.","Folder contains a research paper on the evolution of the Williamsburg-James City County School System.","The folder contains a research paper about Child Developent Resources (CDR) in Williamsburg.","The folder contains a written description of student Rachel Quinones's map diary project which details a map of her day.","Folder contains several maps and a reflective essay.","Folder contains maps and relfective essay.","Folder contains maps and a reflective essay.","Folder contains maps and a reflective essay.","Folder contains a map and a reflective essay.","Folder contains maps and a reflective essay.","Folder contains maps and a reflective essay.","Folder contains maps and a reflective essay.","Folder contains a variety of research papers on various topics in Williamsburg such as the LGBTQ community, downtown Williamsburg, the WCWM-FM which is William and Mary's radio station, alternative education, agriculture, local food, the Catholic community, Gene Nichol who is the 26th president of the College of William and Mary, racism inx the mid-20th century, and Meridian Coffeehouse.","The folder contains maps and reflective essays.","Folder contains a research paper on the Temple Beth El and Jewish community of Williamsburg.","The folder contains a research report on Williamsburg 2009 3-person rule zoning ordinance.","The folder contains a research paper on the Kingsmill gated community and overall perceptions of gated communities in Williamsburg.","Folder contains a research on the Magruder community which was displaced when Camp Peary was established. Additionally, the folder contains copies of relevant photographs and reports.","Mr. Boelt's family has a long history in Williamsburg and as a history buff he has a great deal of knowledge of the Williamsburg area, especially surrounding William and Mary. He speaks about how Williamsburg has changed, specifically in relation to the three person zoning rule and the transition of his childhood home on Richmond Ave. becoming a rental. The folder contains an index and transcript of the interview.","Chris Connolly serves on the City Planning Commission fot the city government and the branch that enforces the three-person rule. The folder contains a summary and index of the interview.","Mrs. Fleck speaks about her history as a military wife before coming to Williamsburg and running the Applewood Bed and Breakfast. She also discussed being a newcomer to the hospitality industry, the relationship between the Bed and Breakfast Network and the local government, and the importance of an internet prescence and marketing. The folder contains a summary, index, and transcrip of the interview.","Mr. Goddin is a vocal opponent of the three-person zoning rule and advocated for an expansion to four people. He speaks about the tension at the time (late 2000s), his arrival in Williamsburg, his neighborhood through the years, his thoughts on current compromises to the rule, his position as a homeowner, and his perspectives on how to move forward balancing student and resident concerns. The folder contains a summary and index of the interview.","Bruce Larson is a civilian working for the Department of Defense (Navy) as the Senior Archaeologist and Cultural Resources Branch Head for Naval Facilities Engineering Command (NAVFAC). Mr. Larson speaks about his education, career, the value of interdisciplinary methodology when working with cultural resources, and the 1966 National Historic Preservation Act. The folder contains an index and transcript of the interview as well as a copy of Mr. Larson's curriculum vitae.","Mr. McGurk is a media correspondent for Kingsmill United. He speaks on how he came to Williamsburg, his experience as a Kingsmill resident, and the history of Kingsmill. The folder contains an index and transcript of the interview.","Tyler Morris currently lives at Fred Boelt's childhood home and sheds some light on how the property is used today and what the surrounding neighborhood is like. Tyler discusses her experience with the property, the neighborhood, the three-person rule, and Williamsburg in general. The folder contains a summary and index of the interview.","Amanda Morrow currently lives at CityGreen Apartments on Richmond Rd. and currently violates the three-person rule. She discusses her previous housing in Williamsburg, her reasons for moving off-campus, her current living situation, and the three-person rule more broadly. The folder contains an index and transcript of the interview.","Samuel Powell is a retired judge who discusess his work witht he Powhatan statue outside the courthouse and the Atlantic community concept that should be completed with two additional statues in the newr future. He speaks of the history of James City County courthouses as well as his involvement with Anheuser-Busch when he worked in private practice as a lawyer in Williamsburg, VA. The folder contains an index and transcript of the interview.","Caroline Raschbaum speaks about her experiences being born and growing up in a household with two opposing religions, finding a passion for Judaism at a young age, Judaism in Williamsburg, the concept of diaspora, and safe spaces for Jews in Williamsburg. The folder contains an index and transcript for the interview.","Folder contains maps and written reports.","The folder contains a research paper on hispanic communities in Williamsburg as well as an adult student registration form and a document from William and Mary written in Spanish.","The folder contains a research paper on the exstence of homelessness in relation to Williamsburg, Virginia's tourist economy.","The folder contains a research paper on protesters in Williamsburg as well as an NAACP brochure, copies of posters for Black Lives Matter, a message on a task force on Preventing Sexual Assult and Harrassment, a program for the Lemon Project Spring Symposium titled \"Ghosts of Slavery: The Afterlives of Racial Bondage\", and a CD.","The folder contains a research paper on bicycling in Williamsburg, a series of printed emails on bicycling in Williamsburg, a pamphlet for the ride cycling club at the YMCA, a series of printed letters requesting interviews, The Williamsburg, James City, and York regional bicycle facilities plan from 1997, printed slides from March 26, 2015 WATA Transit Riders Advisory Committee, amap of James City County, a pamphlet for BikeBeat, the Flying Wheel newsletter from April 2015, several more pamphlets on where to ride bikes in the area, and a syllabus for a class on bicycling basics from William and Mary.","The folder contains a research paper on public housing in Williamsburg, a copy of an application for admission to the public housing system, and a copy of a residential lease agreement that all tenants of the WRHA musst sign.","The folder contains a research paper on the influence of bus drivers on their students.","The folder contains a research paper on food security in Grove, Virginia.","Mr. Briggs speaks about growing up in Williamsburg, his medical diagnosis that left him unable to work, and his residence in public housing, specifically the Katherine Circle Apartments. The folder contains a summary and index of the interview.","Ms. Burton works for the Williamsburg Redevelopment and Housing Authority (WRHA) and speaks on the mission of the WRHA, the process of applying to public housing with the WRHA, how the lease works, and her feelings on the structure of the public housing system. The folder contains an index and transcript of the interview.","Lamar Gray is a 21-year old man who grew up and currently resides in Grove. He speaks on how he ate when he was a wrestler, how he eats now, how he eats healthy, and how he thinks about food. The folder contains an index of the interview.","Ms. Heard speaks about her childhood in \"White City\", her various professions, her relationship with Colonial Williamsburg, and her experiences as a union organizer and protestor. The folder contains an index and transcript of the interview.","Terry Jones is a resident of a public housing complex managed by the Williamsburg Redevelopment and Housing Authority (WRHA). They speak about their life history and experiences with housing. The folder contains an index and transcript of the interview.","Dorcas Juarez discusses her life in Williamsburg at church, at work, and about the challenges and discrimination that comes from speaking little English. She also speaks about her family, the Latino community, and her journey from El Salvador to Williamsburg. The interview is primarily in Spanish. The folder contains a summary and index of the interview, both in English.","Fred Liggin is a pastor at the Williamsburg Christian Church and the founder and president of 3E Restoration which uses mutual relationships to equip and empower homeless individuals to transition to self-sufficiency in everyday life. Mr. Liggin speaks about poverty and homelessness in Williamsburg, his hope for creating systemic change, and his belief that college students can/ have a powerful voice in changing the conversation surrounding homelessness. The folder contains an index and transcript of the interview.","Grace Martien discusses riding the Williamsburg James City County school bus from when she began middle school in 2006  through her senior year of high school. She mainly speaks about her interactions and relationships with bus drivers and the social stratification evident on the bus itself. The folder contains an index and transcript of the summary.","Reed Nester is the director of City Planning and discusses how he has changed bicycling in Williamsburg over the last 20 years, his daily commute to and from work, and his involvement with planning out bicycle paths and lanes in Williamsburg. The folder contains a summary, index, and transcript of the interview.","Robert and Sharon own a bike shop called Red Barn Bikes in New Kent County. They discuss their time biking in Williamsburg, their beilief that James City County is not working with bicyclists, their belief that Capital Trail is essential to growing the biking community, and the reasons they opened up their bicycle shop. The folder contains a summary and index of the interview.","Sam Smith speaks about Williamsburg's Office of Real Estate Assessment, the city's property values, and how those values are assigned. The folder contains an index and transcript of the interview.","Brenda Tejada discusses her life in Williamsburg at work, with systems like social services, and the overall difficulties she faces from being Latino. She talks about her family the Latino community, and her journey from El Salvador to Williamsburg. The interview is in both English and Spanish. The folder contains an index (in English) and a transcript (in a mix of English and Spanish) of the interview.","Rich Thompson discusses his time bicycling in Williamsburg, his involvement with cyclists at the College of William and Mary. He also speaks about his personal reasons for commuting to and from work via bicycle each day. The folder contains a summary and index of the interview.","Mary Turnbull is a bicyclist in Williamsburg and a founding member of the Williamsburg Area Bicyclists. Miss. Turnbull speaks about her experiences commuting between her home in York County and her job as a librarian at Lafayette High School and the importance of bike safety. The folder contains a summary and index of the interview.","Mrs. Little is a historian and daughter of Reverend Archibald F. Ward, Jr. who advocated on behalf of the displaced citizens of Magruder.","Corinne Garland spoke about her work at Williamsburg Preschool for Special Children, her experiences at Child Development Resources, and educational legislation concerning children with disabilities in public schools. This folder contains an index and transcript of the interview.","This interview was conducted by Andrew Cotman and was indexed by Marriya Schwarz with audio management by Nicholas DeAtley. The interview was later transcribed by Nicholas DeAtley, Marriya Schwarz, and Andrew Cotman. The interview took place during the afternoon of 3/15/18 in the third floor 311 classroom of the College of William and Mary American Studies building, located on 114 North Boundary Street Apt Williamsburg, VA 23185, using a Zoom H-1 Handy Voice Recorder. Overall the quality of the interview is very clear, however the volume of the interview was a little low. There was a little interference due to an AC unit turning on and off which may have obstructed slightly the clearness and volume of Ms. Bell's voice. Also, there was an interference early on in the interview because Ms. Bell's microphone detached from her jacket. During the interview, Barbara Bell discussed her experiences in various school systems, like Richmond Public Schools, Fairfax County Public Schools, Department of Defense Schools, and the Medina City School District, during her 35 years of teaching. She reflected on her experiences teaching students with varying socioeconomic statuses. Throughout the interview, she made references to the power of having diversity throughout the classroom, and the joy that she has gained from teaching. Towards the end of the interview, she discussed her work with homeless student populations and a program that she created, called Diversity-In-Actions that promotes knowledge of African-American culture. For clarity, the transcribers have eliminated ever \"um\" and \"uh\" from the transcription.","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team.","This interview was conducted by Andrew Cotman and was indexed by Marriya Schwarz with audio management by Nicholas DeAtley. The interview was later transcribed by Nicholas DeAtley, Marriya Schwarz, and Andrew Cotman. The interview took place during the afternoon of 3/15/18 in the third floor 311 classroom of the College of William and Mary American Studies building, located on 114 North Boundary Street Apt Williamsburg, VA 23185, using a Zoom H-1 Handy Voice Recorder. Overall the quality of the interview is very clear, however the volume of the interview was a little low. There was a little interference due to an AC unit turning on and off which may have obstructed slightly the clearness and volume of Ms. Bell's voice. Also, there was an interference early on in the interview because Ms. Bell's microphone detached from her jacket. During the interview, Barbara Bell discussed her experiences in various school systems, like Richmond Public Schools, Fairfax County Public Schools, Department of Defense Schools, and the Medina City School District, during her 35 years of teaching. She reflected on her experiences teaching students with varying socioeconomic statuses. Throughout the interview, she made references to the power of having diversity throughout the classroom, and the joy that she has gained from teaching. Towards the end of the interview, she discussed her work with homeless student populations and a program that she created, called Diversity-In-Actions that promotes knowledge of African-American culture. For clarity, the transcribers have eliminated ever \"um\" and \"uh\" from the transcription.","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team.","We interviewed Dr. Byrd-Poller on Tuesday, February 20th, 2018 in the upstairs classroom in the\ncollege apartments. Besides two brief distractions (one from a man hoping to print some papers\nand the other when we needed to get Dr. Byrd-Poller some water), the interview continued\nuninterrupted. We began by discussing her own experience growing up in the Williamsburg-\nJames City County school system and her children's experiences and how practices have\nchanged over time. We then began discussion of her twisting career path that eventually led her\nto her current position as Director of Human Resources at Thomas Nelson Community College.\nOne topic that was particularly relevant throughout the interview was the issue of diversity in her\nown schooling experience, her children's, and today as she plays a large role in hiring\nprospective staff.","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","We interviewed Dr. Byrd-Poller on Tuesday, February 20th, 2018 in the upstairs classroom in the\ncollege apartments. Besides two brief distractions (one from a man hoping to print some papers\nand the other when we needed to get Dr. Byrd-Poller some water), the interview continued\nuninterrupted. We began by discussing her own experience growing up in the Williamsburg-\nJames City County school system and her children's experiences and how practices have\nchanged over time. We then began discussion of her twisting career path that eventually led her\nto her current position as Director of Human Resources at Thomas Nelson Community College.\nOne topic that was particularly relevant throughout the interview was the issue of diversity in her\nown schooling experience, her children's, and today as she plays a large role in hiring\nprospective staff.","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","This interview was conducted by Shainir Bearfield and was indexed by Nicholas DeAtley with\naudio management done as well by Nicholas DeAtley. Nicholas DeAtley and Shainir Bearfield\nlater transcribed the interview together. The interview took place at 3:30 p.m. of March 23rd of\n2018, at the Land Tech Resources Inc. building located on 3925 Midlands road located in\nWilliamsburg, Virginia 23188 using a Zoom H-1 Handy Voice Recorder. Overall the quality of\nthe interview is very clear and all audio equipment worked extremely well. Interviewed was Lisa\nOwnby who serves as the Vice Chair of the Williainsburg James City County School board. She\nis also appointed as head of the special education advisory committee within the school board\nsystem. During the interview Lisa Ownby discusses how her relationship with her brother\nunfortunately suffering from numerous disabilities impacted her life choices and career path.\nThroughout the interview she discusses her early volunteering with Special Olympics eventually\nleading to her eventual work at Child Development Resources funded by the U.S. Department of\nEducation. Lisa Ownby in this interview offers her point of view on several facets of the\nWilliainsburg James City County Public school system. First and foremost she offers her\nperspective on funding of special education on a local, state and national level. This interview\nwas an excellent way to see how those working within the school board view the production of\nthe special education system and of what issues are taking place in the system in regards to\nfunding. Throughout this interview for clarity, the transcribers have eliminated \"um\" and \"uh\"\nfrom the transcription.","The content of this note came from the headnote created by the interview team. ","This interview was conducted by Shainir Bearfield and was indexed by Nicholas DeAtley with\naudio management done as well by Nicholas DeAtley. Nicholas DeAtley and Shainir Bearfield\nlater transcribed the interview together. The interview took place at 3:30 p.m. of March 23rd of\n2018, at the Land Tech Resources Inc. building located on 3925 Midlands road located in\nWilliamsburg, Virginia 23188 using a Zoom H-1 Handy Voice Recorder. Overall the quality of\nthe interview is very clear and all audio equipment worked extremely well. Interviewed was Lisa\nOwnby who serves as the Vice Chair of the Williainsburg James City County School board. She\nis also appointed as head of the special education advisory committee within the school board\nsystem. During the interview Lisa Ownby discusses how her relationship with her brother\nunfortunately suffering from numerous disabilities impacted her life choices and career path.\nThroughout the interview she discusses her early volunteering with Special Olympics eventually\nleading to her eventual work at Child Development Resources funded by the U.S. Department of\nEducation. Lisa Ownby in this interview offers her point of view on several facets of the\nWilliainsburg James City County Public school system. First and foremost she offers her\nperspective on funding of special education on a local, state and national level. This interview\nwas an excellent way to see how those working within the school board view the production of\nthe special education system and of what issues are taking place in the system in regards to\nfunding. Throughout this interview for clarity, the transcribers have eliminated \"um\" and \"uh\"\nfrom the transcription.","The content of this note came from the headnote created by the interview team. ","This interview was conducted by Shainir Bearfield and was indexed by Nicholas DeAtley with\naudio management done as well by Nicholas DeAtley. Nicholas DeAtley and Shainir Bearfield\nlater transcribed the interview together. The interview took place at 3:30 p.m. of March 23rd of\n2018, at the Land Tech Resources Inc. building located on 3925 Midlands road located in\nWilliamsburg, Virginia 23188 using a Zoom H-1 Handy Voice Recorder. Overall the quality of\nthe interview is very clear and all audio equipment worked extremely well. Interviewed was Lisa\nOwnby who serves as the Vice Chair of the Williainsburg James City County School board. She\nis also appointed as head of the special education advisory committee within the school board\nsystem. During the interview Lisa Ownby discusses how her relationship with her brother\nunfortunately suffering from numerous disabilities impacted her life choices and career path.\nThroughout the interview she discusses her early volunteering with Special Olympics eventually\nleading to her eventual work at Child Development Resources funded by the U.S. Department of\nEducation. Lisa Ownby in this interview offers her point of view on several facets of the\nWilliainsburg James City County Public school system. First and foremost she offers her\nperspective on funding of special education on a local, state and national level. This interview\nwas an excellent way to see how those working within the school board view the production of\nthe special education system and of what issues are taking place in the system in regards to\nfunding. Throughout this interview for clarity, the transcribers have eliminated \"um\" and \"uh\"\nfrom the transcription.","The content of this note came from the headnote created by the interview team. ","I interviewed Jennifer Albarracin at the William and Mary Barnes and Noble on Saturday, April\n7. We were originally meeting to interview Elias Martinez, a father of English Language\nLearning students in WJCC schools. However, by some miscommunication, even though he\narrived at the bookstore, we were never able to find each other. I'm guessing it was an issue with\nparking. After waiting an hour, I interviewed Jennifer. We discussed her own experience\ngrowing up in Fairfax, Virginia with the label of\"ESL\" and how it drove her towards academic\nsuccess because she wanted to leave behind the term \"ESL\" as an identifier. We also touched on\nher parents' interactions with the school system and how her relationship with her parents was\nstrained by communication barriers. Today, Jennifer is a William and Mary student, minoring in\nLatin American studies in order to learn more about her own roots. The background noise is\nrelatively loud throughout the interview, but the recording is still understandable. Although she\ndoes state her name as Jennifer Albarracin Moya in the recording, most of the time she goes by\nsolely her first last name, Albarracin, and so I decided to refer to her as Jennifer Albarracin after\nconsulting her preferences.","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","I interviewed Jennifer Albarracin at the William and Mary Barnes and Noble on Saturday, April\n7. We were originally meeting to interview Elias Martinez, a father of English Language\nLearning students in WJCC schools. However, by some miscommunication, even though he\narrived at the bookstore, we were never able to find each other. I'm guessing it was an issue with\nparking. After waiting an hour, I interviewed Jennifer. We discussed her own experience\ngrowing up in Fairfax, Virginia with the label of\"ESL\" and how it drove her towards academic\nsuccess because she wanted to leave behind the term \"ESL\" as an identifier. We also touched on\nher parents' interactions with the school system and how her relationship with her parents was\nstrained by communication barriers. Today, Jennifer is a William and Mary student, minoring in\nLatin American studies in order to learn more about her own roots. The background noise is\nrelatively loud throughout the interview, but the recording is still understandable. Although she\ndoes state her name as Jennifer Albarracin Moya in the recording, most of the time she goes by\nsolely her first last name, Albarracin, and so I decided to refer to her as Jennifer Albarracin after\nconsulting her preferences.","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","I interviewed Dr. Barko-Alva on Wednesday, March 21 in Swem library in a group study lounge\non the first floor (this gives reference for the occasional muffled voices in the background).\nEarlier in the day weren't sure if the interview was going to happen because it was snowy, but\nwe did end up completing the interview. We discussed Dr. Barko-Alava's educational\nbackground, beginning with her high school experience in Peru to finishing high school in the\nU.S. and going on to succeed at the University of Florida. She began teaching English her junior\nyear of college and once she graduated, she worked in the local public-school system. Dr. Barko-Alva\nwent back to UF to earn her Master's and Ph.D, and finally found herself at William and\nMary. We also discussed her involvement in educational activist work in Virginia and her\nexperiences 'in the Williamsburg-James City County school system. There were a few sections of\nthe narrative that were removed at the request of the narrator for various reasons including a\nconfidential conversation Dr. Barko-Alva is not at liberty to reveal. However, none of the deleted\nsections were crucial to the narrative being recounted.","The content of this note comes from the headnote created by the interview team. ","I interviewed Dr. Barko-Alva on Wednesday, March 21 in Swem library in a group study lounge\non the first floor (this gives reference for the occasional muffled voices in the background).\nEarlier in the day weren't sure if the interview was going to happen because it was snowy, but\nwe did end up completing the interview. We discussed Dr. Barko-Alava's educational\nbackground, beginning with her high school experience in Peru to finishing high school in the\nU.S. and going on to succeed at the University of Florida. She began teaching English her junior\nyear of college and once she graduated, she worked in the local public-school system. Dr. Barko-Alva\nwent back to UF to earn her Master's and Ph.D, and finally found herself at William and\nMary. We also discussed her involvement in educational activist work in Virginia and her\nexperiences 'in the Williamsburg-James City County school system. There were a few sections of\nthe narrative that were removed at the request of the narrator for various reasons including a\nconfidential conversation Dr. Barko-Alva is not at liberty to reveal. However, none of the deleted\nsections were crucial to the narrative being recounted.","The content of this note comes from the headnote created by the interview team. ","I interviewed Ms. Laura Carver on Tuesday, March 20 at her office in Hornsby Middle School.\nUnfortunately, a small portion of the oral history was lost because the voice recorder's memory\ncard filled up, and I did not notice it until after she was done responding to my question.\nHowever, the unrecorded section could not have been much longer than two or three minutes.\nMs. Carver is an English as a Second Language teacher in the WJCC school system and has been\nsince 2015, so we began the interview with a brief overview of her day-to-day interactions with\nEnglish Language Leaners and their parents. We also discussed her educational background and\nher experience working as a missionary and how both impact her interpretation of her role as an\nESL teacher. We ended the interview discussing the challenges of ESL education, specifically in\nthe local area, faced by the ELL students, their teachers, their families and guardians, and WJCC\nschool system .and a few possible ways to better address those challenges in the future. There\nwere three separate sections that were removed at the request of the Ms. Carver and they are\nnoted in the transcript. Nothing crucial to the slory line of her narrative was lost by these\ndeletions.","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","I interviewed Ms. Laura Carver on Tuesday, March 20 at her office in Hornsby Middle School.\nUnfortunately, a small portion of the oral history was lost because the voice recorder's memory\ncard filled up, and I did not notice it until after she was done responding to my question.\nHowever, the unrecorded section could not have been much longer than two or three minutes.\nMs. Carver is an English as a Second Language teacher in the WJCC school system and has been\nsince 2015, so we began the interview with a brief overview of her day-to-day interactions with\nEnglish Language Leaners and their parents. We also discussed her educational background and\nher experience working as a missionary and how both impact her interpretation of her role as an\nESL teacher. We ended the interview discussing the challenges of ESL education, specifically in\nthe local area, faced by the ELL students, their teachers, their families and guardians, and WJCC\nschool system .and a few possible ways to better address those challenges in the future. There\nwere three separate sections that were removed at the request of the Ms. Carver and they are\nnoted in the transcript. Nothing crucial to the slory line of her narrative was lost by these\ndeletions.","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","I interviewed Ms. Laura Carver on Tuesday, March 20 at her office in Hornsby Middle School.\nUnfortunately, a small portion of the oral history was lost because the voice recorder's memory\ncard filled up, and I did not notice it until after she was done responding to my question.\nHowever, the unrecorded section could not have been much longer than two or three minutes.\nMs. Carver is an English as a Second Language teacher in the WJCC school system and has been\nsince 2015, so we began the interview with a brief overview of her day-to-day interactions with\nEnglish Language Leaners and their parents. We also discussed her educational background and\nher experience working as a missionary and how both impact her interpretation of her role as an\nESL teacher. We ended the interview discussing the challenges of ESL education, specifically in\nthe local area, faced by the ELL students, their teachers, their families and guardians, and WJCC\nschool system .and a few possible ways to better address those challenges in the future. There\nwere three separate sections that were removed at the request of the Ms. Carver and they are\nnoted in the transcript. Nothing crucial to the slory line of her narrative was lost by these\ndeletions.","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","I sent these questions sent to Dr. Patricia Tilghman by email, which explains the odd formatting\nof this document. Her responses follow each bolded question. Dr. Tilghman gave me an\noverview of the ESL program in WJCC schools as well as information about her own\nbackground in ESL education. She also discussed a few of the largest challenges WJCC schools\nface in engaging parents of ESL students. Informed consent was received through email. I have\nprinted that out, along with a Deed of Gift.","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","This interview was conducted and later indexed by Marriya Schwarz. The interview took place \nduring the evening of 4.4.18 at the College of William \u0026 Mary's Swem Library in Group Study\nRoom 235, using a Zoom H-1 Handy Voice Recorder. Overall, the quality of the interview is\nfairly clear. There is some interference due to people talking and playing music loudly over in\nthe next room. During the interview, Alexis Brender A. Brandis discussed her experiences as an\nathlete. She has been involved with Track \u0026 Field, gymnastics, and Tae Kwon Do. She went on\nto discuss some of her experiences as a current member of the College of William \u0026 Mary's\nTrack \u0026 Field team. She reflected on her experiences with various Williamsburg-James City\nCounty Schools and discussed different experiences with teachers. Towards the end of the\ninterview, she discussed her relationship with her family, namely her unofficial \"adoptive\nbrother,\" Ramon, her experiences so far as a sophomore at the College of William \u0026 Mary, and\nher experiences with having a connection to both the Williamsburg community and the College.","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","This interview was conducted and later indexed by Marriya Schwarz. The interview took place \nduring the evening of 4.4.18 at the College of William \u0026 Mary's Swem Library in Group Study\nRoom 235, using a Zoom H-1 Handy Voice Recorder. Overall, the quality of the interview is\nfairly clear. There is some interference due to people talking and playing music loudly over in\nthe next room. During the interview, Alexis Brender A. Brandis discussed her experiences as an\nathlete. She has been involved with Track \u0026 Field, gymnastics, and Tae Kwon Do. She went on\nto discuss some of her experiences as a current member of the College of William \u0026 Mary's\nTrack \u0026 Field team. She reflected on her experiences with various Williamsburg-James City\nCounty Schools and discussed different experiences with teachers. Towards the end of the\ninterview, she discussed her relationship with her family, namely her unofficial \"adoptive\nbrother,\" Ramon, her experiences so far as a sophomore at the College of William \u0026 Mary, and\nher experiences with having a connection to both the Williamsburg community and the College.","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","This interview was conducted by Marriya Schwarz and indexed by Brenna Cowardin. The\ninterview was later transcribed by Marriya Schwarz. The interview took place during the evening\nof 4/12/18 in front of theater at the Williamsburg Regional Library on Scotland Street, using a\nZoom H-1 Handy Voice Recorder. Overall, the quality of the interview is fairly clear, but the\nvolume is somewhat low. There is some interference due to people filing in and out of the\nWilliamsburg Library, but the audio still can be heard. During the interview, Sylvia Shearin\nWillis discussed her experiences with education within Williamsburg-James City County\nSchools, primarily her experiences with Bruton Heights School and later James Blair High\nSchool after integration in 1966. She reflected on the differences between the two schools. She\nalso discussed her experiences with the different teaching at both schools and minority teaching.\nTowards the end of the interview, she also discussed her experiences with historically black\ncolleges, as well as the educational experiences of her two daughters. For clarity and as\nrequested by the narrator, the transcriber has eliminated every \"um,\" \"uh,\" and \"like\" from the\ntranscription.","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team.","This interview was conducted by Marriya Schwarz and indexed by Brenna Cowardin. The\ninterview was later transcribed by Marriya Schwarz. The interview took place during the evening\nof 4/12/18 in front of theater at the Williamsburg Regional Library on Scotland Street, using a\nZoom H-1 Handy Voice Recorder. Overall, the quality of the interview is fairly clear, but the\nvolume is somewhat low. There is some interference due to people filing in and out of the\nWilliamsburg Library, but the audio still can be heard. During the interview, Sylvia Shearin\nWillis discussed her experiences with education within Williamsburg-James City County\nSchools, primarily her experiences with Bruton Heights School and later James Blair High\nSchool after integration in 1966. She reflected on the differences between the two schools. She\nalso discussed her experiences with the different teaching at both schools and minority teaching.\nTowards the end of the interview, she also discussed her experiences with historically black\ncolleges, as well as the educational experiences of her two daughters. For clarity and as\nrequested by the narrator, the transcriber has eliminated every \"um,\" \"uh,\" and \"like\" from the\ntranscription.","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team.","I interviewed Shamir Bearfield at Swem Library, located rather centrally on the William and Mary campus, in group study room 118. This room is located on the quieter side of the first floor of Swem, and we were therefore able converse without interruption throughout the interview. The interview focused on Shamir's educational experiences growing up, particularly his movement from public to private school and the influence of football on his academic career. We also discussed his transition from a public middle school to a private high school and how that better prepared him for college at William and Mary.","The content of this note comes directly from the headnote created by the interview team. ","I interviewed Shamir Bearfield at Swem Library, located rather centrally on the William and Mary campus, in group study room 118. This room is located on the quieter side of the first floor of Swem, and we were therefore able converse without interruption throughout the interview. The interview focused on Shamir's educational experiences growing up, particularly his movement from public to private school and the influence of football on his academic career. We also discussed his transition from a public middle school to a private high school and how that better prepared him for college at William and Mary.","The content of this note comes directly from the headnote created by the interview team. ","I interviewed Shamir Bearfield at Swem Library, located rather centrally on the William and Mary campus, in group study room 118. This room is located on the quieter side of the first floor of Swem, and we were therefore able converse without interruption throughout the interview. The interview focused on Shamir's educational experiences growing up, particularly his movement from public to private school and the influence of football on his academic career. We also discussed his transition from a public middle school to a private high school and how that better prepared him for college at William and Mary.","The content of this note comes directly from the headnote created by the interview team. ","This interview was conducted by Marriya Schwarz with Nicholas DeAtley indexing during the interview. Marriya Schwarz later transcribed the entire interview. The interview took place in the afternoon of 2/6/18 in the College Apartments where the American Studies Department is located at the College of William \u0026 Mary in Williamsburg, VA. During the interview, Andrew Cotman discussed his experiences growing up in Henrico, Virginia. He described his experience with education starting from elementary school to now, where he is currently a senior at the College of William \u0026 Mary. For clarity, I have eliminated every \"um\" and \"uh.\"","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","This interview was conducted by Marriya Schwarz with Nicholas DeAtley indexing during the interview. Marriya Schwarz later transcribed the entire interview. The interview took place in the afternoon of 2/6/18 in the College Apartments where the American Studies Department is located at the College of William \u0026 Mary in Williamsburg, VA. During the interview, Andrew Cotman discussed his experiences growing up in Henrico, Virginia. He described his experience with education starting from elementary school to now, where he is currently a senior at the College of William \u0026 Mary. For clarity, I have eliminated every \"um\" and \"uh.\"","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","This interview was conducted by Marriya Schwarz with Nicholas DeAtley indexing during the interview. Marriya Schwarz later transcribed the entire interview. The interview took place in the afternoon of 2/6/18 in the College Apartments where the American Studies Department is located at the College of William \u0026 Mary in Williamsburg, VA. During the interview, Andrew Cotman discussed his experiences growing up in Henrico, Virginia. He described his experience with education starting from elementary school to now, where he is currently a senior at the College of William \u0026 Mary. For clarity, I have eliminated every \"um\" and \"uh.\"","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","The interview with Brenna Cowardin was recorded on a Tuesday afternoon in a group study room in Earl Greg Swem Library on the William \u0026 Mary Campus. Other than our voices, the room was quiet because the door was closed. The room was lined with windows in Brenna's line of sight, which showed students walking around study tables and talking. The only other person in the room was the indexer, Shamir Bearfield. Brenna has a passion education, especially for students who are learning English as a Second Language (ESL). Brenna talks about her interest in education as she reflects on her own experience in the Harrisonburg city public schools in Virginia. Although she has no current plans for entering the educational field, she hopes to use her acquisition of the Spanish language to bridge the gaps for these students and their families in the American public education system. ","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","The interview with Brenna Cowardin was recorded on a Tuesday afternoon in a group study room in Earl Greg Swem Library on the William \u0026 Mary Campus. Other than our voices, the room was quiet because the door was closed. The room was lined with windows in Brenna's line of sight, which showed students walking around study tables and talking. The only other person in the room was the indexer, Shamir Bearfield. Brenna has a passion education, especially for students who are learning English as a Second Language (ESL). Brenna talks about her interest in education as she reflects on her own experience in the Harrisonburg city public schools in Virginia. Although she has no current plans for entering the educational field, she hopes to use her acquisition of the Spanish language to bridge the gaps for these students and their families in the American public education system. ","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","The interview with Brenna Cowardin was recorded on a Tuesday afternoon in a group study room in Earl Greg Swem Library on the William \u0026 Mary Campus. Other than our voices, the room was quiet because the door was closed. The room was lined with windows in Brenna's line of sight, which showed students walking around study tables and talking. The only other person in the room was the indexer, Shamir Bearfield. Brenna has a passion education, especially for students who are learning English as a Second Language (ESL). Brenna talks about her interest in education as she reflects on her own experience in the Harrisonburg city public schools in Virginia. Although she has no current plans for entering the educational field, she hopes to use her acquisition of the Spanish language to bridge the gaps for these students and their families in the American public education system. ","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","I interviewed Nicholas DeAtley in a classroom on the third floor of the William and Mary College Apartments building. Nicholas provides a brief yet, enlightening account of his life history. Nicholas discusses a wonderful history of his upbringing from being born in Colombia and brought to the United States at a very young age, to his wonderful childhood with his adoptive family, and his aspirations to play sports in college. ","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","I interviewed Nicholas DeAtley in a classroom on the third floor of the William and Mary College Apartments building. Nicholas provides a brief yet, enlightening account of his life history. Nicholas discusses a wonderful history of his upbringing from being born in Colombia and brought to the United States at a very young age, to his wonderful childhood with his adoptive family, and his aspirations to play sports in college. ","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","I interviewed Ms. Marriya Schwarz in the third floor 311 classroom of the William and Mary American Studies academic building, located on 114 North Boundary St. Williamsburg, VA 23185. This was my first time interviewing with the Zoom H-1 Handy Voice Recorder. Overall the quality of the interview is very clear, however the volume of the interview was a little low. This was Marriya's first time being interviewed so she was a little nervous despite some nerves, overall the interview went very well and was very natural. Marriya discusses in the interview where she is from and her upbringing. Detailed are her experiences growing up in Herndon, Virginia with her sister as well as her transition to high school where she excelled in many extracurricular activities. As a high school senior she also detailed many of her experiences transitioning from high school to college and the nerve wrecking college decision process that many seniors go through so often. Throughout my transcript I have decided to remove the majority of non-verbal utterances such as \"uh\" and \"um\" because it does not represent by my opinion an important aspect of Marriya's speaking style. I also felt it hindered the fluidity of the transcript as it occurred throughout the interview quite often. Marriya is a very academically focused person, who has garnered some very highly regarded awards from her scholastic work. Her ultimate goal is to become a screenwriter and intends to follow that passion after she graduates from the College of William and Mary.","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","I interviewed Ms. Marriya Schwarz in the third floor 311 classroom of the William and Mary American Studies academic building, located on 114 North Boundary St. Williamsburg, VA 23185. This was my first time interviewing with the Zoom H-1 Handy Voice Recorder. Overall the quality of the interview is very clear, however the volume of the interview was a little low. This was Marriya's first time being interviewed so she was a little nervous despite some nerves, overall the interview went very well and was very natural. Marriya discusses in the interview where she is from and her upbringing. Detailed are her experiences growing up in Herndon, Virginia with her sister as well as her transition to high school where she excelled in many extracurricular activities. As a high school senior she also detailed many of her experiences transitioning from high school to college and the nerve wrecking college decision process that many seniors go through so often. Throughout my transcript I have decided to remove the majority of non-verbal utterances such as \"uh\" and \"um\" because it does not represent by my opinion an important aspect of Marriya's speaking style. I also felt it hindered the fluidity of the transcript as it occurred throughout the interview quite often. Marriya is a very academically focused person, who has garnered some very highly regarded awards from her scholastic work. Her ultimate goal is to become a screenwriter and intends to follow that passion after she graduates from the College of William and Mary.","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","I interviewed Ms. Marriya Schwarz in the third floor 311 classroom of the William and Mary American Studies academic building, located on 114 North Boundary St. Williamsburg, VA 23185. This was my first time interviewing with the Zoom H-1 Handy Voice Recorder. Overall the quality of the interview is very clear, however the volume of the interview was a little low. This was Marriya's first time being interviewed so she was a little nervous despite some nerves, overall the interview went very well and was very natural. Marriya discusses in the interview where she is from and her upbringing. Detailed are her experiences growing up in Herndon, Virginia with her sister as well as her transition to high school where she excelled in many extracurricular activities. As a high school senior she also detailed many of her experiences transitioning from high school to college and the nerve wrecking college decision process that many seniors go through so often. Throughout my transcript I have decided to remove the majority of non-verbal utterances such as \"uh\" and \"um\" because it does not represent by my opinion an important aspect of Marriya's speaking style. I also felt it hindered the fluidity of the transcript as it occurred throughout the interview quite often. Marriya is a very academically focused person, who has garnered some very highly regarded awards from her scholastic work. Her ultimate goal is to become a screenwriter and intends to follow that passion after she graduates from the College of William and Mary.","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","I interviewed Mr. Robert Braxton in the College Apartments, which is located on Boundary Street in Williamsburg, VA, in the office of the Williamsburg Documentary Project.  Mr. Braxton was very engaged with the topic and welcoming of any questions that we had for him.  He began his interview by drawing out a revised version of a map of the Triangle, which we drew a copy of.  Having grown up in the area surrounding the Triangle, Mr. Braxton had a valuable perspective on the area.  We covered topics regarding the businesses that were located on the Triangle, how the redevelopment project occurred, and the progress that Williamsburg is making today, in addition to Mr. Braxton's experience on City Council. ","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","I interviewed Steve Harris in College Apartments 5a, overlooking the businesses and traffic at the corner of Prince George Street and South Boundary Street. It was a nice day out and we were lucky that Mr. Harris, who was visiting from Michigan where he now spends much of his time, had lent of his limited time in Williamsburg to the WDP's research of the Triangle Block. The conversation spanned the pre-redevelopment, redevelopment, and post-redevelopment periods of the Triangle's history, starting from Mr. Harris's days at Marshall-Wythe Law School. Mr. Harris brought with him a series of printed-out aerial photographs of the Triangle which he refers to multiple times during the interview.","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","Samantha and I interviewed Mr. Parker in one of the conference rooms on the first floor of College Apartments. He brought along a large binder full of documents that he allowed us to make copies of later, so there are times throughout the recording and transcript that he pauses to look at his materials or pull out a piece for our use. We discovered him through his association with the Society of Friends of African American History, the group responsible for the monument at the Triangle, so a lot of our focus was on that. He also shared his personal feelings about redevelopment and other issues surrounding the history of African Americans in Williamsburg. Early in the interview, there is some confusion over where Mr. Parker was to sign on the informed consent form, so there are pauses as we examined the form.","The content of this note is taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","I, Kandace Kimber, and Francie Zidonis interviewed Tony Conyers in Adriene's office in the College Apartments. Unfortunately, the room wasn't sound proof and there were renovations being done in the hallway so there is some background noise that can be heard in recording. Conyers is a native to Williamsburg and has spent majority of his career in both local and federal government. During the interview we discuss his upbringing and adulthood in Williamsburg, his experience developing new initiatives for the citizens in the city, and what he envisions for Williamsburg and James City County in the future. ","The content of this note comes from the headnote created by the interview team. ","I interviewed former City Councilman Scott Foster in one of the offices on the second floor of the college apartments. It was a very comfortable and casual atmosphere and I believe Mr. Foster had no trouble expressing himself in that environment. Scott Foster was a former student at the College of William \u0026 Mary ('10) and the first student to be elected to the Williamsburg City Council serving from 2010-2018. He has now retired from the City Council and resides in Skipwith Farms with his wife, working at a local law firm. We spoke a lot about Foster's time at the college (as well as, the law school), affordability in Williamsburg, and his overall passion for the city.","The content of this note comes from the headnote created by the interview team. ","We interviewed Roy Gerardi and Tyrone Franklin in a small office in the Municipal Building, located at 401 Lafayette Street, on Friday, April 12. Mr. Gerardi could not stay for the duration of the interview, but before he was called out, he discussed his role in the Williamsburg Redevelopment and Housing Authority (WRHA), some of the programs available for low-income residents, and what he terms the \"five-fold reality\" of poverty. During his half of the interview, Mr. Franklin, the newly hired executive director for the WRHA, spoke about his experiences with affordable housing in his previous roles and his plans for Williamsburg moving forward.  ","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team.","I interviewed Albert and Liz Johnson in the living room of their home in the BrookHaven neighborhood, which is located off of Ironbound road in James City County. While both Al and Liz participated in the interview, only Al wore a microphone so many of Liz's contributions are quiet or difficult to hear. I have done my best to transcribe them accurately, but some of her comments were indistinguishable due to the distance. The Johnsons seemed happy to welcome us into their home and to speak with us about Brookhaven. They have participated in the Williamsburg Documentary Project in the past and are experienced interviewees among American Studies students. During the interview the Johnsons showed us plans for the neighborhood, documents from Al's restaurant career, and photographs of their restaurant. We discussed the history and milieu of Brookhaven and Al's role as a founder of the neighborhood and a local entrepreneur. ","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","I interviewed Mr. Small in a conference room in the Public Works and Utilities department of the Williamsburg Municipal Building, located off of Lafayette Street in Williamsburg, Virginia. Mr. Small is a Williamsburg native and the current city engineer. His father worked in city planning in Williamsburg and James City County as well, helping to develop neighborhoods like Newtown and Fords Colony. As someone who has lived here for almost his entire life, Mr. Small has developed an extensive interest in the history of the development of Williamsburg. Our interview covers a number of topics, including why Williamsburg and the surrounding areas began to expand and develop in the eighties and nineties, moving into the history of various neighborhoods and areas, and finishing with a better understanding about how various aspects of the environment affect the way the city is developed. Throughout the course of the interview, there are various references to Google Maps, which Mr. Small was showing us on a projector, and to a smaller map in the room of Williamsburg with the understanding that it looks like a turkey.","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","I interviewed Ms. Kandace Kimber in one of the Swem Library study rooms on the first floor (room 134C). The room was noticeably brighter than many of the surrounding rooms and areas and did somewhat disturb the individuals in the room. Kandace is a senior at the College and a Virginia native coming from Petersburg, VA. We spoke a lot about her living situation and went into great detail about her plans for the future. Kandace had a very relaxed demeanor and if she was nervous for the interview, one could not tell. A variety of topics were touched on during the interview concerning Kandace's personal life goals, about which she seemed very keen to talk about. ","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","I interviewed Ms. Resha in her office in the College Apartmnets, located on South Boundary Street in Williamsburg, VA. This is a practice interview for class, my second time every interviewing someone and my first time leading an interview on my own. Ms. Resha is 24 years old and a graduate student in the American Studies department, and the Teaching Assistant for our class. She studies Arab and Muslim representation in comic books. We discussed her research to some extent, but also focused a lot on her sense of what home has meant to her at varying points in her life. Ms. Resha considers herself to be \"from\" Florida, but has also lived in a number of places like Alabama, Charlottesville, VA, and Williamsburg.","The content of this note comes from the headnote created by the interview team. ","I interviewed Brenna Thanner in a Swem library study room (134c), adjacent to the computer lab. We were the first in our group to interview. The room we were in was a comfortable size but the fluorescent overhead lights were extremely bright and hot. In the interview, I primarily ask Brenna about her family home in Jacksonville, Florida and her experiences in Williamsburg.","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","I interviewed Francie Zidonis in College Apartments (114 N Boundary Street) room 224 the evening of Sunday, February 24th, 2019. By the time we had finished this interview, it was dark outside. The narrator, indexer, and myself had each already participated in two other practice interviews prior to conducting this interview. There is no remarkable outside noise; however, there are occasionally moments when laughter overwhelms the interview. We discussed Francie's hometown, Columbus, Ohio, and Williamsburg, often the College of William \u0026 Mary specifically, among other things.","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","This interview was conducted by Hallie Feinman and indexed by Austin Curtis. The interview took place on the morning of 2/8/21 via Zoom. Ava Coles discussed her childhood growing up in rural Virginia and the changes that came when her family moved to Charlottesville. She talks about her relationship with her family and siblings as well as her community at large.  Special interest is paid to the impacts of her education and upbringing and the impacts they have had on her life as an adult.","Description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","This interview was conducted by Austin Curtis and indexed by Ava Coles. The interview took place on the afternoon of April 14, 2021 over Zoom. Janet Cummings describes the ways in which she has adjusted the efforts of the Relief Society of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Williamsburg to strengthen bonds of sisterhood among Latter-day Saint women. ","Description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","This interview was conducted by Ava Coles and indexed by Hallie Feinman. The\ninterview took place on the morning of 2/8/21 via Zoom. Austin Curtis discussed his childhood\ngrowing up as the son of two diplomats. He talks about the various places he lived as well as his\nrelationship with his siblings and why he chose to attend William \u0026 Mary.","Description comes from the headnote created by the interview team. ","This interview was conducted by Jasmine Geonzon and was indexed by Maeve Quigley. The\nentire interview was not transcribed. The interview took place on the morning of 4/26/2021 over\nZoom. Ms. Davis discussed her experiences as a patron and employee of the Williamsburg\nRegional Library, the library's role in the Williamsburg community, and the WRL's response to\nthe COVID-19 pandemic.","Description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team.","This oral history was conducted by Austin Curtis who later indexed and used happyscribe.com to transcribe the interview. This interview occurred at noon on February 8th, 2021 in Ava Cole's Personal Zoom Meeting Room. Hallie Feinman talks about her childhood and dissociative disorder. A condition which as she describes it as feeling like \"watching someone else pantomime through life [like] you,\" (03:40). Hallie Feinmen also addresses how COVID quarantines have affected her mental health. ","Description taken from headnote created by the interview team.","This interview was conducted by Maeve Quigley and was indexed by Jasmine Geonzon. The\nentire interview was later transcribed using Otter.ai. The interview took place on the afternoon of\n4/12/2021 over Zoom. Ms. Fowler discussed her life and work history, her role as the director of\nthe Williamsburg Regional Library, the library's role in the Williamsburg community, and the\nWRL's response to the COVID-19 pandemic.","Description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team.","This interview was conducted by Amy Nadel and Johnette Weaver with Colleen Rodgers indexing. The interview took place virtually via Zoom video conferencing software in the afternoon of 4/30/21. All involved were sitting in their homes. Mrs. Weaver both helped interview her mother and served as another narrator by interjecting at times to provide helpful context to what Mrs. Gordon was saying. Mrs. Gordon discusses growing up in Magruder then moving to Highland Park, both Black neighborhoods. She shares her impressions of being a part of her Church community, going to segregated Bruton Heights School, being married to a Marine, and her desire to give her children as many educational opportunities as possible. Also, she shares her opinion of how Highland Park has changed over time and the impact of Covid 19 on her life.","Description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team.","This interview was conducted by Lauren White and indexed by Austin Curtis. The interview\ntook place on the morning of April 28, 2021 over Zoom. Tawanda Hammond describes the ways\nin which she started operating her own decorative cake shop at a young age and moved around\nlocations before ending up in Williamsburg. Hammond describes the ways her business was\nforced to adapt during the COVID-19 pandemic and the adversities that she faced. Hammond\nalso discusses the community of Williamsburg, and how it can improve on being more inclusive.","Description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team.","In this exercise, Jasmine Geonzon interviews Ron Littman with assistance from Sol Gallego-Garcia, who indexed the interview as it was taking place. The interview took place in the afternoon of 2/10/2021, as each Ron, Jasmine, and Sol were each in their respective homes, meeting over a recorded Zoom session. Here, Ron Littman discusses growing up in Williamsburg, having an unconventional school trajectory, and current college life. This transcription was created with the help of Otter.ai with necessary adjustments made for accuracy.","Description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","This interview was conducted by Lauren White and indexed by Ava Coles. The interview took\nplace on the afternoon of 2/25/21 over Zoom. Hatley Mason discussed his difficult decision to\nclose Mermaid Books, which he ran for over eleven years.","Description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","This interview of Amy Nadel was conducted by Colleen Rodgers and indexed by Maeve Quigley\non Sunday, February 7, 2021, at 3:40pm. The interview took place virtually due to the impact of\nthe COVID-19 pandemic and was done over Zoom, but Ms. Nadel was located in her room in an\noff-campus house. In the interview, Ms. Nadel discusses her experience of living abroad during\nthe onset of the pandemic in March of 2020.","Description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","This interview was conducted by Colleen Rodgers with Hallie Feinman indexing. The interview\ntook place virtually via Zoom at 5:00pm on Wednesday, May 5, 2021. In the interview, Macie\nOsborn, the mother of two sons currently enrolled in Williamsburg-James City County (WJCC)\nPublic Schools, discusses her experience with online learning during the Covid-19 pandemic.\nShe details the experiences of each of her sons, one in elementary school and one in middle\nschool, and expresses gratitude for WJCC's ability to adapt to an ever-changing pandemic-era\nworld.","This description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","I interviewed Maeve Quigley on Zoom. She was in her on-campus dorm room, while I was in\nmy off campus room. It was a cloudy, rainy day. Maeve seemed relaxed and ready to speak to us\nabout her experience moving to different places while growing up because she was smiling\nthroughout. She explained how living in three different regions within Virginia shaped her life.\nMaeve was 21 years old during the interview.","This description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","I interviewed Miss Rodgers over Zoom. Miss Rodgers was excited to describe how her family\nhistory shared interesting parallels with John Steinbeck's East of Eden . She gave some\nbackground on the book before delving into her own family's stories, including some funny\nstories passed down from her grandparents and older relatives.","The description is taken from the headnote created by the interview team.","This interview was conducted by Hallie Feinman with Colleen Rodgers indexing. This interview took place virtually over Zoom on Thursday, April 22nd, at 7 PM. The interview was roughly thirty minutes long. In the interview, local community college student Savannah Merriman talked about her time as a high school senior during the beginning of COVID-19 and her subsequent experiences with graduation, community college, and different communities in her life. Towards the latter half of the interview, Savannah spends time talking about her experiences with social media. ","Description taken from headnote created by interview team.","This interview was conducted by Lauren White and indexed by Michelle Lelièvre. The interview\ntook place on the afternoon of April 21, 2021 over Zoom. Michelle Lelièvre was in Richmond.\nLauren White was in Williamsburg. Monique Sowell (MS1) and Michelle Seiling (MS2) were in\nthe office of the Hound's Tale in Williamsburg. Sowell and Seiling discuss their relationship with\nAromas Cafe, how they reacted to the early stages of the pandemic, and the adversities they\nfaced. They also discuss the different programs they received financial aid from, as well as\nbusiness plans for the upcoming future.","This description is taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","I interviewed Bishop David Trichler over Zoom. Bishop Trichler about becoming Bishop of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS) in Williamsburg, how his congregation adjusted to COVID health protocols, and his own personal relationship with the Mormon faith.","The description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","This interview was conducted by Colleen Rodgers with Amy Nadel indexing. The interview took\nplace virtually via Zoom at 8:00pm on Tuesday, April 13, 2021. In the interview, Bruton High\nSchool senior Cate Westenberger discusses her life in Williamsburg. She describes her public\nschool experience prior to and during the Covid-19 pandemic, as well as her experience with\nextracurricular activities such as sports and her job at Wythe Candy in Colonial Williamsburg.","This description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team.","This interview was conducted by Ava Coles and indexed by Lauren White. The interview took place on the afternoon of 4/16/21 over Zoom. Becki Wildenburger discussed her engagement with House of Mercy as a Housing Navigator, personal motivations, and House of Mercy's relationship with the Williamsburg community. Ms. Wildenburger detailed the landscape of affordable housing in Williamsburg and discussed how her role has changed during the COVID-19 pandemic.","This interview was conducted by Ava Coles on April 19th, 2021 over Zoom. Ms. Wolosynowski discussed the origins of the Williamsburg House of Mercy and her experience as the founder and executive director. During COVID-19, she forged critical community coalitions to further the mission of her organization and served the Williamsburg community through impressive food and housing services. ","This description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","In this roundtable interview, Colonial Williamsburg Foundation employees Adam Canaday, Janice Canaday, and Paul Undra Jeter join the Director of Engagement at the Muscarelle Museum and visual artist Steve Prince and discuss the memorialization of African American history in Williamsburg, representation in the arts, local and national resistance to historical truth-telling, and visions for honoring African American ancestors. The Canadays discuss how being descendants of the first Black families of Williamsburg shaped both their careers as interpreters of African American history in CW. They also detail the legacy of Black labor in Williamsburg and express their frustrations with current obstacles to include African American representations in museums. Mr. Prince discusses his role as a visual artist, how he incorporates tragic histories within beautiful images, the power of visual representation, and how the lack of African American representation in public spaces harms the community. The narrators ask each other questions and relate their experiences throughout their discussion since this was the first time the CW employees met Steve Prince and the interviewers. The interview was conducted by undergraduate student Katherine 'Kate' Zabinski and indexed by her classmate Jamie Carkenord on April 20, 2022, at the Colonial Williamsburg Interpreters Office located at 427 Franklin Street in Williamsburg, VA. In the roundtable, Zabinski references the conversations she previously had with other community members who share local history with the roundtable participants. The roundtable interview was completed for an oral history research project in AMST 410: The Williamsburg Documentary Project, taught by Professor Michelle Lelièvre.","This description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","This interview was conducted by Jamie Carkenord and was indexed by Katherine Zabinski. The interview was transcribed. The interview took place on the morning of 1/28/2022 over Zoom. Ms. Clark discussed her life story moving across the country multiple times, what her childhood was like, and her college experience as an American Studies major.","This description is taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","In this interview, William and Mary student Jamie Carkenord discusses how and why she chose to pursue an undergraduate degree in American Studies and how the program has influenced her life. Carkenord describes how she chose American Studies because the interdisciplinary elements that allow her to study many topics and choose her own specialization of her interests. She explains how her mother also majored in American studies and how her mother's descriptions of history departments discouraged her from majoring in history. In American Studies, Carkenord found ease in both completing classes and scheduling new ones. Carkenord discusses how her major has increased her interest in Black American history and overall histories of minority groups in the United States, which have been the most rewarding features of her degree work. Carkenord's journey in American studies has changed the way she views social, political, legal, and economic factors of American society and she states that she continues to look for why historical events happen and who made them occur.","This description is taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","This interview was conducted and indexed by Teresa Clark. The interview took place on the afternoon of 04/22/2022 over Zoom. Ms. Cleveland discussed her journey as an artist in places like Chicago, Arizona, Williamsburg, and more. She discussed her artistic medium, the themes she draws on, and how her Williamsburg public art sculptures came to be. Ms. Cleveland also embeds her perspective on Williamsburg's public art scene in a story about coming back to the town herself and becoming a mother.","This description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","In this interview, Christopher Custalow (a citizen of the Oklahoma Cherokee Nation),\nKody Grant (a citizen of the Pueblo of Isleta and a descendant of the Eastern Band of Cherokee\nIndians), and Martin Saniga (a citizen of the Saponi Tribe out of Person County, North Carolina\nand Halifax County, Virginia) discuss their experiences working as American Indian interpreters\nin the tourism industry and the evolution of Indigenous representation in Colonial Williamsburg.\nThe narrators share information about their personal journeys with their cultural identities, the\ndifficulties and rewards about their career, and their hopes for the expansion of American Indian\nprogramming at Colonial Williamsburg.\nThis interview was conducted by Alison Walsh, and it was indexed by Alex Luck. The entire\ninterview was transcribed. The interview took place during the morning of 04/19/2022 on a\nZoom call.","This description was taken from a headnote created by the interview team. ","This interview was conducted, transcribed and indexed by Teresa Clark, The interview took place on the afternoon of 02/18/2022 at the city Municipal Buildings. Williamsburg Public Art Council members and Tourism Development specialist and WPAC staff liaison Joanna Skrabala discussed their role on the council, their view of public art, and the WPAC's work. ","This description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","In this interview, Rev. Dr. Julie Grace discusses how her involvement in the Historic First Baptist Church in Williamsburg, VA throughout her childhood led to her career as a minister and her dedication to preserving African American history. She details her family's history living in Williamsburg and working for the Colonial Williamsburg Foundation, her experiences going to segregated schools, and how many Black residents view the tourism districts differently with their ancestors' dispossessions in mind. Dr. Grace describes how her ancestors' 19th-century lives as successful Black business and landowners along Duke of Gloucester Street, like Alexander Dunlop, and the overall prosperity of the African American community in Williamsburg are neglected histories that need to be commemorated in the city's physical landscape. She also expresses her personal thoughts on memorialization of African American history in the Colonial Capital of Virginia. The interview was conducted by undergraduate student Katherine 'Kate' Zabinski and indexed by her classmate Karissa McDonald on April 25, 2022, using the Zoom video conferencing platform. In the interview, Zabinski references the roundtable discussion she previously conducted with other community members who share local history with Dr. Grace. The interview was completed for an oral history research project in AMST 410: the Williamsburg Documentary Project, taught by Professor Michelle Lelièvre.","This description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","This interview was conducted in-person at the Williamsburg Regional Library in\nWilliamsburg, Virginia during the afternoon of April 28th, 2022. This interview was conducted\nby Kirsten Knisely, and it was indexed by Alison Walsh. Robert Haas was the narrator. Mr. Haas\ndescribed his work as the Director of Program Services at the library. This job allows for him to\nplan and coordinate the live performing arts performances within the library theater. Mr. Haas\ndiscussed the history of performing arts at the library, the role of performing arts in\nWilliamsburg, funding and financial situation of the arts in Williamsburg, and his successes and\nfailures within his job. He also discusses the role of the college and tourism in the success of the\nlibrary. He also discusses the importance of increasing diversity. The interview was recorded\nusing a Zoom audio recording device. The interview was just under an hour.","This description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","In this interview, Williamsburg resident Neill Hollands describes his job as the president\nof the Board of Directors for the Williamsburg Players. Mr. Hollands has been working with the\nWilliamsburg Players for 10 years.. The Players are a non-profit community theater group that\nruns completely out of their theater on Hubbard Lane. The group typically puts on 12 shows a\nyear that are funded by donations, support from the city, and ticket sales. Hollands discusses the\nfinancial situation of the Players and how COVID-19 impacted in-person activities. The\ninterview continues on to discuss the community building aspect of community theater. He\ndescribes how the theater community is very well-loved among the older community within\nWilliamsburg. Hollands discusses the importance of diversity within the Performing arts world,\nand how the Williamsburg Players work to increase diversity, but ultimately sruggle. This\ninterview was completed as a part of Kirsten Knisely's research project on Performing arts in\nWilliamsburg, Virginia. Knisely conducted the interview in-person using zoom audio recording\ntools. The interview took place on April 24th, 2022 at the James-York Playhouse, where the\nWilliamsburg Players are based. This project is associated with the American Studies program,\nand will complete the AMST 410: Williamsburg Documentary Project, taught by Professor\nMichelle Lelievre.","This description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","In this interview, Kirsten Knisely her early childhood and high school years. She\ndescribes her family life and speaks about people she admires. Kirsten grew up in Arlington,\nVirginia and in the interview, she speaks on her high school experience and friendships. Kirsten\ndetails some core memories as well as fandoms she was involved in high school and her beliefs\nin the tooth fairy and Santa. The interview was completed for an assignment in AMST 410:\nWilliamsburg Documentary Project, taught by Professor Michelle Lelièvre.","This description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","This interview was conducted and indexed by Alison Walsh. The entire interview was\ntranscribed using Zoom Video Communications. The interview took place on the\nmorning of 1/30/2022 over Zoom. Ms. Luck describes her life history, including growing\nup in rural North Carolina, grappling with differing viewpoints from her family and\ncommunity, attending the College of William \u0026 Mary, her passions for dance and history,\nand significant influences on her life.","This description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team.","This interview was conducted by Alex Luck and was indexed by Alex Luck. The entire interview was transcribed using Word afterwards. The interview took place on the morning of 1/30/2022 over Zoom. Karissa McDonald discussed topics about different stages of her life, including International Schooling, her college experience, and her plans for graduation. ","This description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","In this interview, former Williamsburg resident Jessika Weaver Miller (daughter of\nWilliamsburg activist Johnette Gordon Weaver and granddaughter of Highland Park resident\nMyrtle Gordon) describes her professional experiences in the U.S. Navy and in insurance work\nand education in Australia. She speaks about joining the Navy after attending the U.S. Naval\nAcademy and starting a family with her Australian husband in Australia. There, she developed\nan interest in local Indigenous cultures and decided to pursue teaching professionally. Miller\ndescribes her decision to teach in the Torres Strait, a remote northern island region populated by\nIndigenous communities. She talks about the challenges of cross-cultural teaching and working\nin a remote school with limited technological resources and low literacy rates, and her effort to\nstart a Navy Cadet program in the area. She then shifts to discuss her own educational experience\nin Williamsburg, Virginia, particularly at Jamestown High School, a majority-white school. She\nspeaks to her involvement with the First Baptist Church in Williamsburg and her relationship\nwith churches in Australia. The interview concludes with a discussion of her two elementary\nschool-aged children and her educational and social goals for them. This interview was\nconducted by undergraduate W\u0026M senior Jamie Carkenord on April 29, 2022 using the Zoom\nvideo conferencing platform. Jessika Miller was Zooming in from Thursday Island, Australia, so\nher local time was 9:00am on April 30th. This interview was completed as part of Carkenord's\nresearch project in AMST 410: Williamsburg Documentary Project, taught by Professor\nMichelle Lelièvre.","This description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","This interview was conducted in-person by Teresa Clark and indexed by Katherine Zabinski at the Culture Fix building located at 410 Francis St. in Williamsburg, VA on the morning of 4/27/2022. Mrs. Wendy Miller discussed her experiences as a long-time resident of Williamsburg who captures local experiences as the director and photographer of Culture Fix.","This description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","This interview was conducted by and indexed by Karissa McDonald. The entire interview was later transcribed using Otter.ai. The interview took place on the afternoon of 4/12/2021 over Zoom. Mr. Russell discussed his life and work history, his experiences with ghost stories, and the famous ghost stories of Williamsburg. ","This description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","In this interview, Martin Saniga, who identifies as Saponi, Native, and American, discusses how growing up in Newport News, Virginia with his white mother and adoptive white father initially made him feel removed from his Saponi culture. He gradually reclaimed his culture by involving himself and making a difference within the Indigenous community of the greater Williamsburg area. On top of his career, he works with an Indigenous youth culture camp and is the president of a nonprofit language revitalization consortium. Mr. Saniga describes his career path: first joining the Coast Guard, later working as a site supervisor for Jamestown Settlement, and now working as an interpreter and head of the American Indian Initiative for Colonial Williamsburg. Mr. Saniga answers questions about the public reception of recent American Indian programming, museum ownership of Indigenous objects, the migration history of the Saponi people, William \u0026 Mary's complicated relationship with the local Indigenous community, and the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on his work. \nThe interview was conducted by undergraduate students Alex Luck and Alison Walsh on February 24th, 2022 using the Zoom video conferencing platform. The interview was indexed by undergraduate students Kirsten Knisely and Karissa McDonald. The interview was completed for the Guest Interview assignment in AMST 410: Williamsburg Documentary Project, taught by Professor Michelle Lelièvre.","\nThis description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","Within this interview on January 30th, 2022 at 10:15am, Kirsten Knisely interviews her peer Alison Walsh. After Alison approves consent to conduct the interview, Kirsten begins her questions. Throughout the interview, Kirsten asks Alison questions concerning her youth and growing up, particularly what she was interested in as a kid and throughout high school. Alison describes her passions for sports and extracurriculars. She also describes her family and their importance to her. Kirsten continues to ask Alison about her time at William and Mary, what she is involved in, and who she spends her time with. Alison talks about her participation in a multitude of extracurricular activities and talks about her closest friends in college. The interview then moves to discussing the future, where Alison describes her plans to be an environmental lawyer and potentially starting a family one day. At the end of the interview, Alison signs the deed of gift form. ","This description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","In this interview, Ms. Johnette Weaver discusses how her personal history and education in Williamsburg, VA shaped her work as an advocate for social justice. She describes her family's arrival in Virginia in the late 17th century, their dislocations, and eventual establishment in Highland Park. Ms. Weaver explains her complicated relationship with the Colonial Williamsburg Foundation alongside her pride in the work she has done as an interpreter there. She tells of her lifelong love of reading and of her choice to attend the historically Black college, Hampton University. Ms. Weaver discusses her social media manager position with Williamsburg Action, a social justice advocacy group that formed in 2020. The interview was conducted by undergraduate students Katherine Zabinski and Teresa Clark on February 15, 2022, using the Zoom video conferencing platform. In the interview, Clark and Zabinski reference the background knowledge they received about Johnette Weaver from assignments conducted in their undergraduate course AMST 410: Williamsburg Documentary Project, taught by Professor Michelle Lelièvre. Both the class assignment observations and interview were completed for an assignment in AMST 410.","This description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team.","In this interview, William and Mary student Katherine Zabinski describes her upbringing in a\nmilitary family, how it exposed her to other cultures and helped inform her passion for American\nhistory, and also describes her path to the college and the love of hip hop DJing she picked up\nhere. Zabinski narrates her family's moves from California to Washington State to Virginia,\nwhere she has lived since middle school. She explains that she does not consider uprooting\nmultiple times a downside, except that she finds it awkward trying to describe where she is from.\nOn the contrary, she describes how living in multiple places exposed her to more diverse\nAmerican cultures, growing familiar with Native and Chicano communities in California,\nIndigenous and Asian-American communities in Washington, and Black communities along with\nother diverse cultures in Virginia. She describes moving to Virginia and the South as a culture\nshock, but enjoyed the diverse geographies along with the diverse cultures: the California\ndeserts, Washington mountains, and Virginia cotton and cornfields. Zabinski describes the roots\nof her interest in history and the way attending predominantly Black middle and high schools\nand becoming friends with Black women inspired her to learn more about African-American\nhistory and American history that acknowledges white supremacy. She narrates how she came to\nbe interested in William \u0026 Mary. Initially having thought to join the military or attend\ncosmetology school, it was her teachers who encouraged her to take summer classes in the\nNIAHD program at the college, causing her to fall in love with the campus and with colonial to\nrevolutionary American history—with Richmond as one focus. Zabinski closes the interview by\ndescribing the extracurricular she has most enjoyed at William and Mary: the SOUL students of\nhip hop legacy club. She describes her involvement in the executive and social media branches\nof the club, and the DJing she had the opportunity to on a large and small scale during her time\nhere.","This description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","In this interview, American Studies and Gender, Sexuality and Women's Studies (GSWS)\nProfessor Leisa Meyer narrates their experience living in Williamsburg, Virginia, and the\nsurrounding areas as it pertains to the Queer community. Professor Meyer begins with detailing\ntheir life as a Professor at William and Mary, how much they care for their students and reform,\nand how they came to be a Professor and long-time resident of Williamsburg. They explain how\nthe surrounding areas of Williamsburg have a more lively Queer presence, and details some of\nthe history behind the notorious Gay/Lesbian bars in these more urbanized towns. Throughout\nthe interview, there are discussions of what qualifies as a Queer space, what Williamsburg and\nthe Queer community in the town can do to advance their presence in the Colonial city, and ends\nwith concluding remarks about Williamsburg as a whole.","This interview is conducted by Natalie Corsello and indexed by Emma Blackwood. The interview is transcribed by Abby Mendez (they/them). The interview took place in person in the Haven on April 16th at 11:00am. Liz Cascone discusses her background in terms of education and her journey leading up to their move to Williamsburg, as well as her thoughts on the difficulties of finding Queer community and spaces as a non-student, non-retiree in Williamsburg.","In this interview, Marcus Banks Jr. discusses his upbringing in the sports world and those who have positively influenced his journey as a basketball player. A native of the Williamsburg and Newport News areas, Banks begins by explaining who introduced him to the game of basketball and how he fell in love with it. He discusses his experience with basketball prior to college, transferring to different high schools, and the process by which he developed his skills on and off the court, as well as how he was able to overcome adversity. He speaks on what the game has meant to him throughout his life, the various coaches who have helped mold him into the young man he is today, and teammates he has had the pleasure of playing alongside. Finally, Marcus elaborates on the countless lessons, skills, and experiences that basketball has afforded him, and how these things can be applied to other areas of his life.","In the following oral history, John McGlennon, a Professor in Government at the College of\nWilliam \u0026 Mary and member of the Board of Supervisors of James City County, Virginia, discusses his\ninterest in politics as a youth, his education and activities at Fordham University and Johns Hopkins\nUniversity, and his participation in the Democratic Party in Williamsburg, Virginia. McGlennon explains\nhow his New York childhood and background as a first-generation college student sparked his initial\ninterest in politics, particularly in the Kennedy presidency. His increasing dissatisfaction with the Johnson\npresidency led McGlennon to become involved in the high school and college newspapers, which instilled\na belief in the consequence of journalism and academia as avenues for influencing politics. McGlennon\ndescribes his impressions of the First Congressional District of Virginia upon arriving in Williamsburg in\n1974, detailing his rise through the local Democratic Party from 1978 to 1981. Finally, he outlines his\n1982 strategy to campaign against then-State Senator Herb Bateman in the general election for the First\nCongressional District of Virginia, including how he solicited PAC funds, participated in\ncandidate-on-candidate debates, and the role of abortion in determining the final vote outcome.\nWilliamsburg Documentary Project student Caleb Fulford conducted the interview on April 2, 2024, at\n9:00 am with an Amcrest USB Microphone. Fulford and indexer Seth Novak reference the class\nassignment involving the interview in AMST 410: Williamsburg Documentary Project, taught by\nProfessor Michelle Lelièvre.","This interview was conducted by Natalie Lopez and was indexed by Abigail Swanberg. This interview was transcribed by Natalie Lopez. It took place on April 17, 2024 in Swem Room 168. Cecilia Weaver discusses her internship experience at Colonial National Historical Park, her other internships and jobs, and her time at William \u0026 Mary. Topics of this interview include interning, archaeology, Geographic Information System (GIS), public history, museum work, and interpretation.","In this interview, Sam Beavin discusses the culture of music in Williamsburg and how people participate in it. He begins with his background of growing up in Parkland, Florida, and what music is common to that area. He then speaks about his involvement in a student band, Halcyon Lane, and their interactions with other bands on campus. He mentions his influences and genre tastes, and how those compare to the music he plays for Halcyon Lane. He then goes on to describe the locations he has played at, such as the Meridian, the Amphitheater, Sadler Center, Merchants' Square, and on a float during the 2023 Homecoming Parade. He elaborates on the people who listen to him play and how they identify, specifically whether there are students or otherwise. Sam concludes that he is more connected to the William and Mary music community, though enjoys those connections and is content with them. The interview was conducted by undergraduate student Seth Novak on April 7th, 2024, using Zoom H8 Digital Recorders in Earl Gregg Swem Library for the American Studies department Williamsburg Documentary Project.","Maureen Anderson was interviewed was by Abigail Swanberg. The interview was indexed by Joey Houska and Anika Ahammad. The entire interview was transcribed. The interview took place on the afternoon of 4/12/2024 in person at 3312 N Riverside Drive Lanexa 23089. The interview contains topics including family, stating a business, creating and running a farmer's market, self-sufficiency, farming, living in a historic house, and COVID-19.","This interview was conducted by Abigail Swanberg and indexed by Caleb Fulford and Gabe Dorsey. The interview occurred on April 26th, 2024, at 1:00 pm in Swem Library Room 118. This interview was conducted as part of the Williamsburg Documentary Project. Joey Houska is a senior at the College of William \u0026 Mary. They started and currently lead the Toano Walking Tour Project. This interview contains topics including revitalization efforts, community, William \u0026 Mary, walking arts, leadership, Ohio, and advocacy work.","In this interview, Abigail Swanberg discusses a condensed \"life history\", beginning with her life and family in Appomattox, Virginia, and continuing on to other topics such as her interest in football and participation in the marching band. She describes her high school experience under Covid-19 and how it differed from her introduction to college. Finally, she ponders her life goals and ultimate aspirations. The interview was conducted by undergraduate student Seth Novak on January 28th, 2024 using the Zoom video conferencing platform. This interview was completed for an assignment in AMST 410: Williamsburg Documentary Project, taught by Professor Michelle Lelièvre.","In this interview, Caleb Fulford discusses his upbringing and how his parents' relative youth and complex relationship impacted him as a child, as well as his relationship with his younger sisters. He also discusses the impact of his friendship with his current roommate Georgia, who he has been friends with since middle school. He describes how his learning difficulties in school encouraged him to join the debate team and, later, pursue a legal career. He also speaks about how his family's religious differences impacted his ideas about politics. The interview was conducted by undergraduate student Natalie Lopez on January 30, 2024 using the Zoom video conferencing platform. This interview was completed for an assignment in AMST 410: Williamsburg Documentary Project, taught by Professor Michelle Lelièvre.","In this interview, Deja Williams discusses her upbringing and college experience. She describes where she is from, schools attended, the decision to come to William \u0026 Mary, and college extracurriculars, including improv comedy and the desire to play an intramural sport.","In this interview, Emma Blackwood discusses her upbringing in Richmond, VA and her experiences through private school preparing her for college. She describes how quarantine impacted her family, as well as her transition to William and Mary. Soon to be graduating, Emma Blackwood outlines her post-college plans for law school, especially in environmental justice advocacy. The interview was conducted by undergraduate student Anika Ahammad on January 29, 2024 using the Zoom video conferencing platform. The interview was completed for an assignment in AMST 410: Williamsburg Documentary Project, taught by Professor Michelle Lelièvre.","In the following interview, Gabe Dorsey discusses his early childhood and how his parents instilled an unwavering dedication to work, discipline, and spirituality. Gabe recalls deriving his name from the biblical archangel Gabriel, who declared to the Virgin Mary that she had been selected to bear the Son of God and served as a touchstone throughout his upbringing. He describes attending church every Sunday with his immediate family—his mother, father, two older brothers, and grandparents—and values the faith he observed between his parents as a marital unit. Gabe also reflects on how family, early education, and recreational athletics led him to pursue and compete in collegiate basketball at the College of William \u0026 Mary. He credits his father, a former college basketball player, with inspiring him and emphasizing the academic benefits of such a sport. I completed the interview for an assignment in the Williamsburg Documentary Project, taught by Professor Michelle Lelièvre.","This interview was conducted by Gabe Dorsey and was indexed by Caleb Fulford. The entire interview was transcribed. The interview took place on the evening of 1/30/2024 over Zoom. Ms. Lopez gives a brief background on her hometown, upbringing, family life, and her ambitions as a motivated William and Mary student. She gives insight regarding her experiences being a kid from the west coast studying on the east coast, a young girl growing up in a Mexican household and a young woman discovering more and more about herself as she travels and grows through life. \"In the words of Walt Whitman, 'we all contain multitudes'\".","In this interview, Seth Novak discusses his experiences moving around Arlington, Virginia. He also talks about his family and the pets that his family has owned over the years, mostly cats. He talks about his experience volunteering at the Heritage Humane Society. Seth Novak also mentioned how he ended up at William \u0026 Mary, his current thoughts on being a senior who is graduating early, and his post-graduation plans.","In this interview, Laura Gonzalez Castro discusses her personal and professional life, their interaction, and what her work means to her. She describes her youth in Havana, Cuba, and how her experiences were similar and different from other citizens. She also discusses her immigration to the United States and the efforts that went into finding work here, bringing her family members, and how she ended up in Virginia. Gonzalez Castro then goes on to talk about her professional life in the Center for Child and Family Services, and how terminology can have a large impact on the clients she takes in, especially those considered \"undocumented\". Interest is also paid to her education in Cuba, as well as personal life, such as travels across Europe and domestically. The interview was conducted by undergraduate students Abby Mendez and Seth Novak on March 5th, 2024, using DGI microphones.","This Williamsburg Documentary Project guest interview was conducted in the dining area in the basement of First Baptist Church in Williamsburg, Virginia. Molly Robinson conducted the interview and Michelle Lelièvre indexed. Students enrolled in the WDP also attended and interacted with Mrs. Montgomery during the interview. Prior to sitting down with us, Mrs. Montgomery gave the class a tour of the historic First Baptist Church. This enriching tour took up much of our class period, so Mrs. Montgomery scheduled a follow-up oral history that took place on April 4, 2024. In this first interview, she discusses growing up in Winter Park, Florida, attending Hungerford High School in Eatonville, FL, traveling and performing with musician Bill Doggett, raising her daughter during her career as a musician, getting married and moving to Williamsburg, starting credit unions in the town, and entering various leadership positions, including Chairperson of the History Ministry at First Baptist Church. The recording is punctuated with sounds of a phone ringing (@ 7:20 and 9:18). Mrs. Montgomery can also be heard speaking to other members of First Baptist who were in the church during the interview (@ 19:27, 36:19, and 49:10). Around 49:00, several students had to excuse themselves to attend another class.","This oral history was a follow-up to the oral history interview conducted with Mrs. Liz Montgomery by the Williamsburg Documentary Project on February 22, 2024. Both interviews were conducted by Molly Robinson, with questions developed by Molly Robinson and Michelle Lelièvre. Given the expansive nature of Mrs. Montgomery's first interview, the WDP invited her to conduct a second interview where we could explore in greater depth some of the many fascinating topics she introduced, including her experience as a jazz vocalist touring with Bill Doggett in the 1960's, her work to establish credit unions at Colonial Williamsburg and Busch Gardens, her work as a mother raising children in Williamsburg, and her leadership at the First Baptist Church. Mrs. Montgomery was very generous with her responses and shared details of her life that she had not previously disclosed publicly. She ended her interview by singing (unrehearsed!) a few bars from \"Sometimes I Feel Like a Motherless Child.\" The Williamsburg Documentary Project was honored to welcome Mrs. Montgomery and receive the gift of her stories.","In the following oral history, Meredith Poole, a Staff Archaeologist with the Colonial Williamsburg Foundation, discusses how discovering a fossil in her backyard at an early age sparked her passion for archaeology. She also cites numerous educators, from her elementary school teacher to a professor with whom Poole traveled to Belize for a semester abroad, as inspiratory figures in the initial development of her almost 39-year career. Poole explains how working on the 1985 excavation of the Shields Tavern site while completing her Master's Thesis for her MA in Anthropology from William \u0026 Mary helped to both ground her roots in the Williamsburg community and provide her with invaluable on-the-ground skills, such as appreciating the value of minute details and archeological storytelling, that would become central in her later work. She discusses her contributions to the 2022 excavation of the First Baptist Church Cite as among her proudest projects, describing the uncovering of such a personal history for the descendant community as a fulfilling process that exemplifies the value of archaeology. Poole also explains how she balanced her dual interests in fieldwork and obligations as a public-facing archaeologist with the Colonial Williamsburg Foundation, recalling as paramount her skills in creative writing and community development. She advises future archaeologists to focus on a specialized field of research that interests them and communicate the relevant knowledge in ways that the general public can understand and appreciate. Williamsburg Documentary Project students Caleb Fulford and Abigail Swanberg conducted the interview on February 20, 2024, at 2:00 pm with a Zoom H4N and DGI microphones provided by graduate student Molly Robinson. Fulford, Swanberg, and indexer Natalie Lopez reference the class assignment involving the interview in AMST 410: Williamsburg Documentary Project, taught by Professor Michelle Lelièvre.","This interview was conducted by Natalie Corsello and Emma Blackwood and was indexed by Anika Ahammad. The entire interview was transcribed. The interview took place on the afternoon of 2/13/2024 in person at Boswell Hall Room# 40 on 100 Ukrop Way, Williamsburg, VA. Tijuana Reeve discussed her journey to William \u0026 Mary, her advocacy in the Cape Henry Project, and also her personal experiences with pregnancy, stillbirth, and motherhood.","In this interview, Diane Langhorst discusses her experience of belonging and community as a student at the College of William and Mary in the class of 1968, detailing her life in chapters. She discusses the impact of being the middle child and the oldest daughter growing up in the church and transitioning to becoming a student. Further, she recalls the cultural changes of living in Williamsburg, as her parents didn't visit and there were no black students on campus,\nstating that the campus was isolated and segregated. She recounts how her religion fostered community, enabling a closer connection between her and her friends. She discusses how William and Mary felt insulated, how she felt little connection to the community outside of campus, and comments on the lack of news and political discussion. Diane cites the liberal arts education at the college as the inspiration for her study of sociology and subsequent career in social work. This interview was conducted by undergraduate students Caroline Cromwell and Leah Schrum and was indexed by Sarah Kinlaw. The interview took place in the Samuel E. Jones building on the William and Mary campus on the afternoon of 3/6/2025. This interview was conducted for research purposes by the Williamsburg Documentary Project, taught by\nMolly Robinson and Tijuana Reeve.","This description is taken from the headnote for the oral history. ","In this interview, Zach Meredith discusses how his experience as a student at William and Mary shaped his understanding of community and belonging. He discusses how he was drawn to W\u0026M for its intellectual community, and subsequently found his community through the American Studies department and the Williamsburg Documentary Project course. Further, Zach details how the WDP exposed him to new ways of approaching history through archive work and understanding of his positionality. He recounts how his research on the Triangle Block during the WDP developed into his senior thesis project, \"Urban Renewal in the Colonial Capital: Contextualizing the Williamsburg Redevelopment \u0026 Housing Authority\"(2019). Now teaching at the same high school in Durham, North Carolina that he attended as a student, Zach\nhopes to develop a Durham History elective, incorporating aspects from the WDP. This interview was conducted by undergraduate students Sarah Kinlaw and Leah Schrum and was indexed by Caroline Cromwell. The interview took place in the Samuel E. Jones building on the William and Mary campus and on Zoom on the afternoon of 3/4/2025. This interview was conducted for research purposes by the Williamsburg Documentary Project, taught by Molly Robinson and Tijuana Reeve."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use:"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"names_coll_ssim":["Economic Development"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","American Studies Program","Economic Development","Blayton, James Blaine, Sr., (Dr.)","Casey, Carlton","Glosson, Sarah","Arthur Knight","Doyle, Margetta Hirsch (Margetta Hirsch Doyle)","Etheridge, Jeanne","Willard Gilley","George Greenia","Heacox, Thomas (Thomas Lee), 1943-2024","Lois Hornsby","Louise Lambert Kale","Langton, Helen","Ann Ward Little, Daughter of Archibald F. 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He studied at the University of Kansas and the University of Durham in Durham, England before earning his MD in June 1965 from the University of Kansas. He also received an MA from the University of Cambridge in 2002. His postgraduate medical training was done at Johns Hopkins Hospital (1965-1967) and at the Duke University Medical Center under Dr. David Sabiston, Jr. from 1969 to 1972. He spent a year from 1972-1973 at the Institute of Medicine, National Academies in Washington DC. His military service was as a clinical associate, Surgery Branch at the National Heart Institute at the National Institutes of Health from 1967-1969 and as a surgeon with the U.S. Public Health Service from 1972-1973.\n","\nDr. Detmer served a joint appointment in preventative medicine and surgery at the University of Wisconsin-Madison where he was assistant professor (1973-1977), associate professor (1977-1980), and professor (1980-1984). In 1984, he joined the University of Utah, serving as Vice President for Health Sciences and professor of surgery and medical informatics until 1988. Dr. Detmer was instrumental in developing the University of Utah's Integrated Academic/Advanced Information Systems (IAIMIS). \n","\n\nIn 1988, he came to the University of Virginia where he was the Vice President for Health Sciences, a professor in the department of surgery, and a professor of business administration at the Darden School. From 1992-1999, Dr. Detmer was co-director of the Virginia Health Policy Center. From 1993-1996, he was Vice-President and Provost for Health Sciences at the University, as well as a professor of health policy and a professor of surgery. From 1996-1998, he was the Senior Vice President at the University, also lecturing as a professor in health policy, health sciences policy, surgery, and health evaluation sciences until 1999. \n","\n\nFrom 1999-2004, Dr. Detmer was the Dennis Gillings Professor of Health Management at Cambridge University and is a lifetime member of Clare Hall College, Cambridge. From 2005-2015, he was a visiting professor at the Centre for Health Informatics and Multi-professional Education, University College London.\n","\n\nDr. Detmer's professional activities include working with the American Medical Informatics Association, the China Medical Board of New York, the Friends of the National Library of Medicine, the Institute of Medicine, the American Association of Medical Colleges, and the Nuffield Trust.  He additionally served as the Chair of the Board of Regents at the National Library of Medicine, the Chair of the Board on Health Care Services at the IOM/NAM, and like Kerr White and John Ashley before him, as Chair of the National Committee on Vital and Health Statistics. His professional affiliations, memberships, honors and awards were many. He served on editorial boards; advisory groups in the US and the UK; on government boards and committees; and as a consultant to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; the U.S. Congress; to the states of New York, Virginia, and Wisconsin; and to various universities and foundations. He is a frequent visiting lecturer, both national and internationally. His bibliography has nearly 200 entries and includes articles related to surgery, health policy, physician assistants, computer-based patient records, physician workforce, medical informatics, quality of health care, and the academic health center. \n","\n\nHe was married to Mary Helen McFerson (1939-2018) and has two daughters. In October 2024, he married Sharon Hauff.\n","In the weeding process duplicates of reprints and speeches were discarded. Bills, receipts, and personal financial information documents were shredded. Several documents were moved to UVA Medical Center records. Most of the correspondence, speeches, talks, chapter articles, and reprints were organized by date into bulky notebooks. The order was retained but the notebooks were discarded. The resultant collections size was thereby reduced to approximately two-thirds of the orginal in terms of linear feet.","This process was repeated in 2024 when the collection was reprocessed to include new accessioned materials and previous additions to the collection that were donated during the COVID-19 pandemic.","Some files contain correspondence related to the folder contents.","Some files contain correspondence related to the folder contents.","Some files contain correspondence related to the folder contents.","Some files contain correspondence related to the folder contents.","See also: Office of the Vice President for Health Affairs records, RG-17-5; University of Virginia School of Medicine records (RG-17-1); and the Mary Helen Detmer journal (MSS 16372) found in UVA's Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library.","The Don Eugene Detmer papers contain speeches, reprints, policy documents, committee meeting records, articles, correspondence, editorials, and born-digital materials that relate to the professional life of Don Eugene Detmer. Materials particularly document Dr. Detmer's work during 1973-2004 working at the Department of Surgery at the University of Wisconsin, the Department of Surgery and the Department of Medical Informatics at the University of Utah, the University of Virginia, and the University of Cambridge. Other materials relate to the Institute of Medicine, the UVA Health System, the American Medical Informatics Association, the China Medical Board of New York, the Friends of the National Library of Medicine, the American Association of Medical Colleges, and the Nuffield Trust.","This series contains articles, editorials, chapters, and book reviews written by or co-authored by Dr. Detmer.","Most articles are based on Dr. Detmer's surgical experience. However, as he assumed an administrative role, he made statements before the U.S. Congress and wrote about computer-based patient records.","Most of these articles are related to the UVA Health Sciences Center.","Some sub-series were previously divided into years and placed in notebooks with a Table of Contents. See the physical folder for speech titles. Some files contain correspondence related to the speeches.","This item consists of a speech Don Detmer made at Dean Robert Carey's Courtyard Dedication and a card from Carey's daughter thanking Detmer for his speech.","This series contains materials such as CV/resumes, photographs, licenses and certifications, and reappointment documents.","This series contains letters of correspondence between 1961-2024.","This series contains materials related to Dr. Detmer's activities with the Institute of Medicine from 1972-2003.","The University of Wisconsin-Madison related documents series includes materials related to Dr. Detmer's career starting in 1973 as assistant professor in the department of preventive medicine, department of surgery at the University of Wisconsin and rose to a full professor. He left Wisconsin in 1984 to be a professor in the department of surgery, department of medical informatics at the University of Utah in Salt Lake City where he also served as Vice President for Health Sciences.","This series contains materials related to Dr. Detmer's career at the University of Virginia where he was the Vice President for Health Sciences, a professor in the department of surgery, and a professor of business administration at the Darden School. From 1992-1999 to Dr. Detmer was Co-director of the Virginia Health Policy Center. From 1993-1996 he was Vice-President and Provost for Health Sciences at UVA as well as a university professor of health policy and professor of surgery. From 1996-1998 he was the Senior Vice President at UVA. From 1996-1999 he was a professor in health policy, health sciences policy, surgery, and health evaluation sciences.","This series contains a variety of materials that record Dr. Detmer's professional activities in many organizations. 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He studied at the University of Kansas and the University of Durham in Durham, England before earning his MD in June 1965 from the University of Kansas. He also received an MA from the University of Cambridge in 2002. His postgraduate medical training was done at Johns Hopkins Hospital (1965-1967) and at the Duke University Medical Center under Dr. David Sabiston, Jr. from 1969 to 1972. He spent a year from 1972-1973 at the Institute of Medicine, National Academies in Washington DC. His military service was as a clinical associate, Surgery Branch at the National Heart Institute at the National Institutes of Health from 1967-1969 and as a surgeon with the U.S. Public Health Service from 1972-1973.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nDr. Detmer served a joint appointment in preventative medicine and surgery at the University of Wisconsin-Madison where he was assistant professor (1973-1977), associate professor (1977-1980), and professor (1980-1984). In 1984, he joined the University of Utah, serving as Vice President for Health Sciences and professor of surgery and medical informatics until 1988. Dr. Detmer was instrumental in developing the University of Utah's Integrated Academic/Advanced Information Systems (IAIMIS). \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\n\nIn 1988, he came to the University of Virginia where he was the Vice President for Health Sciences, a professor in the department of surgery, and a professor of business administration at the Darden School. From 1992-1999, Dr. Detmer was co-director of the Virginia Health Policy Center. From 1993-1996, he was Vice-President and Provost for Health Sciences at the University, as well as a professor of health policy and a professor of surgery. From 1996-1998, he was the Senior Vice President at the University, also lecturing as a professor in health policy, health sciences policy, surgery, and health evaluation sciences until 1999. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\n\nFrom 1999-2004, Dr. Detmer was the Dennis Gillings Professor of Health Management at Cambridge University and is a lifetime member of Clare Hall College, Cambridge. From 2005-2015, he was a visiting professor at the Centre for Health Informatics and Multi-professional Education, University College London.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\n\nDr. Detmer's professional activities include working with the American Medical Informatics Association, the China Medical Board of New York, the Friends of the National Library of Medicine, the Institute of Medicine, the American Association of Medical Colleges, and the Nuffield Trust.  He additionally served as the Chair of the Board of Regents at the National Library of Medicine, the Chair of the Board on Health Care Services at the IOM/NAM, and like Kerr White and John Ashley before him, as Chair of the National Committee on Vital and Health Statistics. His professional affiliations, memberships, honors and awards were many. He served on editorial boards; advisory groups in the US and the UK; on government boards and committees; and as a consultant to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; the U.S. Congress; to the states of New York, Virginia, and Wisconsin; and to various universities and foundations. He is a frequent visiting lecturer, both national and internationally. His bibliography has nearly 200 entries and includes articles related to surgery, health policy, physician assistants, computer-based patient records, physician workforce, medical informatics, quality of health care, and the academic health center. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\n\nHe was married to Mary Helen McFerson (1939-2018) and has two daughters. In October 2024, he married Sharon Hauff.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["\nDon Eugene Detmer was born in Kansas in 1939. He studied at the University of Kansas and the University of Durham in Durham, England before earning his MD in June 1965 from the University of Kansas. He also received an MA from the University of Cambridge in 2002. His postgraduate medical training was done at Johns Hopkins Hospital (1965-1967) and at the Duke University Medical Center under Dr. David Sabiston, Jr. from 1969 to 1972. He spent a year from 1972-1973 at the Institute of Medicine, National Academies in Washington DC. His military service was as a clinical associate, Surgery Branch at the National Heart Institute at the National Institutes of Health from 1967-1969 and as a surgeon with the U.S. Public Health Service from 1972-1973.\n","\nDr. Detmer served a joint appointment in preventative medicine and surgery at the University of Wisconsin-Madison where he was assistant professor (1973-1977), associate professor (1977-1980), and professor (1980-1984). In 1984, he joined the University of Utah, serving as Vice President for Health Sciences and professor of surgery and medical informatics until 1988. Dr. Detmer was instrumental in developing the University of Utah's Integrated Academic/Advanced Information Systems (IAIMIS). \n","\n\nIn 1988, he came to the University of Virginia where he was the Vice President for Health Sciences, a professor in the department of surgery, and a professor of business administration at the Darden School. From 1992-1999, Dr. Detmer was co-director of the Virginia Health Policy Center. From 1993-1996, he was Vice-President and Provost for Health Sciences at the University, as well as a professor of health policy and a professor of surgery. From 1996-1998, he was the Senior Vice President at the University, also lecturing as a professor in health policy, health sciences policy, surgery, and health evaluation sciences until 1999. \n","\n\nFrom 1999-2004, Dr. Detmer was the Dennis Gillings Professor of Health Management at Cambridge University and is a lifetime member of Clare Hall College, Cambridge. From 2005-2015, he was a visiting professor at the Centre for Health Informatics and Multi-professional Education, University College London.\n","\n\nDr. Detmer's professional activities include working with the American Medical Informatics Association, the China Medical Board of New York, the Friends of the National Library of Medicine, the Institute of Medicine, the American Association of Medical Colleges, and the Nuffield Trust.  He additionally served as the Chair of the Board of Regents at the National Library of Medicine, the Chair of the Board on Health Care Services at the IOM/NAM, and like Kerr White and John Ashley before him, as Chair of the National Committee on Vital and Health Statistics. His professional affiliations, memberships, honors and awards were many. He served on editorial boards; advisory groups in the US and the UK; on government boards and committees; and as a consultant to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; the U.S. Congress; to the states of New York, Virginia, and Wisconsin; and to various universities and foundations. He is a frequent visiting lecturer, both national and internationally. His bibliography has nearly 200 entries and includes articles related to surgery, health policy, physician assistants, computer-based patient records, physician workforce, medical informatics, quality of health care, and the academic health center. \n","\n\nHe was married to Mary Helen McFerson (1939-2018) and has two daughters. In October 2024, he married Sharon Hauff.\n"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn the weeding process duplicates of reprints and speeches were discarded. Bills, receipts, and personal financial information documents were shredded. Several documents were moved to UVA Medical Center records. Most of the correspondence, speeches, talks, chapter articles, and reprints were organized by date into bulky notebooks. The order was retained but the notebooks were discarded. The resultant collections size was thereby reduced to approximately two-thirds of the orginal in terms of linear feet.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis process was repeated in 2024 when the collection was reprocessed to include new accessioned materials and previous additions to the collection that were donated during the COVID-19 pandemic.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSome files contain correspondence related to the folder contents.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSome files contain correspondence related to the folder contents.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSome files contain correspondence related to the folder contents.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSome files contain correspondence related to the folder contents.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information","Processing Information","Processing Information","Processing Information","Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["In the weeding process duplicates of reprints and speeches were discarded. Bills, receipts, and personal financial information documents were shredded. Several documents were moved to UVA Medical Center records. Most of the correspondence, speeches, talks, chapter articles, and reprints were organized by date into bulky notebooks. The order was retained but the notebooks were discarded. The resultant collections size was thereby reduced to approximately two-thirds of the orginal in terms of linear feet.","This process was repeated in 2024 when the collection was reprocessed to include new accessioned materials and previous additions to the collection that were donated during the COVID-19 pandemic.","Some files contain correspondence related to the folder contents.","Some files contain correspondence related to the folder contents.","Some files contain correspondence related to the folder contents.","Some files contain correspondence related to the folder contents."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSee also: Office of the Vice President for Health Affairs records, RG-17-5; University of Virginia School of Medicine records (RG-17-1); and the Mary Helen Detmer journal (MSS 16372) found in UVA's Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["See also: Office of the Vice President for Health Affairs records, RG-17-5; University of Virginia School of Medicine records (RG-17-1); and the Mary Helen Detmer journal (MSS 16372) found in UVA's Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Don Eugene Detmer papers contain speeches, reprints, policy documents, committee meeting records, articles, correspondence, editorials, and born-digital materials that relate to the professional life of Don Eugene Detmer. Materials particularly document Dr. Detmer's work during 1973-2004 working at the Department of Surgery at the University of Wisconsin, the Department of Surgery and the Department of Medical Informatics at the University of Utah, the University of Virginia, and the University of Cambridge. Other materials relate to the Institute of Medicine, the UVA Health System, the American Medical Informatics Association, the China Medical Board of New York, the Friends of the National Library of Medicine, the American Association of Medical Colleges, and the Nuffield Trust.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series contains articles, editorials, chapters, and book reviews written by or co-authored by Dr. Detmer.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMost articles are based on Dr. Detmer's surgical experience. However, as he assumed an administrative role, he made statements before the U.S. Congress and wrote about computer-based patient records.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMost of these articles are related to the UVA Health Sciences Center.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSome sub-series were previously divided into years and placed in notebooks with a Table of Contents. See the physical folder for speech titles. Some files contain correspondence related to the speeches.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis item consists of a speech Don Detmer made at Dean Robert Carey's Courtyard Dedication and a card from Carey's daughter thanking Detmer for his speech.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series contains materials such as CV/resumes, photographs, licenses and certifications, and reappointment documents.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series contains letters of correspondence between 1961-2024.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series contains materials related to Dr. Detmer's activities with the Institute of Medicine from 1972-2003.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe University of Wisconsin-Madison related documents series includes materials related to Dr. Detmer's career starting in 1973 as assistant professor in the department of preventive medicine, department of surgery at the University of Wisconsin and rose to a full professor. He left Wisconsin in 1984 to be a professor in the department of surgery, department of medical informatics at the University of Utah in Salt Lake City where he also served as Vice President for Health Sciences.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series contains materials related to Dr. Detmer's career at the University of Virginia where he was the Vice President for Health Sciences, a professor in the department of surgery, and a professor of business administration at the Darden School. From 1992-1999 to Dr. Detmer was Co-director of the Virginia Health Policy Center. From 1993-1996 he was Vice-President and Provost for Health Sciences at UVA as well as a university professor of health policy and professor of surgery. From 1996-1998 he was the Senior Vice President at UVA. From 1996-1999 he was a professor in health policy, health sciences policy, surgery, and health evaluation sciences.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series contains a variety of materials that record Dr. Detmer's professional activities in many organizations. Materials include notes, clippings, photographs, unpublished and published papers, documents related to the University of Utah and The Nuffield Trust, Dr. Detmer's work in China and Myanmar, and his professional service to state associations and federal committees.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe box includes a variety of born-digital materials: 8 zip drives, 6 2HD hard drives, 5 CD Roms, 2 floppy disks, and 5 IBM cards.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA CD ROM of the Biological Timing Tutorial by the NSF Science and Technology.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA floppy disk of a presentation for the CIHLP, April 28, 2000.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA CD ROM of reports presented at the Institute of Medicine Annual Meeting, Day 2.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Content Description","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Don Eugene Detmer papers contain speeches, reprints, policy documents, committee meeting records, articles, correspondence, editorials, and born-digital materials that relate to the professional life of Don Eugene Detmer. Materials particularly document Dr. Detmer's work during 1973-2004 working at the Department of Surgery at the University of Wisconsin, the Department of Surgery and the Department of Medical Informatics at the University of Utah, the University of Virginia, and the University of Cambridge. Other materials relate to the Institute of Medicine, the UVA Health System, the American Medical Informatics Association, the China Medical Board of New York, the Friends of the National Library of Medicine, the American Association of Medical Colleges, and the Nuffield Trust.","This series contains articles, editorials, chapters, and book reviews written by or co-authored by Dr. Detmer.","Most articles are based on Dr. Detmer's surgical experience. However, as he assumed an administrative role, he made statements before the U.S. Congress and wrote about computer-based patient records.","Most of these articles are related to the UVA Health Sciences Center.","Some sub-series were previously divided into years and placed in notebooks with a Table of Contents. See the physical folder for speech titles. Some files contain correspondence related to the speeches.","This item consists of a speech Don Detmer made at Dean Robert Carey's Courtyard Dedication and a card from Carey's daughter thanking Detmer for his speech.","This series contains materials such as CV/resumes, photographs, licenses and certifications, and reappointment documents.","This series contains letters of correspondence between 1961-2024.","This series contains materials related to Dr. Detmer's activities with the Institute of Medicine from 1972-2003.","The University of Wisconsin-Madison related documents series includes materials related to Dr. Detmer's career starting in 1973 as assistant professor in the department of preventive medicine, department of surgery at the University of Wisconsin and rose to a full professor. He left Wisconsin in 1984 to be a professor in the department of surgery, department of medical informatics at the University of Utah in Salt Lake City where he also served as Vice President for Health Sciences.","This series contains materials related to Dr. Detmer's career at the University of Virginia where he was the Vice President for Health Sciences, a professor in the department of surgery, and a professor of business administration at the Darden School. From 1992-1999 to Dr. Detmer was Co-director of the Virginia Health Policy Center. From 1993-1996 he was Vice-President and Provost for Health Sciences at UVA as well as a university professor of health policy and professor of surgery. From 1996-1998 he was the Senior Vice President at UVA. From 1996-1999 he was a professor in health policy, health sciences policy, surgery, and health evaluation sciences.","This series contains a variety of materials that record Dr. Detmer's professional activities in many organizations. Materials include notes, clippings, photographs, unpublished and published papers, documents related to the University of Utah and The Nuffield Trust, Dr. Detmer's work in China and Myanmar, and his professional service to state associations and federal committees.","The box includes a variety of born-digital materials: 8 zip drives, 6 2HD hard drives, 5 CD Roms, 2 floppy disks, and 5 IBM cards.","A CD ROM of the Biological Timing Tutorial by the NSF Science and Technology.","A floppy disk of a presentation for the CIHLP, April 28, 2000.","A CD ROM of reports presented at the Institute of Medicine Annual Meeting, Day 2."],"names_ssim":["Claude Moore Health Sciences Library","Detmer, Don Eugene"],"corpname_ssim":["Claude Moore Health Sciences Library"],"persname_ssim":["Detmer, Don Eugene"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":433,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-30T07:04:56.149Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_7_resources_842_c03_c01"}},{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9022_c10_c01_c11","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Curtis, Austin Coulson Peer Interview","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_9022_c10_c01_c11#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis interview was conducted by Ava Coles and indexed by Hallie Feinman. The interview took place on the morning of 2/8/21 via Zoom. Austin Curtis discussed his childhood growing up as the son of two diplomats. He talks about the various places he lived as well as his relationship with his siblings and why he chose to attend William \u0026amp; Mary.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_9022_c10_c01_c11#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9022_c10_c01_c11","ref_ssm":["viw_repositories_2_resources_9022_c10_c01_c11"],"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9022_c10_c01_c11","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9022","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9022","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9022_c10_c01","parent_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9022_c10_c01","parent_ssim":["viw_repositories_2_resources_9022","viw_repositories_2_resources_9022_c10","viw_repositories_2_resources_9022_c10_c01"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viw_repositories_2_resources_9022","viw_repositories_2_resources_9022_c10","viw_repositories_2_resources_9022_c10_c01"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Williamsburg Documentary Project","Series 10: Acc. 2022.109, Spring 2021 and Spring 2022 Interviews and Class Materials","WDP 2021"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Williamsburg Documentary Project","Series 10: Acc. 2022.109, Spring 2021 and Spring 2022 Interviews and Class Materials","WDP 2021"],"text":["Williamsburg Documentary Project","Series 10: Acc. 2022.109, Spring 2021 and Spring 2022 Interviews and Class Materials","WDP 2021","Curtis, Austin Coulson Peer Interview","This interview was conducted by Ava Coles and indexed by Hallie Feinman. The\ninterview took place on the morning of 2/8/21 via Zoom. Austin Curtis discussed his childhood\ngrowing up as the son of two diplomats. He talks about the various places he lived as well as his\nrelationship with his siblings and why he chose to attend William \u0026 Mary.","Description comes from the headnote created by the interview team. "],"title_filing_ssi":"Curtis, Austin Coulson Peer Interview","title_ssm":["Curtis, Austin Coulson Peer Interview"],"title_tesim":["Curtis, Austin Coulson Peer Interview"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["2021 February 8"],"normalized_date_ssm":["2021"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Curtis, Austin Coulson Peer Interview"],"component_level_isim":[3],"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"collection_ssim":["Williamsburg Documentary Project"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":985,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Portions of this collection may be restricted for privacy reasons. Consult a staff member for assistance. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"date_range_isim":[2021],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis interview was conducted by Ava Coles and indexed by Hallie Feinman. The\ninterview took place on the morning of 2/8/21 via Zoom. Austin Curtis discussed his childhood\ngrowing up as the son of two diplomats. He talks about the various places he lived as well as his\nrelationship with his siblings and why he chose to attend William \u0026amp; Mary.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDescription comes from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This interview was conducted by Ava Coles and indexed by Hallie Feinman. The\ninterview took place on the morning of 2/8/21 via Zoom. Austin Curtis discussed his childhood\ngrowing up as the son of two diplomats. He talks about the various places he lived as well as his\nrelationship with his siblings and why he chose to attend William \u0026 Mary.","Description comes from the headnote created by the interview team. "],"_nest_path_":"/components#9/components#0/components#10","timestamp":"2026-05-24T23:21:23.242Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9022","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9022","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9022","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9022","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_9022.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Williamsburg Documentary Project ","title_ssm":["Williamsburg Documentary Project"],"title_tesim":["Williamsburg Documentary Project"],"unitdate_ssm":["Circa 1930-2015","2008-2015"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["2008-2015"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["Circa 1930-2015"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["UA 351","/repositories/2/resources/9022"],"text":["UA 351","/repositories/2/resources/9022","Williamsburg Documentary Project","Williamsburg (Va.)--History","Williamsburg (Va.)--Maps","Williamsburg (Va.)--Newspapers","College of William and Mary--History--20th century","Colonial Williamsburg Foundation--History","Interviews","Williamsburg, Battle of, Williamsburg, Va., 1862","Clippings (information artifacts)","Photographs","Transcripts","Newsletters","Portions of this collection may be restricted for privacy reasons. Consult a staff member for assistance. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","Box 11 contains restricted material. Please consult a staff member for further assistance. This is a temporary series and will be deleted once it has been integrated with the existing collection. The series contains oral histories, final reports, and map diaries by students in the Williamsburg Documentary Project course at William and Mary. Box 9 is unrestricted.","Swem library use only","Materials are accessible to researchers at Swem Library only.","Materials accessible to researchers at Swem Library only.","Material accessible to researchers in Swem Library only.","Swem library use only","Material access restricted to researchers at Swem Library only.","Swem library use only","Deed of Gift is missing.","Interview is restricted pending a removal of certain content from the transcript and digital file.","The American Studies Program offers students the opportunity to engage with the complex and diverse histories of cultural, racial, and national encounters that, like those of our local area, have come to shape the past and present of the United States, and the Americas. In a rigorous, yet flexible environment of intellectual inquiry, students develop the critical skills that allow them not only to pursue rewarding careers, but to serve as responsible citizens of the 21st Century.","VERY IMPORTANT: Anyone quoting from or making substantial use of the oral histories collected here should consider THE SOUND RECORDINGS THE DEFINITIVE SOURCE. Transcripts, indexes, and key words are only tools meant to help guide users to the sound recordings. Most of these interviews were done by WDP student-interviewers. Most interviews combine a life history format with some questioning specific to a student-interviewer's research interests. As part of their training, WDP students do some group interviews and also interview one another, and the collection also contains these recordings. Additionally, the collection gathers some recordings that were done by other groups—for example, local volunteers helping commemorate Williamsburg's 300th anniversary. All oral history interviews conducted by the WDP are done following the Oral History Association's principles and best practices guidelines. Each record in the digital archive contains: a) a sound recording of an interview (WAV format; some MP3 format); a few recordings have been edited to reflect restrictions; some recordings are available for use only on-site in Swem Library's Special Collections b) an image of the Deed of Gift relevant to the interview (PDF or TIFF format) c) a \"live index\" to the recording (PDF format); these indexes were made by assistants to the main interviewer during the interview and, using time code, give a rough guide to major topics covered in the interview. d) a \"headnote\" (PDF format); written by the main interviewer, headnotes give some basic information on the circumstances in which the interview took place and highlight some key topics covered in the interview. Many records also contain: e) an interview transcript, which incorporates the headnote described above (PDF format); prepared by the main interviewer, transcripts attempt to render the dialogue of the interview in a way that is quickly searchable. SCHOLARS WISHING TO QUOTE, SYNOPSIZE, OR REFERENCE A WDP ORAL HISTORY SHOULD ALWAYS CHECK THE TRANSCRIPT AGAINST THE INTERVIEW RECORDING. Some records may also contain: f) scans of documents or photographs (TIFF files) related to the interviewee or topics covered in the interview.","Davis does not wanted monetary publications to use her interview.","An edited version of this oral history is being made available to researchers at the request of the interviewee.","Acc. 2009.030 accessioned and minimally described by Amy C. Schindler, University Archivist, in 2/2009. Acc. 2010.311 accessioned and minimally described by Steven Bookman, University Archives Specialist, in 5/2010. All accessions were integrated and processed by David Ward, SCRC Graduate Apprentice, from October 2013-January 2014. Acc. 2015.148 accessioned and minimally described by Steven Bookman, University Archives Specialist, in June 2015.","Digital content documents from the Williamsburg Documentary Project, including some interviews, are available at William \u0026 Mary Libraries Digital Collections  .","This collection is composed of material collected and created by the Williamsburg Documentary Project. The Williamsburg Documentary Project conducts oral history interviews and builds physical and digital archives, as well as other activities, through which it interprets the past of Williamsburg, Virginia.","The collection includes publications, news clippings, interviews, and planning documents about Merchant's Square, New Town, food, immigration, as well as events related to Williamsburg history. Events documented in this collection include the removal of a cross from the chapel in the William \u0026 Mary Wren Building at the direction of College President Gene R. Nichol. ","This sub-series contains oral history interviews from 1995-2012. Interviewees consist primarily of William \u0026 Mary students, William \u0026 Mary Faculty, and Williamsburg and James City County residents. Interviews have related oral history materials in the William \u0026 Mary digital archive. The suberies is arranged in alphabetical order by last name of interviewee.","File contains deed of gift, detailed, time-stamped summary of interview, and written summary of oral history interview conducted by Graham DeZarn. Mr. Abbott speaks about his family history, the work his architectural firm does, and the importance of understanding the history of the area. He speaks about the progect at Polegreen Church in Hanover County, VA and the preservation of historic and agricultural land.","This sub- series contains oral history deeds, transcripts and notes from 1995-2012.","Final papers for student projects consist of a variety of subjects on the community life and culture within Williamsburg and surrounding environs. Some of these topics have related oral history and digital materials in the William \u0026 Mary digital archive. This series contains student project map diaries from 2008-2012. Students track their locations and movements for a 24 hour period to construct a map diary of their day. There is no prescribed format for the map diary. The bulk of the series is arranged by project title.","Please note that select student papers are restricted from viewing due to privacy. Please consult with a staff member for assistance. ","This series contains research materials on the following subjects: : Old Town/New Town, Food and Poverty in Williamsburg and Wren Cross controversy, Battle of Williamsburg Commemoration, J1 Work Visas, Retirement in Williamsburg and Development of Quarterpath Road. There are also oral history materials from the Grass Roots Theater (1998-1999). Old Town/New Town: Merchants Square material, Merchants Square Real Estate Operations, The NewTowner magazines, Next Door Neighbor magazine, and newspaper clippings for 2007. Food and Poverty in Williamsburg: USDA Brochures (2007), Statistics, Information, Advertisements (2010), SHIP (2010), Food Bank Study (2004), Community Health Report (2005) Wren Cross controversy: Emails, Websites and notes used in compiling final report. Battle of Williamsburg Commemoration: Notes J1 Work Visas: Briefings, Regulations, Court Case, and notes used in compiling final report. All from 2010. Retirement in Williamsburg: Reports and Brochures, Journal Articles, Tourism directory, and newspaper clippings.","Williamsburg, Virginia, Traffic Lights, 35 x 21 cm, color Williamsburg, Virginia, Original City and Subsequent Annexation, 28 x 43cm, Color, ca 1984 Williamsburg, Virginia,, Williamsburg in the '20 and '30s, 21 x 28cm, Black \u0026 White James City County, 29.5 x 43cm, color, 2006 Williamsburg, Virginia, Comprehensive Plan, 42.5 x 54.5 cm, color, 2006 Williamsburg, Virginia, Zoning Districts, 1 of 3, 42.5 x 34 cm, color, February 13, 2003 Williamsburg, Virginia, Architectual Review Distircts, 42.5 x 34 cm, 2 of 3, color, March 9, 2006 Williamsburg, Virginia, Zoning Districts, 3 of 3, 42.5 x 34 cm, color, February 13, 2003 Williamsburg, Virginia, Zoning Map, 91 x 58 cm, black \u0026 white, July 1, 1966, 2 copies Williamsburg, Virginia, Zoning Map, 91 x 58 cm, black \u0026 white, August,1972, Res'C', March 26, 1981 Williamsburg, Virginia, Zoning Map, 91 x 58 cm, black \u0026 white, August,1972, ' March 23, 1987, 2 copies Williamsburg, Virginia, Zoning Map, 91 x 58 cm, black \u0026 white, August,1972, January 1, 1975, 2 copies Williamsburg, Virginia, Zoning Map, 91 x 58 cm, black \u0026 white, July 1964 Williamsburg, Virginia, Real Property Grid Index, 91 x 58 cm, color, July 13, 2004","Al Albert is the a former soccer coach at William and Mary and is credited with founding the Tidewater Soccer camp. He speaks about his background and the founding of the camp. Folder contains a summary and index of the interview.","Douglas Austin speaks about his time growing up in the Williamsburg James City County School System and his time at Bruton Heights, previously and African American only school. Folder contains and index and transcript of the interview.","Dr. Bernacki is a general practitioner who has been practicing in Williamsburg since the 1980s. Dr. Bernacki speaks about his past as a medical student at Georgetown, his time as a physician in the Air Force, the growth he has seen in the Williamsburg medical community, and his belief in the Affordable Care Act (ACA). Folder contains a summary and index of the interview.","Dr. Brown speaks about the past medical community of Williamsburg and his disagreement with the Affordable Care Act (ACA). Folder contains a summary and index of the interview.","Lauren Brown speaks about growing up in Williamsburg and the tourism industry. Folder contains an index of the interview.","Sarah Cate-Pizarro is a student at William and Mary and speaks about her life in Richmond, VA, he plans for the future, her travels, and her family. Folder contains an index and transcript of the interview.","Linda Chemlow has been in Williamsburg since 1989 and speaks about her work in the medical field including her personal and professional attitudes towards the Affordable Care Act (ACA). Folder contains a summary and index of the interview.","John Daly is the Head Women's Soccer Coach at William and Mary College. He speaks about how he got involved in soccer and his work at the Tidewater Soccer Camp as a coach. The file contains a transcript of the interview.","Mrs. Elston is the president of the Williamsburg chapter of the William and Mary Alumni Association. She speaks about the association, changes in Williamsburg since she was a student, her and her family's involvement in the community, and her relationship with the US Navy. The folder contains a summary and index of the interview.","Mr. Hamant is the former director of Evening and Special Programs at Colonial Williamsburg. He spoke about how he came to Williamsburg, his time as a Senior Archeologist for Colonial Williamsburg, and his development of popular ghost tours in Colonial Williamsburg. The folder contains a transcript of the interview.","Jane Hanson is the supervisor of the Governor's Musick Ensemble. She gives a comprehensive history of early music performance, the benefits and drawbacks of a resident ensemble, and the difficulties the ensemble face. The folder contains a summary of the interview.","Mayor Clyde Haulmand describes his previous involvement on the Board for the local chapter of Big Brothers Big Sisters. He also discusses how the city of Williamsburg addresses the problem of at-risk and disadvantaged youth. The folder contains a summary and index of the interview.","Sister Rose Morris is a teacher at Walsingham Academy, a Catholic school in Williamsburg. Mary Johnston was a student and teacher at Walsingham and at the time of the interview works as the vice principal of the lower school. Sister Rose speaks of the school's history and its religious diversity. Mary speaks about being a non-Catholic student and teacher at the school. Both speak about the schools relationship to the community. The folder contains an index and transcript of the inteview.","Mrs. Jowett is the Career and Technical Education Curriculum leader at Jamestown High. Mrs. Jowett speaks about her experiences with the supernatural at the high school as well as encounters at her home in Yorktown. The folder contains a summary and index of the interview.","Ms. King is the CEO at the Greater Virginia Peninsula branch of Big Brothers Big Sisters. Ms. King discusses the function and organization of this chapter as well as its fundraisers and events. This folder contains an index and transcript of the interview.","Judy Knudson is the executive director of Olde Towne Medical Center. She speaks about the growing number of retirees in the community, the growth of the medical field in Williamsburg, and the benefits of the Affordable Care Act (ACA). The folder contains a summary, index, and transcript of the interview.","Jake Lewitz is an senior at William and Mary College. He discusses his hometown of Marin, California and what it was like growing up there. He also discussed his busy schedule and many school activities. Jake Lewitz is interested in the Public Health sector. This folder contains an index and transcript of the interview.","Professor Marshall teaches at William and Mary and was member of the Governor's Musick ensemble. Prof. Marshall speaks of the benefits of playing in a small resident ensemble as well as the lack of support by the Colonial Williamsburg Foundation. The folder contains a summary and index of the interview.","Kalynn McLane is a student at William and Mary American Studies program. She speaks about her family, her love of William and Mary, her academics, and her summer study abroad in Cape Town. The folder contains an index and transcript of the interview.","Mr. Moss's speaks of his musical life prior to beginning to play withthe Governor's Musick ensemble, his musical travel, and teaching life. He also give a history of the music that would have been played in the colonial era in Williamsburg. In a follow up interview Mr. Moss discusses the role that the Governor's Musick has played within the living museum and the nature of their engagements while he has been a member. Mr. Moss also discussed the changing attitudes towards music in society todya and his uncertainty about the groups future. The folder contains summaries and indexes for both interviews.","Hannah Ostroff is a student at William and Mary. She speaks about her childhood and her decision to attend William and Mary as well as her time at the school. Ostroff speaks about her experiences with the William and Mary Choir and Sinfonicron. The folder contains an index and transcript of the interview.","Lance Pedigo speaks about his love of music growing up and how he now runs the Fife and Drum Corps in Williamsburg. The folder contains indices of the interview.","Mrs. Pedigo works in the Williamsburg-James City County public school system. She speaks about her time working at Matthew Whaley Elementary School and working in the media center at Rawls Byrd Elementary School. She discusses the changes to the city and the school system since she began working in Williamsburg in 1959. The folder contains a summary and index of the interview.","Mr. and Mrs. Perkins are both graduates of William and Mary and speak about their time as active participants in Greek life on campus. They discuss the changes to Williamsburg and William and Mary since their graduation as well as their current church life and as members of the Olde Guarde Council. The folder contains an index and transcript of the interview.","Mr. Carnifax is the Director of Parks and Recreation for James City County and Mr. Powell is the Assistant City Manager. They speak about athletics and local field use. They also speak about the Warhill Sports Complex, what it provides the community, and how youth athletics can economically benefit the community. This folder contains a summary of the interview.","Rachel Quinones is a student at William and Mary. She speaks about her childhood, religion, music, and her impending graduation. The folder contains an index and transcript of the interview.","Mr. Riley speaks about the Kimball theater and film in Williamsburg. The folder contains indices of the interview.","Mr. Scrofani speaks about the Williamsburg Indoor Sports Complex, how it was created and funded, and the impact the WISC has on the community. The folder contains a summary of the interview.","Willie Shaw is a student at William and Mary. He speaks about his childhood, his family, his passion for athletics, and his relationship with music. He also speaks about how he came to William and Mary and his plans for the future. The folder contains an index and transcript of the interview.","Lauren Stephenson is a student at William and Mary. She speaks about her childhood, growing up in suburban Chicago, her Jewish community, and her TV journalist experience. She also speaks about her experiences at William and Mary. The folder contains a transcript of the interview.","Lisa Thomas has been a Big Sister through the local chapter of Big Brothers Big Sisters since 1985. She discusses her role and responsiblities of a Big Sister and her personal experiences with her Little Sisters. In the follow up interview Lisa Thomas speaks about her experience at Eastern State Hospital, how her work for Child Development Resources (CDR) fits into the Williamsburg community assisting disabled children, at-risk children, and those that come from non-English speaking families, and how changing legislation and federal grant money alters the CDR's focus. The folder contains summaries and indices of the interviews.","Jacqueline Vasquez is a student at William and Mary. She discusses her childhood in Texas and her relationships with her family. She speaks about her middle and high school experiences such as participation in student government and sports. She also speaks about her decision to come to William and Mary and her involvement in Phi Beta Phi Sorority, the Club Lacross team, and her volunteer work at the Democratic National Convention in 2012. This folder contains a transcript of the interview.","Mr. Watson is the longest-working musician of the Governor's Musick Ensemble. He speaks about the historical musical performace practices and institutional knowledge. He discusses the transition in Colonial Williamsburg to historically accurate music practices, his own history with early music and the role of the Governor's Musick at the institution. The folder contains an index and transcript of the interview.","The four narrators are all William and Mary Alumni who reside in the Williamsburg Landing Retirement Community. The residents share stories from their time at William and Mary, speak about their love of the College, what has changed since they were students, why they decided to move to Williamsburg, why they remain involved in the College community, and why they think alumni retire to Williamsburg and other college towns. The folder contains a summary of the conversation as well as short biographies of the four narrators.","Lynn Wolfe works in administration at Child Development and speaks about the fundraising efforts of CDR as well as CDR's connection with insurance companies, public schools, and the community in general. She also speaks about her time at William and Mary and her reasons for living in Williamsburg. The folder contains a summary and index of the interview.","Timothy Wolfe work in the College of William and Mary Admissions Office. He previously worked at Walsingham Academy for two years in the early 2000s as their Director of College Counseling. He speaks about enjoying his time at Walsingham, his experiences as a non-Catholic staff member, and the perception of Walsingham in the community. The folder contains a summary and index of the interview.","Kris Yeager is a student at William and Mary. He speaks about his childhood and family as well as his gymnastics career as part of the Varsity gymnastics team at William and Mary. He discusses his struggles with gymnastics due to medical issues and his future as part of Teach for America in Las Vegas. The folder contains and index and transcript of the interview.","Folder contains brief biographies of the students taking part in the Williamsburg Documentary Project (WDP) in 2013.","WDP student Sarah Cate-Pizarro's final project on ghost lore and ghost tours in Williamsburg. The folder contains copy and description of a survey map of Williamsburg, several advertisements for various ghost tours, and a research paper.","The folder contains a research paper on responses to the Affordable Care Act (ACA) in Williamsburg and excerpts from the Virginia Gazette on national health care reform.","Folder contains a research paper on Big Brothers Big Sisters of Williamsburg.","The folder contains various articles, studies, and webpages about Big Brothers Big Sisters printed out as well as various documents from the organization.","The folder contains various program guides for Colonial Williamsburg, an article by Rohald Broude about music in Colonial Williamsburg in Early Music America, and a research paper about the Governor's Musick in Colonial Williamsburg.","The folder contains a research paper about Walsingham Academy.","The folder contains a research paper about youth athletics in Williamsburg","The folder contains a research paper about William and Mary alumni retiring in Williamsburg.","Folder contains a research paper on the evolution of the Williamsburg-James City County School System.","The folder contains a research paper about Child Developent Resources (CDR) in Williamsburg.","The folder contains a written description of student Rachel Quinones's map diary project which details a map of her day.","Folder contains several maps and a reflective essay.","Folder contains maps and relfective essay.","Folder contains maps and a reflective essay.","Folder contains maps and a reflective essay.","Folder contains a map and a reflective essay.","Folder contains maps and a reflective essay.","Folder contains maps and a reflective essay.","Folder contains maps and a reflective essay.","Folder contains a variety of research papers on various topics in Williamsburg such as the LGBTQ community, downtown Williamsburg, the WCWM-FM which is William and Mary's radio station, alternative education, agriculture, local food, the Catholic community, Gene Nichol who is the 26th president of the College of William and Mary, racism inx the mid-20th century, and Meridian Coffeehouse.","The folder contains maps and reflective essays.","Folder contains a research paper on the Temple Beth El and Jewish community of Williamsburg.","The folder contains a research report on Williamsburg 2009 3-person rule zoning ordinance.","The folder contains a research paper on the Kingsmill gated community and overall perceptions of gated communities in Williamsburg.","Folder contains a research on the Magruder community which was displaced when Camp Peary was established. Additionally, the folder contains copies of relevant photographs and reports.","Mr. Boelt's family has a long history in Williamsburg and as a history buff he has a great deal of knowledge of the Williamsburg area, especially surrounding William and Mary. He speaks about how Williamsburg has changed, specifically in relation to the three person zoning rule and the transition of his childhood home on Richmond Ave. becoming a rental. The folder contains an index and transcript of the interview.","Chris Connolly serves on the City Planning Commission fot the city government and the branch that enforces the three-person rule. The folder contains a summary and index of the interview.","Mrs. Fleck speaks about her history as a military wife before coming to Williamsburg and running the Applewood Bed and Breakfast. She also discussed being a newcomer to the hospitality industry, the relationship between the Bed and Breakfast Network and the local government, and the importance of an internet prescence and marketing. The folder contains a summary, index, and transcrip of the interview.","Mr. Goddin is a vocal opponent of the three-person zoning rule and advocated for an expansion to four people. He speaks about the tension at the time (late 2000s), his arrival in Williamsburg, his neighborhood through the years, his thoughts on current compromises to the rule, his position as a homeowner, and his perspectives on how to move forward balancing student and resident concerns. The folder contains a summary and index of the interview.","Bruce Larson is a civilian working for the Department of Defense (Navy) as the Senior Archaeologist and Cultural Resources Branch Head for Naval Facilities Engineering Command (NAVFAC). Mr. Larson speaks about his education, career, the value of interdisciplinary methodology when working with cultural resources, and the 1966 National Historic Preservation Act. The folder contains an index and transcript of the interview as well as a copy of Mr. Larson's curriculum vitae.","Mr. McGurk is a media correspondent for Kingsmill United. He speaks on how he came to Williamsburg, his experience as a Kingsmill resident, and the history of Kingsmill. The folder contains an index and transcript of the interview.","Tyler Morris currently lives at Fred Boelt's childhood home and sheds some light on how the property is used today and what the surrounding neighborhood is like. Tyler discusses her experience with the property, the neighborhood, the three-person rule, and Williamsburg in general. The folder contains a summary and index of the interview.","Amanda Morrow currently lives at CityGreen Apartments on Richmond Rd. and currently violates the three-person rule. She discusses her previous housing in Williamsburg, her reasons for moving off-campus, her current living situation, and the three-person rule more broadly. The folder contains an index and transcript of the interview.","Samuel Powell is a retired judge who discusess his work witht he Powhatan statue outside the courthouse and the Atlantic community concept that should be completed with two additional statues in the newr future. He speaks of the history of James City County courthouses as well as his involvement with Anheuser-Busch when he worked in private practice as a lawyer in Williamsburg, VA. The folder contains an index and transcript of the interview.","Caroline Raschbaum speaks about her experiences being born and growing up in a household with two opposing religions, finding a passion for Judaism at a young age, Judaism in Williamsburg, the concept of diaspora, and safe spaces for Jews in Williamsburg. The folder contains an index and transcript for the interview.","Folder contains maps and written reports.","The folder contains a research paper on hispanic communities in Williamsburg as well as an adult student registration form and a document from William and Mary written in Spanish.","The folder contains a research paper on the exstence of homelessness in relation to Williamsburg, Virginia's tourist economy.","The folder contains a research paper on protesters in Williamsburg as well as an NAACP brochure, copies of posters for Black Lives Matter, a message on a task force on Preventing Sexual Assult and Harrassment, a program for the Lemon Project Spring Symposium titled \"Ghosts of Slavery: The Afterlives of Racial Bondage\", and a CD.","The folder contains a research paper on bicycling in Williamsburg, a series of printed emails on bicycling in Williamsburg, a pamphlet for the ride cycling club at the YMCA, a series of printed letters requesting interviews, The Williamsburg, James City, and York regional bicycle facilities plan from 1997, printed slides from March 26, 2015 WATA Transit Riders Advisory Committee, amap of James City County, a pamphlet for BikeBeat, the Flying Wheel newsletter from April 2015, several more pamphlets on where to ride bikes in the area, and a syllabus for a class on bicycling basics from William and Mary.","The folder contains a research paper on public housing in Williamsburg, a copy of an application for admission to the public housing system, and a copy of a residential lease agreement that all tenants of the WRHA musst sign.","The folder contains a research paper on the influence of bus drivers on their students.","The folder contains a research paper on food security in Grove, Virginia.","Mr. Briggs speaks about growing up in Williamsburg, his medical diagnosis that left him unable to work, and his residence in public housing, specifically the Katherine Circle Apartments. The folder contains a summary and index of the interview.","Ms. Burton works for the Williamsburg Redevelopment and Housing Authority (WRHA) and speaks on the mission of the WRHA, the process of applying to public housing with the WRHA, how the lease works, and her feelings on the structure of the public housing system. The folder contains an index and transcript of the interview.","Lamar Gray is a 21-year old man who grew up and currently resides in Grove. He speaks on how he ate when he was a wrestler, how he eats now, how he eats healthy, and how he thinks about food. The folder contains an index of the interview.","Ms. Heard speaks about her childhood in \"White City\", her various professions, her relationship with Colonial Williamsburg, and her experiences as a union organizer and protestor. The folder contains an index and transcript of the interview.","Terry Jones is a resident of a public housing complex managed by the Williamsburg Redevelopment and Housing Authority (WRHA). They speak about their life history and experiences with housing. The folder contains an index and transcript of the interview.","Dorcas Juarez discusses her life in Williamsburg at church, at work, and about the challenges and discrimination that comes from speaking little English. She also speaks about her family, the Latino community, and her journey from El Salvador to Williamsburg. The interview is primarily in Spanish. The folder contains a summary and index of the interview, both in English.","Fred Liggin is a pastor at the Williamsburg Christian Church and the founder and president of 3E Restoration which uses mutual relationships to equip and empower homeless individuals to transition to self-sufficiency in everyday life. Mr. Liggin speaks about poverty and homelessness in Williamsburg, his hope for creating systemic change, and his belief that college students can/ have a powerful voice in changing the conversation surrounding homelessness. The folder contains an index and transcript of the interview.","Grace Martien discusses riding the Williamsburg James City County school bus from when she began middle school in 2006  through her senior year of high school. She mainly speaks about her interactions and relationships with bus drivers and the social stratification evident on the bus itself. The folder contains an index and transcript of the summary.","Reed Nester is the director of City Planning and discusses how he has changed bicycling in Williamsburg over the last 20 years, his daily commute to and from work, and his involvement with planning out bicycle paths and lanes in Williamsburg. The folder contains a summary, index, and transcript of the interview.","Robert and Sharon own a bike shop called Red Barn Bikes in New Kent County. They discuss their time biking in Williamsburg, their beilief that James City County is not working with bicyclists, their belief that Capital Trail is essential to growing the biking community, and the reasons they opened up their bicycle shop. The folder contains a summary and index of the interview.","Sam Smith speaks about Williamsburg's Office of Real Estate Assessment, the city's property values, and how those values are assigned. The folder contains an index and transcript of the interview.","Brenda Tejada discusses her life in Williamsburg at work, with systems like social services, and the overall difficulties she faces from being Latino. She talks about her family the Latino community, and her journey from El Salvador to Williamsburg. The interview is in both English and Spanish. The folder contains an index (in English) and a transcript (in a mix of English and Spanish) of the interview.","Rich Thompson discusses his time bicycling in Williamsburg, his involvement with cyclists at the College of William and Mary. He also speaks about his personal reasons for commuting to and from work via bicycle each day. The folder contains a summary and index of the interview.","Mary Turnbull is a bicyclist in Williamsburg and a founding member of the Williamsburg Area Bicyclists. Miss. Turnbull speaks about her experiences commuting between her home in York County and her job as a librarian at Lafayette High School and the importance of bike safety. The folder contains a summary and index of the interview.","Mrs. Little is a historian and daughter of Reverend Archibald F. Ward, Jr. who advocated on behalf of the displaced citizens of Magruder.","Corinne Garland spoke about her work at Williamsburg Preschool for Special Children, her experiences at Child Development Resources, and educational legislation concerning children with disabilities in public schools. This folder contains an index and transcript of the interview.","This interview was conducted by Andrew Cotman and was indexed by Marriya Schwarz with audio management by Nicholas DeAtley. The interview was later transcribed by Nicholas DeAtley, Marriya Schwarz, and Andrew Cotman. The interview took place during the afternoon of 3/15/18 in the third floor 311 classroom of the College of William and Mary American Studies building, located on 114 North Boundary Street Apt Williamsburg, VA 23185, using a Zoom H-1 Handy Voice Recorder. Overall the quality of the interview is very clear, however the volume of the interview was a little low. There was a little interference due to an AC unit turning on and off which may have obstructed slightly the clearness and volume of Ms. Bell's voice. Also, there was an interference early on in the interview because Ms. Bell's microphone detached from her jacket. During the interview, Barbara Bell discussed her experiences in various school systems, like Richmond Public Schools, Fairfax County Public Schools, Department of Defense Schools, and the Medina City School District, during her 35 years of teaching. She reflected on her experiences teaching students with varying socioeconomic statuses. Throughout the interview, she made references to the power of having diversity throughout the classroom, and the joy that she has gained from teaching. Towards the end of the interview, she discussed her work with homeless student populations and a program that she created, called Diversity-In-Actions that promotes knowledge of African-American culture. For clarity, the transcribers have eliminated ever \"um\" and \"uh\" from the transcription.","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team.","This interview was conducted by Andrew Cotman and was indexed by Marriya Schwarz with audio management by Nicholas DeAtley. The interview was later transcribed by Nicholas DeAtley, Marriya Schwarz, and Andrew Cotman. The interview took place during the afternoon of 3/15/18 in the third floor 311 classroom of the College of William and Mary American Studies building, located on 114 North Boundary Street Apt Williamsburg, VA 23185, using a Zoom H-1 Handy Voice Recorder. Overall the quality of the interview is very clear, however the volume of the interview was a little low. There was a little interference due to an AC unit turning on and off which may have obstructed slightly the clearness and volume of Ms. Bell's voice. Also, there was an interference early on in the interview because Ms. Bell's microphone detached from her jacket. During the interview, Barbara Bell discussed her experiences in various school systems, like Richmond Public Schools, Fairfax County Public Schools, Department of Defense Schools, and the Medina City School District, during her 35 years of teaching. She reflected on her experiences teaching students with varying socioeconomic statuses. Throughout the interview, she made references to the power of having diversity throughout the classroom, and the joy that she has gained from teaching. Towards the end of the interview, she discussed her work with homeless student populations and a program that she created, called Diversity-In-Actions that promotes knowledge of African-American culture. For clarity, the transcribers have eliminated ever \"um\" and \"uh\" from the transcription.","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team.","We interviewed Dr. Byrd-Poller on Tuesday, February 20th, 2018 in the upstairs classroom in the\ncollege apartments. Besides two brief distractions (one from a man hoping to print some papers\nand the other when we needed to get Dr. Byrd-Poller some water), the interview continued\nuninterrupted. We began by discussing her own experience growing up in the Williamsburg-\nJames City County school system and her children's experiences and how practices have\nchanged over time. We then began discussion of her twisting career path that eventually led her\nto her current position as Director of Human Resources at Thomas Nelson Community College.\nOne topic that was particularly relevant throughout the interview was the issue of diversity in her\nown schooling experience, her children's, and today as she plays a large role in hiring\nprospective staff.","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","We interviewed Dr. Byrd-Poller on Tuesday, February 20th, 2018 in the upstairs classroom in the\ncollege apartments. Besides two brief distractions (one from a man hoping to print some papers\nand the other when we needed to get Dr. Byrd-Poller some water), the interview continued\nuninterrupted. We began by discussing her own experience growing up in the Williamsburg-\nJames City County school system and her children's experiences and how practices have\nchanged over time. We then began discussion of her twisting career path that eventually led her\nto her current position as Director of Human Resources at Thomas Nelson Community College.\nOne topic that was particularly relevant throughout the interview was the issue of diversity in her\nown schooling experience, her children's, and today as she plays a large role in hiring\nprospective staff.","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","This interview was conducted by Shainir Bearfield and was indexed by Nicholas DeAtley with\naudio management done as well by Nicholas DeAtley. Nicholas DeAtley and Shainir Bearfield\nlater transcribed the interview together. The interview took place at 3:30 p.m. of March 23rd of\n2018, at the Land Tech Resources Inc. building located on 3925 Midlands road located in\nWilliamsburg, Virginia 23188 using a Zoom H-1 Handy Voice Recorder. Overall the quality of\nthe interview is very clear and all audio equipment worked extremely well. Interviewed was Lisa\nOwnby who serves as the Vice Chair of the Williainsburg James City County School board. She\nis also appointed as head of the special education advisory committee within the school board\nsystem. During the interview Lisa Ownby discusses how her relationship with her brother\nunfortunately suffering from numerous disabilities impacted her life choices and career path.\nThroughout the interview she discusses her early volunteering with Special Olympics eventually\nleading to her eventual work at Child Development Resources funded by the U.S. Department of\nEducation. Lisa Ownby in this interview offers her point of view on several facets of the\nWilliainsburg James City County Public school system. First and foremost she offers her\nperspective on funding of special education on a local, state and national level. This interview\nwas an excellent way to see how those working within the school board view the production of\nthe special education system and of what issues are taking place in the system in regards to\nfunding. Throughout this interview for clarity, the transcribers have eliminated \"um\" and \"uh\"\nfrom the transcription.","The content of this note came from the headnote created by the interview team. ","This interview was conducted by Shainir Bearfield and was indexed by Nicholas DeAtley with\naudio management done as well by Nicholas DeAtley. Nicholas DeAtley and Shainir Bearfield\nlater transcribed the interview together. The interview took place at 3:30 p.m. of March 23rd of\n2018, at the Land Tech Resources Inc. building located on 3925 Midlands road located in\nWilliamsburg, Virginia 23188 using a Zoom H-1 Handy Voice Recorder. Overall the quality of\nthe interview is very clear and all audio equipment worked extremely well. Interviewed was Lisa\nOwnby who serves as the Vice Chair of the Williainsburg James City County School board. She\nis also appointed as head of the special education advisory committee within the school board\nsystem. During the interview Lisa Ownby discusses how her relationship with her brother\nunfortunately suffering from numerous disabilities impacted her life choices and career path.\nThroughout the interview she discusses her early volunteering with Special Olympics eventually\nleading to her eventual work at Child Development Resources funded by the U.S. Department of\nEducation. Lisa Ownby in this interview offers her point of view on several facets of the\nWilliainsburg James City County Public school system. First and foremost she offers her\nperspective on funding of special education on a local, state and national level. This interview\nwas an excellent way to see how those working within the school board view the production of\nthe special education system and of what issues are taking place in the system in regards to\nfunding. Throughout this interview for clarity, the transcribers have eliminated \"um\" and \"uh\"\nfrom the transcription.","The content of this note came from the headnote created by the interview team. ","This interview was conducted by Shainir Bearfield and was indexed by Nicholas DeAtley with\naudio management done as well by Nicholas DeAtley. Nicholas DeAtley and Shainir Bearfield\nlater transcribed the interview together. The interview took place at 3:30 p.m. of March 23rd of\n2018, at the Land Tech Resources Inc. building located on 3925 Midlands road located in\nWilliamsburg, Virginia 23188 using a Zoom H-1 Handy Voice Recorder. Overall the quality of\nthe interview is very clear and all audio equipment worked extremely well. Interviewed was Lisa\nOwnby who serves as the Vice Chair of the Williainsburg James City County School board. She\nis also appointed as head of the special education advisory committee within the school board\nsystem. During the interview Lisa Ownby discusses how her relationship with her brother\nunfortunately suffering from numerous disabilities impacted her life choices and career path.\nThroughout the interview she discusses her early volunteering with Special Olympics eventually\nleading to her eventual work at Child Development Resources funded by the U.S. Department of\nEducation. Lisa Ownby in this interview offers her point of view on several facets of the\nWilliainsburg James City County Public school system. First and foremost she offers her\nperspective on funding of special education on a local, state and national level. This interview\nwas an excellent way to see how those working within the school board view the production of\nthe special education system and of what issues are taking place in the system in regards to\nfunding. Throughout this interview for clarity, the transcribers have eliminated \"um\" and \"uh\"\nfrom the transcription.","The content of this note came from the headnote created by the interview team. ","I interviewed Jennifer Albarracin at the William and Mary Barnes and Noble on Saturday, April\n7. We were originally meeting to interview Elias Martinez, a father of English Language\nLearning students in WJCC schools. However, by some miscommunication, even though he\narrived at the bookstore, we were never able to find each other. I'm guessing it was an issue with\nparking. After waiting an hour, I interviewed Jennifer. We discussed her own experience\ngrowing up in Fairfax, Virginia with the label of\"ESL\" and how it drove her towards academic\nsuccess because she wanted to leave behind the term \"ESL\" as an identifier. We also touched on\nher parents' interactions with the school system and how her relationship with her parents was\nstrained by communication barriers. Today, Jennifer is a William and Mary student, minoring in\nLatin American studies in order to learn more about her own roots. The background noise is\nrelatively loud throughout the interview, but the recording is still understandable. Although she\ndoes state her name as Jennifer Albarracin Moya in the recording, most of the time she goes by\nsolely her first last name, Albarracin, and so I decided to refer to her as Jennifer Albarracin after\nconsulting her preferences.","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","I interviewed Jennifer Albarracin at the William and Mary Barnes and Noble on Saturday, April\n7. We were originally meeting to interview Elias Martinez, a father of English Language\nLearning students in WJCC schools. However, by some miscommunication, even though he\narrived at the bookstore, we were never able to find each other. I'm guessing it was an issue with\nparking. After waiting an hour, I interviewed Jennifer. We discussed her own experience\ngrowing up in Fairfax, Virginia with the label of\"ESL\" and how it drove her towards academic\nsuccess because she wanted to leave behind the term \"ESL\" as an identifier. We also touched on\nher parents' interactions with the school system and how her relationship with her parents was\nstrained by communication barriers. Today, Jennifer is a William and Mary student, minoring in\nLatin American studies in order to learn more about her own roots. The background noise is\nrelatively loud throughout the interview, but the recording is still understandable. Although she\ndoes state her name as Jennifer Albarracin Moya in the recording, most of the time she goes by\nsolely her first last name, Albarracin, and so I decided to refer to her as Jennifer Albarracin after\nconsulting her preferences.","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","I interviewed Dr. Barko-Alva on Wednesday, March 21 in Swem library in a group study lounge\non the first floor (this gives reference for the occasional muffled voices in the background).\nEarlier in the day weren't sure if the interview was going to happen because it was snowy, but\nwe did end up completing the interview. We discussed Dr. Barko-Alava's educational\nbackground, beginning with her high school experience in Peru to finishing high school in the\nU.S. and going on to succeed at the University of Florida. She began teaching English her junior\nyear of college and once she graduated, she worked in the local public-school system. Dr. Barko-Alva\nwent back to UF to earn her Master's and Ph.D, and finally found herself at William and\nMary. We also discussed her involvement in educational activist work in Virginia and her\nexperiences 'in the Williamsburg-James City County school system. There were a few sections of\nthe narrative that were removed at the request of the narrator for various reasons including a\nconfidential conversation Dr. Barko-Alva is not at liberty to reveal. However, none of the deleted\nsections were crucial to the narrative being recounted.","The content of this note comes from the headnote created by the interview team. ","I interviewed Dr. Barko-Alva on Wednesday, March 21 in Swem library in a group study lounge\non the first floor (this gives reference for the occasional muffled voices in the background).\nEarlier in the day weren't sure if the interview was going to happen because it was snowy, but\nwe did end up completing the interview. We discussed Dr. Barko-Alava's educational\nbackground, beginning with her high school experience in Peru to finishing high school in the\nU.S. and going on to succeed at the University of Florida. She began teaching English her junior\nyear of college and once she graduated, she worked in the local public-school system. Dr. Barko-Alva\nwent back to UF to earn her Master's and Ph.D, and finally found herself at William and\nMary. We also discussed her involvement in educational activist work in Virginia and her\nexperiences 'in the Williamsburg-James City County school system. There were a few sections of\nthe narrative that were removed at the request of the narrator for various reasons including a\nconfidential conversation Dr. Barko-Alva is not at liberty to reveal. However, none of the deleted\nsections were crucial to the narrative being recounted.","The content of this note comes from the headnote created by the interview team. ","I interviewed Ms. Laura Carver on Tuesday, March 20 at her office in Hornsby Middle School.\nUnfortunately, a small portion of the oral history was lost because the voice recorder's memory\ncard filled up, and I did not notice it until after she was done responding to my question.\nHowever, the unrecorded section could not have been much longer than two or three minutes.\nMs. Carver is an English as a Second Language teacher in the WJCC school system and has been\nsince 2015, so we began the interview with a brief overview of her day-to-day interactions with\nEnglish Language Leaners and their parents. We also discussed her educational background and\nher experience working as a missionary and how both impact her interpretation of her role as an\nESL teacher. We ended the interview discussing the challenges of ESL education, specifically in\nthe local area, faced by the ELL students, their teachers, their families and guardians, and WJCC\nschool system .and a few possible ways to better address those challenges in the future. There\nwere three separate sections that were removed at the request of the Ms. Carver and they are\nnoted in the transcript. Nothing crucial to the slory line of her narrative was lost by these\ndeletions.","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","I interviewed Ms. Laura Carver on Tuesday, March 20 at her office in Hornsby Middle School.\nUnfortunately, a small portion of the oral history was lost because the voice recorder's memory\ncard filled up, and I did not notice it until after she was done responding to my question.\nHowever, the unrecorded section could not have been much longer than two or three minutes.\nMs. Carver is an English as a Second Language teacher in the WJCC school system and has been\nsince 2015, so we began the interview with a brief overview of her day-to-day interactions with\nEnglish Language Leaners and their parents. We also discussed her educational background and\nher experience working as a missionary and how both impact her interpretation of her role as an\nESL teacher. We ended the interview discussing the challenges of ESL education, specifically in\nthe local area, faced by the ELL students, their teachers, their families and guardians, and WJCC\nschool system .and a few possible ways to better address those challenges in the future. There\nwere three separate sections that were removed at the request of the Ms. Carver and they are\nnoted in the transcript. Nothing crucial to the slory line of her narrative was lost by these\ndeletions.","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","I interviewed Ms. Laura Carver on Tuesday, March 20 at her office in Hornsby Middle School.\nUnfortunately, a small portion of the oral history was lost because the voice recorder's memory\ncard filled up, and I did not notice it until after she was done responding to my question.\nHowever, the unrecorded section could not have been much longer than two or three minutes.\nMs. Carver is an English as a Second Language teacher in the WJCC school system and has been\nsince 2015, so we began the interview with a brief overview of her day-to-day interactions with\nEnglish Language Leaners and their parents. We also discussed her educational background and\nher experience working as a missionary and how both impact her interpretation of her role as an\nESL teacher. We ended the interview discussing the challenges of ESL education, specifically in\nthe local area, faced by the ELL students, their teachers, their families and guardians, and WJCC\nschool system .and a few possible ways to better address those challenges in the future. There\nwere three separate sections that were removed at the request of the Ms. Carver and they are\nnoted in the transcript. Nothing crucial to the slory line of her narrative was lost by these\ndeletions.","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","I sent these questions sent to Dr. Patricia Tilghman by email, which explains the odd formatting\nof this document. Her responses follow each bolded question. Dr. Tilghman gave me an\noverview of the ESL program in WJCC schools as well as information about her own\nbackground in ESL education. She also discussed a few of the largest challenges WJCC schools\nface in engaging parents of ESL students. Informed consent was received through email. I have\nprinted that out, along with a Deed of Gift.","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","This interview was conducted and later indexed by Marriya Schwarz. The interview took place \nduring the evening of 4.4.18 at the College of William \u0026 Mary's Swem Library in Group Study\nRoom 235, using a Zoom H-1 Handy Voice Recorder. Overall, the quality of the interview is\nfairly clear. There is some interference due to people talking and playing music loudly over in\nthe next room. During the interview, Alexis Brender A. Brandis discussed her experiences as an\nathlete. She has been involved with Track \u0026 Field, gymnastics, and Tae Kwon Do. She went on\nto discuss some of her experiences as a current member of the College of William \u0026 Mary's\nTrack \u0026 Field team. She reflected on her experiences with various Williamsburg-James City\nCounty Schools and discussed different experiences with teachers. Towards the end of the\ninterview, she discussed her relationship with her family, namely her unofficial \"adoptive\nbrother,\" Ramon, her experiences so far as a sophomore at the College of William \u0026 Mary, and\nher experiences with having a connection to both the Williamsburg community and the College.","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","This interview was conducted and later indexed by Marriya Schwarz. The interview took place \nduring the evening of 4.4.18 at the College of William \u0026 Mary's Swem Library in Group Study\nRoom 235, using a Zoom H-1 Handy Voice Recorder. Overall, the quality of the interview is\nfairly clear. There is some interference due to people talking and playing music loudly over in\nthe next room. During the interview, Alexis Brender A. Brandis discussed her experiences as an\nathlete. She has been involved with Track \u0026 Field, gymnastics, and Tae Kwon Do. She went on\nto discuss some of her experiences as a current member of the College of William \u0026 Mary's\nTrack \u0026 Field team. She reflected on her experiences with various Williamsburg-James City\nCounty Schools and discussed different experiences with teachers. Towards the end of the\ninterview, she discussed her relationship with her family, namely her unofficial \"adoptive\nbrother,\" Ramon, her experiences so far as a sophomore at the College of William \u0026 Mary, and\nher experiences with having a connection to both the Williamsburg community and the College.","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","This interview was conducted by Marriya Schwarz and indexed by Brenna Cowardin. The\ninterview was later transcribed by Marriya Schwarz. The interview took place during the evening\nof 4/12/18 in front of theater at the Williamsburg Regional Library on Scotland Street, using a\nZoom H-1 Handy Voice Recorder. Overall, the quality of the interview is fairly clear, but the\nvolume is somewhat low. There is some interference due to people filing in and out of the\nWilliamsburg Library, but the audio still can be heard. During the interview, Sylvia Shearin\nWillis discussed her experiences with education within Williamsburg-James City County\nSchools, primarily her experiences with Bruton Heights School and later James Blair High\nSchool after integration in 1966. She reflected on the differences between the two schools. She\nalso discussed her experiences with the different teaching at both schools and minority teaching.\nTowards the end of the interview, she also discussed her experiences with historically black\ncolleges, as well as the educational experiences of her two daughters. For clarity and as\nrequested by the narrator, the transcriber has eliminated every \"um,\" \"uh,\" and \"like\" from the\ntranscription.","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team.","This interview was conducted by Marriya Schwarz and indexed by Brenna Cowardin. The\ninterview was later transcribed by Marriya Schwarz. The interview took place during the evening\nof 4/12/18 in front of theater at the Williamsburg Regional Library on Scotland Street, using a\nZoom H-1 Handy Voice Recorder. Overall, the quality of the interview is fairly clear, but the\nvolume is somewhat low. There is some interference due to people filing in and out of the\nWilliamsburg Library, but the audio still can be heard. During the interview, Sylvia Shearin\nWillis discussed her experiences with education within Williamsburg-James City County\nSchools, primarily her experiences with Bruton Heights School and later James Blair High\nSchool after integration in 1966. She reflected on the differences between the two schools. She\nalso discussed her experiences with the different teaching at both schools and minority teaching.\nTowards the end of the interview, she also discussed her experiences with historically black\ncolleges, as well as the educational experiences of her two daughters. For clarity and as\nrequested by the narrator, the transcriber has eliminated every \"um,\" \"uh,\" and \"like\" from the\ntranscription.","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team.","I interviewed Shamir Bearfield at Swem Library, located rather centrally on the William and Mary campus, in group study room 118. This room is located on the quieter side of the first floor of Swem, and we were therefore able converse without interruption throughout the interview. The interview focused on Shamir's educational experiences growing up, particularly his movement from public to private school and the influence of football on his academic career. We also discussed his transition from a public middle school to a private high school and how that better prepared him for college at William and Mary.","The content of this note comes directly from the headnote created by the interview team. ","I interviewed Shamir Bearfield at Swem Library, located rather centrally on the William and Mary campus, in group study room 118. This room is located on the quieter side of the first floor of Swem, and we were therefore able converse without interruption throughout the interview. The interview focused on Shamir's educational experiences growing up, particularly his movement from public to private school and the influence of football on his academic career. We also discussed his transition from a public middle school to a private high school and how that better prepared him for college at William and Mary.","The content of this note comes directly from the headnote created by the interview team. ","I interviewed Shamir Bearfield at Swem Library, located rather centrally on the William and Mary campus, in group study room 118. This room is located on the quieter side of the first floor of Swem, and we were therefore able converse without interruption throughout the interview. The interview focused on Shamir's educational experiences growing up, particularly his movement from public to private school and the influence of football on his academic career. We also discussed his transition from a public middle school to a private high school and how that better prepared him for college at William and Mary.","The content of this note comes directly from the headnote created by the interview team. ","This interview was conducted by Marriya Schwarz with Nicholas DeAtley indexing during the interview. Marriya Schwarz later transcribed the entire interview. The interview took place in the afternoon of 2/6/18 in the College Apartments where the American Studies Department is located at the College of William \u0026 Mary in Williamsburg, VA. During the interview, Andrew Cotman discussed his experiences growing up in Henrico, Virginia. He described his experience with education starting from elementary school to now, where he is currently a senior at the College of William \u0026 Mary. For clarity, I have eliminated every \"um\" and \"uh.\"","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","This interview was conducted by Marriya Schwarz with Nicholas DeAtley indexing during the interview. Marriya Schwarz later transcribed the entire interview. The interview took place in the afternoon of 2/6/18 in the College Apartments where the American Studies Department is located at the College of William \u0026 Mary in Williamsburg, VA. During the interview, Andrew Cotman discussed his experiences growing up in Henrico, Virginia. He described his experience with education starting from elementary school to now, where he is currently a senior at the College of William \u0026 Mary. For clarity, I have eliminated every \"um\" and \"uh.\"","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","This interview was conducted by Marriya Schwarz with Nicholas DeAtley indexing during the interview. Marriya Schwarz later transcribed the entire interview. The interview took place in the afternoon of 2/6/18 in the College Apartments where the American Studies Department is located at the College of William \u0026 Mary in Williamsburg, VA. During the interview, Andrew Cotman discussed his experiences growing up in Henrico, Virginia. He described his experience with education starting from elementary school to now, where he is currently a senior at the College of William \u0026 Mary. For clarity, I have eliminated every \"um\" and \"uh.\"","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","The interview with Brenna Cowardin was recorded on a Tuesday afternoon in a group study room in Earl Greg Swem Library on the William \u0026 Mary Campus. Other than our voices, the room was quiet because the door was closed. The room was lined with windows in Brenna's line of sight, which showed students walking around study tables and talking. The only other person in the room was the indexer, Shamir Bearfield. Brenna has a passion education, especially for students who are learning English as a Second Language (ESL). Brenna talks about her interest in education as she reflects on her own experience in the Harrisonburg city public schools in Virginia. Although she has no current plans for entering the educational field, she hopes to use her acquisition of the Spanish language to bridge the gaps for these students and their families in the American public education system. ","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","The interview with Brenna Cowardin was recorded on a Tuesday afternoon in a group study room in Earl Greg Swem Library on the William \u0026 Mary Campus. Other than our voices, the room was quiet because the door was closed. The room was lined with windows in Brenna's line of sight, which showed students walking around study tables and talking. The only other person in the room was the indexer, Shamir Bearfield. Brenna has a passion education, especially for students who are learning English as a Second Language (ESL). Brenna talks about her interest in education as she reflects on her own experience in the Harrisonburg city public schools in Virginia. Although she has no current plans for entering the educational field, she hopes to use her acquisition of the Spanish language to bridge the gaps for these students and their families in the American public education system. ","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","The interview with Brenna Cowardin was recorded on a Tuesday afternoon in a group study room in Earl Greg Swem Library on the William \u0026 Mary Campus. Other than our voices, the room was quiet because the door was closed. The room was lined with windows in Brenna's line of sight, which showed students walking around study tables and talking. The only other person in the room was the indexer, Shamir Bearfield. Brenna has a passion education, especially for students who are learning English as a Second Language (ESL). Brenna talks about her interest in education as she reflects on her own experience in the Harrisonburg city public schools in Virginia. Although she has no current plans for entering the educational field, she hopes to use her acquisition of the Spanish language to bridge the gaps for these students and their families in the American public education system. ","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","I interviewed Nicholas DeAtley in a classroom on the third floor of the William and Mary College Apartments building. Nicholas provides a brief yet, enlightening account of his life history. Nicholas discusses a wonderful history of his upbringing from being born in Colombia and brought to the United States at a very young age, to his wonderful childhood with his adoptive family, and his aspirations to play sports in college. ","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","I interviewed Nicholas DeAtley in a classroom on the third floor of the William and Mary College Apartments building. Nicholas provides a brief yet, enlightening account of his life history. Nicholas discusses a wonderful history of his upbringing from being born in Colombia and brought to the United States at a very young age, to his wonderful childhood with his adoptive family, and his aspirations to play sports in college. ","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","I interviewed Ms. Marriya Schwarz in the third floor 311 classroom of the William and Mary American Studies academic building, located on 114 North Boundary St. Williamsburg, VA 23185. This was my first time interviewing with the Zoom H-1 Handy Voice Recorder. Overall the quality of the interview is very clear, however the volume of the interview was a little low. This was Marriya's first time being interviewed so she was a little nervous despite some nerves, overall the interview went very well and was very natural. Marriya discusses in the interview where she is from and her upbringing. Detailed are her experiences growing up in Herndon, Virginia with her sister as well as her transition to high school where she excelled in many extracurricular activities. As a high school senior she also detailed many of her experiences transitioning from high school to college and the nerve wrecking college decision process that many seniors go through so often. Throughout my transcript I have decided to remove the majority of non-verbal utterances such as \"uh\" and \"um\" because it does not represent by my opinion an important aspect of Marriya's speaking style. I also felt it hindered the fluidity of the transcript as it occurred throughout the interview quite often. Marriya is a very academically focused person, who has garnered some very highly regarded awards from her scholastic work. Her ultimate goal is to become a screenwriter and intends to follow that passion after she graduates from the College of William and Mary.","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","I interviewed Ms. Marriya Schwarz in the third floor 311 classroom of the William and Mary American Studies academic building, located on 114 North Boundary St. Williamsburg, VA 23185. This was my first time interviewing with the Zoom H-1 Handy Voice Recorder. Overall the quality of the interview is very clear, however the volume of the interview was a little low. This was Marriya's first time being interviewed so she was a little nervous despite some nerves, overall the interview went very well and was very natural. Marriya discusses in the interview where she is from and her upbringing. Detailed are her experiences growing up in Herndon, Virginia with her sister as well as her transition to high school where she excelled in many extracurricular activities. As a high school senior she also detailed many of her experiences transitioning from high school to college and the nerve wrecking college decision process that many seniors go through so often. Throughout my transcript I have decided to remove the majority of non-verbal utterances such as \"uh\" and \"um\" because it does not represent by my opinion an important aspect of Marriya's speaking style. I also felt it hindered the fluidity of the transcript as it occurred throughout the interview quite often. Marriya is a very academically focused person, who has garnered some very highly regarded awards from her scholastic work. Her ultimate goal is to become a screenwriter and intends to follow that passion after she graduates from the College of William and Mary.","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","I interviewed Ms. Marriya Schwarz in the third floor 311 classroom of the William and Mary American Studies academic building, located on 114 North Boundary St. Williamsburg, VA 23185. This was my first time interviewing with the Zoom H-1 Handy Voice Recorder. Overall the quality of the interview is very clear, however the volume of the interview was a little low. This was Marriya's first time being interviewed so she was a little nervous despite some nerves, overall the interview went very well and was very natural. Marriya discusses in the interview where she is from and her upbringing. Detailed are her experiences growing up in Herndon, Virginia with her sister as well as her transition to high school where she excelled in many extracurricular activities. As a high school senior she also detailed many of her experiences transitioning from high school to college and the nerve wrecking college decision process that many seniors go through so often. Throughout my transcript I have decided to remove the majority of non-verbal utterances such as \"uh\" and \"um\" because it does not represent by my opinion an important aspect of Marriya's speaking style. I also felt it hindered the fluidity of the transcript as it occurred throughout the interview quite often. Marriya is a very academically focused person, who has garnered some very highly regarded awards from her scholastic work. Her ultimate goal is to become a screenwriter and intends to follow that passion after she graduates from the College of William and Mary.","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","I interviewed Mr. Robert Braxton in the College Apartments, which is located on Boundary Street in Williamsburg, VA, in the office of the Williamsburg Documentary Project.  Mr. Braxton was very engaged with the topic and welcoming of any questions that we had for him.  He began his interview by drawing out a revised version of a map of the Triangle, which we drew a copy of.  Having grown up in the area surrounding the Triangle, Mr. Braxton had a valuable perspective on the area.  We covered topics regarding the businesses that were located on the Triangle, how the redevelopment project occurred, and the progress that Williamsburg is making today, in addition to Mr. Braxton's experience on City Council. ","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","I interviewed Steve Harris in College Apartments 5a, overlooking the businesses and traffic at the corner of Prince George Street and South Boundary Street. It was a nice day out and we were lucky that Mr. Harris, who was visiting from Michigan where he now spends much of his time, had lent of his limited time in Williamsburg to the WDP's research of the Triangle Block. The conversation spanned the pre-redevelopment, redevelopment, and post-redevelopment periods of the Triangle's history, starting from Mr. Harris's days at Marshall-Wythe Law School. Mr. Harris brought with him a series of printed-out aerial photographs of the Triangle which he refers to multiple times during the interview.","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","Samantha and I interviewed Mr. Parker in one of the conference rooms on the first floor of College Apartments. He brought along a large binder full of documents that he allowed us to make copies of later, so there are times throughout the recording and transcript that he pauses to look at his materials or pull out a piece for our use. We discovered him through his association with the Society of Friends of African American History, the group responsible for the monument at the Triangle, so a lot of our focus was on that. He also shared his personal feelings about redevelopment and other issues surrounding the history of African Americans in Williamsburg. Early in the interview, there is some confusion over where Mr. Parker was to sign on the informed consent form, so there are pauses as we examined the form.","The content of this note is taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","I, Kandace Kimber, and Francie Zidonis interviewed Tony Conyers in Adriene's office in the College Apartments. Unfortunately, the room wasn't sound proof and there were renovations being done in the hallway so there is some background noise that can be heard in recording. Conyers is a native to Williamsburg and has spent majority of his career in both local and federal government. During the interview we discuss his upbringing and adulthood in Williamsburg, his experience developing new initiatives for the citizens in the city, and what he envisions for Williamsburg and James City County in the future. ","The content of this note comes from the headnote created by the interview team. ","I interviewed former City Councilman Scott Foster in one of the offices on the second floor of the college apartments. It was a very comfortable and casual atmosphere and I believe Mr. Foster had no trouble expressing himself in that environment. Scott Foster was a former student at the College of William \u0026 Mary ('10) and the first student to be elected to the Williamsburg City Council serving from 2010-2018. He has now retired from the City Council and resides in Skipwith Farms with his wife, working at a local law firm. We spoke a lot about Foster's time at the college (as well as, the law school), affordability in Williamsburg, and his overall passion for the city.","The content of this note comes from the headnote created by the interview team. ","We interviewed Roy Gerardi and Tyrone Franklin in a small office in the Municipal Building, located at 401 Lafayette Street, on Friday, April 12. Mr. Gerardi could not stay for the duration of the interview, but before he was called out, he discussed his role in the Williamsburg Redevelopment and Housing Authority (WRHA), some of the programs available for low-income residents, and what he terms the \"five-fold reality\" of poverty. During his half of the interview, Mr. Franklin, the newly hired executive director for the WRHA, spoke about his experiences with affordable housing in his previous roles and his plans for Williamsburg moving forward.  ","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team.","I interviewed Albert and Liz Johnson in the living room of their home in the BrookHaven neighborhood, which is located off of Ironbound road in James City County. While both Al and Liz participated in the interview, only Al wore a microphone so many of Liz's contributions are quiet or difficult to hear. I have done my best to transcribe them accurately, but some of her comments were indistinguishable due to the distance. The Johnsons seemed happy to welcome us into their home and to speak with us about Brookhaven. They have participated in the Williamsburg Documentary Project in the past and are experienced interviewees among American Studies students. During the interview the Johnsons showed us plans for the neighborhood, documents from Al's restaurant career, and photographs of their restaurant. We discussed the history and milieu of Brookhaven and Al's role as a founder of the neighborhood and a local entrepreneur. ","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","I interviewed Mr. Small in a conference room in the Public Works and Utilities department of the Williamsburg Municipal Building, located off of Lafayette Street in Williamsburg, Virginia. Mr. Small is a Williamsburg native and the current city engineer. His father worked in city planning in Williamsburg and James City County as well, helping to develop neighborhoods like Newtown and Fords Colony. As someone who has lived here for almost his entire life, Mr. Small has developed an extensive interest in the history of the development of Williamsburg. Our interview covers a number of topics, including why Williamsburg and the surrounding areas began to expand and develop in the eighties and nineties, moving into the history of various neighborhoods and areas, and finishing with a better understanding about how various aspects of the environment affect the way the city is developed. Throughout the course of the interview, there are various references to Google Maps, which Mr. Small was showing us on a projector, and to a smaller map in the room of Williamsburg with the understanding that it looks like a turkey.","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","I interviewed Ms. Kandace Kimber in one of the Swem Library study rooms on the first floor (room 134C). The room was noticeably brighter than many of the surrounding rooms and areas and did somewhat disturb the individuals in the room. Kandace is a senior at the College and a Virginia native coming from Petersburg, VA. We spoke a lot about her living situation and went into great detail about her plans for the future. Kandace had a very relaxed demeanor and if she was nervous for the interview, one could not tell. A variety of topics were touched on during the interview concerning Kandace's personal life goals, about which she seemed very keen to talk about. ","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","I interviewed Ms. Resha in her office in the College Apartmnets, located on South Boundary Street in Williamsburg, VA. This is a practice interview for class, my second time every interviewing someone and my first time leading an interview on my own. Ms. Resha is 24 years old and a graduate student in the American Studies department, and the Teaching Assistant for our class. She studies Arab and Muslim representation in comic books. We discussed her research to some extent, but also focused a lot on her sense of what home has meant to her at varying points in her life. Ms. Resha considers herself to be \"from\" Florida, but has also lived in a number of places like Alabama, Charlottesville, VA, and Williamsburg.","The content of this note comes from the headnote created by the interview team. ","I interviewed Brenna Thanner in a Swem library study room (134c), adjacent to the computer lab. We were the first in our group to interview. The room we were in was a comfortable size but the fluorescent overhead lights were extremely bright and hot. In the interview, I primarily ask Brenna about her family home in Jacksonville, Florida and her experiences in Williamsburg.","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","I interviewed Francie Zidonis in College Apartments (114 N Boundary Street) room 224 the evening of Sunday, February 24th, 2019. By the time we had finished this interview, it was dark outside. The narrator, indexer, and myself had each already participated in two other practice interviews prior to conducting this interview. There is no remarkable outside noise; however, there are occasionally moments when laughter overwhelms the interview. We discussed Francie's hometown, Columbus, Ohio, and Williamsburg, often the College of William \u0026 Mary specifically, among other things.","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","This interview was conducted by Hallie Feinman and indexed by Austin Curtis. The interview took place on the morning of 2/8/21 via Zoom. Ava Coles discussed her childhood growing up in rural Virginia and the changes that came when her family moved to Charlottesville. She talks about her relationship with her family and siblings as well as her community at large.  Special interest is paid to the impacts of her education and upbringing and the impacts they have had on her life as an adult.","Description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","This interview was conducted by Austin Curtis and indexed by Ava Coles. The interview took place on the afternoon of April 14, 2021 over Zoom. Janet Cummings describes the ways in which she has adjusted the efforts of the Relief Society of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Williamsburg to strengthen bonds of sisterhood among Latter-day Saint women. ","Description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","This interview was conducted by Ava Coles and indexed by Hallie Feinman. The\ninterview took place on the morning of 2/8/21 via Zoom. Austin Curtis discussed his childhood\ngrowing up as the son of two diplomats. He talks about the various places he lived as well as his\nrelationship with his siblings and why he chose to attend William \u0026 Mary.","Description comes from the headnote created by the interview team. ","This interview was conducted by Jasmine Geonzon and was indexed by Maeve Quigley. The\nentire interview was not transcribed. The interview took place on the morning of 4/26/2021 over\nZoom. Ms. Davis discussed her experiences as a patron and employee of the Williamsburg\nRegional Library, the library's role in the Williamsburg community, and the WRL's response to\nthe COVID-19 pandemic.","Description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team.","This oral history was conducted by Austin Curtis who later indexed and used happyscribe.com to transcribe the interview. This interview occurred at noon on February 8th, 2021 in Ava Cole's Personal Zoom Meeting Room. Hallie Feinman talks about her childhood and dissociative disorder. A condition which as she describes it as feeling like \"watching someone else pantomime through life [like] you,\" (03:40). Hallie Feinmen also addresses how COVID quarantines have affected her mental health. ","Description taken from headnote created by the interview team.","This interview was conducted by Maeve Quigley and was indexed by Jasmine Geonzon. The\nentire interview was later transcribed using Otter.ai. The interview took place on the afternoon of\n4/12/2021 over Zoom. Ms. Fowler discussed her life and work history, her role as the director of\nthe Williamsburg Regional Library, the library's role in the Williamsburg community, and the\nWRL's response to the COVID-19 pandemic.","Description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team.","This interview was conducted by Amy Nadel and Johnette Weaver with Colleen Rodgers indexing. The interview took place virtually via Zoom video conferencing software in the afternoon of 4/30/21. All involved were sitting in their homes. Mrs. Weaver both helped interview her mother and served as another narrator by interjecting at times to provide helpful context to what Mrs. Gordon was saying. Mrs. Gordon discusses growing up in Magruder then moving to Highland Park, both Black neighborhoods. She shares her impressions of being a part of her Church community, going to segregated Bruton Heights School, being married to a Marine, and her desire to give her children as many educational opportunities as possible. Also, she shares her opinion of how Highland Park has changed over time and the impact of Covid 19 on her life.","Description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team.","This interview was conducted by Lauren White and indexed by Austin Curtis. The interview\ntook place on the morning of April 28, 2021 over Zoom. Tawanda Hammond describes the ways\nin which she started operating her own decorative cake shop at a young age and moved around\nlocations before ending up in Williamsburg. Hammond describes the ways her business was\nforced to adapt during the COVID-19 pandemic and the adversities that she faced. Hammond\nalso discusses the community of Williamsburg, and how it can improve on being more inclusive.","Description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team.","In this exercise, Jasmine Geonzon interviews Ron Littman with assistance from Sol Gallego-Garcia, who indexed the interview as it was taking place. The interview took place in the afternoon of 2/10/2021, as each Ron, Jasmine, and Sol were each in their respective homes, meeting over a recorded Zoom session. Here, Ron Littman discusses growing up in Williamsburg, having an unconventional school trajectory, and current college life. This transcription was created with the help of Otter.ai with necessary adjustments made for accuracy.","Description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","This interview was conducted by Lauren White and indexed by Ava Coles. The interview took\nplace on the afternoon of 2/25/21 over Zoom. Hatley Mason discussed his difficult decision to\nclose Mermaid Books, which he ran for over eleven years.","Description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","This interview of Amy Nadel was conducted by Colleen Rodgers and indexed by Maeve Quigley\non Sunday, February 7, 2021, at 3:40pm. The interview took place virtually due to the impact of\nthe COVID-19 pandemic and was done over Zoom, but Ms. Nadel was located in her room in an\noff-campus house. In the interview, Ms. Nadel discusses her experience of living abroad during\nthe onset of the pandemic in March of 2020.","Description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","This interview was conducted by Colleen Rodgers with Hallie Feinman indexing. The interview\ntook place virtually via Zoom at 5:00pm on Wednesday, May 5, 2021. In the interview, Macie\nOsborn, the mother of two sons currently enrolled in Williamsburg-James City County (WJCC)\nPublic Schools, discusses her experience with online learning during the Covid-19 pandemic.\nShe details the experiences of each of her sons, one in elementary school and one in middle\nschool, and expresses gratitude for WJCC's ability to adapt to an ever-changing pandemic-era\nworld.","This description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","I interviewed Maeve Quigley on Zoom. She was in her on-campus dorm room, while I was in\nmy off campus room. It was a cloudy, rainy day. Maeve seemed relaxed and ready to speak to us\nabout her experience moving to different places while growing up because she was smiling\nthroughout. She explained how living in three different regions within Virginia shaped her life.\nMaeve was 21 years old during the interview.","This description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","I interviewed Miss Rodgers over Zoom. Miss Rodgers was excited to describe how her family\nhistory shared interesting parallels with John Steinbeck's East of Eden . She gave some\nbackground on the book before delving into her own family's stories, including some funny\nstories passed down from her grandparents and older relatives.","The description is taken from the headnote created by the interview team.","This interview was conducted by Hallie Feinman with Colleen Rodgers indexing. This interview took place virtually over Zoom on Thursday, April 22nd, at 7 PM. The interview was roughly thirty minutes long. In the interview, local community college student Savannah Merriman talked about her time as a high school senior during the beginning of COVID-19 and her subsequent experiences with graduation, community college, and different communities in her life. Towards the latter half of the interview, Savannah spends time talking about her experiences with social media. ","Description taken from headnote created by interview team.","This interview was conducted by Lauren White and indexed by Michelle Lelièvre. The interview\ntook place on the afternoon of April 21, 2021 over Zoom. Michelle Lelièvre was in Richmond.\nLauren White was in Williamsburg. Monique Sowell (MS1) and Michelle Seiling (MS2) were in\nthe office of the Hound's Tale in Williamsburg. Sowell and Seiling discuss their relationship with\nAromas Cafe, how they reacted to the early stages of the pandemic, and the adversities they\nfaced. They also discuss the different programs they received financial aid from, as well as\nbusiness plans for the upcoming future.","This description is taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","I interviewed Bishop David Trichler over Zoom. Bishop Trichler about becoming Bishop of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS) in Williamsburg, how his congregation adjusted to COVID health protocols, and his own personal relationship with the Mormon faith.","The description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","This interview was conducted by Colleen Rodgers with Amy Nadel indexing. The interview took\nplace virtually via Zoom at 8:00pm on Tuesday, April 13, 2021. In the interview, Bruton High\nSchool senior Cate Westenberger discusses her life in Williamsburg. She describes her public\nschool experience prior to and during the Covid-19 pandemic, as well as her experience with\nextracurricular activities such as sports and her job at Wythe Candy in Colonial Williamsburg.","This description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team.","This interview was conducted by Ava Coles and indexed by Lauren White. The interview took place on the afternoon of 4/16/21 over Zoom. Becki Wildenburger discussed her engagement with House of Mercy as a Housing Navigator, personal motivations, and House of Mercy's relationship with the Williamsburg community. Ms. Wildenburger detailed the landscape of affordable housing in Williamsburg and discussed how her role has changed during the COVID-19 pandemic.","This interview was conducted by Ava Coles on April 19th, 2021 over Zoom. Ms. Wolosynowski discussed the origins of the Williamsburg House of Mercy and her experience as the founder and executive director. During COVID-19, she forged critical community coalitions to further the mission of her organization and served the Williamsburg community through impressive food and housing services. ","This description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","In this roundtable interview, Colonial Williamsburg Foundation employees Adam Canaday, Janice Canaday, and Paul Undra Jeter join the Director of Engagement at the Muscarelle Museum and visual artist Steve Prince and discuss the memorialization of African American history in Williamsburg, representation in the arts, local and national resistance to historical truth-telling, and visions for honoring African American ancestors. The Canadays discuss how being descendants of the first Black families of Williamsburg shaped both their careers as interpreters of African American history in CW. They also detail the legacy of Black labor in Williamsburg and express their frustrations with current obstacles to include African American representations in museums. Mr. Prince discusses his role as a visual artist, how he incorporates tragic histories within beautiful images, the power of visual representation, and how the lack of African American representation in public spaces harms the community. The narrators ask each other questions and relate their experiences throughout their discussion since this was the first time the CW employees met Steve Prince and the interviewers. The interview was conducted by undergraduate student Katherine 'Kate' Zabinski and indexed by her classmate Jamie Carkenord on April 20, 2022, at the Colonial Williamsburg Interpreters Office located at 427 Franklin Street in Williamsburg, VA. In the roundtable, Zabinski references the conversations she previously had with other community members who share local history with the roundtable participants. The roundtable interview was completed for an oral history research project in AMST 410: The Williamsburg Documentary Project, taught by Professor Michelle Lelièvre.","This description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","This interview was conducted by Jamie Carkenord and was indexed by Katherine Zabinski. The interview was transcribed. The interview took place on the morning of 1/28/2022 over Zoom. Ms. Clark discussed her life story moving across the country multiple times, what her childhood was like, and her college experience as an American Studies major.","This description is taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","In this interview, William and Mary student Jamie Carkenord discusses how and why she chose to pursue an undergraduate degree in American Studies and how the program has influenced her life. Carkenord describes how she chose American Studies because the interdisciplinary elements that allow her to study many topics and choose her own specialization of her interests. She explains how her mother also majored in American studies and how her mother's descriptions of history departments discouraged her from majoring in history. In American Studies, Carkenord found ease in both completing classes and scheduling new ones. Carkenord discusses how her major has increased her interest in Black American history and overall histories of minority groups in the United States, which have been the most rewarding features of her degree work. Carkenord's journey in American studies has changed the way she views social, political, legal, and economic factors of American society and she states that she continues to look for why historical events happen and who made them occur.","This description is taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","This interview was conducted and indexed by Teresa Clark. The interview took place on the afternoon of 04/22/2022 over Zoom. Ms. Cleveland discussed her journey as an artist in places like Chicago, Arizona, Williamsburg, and more. She discussed her artistic medium, the themes she draws on, and how her Williamsburg public art sculptures came to be. Ms. Cleveland also embeds her perspective on Williamsburg's public art scene in a story about coming back to the town herself and becoming a mother.","This description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","In this interview, Christopher Custalow (a citizen of the Oklahoma Cherokee Nation),\nKody Grant (a citizen of the Pueblo of Isleta and a descendant of the Eastern Band of Cherokee\nIndians), and Martin Saniga (a citizen of the Saponi Tribe out of Person County, North Carolina\nand Halifax County, Virginia) discuss their experiences working as American Indian interpreters\nin the tourism industry and the evolution of Indigenous representation in Colonial Williamsburg.\nThe narrators share information about their personal journeys with their cultural identities, the\ndifficulties and rewards about their career, and their hopes for the expansion of American Indian\nprogramming at Colonial Williamsburg.\nThis interview was conducted by Alison Walsh, and it was indexed by Alex Luck. The entire\ninterview was transcribed. The interview took place during the morning of 04/19/2022 on a\nZoom call.","This description was taken from a headnote created by the interview team. ","This interview was conducted, transcribed and indexed by Teresa Clark, The interview took place on the afternoon of 02/18/2022 at the city Municipal Buildings. Williamsburg Public Art Council members and Tourism Development specialist and WPAC staff liaison Joanna Skrabala discussed their role on the council, their view of public art, and the WPAC's work. ","This description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","In this interview, Rev. Dr. Julie Grace discusses how her involvement in the Historic First Baptist Church in Williamsburg, VA throughout her childhood led to her career as a minister and her dedication to preserving African American history. She details her family's history living in Williamsburg and working for the Colonial Williamsburg Foundation, her experiences going to segregated schools, and how many Black residents view the tourism districts differently with their ancestors' dispossessions in mind. Dr. Grace describes how her ancestors' 19th-century lives as successful Black business and landowners along Duke of Gloucester Street, like Alexander Dunlop, and the overall prosperity of the African American community in Williamsburg are neglected histories that need to be commemorated in the city's physical landscape. She also expresses her personal thoughts on memorialization of African American history in the Colonial Capital of Virginia. The interview was conducted by undergraduate student Katherine 'Kate' Zabinski and indexed by her classmate Karissa McDonald on April 25, 2022, using the Zoom video conferencing platform. In the interview, Zabinski references the roundtable discussion she previously conducted with other community members who share local history with Dr. Grace. The interview was completed for an oral history research project in AMST 410: the Williamsburg Documentary Project, taught by Professor Michelle Lelièvre.","This description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","This interview was conducted in-person at the Williamsburg Regional Library in\nWilliamsburg, Virginia during the afternoon of April 28th, 2022. This interview was conducted\nby Kirsten Knisely, and it was indexed by Alison Walsh. Robert Haas was the narrator. Mr. Haas\ndescribed his work as the Director of Program Services at the library. This job allows for him to\nplan and coordinate the live performing arts performances within the library theater. Mr. Haas\ndiscussed the history of performing arts at the library, the role of performing arts in\nWilliamsburg, funding and financial situation of the arts in Williamsburg, and his successes and\nfailures within his job. He also discusses the role of the college and tourism in the success of the\nlibrary. He also discusses the importance of increasing diversity. The interview was recorded\nusing a Zoom audio recording device. The interview was just under an hour.","This description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","In this interview, Williamsburg resident Neill Hollands describes his job as the president\nof the Board of Directors for the Williamsburg Players. Mr. Hollands has been working with the\nWilliamsburg Players for 10 years.. The Players are a non-profit community theater group that\nruns completely out of their theater on Hubbard Lane. The group typically puts on 12 shows a\nyear that are funded by donations, support from the city, and ticket sales. Hollands discusses the\nfinancial situation of the Players and how COVID-19 impacted in-person activities. The\ninterview continues on to discuss the community building aspect of community theater. He\ndescribes how the theater community is very well-loved among the older community within\nWilliamsburg. Hollands discusses the importance of diversity within the Performing arts world,\nand how the Williamsburg Players work to increase diversity, but ultimately sruggle. This\ninterview was completed as a part of Kirsten Knisely's research project on Performing arts in\nWilliamsburg, Virginia. Knisely conducted the interview in-person using zoom audio recording\ntools. The interview took place on April 24th, 2022 at the James-York Playhouse, where the\nWilliamsburg Players are based. This project is associated with the American Studies program,\nand will complete the AMST 410: Williamsburg Documentary Project, taught by Professor\nMichelle Lelievre.","This description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","In this interview, Kirsten Knisely her early childhood and high school years. She\ndescribes her family life and speaks about people she admires. Kirsten grew up in Arlington,\nVirginia and in the interview, she speaks on her high school experience and friendships. Kirsten\ndetails some core memories as well as fandoms she was involved in high school and her beliefs\nin the tooth fairy and Santa. The interview was completed for an assignment in AMST 410:\nWilliamsburg Documentary Project, taught by Professor Michelle Lelièvre.","This description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","This interview was conducted and indexed by Alison Walsh. The entire interview was\ntranscribed using Zoom Video Communications. The interview took place on the\nmorning of 1/30/2022 over Zoom. Ms. Luck describes her life history, including growing\nup in rural North Carolina, grappling with differing viewpoints from her family and\ncommunity, attending the College of William \u0026 Mary, her passions for dance and history,\nand significant influences on her life.","This description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team.","This interview was conducted by Alex Luck and was indexed by Alex Luck. The entire interview was transcribed using Word afterwards. The interview took place on the morning of 1/30/2022 over Zoom. Karissa McDonald discussed topics about different stages of her life, including International Schooling, her college experience, and her plans for graduation. ","This description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","In this interview, former Williamsburg resident Jessika Weaver Miller (daughter of\nWilliamsburg activist Johnette Gordon Weaver and granddaughter of Highland Park resident\nMyrtle Gordon) describes her professional experiences in the U.S. Navy and in insurance work\nand education in Australia. She speaks about joining the Navy after attending the U.S. Naval\nAcademy and starting a family with her Australian husband in Australia. There, she developed\nan interest in local Indigenous cultures and decided to pursue teaching professionally. Miller\ndescribes her decision to teach in the Torres Strait, a remote northern island region populated by\nIndigenous communities. She talks about the challenges of cross-cultural teaching and working\nin a remote school with limited technological resources and low literacy rates, and her effort to\nstart a Navy Cadet program in the area. She then shifts to discuss her own educational experience\nin Williamsburg, Virginia, particularly at Jamestown High School, a majority-white school. She\nspeaks to her involvement with the First Baptist Church in Williamsburg and her relationship\nwith churches in Australia. The interview concludes with a discussion of her two elementary\nschool-aged children and her educational and social goals for them. This interview was\nconducted by undergraduate W\u0026M senior Jamie Carkenord on April 29, 2022 using the Zoom\nvideo conferencing platform. Jessika Miller was Zooming in from Thursday Island, Australia, so\nher local time was 9:00am on April 30th. This interview was completed as part of Carkenord's\nresearch project in AMST 410: Williamsburg Documentary Project, taught by Professor\nMichelle Lelièvre.","This description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","This interview was conducted in-person by Teresa Clark and indexed by Katherine Zabinski at the Culture Fix building located at 410 Francis St. in Williamsburg, VA on the morning of 4/27/2022. Mrs. Wendy Miller discussed her experiences as a long-time resident of Williamsburg who captures local experiences as the director and photographer of Culture Fix.","This description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","This interview was conducted by and indexed by Karissa McDonald. The entire interview was later transcribed using Otter.ai. The interview took place on the afternoon of 4/12/2021 over Zoom. Mr. Russell discussed his life and work history, his experiences with ghost stories, and the famous ghost stories of Williamsburg. ","This description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","In this interview, Martin Saniga, who identifies as Saponi, Native, and American, discusses how growing up in Newport News, Virginia with his white mother and adoptive white father initially made him feel removed from his Saponi culture. He gradually reclaimed his culture by involving himself and making a difference within the Indigenous community of the greater Williamsburg area. On top of his career, he works with an Indigenous youth culture camp and is the president of a nonprofit language revitalization consortium. Mr. Saniga describes his career path: first joining the Coast Guard, later working as a site supervisor for Jamestown Settlement, and now working as an interpreter and head of the American Indian Initiative for Colonial Williamsburg. Mr. Saniga answers questions about the public reception of recent American Indian programming, museum ownership of Indigenous objects, the migration history of the Saponi people, William \u0026 Mary's complicated relationship with the local Indigenous community, and the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on his work. \nThe interview was conducted by undergraduate students Alex Luck and Alison Walsh on February 24th, 2022 using the Zoom video conferencing platform. The interview was indexed by undergraduate students Kirsten Knisely and Karissa McDonald. The interview was completed for the Guest Interview assignment in AMST 410: Williamsburg Documentary Project, taught by Professor Michelle Lelièvre.","\nThis description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","Within this interview on January 30th, 2022 at 10:15am, Kirsten Knisely interviews her peer Alison Walsh. After Alison approves consent to conduct the interview, Kirsten begins her questions. Throughout the interview, Kirsten asks Alison questions concerning her youth and growing up, particularly what she was interested in as a kid and throughout high school. Alison describes her passions for sports and extracurriculars. She also describes her family and their importance to her. Kirsten continues to ask Alison about her time at William and Mary, what she is involved in, and who she spends her time with. Alison talks about her participation in a multitude of extracurricular activities and talks about her closest friends in college. The interview then moves to discussing the future, where Alison describes her plans to be an environmental lawyer and potentially starting a family one day. At the end of the interview, Alison signs the deed of gift form. ","This description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","In this interview, Ms. Johnette Weaver discusses how her personal history and education in Williamsburg, VA shaped her work as an advocate for social justice. She describes her family's arrival in Virginia in the late 17th century, their dislocations, and eventual establishment in Highland Park. Ms. Weaver explains her complicated relationship with the Colonial Williamsburg Foundation alongside her pride in the work she has done as an interpreter there. She tells of her lifelong love of reading and of her choice to attend the historically Black college, Hampton University. Ms. Weaver discusses her social media manager position with Williamsburg Action, a social justice advocacy group that formed in 2020. The interview was conducted by undergraduate students Katherine Zabinski and Teresa Clark on February 15, 2022, using the Zoom video conferencing platform. In the interview, Clark and Zabinski reference the background knowledge they received about Johnette Weaver from assignments conducted in their undergraduate course AMST 410: Williamsburg Documentary Project, taught by Professor Michelle Lelièvre. Both the class assignment observations and interview were completed for an assignment in AMST 410.","This description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team.","In this interview, William and Mary student Katherine Zabinski describes her upbringing in a\nmilitary family, how it exposed her to other cultures and helped inform her passion for American\nhistory, and also describes her path to the college and the love of hip hop DJing she picked up\nhere. Zabinski narrates her family's moves from California to Washington State to Virginia,\nwhere she has lived since middle school. She explains that she does not consider uprooting\nmultiple times a downside, except that she finds it awkward trying to describe where she is from.\nOn the contrary, she describes how living in multiple places exposed her to more diverse\nAmerican cultures, growing familiar with Native and Chicano communities in California,\nIndigenous and Asian-American communities in Washington, and Black communities along with\nother diverse cultures in Virginia. She describes moving to Virginia and the South as a culture\nshock, but enjoyed the diverse geographies along with the diverse cultures: the California\ndeserts, Washington mountains, and Virginia cotton and cornfields. Zabinski describes the roots\nof her interest in history and the way attending predominantly Black middle and high schools\nand becoming friends with Black women inspired her to learn more about African-American\nhistory and American history that acknowledges white supremacy. She narrates how she came to\nbe interested in William \u0026 Mary. Initially having thought to join the military or attend\ncosmetology school, it was her teachers who encouraged her to take summer classes in the\nNIAHD program at the college, causing her to fall in love with the campus and with colonial to\nrevolutionary American history—with Richmond as one focus. Zabinski closes the interview by\ndescribing the extracurricular she has most enjoyed at William and Mary: the SOUL students of\nhip hop legacy club. She describes her involvement in the executive and social media branches\nof the club, and the DJing she had the opportunity to on a large and small scale during her time\nhere.","This description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","In this interview, American Studies and Gender, Sexuality and Women's Studies (GSWS)\nProfessor Leisa Meyer narrates their experience living in Williamsburg, Virginia, and the\nsurrounding areas as it pertains to the Queer community. Professor Meyer begins with detailing\ntheir life as a Professor at William and Mary, how much they care for their students and reform,\nand how they came to be a Professor and long-time resident of Williamsburg. They explain how\nthe surrounding areas of Williamsburg have a more lively Queer presence, and details some of\nthe history behind the notorious Gay/Lesbian bars in these more urbanized towns. Throughout\nthe interview, there are discussions of what qualifies as a Queer space, what Williamsburg and\nthe Queer community in the town can do to advance their presence in the Colonial city, and ends\nwith concluding remarks about Williamsburg as a whole.","This interview is conducted by Natalie Corsello and indexed by Emma Blackwood. The interview is transcribed by Abby Mendez (they/them). The interview took place in person in the Haven on April 16th at 11:00am. Liz Cascone discusses her background in terms of education and her journey leading up to their move to Williamsburg, as well as her thoughts on the difficulties of finding Queer community and spaces as a non-student, non-retiree in Williamsburg.","In this interview, Marcus Banks Jr. discusses his upbringing in the sports world and those who have positively influenced his journey as a basketball player. A native of the Williamsburg and Newport News areas, Banks begins by explaining who introduced him to the game of basketball and how he fell in love with it. He discusses his experience with basketball prior to college, transferring to different high schools, and the process by which he developed his skills on and off the court, as well as how he was able to overcome adversity. He speaks on what the game has meant to him throughout his life, the various coaches who have helped mold him into the young man he is today, and teammates he has had the pleasure of playing alongside. Finally, Marcus elaborates on the countless lessons, skills, and experiences that basketball has afforded him, and how these things can be applied to other areas of his life.","In the following oral history, John McGlennon, a Professor in Government at the College of\nWilliam \u0026 Mary and member of the Board of Supervisors of James City County, Virginia, discusses his\ninterest in politics as a youth, his education and activities at Fordham University and Johns Hopkins\nUniversity, and his participation in the Democratic Party in Williamsburg, Virginia. McGlennon explains\nhow his New York childhood and background as a first-generation college student sparked his initial\ninterest in politics, particularly in the Kennedy presidency. His increasing dissatisfaction with the Johnson\npresidency led McGlennon to become involved in the high school and college newspapers, which instilled\na belief in the consequence of journalism and academia as avenues for influencing politics. McGlennon\ndescribes his impressions of the First Congressional District of Virginia upon arriving in Williamsburg in\n1974, detailing his rise through the local Democratic Party from 1978 to 1981. Finally, he outlines his\n1982 strategy to campaign against then-State Senator Herb Bateman in the general election for the First\nCongressional District of Virginia, including how he solicited PAC funds, participated in\ncandidate-on-candidate debates, and the role of abortion in determining the final vote outcome.\nWilliamsburg Documentary Project student Caleb Fulford conducted the interview on April 2, 2024, at\n9:00 am with an Amcrest USB Microphone. Fulford and indexer Seth Novak reference the class\nassignment involving the interview in AMST 410: Williamsburg Documentary Project, taught by\nProfessor Michelle Lelièvre.","This interview was conducted by Natalie Lopez and was indexed by Abigail Swanberg. This interview was transcribed by Natalie Lopez. It took place on April 17, 2024 in Swem Room 168. Cecilia Weaver discusses her internship experience at Colonial National Historical Park, her other internships and jobs, and her time at William \u0026 Mary. Topics of this interview include interning, archaeology, Geographic Information System (GIS), public history, museum work, and interpretation.","In this interview, Sam Beavin discusses the culture of music in Williamsburg and how people participate in it. He begins with his background of growing up in Parkland, Florida, and what music is common to that area. He then speaks about his involvement in a student band, Halcyon Lane, and their interactions with other bands on campus. He mentions his influences and genre tastes, and how those compare to the music he plays for Halcyon Lane. He then goes on to describe the locations he has played at, such as the Meridian, the Amphitheater, Sadler Center, Merchants' Square, and on a float during the 2023 Homecoming Parade. He elaborates on the people who listen to him play and how they identify, specifically whether there are students or otherwise. Sam concludes that he is more connected to the William and Mary music community, though enjoys those connections and is content with them. The interview was conducted by undergraduate student Seth Novak on April 7th, 2024, using Zoom H8 Digital Recorders in Earl Gregg Swem Library for the American Studies department Williamsburg Documentary Project.","Maureen Anderson was interviewed was by Abigail Swanberg. The interview was indexed by Joey Houska and Anika Ahammad. The entire interview was transcribed. The interview took place on the afternoon of 4/12/2024 in person at 3312 N Riverside Drive Lanexa 23089. The interview contains topics including family, stating a business, creating and running a farmer's market, self-sufficiency, farming, living in a historic house, and COVID-19.","This interview was conducted by Abigail Swanberg and indexed by Caleb Fulford and Gabe Dorsey. The interview occurred on April 26th, 2024, at 1:00 pm in Swem Library Room 118. This interview was conducted as part of the Williamsburg Documentary Project. Joey Houska is a senior at the College of William \u0026 Mary. They started and currently lead the Toano Walking Tour Project. This interview contains topics including revitalization efforts, community, William \u0026 Mary, walking arts, leadership, Ohio, and advocacy work.","In this interview, Abigail Swanberg discusses a condensed \"life history\", beginning with her life and family in Appomattox, Virginia, and continuing on to other topics such as her interest in football and participation in the marching band. She describes her high school experience under Covid-19 and how it differed from her introduction to college. Finally, she ponders her life goals and ultimate aspirations. The interview was conducted by undergraduate student Seth Novak on January 28th, 2024 using the Zoom video conferencing platform. This interview was completed for an assignment in AMST 410: Williamsburg Documentary Project, taught by Professor Michelle Lelièvre.","In this interview, Caleb Fulford discusses his upbringing and how his parents' relative youth and complex relationship impacted him as a child, as well as his relationship with his younger sisters. He also discusses the impact of his friendship with his current roommate Georgia, who he has been friends with since middle school. He describes how his learning difficulties in school encouraged him to join the debate team and, later, pursue a legal career. He also speaks about how his family's religious differences impacted his ideas about politics. The interview was conducted by undergraduate student Natalie Lopez on January 30, 2024 using the Zoom video conferencing platform. This interview was completed for an assignment in AMST 410: Williamsburg Documentary Project, taught by Professor Michelle Lelièvre.","In this interview, Deja Williams discusses her upbringing and college experience. She describes where she is from, schools attended, the decision to come to William \u0026 Mary, and college extracurriculars, including improv comedy and the desire to play an intramural sport.","In this interview, Emma Blackwood discusses her upbringing in Richmond, VA and her experiences through private school preparing her for college. She describes how quarantine impacted her family, as well as her transition to William and Mary. Soon to be graduating, Emma Blackwood outlines her post-college plans for law school, especially in environmental justice advocacy. The interview was conducted by undergraduate student Anika Ahammad on January 29, 2024 using the Zoom video conferencing platform. The interview was completed for an assignment in AMST 410: Williamsburg Documentary Project, taught by Professor Michelle Lelièvre.","In the following interview, Gabe Dorsey discusses his early childhood and how his parents instilled an unwavering dedication to work, discipline, and spirituality. Gabe recalls deriving his name from the biblical archangel Gabriel, who declared to the Virgin Mary that she had been selected to bear the Son of God and served as a touchstone throughout his upbringing. He describes attending church every Sunday with his immediate family—his mother, father, two older brothers, and grandparents—and values the faith he observed between his parents as a marital unit. Gabe also reflects on how family, early education, and recreational athletics led him to pursue and compete in collegiate basketball at the College of William \u0026 Mary. He credits his father, a former college basketball player, with inspiring him and emphasizing the academic benefits of such a sport. I completed the interview for an assignment in the Williamsburg Documentary Project, taught by Professor Michelle Lelièvre.","This interview was conducted by Gabe Dorsey and was indexed by Caleb Fulford. The entire interview was transcribed. The interview took place on the evening of 1/30/2024 over Zoom. Ms. Lopez gives a brief background on her hometown, upbringing, family life, and her ambitions as a motivated William and Mary student. She gives insight regarding her experiences being a kid from the west coast studying on the east coast, a young girl growing up in a Mexican household and a young woman discovering more and more about herself as she travels and grows through life. \"In the words of Walt Whitman, 'we all contain multitudes'\".","In this interview, Seth Novak discusses his experiences moving around Arlington, Virginia. He also talks about his family and the pets that his family has owned over the years, mostly cats. He talks about his experience volunteering at the Heritage Humane Society. Seth Novak also mentioned how he ended up at William \u0026 Mary, his current thoughts on being a senior who is graduating early, and his post-graduation plans.","In this interview, Laura Gonzalez Castro discusses her personal and professional life, their interaction, and what her work means to her. She describes her youth in Havana, Cuba, and how her experiences were similar and different from other citizens. She also discusses her immigration to the United States and the efforts that went into finding work here, bringing her family members, and how she ended up in Virginia. Gonzalez Castro then goes on to talk about her professional life in the Center for Child and Family Services, and how terminology can have a large impact on the clients she takes in, especially those considered \"undocumented\". Interest is also paid to her education in Cuba, as well as personal life, such as travels across Europe and domestically. The interview was conducted by undergraduate students Abby Mendez and Seth Novak on March 5th, 2024, using DGI microphones.","This Williamsburg Documentary Project guest interview was conducted in the dining area in the basement of First Baptist Church in Williamsburg, Virginia. Molly Robinson conducted the interview and Michelle Lelièvre indexed. Students enrolled in the WDP also attended and interacted with Mrs. Montgomery during the interview. Prior to sitting down with us, Mrs. Montgomery gave the class a tour of the historic First Baptist Church. This enriching tour took up much of our class period, so Mrs. Montgomery scheduled a follow-up oral history that took place on April 4, 2024. In this first interview, she discusses growing up in Winter Park, Florida, attending Hungerford High School in Eatonville, FL, traveling and performing with musician Bill Doggett, raising her daughter during her career as a musician, getting married and moving to Williamsburg, starting credit unions in the town, and entering various leadership positions, including Chairperson of the History Ministry at First Baptist Church. The recording is punctuated with sounds of a phone ringing (@ 7:20 and 9:18). Mrs. Montgomery can also be heard speaking to other members of First Baptist who were in the church during the interview (@ 19:27, 36:19, and 49:10). Around 49:00, several students had to excuse themselves to attend another class.","This oral history was a follow-up to the oral history interview conducted with Mrs. Liz Montgomery by the Williamsburg Documentary Project on February 22, 2024. Both interviews were conducted by Molly Robinson, with questions developed by Molly Robinson and Michelle Lelièvre. Given the expansive nature of Mrs. Montgomery's first interview, the WDP invited her to conduct a second interview where we could explore in greater depth some of the many fascinating topics she introduced, including her experience as a jazz vocalist touring with Bill Doggett in the 1960's, her work to establish credit unions at Colonial Williamsburg and Busch Gardens, her work as a mother raising children in Williamsburg, and her leadership at the First Baptist Church. Mrs. Montgomery was very generous with her responses and shared details of her life that she had not previously disclosed publicly. She ended her interview by singing (unrehearsed!) a few bars from \"Sometimes I Feel Like a Motherless Child.\" The Williamsburg Documentary Project was honored to welcome Mrs. Montgomery and receive the gift of her stories.","In the following oral history, Meredith Poole, a Staff Archaeologist with the Colonial Williamsburg Foundation, discusses how discovering a fossil in her backyard at an early age sparked her passion for archaeology. She also cites numerous educators, from her elementary school teacher to a professor with whom Poole traveled to Belize for a semester abroad, as inspiratory figures in the initial development of her almost 39-year career. Poole explains how working on the 1985 excavation of the Shields Tavern site while completing her Master's Thesis for her MA in Anthropology from William \u0026 Mary helped to both ground her roots in the Williamsburg community and provide her with invaluable on-the-ground skills, such as appreciating the value of minute details and archeological storytelling, that would become central in her later work. She discusses her contributions to the 2022 excavation of the First Baptist Church Cite as among her proudest projects, describing the uncovering of such a personal history for the descendant community as a fulfilling process that exemplifies the value of archaeology. Poole also explains how she balanced her dual interests in fieldwork and obligations as a public-facing archaeologist with the Colonial Williamsburg Foundation, recalling as paramount her skills in creative writing and community development. She advises future archaeologists to focus on a specialized field of research that interests them and communicate the relevant knowledge in ways that the general public can understand and appreciate. Williamsburg Documentary Project students Caleb Fulford and Abigail Swanberg conducted the interview on February 20, 2024, at 2:00 pm with a Zoom H4N and DGI microphones provided by graduate student Molly Robinson. Fulford, Swanberg, and indexer Natalie Lopez reference the class assignment involving the interview in AMST 410: Williamsburg Documentary Project, taught by Professor Michelle Lelièvre.","This interview was conducted by Natalie Corsello and Emma Blackwood and was indexed by Anika Ahammad. The entire interview was transcribed. The interview took place on the afternoon of 2/13/2024 in person at Boswell Hall Room# 40 on 100 Ukrop Way, Williamsburg, VA. Tijuana Reeve discussed her journey to William \u0026 Mary, her advocacy in the Cape Henry Project, and also her personal experiences with pregnancy, stillbirth, and motherhood.","In this interview, Diane Langhorst discusses her experience of belonging and community as a student at the College of William and Mary in the class of 1968, detailing her life in chapters. She discusses the impact of being the middle child and the oldest daughter growing up in the church and transitioning to becoming a student. Further, she recalls the cultural changes of living in Williamsburg, as her parents didn't visit and there were no black students on campus,\nstating that the campus was isolated and segregated. She recounts how her religion fostered community, enabling a closer connection between her and her friends. She discusses how William and Mary felt insulated, how she felt little connection to the community outside of campus, and comments on the lack of news and political discussion. Diane cites the liberal arts education at the college as the inspiration for her study of sociology and subsequent career in social work. This interview was conducted by undergraduate students Caroline Cromwell and Leah Schrum and was indexed by Sarah Kinlaw. The interview took place in the Samuel E. Jones building on the William and Mary campus on the afternoon of 3/6/2025. This interview was conducted for research purposes by the Williamsburg Documentary Project, taught by\nMolly Robinson and Tijuana Reeve.","This description is taken from the headnote for the oral history. ","In this interview, Zach Meredith discusses how his experience as a student at William and Mary shaped his understanding of community and belonging. He discusses how he was drawn to W\u0026M for its intellectual community, and subsequently found his community through the American Studies department and the Williamsburg Documentary Project course. Further, Zach details how the WDP exposed him to new ways of approaching history through archive work and understanding of his positionality. He recounts how his research on the Triangle Block during the WDP developed into his senior thesis project, \"Urban Renewal in the Colonial Capital: Contextualizing the Williamsburg Redevelopment \u0026 Housing Authority\"(2019). Now teaching at the same high school in Durham, North Carolina that he attended as a student, Zach\nhopes to develop a Durham History elective, incorporating aspects from the WDP. This interview was conducted by undergraduate students Sarah Kinlaw and Leah Schrum and was indexed by Caroline Cromwell. The interview took place in the Samuel E. Jones building on the William and Mary campus and on Zoom on the afternoon of 3/4/2025. This interview was conducted for research purposes by the Williamsburg Documentary Project, taught by Molly Robinson and Tijuana Reeve.","Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.","Special Collections Research Center","American Studies Program","Economic Development","Blayton, James Blaine, Sr., (Dr.)","Casey, Carlton","Glosson, Sarah","Arthur Knight","Doyle, Margetta Hirsch (Margetta Hirsch Doyle)","Etheridge, Jeanne","Willard Gilley","George Greenia","Heacox, Thomas (Thomas Lee), 1943-2024","Lois Hornsby","Louise Lambert Kale","Langton, Helen","Ann Ward Little, Daughter of Archibald F. Ward, Jr.","McKnight, Joyce","Mendez, Jennifer Bickham","Nichol, Gene R., 1951-","Oxrieder, Julia W.","Frances Robb (Frances Robb)","Sternberg, Ethel (Ethel Sternberg)","Taylor, Rodney B. (Rodney B. Taylor)","Sullivan, Timothy J.","Sikk, Helis","Gift of Mary Geiger","Granger, Gil (Gilbert Lofton), 1935-2023","Zhang, Benny, 1994- (Benming)","English"],"unitid_tesim":["UA 351","/repositories/2/resources/9022"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Williamsburg Documentary Project"],"collection_title_tesim":["Williamsburg Documentary Project"],"collection_ssim":["Williamsburg Documentary Project"],"repository_ssm":["College of William and Mary"],"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"geogname_ssm":["Williamsburg (Va.)--History","Williamsburg (Va.)--Maps","Williamsburg (Va.)--Newspapers"],"geogname_ssim":["Williamsburg (Va.)--History","Williamsburg (Va.)--Maps","Williamsburg (Va.)--Newspapers"],"creator_ssm":["American Studies Program"],"creator_ssim":["American Studies Program"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["American Studies Program"],"creators_ssim":["American Studies Program"],"places_ssim":["Williamsburg (Va.)--History","Williamsburg (Va.)--Maps","Williamsburg (Va.)--Newspapers"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Acc. 2009.030 received 2/16/2009 from the Williamsburg Documentary Project via Jenna Simpson. Acquisition information for material received after 7/13/2009 is available by consulting a Special Collections Research Center staff member."],"access_subjects_ssim":["College of William and Mary--History--20th century","Colonial Williamsburg Foundation--History","Interviews","Williamsburg, Battle of, Williamsburg, Va., 1862","Clippings (information artifacts)","Photographs","Transcripts","Newsletters"],"access_subjects_ssm":["College of William and Mary--History--20th century","Colonial Williamsburg Foundation--History","Interviews","Williamsburg, Battle of, Williamsburg, Va., 1862","Clippings (information artifacts)","Photographs","Transcripts","Newsletters"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["9.45 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["9.45 Linear Feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Clippings (information artifacts)","Photographs","Transcripts","Newsletters"],"date_range_isim":[1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePortions of this collection may be restricted for privacy reasons. Consult a staff member for assistance. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBox 11 contains restricted material. Please consult a staff member for further assistance. This is a temporary series and will be deleted once it has been integrated with the existing collection. The series contains oral histories, final reports, and map diaries by students in the Williamsburg Documentary Project course at William and Mary. Box 9 is unrestricted.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSwem library use only\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMaterials are accessible to researchers at Swem Library only.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMaterials accessible to researchers at Swem Library only.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMaterial accessible to researchers in Swem Library only.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSwem library use only\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMaterial access restricted to researchers at Swem Library only.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSwem library use only\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDeed of Gift is missing.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInterview is restricted pending a removal of certain content from the transcript and digital file.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access:","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Portions of this collection may be restricted for privacy reasons. Consult a staff member for assistance. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","Box 11 contains restricted material. Please consult a staff member for further assistance. This is a temporary series and will be deleted once it has been integrated with the existing collection. The series contains oral histories, final reports, and map diaries by students in the Williamsburg Documentary Project course at William and Mary. Box 9 is unrestricted.","Swem library use only","Materials are accessible to researchers at Swem Library only.","Materials accessible to researchers at Swem Library only.","Material accessible to researchers in Swem Library only.","Swem library use only","Material access restricted to researchers at Swem Library only.","Swem library use only","Deed of Gift is missing.","Interview is restricted pending a removal of certain content from the transcript and digital file."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe American Studies Program offers students the opportunity to engage with the complex and diverse histories of cultural, racial, and national encounters that, like those of our local area, have come to shape the past and present of the United States, and the Americas. In a rigorous, yet flexible environment of intellectual inquiry, students develop the critical skills that allow them not only to pursue rewarding careers, but to serve as responsible citizens of the 21st Century.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Note:"],"bioghist_tesim":["The American Studies Program offers students the opportunity to engage with the complex and diverse histories of cultural, racial, and national encounters that, like those of our local area, have come to shape the past and present of the United States, and the Americas. In a rigorous, yet flexible environment of intellectual inquiry, students develop the critical skills that allow them not only to pursue rewarding careers, but to serve as responsible citizens of the 21st Century."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eVERY IMPORTANT: Anyone quoting from or making substantial use of the oral histories collected here should consider THE SOUND RECORDINGS THE DEFINITIVE SOURCE. Transcripts, indexes, and key words are only tools meant to help guide users to the sound recordings. Most of these interviews were done by WDP student-interviewers. Most interviews combine a life history format with some questioning specific to a student-interviewer's research interests. As part of their training, WDP students do some group interviews and also interview one another, and the collection also contains these recordings. Additionally, the collection gathers some recordings that were done by other groups—for example, local volunteers helping commemorate Williamsburg's 300th anniversary. All oral history interviews conducted by the WDP are done following the Oral History Association's principles and best practices guidelines. Each record in the digital archive contains: a) a sound recording of an interview (WAV format; some MP3 format); a few recordings have been edited to reflect restrictions; some recordings are available for use only on-site in Swem Library's Special Collections b) an image of the Deed of Gift relevant to the interview (PDF or TIFF format) c) a \"live index\" to the recording (PDF format); these indexes were made by assistants to the main interviewer during the interview and, using time code, give a rough guide to major topics covered in the interview. d) a \"headnote\" (PDF format); written by the main interviewer, headnotes give some basic information on the circumstances in which the interview took place and highlight some key topics covered in the interview. Many records also contain: e) an interview transcript, which incorporates the headnote described above (PDF format); prepared by the main interviewer, transcripts attempt to render the dialogue of the interview in a way that is quickly searchable. SCHOLARS WISHING TO QUOTE, SYNOPSIZE, OR REFERENCE A WDP ORAL HISTORY SHOULD ALWAYS CHECK THE TRANSCRIPT AGAINST THE INTERVIEW RECORDING. Some records may also contain: f) scans of documents or photographs (TIFF files) related to the interviewee or topics covered in the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDavis does not wanted monetary publications to use her interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAn edited version of this oral history is being made available to researchers at the request of the interviewee.\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","General","General"],"odd_tesim":["VERY IMPORTANT: Anyone quoting from or making substantial use of the oral histories collected here should consider THE SOUND RECORDINGS THE DEFINITIVE SOURCE. Transcripts, indexes, and key words are only tools meant to help guide users to the sound recordings. Most of these interviews were done by WDP student-interviewers. Most interviews combine a life history format with some questioning specific to a student-interviewer's research interests. As part of their training, WDP students do some group interviews and also interview one another, and the collection also contains these recordings. Additionally, the collection gathers some recordings that were done by other groups—for example, local volunteers helping commemorate Williamsburg's 300th anniversary. All oral history interviews conducted by the WDP are done following the Oral History Association's principles and best practices guidelines. Each record in the digital archive contains: a) a sound recording of an interview (WAV format; some MP3 format); a few recordings have been edited to reflect restrictions; some recordings are available for use only on-site in Swem Library's Special Collections b) an image of the Deed of Gift relevant to the interview (PDF or TIFF format) c) a \"live index\" to the recording (PDF format); these indexes were made by assistants to the main interviewer during the interview and, using time code, give a rough guide to major topics covered in the interview. d) a \"headnote\" (PDF format); written by the main interviewer, headnotes give some basic information on the circumstances in which the interview took place and highlight some key topics covered in the interview. Many records also contain: e) an interview transcript, which incorporates the headnote described above (PDF format); prepared by the main interviewer, transcripts attempt to render the dialogue of the interview in a way that is quickly searchable. SCHOLARS WISHING TO QUOTE, SYNOPSIZE, OR REFERENCE A WDP ORAL HISTORY SHOULD ALWAYS CHECK THE TRANSCRIPT AGAINST THE INTERVIEW RECORDING. Some records may also contain: f) scans of documents or photographs (TIFF files) related to the interviewee or topics covered in the interview.","Davis does not wanted monetary publications to use her interview.","An edited version of this oral history is being made available to researchers at the request of the interviewee."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWilliamsburg Documentary Project Collection, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Williamsburg Documentary Project Collection, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAcc. 2009.030 accessioned and minimally described by Amy C. Schindler, University Archivist, in 2/2009. Acc. 2010.311 accessioned and minimally described by Steven Bookman, University Archives Specialist, in 5/2010. All accessions were integrated and processed by David Ward, SCRC Graduate Apprentice, from October 2013-January 2014. Acc. 2015.148 accessioned and minimally described by Steven Bookman, University Archives Specialist, in June 2015.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information:"],"processinfo_tesim":["Acc. 2009.030 accessioned and minimally described by Amy C. Schindler, University Archivist, in 2/2009. Acc. 2010.311 accessioned and minimally described by Steven Bookman, University Archives Specialist, in 5/2010. All accessions were integrated and processed by David Ward, SCRC Graduate Apprentice, from October 2013-January 2014. Acc. 2015.148 accessioned and minimally described by Steven Bookman, University Archives Specialist, in June 2015."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDigital content documents from the Williamsburg Documentary Project, including some interviews, are available at William \u0026amp; Mary Libraries Digital Collections \u003cextref href=\"https://digital.libraries.wm.edu/williamsburg-documentary-project\" title=\"453\"\u003e\u003c/extref\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials:"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Digital content documents from the Williamsburg Documentary Project, including some interviews, are available at William \u0026 Mary Libraries Digital Collections  ."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is composed of material collected and created by the Williamsburg Documentary Project. The Williamsburg Documentary Project conducts oral history interviews and builds physical and digital archives, as well as other activities, through which it interprets the past of Williamsburg, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe collection includes publications, news clippings, interviews, and planning documents about Merchant's Square, New Town, food, immigration, as well as events related to Williamsburg history. Events documented in this collection include the removal of a cross from the chapel in the William \u0026amp; Mary Wren Building at the direction of College President Gene R. Nichol. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis sub-series contains oral history interviews from 1995-2012. Interviewees consist primarily of William \u0026amp; Mary students, William \u0026amp; Mary Faculty, and Williamsburg and James City County residents. Interviews have related oral history materials in the William \u0026amp; Mary digital archive. The suberies is arranged in alphabetical order by last name of interviewee.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFile contains deed of gift, detailed, time-stamped summary of interview, and written summary of oral history interview conducted by Graham DeZarn. Mr. Abbott speaks about his family history, the work his architectural firm does, and the importance of understanding the history of the area. He speaks about the progect at Polegreen Church in Hanover County, VA and the preservation of historic and agricultural land.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis sub- series contains oral history deeds, transcripts and notes from 1995-2012.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFinal papers for student projects consist of a variety of subjects on the community life and culture within Williamsburg and surrounding environs. Some of these topics have related oral history and digital materials in the William \u0026amp; Mary digital archive. This series contains student project map diaries from 2008-2012. Students track their locations and movements for a 24 hour period to construct a map diary of their day. There is no prescribed format for the map diary. The bulk of the series is arranged by project title.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePlease note that select student papers are restricted from viewing due to privacy. Please consult with a staff member for assistance. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series contains research materials on the following subjects: : Old Town/New Town, Food and Poverty in Williamsburg and Wren Cross controversy, Battle of Williamsburg Commemoration, J1 Work Visas, Retirement in Williamsburg and Development of Quarterpath Road. There are also oral history materials from the Grass Roots Theater (1998-1999). Old Town/New Town: Merchants Square material, Merchants Square Real Estate Operations, The NewTowner magazines, Next Door Neighbor magazine, and newspaper clippings for 2007. Food and Poverty in Williamsburg: USDA Brochures (2007), Statistics, Information, Advertisements (2010), SHIP (2010), Food Bank Study (2004), Community Health Report (2005) Wren Cross controversy: Emails, Websites and notes used in compiling final report. Battle of Williamsburg Commemoration: Notes J1 Work Visas: Briefings, Regulations, Court Case, and notes used in compiling final report. All from 2010. Retirement in Williamsburg: Reports and Brochures, Journal Articles, Tourism directory, and newspaper clippings.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWilliamsburg, Virginia, Traffic Lights, 35 x 21 cm, color Williamsburg, Virginia, Original City and Subsequent Annexation, 28 x 43cm, Color, ca 1984 Williamsburg, Virginia,, Williamsburg in the '20 and '30s, 21 x 28cm, Black \u0026amp; White James City County, 29.5 x 43cm, color, 2006 Williamsburg, Virginia, Comprehensive Plan, 42.5 x 54.5 cm, color, 2006 Williamsburg, Virginia, Zoning Districts, 1 of 3, 42.5 x 34 cm, color, February 13, 2003 Williamsburg, Virginia, Architectual Review Distircts, 42.5 x 34 cm, 2 of 3, color, March 9, 2006 Williamsburg, Virginia, Zoning Districts, 3 of 3, 42.5 x 34 cm, color, February 13, 2003 Williamsburg, Virginia, Zoning Map, 91 x 58 cm, black \u0026amp; white, July 1, 1966, 2 copies Williamsburg, Virginia, Zoning Map, 91 x 58 cm, black \u0026amp; white, August,1972, Res'C', March 26, 1981 Williamsburg, Virginia, Zoning Map, 91 x 58 cm, black \u0026amp; white, August,1972, ' March 23, 1987, 2 copies Williamsburg, Virginia, Zoning Map, 91 x 58 cm, black \u0026amp; white, August,1972, January 1, 1975, 2 copies Williamsburg, Virginia, Zoning Map, 91 x 58 cm, black \u0026amp; white, July 1964 Williamsburg, Virginia, Real Property Grid Index, 91 x 58 cm, color, July 13, 2004\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAl Albert is the a former soccer coach at William and Mary and is credited with founding the Tidewater Soccer camp. He speaks about his background and the founding of the camp. Folder contains a summary and index of the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDouglas Austin speaks about his time growing up in the Williamsburg James City County School System and his time at Bruton Heights, previously and African American only school. Folder contains and index and transcript of the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDr. Bernacki is a general practitioner who has been practicing in Williamsburg since the 1980s. Dr. Bernacki speaks about his past as a medical student at Georgetown, his time as a physician in the Air Force, the growth he has seen in the Williamsburg medical community, and his belief in the Affordable Care Act (ACA). Folder contains a summary and index of the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDr. Brown speaks about the past medical community of Williamsburg and his disagreement with the Affordable Care Act (ACA). Folder contains a summary and index of the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLauren Brown speaks about growing up in Williamsburg and the tourism industry. Folder contains an index of the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSarah Cate-Pizarro is a student at William and Mary and speaks about her life in Richmond, VA, he plans for the future, her travels, and her family. Folder contains an index and transcript of the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLinda Chemlow has been in Williamsburg since 1989 and speaks about her work in the medical field including her personal and professional attitudes towards the Affordable Care Act (ACA). Folder contains a summary and index of the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJohn Daly is the Head Women's Soccer Coach at William and Mary College. He speaks about how he got involved in soccer and his work at the Tidewater Soccer Camp as a coach. The file contains a transcript of the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMrs. Elston is the president of the Williamsburg chapter of the William and Mary Alumni Association. She speaks about the association, changes in Williamsburg since she was a student, her and her family's involvement in the community, and her relationship with the US Navy. The folder contains a summary and index of the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMr. Hamant is the former director of Evening and Special Programs at Colonial Williamsburg. He spoke about how he came to Williamsburg, his time as a Senior Archeologist for Colonial Williamsburg, and his development of popular ghost tours in Colonial Williamsburg. The folder contains a transcript of the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJane Hanson is the supervisor of the Governor's Musick Ensemble. She gives a comprehensive history of early music performance, the benefits and drawbacks of a resident ensemble, and the difficulties the ensemble face. The folder contains a summary of the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMayor Clyde Haulmand describes his previous involvement on the Board for the local chapter of Big Brothers Big Sisters. He also discusses how the city of Williamsburg addresses the problem of at-risk and disadvantaged youth. The folder contains a summary and index of the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSister Rose Morris is a teacher at Walsingham Academy, a Catholic school in Williamsburg. Mary Johnston was a student and teacher at Walsingham and at the time of the interview works as the vice principal of the lower school. Sister Rose speaks of the school's history and its religious diversity. Mary speaks about being a non-Catholic student and teacher at the school. Both speak about the schools relationship to the community. The folder contains an index and transcript of the inteview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMrs. Jowett is the Career and Technical Education Curriculum leader at Jamestown High. Mrs. Jowett speaks about her experiences with the supernatural at the high school as well as encounters at her home in Yorktown. The folder contains a summary and index of the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMs. King is the CEO at the Greater Virginia Peninsula branch of Big Brothers Big Sisters. Ms. King discusses the function and organization of this chapter as well as its fundraisers and events. This folder contains an index and transcript of the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJudy Knudson is the executive director of Olde Towne Medical Center. She speaks about the growing number of retirees in the community, the growth of the medical field in Williamsburg, and the benefits of the Affordable Care Act (ACA). The folder contains a summary, index, and transcript of the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJake Lewitz is an senior at William and Mary College. He discusses his hometown of Marin, California and what it was like growing up there. He also discussed his busy schedule and many school activities. Jake Lewitz is interested in the Public Health sector. This folder contains an index and transcript of the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProfessor Marshall teaches at William and Mary and was member of the Governor's Musick ensemble. Prof. Marshall speaks of the benefits of playing in a small resident ensemble as well as the lack of support by the Colonial Williamsburg Foundation. The folder contains a summary and index of the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eKalynn McLane is a student at William and Mary American Studies program. She speaks about her family, her love of William and Mary, her academics, and her summer study abroad in Cape Town. The folder contains an index and transcript of the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMr. Moss's speaks of his musical life prior to beginning to play withthe Governor's Musick ensemble, his musical travel, and teaching life. He also give a history of the music that would have been played in the colonial era in Williamsburg. In a follow up interview Mr. Moss discusses the role that the Governor's Musick has played within the living museum and the nature of their engagements while he has been a member. Mr. Moss also discussed the changing attitudes towards music in society todya and his uncertainty about the groups future. The folder contains summaries and indexes for both interviews.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHannah Ostroff is a student at William and Mary. She speaks about her childhood and her decision to attend William and Mary as well as her time at the school. Ostroff speaks about her experiences with the William and Mary Choir and Sinfonicron. The folder contains an index and transcript of the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLance Pedigo speaks about his love of music growing up and how he now runs the Fife and Drum Corps in Williamsburg. The folder contains indices of the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMrs. Pedigo works in the Williamsburg-James City County public school system. She speaks about her time working at Matthew Whaley Elementary School and working in the media center at Rawls Byrd Elementary School. She discusses the changes to the city and the school system since she began working in Williamsburg in 1959. The folder contains a summary and index of the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMr. and Mrs. Perkins are both graduates of William and Mary and speak about their time as active participants in Greek life on campus. They discuss the changes to Williamsburg and William and Mary since their graduation as well as their current church life and as members of the Olde Guarde Council. The folder contains an index and transcript of the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMr. Carnifax is the Director of Parks and Recreation for James City County and Mr. Powell is the Assistant City Manager. They speak about athletics and local field use. They also speak about the Warhill Sports Complex, what it provides the community, and how youth athletics can economically benefit the community. This folder contains a summary of the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRachel Quinones is a student at William and Mary. She speaks about her childhood, religion, music, and her impending graduation. The folder contains an index and transcript of the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMr. Riley speaks about the Kimball theater and film in Williamsburg. The folder contains indices of the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMr. Scrofani speaks about the Williamsburg Indoor Sports Complex, how it was created and funded, and the impact the WISC has on the community. The folder contains a summary of the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWillie Shaw is a student at William and Mary. He speaks about his childhood, his family, his passion for athletics, and his relationship with music. He also speaks about how he came to William and Mary and his plans for the future. The folder contains an index and transcript of the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLauren Stephenson is a student at William and Mary. She speaks about her childhood, growing up in suburban Chicago, her Jewish community, and her TV journalist experience. She also speaks about her experiences at William and Mary. The folder contains a transcript of the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLisa Thomas has been a Big Sister through the local chapter of Big Brothers Big Sisters since 1985. She discusses her role and responsiblities of a Big Sister and her personal experiences with her Little Sisters. In the follow up interview Lisa Thomas speaks about her experience at Eastern State Hospital, how her work for Child Development Resources (CDR) fits into the Williamsburg community assisting disabled children, at-risk children, and those that come from non-English speaking families, and how changing legislation and federal grant money alters the CDR's focus. The folder contains summaries and indices of the interviews.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJacqueline Vasquez is a student at William and Mary. She discusses her childhood in Texas and her relationships with her family. She speaks about her middle and high school experiences such as participation in student government and sports. She also speaks about her decision to come to William and Mary and her involvement in Phi Beta Phi Sorority, the Club Lacross team, and her volunteer work at the Democratic National Convention in 2012. This folder contains a transcript of the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMr. Watson is the longest-working musician of the Governor's Musick Ensemble. He speaks about the historical musical performace practices and institutional knowledge. He discusses the transition in Colonial Williamsburg to historically accurate music practices, his own history with early music and the role of the Governor's Musick at the institution. The folder contains an index and transcript of the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe four narrators are all William and Mary Alumni who reside in the Williamsburg Landing Retirement Community. The residents share stories from their time at William and Mary, speak about their love of the College, what has changed since they were students, why they decided to move to Williamsburg, why they remain involved in the College community, and why they think alumni retire to Williamsburg and other college towns. The folder contains a summary of the conversation as well as short biographies of the four narrators.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLynn Wolfe works in administration at Child Development and speaks about the fundraising efforts of CDR as well as CDR's connection with insurance companies, public schools, and the community in general. She also speaks about her time at William and Mary and her reasons for living in Williamsburg. The folder contains a summary and index of the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTimothy Wolfe work in the College of William and Mary Admissions Office. He previously worked at Walsingham Academy for two years in the early 2000s as their Director of College Counseling. He speaks about enjoying his time at Walsingham, his experiences as a non-Catholic staff member, and the perception of Walsingham in the community. The folder contains a summary and index of the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eKris Yeager is a student at William and Mary. He speaks about his childhood and family as well as his gymnastics career as part of the Varsity gymnastics team at William and Mary. He discusses his struggles with gymnastics due to medical issues and his future as part of Teach for America in Las Vegas. The folder contains and index and transcript of the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolder contains brief biographies of the students taking part in the Williamsburg Documentary Project (WDP) in 2013.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWDP student Sarah Cate-Pizarro's final project on ghost lore and ghost tours in Williamsburg. The folder contains copy and description of a survey map of Williamsburg, several advertisements for various ghost tours, and a research paper.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe folder contains a research paper on responses to the Affordable Care Act (ACA) in Williamsburg and excerpts from the Virginia Gazette on national health care reform.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolder contains a research paper on Big Brothers Big Sisters of Williamsburg.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe folder contains various articles, studies, and webpages about Big Brothers Big Sisters printed out as well as various documents from the organization.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe folder contains various program guides for Colonial Williamsburg, an article by Rohald Broude about music in Colonial Williamsburg in Early Music America, and a research paper about the Governor's Musick in Colonial Williamsburg.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe folder contains a research paper about Walsingham Academy.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe folder contains a research paper about youth athletics in Williamsburg\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe folder contains a research paper about William and Mary alumni retiring in Williamsburg.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolder contains a research paper on the evolution of the Williamsburg-James City County School System.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe folder contains a research paper about Child Developent Resources (CDR) in Williamsburg.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe folder contains a written description of student Rachel Quinones's map diary project which details a map of her day.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolder contains several maps and a reflective essay.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolder contains maps and relfective essay.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolder contains maps and a reflective essay.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolder contains maps and a reflective essay.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolder contains a map and a reflective essay.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolder contains maps and a reflective essay.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolder contains maps and a reflective essay.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolder contains maps and a reflective essay.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolder contains a variety of research papers on various topics in Williamsburg such as the LGBTQ community, downtown Williamsburg, the WCWM-FM which is William and Mary's radio station, alternative education, agriculture, local food, the Catholic community, Gene Nichol who is the 26th president of the College of William and Mary, racism inx the mid-20th century, and Meridian Coffeehouse.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe folder contains maps and reflective essays.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolder contains a research paper on the Temple Beth El and Jewish community of Williamsburg.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe folder contains a research report on Williamsburg 2009 3-person rule zoning ordinance.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe folder contains a research paper on the Kingsmill gated community and overall perceptions of gated communities in Williamsburg.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolder contains a research on the Magruder community which was displaced when Camp Peary was established. Additionally, the folder contains copies of relevant photographs and reports.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMr. Boelt's family has a long history in Williamsburg and as a history buff he has a great deal of knowledge of the Williamsburg area, especially surrounding William and Mary. He speaks about how Williamsburg has changed, specifically in relation to the three person zoning rule and the transition of his childhood home on Richmond Ave. becoming a rental. The folder contains an index and transcript of the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eChris Connolly serves on the City Planning Commission fot the city government and the branch that enforces the three-person rule. The folder contains a summary and index of the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMrs. Fleck speaks about her history as a military wife before coming to Williamsburg and running the Applewood Bed and Breakfast. She also discussed being a newcomer to the hospitality industry, the relationship between the Bed and Breakfast Network and the local government, and the importance of an internet prescence and marketing. The folder contains a summary, index, and transcrip of the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMr. Goddin is a vocal opponent of the three-person zoning rule and advocated for an expansion to four people. He speaks about the tension at the time (late 2000s), his arrival in Williamsburg, his neighborhood through the years, his thoughts on current compromises to the rule, his position as a homeowner, and his perspectives on how to move forward balancing student and resident concerns. The folder contains a summary and index of the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBruce Larson is a civilian working for the Department of Defense (Navy) as the Senior Archaeologist and Cultural Resources Branch Head for Naval Facilities Engineering Command (NAVFAC). Mr. Larson speaks about his education, career, the value of interdisciplinary methodology when working with cultural resources, and the 1966 National Historic Preservation Act. The folder contains an index and transcript of the interview as well as a copy of Mr. Larson's curriculum vitae.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMr. McGurk is a media correspondent for Kingsmill United. He speaks on how he came to Williamsburg, his experience as a Kingsmill resident, and the history of Kingsmill. The folder contains an index and transcript of the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTyler Morris currently lives at Fred Boelt's childhood home and sheds some light on how the property is used today and what the surrounding neighborhood is like. Tyler discusses her experience with the property, the neighborhood, the three-person rule, and Williamsburg in general. The folder contains a summary and index of the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAmanda Morrow currently lives at CityGreen Apartments on Richmond Rd. and currently violates the three-person rule. She discusses her previous housing in Williamsburg, her reasons for moving off-campus, her current living situation, and the three-person rule more broadly. The folder contains an index and transcript of the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSamuel Powell is a retired judge who discusess his work witht he Powhatan statue outside the courthouse and the Atlantic community concept that should be completed with two additional statues in the newr future. He speaks of the history of James City County courthouses as well as his involvement with Anheuser-Busch when he worked in private practice as a lawyer in Williamsburg, VA. The folder contains an index and transcript of the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCaroline Raschbaum speaks about her experiences being born and growing up in a household with two opposing religions, finding a passion for Judaism at a young age, Judaism in Williamsburg, the concept of diaspora, and safe spaces for Jews in Williamsburg. The folder contains an index and transcript for the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolder contains maps and written reports.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe folder contains a research paper on hispanic communities in Williamsburg as well as an adult student registration form and a document from William and Mary written in Spanish.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe folder contains a research paper on the exstence of homelessness in relation to Williamsburg, Virginia's tourist economy.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe folder contains a research paper on protesters in Williamsburg as well as an NAACP brochure, copies of posters for Black Lives Matter, a message on a task force on Preventing Sexual Assult and Harrassment, a program for the Lemon Project Spring Symposium titled \"Ghosts of Slavery: The Afterlives of Racial Bondage\", and a CD.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe folder contains a research paper on bicycling in Williamsburg, a series of printed emails on bicycling in Williamsburg, a pamphlet for the ride cycling club at the YMCA, a series of printed letters requesting interviews, The Williamsburg, James City, and York regional bicycle facilities plan from 1997, printed slides from March 26, 2015 WATA Transit Riders Advisory Committee, amap of James City County, a pamphlet for BikeBeat, the Flying Wheel newsletter from April 2015, several more pamphlets on where to ride bikes in the area, and a syllabus for a class on bicycling basics from William and Mary.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe folder contains a research paper on public housing in Williamsburg, a copy of an application for admission to the public housing system, and a copy of a residential lease agreement that all tenants of the WRHA musst sign.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe folder contains a research paper on the influence of bus drivers on their students.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe folder contains a research paper on food security in Grove, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMr. Briggs speaks about growing up in Williamsburg, his medical diagnosis that left him unable to work, and his residence in public housing, specifically the Katherine Circle Apartments. The folder contains a summary and index of the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMs. Burton works for the Williamsburg Redevelopment and Housing Authority (WRHA) and speaks on the mission of the WRHA, the process of applying to public housing with the WRHA, how the lease works, and her feelings on the structure of the public housing system. The folder contains an index and transcript of the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLamar Gray is a 21-year old man who grew up and currently resides in Grove. He speaks on how he ate when he was a wrestler, how he eats now, how he eats healthy, and how he thinks about food. The folder contains an index of the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMs. Heard speaks about her childhood in \"White City\", her various professions, her relationship with Colonial Williamsburg, and her experiences as a union organizer and protestor. The folder contains an index and transcript of the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTerry Jones is a resident of a public housing complex managed by the Williamsburg Redevelopment and Housing Authority (WRHA). They speak about their life history and experiences with housing. The folder contains an index and transcript of the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDorcas Juarez discusses her life in Williamsburg at church, at work, and about the challenges and discrimination that comes from speaking little English. She also speaks about her family, the Latino community, and her journey from El Salvador to Williamsburg. The interview is primarily in Spanish. The folder contains a summary and index of the interview, both in English.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFred Liggin is a pastor at the Williamsburg Christian Church and the founder and president of 3E Restoration which uses mutual relationships to equip and empower homeless individuals to transition to self-sufficiency in everyday life. Mr. Liggin speaks about poverty and homelessness in Williamsburg, his hope for creating systemic change, and his belief that college students can/ have a powerful voice in changing the conversation surrounding homelessness. The folder contains an index and transcript of the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGrace Martien discusses riding the Williamsburg James City County school bus from when she began middle school in 2006  through her senior year of high school. She mainly speaks about her interactions and relationships with bus drivers and the social stratification evident on the bus itself. The folder contains an index and transcript of the summary.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReed Nester is the director of City Planning and discusses how he has changed bicycling in Williamsburg over the last 20 years, his daily commute to and from work, and his involvement with planning out bicycle paths and lanes in Williamsburg. The folder contains a summary, index, and transcript of the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRobert and Sharon own a bike shop called Red Barn Bikes in New Kent County. They discuss their time biking in Williamsburg, their beilief that James City County is not working with bicyclists, their belief that Capital Trail is essential to growing the biking community, and the reasons they opened up their bicycle shop. The folder contains a summary and index of the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSam Smith speaks about Williamsburg's Office of Real Estate Assessment, the city's property values, and how those values are assigned. The folder contains an index and transcript of the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBrenda Tejada discusses her life in Williamsburg at work, with systems like social services, and the overall difficulties she faces from being Latino. She talks about her family the Latino community, and her journey from El Salvador to Williamsburg. The interview is in both English and Spanish. The folder contains an index (in English) and a transcript (in a mix of English and Spanish) of the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRich Thompson discusses his time bicycling in Williamsburg, his involvement with cyclists at the College of William and Mary. He also speaks about his personal reasons for commuting to and from work via bicycle each day. The folder contains a summary and index of the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMary Turnbull is a bicyclist in Williamsburg and a founding member of the Williamsburg Area Bicyclists. Miss. Turnbull speaks about her experiences commuting between her home in York County and her job as a librarian at Lafayette High School and the importance of bike safety. The folder contains a summary and index of the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMrs. Little is a historian and daughter of Reverend Archibald F. Ward, Jr. who advocated on behalf of the displaced citizens of Magruder.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorinne Garland spoke about her work at Williamsburg Preschool for Special Children, her experiences at Child Development Resources, and educational legislation concerning children with disabilities in public schools. This folder contains an index and transcript of the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview was conducted by Andrew Cotman and was indexed by Marriya Schwarz with audio management by Nicholas DeAtley. The interview was later transcribed by Nicholas DeAtley, Marriya Schwarz, and Andrew Cotman. The interview took place during the afternoon of 3/15/18 in the third floor 311 classroom of the College of William and Mary American Studies building, located on 114 North Boundary Street Apt Williamsburg, VA 23185, using a Zoom H-1 Handy Voice Recorder. Overall the quality of the interview is very clear, however the volume of the interview was a little low. There was a little interference due to an AC unit turning on and off which may have obstructed slightly the clearness and volume of Ms. Bell's voice. Also, there was an interference early on in the interview because Ms. Bell's microphone detached from her jacket. During the interview, Barbara Bell discussed her experiences in various school systems, like Richmond Public Schools, Fairfax County Public Schools, Department of Defense Schools, and the Medina City School District, during her 35 years of teaching. She reflected on her experiences teaching students with varying socioeconomic statuses. Throughout the interview, she made references to the power of having diversity throughout the classroom, and the joy that she has gained from teaching. Towards the end of the interview, she discussed her work with homeless student populations and a program that she created, called Diversity-In-Actions that promotes knowledge of African-American culture. For clarity, the transcribers have eliminated ever \"um\" and \"uh\" from the transcription.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview was conducted by Andrew Cotman and was indexed by Marriya Schwarz with audio management by Nicholas DeAtley. The interview was later transcribed by Nicholas DeAtley, Marriya Schwarz, and Andrew Cotman. The interview took place during the afternoon of 3/15/18 in the third floor 311 classroom of the College of William and Mary American Studies building, located on 114 North Boundary Street Apt Williamsburg, VA 23185, using a Zoom H-1 Handy Voice Recorder. Overall the quality of the interview is very clear, however the volume of the interview was a little low. There was a little interference due to an AC unit turning on and off which may have obstructed slightly the clearness and volume of Ms. Bell's voice. Also, there was an interference early on in the interview because Ms. Bell's microphone detached from her jacket. During the interview, Barbara Bell discussed her experiences in various school systems, like Richmond Public Schools, Fairfax County Public Schools, Department of Defense Schools, and the Medina City School District, during her 35 years of teaching. She reflected on her experiences teaching students with varying socioeconomic statuses. Throughout the interview, she made references to the power of having diversity throughout the classroom, and the joy that she has gained from teaching. Towards the end of the interview, she discussed her work with homeless student populations and a program that she created, called Diversity-In-Actions that promotes knowledge of African-American culture. For clarity, the transcribers have eliminated ever \"um\" and \"uh\" from the transcription.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWe interviewed Dr. Byrd-Poller on Tuesday, February 20th, 2018 in the upstairs classroom in the\ncollege apartments. Besides two brief distractions (one from a man hoping to print some papers\nand the other when we needed to get Dr. Byrd-Poller some water), the interview continued\nuninterrupted. We began by discussing her own experience growing up in the Williamsburg-\nJames City County school system and her children's experiences and how practices have\nchanged over time. We then began discussion of her twisting career path that eventually led her\nto her current position as Director of Human Resources at Thomas Nelson Community College.\nOne topic that was particularly relevant throughout the interview was the issue of diversity in her\nown schooling experience, her children's, and today as she plays a large role in hiring\nprospective staff.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWe interviewed Dr. Byrd-Poller on Tuesday, February 20th, 2018 in the upstairs classroom in the\ncollege apartments. Besides two brief distractions (one from a man hoping to print some papers\nand the other when we needed to get Dr. Byrd-Poller some water), the interview continued\nuninterrupted. We began by discussing her own experience growing up in the Williamsburg-\nJames City County school system and her children's experiences and how practices have\nchanged over time. We then began discussion of her twisting career path that eventually led her\nto her current position as Director of Human Resources at Thomas Nelson Community College.\nOne topic that was particularly relevant throughout the interview was the issue of diversity in her\nown schooling experience, her children's, and today as she plays a large role in hiring\nprospective staff.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview was conducted by Shainir Bearfield and was indexed by Nicholas DeAtley with\naudio management done as well by Nicholas DeAtley. Nicholas DeAtley and Shainir Bearfield\nlater transcribed the interview together. The interview took place at 3:30 p.m. of March 23rd of\n2018, at the Land Tech Resources Inc. building located on 3925 Midlands road located in\nWilliamsburg, Virginia 23188 using a Zoom H-1 Handy Voice Recorder. Overall the quality of\nthe interview is very clear and all audio equipment worked extremely well. Interviewed was Lisa\nOwnby who serves as the Vice Chair of the Williainsburg James City County School board. She\nis also appointed as head of the special education advisory committee within the school board\nsystem. During the interview Lisa Ownby discusses how her relationship with her brother\nunfortunately suffering from numerous disabilities impacted her life choices and career path.\nThroughout the interview she discusses her early volunteering with Special Olympics eventually\nleading to her eventual work at Child Development Resources funded by the U.S. Department of\nEducation. Lisa Ownby in this interview offers her point of view on several facets of the\nWilliainsburg James City County Public school system. First and foremost she offers her\nperspective on funding of special education on a local, state and national level. This interview\nwas an excellent way to see how those working within the school board view the production of\nthe special education system and of what issues are taking place in the system in regards to\nfunding. Throughout this interview for clarity, the transcribers have eliminated \"um\" and \"uh\"\nfrom the transcription.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe content of this note came from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview was conducted by Shainir Bearfield and was indexed by Nicholas DeAtley with\naudio management done as well by Nicholas DeAtley. Nicholas DeAtley and Shainir Bearfield\nlater transcribed the interview together. The interview took place at 3:30 p.m. of March 23rd of\n2018, at the Land Tech Resources Inc. building located on 3925 Midlands road located in\nWilliamsburg, Virginia 23188 using a Zoom H-1 Handy Voice Recorder. Overall the quality of\nthe interview is very clear and all audio equipment worked extremely well. Interviewed was Lisa\nOwnby who serves as the Vice Chair of the Williainsburg James City County School board. She\nis also appointed as head of the special education advisory committee within the school board\nsystem. During the interview Lisa Ownby discusses how her relationship with her brother\nunfortunately suffering from numerous disabilities impacted her life choices and career path.\nThroughout the interview she discusses her early volunteering with Special Olympics eventually\nleading to her eventual work at Child Development Resources funded by the U.S. Department of\nEducation. Lisa Ownby in this interview offers her point of view on several facets of the\nWilliainsburg James City County Public school system. First and foremost she offers her\nperspective on funding of special education on a local, state and national level. This interview\nwas an excellent way to see how those working within the school board view the production of\nthe special education system and of what issues are taking place in the system in regards to\nfunding. Throughout this interview for clarity, the transcribers have eliminated \"um\" and \"uh\"\nfrom the transcription.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe content of this note came from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview was conducted by Shainir Bearfield and was indexed by Nicholas DeAtley with\naudio management done as well by Nicholas DeAtley. Nicholas DeAtley and Shainir Bearfield\nlater transcribed the interview together. The interview took place at 3:30 p.m. of March 23rd of\n2018, at the Land Tech Resources Inc. building located on 3925 Midlands road located in\nWilliamsburg, Virginia 23188 using a Zoom H-1 Handy Voice Recorder. Overall the quality of\nthe interview is very clear and all audio equipment worked extremely well. Interviewed was Lisa\nOwnby who serves as the Vice Chair of the Williainsburg James City County School board. She\nis also appointed as head of the special education advisory committee within the school board\nsystem. During the interview Lisa Ownby discusses how her relationship with her brother\nunfortunately suffering from numerous disabilities impacted her life choices and career path.\nThroughout the interview she discusses her early volunteering with Special Olympics eventually\nleading to her eventual work at Child Development Resources funded by the U.S. Department of\nEducation. Lisa Ownby in this interview offers her point of view on several facets of the\nWilliainsburg James City County Public school system. First and foremost she offers her\nperspective on funding of special education on a local, state and national level. This interview\nwas an excellent way to see how those working within the school board view the production of\nthe special education system and of what issues are taking place in the system in regards to\nfunding. Throughout this interview for clarity, the transcribers have eliminated \"um\" and \"uh\"\nfrom the transcription.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe content of this note came from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eI interviewed Jennifer Albarracin at the William and Mary Barnes and Noble on Saturday, April\n7. We were originally meeting to interview Elias Martinez, a father of English Language\nLearning students in WJCC schools. However, by some miscommunication, even though he\narrived at the bookstore, we were never able to find each other. I'm guessing it was an issue with\nparking. After waiting an hour, I interviewed Jennifer. We discussed her own experience\ngrowing up in Fairfax, Virginia with the label of\"ESL\" and how it drove her towards academic\nsuccess because she wanted to leave behind the term \"ESL\" as an identifier. We also touched on\nher parents' interactions with the school system and how her relationship with her parents was\nstrained by communication barriers. Today, Jennifer is a William and Mary student, minoring in\nLatin American studies in order to learn more about her own roots. The background noise is\nrelatively loud throughout the interview, but the recording is still understandable. Although she\ndoes state her name as Jennifer Albarracin Moya in the recording, most of the time she goes by\nsolely her first last name, Albarracin, and so I decided to refer to her as Jennifer Albarracin after\nconsulting her preferences.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eI interviewed Jennifer Albarracin at the William and Mary Barnes and Noble on Saturday, April\n7. We were originally meeting to interview Elias Martinez, a father of English Language\nLearning students in WJCC schools. However, by some miscommunication, even though he\narrived at the bookstore, we were never able to find each other. I'm guessing it was an issue with\nparking. After waiting an hour, I interviewed Jennifer. We discussed her own experience\ngrowing up in Fairfax, Virginia with the label of\"ESL\" and how it drove her towards academic\nsuccess because she wanted to leave behind the term \"ESL\" as an identifier. We also touched on\nher parents' interactions with the school system and how her relationship with her parents was\nstrained by communication barriers. Today, Jennifer is a William and Mary student, minoring in\nLatin American studies in order to learn more about her own roots. The background noise is\nrelatively loud throughout the interview, but the recording is still understandable. Although she\ndoes state her name as Jennifer Albarracin Moya in the recording, most of the time she goes by\nsolely her first last name, Albarracin, and so I decided to refer to her as Jennifer Albarracin after\nconsulting her preferences.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eI interviewed Dr. Barko-Alva on Wednesday, March 21 in Swem library in a group study lounge\non the first floor (this gives reference for the occasional muffled voices in the background).\nEarlier in the day weren't sure if the interview was going to happen because it was snowy, but\nwe did end up completing the interview. We discussed Dr. Barko-Alava's educational\nbackground, beginning with her high school experience in Peru to finishing high school in the\nU.S. and going on to succeed at the University of Florida. She began teaching English her junior\nyear of college and once she graduated, she worked in the local public-school system. Dr. Barko-Alva\nwent back to UF to earn her Master's and Ph.D, and finally found herself at William and\nMary. We also discussed her involvement in educational activist work in Virginia and her\nexperiences 'in the Williamsburg-James City County school system. There were a few sections of\nthe narrative that were removed at the request of the narrator for various reasons including a\nconfidential conversation Dr. Barko-Alva is not at liberty to reveal. However, none of the deleted\nsections were crucial to the narrative being recounted.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe content of this note comes from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eI interviewed Dr. Barko-Alva on Wednesday, March 21 in Swem library in a group study lounge\non the first floor (this gives reference for the occasional muffled voices in the background).\nEarlier in the day weren't sure if the interview was going to happen because it was snowy, but\nwe did end up completing the interview. We discussed Dr. Barko-Alava's educational\nbackground, beginning with her high school experience in Peru to finishing high school in the\nU.S. and going on to succeed at the University of Florida. She began teaching English her junior\nyear of college and once she graduated, she worked in the local public-school system. Dr. Barko-Alva\nwent back to UF to earn her Master's and Ph.D, and finally found herself at William and\nMary. We also discussed her involvement in educational activist work in Virginia and her\nexperiences 'in the Williamsburg-James City County school system. There were a few sections of\nthe narrative that were removed at the request of the narrator for various reasons including a\nconfidential conversation Dr. Barko-Alva is not at liberty to reveal. However, none of the deleted\nsections were crucial to the narrative being recounted.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe content of this note comes from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eI interviewed Ms. Laura Carver on Tuesday, March 20 at her office in Hornsby Middle School.\nUnfortunately, a small portion of the oral history was lost because the voice recorder's memory\ncard filled up, and I did not notice it until after she was done responding to my question.\nHowever, the unrecorded section could not have been much longer than two or three minutes.\nMs. Carver is an English as a Second Language teacher in the WJCC school system and has been\nsince 2015, so we began the interview with a brief overview of her day-to-day interactions with\nEnglish Language Leaners and their parents. We also discussed her educational background and\nher experience working as a missionary and how both impact her interpretation of her role as an\nESL teacher. We ended the interview discussing the challenges of ESL education, specifically in\nthe local area, faced by the ELL students, their teachers, their families and guardians, and WJCC\nschool system .and a few possible ways to better address those challenges in the future. There\nwere three separate sections that were removed at the request of the Ms. Carver and they are\nnoted in the transcript. Nothing crucial to the slory line of her narrative was lost by these\ndeletions.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eI interviewed Ms. Laura Carver on Tuesday, March 20 at her office in Hornsby Middle School.\nUnfortunately, a small portion of the oral history was lost because the voice recorder's memory\ncard filled up, and I did not notice it until after she was done responding to my question.\nHowever, the unrecorded section could not have been much longer than two or three minutes.\nMs. Carver is an English as a Second Language teacher in the WJCC school system and has been\nsince 2015, so we began the interview with a brief overview of her day-to-day interactions with\nEnglish Language Leaners and their parents. We also discussed her educational background and\nher experience working as a missionary and how both impact her interpretation of her role as an\nESL teacher. We ended the interview discussing the challenges of ESL education, specifically in\nthe local area, faced by the ELL students, their teachers, their families and guardians, and WJCC\nschool system .and a few possible ways to better address those challenges in the future. There\nwere three separate sections that were removed at the request of the Ms. Carver and they are\nnoted in the transcript. Nothing crucial to the slory line of her narrative was lost by these\ndeletions.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eI interviewed Ms. Laura Carver on Tuesday, March 20 at her office in Hornsby Middle School.\nUnfortunately, a small portion of the oral history was lost because the voice recorder's memory\ncard filled up, and I did not notice it until after she was done responding to my question.\nHowever, the unrecorded section could not have been much longer than two or three minutes.\nMs. Carver is an English as a Second Language teacher in the WJCC school system and has been\nsince 2015, so we began the interview with a brief overview of her day-to-day interactions with\nEnglish Language Leaners and their parents. We also discussed her educational background and\nher experience working as a missionary and how both impact her interpretation of her role as an\nESL teacher. We ended the interview discussing the challenges of ESL education, specifically in\nthe local area, faced by the ELL students, their teachers, their families and guardians, and WJCC\nschool system .and a few possible ways to better address those challenges in the future. There\nwere three separate sections that were removed at the request of the Ms. Carver and they are\nnoted in the transcript. Nothing crucial to the slory line of her narrative was lost by these\ndeletions.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eI sent these questions sent to Dr. Patricia Tilghman by email, which explains the odd formatting\nof this document. Her responses follow each bolded question. Dr. Tilghman gave me an\noverview of the ESL program in WJCC schools as well as information about her own\nbackground in ESL education. She also discussed a few of the largest challenges WJCC schools\nface in engaging parents of ESL students. Informed consent was received through email. I have\nprinted that out, along with a Deed of Gift.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview was conducted and later indexed by Marriya Schwarz. The interview took place \nduring the evening of 4.4.18 at the College of William \u0026amp; Mary's Swem Library in Group Study\nRoom 235, using a Zoom H-1 Handy Voice Recorder. Overall, the quality of the interview is\nfairly clear. There is some interference due to people talking and playing music loudly over in\nthe next room. During the interview, Alexis Brender A. Brandis discussed her experiences as an\nathlete. She has been involved with Track \u0026amp; Field, gymnastics, and Tae Kwon Do. She went on\nto discuss some of her experiences as a current member of the College of William \u0026amp; Mary's\nTrack \u0026amp; Field team. She reflected on her experiences with various Williamsburg-James City\nCounty Schools and discussed different experiences with teachers. Towards the end of the\ninterview, she discussed her relationship with her family, namely her unofficial \"adoptive\nbrother,\" Ramon, her experiences so far as a sophomore at the College of William \u0026amp; Mary, and\nher experiences with having a connection to both the Williamsburg community and the College.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview was conducted and later indexed by Marriya Schwarz. The interview took place \nduring the evening of 4.4.18 at the College of William \u0026amp; Mary's Swem Library in Group Study\nRoom 235, using a Zoom H-1 Handy Voice Recorder. Overall, the quality of the interview is\nfairly clear. There is some interference due to people talking and playing music loudly over in\nthe next room. During the interview, Alexis Brender A. Brandis discussed her experiences as an\nathlete. She has been involved with Track \u0026amp; Field, gymnastics, and Tae Kwon Do. She went on\nto discuss some of her experiences as a current member of the College of William \u0026amp; Mary's\nTrack \u0026amp; Field team. She reflected on her experiences with various Williamsburg-James City\nCounty Schools and discussed different experiences with teachers. Towards the end of the\ninterview, she discussed her relationship with her family, namely her unofficial \"adoptive\nbrother,\" Ramon, her experiences so far as a sophomore at the College of William \u0026amp; Mary, and\nher experiences with having a connection to both the Williamsburg community and the College.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview was conducted by Marriya Schwarz and indexed by Brenna Cowardin. The\ninterview was later transcribed by Marriya Schwarz. The interview took place during the evening\nof 4/12/18 in front of theater at the Williamsburg Regional Library on Scotland Street, using a\nZoom H-1 Handy Voice Recorder. Overall, the quality of the interview is fairly clear, but the\nvolume is somewhat low. There is some interference due to people filing in and out of the\nWilliamsburg Library, but the audio still can be heard. During the interview, Sylvia Shearin\nWillis discussed her experiences with education within Williamsburg-James City County\nSchools, primarily her experiences with Bruton Heights School and later James Blair High\nSchool after integration in 1966. She reflected on the differences between the two schools. She\nalso discussed her experiences with the different teaching at both schools and minority teaching.\nTowards the end of the interview, she also discussed her experiences with historically black\ncolleges, as well as the educational experiences of her two daughters. For clarity and as\nrequested by the narrator, the transcriber has eliminated every \"um,\" \"uh,\" and \"like\" from the\ntranscription.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview was conducted by Marriya Schwarz and indexed by Brenna Cowardin. The\ninterview was later transcribed by Marriya Schwarz. The interview took place during the evening\nof 4/12/18 in front of theater at the Williamsburg Regional Library on Scotland Street, using a\nZoom H-1 Handy Voice Recorder. Overall, the quality of the interview is fairly clear, but the\nvolume is somewhat low. There is some interference due to people filing in and out of the\nWilliamsburg Library, but the audio still can be heard. During the interview, Sylvia Shearin\nWillis discussed her experiences with education within Williamsburg-James City County\nSchools, primarily her experiences with Bruton Heights School and later James Blair High\nSchool after integration in 1966. She reflected on the differences between the two schools. She\nalso discussed her experiences with the different teaching at both schools and minority teaching.\nTowards the end of the interview, she also discussed her experiences with historically black\ncolleges, as well as the educational experiences of her two daughters. For clarity and as\nrequested by the narrator, the transcriber has eliminated every \"um,\" \"uh,\" and \"like\" from the\ntranscription.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eI interviewed Shamir Bearfield at Swem Library, located rather centrally on the William and Mary campus, in group study room 118. This room is located on the quieter side of the first floor of Swem, and we were therefore able converse without interruption throughout the interview. The interview focused on Shamir's educational experiences growing up, particularly his movement from public to private school and the influence of football on his academic career. We also discussed his transition from a public middle school to a private high school and how that better prepared him for college at William and Mary.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe content of this note comes directly from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eI interviewed Shamir Bearfield at Swem Library, located rather centrally on the William and Mary campus, in group study room 118. This room is located on the quieter side of the first floor of Swem, and we were therefore able converse without interruption throughout the interview. The interview focused on Shamir's educational experiences growing up, particularly his movement from public to private school and the influence of football on his academic career. We also discussed his transition from a public middle school to a private high school and how that better prepared him for college at William and Mary.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe content of this note comes directly from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eI interviewed Shamir Bearfield at Swem Library, located rather centrally on the William and Mary campus, in group study room 118. This room is located on the quieter side of the first floor of Swem, and we were therefore able converse without interruption throughout the interview. The interview focused on Shamir's educational experiences growing up, particularly his movement from public to private school and the influence of football on his academic career. We also discussed his transition from a public middle school to a private high school and how that better prepared him for college at William and Mary.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe content of this note comes directly from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview was conducted by Marriya Schwarz with Nicholas DeAtley indexing during the interview. Marriya Schwarz later transcribed the entire interview. The interview took place in the afternoon of 2/6/18 in the College Apartments where the American Studies Department is located at the College of William \u0026amp; Mary in Williamsburg, VA. During the interview, Andrew Cotman discussed his experiences growing up in Henrico, Virginia. He described his experience with education starting from elementary school to now, where he is currently a senior at the College of William \u0026amp; Mary. For clarity, I have eliminated every \"um\" and \"uh.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview was conducted by Marriya Schwarz with Nicholas DeAtley indexing during the interview. Marriya Schwarz later transcribed the entire interview. The interview took place in the afternoon of 2/6/18 in the College Apartments where the American Studies Department is located at the College of William \u0026amp; Mary in Williamsburg, VA. During the interview, Andrew Cotman discussed his experiences growing up in Henrico, Virginia. He described his experience with education starting from elementary school to now, where he is currently a senior at the College of William \u0026amp; Mary. For clarity, I have eliminated every \"um\" and \"uh.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview was conducted by Marriya Schwarz with Nicholas DeAtley indexing during the interview. Marriya Schwarz later transcribed the entire interview. The interview took place in the afternoon of 2/6/18 in the College Apartments where the American Studies Department is located at the College of William \u0026amp; Mary in Williamsburg, VA. During the interview, Andrew Cotman discussed his experiences growing up in Henrico, Virginia. He described his experience with education starting from elementary school to now, where he is currently a senior at the College of William \u0026amp; Mary. For clarity, I have eliminated every \"um\" and \"uh.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe interview with Brenna Cowardin was recorded on a Tuesday afternoon in a group study room in Earl Greg Swem Library on the William \u0026amp; Mary Campus. Other than our voices, the room was quiet because the door was closed. The room was lined with windows in Brenna's line of sight, which showed students walking around study tables and talking. The only other person in the room was the indexer, Shamir Bearfield. Brenna has a passion education, especially for students who are learning English as a Second Language (ESL). Brenna talks about her interest in education as she reflects on her own experience in the Harrisonburg city public schools in Virginia. Although she has no current plans for entering the educational field, she hopes to use her acquisition of the Spanish language to bridge the gaps for these students and their families in the American public education system. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe interview with Brenna Cowardin was recorded on a Tuesday afternoon in a group study room in Earl Greg Swem Library on the William \u0026amp; Mary Campus. Other than our voices, the room was quiet because the door was closed. The room was lined with windows in Brenna's line of sight, which showed students walking around study tables and talking. The only other person in the room was the indexer, Shamir Bearfield. Brenna has a passion education, especially for students who are learning English as a Second Language (ESL). Brenna talks about her interest in education as she reflects on her own experience in the Harrisonburg city public schools in Virginia. Although she has no current plans for entering the educational field, she hopes to use her acquisition of the Spanish language to bridge the gaps for these students and their families in the American public education system. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe interview with Brenna Cowardin was recorded on a Tuesday afternoon in a group study room in Earl Greg Swem Library on the William \u0026amp; Mary Campus. Other than our voices, the room was quiet because the door was closed. The room was lined with windows in Brenna's line of sight, which showed students walking around study tables and talking. The only other person in the room was the indexer, Shamir Bearfield. Brenna has a passion education, especially for students who are learning English as a Second Language (ESL). Brenna talks about her interest in education as she reflects on her own experience in the Harrisonburg city public schools in Virginia. Although she has no current plans for entering the educational field, she hopes to use her acquisition of the Spanish language to bridge the gaps for these students and their families in the American public education system. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eI interviewed Nicholas DeAtley in a classroom on the third floor of the William and Mary College Apartments building. Nicholas provides a brief yet, enlightening account of his life history. Nicholas discusses a wonderful history of his upbringing from being born in Colombia and brought to the United States at a very young age, to his wonderful childhood with his adoptive family, and his aspirations to play sports in college. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eI interviewed Nicholas DeAtley in a classroom on the third floor of the William and Mary College Apartments building. Nicholas provides a brief yet, enlightening account of his life history. Nicholas discusses a wonderful history of his upbringing from being born in Colombia and brought to the United States at a very young age, to his wonderful childhood with his adoptive family, and his aspirations to play sports in college. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eI interviewed Ms. Marriya Schwarz in the third floor 311 classroom of the William and Mary American Studies academic building, located on 114 North Boundary St. Williamsburg, VA 23185. This was my first time interviewing with the Zoom H-1 Handy Voice Recorder. Overall the quality of the interview is very clear, however the volume of the interview was a little low. This was Marriya's first time being interviewed so she was a little nervous despite some nerves, overall the interview went very well and was very natural. Marriya discusses in the interview where she is from and her upbringing. Detailed are her experiences growing up in Herndon, Virginia with her sister as well as her transition to high school where she excelled in many extracurricular activities. As a high school senior she also detailed many of her experiences transitioning from high school to college and the nerve wrecking college decision process that many seniors go through so often. Throughout my transcript I have decided to remove the majority of non-verbal utterances such as \"uh\" and \"um\" because it does not represent by my opinion an important aspect of Marriya's speaking style. I also felt it hindered the fluidity of the transcript as it occurred throughout the interview quite often. Marriya is a very academically focused person, who has garnered some very highly regarded awards from her scholastic work. Her ultimate goal is to become a screenwriter and intends to follow that passion after she graduates from the College of William and Mary.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eI interviewed Ms. Marriya Schwarz in the third floor 311 classroom of the William and Mary American Studies academic building, located on 114 North Boundary St. Williamsburg, VA 23185. This was my first time interviewing with the Zoom H-1 Handy Voice Recorder. Overall the quality of the interview is very clear, however the volume of the interview was a little low. This was Marriya's first time being interviewed so she was a little nervous despite some nerves, overall the interview went very well and was very natural. Marriya discusses in the interview where she is from and her upbringing. Detailed are her experiences growing up in Herndon, Virginia with her sister as well as her transition to high school where she excelled in many extracurricular activities. As a high school senior she also detailed many of her experiences transitioning from high school to college and the nerve wrecking college decision process that many seniors go through so often. Throughout my transcript I have decided to remove the majority of non-verbal utterances such as \"uh\" and \"um\" because it does not represent by my opinion an important aspect of Marriya's speaking style. I also felt it hindered the fluidity of the transcript as it occurred throughout the interview quite often. Marriya is a very academically focused person, who has garnered some very highly regarded awards from her scholastic work. Her ultimate goal is to become a screenwriter and intends to follow that passion after she graduates from the College of William and Mary.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eI interviewed Ms. Marriya Schwarz in the third floor 311 classroom of the William and Mary American Studies academic building, located on 114 North Boundary St. Williamsburg, VA 23185. This was my first time interviewing with the Zoom H-1 Handy Voice Recorder. Overall the quality of the interview is very clear, however the volume of the interview was a little low. This was Marriya's first time being interviewed so she was a little nervous despite some nerves, overall the interview went very well and was very natural. Marriya discusses in the interview where she is from and her upbringing. Detailed are her experiences growing up in Herndon, Virginia with her sister as well as her transition to high school where she excelled in many extracurricular activities. As a high school senior she also detailed many of her experiences transitioning from high school to college and the nerve wrecking college decision process that many seniors go through so often. Throughout my transcript I have decided to remove the majority of non-verbal utterances such as \"uh\" and \"um\" because it does not represent by my opinion an important aspect of Marriya's speaking style. I also felt it hindered the fluidity of the transcript as it occurred throughout the interview quite often. Marriya is a very academically focused person, who has garnered some very highly regarded awards from her scholastic work. Her ultimate goal is to become a screenwriter and intends to follow that passion after she graduates from the College of William and Mary.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eI interviewed Mr. Robert Braxton in the College Apartments, which is located on Boundary Street in Williamsburg, VA, in the office of the Williamsburg Documentary Project.  Mr. Braxton was very engaged with the topic and welcoming of any questions that we had for him.  He began his interview by drawing out a revised version of a map of the Triangle, which we drew a copy of.  Having grown up in the area surrounding the Triangle, Mr. Braxton had a valuable perspective on the area.  We covered topics regarding the businesses that were located on the Triangle, how the redevelopment project occurred, and the progress that Williamsburg is making today, in addition to Mr. Braxton's experience on City Council. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eI interviewed Steve Harris in College Apartments 5a, overlooking the businesses and traffic at the corner of Prince George Street and South Boundary Street. It was a nice day out and we were lucky that Mr. Harris, who was visiting from Michigan where he now spends much of his time, had lent of his limited time in Williamsburg to the WDP's research of the Triangle Block. The conversation spanned the pre-redevelopment, redevelopment, and post-redevelopment periods of the Triangle's history, starting from Mr. Harris's days at Marshall-Wythe Law School. Mr. Harris brought with him a series of printed-out aerial photographs of the Triangle which he refers to multiple times during the interview.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSamantha and I interviewed Mr. Parker in one of the conference rooms on the first floor of College Apartments. He brought along a large binder full of documents that he allowed us to make copies of later, so there are times throughout the recording and transcript that he pauses to look at his materials or pull out a piece for our use. We discovered him through his association with the Society of Friends of African American History, the group responsible for the monument at the Triangle, so a lot of our focus was on that. He also shared his personal feelings about redevelopment and other issues surrounding the history of African Americans in Williamsburg. Early in the interview, there is some confusion over where Mr. Parker was to sign on the informed consent form, so there are pauses as we examined the form.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe content of this note is taken from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eI, Kandace Kimber, and Francie Zidonis interviewed Tony Conyers in Adriene's office in the College Apartments. Unfortunately, the room wasn't sound proof and there were renovations being done in the hallway so there is some background noise that can be heard in recording. Conyers is a native to Williamsburg and has spent majority of his career in both local and federal government. During the interview we discuss his upbringing and adulthood in Williamsburg, his experience developing new initiatives for the citizens in the city, and what he envisions for Williamsburg and James City County in the future. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe content of this note comes from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eI interviewed former City Councilman Scott Foster in one of the offices on the second floor of the college apartments. It was a very comfortable and casual atmosphere and I believe Mr. Foster had no trouble expressing himself in that environment. Scott Foster was a former student at the College of William \u0026amp; Mary ('10) and the first student to be elected to the Williamsburg City Council serving from 2010-2018. He has now retired from the City Council and resides in Skipwith Farms with his wife, working at a local law firm. We spoke a lot about Foster's time at the college (as well as, the law school), affordability in Williamsburg, and his overall passion for the city.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe content of this note comes from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWe interviewed Roy Gerardi and Tyrone Franklin in a small office in the Municipal Building, located at 401 Lafayette Street, on Friday, April 12. Mr. Gerardi could not stay for the duration of the interview, but before he was called out, he discussed his role in the Williamsburg Redevelopment and Housing Authority (WRHA), some of the programs available for low-income residents, and what he terms the \"five-fold reality\" of poverty. During his half of the interview, Mr. Franklin, the newly hired executive director for the WRHA, spoke about his experiences with affordable housing in his previous roles and his plans for Williamsburg moving forward.  \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eI interviewed Albert and Liz Johnson in the living room of their home in the BrookHaven neighborhood, which is located off of Ironbound road in James City County. While both Al and Liz participated in the interview, only Al wore a microphone so many of Liz's contributions are quiet or difficult to hear. I have done my best to transcribe them accurately, but some of her comments were indistinguishable due to the distance. The Johnsons seemed happy to welcome us into their home and to speak with us about Brookhaven. They have participated in the Williamsburg Documentary Project in the past and are experienced interviewees among American Studies students. During the interview the Johnsons showed us plans for the neighborhood, documents from Al's restaurant career, and photographs of their restaurant. We discussed the history and milieu of Brookhaven and Al's role as a founder of the neighborhood and a local entrepreneur. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eI interviewed Mr. Small in a conference room in the Public Works and Utilities department of the Williamsburg Municipal Building, located off of Lafayette Street in Williamsburg, Virginia. Mr. Small is a Williamsburg native and the current city engineer. His father worked in city planning in Williamsburg and James City County as well, helping to develop neighborhoods like Newtown and Fords Colony. As someone who has lived here for almost his entire life, Mr. Small has developed an extensive interest in the history of the development of Williamsburg. Our interview covers a number of topics, including why Williamsburg and the surrounding areas began to expand and develop in the eighties and nineties, moving into the history of various neighborhoods and areas, and finishing with a better understanding about how various aspects of the environment affect the way the city is developed. Throughout the course of the interview, there are various references to Google Maps, which Mr. Small was showing us on a projector, and to a smaller map in the room of Williamsburg with the understanding that it looks like a turkey.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eI interviewed Ms. Kandace Kimber in one of the Swem Library study rooms on the first floor (room 134C). The room was noticeably brighter than many of the surrounding rooms and areas and did somewhat disturb the individuals in the room. Kandace is a senior at the College and a Virginia native coming from Petersburg, VA. We spoke a lot about her living situation and went into great detail about her plans for the future. Kandace had a very relaxed demeanor and if she was nervous for the interview, one could not tell. A variety of topics were touched on during the interview concerning Kandace's personal life goals, about which she seemed very keen to talk about. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eI interviewed Ms. Resha in her office in the College Apartmnets, located on South Boundary Street in Williamsburg, VA. This is a practice interview for class, my second time every interviewing someone and my first time leading an interview on my own. Ms. Resha is 24 years old and a graduate student in the American Studies department, and the Teaching Assistant for our class. She studies Arab and Muslim representation in comic books. We discussed her research to some extent, but also focused a lot on her sense of what home has meant to her at varying points in her life. Ms. Resha considers herself to be \"from\" Florida, but has also lived in a number of places like Alabama, Charlottesville, VA, and Williamsburg.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe content of this note comes from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eI interviewed Brenna Thanner in a Swem library study room (134c), adjacent to the computer lab. We were the first in our group to interview. The room we were in was a comfortable size but the fluorescent overhead lights were extremely bright and hot. In the interview, I primarily ask Brenna about her family home in Jacksonville, Florida and her experiences in Williamsburg.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eI interviewed Francie Zidonis in College Apartments (114 N Boundary Street) room 224 the evening of Sunday, February 24th, 2019. By the time we had finished this interview, it was dark outside. The narrator, indexer, and myself had each already participated in two other practice interviews prior to conducting this interview. There is no remarkable outside noise; however, there are occasionally moments when laughter overwhelms the interview. We discussed Francie's hometown, Columbus, Ohio, and Williamsburg, often the College of William \u0026amp; Mary specifically, among other things.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview was conducted by Hallie Feinman and indexed by Austin Curtis. The interview took place on the morning of 2/8/21 via Zoom. Ava Coles discussed her childhood growing up in rural Virginia and the changes that came when her family moved to Charlottesville. She talks about her relationship with her family and siblings as well as her community at large.  Special interest is paid to the impacts of her education and upbringing and the impacts they have had on her life as an adult.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDescription was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview was conducted by Austin Curtis and indexed by Ava Coles. The interview took place on the afternoon of April 14, 2021 over Zoom. Janet Cummings describes the ways in which she has adjusted the efforts of the Relief Society of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Williamsburg to strengthen bonds of sisterhood among Latter-day Saint women. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDescription was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview was conducted by Ava Coles and indexed by Hallie Feinman. The\ninterview took place on the morning of 2/8/21 via Zoom. Austin Curtis discussed his childhood\ngrowing up as the son of two diplomats. He talks about the various places he lived as well as his\nrelationship with his siblings and why he chose to attend William \u0026amp; Mary.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDescription comes from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview was conducted by Jasmine Geonzon and was indexed by Maeve Quigley. The\nentire interview was not transcribed. The interview took place on the morning of 4/26/2021 over\nZoom. Ms. Davis discussed her experiences as a patron and employee of the Williamsburg\nRegional Library, the library's role in the Williamsburg community, and the WRL's response to\nthe COVID-19 pandemic.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDescription was taken from the headnote created by the interview team.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis oral history was conducted by Austin Curtis who later indexed and used happyscribe.com to transcribe the interview. This interview occurred at noon on February 8th, 2021 in Ava Cole's Personal Zoom Meeting Room. Hallie Feinman talks about her childhood and dissociative disorder. A condition which as she describes it as feeling like \"watching someone else pantomime through life [like] you,\" (03:40). Hallie Feinmen also addresses how COVID quarantines have affected her mental health. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDescription taken from headnote created by the interview team.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview was conducted by Maeve Quigley and was indexed by Jasmine Geonzon. The\nentire interview was later transcribed using Otter.ai. The interview took place on the afternoon of\n4/12/2021 over Zoom. Ms. Fowler discussed her life and work history, her role as the director of\nthe Williamsburg Regional Library, the library's role in the Williamsburg community, and the\nWRL's response to the COVID-19 pandemic.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDescription was taken from the headnote created by the interview team.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview was conducted by Amy Nadel and Johnette Weaver with Colleen Rodgers indexing. The interview took place virtually via Zoom video conferencing software in the afternoon of 4/30/21. All involved were sitting in their homes. Mrs. Weaver both helped interview her mother and served as another narrator by interjecting at times to provide helpful context to what Mrs. Gordon was saying. Mrs. Gordon discusses growing up in Magruder then moving to Highland Park, both Black neighborhoods. She shares her impressions of being a part of her Church community, going to segregated Bruton Heights School, being married to a Marine, and her desire to give her children as many educational opportunities as possible. Also, she shares her opinion of how Highland Park has changed over time and the impact of Covid 19 on her life.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDescription was taken from the headnote created by the interview team.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview was conducted by Lauren White and indexed by Austin Curtis. The interview\ntook place on the morning of April 28, 2021 over Zoom. Tawanda Hammond describes the ways\nin which she started operating her own decorative cake shop at a young age and moved around\nlocations before ending up in Williamsburg. Hammond describes the ways her business was\nforced to adapt during the COVID-19 pandemic and the adversities that she faced. Hammond\nalso discusses the community of Williamsburg, and how it can improve on being more inclusive.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDescription was taken from the headnote created by the interview team.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn this exercise, Jasmine Geonzon interviews Ron Littman with assistance from Sol Gallego-Garcia, who indexed the interview as it was taking place. The interview took place in the afternoon of 2/10/2021, as each Ron, Jasmine, and Sol were each in their respective homes, meeting over a recorded Zoom session. Here, Ron Littman discusses growing up in Williamsburg, having an unconventional school trajectory, and current college life. This transcription was created with the help of Otter.ai with necessary adjustments made for accuracy.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDescription was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview was conducted by Lauren White and indexed by Ava Coles. The interview took\nplace on the afternoon of 2/25/21 over Zoom. Hatley Mason discussed his difficult decision to\nclose Mermaid Books, which he ran for over eleven years.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDescription was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview of Amy Nadel was conducted by Colleen Rodgers and indexed by Maeve Quigley\non Sunday, February 7, 2021, at 3:40pm. The interview took place virtually due to the impact of\nthe COVID-19 pandemic and was done over Zoom, but Ms. Nadel was located in her room in an\noff-campus house. In the interview, Ms. Nadel discusses her experience of living abroad during\nthe onset of the pandemic in March of 2020.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDescription was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview was conducted by Colleen Rodgers with Hallie Feinman indexing. The interview\ntook place virtually via Zoom at 5:00pm on Wednesday, May 5, 2021. In the interview, Macie\nOsborn, the mother of two sons currently enrolled in Williamsburg-James City County (WJCC)\nPublic Schools, discusses her experience with online learning during the Covid-19 pandemic.\nShe details the experiences of each of her sons, one in elementary school and one in middle\nschool, and expresses gratitude for WJCC's ability to adapt to an ever-changing pandemic-era\nworld.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eI interviewed Maeve Quigley on Zoom. She was in her on-campus dorm room, while I was in\nmy off campus room. It was a cloudy, rainy day. Maeve seemed relaxed and ready to speak to us\nabout her experience moving to different places while growing up because she was smiling\nthroughout. She explained how living in three different regions within Virginia shaped her life.\nMaeve was 21 years old during the interview.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eI interviewed Miss Rodgers over Zoom. Miss Rodgers was excited to describe how her family\nhistory shared interesting parallels with John Steinbeck's East of Eden . She gave some\nbackground on the book before delving into her own family's stories, including some funny\nstories passed down from her grandparents and older relatives.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe description is taken from the headnote created by the interview team.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview was conducted by Hallie Feinman with Colleen Rodgers indexing. This interview took place virtually over Zoom on Thursday, April 22nd, at 7 PM. The interview was roughly thirty minutes long. In the interview, local community college student Savannah Merriman talked about her time as a high school senior during the beginning of COVID-19 and her subsequent experiences with graduation, community college, and different communities in her life. Towards the latter half of the interview, Savannah spends time talking about her experiences with social media. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDescription taken from headnote created by interview team.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview was conducted by Lauren White and indexed by Michelle Lelièvre. The interview\ntook place on the afternoon of April 21, 2021 over Zoom. Michelle Lelièvre was in Richmond.\nLauren White was in Williamsburg. Monique Sowell (MS1) and Michelle Seiling (MS2) were in\nthe office of the Hound's Tale in Williamsburg. Sowell and Seiling discuss their relationship with\nAromas Cafe, how they reacted to the early stages of the pandemic, and the adversities they\nfaced. They also discuss the different programs they received financial aid from, as well as\nbusiness plans for the upcoming future.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis description is taken from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eI interviewed Bishop David Trichler over Zoom. Bishop Trichler about becoming Bishop of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS) in Williamsburg, how his congregation adjusted to COVID health protocols, and his own personal relationship with the Mormon faith.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview was conducted by Colleen Rodgers with Amy Nadel indexing. The interview took\nplace virtually via Zoom at 8:00pm on Tuesday, April 13, 2021. In the interview, Bruton High\nSchool senior Cate Westenberger discusses her life in Williamsburg. She describes her public\nschool experience prior to and during the Covid-19 pandemic, as well as her experience with\nextracurricular activities such as sports and her job at Wythe Candy in Colonial Williamsburg.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview was conducted by Ava Coles and indexed by Lauren White. The interview took place on the afternoon of 4/16/21 over Zoom. Becki Wildenburger discussed her engagement with House of Mercy as a Housing Navigator, personal motivations, and House of Mercy's relationship with the Williamsburg community. Ms. Wildenburger detailed the landscape of affordable housing in Williamsburg and discussed how her role has changed during the COVID-19 pandemic.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview was conducted by Ava Coles on April 19th, 2021 over Zoom. Ms. Wolosynowski discussed the origins of the Williamsburg House of Mercy and her experience as the founder and executive director. During COVID-19, she forged critical community coalitions to further the mission of her organization and served the Williamsburg community through impressive food and housing services. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn this roundtable interview, Colonial Williamsburg Foundation employees Adam Canaday, Janice Canaday, and Paul Undra Jeter join the Director of Engagement at the Muscarelle Museum and visual artist Steve Prince and discuss the memorialization of African American history in Williamsburg, representation in the arts, local and national resistance to historical truth-telling, and visions for honoring African American ancestors. The Canadays discuss how being descendants of the first Black families of Williamsburg shaped both their careers as interpreters of African American history in CW. They also detail the legacy of Black labor in Williamsburg and express their frustrations with current obstacles to include African American representations in museums. Mr. Prince discusses his role as a visual artist, how he incorporates tragic histories within beautiful images, the power of visual representation, and how the lack of African American representation in public spaces harms the community. The narrators ask each other questions and relate their experiences throughout their discussion since this was the first time the CW employees met Steve Prince and the interviewers. The interview was conducted by undergraduate student Katherine 'Kate' Zabinski and indexed by her classmate Jamie Carkenord on April 20, 2022, at the Colonial Williamsburg Interpreters Office located at 427 Franklin Street in Williamsburg, VA. In the roundtable, Zabinski references the conversations she previously had with other community members who share local history with the roundtable participants. The roundtable interview was completed for an oral history research project in AMST 410: The Williamsburg Documentary Project, taught by Professor Michelle Lelièvre.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview was conducted by Jamie Carkenord and was indexed by Katherine Zabinski. The interview was transcribed. The interview took place on the morning of 1/28/2022 over Zoom. Ms. Clark discussed her life story moving across the country multiple times, what her childhood was like, and her college experience as an American Studies major.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis description is taken from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn this interview, William and Mary student Jamie Carkenord discusses how and why she chose to pursue an undergraduate degree in American Studies and how the program has influenced her life. Carkenord describes how she chose American Studies because the interdisciplinary elements that allow her to study many topics and choose her own specialization of her interests. She explains how her mother also majored in American studies and how her mother's descriptions of history departments discouraged her from majoring in history. In American Studies, Carkenord found ease in both completing classes and scheduling new ones. Carkenord discusses how her major has increased her interest in Black American history and overall histories of minority groups in the United States, which have been the most rewarding features of her degree work. Carkenord's journey in American studies has changed the way she views social, political, legal, and economic factors of American society and she states that she continues to look for why historical events happen and who made them occur.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis description is taken from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview was conducted and indexed by Teresa Clark. The interview took place on the afternoon of 04/22/2022 over Zoom. Ms. Cleveland discussed her journey as an artist in places like Chicago, Arizona, Williamsburg, and more. She discussed her artistic medium, the themes she draws on, and how her Williamsburg public art sculptures came to be. Ms. Cleveland also embeds her perspective on Williamsburg's public art scene in a story about coming back to the town herself and becoming a mother.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn this interview, Christopher Custalow (a citizen of the Oklahoma Cherokee Nation),\nKody Grant (a citizen of the Pueblo of Isleta and a descendant of the Eastern Band of Cherokee\nIndians), and Martin Saniga (a citizen of the Saponi Tribe out of Person County, North Carolina\nand Halifax County, Virginia) discuss their experiences working as American Indian interpreters\nin the tourism industry and the evolution of Indigenous representation in Colonial Williamsburg.\nThe narrators share information about their personal journeys with their cultural identities, the\ndifficulties and rewards about their career, and their hopes for the expansion of American Indian\nprogramming at Colonial Williamsburg.\nThis interview was conducted by Alison Walsh, and it was indexed by Alex Luck. The entire\ninterview was transcribed. The interview took place during the morning of 04/19/2022 on a\nZoom call.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis description was taken from a headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview was conducted, transcribed and indexed by Teresa Clark, The interview took place on the afternoon of 02/18/2022 at the city Municipal Buildings. Williamsburg Public Art Council members and Tourism Development specialist and WPAC staff liaison Joanna Skrabala discussed their role on the council, their view of public art, and the WPAC's work. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn this interview, Rev. Dr. Julie Grace discusses how her involvement in the Historic First Baptist Church in Williamsburg, VA throughout her childhood led to her career as a minister and her dedication to preserving African American history. She details her family's history living in Williamsburg and working for the Colonial Williamsburg Foundation, her experiences going to segregated schools, and how many Black residents view the tourism districts differently with their ancestors' dispossessions in mind. Dr. Grace describes how her ancestors' 19th-century lives as successful Black business and landowners along Duke of Gloucester Street, like Alexander Dunlop, and the overall prosperity of the African American community in Williamsburg are neglected histories that need to be commemorated in the city's physical landscape. She also expresses her personal thoughts on memorialization of African American history in the Colonial Capital of Virginia. The interview was conducted by undergraduate student Katherine 'Kate' Zabinski and indexed by her classmate Karissa McDonald on April 25, 2022, using the Zoom video conferencing platform. In the interview, Zabinski references the roundtable discussion she previously conducted with other community members who share local history with Dr. Grace. The interview was completed for an oral history research project in AMST 410: the Williamsburg Documentary Project, taught by Professor Michelle Lelièvre.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview was conducted in-person at the Williamsburg Regional Library in\nWilliamsburg, Virginia during the afternoon of April 28th, 2022. This interview was conducted\nby Kirsten Knisely, and it was indexed by Alison Walsh. Robert Haas was the narrator. Mr. Haas\ndescribed his work as the Director of Program Services at the library. This job allows for him to\nplan and coordinate the live performing arts performances within the library theater. Mr. Haas\ndiscussed the history of performing arts at the library, the role of performing arts in\nWilliamsburg, funding and financial situation of the arts in Williamsburg, and his successes and\nfailures within his job. He also discusses the role of the college and tourism in the success of the\nlibrary. He also discusses the importance of increasing diversity. The interview was recorded\nusing a Zoom audio recording device. The interview was just under an hour.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn this interview, Williamsburg resident Neill Hollands describes his job as the president\nof the Board of Directors for the Williamsburg Players. Mr. Hollands has been working with the\nWilliamsburg Players for 10 years.. The Players are a non-profit community theater group that\nruns completely out of their theater on Hubbard Lane. The group typically puts on 12 shows a\nyear that are funded by donations, support from the city, and ticket sales. Hollands discusses the\nfinancial situation of the Players and how COVID-19 impacted in-person activities. The\ninterview continues on to discuss the community building aspect of community theater. He\ndescribes how the theater community is very well-loved among the older community within\nWilliamsburg. Hollands discusses the importance of diversity within the Performing arts world,\nand how the Williamsburg Players work to increase diversity, but ultimately sruggle. This\ninterview was completed as a part of Kirsten Knisely's research project on Performing arts in\nWilliamsburg, Virginia. Knisely conducted the interview in-person using zoom audio recording\ntools. The interview took place on April 24th, 2022 at the James-York Playhouse, where the\nWilliamsburg Players are based. This project is associated with the American Studies program,\nand will complete the AMST 410: Williamsburg Documentary Project, taught by Professor\nMichelle Lelievre.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn this interview, Kirsten Knisely her early childhood and high school years. She\ndescribes her family life and speaks about people she admires. Kirsten grew up in Arlington,\nVirginia and in the interview, she speaks on her high school experience and friendships. Kirsten\ndetails some core memories as well as fandoms she was involved in high school and her beliefs\nin the tooth fairy and Santa. The interview was completed for an assignment in AMST 410:\nWilliamsburg Documentary Project, taught by Professor Michelle Lelièvre.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview was conducted and indexed by Alison Walsh. The entire interview was\ntranscribed using Zoom Video Communications. The interview took place on the\nmorning of 1/30/2022 over Zoom. Ms. Luck describes her life history, including growing\nup in rural North Carolina, grappling with differing viewpoints from her family and\ncommunity, attending the College of William \u0026amp; Mary, her passions for dance and history,\nand significant influences on her life.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview was conducted by Alex Luck and was indexed by Alex Luck. The entire interview was transcribed using Word afterwards. The interview took place on the morning of 1/30/2022 over Zoom. Karissa McDonald discussed topics about different stages of her life, including International Schooling, her college experience, and her plans for graduation. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn this interview, former Williamsburg resident Jessika Weaver Miller (daughter of\nWilliamsburg activist Johnette Gordon Weaver and granddaughter of Highland Park resident\nMyrtle Gordon) describes her professional experiences in the U.S. Navy and in insurance work\nand education in Australia. She speaks about joining the Navy after attending the U.S. Naval\nAcademy and starting a family with her Australian husband in Australia. There, she developed\nan interest in local Indigenous cultures and decided to pursue teaching professionally. Miller\ndescribes her decision to teach in the Torres Strait, a remote northern island region populated by\nIndigenous communities. She talks about the challenges of cross-cultural teaching and working\nin a remote school with limited technological resources and low literacy rates, and her effort to\nstart a Navy Cadet program in the area. She then shifts to discuss her own educational experience\nin Williamsburg, Virginia, particularly at Jamestown High School, a majority-white school. She\nspeaks to her involvement with the First Baptist Church in Williamsburg and her relationship\nwith churches in Australia. The interview concludes with a discussion of her two elementary\nschool-aged children and her educational and social goals for them. This interview was\nconducted by undergraduate W\u0026amp;M senior Jamie Carkenord on April 29, 2022 using the Zoom\nvideo conferencing platform. Jessika Miller was Zooming in from Thursday Island, Australia, so\nher local time was 9:00am on April 30th. This interview was completed as part of Carkenord's\nresearch project in AMST 410: Williamsburg Documentary Project, taught by Professor\nMichelle Lelièvre.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview was conducted in-person by Teresa Clark and indexed by Katherine Zabinski at the Culture Fix building located at 410 Francis St. in Williamsburg, VA on the morning of 4/27/2022. Mrs. Wendy Miller discussed her experiences as a long-time resident of Williamsburg who captures local experiences as the director and photographer of Culture Fix.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview was conducted by and indexed by Karissa McDonald. The entire interview was later transcribed using Otter.ai. The interview took place on the afternoon of 4/12/2021 over Zoom. Mr. Russell discussed his life and work history, his experiences with ghost stories, and the famous ghost stories of Williamsburg. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn this interview, Martin Saniga, who identifies as Saponi, Native, and American, discusses how growing up in Newport News, Virginia with his white mother and adoptive white father initially made him feel removed from his Saponi culture. He gradually reclaimed his culture by involving himself and making a difference within the Indigenous community of the greater Williamsburg area. On top of his career, he works with an Indigenous youth culture camp and is the president of a nonprofit language revitalization consortium. Mr. Saniga describes his career path: first joining the Coast Guard, later working as a site supervisor for Jamestown Settlement, and now working as an interpreter and head of the American Indian Initiative for Colonial Williamsburg. Mr. Saniga answers questions about the public reception of recent American Indian programming, museum ownership of Indigenous objects, the migration history of the Saponi people, William \u0026amp; Mary's complicated relationship with the local Indigenous community, and the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on his work. \nThe interview was conducted by undergraduate students Alex Luck and Alison Walsh on February 24th, 2022 using the Zoom video conferencing platform. The interview was indexed by undergraduate students Kirsten Knisely and Karissa McDonald. The interview was completed for the Guest Interview assignment in AMST 410: Williamsburg Documentary Project, taught by Professor Michelle Lelièvre.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nThis description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWithin this interview on January 30th, 2022 at 10:15am, Kirsten Knisely interviews her peer Alison Walsh. After Alison approves consent to conduct the interview, Kirsten begins her questions. Throughout the interview, Kirsten asks Alison questions concerning her youth and growing up, particularly what she was interested in as a kid and throughout high school. Alison describes her passions for sports and extracurriculars. She also describes her family and their importance to her. Kirsten continues to ask Alison about her time at William and Mary, what she is involved in, and who she spends her time with. Alison talks about her participation in a multitude of extracurricular activities and talks about her closest friends in college. The interview then moves to discussing the future, where Alison describes her plans to be an environmental lawyer and potentially starting a family one day. At the end of the interview, Alison signs the deed of gift form. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn this interview, Ms. Johnette Weaver discusses how her personal history and education in Williamsburg, VA shaped her work as an advocate for social justice. She describes her family's arrival in Virginia in the late 17th century, their dislocations, and eventual establishment in Highland Park. Ms. Weaver explains her complicated relationship with the Colonial Williamsburg Foundation alongside her pride in the work she has done as an interpreter there. She tells of her lifelong love of reading and of her choice to attend the historically Black college, Hampton University. Ms. Weaver discusses her social media manager position with Williamsburg Action, a social justice advocacy group that formed in 2020. The interview was conducted by undergraduate students Katherine Zabinski and Teresa Clark on February 15, 2022, using the Zoom video conferencing platform. In the interview, Clark and Zabinski reference the background knowledge they received about Johnette Weaver from assignments conducted in their undergraduate course AMST 410: Williamsburg Documentary Project, taught by Professor Michelle Lelièvre. Both the class assignment observations and interview were completed for an assignment in AMST 410.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn this interview, William and Mary student Katherine Zabinski describes her upbringing in a\nmilitary family, how it exposed her to other cultures and helped inform her passion for American\nhistory, and also describes her path to the college and the love of hip hop DJing she picked up\nhere. Zabinski narrates her family's moves from California to Washington State to Virginia,\nwhere she has lived since middle school. She explains that she does not consider uprooting\nmultiple times a downside, except that she finds it awkward trying to describe where she is from.\nOn the contrary, she describes how living in multiple places exposed her to more diverse\nAmerican cultures, growing familiar with Native and Chicano communities in California,\nIndigenous and Asian-American communities in Washington, and Black communities along with\nother diverse cultures in Virginia. She describes moving to Virginia and the South as a culture\nshock, but enjoyed the diverse geographies along with the diverse cultures: the California\ndeserts, Washington mountains, and Virginia cotton and cornfields. Zabinski describes the roots\nof her interest in history and the way attending predominantly Black middle and high schools\nand becoming friends with Black women inspired her to learn more about African-American\nhistory and American history that acknowledges white supremacy. She narrates how she came to\nbe interested in William \u0026amp; Mary. Initially having thought to join the military or attend\ncosmetology school, it was her teachers who encouraged her to take summer classes in the\nNIAHD program at the college, causing her to fall in love with the campus and with colonial to\nrevolutionary American history—with Richmond as one focus. Zabinski closes the interview by\ndescribing the extracurricular she has most enjoyed at William and Mary: the SOUL students of\nhip hop legacy club. She describes her involvement in the executive and social media branches\nof the club, and the DJing she had the opportunity to on a large and small scale during her time\nhere.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn this interview, American Studies and Gender, Sexuality and Women's Studies (GSWS)\nProfessor Leisa Meyer narrates their experience living in Williamsburg, Virginia, and the\nsurrounding areas as it pertains to the Queer community. Professor Meyer begins with detailing\ntheir life as a Professor at William and Mary, how much they care for their students and reform,\nand how they came to be a Professor and long-time resident of Williamsburg. They explain how\nthe surrounding areas of Williamsburg have a more lively Queer presence, and details some of\nthe history behind the notorious Gay/Lesbian bars in these more urbanized towns. Throughout\nthe interview, there are discussions of what qualifies as a Queer space, what Williamsburg and\nthe Queer community in the town can do to advance their presence in the Colonial city, and ends\nwith concluding remarks about Williamsburg as a whole.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview is conducted by Natalie Corsello and indexed by Emma Blackwood. The interview is transcribed by Abby Mendez (they/them). The interview took place in person in the Haven on April 16th at 11:00am. Liz Cascone discusses her background in terms of education and her journey leading up to their move to Williamsburg, as well as her thoughts on the difficulties of finding Queer community and spaces as a non-student, non-retiree in Williamsburg.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn this interview, Marcus Banks Jr. discusses his upbringing in the sports world and those who have positively influenced his journey as a basketball player. A native of the Williamsburg and Newport News areas, Banks begins by explaining who introduced him to the game of basketball and how he fell in love with it. He discusses his experience with basketball prior to college, transferring to different high schools, and the process by which he developed his skills on and off the court, as well as how he was able to overcome adversity. He speaks on what the game has meant to him throughout his life, the various coaches who have helped mold him into the young man he is today, and teammates he has had the pleasure of playing alongside. Finally, Marcus elaborates on the countless lessons, skills, and experiences that basketball has afforded him, and how these things can be applied to other areas of his life.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn the following oral history, John McGlennon, a Professor in Government at the College of\nWilliam \u0026amp; Mary and member of the Board of Supervisors of James City County, Virginia, discusses his\ninterest in politics as a youth, his education and activities at Fordham University and Johns Hopkins\nUniversity, and his participation in the Democratic Party in Williamsburg, Virginia. McGlennon explains\nhow his New York childhood and background as a first-generation college student sparked his initial\ninterest in politics, particularly in the Kennedy presidency. His increasing dissatisfaction with the Johnson\npresidency led McGlennon to become involved in the high school and college newspapers, which instilled\na belief in the consequence of journalism and academia as avenues for influencing politics. McGlennon\ndescribes his impressions of the First Congressional District of Virginia upon arriving in Williamsburg in\n1974, detailing his rise through the local Democratic Party from 1978 to 1981. Finally, he outlines his\n1982 strategy to campaign against then-State Senator Herb Bateman in the general election for the First\nCongressional District of Virginia, including how he solicited PAC funds, participated in\ncandidate-on-candidate debates, and the role of abortion in determining the final vote outcome.\nWilliamsburg Documentary Project student Caleb Fulford conducted the interview on April 2, 2024, at\n9:00 am with an Amcrest USB Microphone. Fulford and indexer Seth Novak reference the class\nassignment involving the interview in AMST 410: Williamsburg Documentary Project, taught by\nProfessor Michelle Lelièvre.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview was conducted by Natalie Lopez and was indexed by Abigail Swanberg. This interview was transcribed by Natalie Lopez. It took place on April 17, 2024 in Swem Room 168. Cecilia Weaver discusses her internship experience at Colonial National Historical Park, her other internships and jobs, and her time at William \u0026amp; Mary. Topics of this interview include interning, archaeology, Geographic Information System (GIS), public history, museum work, and interpretation.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn this interview, Sam Beavin discusses the culture of music in Williamsburg and how people participate in it. He begins with his background of growing up in Parkland, Florida, and what music is common to that area. He then speaks about his involvement in a student band, Halcyon Lane, and their interactions with other bands on campus. He mentions his influences and genre tastes, and how those compare to the music he plays for Halcyon Lane. He then goes on to describe the locations he has played at, such as the Meridian, the Amphitheater, Sadler Center, Merchants' Square, and on a float during the 2023 Homecoming Parade. He elaborates on the people who listen to him play and how they identify, specifically whether there are students or otherwise. Sam concludes that he is more connected to the William and Mary music community, though enjoys those connections and is content with them. The interview was conducted by undergraduate student Seth Novak on April 7th, 2024, using Zoom H8 Digital Recorders in Earl Gregg Swem Library for the American Studies department Williamsburg Documentary Project.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMaureen Anderson was interviewed was by Abigail Swanberg. The interview was indexed by Joey Houska and Anika Ahammad. The entire interview was transcribed. The interview took place on the afternoon of 4/12/2024 in person at 3312 N Riverside Drive Lanexa 23089. The interview contains topics including family, stating a business, creating and running a farmer's market, self-sufficiency, farming, living in a historic house, and COVID-19.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview was conducted by Abigail Swanberg and indexed by Caleb Fulford and Gabe Dorsey. The interview occurred on April 26th, 2024, at 1:00 pm in Swem Library Room 118. This interview was conducted as part of the Williamsburg Documentary Project. Joey Houska is a senior at the College of William \u0026amp; Mary. They started and currently lead the Toano Walking Tour Project. This interview contains topics including revitalization efforts, community, William \u0026amp; Mary, walking arts, leadership, Ohio, and advocacy work.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn this interview, Abigail Swanberg discusses a condensed \"life history\", beginning with her life and family in Appomattox, Virginia, and continuing on to other topics such as her interest in football and participation in the marching band. She describes her high school experience under Covid-19 and how it differed from her introduction to college. Finally, she ponders her life goals and ultimate aspirations. The interview was conducted by undergraduate student Seth Novak on January 28th, 2024 using the Zoom video conferencing platform. This interview was completed for an assignment in AMST 410: Williamsburg Documentary Project, taught by Professor Michelle Lelièvre.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn this interview, Caleb Fulford discusses his upbringing and how his parents' relative youth and complex relationship impacted him as a child, as well as his relationship with his younger sisters. He also discusses the impact of his friendship with his current roommate Georgia, who he has been friends with since middle school. He describes how his learning difficulties in school encouraged him to join the debate team and, later, pursue a legal career. He also speaks about how his family's religious differences impacted his ideas about politics. The interview was conducted by undergraduate student Natalie Lopez on January 30, 2024 using the Zoom video conferencing platform. This interview was completed for an assignment in AMST 410: Williamsburg Documentary Project, taught by Professor Michelle Lelièvre.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn this interview, Deja Williams discusses her upbringing and college experience. She describes where she is from, schools attended, the decision to come to William \u0026amp; Mary, and college extracurriculars, including improv comedy and the desire to play an intramural sport.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn this interview, Emma Blackwood discusses her upbringing in Richmond, VA and her experiences through private school preparing her for college. She describes how quarantine impacted her family, as well as her transition to William and Mary. Soon to be graduating, Emma Blackwood outlines her post-college plans for law school, especially in environmental justice advocacy. The interview was conducted by undergraduate student Anika Ahammad on January 29, 2024 using the Zoom video conferencing platform. The interview was completed for an assignment in AMST 410: Williamsburg Documentary Project, taught by Professor Michelle Lelièvre.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn the following interview, Gabe Dorsey discusses his early childhood and how his parents instilled an unwavering dedication to work, discipline, and spirituality. Gabe recalls deriving his name from the biblical archangel Gabriel, who declared to the Virgin Mary that she had been selected to bear the Son of God and served as a touchstone throughout his upbringing. He describes attending church every Sunday with his immediate family—his mother, father, two older brothers, and grandparents—and values the faith he observed between his parents as a marital unit. Gabe also reflects on how family, early education, and recreational athletics led him to pursue and compete in collegiate basketball at the College of William \u0026amp; Mary. He credits his father, a former college basketball player, with inspiring him and emphasizing the academic benefits of such a sport. I completed the interview for an assignment in the Williamsburg Documentary Project, taught by Professor Michelle Lelièvre.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview was conducted by Gabe Dorsey and was indexed by Caleb Fulford. The entire interview was transcribed. The interview took place on the evening of 1/30/2024 over Zoom. Ms. Lopez gives a brief background on her hometown, upbringing, family life, and her ambitions as a motivated William and Mary student. She gives insight regarding her experiences being a kid from the west coast studying on the east coast, a young girl growing up in a Mexican household and a young woman discovering more and more about herself as she travels and grows through life. \"In the words of Walt Whitman, 'we all contain multitudes'\".\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn this interview, Seth Novak discusses his experiences moving around Arlington, Virginia. He also talks about his family and the pets that his family has owned over the years, mostly cats. He talks about his experience volunteering at the Heritage Humane Society. Seth Novak also mentioned how he ended up at William \u0026amp; Mary, his current thoughts on being a senior who is graduating early, and his post-graduation plans.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn this interview, Laura Gonzalez Castro discusses her personal and professional life, their interaction, and what her work means to her. She describes her youth in Havana, Cuba, and how her experiences were similar and different from other citizens. She also discusses her immigration to the United States and the efforts that went into finding work here, bringing her family members, and how she ended up in Virginia. Gonzalez Castro then goes on to talk about her professional life in the Center for Child and Family Services, and how terminology can have a large impact on the clients she takes in, especially those considered \"undocumented\". Interest is also paid to her education in Cuba, as well as personal life, such as travels across Europe and domestically. The interview was conducted by undergraduate students Abby Mendez and Seth Novak on March 5th, 2024, using DGI microphones.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis Williamsburg Documentary Project guest interview was conducted in the dining area in the basement of First Baptist Church in Williamsburg, Virginia. Molly Robinson conducted the interview and Michelle Lelièvre indexed. Students enrolled in the WDP also attended and interacted with Mrs. Montgomery during the interview. Prior to sitting down with us, Mrs. Montgomery gave the class a tour of the historic First Baptist Church. This enriching tour took up much of our class period, so Mrs. Montgomery scheduled a follow-up oral history that took place on April 4, 2024. In this first interview, she discusses growing up in Winter Park, Florida, attending Hungerford High School in Eatonville, FL, traveling and performing with musician Bill Doggett, raising her daughter during her career as a musician, getting married and moving to Williamsburg, starting credit unions in the town, and entering various leadership positions, including Chairperson of the History Ministry at First Baptist Church. The recording is punctuated with sounds of a phone ringing (@ 7:20 and 9:18). Mrs. Montgomery can also be heard speaking to other members of First Baptist who were in the church during the interview (@ 19:27, 36:19, and 49:10). Around 49:00, several students had to excuse themselves to attend another class.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis oral history was a follow-up to the oral history interview conducted with Mrs. Liz Montgomery by the Williamsburg Documentary Project on February 22, 2024. Both interviews were conducted by Molly Robinson, with questions developed by Molly Robinson and Michelle Lelièvre. Given the expansive nature of Mrs. Montgomery's first interview, the WDP invited her to conduct a second interview where we could explore in greater depth some of the many fascinating topics she introduced, including her experience as a jazz vocalist touring with Bill Doggett in the 1960's, her work to establish credit unions at Colonial Williamsburg and Busch Gardens, her work as a mother raising children in Williamsburg, and her leadership at the First Baptist Church. Mrs. Montgomery was very generous with her responses and shared details of her life that she had not previously disclosed publicly. She ended her interview by singing (unrehearsed!) a few bars from \"Sometimes I Feel Like a Motherless Child.\" The Williamsburg Documentary Project was honored to welcome Mrs. Montgomery and receive the gift of her stories.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn the following oral history, Meredith Poole, a Staff Archaeologist with the Colonial Williamsburg Foundation, discusses how discovering a fossil in her backyard at an early age sparked her passion for archaeology. She also cites numerous educators, from her elementary school teacher to a professor with whom Poole traveled to Belize for a semester abroad, as inspiratory figures in the initial development of her almost 39-year career. Poole explains how working on the 1985 excavation of the Shields Tavern site while completing her Master's Thesis for her MA in Anthropology from William \u0026amp; Mary helped to both ground her roots in the Williamsburg community and provide her with invaluable on-the-ground skills, such as appreciating the value of minute details and archeological storytelling, that would become central in her later work. She discusses her contributions to the 2022 excavation of the First Baptist Church Cite as among her proudest projects, describing the uncovering of such a personal history for the descendant community as a fulfilling process that exemplifies the value of archaeology. Poole also explains how she balanced her dual interests in fieldwork and obligations as a public-facing archaeologist with the Colonial Williamsburg Foundation, recalling as paramount her skills in creative writing and community development. She advises future archaeologists to focus on a specialized field of research that interests them and communicate the relevant knowledge in ways that the general public can understand and appreciate. Williamsburg Documentary Project students Caleb Fulford and Abigail Swanberg conducted the interview on February 20, 2024, at 2:00 pm with a Zoom H4N and DGI microphones provided by graduate student Molly Robinson. Fulford, Swanberg, and indexer Natalie Lopez reference the class assignment involving the interview in AMST 410: Williamsburg Documentary Project, taught by Professor Michelle Lelièvre.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview was conducted by Natalie Corsello and Emma Blackwood and was indexed by Anika Ahammad. The entire interview was transcribed. The interview took place on the afternoon of 2/13/2024 in person at Boswell Hall Room# 40 on 100 Ukrop Way, Williamsburg, VA. Tijuana Reeve discussed her journey to William \u0026amp; Mary, her advocacy in the Cape Henry Project, and also her personal experiences with pregnancy, stillbirth, and motherhood.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn this interview, Diane Langhorst discusses her experience of belonging and community as a student at the College of William and Mary in the class of 1968, detailing her life in chapters. She discusses the impact of being the middle child and the oldest daughter growing up in the church and transitioning to becoming a student. Further, she recalls the cultural changes of living in Williamsburg, as her parents didn't visit and there were no black students on campus,\nstating that the campus was isolated and segregated. She recounts how her religion fostered community, enabling a closer connection between her and her friends. She discusses how William and Mary felt insulated, how she felt little connection to the community outside of campus, and comments on the lack of news and political discussion. Diane cites the liberal arts education at the college as the inspiration for her study of sociology and subsequent career in social work. This interview was conducted by undergraduate students Caroline Cromwell and Leah Schrum and was indexed by Sarah Kinlaw. The interview took place in the Samuel E. Jones building on the William and Mary campus on the afternoon of 3/6/2025. This interview was conducted for research purposes by the Williamsburg Documentary Project, taught by\nMolly Robinson and Tijuana Reeve.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis description is taken from the headnote for the oral history. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn this interview, Zach Meredith discusses how his experience as a student at William and Mary shaped his understanding of community and belonging. He discusses how he was drawn to W\u0026amp;M for its intellectual community, and subsequently found his community through the American Studies department and the Williamsburg Documentary Project course. Further, Zach details how the WDP exposed him to new ways of approaching history through archive work and understanding of his positionality. He recounts how his research on the Triangle Block during the WDP developed into his senior thesis project, \"Urban Renewal in the Colonial Capital: Contextualizing the Williamsburg Redevelopment \u0026amp; Housing Authority\"(2019). Now teaching at the same high school in Durham, North Carolina that he attended as a student, Zach\nhopes to develop a Durham History elective, incorporating aspects from the WDP. This interview was conducted by undergraduate students Sarah Kinlaw and Leah Schrum and was indexed by Caroline Cromwell. The interview took place in the Samuel E. Jones building on the William and Mary campus and on Zoom on the afternoon of 3/4/2025. This interview was conducted for research purposes by the Williamsburg Documentary Project, taught by Molly Robinson and Tijuana Reeve.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection is composed of material collected and created by the Williamsburg Documentary Project. The Williamsburg Documentary Project conducts oral history interviews and builds physical and digital archives, as well as other activities, through which it interprets the past of Williamsburg, Virginia.","The collection includes publications, news clippings, interviews, and planning documents about Merchant's Square, New Town, food, immigration, as well as events related to Williamsburg history. Events documented in this collection include the removal of a cross from the chapel in the William \u0026 Mary Wren Building at the direction of College President Gene R. Nichol. ","This sub-series contains oral history interviews from 1995-2012. Interviewees consist primarily of William \u0026 Mary students, William \u0026 Mary Faculty, and Williamsburg and James City County residents. Interviews have related oral history materials in the William \u0026 Mary digital archive. The suberies is arranged in alphabetical order by last name of interviewee.","File contains deed of gift, detailed, time-stamped summary of interview, and written summary of oral history interview conducted by Graham DeZarn. Mr. Abbott speaks about his family history, the work his architectural firm does, and the importance of understanding the history of the area. He speaks about the progect at Polegreen Church in Hanover County, VA and the preservation of historic and agricultural land.","This sub- series contains oral history deeds, transcripts and notes from 1995-2012.","Final papers for student projects consist of a variety of subjects on the community life and culture within Williamsburg and surrounding environs. Some of these topics have related oral history and digital materials in the William \u0026 Mary digital archive. This series contains student project map diaries from 2008-2012. Students track their locations and movements for a 24 hour period to construct a map diary of their day. There is no prescribed format for the map diary. The bulk of the series is arranged by project title.","Please note that select student papers are restricted from viewing due to privacy. Please consult with a staff member for assistance. ","This series contains research materials on the following subjects: : Old Town/New Town, Food and Poverty in Williamsburg and Wren Cross controversy, Battle of Williamsburg Commemoration, J1 Work Visas, Retirement in Williamsburg and Development of Quarterpath Road. There are also oral history materials from the Grass Roots Theater (1998-1999). Old Town/New Town: Merchants Square material, Merchants Square Real Estate Operations, The NewTowner magazines, Next Door Neighbor magazine, and newspaper clippings for 2007. Food and Poverty in Williamsburg: USDA Brochures (2007), Statistics, Information, Advertisements (2010), SHIP (2010), Food Bank Study (2004), Community Health Report (2005) Wren Cross controversy: Emails, Websites and notes used in compiling final report. Battle of Williamsburg Commemoration: Notes J1 Work Visas: Briefings, Regulations, Court Case, and notes used in compiling final report. All from 2010. Retirement in Williamsburg: Reports and Brochures, Journal Articles, Tourism directory, and newspaper clippings.","Williamsburg, Virginia, Traffic Lights, 35 x 21 cm, color Williamsburg, Virginia, Original City and Subsequent Annexation, 28 x 43cm, Color, ca 1984 Williamsburg, Virginia,, Williamsburg in the '20 and '30s, 21 x 28cm, Black \u0026 White James City County, 29.5 x 43cm, color, 2006 Williamsburg, Virginia, Comprehensive Plan, 42.5 x 54.5 cm, color, 2006 Williamsburg, Virginia, Zoning Districts, 1 of 3, 42.5 x 34 cm, color, February 13, 2003 Williamsburg, Virginia, Architectual Review Distircts, 42.5 x 34 cm, 2 of 3, color, March 9, 2006 Williamsburg, Virginia, Zoning Districts, 3 of 3, 42.5 x 34 cm, color, February 13, 2003 Williamsburg, Virginia, Zoning Map, 91 x 58 cm, black \u0026 white, July 1, 1966, 2 copies Williamsburg, Virginia, Zoning Map, 91 x 58 cm, black \u0026 white, August,1972, Res'C', March 26, 1981 Williamsburg, Virginia, Zoning Map, 91 x 58 cm, black \u0026 white, August,1972, ' March 23, 1987, 2 copies Williamsburg, Virginia, Zoning Map, 91 x 58 cm, black \u0026 white, August,1972, January 1, 1975, 2 copies Williamsburg, Virginia, Zoning Map, 91 x 58 cm, black \u0026 white, July 1964 Williamsburg, Virginia, Real Property Grid Index, 91 x 58 cm, color, July 13, 2004","Al Albert is the a former soccer coach at William and Mary and is credited with founding the Tidewater Soccer camp. He speaks about his background and the founding of the camp. Folder contains a summary and index of the interview.","Douglas Austin speaks about his time growing up in the Williamsburg James City County School System and his time at Bruton Heights, previously and African American only school. Folder contains and index and transcript of the interview.","Dr. Bernacki is a general practitioner who has been practicing in Williamsburg since the 1980s. Dr. Bernacki speaks about his past as a medical student at Georgetown, his time as a physician in the Air Force, the growth he has seen in the Williamsburg medical community, and his belief in the Affordable Care Act (ACA). Folder contains a summary and index of the interview.","Dr. Brown speaks about the past medical community of Williamsburg and his disagreement with the Affordable Care Act (ACA). Folder contains a summary and index of the interview.","Lauren Brown speaks about growing up in Williamsburg and the tourism industry. Folder contains an index of the interview.","Sarah Cate-Pizarro is a student at William and Mary and speaks about her life in Richmond, VA, he plans for the future, her travels, and her family. Folder contains an index and transcript of the interview.","Linda Chemlow has been in Williamsburg since 1989 and speaks about her work in the medical field including her personal and professional attitudes towards the Affordable Care Act (ACA). Folder contains a summary and index of the interview.","John Daly is the Head Women's Soccer Coach at William and Mary College. He speaks about how he got involved in soccer and his work at the Tidewater Soccer Camp as a coach. The file contains a transcript of the interview.","Mrs. Elston is the president of the Williamsburg chapter of the William and Mary Alumni Association. She speaks about the association, changes in Williamsburg since she was a student, her and her family's involvement in the community, and her relationship with the US Navy. The folder contains a summary and index of the interview.","Mr. Hamant is the former director of Evening and Special Programs at Colonial Williamsburg. He spoke about how he came to Williamsburg, his time as a Senior Archeologist for Colonial Williamsburg, and his development of popular ghost tours in Colonial Williamsburg. The folder contains a transcript of the interview.","Jane Hanson is the supervisor of the Governor's Musick Ensemble. She gives a comprehensive history of early music performance, the benefits and drawbacks of a resident ensemble, and the difficulties the ensemble face. The folder contains a summary of the interview.","Mayor Clyde Haulmand describes his previous involvement on the Board for the local chapter of Big Brothers Big Sisters. He also discusses how the city of Williamsburg addresses the problem of at-risk and disadvantaged youth. The folder contains a summary and index of the interview.","Sister Rose Morris is a teacher at Walsingham Academy, a Catholic school in Williamsburg. Mary Johnston was a student and teacher at Walsingham and at the time of the interview works as the vice principal of the lower school. Sister Rose speaks of the school's history and its religious diversity. Mary speaks about being a non-Catholic student and teacher at the school. Both speak about the schools relationship to the community. The folder contains an index and transcript of the inteview.","Mrs. Jowett is the Career and Technical Education Curriculum leader at Jamestown High. Mrs. Jowett speaks about her experiences with the supernatural at the high school as well as encounters at her home in Yorktown. The folder contains a summary and index of the interview.","Ms. King is the CEO at the Greater Virginia Peninsula branch of Big Brothers Big Sisters. Ms. King discusses the function and organization of this chapter as well as its fundraisers and events. This folder contains an index and transcript of the interview.","Judy Knudson is the executive director of Olde Towne Medical Center. She speaks about the growing number of retirees in the community, the growth of the medical field in Williamsburg, and the benefits of the Affordable Care Act (ACA). The folder contains a summary, index, and transcript of the interview.","Jake Lewitz is an senior at William and Mary College. He discusses his hometown of Marin, California and what it was like growing up there. He also discussed his busy schedule and many school activities. Jake Lewitz is interested in the Public Health sector. This folder contains an index and transcript of the interview.","Professor Marshall teaches at William and Mary and was member of the Governor's Musick ensemble. Prof. Marshall speaks of the benefits of playing in a small resident ensemble as well as the lack of support by the Colonial Williamsburg Foundation. The folder contains a summary and index of the interview.","Kalynn McLane is a student at William and Mary American Studies program. She speaks about her family, her love of William and Mary, her academics, and her summer study abroad in Cape Town. The folder contains an index and transcript of the interview.","Mr. Moss's speaks of his musical life prior to beginning to play withthe Governor's Musick ensemble, his musical travel, and teaching life. He also give a history of the music that would have been played in the colonial era in Williamsburg. In a follow up interview Mr. Moss discusses the role that the Governor's Musick has played within the living museum and the nature of their engagements while he has been a member. Mr. Moss also discussed the changing attitudes towards music in society todya and his uncertainty about the groups future. The folder contains summaries and indexes for both interviews.","Hannah Ostroff is a student at William and Mary. She speaks about her childhood and her decision to attend William and Mary as well as her time at the school. Ostroff speaks about her experiences with the William and Mary Choir and Sinfonicron. The folder contains an index and transcript of the interview.","Lance Pedigo speaks about his love of music growing up and how he now runs the Fife and Drum Corps in Williamsburg. The folder contains indices of the interview.","Mrs. Pedigo works in the Williamsburg-James City County public school system. She speaks about her time working at Matthew Whaley Elementary School and working in the media center at Rawls Byrd Elementary School. She discusses the changes to the city and the school system since she began working in Williamsburg in 1959. The folder contains a summary and index of the interview.","Mr. and Mrs. Perkins are both graduates of William and Mary and speak about their time as active participants in Greek life on campus. They discuss the changes to Williamsburg and William and Mary since their graduation as well as their current church life and as members of the Olde Guarde Council. The folder contains an index and transcript of the interview.","Mr. Carnifax is the Director of Parks and Recreation for James City County and Mr. Powell is the Assistant City Manager. They speak about athletics and local field use. They also speak about the Warhill Sports Complex, what it provides the community, and how youth athletics can economically benefit the community. This folder contains a summary of the interview.","Rachel Quinones is a student at William and Mary. She speaks about her childhood, religion, music, and her impending graduation. The folder contains an index and transcript of the interview.","Mr. Riley speaks about the Kimball theater and film in Williamsburg. The folder contains indices of the interview.","Mr. Scrofani speaks about the Williamsburg Indoor Sports Complex, how it was created and funded, and the impact the WISC has on the community. The folder contains a summary of the interview.","Willie Shaw is a student at William and Mary. He speaks about his childhood, his family, his passion for athletics, and his relationship with music. He also speaks about how he came to William and Mary and his plans for the future. The folder contains an index and transcript of the interview.","Lauren Stephenson is a student at William and Mary. She speaks about her childhood, growing up in suburban Chicago, her Jewish community, and her TV journalist experience. She also speaks about her experiences at William and Mary. The folder contains a transcript of the interview.","Lisa Thomas has been a Big Sister through the local chapter of Big Brothers Big Sisters since 1985. She discusses her role and responsiblities of a Big Sister and her personal experiences with her Little Sisters. In the follow up interview Lisa Thomas speaks about her experience at Eastern State Hospital, how her work for Child Development Resources (CDR) fits into the Williamsburg community assisting disabled children, at-risk children, and those that come from non-English speaking families, and how changing legislation and federal grant money alters the CDR's focus. The folder contains summaries and indices of the interviews.","Jacqueline Vasquez is a student at William and Mary. She discusses her childhood in Texas and her relationships with her family. She speaks about her middle and high school experiences such as participation in student government and sports. She also speaks about her decision to come to William and Mary and her involvement in Phi Beta Phi Sorority, the Club Lacross team, and her volunteer work at the Democratic National Convention in 2012. This folder contains a transcript of the interview.","Mr. Watson is the longest-working musician of the Governor's Musick Ensemble. He speaks about the historical musical performace practices and institutional knowledge. He discusses the transition in Colonial Williamsburg to historically accurate music practices, his own history with early music and the role of the Governor's Musick at the institution. The folder contains an index and transcript of the interview.","The four narrators are all William and Mary Alumni who reside in the Williamsburg Landing Retirement Community. The residents share stories from their time at William and Mary, speak about their love of the College, what has changed since they were students, why they decided to move to Williamsburg, why they remain involved in the College community, and why they think alumni retire to Williamsburg and other college towns. The folder contains a summary of the conversation as well as short biographies of the four narrators.","Lynn Wolfe works in administration at Child Development and speaks about the fundraising efforts of CDR as well as CDR's connection with insurance companies, public schools, and the community in general. She also speaks about her time at William and Mary and her reasons for living in Williamsburg. The folder contains a summary and index of the interview.","Timothy Wolfe work in the College of William and Mary Admissions Office. He previously worked at Walsingham Academy for two years in the early 2000s as their Director of College Counseling. He speaks about enjoying his time at Walsingham, his experiences as a non-Catholic staff member, and the perception of Walsingham in the community. The folder contains a summary and index of the interview.","Kris Yeager is a student at William and Mary. He speaks about his childhood and family as well as his gymnastics career as part of the Varsity gymnastics team at William and Mary. He discusses his struggles with gymnastics due to medical issues and his future as part of Teach for America in Las Vegas. The folder contains and index and transcript of the interview.","Folder contains brief biographies of the students taking part in the Williamsburg Documentary Project (WDP) in 2013.","WDP student Sarah Cate-Pizarro's final project on ghost lore and ghost tours in Williamsburg. The folder contains copy and description of a survey map of Williamsburg, several advertisements for various ghost tours, and a research paper.","The folder contains a research paper on responses to the Affordable Care Act (ACA) in Williamsburg and excerpts from the Virginia Gazette on national health care reform.","Folder contains a research paper on Big Brothers Big Sisters of Williamsburg.","The folder contains various articles, studies, and webpages about Big Brothers Big Sisters printed out as well as various documents from the organization.","The folder contains various program guides for Colonial Williamsburg, an article by Rohald Broude about music in Colonial Williamsburg in Early Music America, and a research paper about the Governor's Musick in Colonial Williamsburg.","The folder contains a research paper about Walsingham Academy.","The folder contains a research paper about youth athletics in Williamsburg","The folder contains a research paper about William and Mary alumni retiring in Williamsburg.","Folder contains a research paper on the evolution of the Williamsburg-James City County School System.","The folder contains a research paper about Child Developent Resources (CDR) in Williamsburg.","The folder contains a written description of student Rachel Quinones's map diary project which details a map of her day.","Folder contains several maps and a reflective essay.","Folder contains maps and relfective essay.","Folder contains maps and a reflective essay.","Folder contains maps and a reflective essay.","Folder contains a map and a reflective essay.","Folder contains maps and a reflective essay.","Folder contains maps and a reflective essay.","Folder contains maps and a reflective essay.","Folder contains a variety of research papers on various topics in Williamsburg such as the LGBTQ community, downtown Williamsburg, the WCWM-FM which is William and Mary's radio station, alternative education, agriculture, local food, the Catholic community, Gene Nichol who is the 26th president of the College of William and Mary, racism inx the mid-20th century, and Meridian Coffeehouse.","The folder contains maps and reflective essays.","Folder contains a research paper on the Temple Beth El and Jewish community of Williamsburg.","The folder contains a research report on Williamsburg 2009 3-person rule zoning ordinance.","The folder contains a research paper on the Kingsmill gated community and overall perceptions of gated communities in Williamsburg.","Folder contains a research on the Magruder community which was displaced when Camp Peary was established. Additionally, the folder contains copies of relevant photographs and reports.","Mr. Boelt's family has a long history in Williamsburg and as a history buff he has a great deal of knowledge of the Williamsburg area, especially surrounding William and Mary. He speaks about how Williamsburg has changed, specifically in relation to the three person zoning rule and the transition of his childhood home on Richmond Ave. becoming a rental. The folder contains an index and transcript of the interview.","Chris Connolly serves on the City Planning Commission fot the city government and the branch that enforces the three-person rule. The folder contains a summary and index of the interview.","Mrs. Fleck speaks about her history as a military wife before coming to Williamsburg and running the Applewood Bed and Breakfast. She also discussed being a newcomer to the hospitality industry, the relationship between the Bed and Breakfast Network and the local government, and the importance of an internet prescence and marketing. The folder contains a summary, index, and transcrip of the interview.","Mr. Goddin is a vocal opponent of the three-person zoning rule and advocated for an expansion to four people. He speaks about the tension at the time (late 2000s), his arrival in Williamsburg, his neighborhood through the years, his thoughts on current compromises to the rule, his position as a homeowner, and his perspectives on how to move forward balancing student and resident concerns. The folder contains a summary and index of the interview.","Bruce Larson is a civilian working for the Department of Defense (Navy) as the Senior Archaeologist and Cultural Resources Branch Head for Naval Facilities Engineering Command (NAVFAC). Mr. Larson speaks about his education, career, the value of interdisciplinary methodology when working with cultural resources, and the 1966 National Historic Preservation Act. The folder contains an index and transcript of the interview as well as a copy of Mr. Larson's curriculum vitae.","Mr. McGurk is a media correspondent for Kingsmill United. He speaks on how he came to Williamsburg, his experience as a Kingsmill resident, and the history of Kingsmill. The folder contains an index and transcript of the interview.","Tyler Morris currently lives at Fred Boelt's childhood home and sheds some light on how the property is used today and what the surrounding neighborhood is like. Tyler discusses her experience with the property, the neighborhood, the three-person rule, and Williamsburg in general. The folder contains a summary and index of the interview.","Amanda Morrow currently lives at CityGreen Apartments on Richmond Rd. and currently violates the three-person rule. She discusses her previous housing in Williamsburg, her reasons for moving off-campus, her current living situation, and the three-person rule more broadly. The folder contains an index and transcript of the interview.","Samuel Powell is a retired judge who discusess his work witht he Powhatan statue outside the courthouse and the Atlantic community concept that should be completed with two additional statues in the newr future. He speaks of the history of James City County courthouses as well as his involvement with Anheuser-Busch when he worked in private practice as a lawyer in Williamsburg, VA. The folder contains an index and transcript of the interview.","Caroline Raschbaum speaks about her experiences being born and growing up in a household with two opposing religions, finding a passion for Judaism at a young age, Judaism in Williamsburg, the concept of diaspora, and safe spaces for Jews in Williamsburg. The folder contains an index and transcript for the interview.","Folder contains maps and written reports.","The folder contains a research paper on hispanic communities in Williamsburg as well as an adult student registration form and a document from William and Mary written in Spanish.","The folder contains a research paper on the exstence of homelessness in relation to Williamsburg, Virginia's tourist economy.","The folder contains a research paper on protesters in Williamsburg as well as an NAACP brochure, copies of posters for Black Lives Matter, a message on a task force on Preventing Sexual Assult and Harrassment, a program for the Lemon Project Spring Symposium titled \"Ghosts of Slavery: The Afterlives of Racial Bondage\", and a CD.","The folder contains a research paper on bicycling in Williamsburg, a series of printed emails on bicycling in Williamsburg, a pamphlet for the ride cycling club at the YMCA, a series of printed letters requesting interviews, The Williamsburg, James City, and York regional bicycle facilities plan from 1997, printed slides from March 26, 2015 WATA Transit Riders Advisory Committee, amap of James City County, a pamphlet for BikeBeat, the Flying Wheel newsletter from April 2015, several more pamphlets on where to ride bikes in the area, and a syllabus for a class on bicycling basics from William and Mary.","The folder contains a research paper on public housing in Williamsburg, a copy of an application for admission to the public housing system, and a copy of a residential lease agreement that all tenants of the WRHA musst sign.","The folder contains a research paper on the influence of bus drivers on their students.","The folder contains a research paper on food security in Grove, Virginia.","Mr. Briggs speaks about growing up in Williamsburg, his medical diagnosis that left him unable to work, and his residence in public housing, specifically the Katherine Circle Apartments. The folder contains a summary and index of the interview.","Ms. Burton works for the Williamsburg Redevelopment and Housing Authority (WRHA) and speaks on the mission of the WRHA, the process of applying to public housing with the WRHA, how the lease works, and her feelings on the structure of the public housing system. The folder contains an index and transcript of the interview.","Lamar Gray is a 21-year old man who grew up and currently resides in Grove. He speaks on how he ate when he was a wrestler, how he eats now, how he eats healthy, and how he thinks about food. The folder contains an index of the interview.","Ms. Heard speaks about her childhood in \"White City\", her various professions, her relationship with Colonial Williamsburg, and her experiences as a union organizer and protestor. The folder contains an index and transcript of the interview.","Terry Jones is a resident of a public housing complex managed by the Williamsburg Redevelopment and Housing Authority (WRHA). They speak about their life history and experiences with housing. The folder contains an index and transcript of the interview.","Dorcas Juarez discusses her life in Williamsburg at church, at work, and about the challenges and discrimination that comes from speaking little English. She also speaks about her family, the Latino community, and her journey from El Salvador to Williamsburg. The interview is primarily in Spanish. The folder contains a summary and index of the interview, both in English.","Fred Liggin is a pastor at the Williamsburg Christian Church and the founder and president of 3E Restoration which uses mutual relationships to equip and empower homeless individuals to transition to self-sufficiency in everyday life. Mr. Liggin speaks about poverty and homelessness in Williamsburg, his hope for creating systemic change, and his belief that college students can/ have a powerful voice in changing the conversation surrounding homelessness. The folder contains an index and transcript of the interview.","Grace Martien discusses riding the Williamsburg James City County school bus from when she began middle school in 2006  through her senior year of high school. She mainly speaks about her interactions and relationships with bus drivers and the social stratification evident on the bus itself. The folder contains an index and transcript of the summary.","Reed Nester is the director of City Planning and discusses how he has changed bicycling in Williamsburg over the last 20 years, his daily commute to and from work, and his involvement with planning out bicycle paths and lanes in Williamsburg. The folder contains a summary, index, and transcript of the interview.","Robert and Sharon own a bike shop called Red Barn Bikes in New Kent County. They discuss their time biking in Williamsburg, their beilief that James City County is not working with bicyclists, their belief that Capital Trail is essential to growing the biking community, and the reasons they opened up their bicycle shop. The folder contains a summary and index of the interview.","Sam Smith speaks about Williamsburg's Office of Real Estate Assessment, the city's property values, and how those values are assigned. The folder contains an index and transcript of the interview.","Brenda Tejada discusses her life in Williamsburg at work, with systems like social services, and the overall difficulties she faces from being Latino. She talks about her family the Latino community, and her journey from El Salvador to Williamsburg. The interview is in both English and Spanish. The folder contains an index (in English) and a transcript (in a mix of English and Spanish) of the interview.","Rich Thompson discusses his time bicycling in Williamsburg, his involvement with cyclists at the College of William and Mary. He also speaks about his personal reasons for commuting to and from work via bicycle each day. The folder contains a summary and index of the interview.","Mary Turnbull is a bicyclist in Williamsburg and a founding member of the Williamsburg Area Bicyclists. Miss. Turnbull speaks about her experiences commuting between her home in York County and her job as a librarian at Lafayette High School and the importance of bike safety. The folder contains a summary and index of the interview.","Mrs. Little is a historian and daughter of Reverend Archibald F. Ward, Jr. who advocated on behalf of the displaced citizens of Magruder.","Corinne Garland spoke about her work at Williamsburg Preschool for Special Children, her experiences at Child Development Resources, and educational legislation concerning children with disabilities in public schools. This folder contains an index and transcript of the interview.","This interview was conducted by Andrew Cotman and was indexed by Marriya Schwarz with audio management by Nicholas DeAtley. The interview was later transcribed by Nicholas DeAtley, Marriya Schwarz, and Andrew Cotman. The interview took place during the afternoon of 3/15/18 in the third floor 311 classroom of the College of William and Mary American Studies building, located on 114 North Boundary Street Apt Williamsburg, VA 23185, using a Zoom H-1 Handy Voice Recorder. Overall the quality of the interview is very clear, however the volume of the interview was a little low. There was a little interference due to an AC unit turning on and off which may have obstructed slightly the clearness and volume of Ms. Bell's voice. Also, there was an interference early on in the interview because Ms. Bell's microphone detached from her jacket. During the interview, Barbara Bell discussed her experiences in various school systems, like Richmond Public Schools, Fairfax County Public Schools, Department of Defense Schools, and the Medina City School District, during her 35 years of teaching. She reflected on her experiences teaching students with varying socioeconomic statuses. Throughout the interview, she made references to the power of having diversity throughout the classroom, and the joy that she has gained from teaching. Towards the end of the interview, she discussed her work with homeless student populations and a program that she created, called Diversity-In-Actions that promotes knowledge of African-American culture. For clarity, the transcribers have eliminated ever \"um\" and \"uh\" from the transcription.","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team.","This interview was conducted by Andrew Cotman and was indexed by Marriya Schwarz with audio management by Nicholas DeAtley. The interview was later transcribed by Nicholas DeAtley, Marriya Schwarz, and Andrew Cotman. The interview took place during the afternoon of 3/15/18 in the third floor 311 classroom of the College of William and Mary American Studies building, located on 114 North Boundary Street Apt Williamsburg, VA 23185, using a Zoom H-1 Handy Voice Recorder. Overall the quality of the interview is very clear, however the volume of the interview was a little low. There was a little interference due to an AC unit turning on and off which may have obstructed slightly the clearness and volume of Ms. Bell's voice. Also, there was an interference early on in the interview because Ms. Bell's microphone detached from her jacket. During the interview, Barbara Bell discussed her experiences in various school systems, like Richmond Public Schools, Fairfax County Public Schools, Department of Defense Schools, and the Medina City School District, during her 35 years of teaching. She reflected on her experiences teaching students with varying socioeconomic statuses. Throughout the interview, she made references to the power of having diversity throughout the classroom, and the joy that she has gained from teaching. Towards the end of the interview, she discussed her work with homeless student populations and a program that she created, called Diversity-In-Actions that promotes knowledge of African-American culture. For clarity, the transcribers have eliminated ever \"um\" and \"uh\" from the transcription.","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team.","We interviewed Dr. Byrd-Poller on Tuesday, February 20th, 2018 in the upstairs classroom in the\ncollege apartments. Besides two brief distractions (one from a man hoping to print some papers\nand the other when we needed to get Dr. Byrd-Poller some water), the interview continued\nuninterrupted. We began by discussing her own experience growing up in the Williamsburg-\nJames City County school system and her children's experiences and how practices have\nchanged over time. We then began discussion of her twisting career path that eventually led her\nto her current position as Director of Human Resources at Thomas Nelson Community College.\nOne topic that was particularly relevant throughout the interview was the issue of diversity in her\nown schooling experience, her children's, and today as she plays a large role in hiring\nprospective staff.","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","We interviewed Dr. Byrd-Poller on Tuesday, February 20th, 2018 in the upstairs classroom in the\ncollege apartments. Besides two brief distractions (one from a man hoping to print some papers\nand the other when we needed to get Dr. Byrd-Poller some water), the interview continued\nuninterrupted. We began by discussing her own experience growing up in the Williamsburg-\nJames City County school system and her children's experiences and how practices have\nchanged over time. We then began discussion of her twisting career path that eventually led her\nto her current position as Director of Human Resources at Thomas Nelson Community College.\nOne topic that was particularly relevant throughout the interview was the issue of diversity in her\nown schooling experience, her children's, and today as she plays a large role in hiring\nprospective staff.","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","This interview was conducted by Shainir Bearfield and was indexed by Nicholas DeAtley with\naudio management done as well by Nicholas DeAtley. Nicholas DeAtley and Shainir Bearfield\nlater transcribed the interview together. The interview took place at 3:30 p.m. of March 23rd of\n2018, at the Land Tech Resources Inc. building located on 3925 Midlands road located in\nWilliamsburg, Virginia 23188 using a Zoom H-1 Handy Voice Recorder. Overall the quality of\nthe interview is very clear and all audio equipment worked extremely well. Interviewed was Lisa\nOwnby who serves as the Vice Chair of the Williainsburg James City County School board. She\nis also appointed as head of the special education advisory committee within the school board\nsystem. During the interview Lisa Ownby discusses how her relationship with her brother\nunfortunately suffering from numerous disabilities impacted her life choices and career path.\nThroughout the interview she discusses her early volunteering with Special Olympics eventually\nleading to her eventual work at Child Development Resources funded by the U.S. Department of\nEducation. Lisa Ownby in this interview offers her point of view on several facets of the\nWilliainsburg James City County Public school system. First and foremost she offers her\nperspective on funding of special education on a local, state and national level. This interview\nwas an excellent way to see how those working within the school board view the production of\nthe special education system and of what issues are taking place in the system in regards to\nfunding. Throughout this interview for clarity, the transcribers have eliminated \"um\" and \"uh\"\nfrom the transcription.","The content of this note came from the headnote created by the interview team. ","This interview was conducted by Shainir Bearfield and was indexed by Nicholas DeAtley with\naudio management done as well by Nicholas DeAtley. Nicholas DeAtley and Shainir Bearfield\nlater transcribed the interview together. The interview took place at 3:30 p.m. of March 23rd of\n2018, at the Land Tech Resources Inc. building located on 3925 Midlands road located in\nWilliamsburg, Virginia 23188 using a Zoom H-1 Handy Voice Recorder. Overall the quality of\nthe interview is very clear and all audio equipment worked extremely well. Interviewed was Lisa\nOwnby who serves as the Vice Chair of the Williainsburg James City County School board. She\nis also appointed as head of the special education advisory committee within the school board\nsystem. During the interview Lisa Ownby discusses how her relationship with her brother\nunfortunately suffering from numerous disabilities impacted her life choices and career path.\nThroughout the interview she discusses her early volunteering with Special Olympics eventually\nleading to her eventual work at Child Development Resources funded by the U.S. Department of\nEducation. Lisa Ownby in this interview offers her point of view on several facets of the\nWilliainsburg James City County Public school system. First and foremost she offers her\nperspective on funding of special education on a local, state and national level. This interview\nwas an excellent way to see how those working within the school board view the production of\nthe special education system and of what issues are taking place in the system in regards to\nfunding. Throughout this interview for clarity, the transcribers have eliminated \"um\" and \"uh\"\nfrom the transcription.","The content of this note came from the headnote created by the interview team. ","This interview was conducted by Shainir Bearfield and was indexed by Nicholas DeAtley with\naudio management done as well by Nicholas DeAtley. Nicholas DeAtley and Shainir Bearfield\nlater transcribed the interview together. The interview took place at 3:30 p.m. of March 23rd of\n2018, at the Land Tech Resources Inc. building located on 3925 Midlands road located in\nWilliamsburg, Virginia 23188 using a Zoom H-1 Handy Voice Recorder. Overall the quality of\nthe interview is very clear and all audio equipment worked extremely well. Interviewed was Lisa\nOwnby who serves as the Vice Chair of the Williainsburg James City County School board. She\nis also appointed as head of the special education advisory committee within the school board\nsystem. During the interview Lisa Ownby discusses how her relationship with her brother\nunfortunately suffering from numerous disabilities impacted her life choices and career path.\nThroughout the interview she discusses her early volunteering with Special Olympics eventually\nleading to her eventual work at Child Development Resources funded by the U.S. Department of\nEducation. Lisa Ownby in this interview offers her point of view on several facets of the\nWilliainsburg James City County Public school system. First and foremost she offers her\nperspective on funding of special education on a local, state and national level. This interview\nwas an excellent way to see how those working within the school board view the production of\nthe special education system and of what issues are taking place in the system in regards to\nfunding. Throughout this interview for clarity, the transcribers have eliminated \"um\" and \"uh\"\nfrom the transcription.","The content of this note came from the headnote created by the interview team. ","I interviewed Jennifer Albarracin at the William and Mary Barnes and Noble on Saturday, April\n7. We were originally meeting to interview Elias Martinez, a father of English Language\nLearning students in WJCC schools. However, by some miscommunication, even though he\narrived at the bookstore, we were never able to find each other. I'm guessing it was an issue with\nparking. After waiting an hour, I interviewed Jennifer. We discussed her own experience\ngrowing up in Fairfax, Virginia with the label of\"ESL\" and how it drove her towards academic\nsuccess because she wanted to leave behind the term \"ESL\" as an identifier. We also touched on\nher parents' interactions with the school system and how her relationship with her parents was\nstrained by communication barriers. Today, Jennifer is a William and Mary student, minoring in\nLatin American studies in order to learn more about her own roots. The background noise is\nrelatively loud throughout the interview, but the recording is still understandable. Although she\ndoes state her name as Jennifer Albarracin Moya in the recording, most of the time she goes by\nsolely her first last name, Albarracin, and so I decided to refer to her as Jennifer Albarracin after\nconsulting her preferences.","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","I interviewed Jennifer Albarracin at the William and Mary Barnes and Noble on Saturday, April\n7. We were originally meeting to interview Elias Martinez, a father of English Language\nLearning students in WJCC schools. However, by some miscommunication, even though he\narrived at the bookstore, we were never able to find each other. I'm guessing it was an issue with\nparking. After waiting an hour, I interviewed Jennifer. We discussed her own experience\ngrowing up in Fairfax, Virginia with the label of\"ESL\" and how it drove her towards academic\nsuccess because she wanted to leave behind the term \"ESL\" as an identifier. We also touched on\nher parents' interactions with the school system and how her relationship with her parents was\nstrained by communication barriers. Today, Jennifer is a William and Mary student, minoring in\nLatin American studies in order to learn more about her own roots. The background noise is\nrelatively loud throughout the interview, but the recording is still understandable. Although she\ndoes state her name as Jennifer Albarracin Moya in the recording, most of the time she goes by\nsolely her first last name, Albarracin, and so I decided to refer to her as Jennifer Albarracin after\nconsulting her preferences.","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","I interviewed Dr. Barko-Alva on Wednesday, March 21 in Swem library in a group study lounge\non the first floor (this gives reference for the occasional muffled voices in the background).\nEarlier in the day weren't sure if the interview was going to happen because it was snowy, but\nwe did end up completing the interview. We discussed Dr. Barko-Alava's educational\nbackground, beginning with her high school experience in Peru to finishing high school in the\nU.S. and going on to succeed at the University of Florida. She began teaching English her junior\nyear of college and once she graduated, she worked in the local public-school system. Dr. Barko-Alva\nwent back to UF to earn her Master's and Ph.D, and finally found herself at William and\nMary. We also discussed her involvement in educational activist work in Virginia and her\nexperiences 'in the Williamsburg-James City County school system. There were a few sections of\nthe narrative that were removed at the request of the narrator for various reasons including a\nconfidential conversation Dr. Barko-Alva is not at liberty to reveal. However, none of the deleted\nsections were crucial to the narrative being recounted.","The content of this note comes from the headnote created by the interview team. ","I interviewed Dr. Barko-Alva on Wednesday, March 21 in Swem library in a group study lounge\non the first floor (this gives reference for the occasional muffled voices in the background).\nEarlier in the day weren't sure if the interview was going to happen because it was snowy, but\nwe did end up completing the interview. We discussed Dr. Barko-Alava's educational\nbackground, beginning with her high school experience in Peru to finishing high school in the\nU.S. and going on to succeed at the University of Florida. She began teaching English her junior\nyear of college and once she graduated, she worked in the local public-school system. Dr. Barko-Alva\nwent back to UF to earn her Master's and Ph.D, and finally found herself at William and\nMary. We also discussed her involvement in educational activist work in Virginia and her\nexperiences 'in the Williamsburg-James City County school system. There were a few sections of\nthe narrative that were removed at the request of the narrator for various reasons including a\nconfidential conversation Dr. Barko-Alva is not at liberty to reveal. However, none of the deleted\nsections were crucial to the narrative being recounted.","The content of this note comes from the headnote created by the interview team. ","I interviewed Ms. Laura Carver on Tuesday, March 20 at her office in Hornsby Middle School.\nUnfortunately, a small portion of the oral history was lost because the voice recorder's memory\ncard filled up, and I did not notice it until after she was done responding to my question.\nHowever, the unrecorded section could not have been much longer than two or three minutes.\nMs. Carver is an English as a Second Language teacher in the WJCC school system and has been\nsince 2015, so we began the interview with a brief overview of her day-to-day interactions with\nEnglish Language Leaners and their parents. We also discussed her educational background and\nher experience working as a missionary and how both impact her interpretation of her role as an\nESL teacher. We ended the interview discussing the challenges of ESL education, specifically in\nthe local area, faced by the ELL students, their teachers, their families and guardians, and WJCC\nschool system .and a few possible ways to better address those challenges in the future. There\nwere three separate sections that were removed at the request of the Ms. Carver and they are\nnoted in the transcript. Nothing crucial to the slory line of her narrative was lost by these\ndeletions.","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","I interviewed Ms. Laura Carver on Tuesday, March 20 at her office in Hornsby Middle School.\nUnfortunately, a small portion of the oral history was lost because the voice recorder's memory\ncard filled up, and I did not notice it until after she was done responding to my question.\nHowever, the unrecorded section could not have been much longer than two or three minutes.\nMs. Carver is an English as a Second Language teacher in the WJCC school system and has been\nsince 2015, so we began the interview with a brief overview of her day-to-day interactions with\nEnglish Language Leaners and their parents. We also discussed her educational background and\nher experience working as a missionary and how both impact her interpretation of her role as an\nESL teacher. We ended the interview discussing the challenges of ESL education, specifically in\nthe local area, faced by the ELL students, their teachers, their families and guardians, and WJCC\nschool system .and a few possible ways to better address those challenges in the future. There\nwere three separate sections that were removed at the request of the Ms. Carver and they are\nnoted in the transcript. Nothing crucial to the slory line of her narrative was lost by these\ndeletions.","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","I interviewed Ms. Laura Carver on Tuesday, March 20 at her office in Hornsby Middle School.\nUnfortunately, a small portion of the oral history was lost because the voice recorder's memory\ncard filled up, and I did not notice it until after she was done responding to my question.\nHowever, the unrecorded section could not have been much longer than two or three minutes.\nMs. Carver is an English as a Second Language teacher in the WJCC school system and has been\nsince 2015, so we began the interview with a brief overview of her day-to-day interactions with\nEnglish Language Leaners and their parents. We also discussed her educational background and\nher experience working as a missionary and how both impact her interpretation of her role as an\nESL teacher. We ended the interview discussing the challenges of ESL education, specifically in\nthe local area, faced by the ELL students, their teachers, their families and guardians, and WJCC\nschool system .and a few possible ways to better address those challenges in the future. There\nwere three separate sections that were removed at the request of the Ms. Carver and they are\nnoted in the transcript. Nothing crucial to the slory line of her narrative was lost by these\ndeletions.","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","I sent these questions sent to Dr. Patricia Tilghman by email, which explains the odd formatting\nof this document. Her responses follow each bolded question. Dr. Tilghman gave me an\noverview of the ESL program in WJCC schools as well as information about her own\nbackground in ESL education. She also discussed a few of the largest challenges WJCC schools\nface in engaging parents of ESL students. Informed consent was received through email. I have\nprinted that out, along with a Deed of Gift.","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","This interview was conducted and later indexed by Marriya Schwarz. The interview took place \nduring the evening of 4.4.18 at the College of William \u0026 Mary's Swem Library in Group Study\nRoom 235, using a Zoom H-1 Handy Voice Recorder. Overall, the quality of the interview is\nfairly clear. There is some interference due to people talking and playing music loudly over in\nthe next room. During the interview, Alexis Brender A. Brandis discussed her experiences as an\nathlete. She has been involved with Track \u0026 Field, gymnastics, and Tae Kwon Do. She went on\nto discuss some of her experiences as a current member of the College of William \u0026 Mary's\nTrack \u0026 Field team. She reflected on her experiences with various Williamsburg-James City\nCounty Schools and discussed different experiences with teachers. Towards the end of the\ninterview, she discussed her relationship with her family, namely her unofficial \"adoptive\nbrother,\" Ramon, her experiences so far as a sophomore at the College of William \u0026 Mary, and\nher experiences with having a connection to both the Williamsburg community and the College.","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","This interview was conducted and later indexed by Marriya Schwarz. The interview took place \nduring the evening of 4.4.18 at the College of William \u0026 Mary's Swem Library in Group Study\nRoom 235, using a Zoom H-1 Handy Voice Recorder. Overall, the quality of the interview is\nfairly clear. There is some interference due to people talking and playing music loudly over in\nthe next room. During the interview, Alexis Brender A. Brandis discussed her experiences as an\nathlete. She has been involved with Track \u0026 Field, gymnastics, and Tae Kwon Do. She went on\nto discuss some of her experiences as a current member of the College of William \u0026 Mary's\nTrack \u0026 Field team. She reflected on her experiences with various Williamsburg-James City\nCounty Schools and discussed different experiences with teachers. Towards the end of the\ninterview, she discussed her relationship with her family, namely her unofficial \"adoptive\nbrother,\" Ramon, her experiences so far as a sophomore at the College of William \u0026 Mary, and\nher experiences with having a connection to both the Williamsburg community and the College.","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","This interview was conducted by Marriya Schwarz and indexed by Brenna Cowardin. The\ninterview was later transcribed by Marriya Schwarz. The interview took place during the evening\nof 4/12/18 in front of theater at the Williamsburg Regional Library on Scotland Street, using a\nZoom H-1 Handy Voice Recorder. Overall, the quality of the interview is fairly clear, but the\nvolume is somewhat low. There is some interference due to people filing in and out of the\nWilliamsburg Library, but the audio still can be heard. During the interview, Sylvia Shearin\nWillis discussed her experiences with education within Williamsburg-James City County\nSchools, primarily her experiences with Bruton Heights School and later James Blair High\nSchool after integration in 1966. She reflected on the differences between the two schools. She\nalso discussed her experiences with the different teaching at both schools and minority teaching.\nTowards the end of the interview, she also discussed her experiences with historically black\ncolleges, as well as the educational experiences of her two daughters. For clarity and as\nrequested by the narrator, the transcriber has eliminated every \"um,\" \"uh,\" and \"like\" from the\ntranscription.","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team.","This interview was conducted by Marriya Schwarz and indexed by Brenna Cowardin. The\ninterview was later transcribed by Marriya Schwarz. The interview took place during the evening\nof 4/12/18 in front of theater at the Williamsburg Regional Library on Scotland Street, using a\nZoom H-1 Handy Voice Recorder. Overall, the quality of the interview is fairly clear, but the\nvolume is somewhat low. There is some interference due to people filing in and out of the\nWilliamsburg Library, but the audio still can be heard. During the interview, Sylvia Shearin\nWillis discussed her experiences with education within Williamsburg-James City County\nSchools, primarily her experiences with Bruton Heights School and later James Blair High\nSchool after integration in 1966. She reflected on the differences between the two schools. She\nalso discussed her experiences with the different teaching at both schools and minority teaching.\nTowards the end of the interview, she also discussed her experiences with historically black\ncolleges, as well as the educational experiences of her two daughters. For clarity and as\nrequested by the narrator, the transcriber has eliminated every \"um,\" \"uh,\" and \"like\" from the\ntranscription.","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team.","I interviewed Shamir Bearfield at Swem Library, located rather centrally on the William and Mary campus, in group study room 118. This room is located on the quieter side of the first floor of Swem, and we were therefore able converse without interruption throughout the interview. The interview focused on Shamir's educational experiences growing up, particularly his movement from public to private school and the influence of football on his academic career. We also discussed his transition from a public middle school to a private high school and how that better prepared him for college at William and Mary.","The content of this note comes directly from the headnote created by the interview team. ","I interviewed Shamir Bearfield at Swem Library, located rather centrally on the William and Mary campus, in group study room 118. This room is located on the quieter side of the first floor of Swem, and we were therefore able converse without interruption throughout the interview. The interview focused on Shamir's educational experiences growing up, particularly his movement from public to private school and the influence of football on his academic career. We also discussed his transition from a public middle school to a private high school and how that better prepared him for college at William and Mary.","The content of this note comes directly from the headnote created by the interview team. ","I interviewed Shamir Bearfield at Swem Library, located rather centrally on the William and Mary campus, in group study room 118. This room is located on the quieter side of the first floor of Swem, and we were therefore able converse without interruption throughout the interview. The interview focused on Shamir's educational experiences growing up, particularly his movement from public to private school and the influence of football on his academic career. We also discussed his transition from a public middle school to a private high school and how that better prepared him for college at William and Mary.","The content of this note comes directly from the headnote created by the interview team. ","This interview was conducted by Marriya Schwarz with Nicholas DeAtley indexing during the interview. Marriya Schwarz later transcribed the entire interview. The interview took place in the afternoon of 2/6/18 in the College Apartments where the American Studies Department is located at the College of William \u0026 Mary in Williamsburg, VA. During the interview, Andrew Cotman discussed his experiences growing up in Henrico, Virginia. He described his experience with education starting from elementary school to now, where he is currently a senior at the College of William \u0026 Mary. For clarity, I have eliminated every \"um\" and \"uh.\"","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","This interview was conducted by Marriya Schwarz with Nicholas DeAtley indexing during the interview. Marriya Schwarz later transcribed the entire interview. The interview took place in the afternoon of 2/6/18 in the College Apartments where the American Studies Department is located at the College of William \u0026 Mary in Williamsburg, VA. During the interview, Andrew Cotman discussed his experiences growing up in Henrico, Virginia. He described his experience with education starting from elementary school to now, where he is currently a senior at the College of William \u0026 Mary. For clarity, I have eliminated every \"um\" and \"uh.\"","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","This interview was conducted by Marriya Schwarz with Nicholas DeAtley indexing during the interview. Marriya Schwarz later transcribed the entire interview. The interview took place in the afternoon of 2/6/18 in the College Apartments where the American Studies Department is located at the College of William \u0026 Mary in Williamsburg, VA. During the interview, Andrew Cotman discussed his experiences growing up in Henrico, Virginia. He described his experience with education starting from elementary school to now, where he is currently a senior at the College of William \u0026 Mary. For clarity, I have eliminated every \"um\" and \"uh.\"","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","The interview with Brenna Cowardin was recorded on a Tuesday afternoon in a group study room in Earl Greg Swem Library on the William \u0026 Mary Campus. Other than our voices, the room was quiet because the door was closed. The room was lined with windows in Brenna's line of sight, which showed students walking around study tables and talking. The only other person in the room was the indexer, Shamir Bearfield. Brenna has a passion education, especially for students who are learning English as a Second Language (ESL). Brenna talks about her interest in education as she reflects on her own experience in the Harrisonburg city public schools in Virginia. Although she has no current plans for entering the educational field, she hopes to use her acquisition of the Spanish language to bridge the gaps for these students and their families in the American public education system. ","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","The interview with Brenna Cowardin was recorded on a Tuesday afternoon in a group study room in Earl Greg Swem Library on the William \u0026 Mary Campus. Other than our voices, the room was quiet because the door was closed. The room was lined with windows in Brenna's line of sight, which showed students walking around study tables and talking. The only other person in the room was the indexer, Shamir Bearfield. Brenna has a passion education, especially for students who are learning English as a Second Language (ESL). Brenna talks about her interest in education as she reflects on her own experience in the Harrisonburg city public schools in Virginia. Although she has no current plans for entering the educational field, she hopes to use her acquisition of the Spanish language to bridge the gaps for these students and their families in the American public education system. ","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","The interview with Brenna Cowardin was recorded on a Tuesday afternoon in a group study room in Earl Greg Swem Library on the William \u0026 Mary Campus. Other than our voices, the room was quiet because the door was closed. The room was lined with windows in Brenna's line of sight, which showed students walking around study tables and talking. The only other person in the room was the indexer, Shamir Bearfield. Brenna has a passion education, especially for students who are learning English as a Second Language (ESL). Brenna talks about her interest in education as she reflects on her own experience in the Harrisonburg city public schools in Virginia. Although she has no current plans for entering the educational field, she hopes to use her acquisition of the Spanish language to bridge the gaps for these students and their families in the American public education system. ","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","I interviewed Nicholas DeAtley in a classroom on the third floor of the William and Mary College Apartments building. Nicholas provides a brief yet, enlightening account of his life history. Nicholas discusses a wonderful history of his upbringing from being born in Colombia and brought to the United States at a very young age, to his wonderful childhood with his adoptive family, and his aspirations to play sports in college. ","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","I interviewed Nicholas DeAtley in a classroom on the third floor of the William and Mary College Apartments building. Nicholas provides a brief yet, enlightening account of his life history. Nicholas discusses a wonderful history of his upbringing from being born in Colombia and brought to the United States at a very young age, to his wonderful childhood with his adoptive family, and his aspirations to play sports in college. ","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","I interviewed Ms. Marriya Schwarz in the third floor 311 classroom of the William and Mary American Studies academic building, located on 114 North Boundary St. Williamsburg, VA 23185. This was my first time interviewing with the Zoom H-1 Handy Voice Recorder. Overall the quality of the interview is very clear, however the volume of the interview was a little low. This was Marriya's first time being interviewed so she was a little nervous despite some nerves, overall the interview went very well and was very natural. Marriya discusses in the interview where she is from and her upbringing. Detailed are her experiences growing up in Herndon, Virginia with her sister as well as her transition to high school where she excelled in many extracurricular activities. As a high school senior she also detailed many of her experiences transitioning from high school to college and the nerve wrecking college decision process that many seniors go through so often. Throughout my transcript I have decided to remove the majority of non-verbal utterances such as \"uh\" and \"um\" because it does not represent by my opinion an important aspect of Marriya's speaking style. I also felt it hindered the fluidity of the transcript as it occurred throughout the interview quite often. Marriya is a very academically focused person, who has garnered some very highly regarded awards from her scholastic work. Her ultimate goal is to become a screenwriter and intends to follow that passion after she graduates from the College of William and Mary.","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","I interviewed Ms. Marriya Schwarz in the third floor 311 classroom of the William and Mary American Studies academic building, located on 114 North Boundary St. Williamsburg, VA 23185. This was my first time interviewing with the Zoom H-1 Handy Voice Recorder. Overall the quality of the interview is very clear, however the volume of the interview was a little low. This was Marriya's first time being interviewed so she was a little nervous despite some nerves, overall the interview went very well and was very natural. Marriya discusses in the interview where she is from and her upbringing. Detailed are her experiences growing up in Herndon, Virginia with her sister as well as her transition to high school where she excelled in many extracurricular activities. As a high school senior she also detailed many of her experiences transitioning from high school to college and the nerve wrecking college decision process that many seniors go through so often. Throughout my transcript I have decided to remove the majority of non-verbal utterances such as \"uh\" and \"um\" because it does not represent by my opinion an important aspect of Marriya's speaking style. I also felt it hindered the fluidity of the transcript as it occurred throughout the interview quite often. Marriya is a very academically focused person, who has garnered some very highly regarded awards from her scholastic work. Her ultimate goal is to become a screenwriter and intends to follow that passion after she graduates from the College of William and Mary.","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","I interviewed Ms. Marriya Schwarz in the third floor 311 classroom of the William and Mary American Studies academic building, located on 114 North Boundary St. Williamsburg, VA 23185. This was my first time interviewing with the Zoom H-1 Handy Voice Recorder. Overall the quality of the interview is very clear, however the volume of the interview was a little low. This was Marriya's first time being interviewed so she was a little nervous despite some nerves, overall the interview went very well and was very natural. Marriya discusses in the interview where she is from and her upbringing. Detailed are her experiences growing up in Herndon, Virginia with her sister as well as her transition to high school where she excelled in many extracurricular activities. As a high school senior she also detailed many of her experiences transitioning from high school to college and the nerve wrecking college decision process that many seniors go through so often. Throughout my transcript I have decided to remove the majority of non-verbal utterances such as \"uh\" and \"um\" because it does not represent by my opinion an important aspect of Marriya's speaking style. I also felt it hindered the fluidity of the transcript as it occurred throughout the interview quite often. Marriya is a very academically focused person, who has garnered some very highly regarded awards from her scholastic work. Her ultimate goal is to become a screenwriter and intends to follow that passion after she graduates from the College of William and Mary.","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","I interviewed Mr. Robert Braxton in the College Apartments, which is located on Boundary Street in Williamsburg, VA, in the office of the Williamsburg Documentary Project.  Mr. Braxton was very engaged with the topic and welcoming of any questions that we had for him.  He began his interview by drawing out a revised version of a map of the Triangle, which we drew a copy of.  Having grown up in the area surrounding the Triangle, Mr. Braxton had a valuable perspective on the area.  We covered topics regarding the businesses that were located on the Triangle, how the redevelopment project occurred, and the progress that Williamsburg is making today, in addition to Mr. Braxton's experience on City Council. ","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","I interviewed Steve Harris in College Apartments 5a, overlooking the businesses and traffic at the corner of Prince George Street and South Boundary Street. It was a nice day out and we were lucky that Mr. Harris, who was visiting from Michigan where he now spends much of his time, had lent of his limited time in Williamsburg to the WDP's research of the Triangle Block. The conversation spanned the pre-redevelopment, redevelopment, and post-redevelopment periods of the Triangle's history, starting from Mr. Harris's days at Marshall-Wythe Law School. Mr. Harris brought with him a series of printed-out aerial photographs of the Triangle which he refers to multiple times during the interview.","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","Samantha and I interviewed Mr. Parker in one of the conference rooms on the first floor of College Apartments. He brought along a large binder full of documents that he allowed us to make copies of later, so there are times throughout the recording and transcript that he pauses to look at his materials or pull out a piece for our use. We discovered him through his association with the Society of Friends of African American History, the group responsible for the monument at the Triangle, so a lot of our focus was on that. He also shared his personal feelings about redevelopment and other issues surrounding the history of African Americans in Williamsburg. Early in the interview, there is some confusion over where Mr. Parker was to sign on the informed consent form, so there are pauses as we examined the form.","The content of this note is taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","I, Kandace Kimber, and Francie Zidonis interviewed Tony Conyers in Adriene's office in the College Apartments. Unfortunately, the room wasn't sound proof and there were renovations being done in the hallway so there is some background noise that can be heard in recording. Conyers is a native to Williamsburg and has spent majority of his career in both local and federal government. During the interview we discuss his upbringing and adulthood in Williamsburg, his experience developing new initiatives for the citizens in the city, and what he envisions for Williamsburg and James City County in the future. ","The content of this note comes from the headnote created by the interview team. ","I interviewed former City Councilman Scott Foster in one of the offices on the second floor of the college apartments. It was a very comfortable and casual atmosphere and I believe Mr. Foster had no trouble expressing himself in that environment. Scott Foster was a former student at the College of William \u0026 Mary ('10) and the first student to be elected to the Williamsburg City Council serving from 2010-2018. He has now retired from the City Council and resides in Skipwith Farms with his wife, working at a local law firm. We spoke a lot about Foster's time at the college (as well as, the law school), affordability in Williamsburg, and his overall passion for the city.","The content of this note comes from the headnote created by the interview team. ","We interviewed Roy Gerardi and Tyrone Franklin in a small office in the Municipal Building, located at 401 Lafayette Street, on Friday, April 12. Mr. Gerardi could not stay for the duration of the interview, but before he was called out, he discussed his role in the Williamsburg Redevelopment and Housing Authority (WRHA), some of the programs available for low-income residents, and what he terms the \"five-fold reality\" of poverty. During his half of the interview, Mr. Franklin, the newly hired executive director for the WRHA, spoke about his experiences with affordable housing in his previous roles and his plans for Williamsburg moving forward.  ","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team.","I interviewed Albert and Liz Johnson in the living room of their home in the BrookHaven neighborhood, which is located off of Ironbound road in James City County. While both Al and Liz participated in the interview, only Al wore a microphone so many of Liz's contributions are quiet or difficult to hear. I have done my best to transcribe them accurately, but some of her comments were indistinguishable due to the distance. The Johnsons seemed happy to welcome us into their home and to speak with us about Brookhaven. They have participated in the Williamsburg Documentary Project in the past and are experienced interviewees among American Studies students. During the interview the Johnsons showed us plans for the neighborhood, documents from Al's restaurant career, and photographs of their restaurant. We discussed the history and milieu of Brookhaven and Al's role as a founder of the neighborhood and a local entrepreneur. ","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","I interviewed Mr. Small in a conference room in the Public Works and Utilities department of the Williamsburg Municipal Building, located off of Lafayette Street in Williamsburg, Virginia. Mr. Small is a Williamsburg native and the current city engineer. His father worked in city planning in Williamsburg and James City County as well, helping to develop neighborhoods like Newtown and Fords Colony. As someone who has lived here for almost his entire life, Mr. Small has developed an extensive interest in the history of the development of Williamsburg. Our interview covers a number of topics, including why Williamsburg and the surrounding areas began to expand and develop in the eighties and nineties, moving into the history of various neighborhoods and areas, and finishing with a better understanding about how various aspects of the environment affect the way the city is developed. Throughout the course of the interview, there are various references to Google Maps, which Mr. Small was showing us on a projector, and to a smaller map in the room of Williamsburg with the understanding that it looks like a turkey.","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","I interviewed Ms. Kandace Kimber in one of the Swem Library study rooms on the first floor (room 134C). The room was noticeably brighter than many of the surrounding rooms and areas and did somewhat disturb the individuals in the room. Kandace is a senior at the College and a Virginia native coming from Petersburg, VA. We spoke a lot about her living situation and went into great detail about her plans for the future. Kandace had a very relaxed demeanor and if she was nervous for the interview, one could not tell. A variety of topics were touched on during the interview concerning Kandace's personal life goals, about which she seemed very keen to talk about. ","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","I interviewed Ms. Resha in her office in the College Apartmnets, located on South Boundary Street in Williamsburg, VA. This is a practice interview for class, my second time every interviewing someone and my first time leading an interview on my own. Ms. Resha is 24 years old and a graduate student in the American Studies department, and the Teaching Assistant for our class. She studies Arab and Muslim representation in comic books. We discussed her research to some extent, but also focused a lot on her sense of what home has meant to her at varying points in her life. Ms. Resha considers herself to be \"from\" Florida, but has also lived in a number of places like Alabama, Charlottesville, VA, and Williamsburg.","The content of this note comes from the headnote created by the interview team. ","I interviewed Brenna Thanner in a Swem library study room (134c), adjacent to the computer lab. We were the first in our group to interview. The room we were in was a comfortable size but the fluorescent overhead lights were extremely bright and hot. In the interview, I primarily ask Brenna about her family home in Jacksonville, Florida and her experiences in Williamsburg.","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","I interviewed Francie Zidonis in College Apartments (114 N Boundary Street) room 224 the evening of Sunday, February 24th, 2019. By the time we had finished this interview, it was dark outside. The narrator, indexer, and myself had each already participated in two other practice interviews prior to conducting this interview. There is no remarkable outside noise; however, there are occasionally moments when laughter overwhelms the interview. We discussed Francie's hometown, Columbus, Ohio, and Williamsburg, often the College of William \u0026 Mary specifically, among other things.","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","This interview was conducted by Hallie Feinman and indexed by Austin Curtis. The interview took place on the morning of 2/8/21 via Zoom. Ava Coles discussed her childhood growing up in rural Virginia and the changes that came when her family moved to Charlottesville. She talks about her relationship with her family and siblings as well as her community at large.  Special interest is paid to the impacts of her education and upbringing and the impacts they have had on her life as an adult.","Description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","This interview was conducted by Austin Curtis and indexed by Ava Coles. The interview took place on the afternoon of April 14, 2021 over Zoom. Janet Cummings describes the ways in which she has adjusted the efforts of the Relief Society of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Williamsburg to strengthen bonds of sisterhood among Latter-day Saint women. ","Description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","This interview was conducted by Ava Coles and indexed by Hallie Feinman. The\ninterview took place on the morning of 2/8/21 via Zoom. Austin Curtis discussed his childhood\ngrowing up as the son of two diplomats. He talks about the various places he lived as well as his\nrelationship with his siblings and why he chose to attend William \u0026 Mary.","Description comes from the headnote created by the interview team. ","This interview was conducted by Jasmine Geonzon and was indexed by Maeve Quigley. The\nentire interview was not transcribed. The interview took place on the morning of 4/26/2021 over\nZoom. Ms. Davis discussed her experiences as a patron and employee of the Williamsburg\nRegional Library, the library's role in the Williamsburg community, and the WRL's response to\nthe COVID-19 pandemic.","Description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team.","This oral history was conducted by Austin Curtis who later indexed and used happyscribe.com to transcribe the interview. This interview occurred at noon on February 8th, 2021 in Ava Cole's Personal Zoom Meeting Room. Hallie Feinman talks about her childhood and dissociative disorder. A condition which as she describes it as feeling like \"watching someone else pantomime through life [like] you,\" (03:40). Hallie Feinmen also addresses how COVID quarantines have affected her mental health. ","Description taken from headnote created by the interview team.","This interview was conducted by Maeve Quigley and was indexed by Jasmine Geonzon. The\nentire interview was later transcribed using Otter.ai. The interview took place on the afternoon of\n4/12/2021 over Zoom. Ms. Fowler discussed her life and work history, her role as the director of\nthe Williamsburg Regional Library, the library's role in the Williamsburg community, and the\nWRL's response to the COVID-19 pandemic.","Description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team.","This interview was conducted by Amy Nadel and Johnette Weaver with Colleen Rodgers indexing. The interview took place virtually via Zoom video conferencing software in the afternoon of 4/30/21. All involved were sitting in their homes. Mrs. Weaver both helped interview her mother and served as another narrator by interjecting at times to provide helpful context to what Mrs. Gordon was saying. Mrs. Gordon discusses growing up in Magruder then moving to Highland Park, both Black neighborhoods. She shares her impressions of being a part of her Church community, going to segregated Bruton Heights School, being married to a Marine, and her desire to give her children as many educational opportunities as possible. Also, she shares her opinion of how Highland Park has changed over time and the impact of Covid 19 on her life.","Description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team.","This interview was conducted by Lauren White and indexed by Austin Curtis. The interview\ntook place on the morning of April 28, 2021 over Zoom. Tawanda Hammond describes the ways\nin which she started operating her own decorative cake shop at a young age and moved around\nlocations before ending up in Williamsburg. Hammond describes the ways her business was\nforced to adapt during the COVID-19 pandemic and the adversities that she faced. Hammond\nalso discusses the community of Williamsburg, and how it can improve on being more inclusive.","Description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team.","In this exercise, Jasmine Geonzon interviews Ron Littman with assistance from Sol Gallego-Garcia, who indexed the interview as it was taking place. The interview took place in the afternoon of 2/10/2021, as each Ron, Jasmine, and Sol were each in their respective homes, meeting over a recorded Zoom session. Here, Ron Littman discusses growing up in Williamsburg, having an unconventional school trajectory, and current college life. This transcription was created with the help of Otter.ai with necessary adjustments made for accuracy.","Description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","This interview was conducted by Lauren White and indexed by Ava Coles. The interview took\nplace on the afternoon of 2/25/21 over Zoom. Hatley Mason discussed his difficult decision to\nclose Mermaid Books, which he ran for over eleven years.","Description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","This interview of Amy Nadel was conducted by Colleen Rodgers and indexed by Maeve Quigley\non Sunday, February 7, 2021, at 3:40pm. The interview took place virtually due to the impact of\nthe COVID-19 pandemic and was done over Zoom, but Ms. Nadel was located in her room in an\noff-campus house. In the interview, Ms. Nadel discusses her experience of living abroad during\nthe onset of the pandemic in March of 2020.","Description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","This interview was conducted by Colleen Rodgers with Hallie Feinman indexing. The interview\ntook place virtually via Zoom at 5:00pm on Wednesday, May 5, 2021. In the interview, Macie\nOsborn, the mother of two sons currently enrolled in Williamsburg-James City County (WJCC)\nPublic Schools, discusses her experience with online learning during the Covid-19 pandemic.\nShe details the experiences of each of her sons, one in elementary school and one in middle\nschool, and expresses gratitude for WJCC's ability to adapt to an ever-changing pandemic-era\nworld.","This description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","I interviewed Maeve Quigley on Zoom. She was in her on-campus dorm room, while I was in\nmy off campus room. It was a cloudy, rainy day. Maeve seemed relaxed and ready to speak to us\nabout her experience moving to different places while growing up because she was smiling\nthroughout. She explained how living in three different regions within Virginia shaped her life.\nMaeve was 21 years old during the interview.","This description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","I interviewed Miss Rodgers over Zoom. Miss Rodgers was excited to describe how her family\nhistory shared interesting parallels with John Steinbeck's East of Eden . She gave some\nbackground on the book before delving into her own family's stories, including some funny\nstories passed down from her grandparents and older relatives.","The description is taken from the headnote created by the interview team.","This interview was conducted by Hallie Feinman with Colleen Rodgers indexing. This interview took place virtually over Zoom on Thursday, April 22nd, at 7 PM. The interview was roughly thirty minutes long. In the interview, local community college student Savannah Merriman talked about her time as a high school senior during the beginning of COVID-19 and her subsequent experiences with graduation, community college, and different communities in her life. Towards the latter half of the interview, Savannah spends time talking about her experiences with social media. ","Description taken from headnote created by interview team.","This interview was conducted by Lauren White and indexed by Michelle Lelièvre. The interview\ntook place on the afternoon of April 21, 2021 over Zoom. Michelle Lelièvre was in Richmond.\nLauren White was in Williamsburg. Monique Sowell (MS1) and Michelle Seiling (MS2) were in\nthe office of the Hound's Tale in Williamsburg. Sowell and Seiling discuss their relationship with\nAromas Cafe, how they reacted to the early stages of the pandemic, and the adversities they\nfaced. They also discuss the different programs they received financial aid from, as well as\nbusiness plans for the upcoming future.","This description is taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","I interviewed Bishop David Trichler over Zoom. Bishop Trichler about becoming Bishop of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS) in Williamsburg, how his congregation adjusted to COVID health protocols, and his own personal relationship with the Mormon faith.","The description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","This interview was conducted by Colleen Rodgers with Amy Nadel indexing. The interview took\nplace virtually via Zoom at 8:00pm on Tuesday, April 13, 2021. In the interview, Bruton High\nSchool senior Cate Westenberger discusses her life in Williamsburg. She describes her public\nschool experience prior to and during the Covid-19 pandemic, as well as her experience with\nextracurricular activities such as sports and her job at Wythe Candy in Colonial Williamsburg.","This description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team.","This interview was conducted by Ava Coles and indexed by Lauren White. The interview took place on the afternoon of 4/16/21 over Zoom. Becki Wildenburger discussed her engagement with House of Mercy as a Housing Navigator, personal motivations, and House of Mercy's relationship with the Williamsburg community. Ms. Wildenburger detailed the landscape of affordable housing in Williamsburg and discussed how her role has changed during the COVID-19 pandemic.","This interview was conducted by Ava Coles on April 19th, 2021 over Zoom. Ms. Wolosynowski discussed the origins of the Williamsburg House of Mercy and her experience as the founder and executive director. During COVID-19, she forged critical community coalitions to further the mission of her organization and served the Williamsburg community through impressive food and housing services. ","This description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","In this roundtable interview, Colonial Williamsburg Foundation employees Adam Canaday, Janice Canaday, and Paul Undra Jeter join the Director of Engagement at the Muscarelle Museum and visual artist Steve Prince and discuss the memorialization of African American history in Williamsburg, representation in the arts, local and national resistance to historical truth-telling, and visions for honoring African American ancestors. The Canadays discuss how being descendants of the first Black families of Williamsburg shaped both their careers as interpreters of African American history in CW. They also detail the legacy of Black labor in Williamsburg and express their frustrations with current obstacles to include African American representations in museums. Mr. Prince discusses his role as a visual artist, how he incorporates tragic histories within beautiful images, the power of visual representation, and how the lack of African American representation in public spaces harms the community. The narrators ask each other questions and relate their experiences throughout their discussion since this was the first time the CW employees met Steve Prince and the interviewers. The interview was conducted by undergraduate student Katherine 'Kate' Zabinski and indexed by her classmate Jamie Carkenord on April 20, 2022, at the Colonial Williamsburg Interpreters Office located at 427 Franklin Street in Williamsburg, VA. In the roundtable, Zabinski references the conversations she previously had with other community members who share local history with the roundtable participants. The roundtable interview was completed for an oral history research project in AMST 410: The Williamsburg Documentary Project, taught by Professor Michelle Lelièvre.","This description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","This interview was conducted by Jamie Carkenord and was indexed by Katherine Zabinski. The interview was transcribed. The interview took place on the morning of 1/28/2022 over Zoom. Ms. Clark discussed her life story moving across the country multiple times, what her childhood was like, and her college experience as an American Studies major.","This description is taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","In this interview, William and Mary student Jamie Carkenord discusses how and why she chose to pursue an undergraduate degree in American Studies and how the program has influenced her life. Carkenord describes how she chose American Studies because the interdisciplinary elements that allow her to study many topics and choose her own specialization of her interests. She explains how her mother also majored in American studies and how her mother's descriptions of history departments discouraged her from majoring in history. In American Studies, Carkenord found ease in both completing classes and scheduling new ones. Carkenord discusses how her major has increased her interest in Black American history and overall histories of minority groups in the United States, which have been the most rewarding features of her degree work. Carkenord's journey in American studies has changed the way she views social, political, legal, and economic factors of American society and she states that she continues to look for why historical events happen and who made them occur.","This description is taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","This interview was conducted and indexed by Teresa Clark. The interview took place on the afternoon of 04/22/2022 over Zoom. Ms. Cleveland discussed her journey as an artist in places like Chicago, Arizona, Williamsburg, and more. She discussed her artistic medium, the themes she draws on, and how her Williamsburg public art sculptures came to be. Ms. Cleveland also embeds her perspective on Williamsburg's public art scene in a story about coming back to the town herself and becoming a mother.","This description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","In this interview, Christopher Custalow (a citizen of the Oklahoma Cherokee Nation),\nKody Grant (a citizen of the Pueblo of Isleta and a descendant of the Eastern Band of Cherokee\nIndians), and Martin Saniga (a citizen of the Saponi Tribe out of Person County, North Carolina\nand Halifax County, Virginia) discuss their experiences working as American Indian interpreters\nin the tourism industry and the evolution of Indigenous representation in Colonial Williamsburg.\nThe narrators share information about their personal journeys with their cultural identities, the\ndifficulties and rewards about their career, and their hopes for the expansion of American Indian\nprogramming at Colonial Williamsburg.\nThis interview was conducted by Alison Walsh, and it was indexed by Alex Luck. The entire\ninterview was transcribed. The interview took place during the morning of 04/19/2022 on a\nZoom call.","This description was taken from a headnote created by the interview team. ","This interview was conducted, transcribed and indexed by Teresa Clark, The interview took place on the afternoon of 02/18/2022 at the city Municipal Buildings. Williamsburg Public Art Council members and Tourism Development specialist and WPAC staff liaison Joanna Skrabala discussed their role on the council, their view of public art, and the WPAC's work. ","This description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","In this interview, Rev. Dr. Julie Grace discusses how her involvement in the Historic First Baptist Church in Williamsburg, VA throughout her childhood led to her career as a minister and her dedication to preserving African American history. She details her family's history living in Williamsburg and working for the Colonial Williamsburg Foundation, her experiences going to segregated schools, and how many Black residents view the tourism districts differently with their ancestors' dispossessions in mind. Dr. Grace describes how her ancestors' 19th-century lives as successful Black business and landowners along Duke of Gloucester Street, like Alexander Dunlop, and the overall prosperity of the African American community in Williamsburg are neglected histories that need to be commemorated in the city's physical landscape. She also expresses her personal thoughts on memorialization of African American history in the Colonial Capital of Virginia. The interview was conducted by undergraduate student Katherine 'Kate' Zabinski and indexed by her classmate Karissa McDonald on April 25, 2022, using the Zoom video conferencing platform. In the interview, Zabinski references the roundtable discussion she previously conducted with other community members who share local history with Dr. Grace. The interview was completed for an oral history research project in AMST 410: the Williamsburg Documentary Project, taught by Professor Michelle Lelièvre.","This description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","This interview was conducted in-person at the Williamsburg Regional Library in\nWilliamsburg, Virginia during the afternoon of April 28th, 2022. This interview was conducted\nby Kirsten Knisely, and it was indexed by Alison Walsh. Robert Haas was the narrator. Mr. Haas\ndescribed his work as the Director of Program Services at the library. This job allows for him to\nplan and coordinate the live performing arts performances within the library theater. Mr. Haas\ndiscussed the history of performing arts at the library, the role of performing arts in\nWilliamsburg, funding and financial situation of the arts in Williamsburg, and his successes and\nfailures within his job. He also discusses the role of the college and tourism in the success of the\nlibrary. He also discusses the importance of increasing diversity. The interview was recorded\nusing a Zoom audio recording device. The interview was just under an hour.","This description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","In this interview, Williamsburg resident Neill Hollands describes his job as the president\nof the Board of Directors for the Williamsburg Players. Mr. Hollands has been working with the\nWilliamsburg Players for 10 years.. The Players are a non-profit community theater group that\nruns completely out of their theater on Hubbard Lane. The group typically puts on 12 shows a\nyear that are funded by donations, support from the city, and ticket sales. Hollands discusses the\nfinancial situation of the Players and how COVID-19 impacted in-person activities. The\ninterview continues on to discuss the community building aspect of community theater. He\ndescribes how the theater community is very well-loved among the older community within\nWilliamsburg. Hollands discusses the importance of diversity within the Performing arts world,\nand how the Williamsburg Players work to increase diversity, but ultimately sruggle. This\ninterview was completed as a part of Kirsten Knisely's research project on Performing arts in\nWilliamsburg, Virginia. Knisely conducted the interview in-person using zoom audio recording\ntools. The interview took place on April 24th, 2022 at the James-York Playhouse, where the\nWilliamsburg Players are based. This project is associated with the American Studies program,\nand will complete the AMST 410: Williamsburg Documentary Project, taught by Professor\nMichelle Lelievre.","This description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","In this interview, Kirsten Knisely her early childhood and high school years. She\ndescribes her family life and speaks about people she admires. Kirsten grew up in Arlington,\nVirginia and in the interview, she speaks on her high school experience and friendships. Kirsten\ndetails some core memories as well as fandoms she was involved in high school and her beliefs\nin the tooth fairy and Santa. The interview was completed for an assignment in AMST 410:\nWilliamsburg Documentary Project, taught by Professor Michelle Lelièvre.","This description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","This interview was conducted and indexed by Alison Walsh. The entire interview was\ntranscribed using Zoom Video Communications. The interview took place on the\nmorning of 1/30/2022 over Zoom. Ms. Luck describes her life history, including growing\nup in rural North Carolina, grappling with differing viewpoints from her family and\ncommunity, attending the College of William \u0026 Mary, her passions for dance and history,\nand significant influences on her life.","This description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team.","This interview was conducted by Alex Luck and was indexed by Alex Luck. The entire interview was transcribed using Word afterwards. The interview took place on the morning of 1/30/2022 over Zoom. Karissa McDonald discussed topics about different stages of her life, including International Schooling, her college experience, and her plans for graduation. ","This description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","In this interview, former Williamsburg resident Jessika Weaver Miller (daughter of\nWilliamsburg activist Johnette Gordon Weaver and granddaughter of Highland Park resident\nMyrtle Gordon) describes her professional experiences in the U.S. Navy and in insurance work\nand education in Australia. She speaks about joining the Navy after attending the U.S. Naval\nAcademy and starting a family with her Australian husband in Australia. There, she developed\nan interest in local Indigenous cultures and decided to pursue teaching professionally. Miller\ndescribes her decision to teach in the Torres Strait, a remote northern island region populated by\nIndigenous communities. She talks about the challenges of cross-cultural teaching and working\nin a remote school with limited technological resources and low literacy rates, and her effort to\nstart a Navy Cadet program in the area. She then shifts to discuss her own educational experience\nin Williamsburg, Virginia, particularly at Jamestown High School, a majority-white school. She\nspeaks to her involvement with the First Baptist Church in Williamsburg and her relationship\nwith churches in Australia. The interview concludes with a discussion of her two elementary\nschool-aged children and her educational and social goals for them. This interview was\nconducted by undergraduate W\u0026M senior Jamie Carkenord on April 29, 2022 using the Zoom\nvideo conferencing platform. Jessika Miller was Zooming in from Thursday Island, Australia, so\nher local time was 9:00am on April 30th. This interview was completed as part of Carkenord's\nresearch project in AMST 410: Williamsburg Documentary Project, taught by Professor\nMichelle Lelièvre.","This description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","This interview was conducted in-person by Teresa Clark and indexed by Katherine Zabinski at the Culture Fix building located at 410 Francis St. in Williamsburg, VA on the morning of 4/27/2022. Mrs. Wendy Miller discussed her experiences as a long-time resident of Williamsburg who captures local experiences as the director and photographer of Culture Fix.","This description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","This interview was conducted by and indexed by Karissa McDonald. The entire interview was later transcribed using Otter.ai. The interview took place on the afternoon of 4/12/2021 over Zoom. Mr. Russell discussed his life and work history, his experiences with ghost stories, and the famous ghost stories of Williamsburg. ","This description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","In this interview, Martin Saniga, who identifies as Saponi, Native, and American, discusses how growing up in Newport News, Virginia with his white mother and adoptive white father initially made him feel removed from his Saponi culture. He gradually reclaimed his culture by involving himself and making a difference within the Indigenous community of the greater Williamsburg area. On top of his career, he works with an Indigenous youth culture camp and is the president of a nonprofit language revitalization consortium. Mr. Saniga describes his career path: first joining the Coast Guard, later working as a site supervisor for Jamestown Settlement, and now working as an interpreter and head of the American Indian Initiative for Colonial Williamsburg. Mr. Saniga answers questions about the public reception of recent American Indian programming, museum ownership of Indigenous objects, the migration history of the Saponi people, William \u0026 Mary's complicated relationship with the local Indigenous community, and the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on his work. \nThe interview was conducted by undergraduate students Alex Luck and Alison Walsh on February 24th, 2022 using the Zoom video conferencing platform. The interview was indexed by undergraduate students Kirsten Knisely and Karissa McDonald. The interview was completed for the Guest Interview assignment in AMST 410: Williamsburg Documentary Project, taught by Professor Michelle Lelièvre.","\nThis description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","Within this interview on January 30th, 2022 at 10:15am, Kirsten Knisely interviews her peer Alison Walsh. After Alison approves consent to conduct the interview, Kirsten begins her questions. Throughout the interview, Kirsten asks Alison questions concerning her youth and growing up, particularly what she was interested in as a kid and throughout high school. Alison describes her passions for sports and extracurriculars. She also describes her family and their importance to her. Kirsten continues to ask Alison about her time at William and Mary, what she is involved in, and who she spends her time with. Alison talks about her participation in a multitude of extracurricular activities and talks about her closest friends in college. The interview then moves to discussing the future, where Alison describes her plans to be an environmental lawyer and potentially starting a family one day. At the end of the interview, Alison signs the deed of gift form. ","This description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","In this interview, Ms. Johnette Weaver discusses how her personal history and education in Williamsburg, VA shaped her work as an advocate for social justice. She describes her family's arrival in Virginia in the late 17th century, their dislocations, and eventual establishment in Highland Park. Ms. Weaver explains her complicated relationship with the Colonial Williamsburg Foundation alongside her pride in the work she has done as an interpreter there. She tells of her lifelong love of reading and of her choice to attend the historically Black college, Hampton University. Ms. Weaver discusses her social media manager position with Williamsburg Action, a social justice advocacy group that formed in 2020. The interview was conducted by undergraduate students Katherine Zabinski and Teresa Clark on February 15, 2022, using the Zoom video conferencing platform. In the interview, Clark and Zabinski reference the background knowledge they received about Johnette Weaver from assignments conducted in their undergraduate course AMST 410: Williamsburg Documentary Project, taught by Professor Michelle Lelièvre. Both the class assignment observations and interview were completed for an assignment in AMST 410.","This description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team.","In this interview, William and Mary student Katherine Zabinski describes her upbringing in a\nmilitary family, how it exposed her to other cultures and helped inform her passion for American\nhistory, and also describes her path to the college and the love of hip hop DJing she picked up\nhere. Zabinski narrates her family's moves from California to Washington State to Virginia,\nwhere she has lived since middle school. She explains that she does not consider uprooting\nmultiple times a downside, except that she finds it awkward trying to describe where she is from.\nOn the contrary, she describes how living in multiple places exposed her to more diverse\nAmerican cultures, growing familiar with Native and Chicano communities in California,\nIndigenous and Asian-American communities in Washington, and Black communities along with\nother diverse cultures in Virginia. She describes moving to Virginia and the South as a culture\nshock, but enjoyed the diverse geographies along with the diverse cultures: the California\ndeserts, Washington mountains, and Virginia cotton and cornfields. Zabinski describes the roots\nof her interest in history and the way attending predominantly Black middle and high schools\nand becoming friends with Black women inspired her to learn more about African-American\nhistory and American history that acknowledges white supremacy. She narrates how she came to\nbe interested in William \u0026 Mary. Initially having thought to join the military or attend\ncosmetology school, it was her teachers who encouraged her to take summer classes in the\nNIAHD program at the college, causing her to fall in love with the campus and with colonial to\nrevolutionary American history—with Richmond as one focus. Zabinski closes the interview by\ndescribing the extracurricular she has most enjoyed at William and Mary: the SOUL students of\nhip hop legacy club. She describes her involvement in the executive and social media branches\nof the club, and the DJing she had the opportunity to on a large and small scale during her time\nhere.","This description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","In this interview, American Studies and Gender, Sexuality and Women's Studies (GSWS)\nProfessor Leisa Meyer narrates their experience living in Williamsburg, Virginia, and the\nsurrounding areas as it pertains to the Queer community. Professor Meyer begins with detailing\ntheir life as a Professor at William and Mary, how much they care for their students and reform,\nand how they came to be a Professor and long-time resident of Williamsburg. They explain how\nthe surrounding areas of Williamsburg have a more lively Queer presence, and details some of\nthe history behind the notorious Gay/Lesbian bars in these more urbanized towns. Throughout\nthe interview, there are discussions of what qualifies as a Queer space, what Williamsburg and\nthe Queer community in the town can do to advance their presence in the Colonial city, and ends\nwith concluding remarks about Williamsburg as a whole.","This interview is conducted by Natalie Corsello and indexed by Emma Blackwood. The interview is transcribed by Abby Mendez (they/them). The interview took place in person in the Haven on April 16th at 11:00am. Liz Cascone discusses her background in terms of education and her journey leading up to their move to Williamsburg, as well as her thoughts on the difficulties of finding Queer community and spaces as a non-student, non-retiree in Williamsburg.","In this interview, Marcus Banks Jr. discusses his upbringing in the sports world and those who have positively influenced his journey as a basketball player. A native of the Williamsburg and Newport News areas, Banks begins by explaining who introduced him to the game of basketball and how he fell in love with it. He discusses his experience with basketball prior to college, transferring to different high schools, and the process by which he developed his skills on and off the court, as well as how he was able to overcome adversity. He speaks on what the game has meant to him throughout his life, the various coaches who have helped mold him into the young man he is today, and teammates he has had the pleasure of playing alongside. Finally, Marcus elaborates on the countless lessons, skills, and experiences that basketball has afforded him, and how these things can be applied to other areas of his life.","In the following oral history, John McGlennon, a Professor in Government at the College of\nWilliam \u0026 Mary and member of the Board of Supervisors of James City County, Virginia, discusses his\ninterest in politics as a youth, his education and activities at Fordham University and Johns Hopkins\nUniversity, and his participation in the Democratic Party in Williamsburg, Virginia. McGlennon explains\nhow his New York childhood and background as a first-generation college student sparked his initial\ninterest in politics, particularly in the Kennedy presidency. His increasing dissatisfaction with the Johnson\npresidency led McGlennon to become involved in the high school and college newspapers, which instilled\na belief in the consequence of journalism and academia as avenues for influencing politics. McGlennon\ndescribes his impressions of the First Congressional District of Virginia upon arriving in Williamsburg in\n1974, detailing his rise through the local Democratic Party from 1978 to 1981. Finally, he outlines his\n1982 strategy to campaign against then-State Senator Herb Bateman in the general election for the First\nCongressional District of Virginia, including how he solicited PAC funds, participated in\ncandidate-on-candidate debates, and the role of abortion in determining the final vote outcome.\nWilliamsburg Documentary Project student Caleb Fulford conducted the interview on April 2, 2024, at\n9:00 am with an Amcrest USB Microphone. Fulford and indexer Seth Novak reference the class\nassignment involving the interview in AMST 410: Williamsburg Documentary Project, taught by\nProfessor Michelle Lelièvre.","This interview was conducted by Natalie Lopez and was indexed by Abigail Swanberg. This interview was transcribed by Natalie Lopez. It took place on April 17, 2024 in Swem Room 168. Cecilia Weaver discusses her internship experience at Colonial National Historical Park, her other internships and jobs, and her time at William \u0026 Mary. Topics of this interview include interning, archaeology, Geographic Information System (GIS), public history, museum work, and interpretation.","In this interview, Sam Beavin discusses the culture of music in Williamsburg and how people participate in it. He begins with his background of growing up in Parkland, Florida, and what music is common to that area. He then speaks about his involvement in a student band, Halcyon Lane, and their interactions with other bands on campus. He mentions his influences and genre tastes, and how those compare to the music he plays for Halcyon Lane. He then goes on to describe the locations he has played at, such as the Meridian, the Amphitheater, Sadler Center, Merchants' Square, and on a float during the 2023 Homecoming Parade. He elaborates on the people who listen to him play and how they identify, specifically whether there are students or otherwise. Sam concludes that he is more connected to the William and Mary music community, though enjoys those connections and is content with them. The interview was conducted by undergraduate student Seth Novak on April 7th, 2024, using Zoom H8 Digital Recorders in Earl Gregg Swem Library for the American Studies department Williamsburg Documentary Project.","Maureen Anderson was interviewed was by Abigail Swanberg. The interview was indexed by Joey Houska and Anika Ahammad. The entire interview was transcribed. The interview took place on the afternoon of 4/12/2024 in person at 3312 N Riverside Drive Lanexa 23089. The interview contains topics including family, stating a business, creating and running a farmer's market, self-sufficiency, farming, living in a historic house, and COVID-19.","This interview was conducted by Abigail Swanberg and indexed by Caleb Fulford and Gabe Dorsey. The interview occurred on April 26th, 2024, at 1:00 pm in Swem Library Room 118. This interview was conducted as part of the Williamsburg Documentary Project. Joey Houska is a senior at the College of William \u0026 Mary. They started and currently lead the Toano Walking Tour Project. This interview contains topics including revitalization efforts, community, William \u0026 Mary, walking arts, leadership, Ohio, and advocacy work.","In this interview, Abigail Swanberg discusses a condensed \"life history\", beginning with her life and family in Appomattox, Virginia, and continuing on to other topics such as her interest in football and participation in the marching band. She describes her high school experience under Covid-19 and how it differed from her introduction to college. Finally, she ponders her life goals and ultimate aspirations. The interview was conducted by undergraduate student Seth Novak on January 28th, 2024 using the Zoom video conferencing platform. This interview was completed for an assignment in AMST 410: Williamsburg Documentary Project, taught by Professor Michelle Lelièvre.","In this interview, Caleb Fulford discusses his upbringing and how his parents' relative youth and complex relationship impacted him as a child, as well as his relationship with his younger sisters. He also discusses the impact of his friendship with his current roommate Georgia, who he has been friends with since middle school. He describes how his learning difficulties in school encouraged him to join the debate team and, later, pursue a legal career. He also speaks about how his family's religious differences impacted his ideas about politics. The interview was conducted by undergraduate student Natalie Lopez on January 30, 2024 using the Zoom video conferencing platform. This interview was completed for an assignment in AMST 410: Williamsburg Documentary Project, taught by Professor Michelle Lelièvre.","In this interview, Deja Williams discusses her upbringing and college experience. She describes where she is from, schools attended, the decision to come to William \u0026 Mary, and college extracurriculars, including improv comedy and the desire to play an intramural sport.","In this interview, Emma Blackwood discusses her upbringing in Richmond, VA and her experiences through private school preparing her for college. She describes how quarantine impacted her family, as well as her transition to William and Mary. Soon to be graduating, Emma Blackwood outlines her post-college plans for law school, especially in environmental justice advocacy. The interview was conducted by undergraduate student Anika Ahammad on January 29, 2024 using the Zoom video conferencing platform. The interview was completed for an assignment in AMST 410: Williamsburg Documentary Project, taught by Professor Michelle Lelièvre.","In the following interview, Gabe Dorsey discusses his early childhood and how his parents instilled an unwavering dedication to work, discipline, and spirituality. Gabe recalls deriving his name from the biblical archangel Gabriel, who declared to the Virgin Mary that she had been selected to bear the Son of God and served as a touchstone throughout his upbringing. He describes attending church every Sunday with his immediate family—his mother, father, two older brothers, and grandparents—and values the faith he observed between his parents as a marital unit. Gabe also reflects on how family, early education, and recreational athletics led him to pursue and compete in collegiate basketball at the College of William \u0026 Mary. He credits his father, a former college basketball player, with inspiring him and emphasizing the academic benefits of such a sport. I completed the interview for an assignment in the Williamsburg Documentary Project, taught by Professor Michelle Lelièvre.","This interview was conducted by Gabe Dorsey and was indexed by Caleb Fulford. The entire interview was transcribed. The interview took place on the evening of 1/30/2024 over Zoom. Ms. Lopez gives a brief background on her hometown, upbringing, family life, and her ambitions as a motivated William and Mary student. She gives insight regarding her experiences being a kid from the west coast studying on the east coast, a young girl growing up in a Mexican household and a young woman discovering more and more about herself as she travels and grows through life. \"In the words of Walt Whitman, 'we all contain multitudes'\".","In this interview, Seth Novak discusses his experiences moving around Arlington, Virginia. He also talks about his family and the pets that his family has owned over the years, mostly cats. He talks about his experience volunteering at the Heritage Humane Society. Seth Novak also mentioned how he ended up at William \u0026 Mary, his current thoughts on being a senior who is graduating early, and his post-graduation plans.","In this interview, Laura Gonzalez Castro discusses her personal and professional life, their interaction, and what her work means to her. She describes her youth in Havana, Cuba, and how her experiences were similar and different from other citizens. She also discusses her immigration to the United States and the efforts that went into finding work here, bringing her family members, and how she ended up in Virginia. Gonzalez Castro then goes on to talk about her professional life in the Center for Child and Family Services, and how terminology can have a large impact on the clients she takes in, especially those considered \"undocumented\". Interest is also paid to her education in Cuba, as well as personal life, such as travels across Europe and domestically. The interview was conducted by undergraduate students Abby Mendez and Seth Novak on March 5th, 2024, using DGI microphones.","This Williamsburg Documentary Project guest interview was conducted in the dining area in the basement of First Baptist Church in Williamsburg, Virginia. Molly Robinson conducted the interview and Michelle Lelièvre indexed. Students enrolled in the WDP also attended and interacted with Mrs. Montgomery during the interview. Prior to sitting down with us, Mrs. Montgomery gave the class a tour of the historic First Baptist Church. This enriching tour took up much of our class period, so Mrs. Montgomery scheduled a follow-up oral history that took place on April 4, 2024. In this first interview, she discusses growing up in Winter Park, Florida, attending Hungerford High School in Eatonville, FL, traveling and performing with musician Bill Doggett, raising her daughter during her career as a musician, getting married and moving to Williamsburg, starting credit unions in the town, and entering various leadership positions, including Chairperson of the History Ministry at First Baptist Church. The recording is punctuated with sounds of a phone ringing (@ 7:20 and 9:18). Mrs. Montgomery can also be heard speaking to other members of First Baptist who were in the church during the interview (@ 19:27, 36:19, and 49:10). Around 49:00, several students had to excuse themselves to attend another class.","This oral history was a follow-up to the oral history interview conducted with Mrs. Liz Montgomery by the Williamsburg Documentary Project on February 22, 2024. Both interviews were conducted by Molly Robinson, with questions developed by Molly Robinson and Michelle Lelièvre. Given the expansive nature of Mrs. Montgomery's first interview, the WDP invited her to conduct a second interview where we could explore in greater depth some of the many fascinating topics she introduced, including her experience as a jazz vocalist touring with Bill Doggett in the 1960's, her work to establish credit unions at Colonial Williamsburg and Busch Gardens, her work as a mother raising children in Williamsburg, and her leadership at the First Baptist Church. Mrs. Montgomery was very generous with her responses and shared details of her life that she had not previously disclosed publicly. She ended her interview by singing (unrehearsed!) a few bars from \"Sometimes I Feel Like a Motherless Child.\" The Williamsburg Documentary Project was honored to welcome Mrs. Montgomery and receive the gift of her stories.","In the following oral history, Meredith Poole, a Staff Archaeologist with the Colonial Williamsburg Foundation, discusses how discovering a fossil in her backyard at an early age sparked her passion for archaeology. She also cites numerous educators, from her elementary school teacher to a professor with whom Poole traveled to Belize for a semester abroad, as inspiratory figures in the initial development of her almost 39-year career. Poole explains how working on the 1985 excavation of the Shields Tavern site while completing her Master's Thesis for her MA in Anthropology from William \u0026 Mary helped to both ground her roots in the Williamsburg community and provide her with invaluable on-the-ground skills, such as appreciating the value of minute details and archeological storytelling, that would become central in her later work. She discusses her contributions to the 2022 excavation of the First Baptist Church Cite as among her proudest projects, describing the uncovering of such a personal history for the descendant community as a fulfilling process that exemplifies the value of archaeology. Poole also explains how she balanced her dual interests in fieldwork and obligations as a public-facing archaeologist with the Colonial Williamsburg Foundation, recalling as paramount her skills in creative writing and community development. She advises future archaeologists to focus on a specialized field of research that interests them and communicate the relevant knowledge in ways that the general public can understand and appreciate. Williamsburg Documentary Project students Caleb Fulford and Abigail Swanberg conducted the interview on February 20, 2024, at 2:00 pm with a Zoom H4N and DGI microphones provided by graduate student Molly Robinson. Fulford, Swanberg, and indexer Natalie Lopez reference the class assignment involving the interview in AMST 410: Williamsburg Documentary Project, taught by Professor Michelle Lelièvre.","This interview was conducted by Natalie Corsello and Emma Blackwood and was indexed by Anika Ahammad. The entire interview was transcribed. The interview took place on the afternoon of 2/13/2024 in person at Boswell Hall Room# 40 on 100 Ukrop Way, Williamsburg, VA. Tijuana Reeve discussed her journey to William \u0026 Mary, her advocacy in the Cape Henry Project, and also her personal experiences with pregnancy, stillbirth, and motherhood.","In this interview, Diane Langhorst discusses her experience of belonging and community as a student at the College of William and Mary in the class of 1968, detailing her life in chapters. She discusses the impact of being the middle child and the oldest daughter growing up in the church and transitioning to becoming a student. Further, she recalls the cultural changes of living in Williamsburg, as her parents didn't visit and there were no black students on campus,\nstating that the campus was isolated and segregated. She recounts how her religion fostered community, enabling a closer connection between her and her friends. She discusses how William and Mary felt insulated, how she felt little connection to the community outside of campus, and comments on the lack of news and political discussion. Diane cites the liberal arts education at the college as the inspiration for her study of sociology and subsequent career in social work. This interview was conducted by undergraduate students Caroline Cromwell and Leah Schrum and was indexed by Sarah Kinlaw. The interview took place in the Samuel E. Jones building on the William and Mary campus on the afternoon of 3/6/2025. This interview was conducted for research purposes by the Williamsburg Documentary Project, taught by\nMolly Robinson and Tijuana Reeve.","This description is taken from the headnote for the oral history. ","In this interview, Zach Meredith discusses how his experience as a student at William and Mary shaped his understanding of community and belonging. He discusses how he was drawn to W\u0026M for its intellectual community, and subsequently found his community through the American Studies department and the Williamsburg Documentary Project course. Further, Zach details how the WDP exposed him to new ways of approaching history through archive work and understanding of his positionality. He recounts how his research on the Triangle Block during the WDP developed into his senior thesis project, \"Urban Renewal in the Colonial Capital: Contextualizing the Williamsburg Redevelopment \u0026 Housing Authority\"(2019). Now teaching at the same high school in Durham, North Carolina that he attended as a student, Zach\nhopes to develop a Durham History elective, incorporating aspects from the WDP. This interview was conducted by undergraduate students Sarah Kinlaw and Leah Schrum and was indexed by Caroline Cromwell. The interview took place in the Samuel E. Jones building on the William and Mary campus and on Zoom on the afternoon of 3/4/2025. This interview was conducted for research purposes by the Williamsburg Documentary Project, taught by Molly Robinson and Tijuana Reeve."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use:"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"names_coll_ssim":["Economic Development"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","American Studies Program","Economic Development","Blayton, James Blaine, Sr., (Dr.)","Casey, Carlton","Glosson, Sarah","Arthur Knight","Doyle, Margetta Hirsch (Margetta Hirsch Doyle)","Etheridge, Jeanne","Willard Gilley","George Greenia","Heacox, Thomas (Thomas Lee), 1943-2024","Lois Hornsby","Louise Lambert Kale","Langton, Helen","Ann Ward Little, Daughter of Archibald F. Ward, Jr.","McKnight, Joyce","Mendez, Jennifer Bickham","Nichol, Gene R., 1951-","Oxrieder, Julia W.","Frances Robb (Frances Robb)","Sternberg, Ethel (Ethel Sternberg)","Taylor, Rodney B. (Rodney B. Taylor)","Sullivan, Timothy J.","Sikk, Helis","Gift of Mary Geiger","Granger, Gil (Gilbert Lofton), 1935-2023","Zhang, Benny, 1994- (Benming)"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","American Studies Program","Economic Development"],"persname_ssim":["Blayton, James Blaine, Sr., (Dr.)","Casey, Carlton","Glosson, Sarah","Arthur Knight","Doyle, Margetta Hirsch (Margetta Hirsch Doyle)","Etheridge, Jeanne","Willard Gilley","George Greenia","Heacox, Thomas (Thomas Lee), 1943-2024","Lois Hornsby","Louise Lambert Kale","Langton, Helen","Ann Ward Little, Daughter of Archibald F. Ward, Jr.","McKnight, Joyce","Mendez, Jennifer Bickham","Nichol, Gene R., 1951-","Oxrieder, Julia W.","Frances Robb (Frances Robb)","Sternberg, Ethel (Ethel Sternberg)","Taylor, Rodney B. (Rodney B. Taylor)","Sullivan, Timothy J.","Sikk, Helis","Gift of Mary Geiger","Granger, Gil (Gilbert Lofton), 1935-2023","Zhang, Benny, 1994- (Benming)"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1146,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-24T23:21:23.242Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_9022_c10_c01_c11"}},{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9022_c10_c01_c02","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Curtis, Austin Final Report","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_9022_c10_c01_c02#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9022_c10_c01_c02","ref_ssm":["viw_repositories_2_resources_9022_c10_c01_c02"],"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9022_c10_c01_c02","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9022","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9022","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9022_c10_c01","parent_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9022_c10_c01","parent_ssim":["viw_repositories_2_resources_9022","viw_repositories_2_resources_9022_c10","viw_repositories_2_resources_9022_c10_c01"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viw_repositories_2_resources_9022","viw_repositories_2_resources_9022_c10","viw_repositories_2_resources_9022_c10_c01"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Williamsburg Documentary Project","Series 10: Acc. 2022.109, Spring 2021 and Spring 2022 Interviews and Class Materials","WDP 2021"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Williamsburg Documentary Project","Series 10: Acc. 2022.109, Spring 2021 and Spring 2022 Interviews and Class Materials","WDP 2021"],"text":["Williamsburg Documentary Project","Series 10: Acc. 2022.109, Spring 2021 and Spring 2022 Interviews and Class Materials","WDP 2021","Curtis, Austin Final Report"],"title_filing_ssi":"Curtis, Austin Final Report","title_ssm":["Curtis, Austin Final Report"],"title_tesim":["Curtis, Austin Final Report"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["2021"],"normalized_date_ssm":["2021"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Curtis, Austin Final Report"],"component_level_isim":[3],"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"collection_ssim":["Williamsburg Documentary Project"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":976,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Portions of this collection may be restricted for privacy reasons. Consult a staff member for assistance. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"date_range_isim":[2021],"_nest_path_":"/components#9/components#0/components#1","timestamp":"2026-05-24T23:21:23.242Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9022","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9022","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9022","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9022","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_9022.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Williamsburg Documentary Project ","title_ssm":["Williamsburg Documentary Project"],"title_tesim":["Williamsburg Documentary Project"],"unitdate_ssm":["Circa 1930-2015","2008-2015"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["2008-2015"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["Circa 1930-2015"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["UA 351","/repositories/2/resources/9022"],"text":["UA 351","/repositories/2/resources/9022","Williamsburg Documentary Project","Williamsburg (Va.)--History","Williamsburg (Va.)--Maps","Williamsburg (Va.)--Newspapers","College of William and Mary--History--20th century","Colonial Williamsburg Foundation--History","Interviews","Williamsburg, Battle of, Williamsburg, Va., 1862","Clippings (information artifacts)","Photographs","Transcripts","Newsletters","Portions of this collection may be restricted for privacy reasons. Consult a staff member for assistance. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","Box 11 contains restricted material. Please consult a staff member for further assistance. This is a temporary series and will be deleted once it has been integrated with the existing collection. The series contains oral histories, final reports, and map diaries by students in the Williamsburg Documentary Project course at William and Mary. Box 9 is unrestricted.","Swem library use only","Materials are accessible to researchers at Swem Library only.","Materials accessible to researchers at Swem Library only.","Material accessible to researchers in Swem Library only.","Swem library use only","Material access restricted to researchers at Swem Library only.","Swem library use only","Deed of Gift is missing.","Interview is restricted pending a removal of certain content from the transcript and digital file.","The American Studies Program offers students the opportunity to engage with the complex and diverse histories of cultural, racial, and national encounters that, like those of our local area, have come to shape the past and present of the United States, and the Americas. In a rigorous, yet flexible environment of intellectual inquiry, students develop the critical skills that allow them not only to pursue rewarding careers, but to serve as responsible citizens of the 21st Century.","VERY IMPORTANT: Anyone quoting from or making substantial use of the oral histories collected here should consider THE SOUND RECORDINGS THE DEFINITIVE SOURCE. Transcripts, indexes, and key words are only tools meant to help guide users to the sound recordings. Most of these interviews were done by WDP student-interviewers. Most interviews combine a life history format with some questioning specific to a student-interviewer's research interests. As part of their training, WDP students do some group interviews and also interview one another, and the collection also contains these recordings. Additionally, the collection gathers some recordings that were done by other groups—for example, local volunteers helping commemorate Williamsburg's 300th anniversary. All oral history interviews conducted by the WDP are done following the Oral History Association's principles and best practices guidelines. Each record in the digital archive contains: a) a sound recording of an interview (WAV format; some MP3 format); a few recordings have been edited to reflect restrictions; some recordings are available for use only on-site in Swem Library's Special Collections b) an image of the Deed of Gift relevant to the interview (PDF or TIFF format) c) a \"live index\" to the recording (PDF format); these indexes were made by assistants to the main interviewer during the interview and, using time code, give a rough guide to major topics covered in the interview. d) a \"headnote\" (PDF format); written by the main interviewer, headnotes give some basic information on the circumstances in which the interview took place and highlight some key topics covered in the interview. Many records also contain: e) an interview transcript, which incorporates the headnote described above (PDF format); prepared by the main interviewer, transcripts attempt to render the dialogue of the interview in a way that is quickly searchable. SCHOLARS WISHING TO QUOTE, SYNOPSIZE, OR REFERENCE A WDP ORAL HISTORY SHOULD ALWAYS CHECK THE TRANSCRIPT AGAINST THE INTERVIEW RECORDING. Some records may also contain: f) scans of documents or photographs (TIFF files) related to the interviewee or topics covered in the interview.","Davis does not wanted monetary publications to use her interview.","An edited version of this oral history is being made available to researchers at the request of the interviewee.","Acc. 2009.030 accessioned and minimally described by Amy C. Schindler, University Archivist, in 2/2009. Acc. 2010.311 accessioned and minimally described by Steven Bookman, University Archives Specialist, in 5/2010. All accessions were integrated and processed by David Ward, SCRC Graduate Apprentice, from October 2013-January 2014. Acc. 2015.148 accessioned and minimally described by Steven Bookman, University Archives Specialist, in June 2015.","Digital content documents from the Williamsburg Documentary Project, including some interviews, are available at William \u0026 Mary Libraries Digital Collections  .","This collection is composed of material collected and created by the Williamsburg Documentary Project. The Williamsburg Documentary Project conducts oral history interviews and builds physical and digital archives, as well as other activities, through which it interprets the past of Williamsburg, Virginia.","The collection includes publications, news clippings, interviews, and planning documents about Merchant's Square, New Town, food, immigration, as well as events related to Williamsburg history. Events documented in this collection include the removal of a cross from the chapel in the William \u0026 Mary Wren Building at the direction of College President Gene R. Nichol. ","This sub-series contains oral history interviews from 1995-2012. Interviewees consist primarily of William \u0026 Mary students, William \u0026 Mary Faculty, and Williamsburg and James City County residents. Interviews have related oral history materials in the William \u0026 Mary digital archive. The suberies is arranged in alphabetical order by last name of interviewee.","File contains deed of gift, detailed, time-stamped summary of interview, and written summary of oral history interview conducted by Graham DeZarn. Mr. Abbott speaks about his family history, the work his architectural firm does, and the importance of understanding the history of the area. He speaks about the progect at Polegreen Church in Hanover County, VA and the preservation of historic and agricultural land.","This sub- series contains oral history deeds, transcripts and notes from 1995-2012.","Final papers for student projects consist of a variety of subjects on the community life and culture within Williamsburg and surrounding environs. Some of these topics have related oral history and digital materials in the William \u0026 Mary digital archive. This series contains student project map diaries from 2008-2012. Students track their locations and movements for a 24 hour period to construct a map diary of their day. There is no prescribed format for the map diary. The bulk of the series is arranged by project title.","Please note that select student papers are restricted from viewing due to privacy. Please consult with a staff member for assistance. ","This series contains research materials on the following subjects: : Old Town/New Town, Food and Poverty in Williamsburg and Wren Cross controversy, Battle of Williamsburg Commemoration, J1 Work Visas, Retirement in Williamsburg and Development of Quarterpath Road. There are also oral history materials from the Grass Roots Theater (1998-1999). Old Town/New Town: Merchants Square material, Merchants Square Real Estate Operations, The NewTowner magazines, Next Door Neighbor magazine, and newspaper clippings for 2007. Food and Poverty in Williamsburg: USDA Brochures (2007), Statistics, Information, Advertisements (2010), SHIP (2010), Food Bank Study (2004), Community Health Report (2005) Wren Cross controversy: Emails, Websites and notes used in compiling final report. Battle of Williamsburg Commemoration: Notes J1 Work Visas: Briefings, Regulations, Court Case, and notes used in compiling final report. All from 2010. Retirement in Williamsburg: Reports and Brochures, Journal Articles, Tourism directory, and newspaper clippings.","Williamsburg, Virginia, Traffic Lights, 35 x 21 cm, color Williamsburg, Virginia, Original City and Subsequent Annexation, 28 x 43cm, Color, ca 1984 Williamsburg, Virginia,, Williamsburg in the '20 and '30s, 21 x 28cm, Black \u0026 White James City County, 29.5 x 43cm, color, 2006 Williamsburg, Virginia, Comprehensive Plan, 42.5 x 54.5 cm, color, 2006 Williamsburg, Virginia, Zoning Districts, 1 of 3, 42.5 x 34 cm, color, February 13, 2003 Williamsburg, Virginia, Architectual Review Distircts, 42.5 x 34 cm, 2 of 3, color, March 9, 2006 Williamsburg, Virginia, Zoning Districts, 3 of 3, 42.5 x 34 cm, color, February 13, 2003 Williamsburg, Virginia, Zoning Map, 91 x 58 cm, black \u0026 white, July 1, 1966, 2 copies Williamsburg, Virginia, Zoning Map, 91 x 58 cm, black \u0026 white, August,1972, Res'C', March 26, 1981 Williamsburg, Virginia, Zoning Map, 91 x 58 cm, black \u0026 white, August,1972, ' March 23, 1987, 2 copies Williamsburg, Virginia, Zoning Map, 91 x 58 cm, black \u0026 white, August,1972, January 1, 1975, 2 copies Williamsburg, Virginia, Zoning Map, 91 x 58 cm, black \u0026 white, July 1964 Williamsburg, Virginia, Real Property Grid Index, 91 x 58 cm, color, July 13, 2004","Al Albert is the a former soccer coach at William and Mary and is credited with founding the Tidewater Soccer camp. He speaks about his background and the founding of the camp. Folder contains a summary and index of the interview.","Douglas Austin speaks about his time growing up in the Williamsburg James City County School System and his time at Bruton Heights, previously and African American only school. Folder contains and index and transcript of the interview.","Dr. Bernacki is a general practitioner who has been practicing in Williamsburg since the 1980s. Dr. Bernacki speaks about his past as a medical student at Georgetown, his time as a physician in the Air Force, the growth he has seen in the Williamsburg medical community, and his belief in the Affordable Care Act (ACA). Folder contains a summary and index of the interview.","Dr. Brown speaks about the past medical community of Williamsburg and his disagreement with the Affordable Care Act (ACA). Folder contains a summary and index of the interview.","Lauren Brown speaks about growing up in Williamsburg and the tourism industry. Folder contains an index of the interview.","Sarah Cate-Pizarro is a student at William and Mary and speaks about her life in Richmond, VA, he plans for the future, her travels, and her family. Folder contains an index and transcript of the interview.","Linda Chemlow has been in Williamsburg since 1989 and speaks about her work in the medical field including her personal and professional attitudes towards the Affordable Care Act (ACA). Folder contains a summary and index of the interview.","John Daly is the Head Women's Soccer Coach at William and Mary College. He speaks about how he got involved in soccer and his work at the Tidewater Soccer Camp as a coach. The file contains a transcript of the interview.","Mrs. Elston is the president of the Williamsburg chapter of the William and Mary Alumni Association. She speaks about the association, changes in Williamsburg since she was a student, her and her family's involvement in the community, and her relationship with the US Navy. The folder contains a summary and index of the interview.","Mr. Hamant is the former director of Evening and Special Programs at Colonial Williamsburg. He spoke about how he came to Williamsburg, his time as a Senior Archeologist for Colonial Williamsburg, and his development of popular ghost tours in Colonial Williamsburg. The folder contains a transcript of the interview.","Jane Hanson is the supervisor of the Governor's Musick Ensemble. She gives a comprehensive history of early music performance, the benefits and drawbacks of a resident ensemble, and the difficulties the ensemble face. The folder contains a summary of the interview.","Mayor Clyde Haulmand describes his previous involvement on the Board for the local chapter of Big Brothers Big Sisters. He also discusses how the city of Williamsburg addresses the problem of at-risk and disadvantaged youth. The folder contains a summary and index of the interview.","Sister Rose Morris is a teacher at Walsingham Academy, a Catholic school in Williamsburg. Mary Johnston was a student and teacher at Walsingham and at the time of the interview works as the vice principal of the lower school. Sister Rose speaks of the school's history and its religious diversity. Mary speaks about being a non-Catholic student and teacher at the school. Both speak about the schools relationship to the community. The folder contains an index and transcript of the inteview.","Mrs. Jowett is the Career and Technical Education Curriculum leader at Jamestown High. Mrs. Jowett speaks about her experiences with the supernatural at the high school as well as encounters at her home in Yorktown. The folder contains a summary and index of the interview.","Ms. King is the CEO at the Greater Virginia Peninsula branch of Big Brothers Big Sisters. Ms. King discusses the function and organization of this chapter as well as its fundraisers and events. This folder contains an index and transcript of the interview.","Judy Knudson is the executive director of Olde Towne Medical Center. She speaks about the growing number of retirees in the community, the growth of the medical field in Williamsburg, and the benefits of the Affordable Care Act (ACA). The folder contains a summary, index, and transcript of the interview.","Jake Lewitz is an senior at William and Mary College. He discusses his hometown of Marin, California and what it was like growing up there. He also discussed his busy schedule and many school activities. Jake Lewitz is interested in the Public Health sector. This folder contains an index and transcript of the interview.","Professor Marshall teaches at William and Mary and was member of the Governor's Musick ensemble. Prof. Marshall speaks of the benefits of playing in a small resident ensemble as well as the lack of support by the Colonial Williamsburg Foundation. The folder contains a summary and index of the interview.","Kalynn McLane is a student at William and Mary American Studies program. She speaks about her family, her love of William and Mary, her academics, and her summer study abroad in Cape Town. The folder contains an index and transcript of the interview.","Mr. Moss's speaks of his musical life prior to beginning to play withthe Governor's Musick ensemble, his musical travel, and teaching life. He also give a history of the music that would have been played in the colonial era in Williamsburg. In a follow up interview Mr. Moss discusses the role that the Governor's Musick has played within the living museum and the nature of their engagements while he has been a member. Mr. Moss also discussed the changing attitudes towards music in society todya and his uncertainty about the groups future. The folder contains summaries and indexes for both interviews.","Hannah Ostroff is a student at William and Mary. She speaks about her childhood and her decision to attend William and Mary as well as her time at the school. Ostroff speaks about her experiences with the William and Mary Choir and Sinfonicron. The folder contains an index and transcript of the interview.","Lance Pedigo speaks about his love of music growing up and how he now runs the Fife and Drum Corps in Williamsburg. The folder contains indices of the interview.","Mrs. Pedigo works in the Williamsburg-James City County public school system. She speaks about her time working at Matthew Whaley Elementary School and working in the media center at Rawls Byrd Elementary School. She discusses the changes to the city and the school system since she began working in Williamsburg in 1959. The folder contains a summary and index of the interview.","Mr. and Mrs. Perkins are both graduates of William and Mary and speak about their time as active participants in Greek life on campus. They discuss the changes to Williamsburg and William and Mary since their graduation as well as their current church life and as members of the Olde Guarde Council. The folder contains an index and transcript of the interview.","Mr. Carnifax is the Director of Parks and Recreation for James City County and Mr. Powell is the Assistant City Manager. They speak about athletics and local field use. They also speak about the Warhill Sports Complex, what it provides the community, and how youth athletics can economically benefit the community. This folder contains a summary of the interview.","Rachel Quinones is a student at William and Mary. She speaks about her childhood, religion, music, and her impending graduation. The folder contains an index and transcript of the interview.","Mr. Riley speaks about the Kimball theater and film in Williamsburg. The folder contains indices of the interview.","Mr. Scrofani speaks about the Williamsburg Indoor Sports Complex, how it was created and funded, and the impact the WISC has on the community. The folder contains a summary of the interview.","Willie Shaw is a student at William and Mary. He speaks about his childhood, his family, his passion for athletics, and his relationship with music. He also speaks about how he came to William and Mary and his plans for the future. The folder contains an index and transcript of the interview.","Lauren Stephenson is a student at William and Mary. She speaks about her childhood, growing up in suburban Chicago, her Jewish community, and her TV journalist experience. She also speaks about her experiences at William and Mary. The folder contains a transcript of the interview.","Lisa Thomas has been a Big Sister through the local chapter of Big Brothers Big Sisters since 1985. She discusses her role and responsiblities of a Big Sister and her personal experiences with her Little Sisters. In the follow up interview Lisa Thomas speaks about her experience at Eastern State Hospital, how her work for Child Development Resources (CDR) fits into the Williamsburg community assisting disabled children, at-risk children, and those that come from non-English speaking families, and how changing legislation and federal grant money alters the CDR's focus. The folder contains summaries and indices of the interviews.","Jacqueline Vasquez is a student at William and Mary. She discusses her childhood in Texas and her relationships with her family. She speaks about her middle and high school experiences such as participation in student government and sports. She also speaks about her decision to come to William and Mary and her involvement in Phi Beta Phi Sorority, the Club Lacross team, and her volunteer work at the Democratic National Convention in 2012. This folder contains a transcript of the interview.","Mr. Watson is the longest-working musician of the Governor's Musick Ensemble. He speaks about the historical musical performace practices and institutional knowledge. He discusses the transition in Colonial Williamsburg to historically accurate music practices, his own history with early music and the role of the Governor's Musick at the institution. The folder contains an index and transcript of the interview.","The four narrators are all William and Mary Alumni who reside in the Williamsburg Landing Retirement Community. The residents share stories from their time at William and Mary, speak about their love of the College, what has changed since they were students, why they decided to move to Williamsburg, why they remain involved in the College community, and why they think alumni retire to Williamsburg and other college towns. The folder contains a summary of the conversation as well as short biographies of the four narrators.","Lynn Wolfe works in administration at Child Development and speaks about the fundraising efforts of CDR as well as CDR's connection with insurance companies, public schools, and the community in general. She also speaks about her time at William and Mary and her reasons for living in Williamsburg. The folder contains a summary and index of the interview.","Timothy Wolfe work in the College of William and Mary Admissions Office. He previously worked at Walsingham Academy for two years in the early 2000s as their Director of College Counseling. He speaks about enjoying his time at Walsingham, his experiences as a non-Catholic staff member, and the perception of Walsingham in the community. The folder contains a summary and index of the interview.","Kris Yeager is a student at William and Mary. He speaks about his childhood and family as well as his gymnastics career as part of the Varsity gymnastics team at William and Mary. He discusses his struggles with gymnastics due to medical issues and his future as part of Teach for America in Las Vegas. The folder contains and index and transcript of the interview.","Folder contains brief biographies of the students taking part in the Williamsburg Documentary Project (WDP) in 2013.","WDP student Sarah Cate-Pizarro's final project on ghost lore and ghost tours in Williamsburg. The folder contains copy and description of a survey map of Williamsburg, several advertisements for various ghost tours, and a research paper.","The folder contains a research paper on responses to the Affordable Care Act (ACA) in Williamsburg and excerpts from the Virginia Gazette on national health care reform.","Folder contains a research paper on Big Brothers Big Sisters of Williamsburg.","The folder contains various articles, studies, and webpages about Big Brothers Big Sisters printed out as well as various documents from the organization.","The folder contains various program guides for Colonial Williamsburg, an article by Rohald Broude about music in Colonial Williamsburg in Early Music America, and a research paper about the Governor's Musick in Colonial Williamsburg.","The folder contains a research paper about Walsingham Academy.","The folder contains a research paper about youth athletics in Williamsburg","The folder contains a research paper about William and Mary alumni retiring in Williamsburg.","Folder contains a research paper on the evolution of the Williamsburg-James City County School System.","The folder contains a research paper about Child Developent Resources (CDR) in Williamsburg.","The folder contains a written description of student Rachel Quinones's map diary project which details a map of her day.","Folder contains several maps and a reflective essay.","Folder contains maps and relfective essay.","Folder contains maps and a reflective essay.","Folder contains maps and a reflective essay.","Folder contains a map and a reflective essay.","Folder contains maps and a reflective essay.","Folder contains maps and a reflective essay.","Folder contains maps and a reflective essay.","Folder contains a variety of research papers on various topics in Williamsburg such as the LGBTQ community, downtown Williamsburg, the WCWM-FM which is William and Mary's radio station, alternative education, agriculture, local food, the Catholic community, Gene Nichol who is the 26th president of the College of William and Mary, racism inx the mid-20th century, and Meridian Coffeehouse.","The folder contains maps and reflective essays.","Folder contains a research paper on the Temple Beth El and Jewish community of Williamsburg.","The folder contains a research report on Williamsburg 2009 3-person rule zoning ordinance.","The folder contains a research paper on the Kingsmill gated community and overall perceptions of gated communities in Williamsburg.","Folder contains a research on the Magruder community which was displaced when Camp Peary was established. Additionally, the folder contains copies of relevant photographs and reports.","Mr. Boelt's family has a long history in Williamsburg and as a history buff he has a great deal of knowledge of the Williamsburg area, especially surrounding William and Mary. He speaks about how Williamsburg has changed, specifically in relation to the three person zoning rule and the transition of his childhood home on Richmond Ave. becoming a rental. The folder contains an index and transcript of the interview.","Chris Connolly serves on the City Planning Commission fot the city government and the branch that enforces the three-person rule. The folder contains a summary and index of the interview.","Mrs. Fleck speaks about her history as a military wife before coming to Williamsburg and running the Applewood Bed and Breakfast. She also discussed being a newcomer to the hospitality industry, the relationship between the Bed and Breakfast Network and the local government, and the importance of an internet prescence and marketing. The folder contains a summary, index, and transcrip of the interview.","Mr. Goddin is a vocal opponent of the three-person zoning rule and advocated for an expansion to four people. He speaks about the tension at the time (late 2000s), his arrival in Williamsburg, his neighborhood through the years, his thoughts on current compromises to the rule, his position as a homeowner, and his perspectives on how to move forward balancing student and resident concerns. The folder contains a summary and index of the interview.","Bruce Larson is a civilian working for the Department of Defense (Navy) as the Senior Archaeologist and Cultural Resources Branch Head for Naval Facilities Engineering Command (NAVFAC). Mr. Larson speaks about his education, career, the value of interdisciplinary methodology when working with cultural resources, and the 1966 National Historic Preservation Act. The folder contains an index and transcript of the interview as well as a copy of Mr. Larson's curriculum vitae.","Mr. McGurk is a media correspondent for Kingsmill United. He speaks on how he came to Williamsburg, his experience as a Kingsmill resident, and the history of Kingsmill. The folder contains an index and transcript of the interview.","Tyler Morris currently lives at Fred Boelt's childhood home and sheds some light on how the property is used today and what the surrounding neighborhood is like. Tyler discusses her experience with the property, the neighborhood, the three-person rule, and Williamsburg in general. The folder contains a summary and index of the interview.","Amanda Morrow currently lives at CityGreen Apartments on Richmond Rd. and currently violates the three-person rule. She discusses her previous housing in Williamsburg, her reasons for moving off-campus, her current living situation, and the three-person rule more broadly. The folder contains an index and transcript of the interview.","Samuel Powell is a retired judge who discusess his work witht he Powhatan statue outside the courthouse and the Atlantic community concept that should be completed with two additional statues in the newr future. He speaks of the history of James City County courthouses as well as his involvement with Anheuser-Busch when he worked in private practice as a lawyer in Williamsburg, VA. The folder contains an index and transcript of the interview.","Caroline Raschbaum speaks about her experiences being born and growing up in a household with two opposing religions, finding a passion for Judaism at a young age, Judaism in Williamsburg, the concept of diaspora, and safe spaces for Jews in Williamsburg. The folder contains an index and transcript for the interview.","Folder contains maps and written reports.","The folder contains a research paper on hispanic communities in Williamsburg as well as an adult student registration form and a document from William and Mary written in Spanish.","The folder contains a research paper on the exstence of homelessness in relation to Williamsburg, Virginia's tourist economy.","The folder contains a research paper on protesters in Williamsburg as well as an NAACP brochure, copies of posters for Black Lives Matter, a message on a task force on Preventing Sexual Assult and Harrassment, a program for the Lemon Project Spring Symposium titled \"Ghosts of Slavery: The Afterlives of Racial Bondage\", and a CD.","The folder contains a research paper on bicycling in Williamsburg, a series of printed emails on bicycling in Williamsburg, a pamphlet for the ride cycling club at the YMCA, a series of printed letters requesting interviews, The Williamsburg, James City, and York regional bicycle facilities plan from 1997, printed slides from March 26, 2015 WATA Transit Riders Advisory Committee, amap of James City County, a pamphlet for BikeBeat, the Flying Wheel newsletter from April 2015, several more pamphlets on where to ride bikes in the area, and a syllabus for a class on bicycling basics from William and Mary.","The folder contains a research paper on public housing in Williamsburg, a copy of an application for admission to the public housing system, and a copy of a residential lease agreement that all tenants of the WRHA musst sign.","The folder contains a research paper on the influence of bus drivers on their students.","The folder contains a research paper on food security in Grove, Virginia.","Mr. Briggs speaks about growing up in Williamsburg, his medical diagnosis that left him unable to work, and his residence in public housing, specifically the Katherine Circle Apartments. The folder contains a summary and index of the interview.","Ms. Burton works for the Williamsburg Redevelopment and Housing Authority (WRHA) and speaks on the mission of the WRHA, the process of applying to public housing with the WRHA, how the lease works, and her feelings on the structure of the public housing system. The folder contains an index and transcript of the interview.","Lamar Gray is a 21-year old man who grew up and currently resides in Grove. He speaks on how he ate when he was a wrestler, how he eats now, how he eats healthy, and how he thinks about food. The folder contains an index of the interview.","Ms. Heard speaks about her childhood in \"White City\", her various professions, her relationship with Colonial Williamsburg, and her experiences as a union organizer and protestor. The folder contains an index and transcript of the interview.","Terry Jones is a resident of a public housing complex managed by the Williamsburg Redevelopment and Housing Authority (WRHA). They speak about their life history and experiences with housing. The folder contains an index and transcript of the interview.","Dorcas Juarez discusses her life in Williamsburg at church, at work, and about the challenges and discrimination that comes from speaking little English. She also speaks about her family, the Latino community, and her journey from El Salvador to Williamsburg. The interview is primarily in Spanish. The folder contains a summary and index of the interview, both in English.","Fred Liggin is a pastor at the Williamsburg Christian Church and the founder and president of 3E Restoration which uses mutual relationships to equip and empower homeless individuals to transition to self-sufficiency in everyday life. Mr. Liggin speaks about poverty and homelessness in Williamsburg, his hope for creating systemic change, and his belief that college students can/ have a powerful voice in changing the conversation surrounding homelessness. The folder contains an index and transcript of the interview.","Grace Martien discusses riding the Williamsburg James City County school bus from when she began middle school in 2006  through her senior year of high school. She mainly speaks about her interactions and relationships with bus drivers and the social stratification evident on the bus itself. The folder contains an index and transcript of the summary.","Reed Nester is the director of City Planning and discusses how he has changed bicycling in Williamsburg over the last 20 years, his daily commute to and from work, and his involvement with planning out bicycle paths and lanes in Williamsburg. The folder contains a summary, index, and transcript of the interview.","Robert and Sharon own a bike shop called Red Barn Bikes in New Kent County. They discuss their time biking in Williamsburg, their beilief that James City County is not working with bicyclists, their belief that Capital Trail is essential to growing the biking community, and the reasons they opened up their bicycle shop. The folder contains a summary and index of the interview.","Sam Smith speaks about Williamsburg's Office of Real Estate Assessment, the city's property values, and how those values are assigned. The folder contains an index and transcript of the interview.","Brenda Tejada discusses her life in Williamsburg at work, with systems like social services, and the overall difficulties she faces from being Latino. She talks about her family the Latino community, and her journey from El Salvador to Williamsburg. The interview is in both English and Spanish. The folder contains an index (in English) and a transcript (in a mix of English and Spanish) of the interview.","Rich Thompson discusses his time bicycling in Williamsburg, his involvement with cyclists at the College of William and Mary. He also speaks about his personal reasons for commuting to and from work via bicycle each day. The folder contains a summary and index of the interview.","Mary Turnbull is a bicyclist in Williamsburg and a founding member of the Williamsburg Area Bicyclists. Miss. Turnbull speaks about her experiences commuting between her home in York County and her job as a librarian at Lafayette High School and the importance of bike safety. The folder contains a summary and index of the interview.","Mrs. Little is a historian and daughter of Reverend Archibald F. Ward, Jr. who advocated on behalf of the displaced citizens of Magruder.","Corinne Garland spoke about her work at Williamsburg Preschool for Special Children, her experiences at Child Development Resources, and educational legislation concerning children with disabilities in public schools. This folder contains an index and transcript of the interview.","This interview was conducted by Andrew Cotman and was indexed by Marriya Schwarz with audio management by Nicholas DeAtley. The interview was later transcribed by Nicholas DeAtley, Marriya Schwarz, and Andrew Cotman. The interview took place during the afternoon of 3/15/18 in the third floor 311 classroom of the College of William and Mary American Studies building, located on 114 North Boundary Street Apt Williamsburg, VA 23185, using a Zoom H-1 Handy Voice Recorder. Overall the quality of the interview is very clear, however the volume of the interview was a little low. There was a little interference due to an AC unit turning on and off which may have obstructed slightly the clearness and volume of Ms. Bell's voice. Also, there was an interference early on in the interview because Ms. Bell's microphone detached from her jacket. During the interview, Barbara Bell discussed her experiences in various school systems, like Richmond Public Schools, Fairfax County Public Schools, Department of Defense Schools, and the Medina City School District, during her 35 years of teaching. She reflected on her experiences teaching students with varying socioeconomic statuses. Throughout the interview, she made references to the power of having diversity throughout the classroom, and the joy that she has gained from teaching. Towards the end of the interview, she discussed her work with homeless student populations and a program that she created, called Diversity-In-Actions that promotes knowledge of African-American culture. For clarity, the transcribers have eliminated ever \"um\" and \"uh\" from the transcription.","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team.","This interview was conducted by Andrew Cotman and was indexed by Marriya Schwarz with audio management by Nicholas DeAtley. The interview was later transcribed by Nicholas DeAtley, Marriya Schwarz, and Andrew Cotman. The interview took place during the afternoon of 3/15/18 in the third floor 311 classroom of the College of William and Mary American Studies building, located on 114 North Boundary Street Apt Williamsburg, VA 23185, using a Zoom H-1 Handy Voice Recorder. Overall the quality of the interview is very clear, however the volume of the interview was a little low. There was a little interference due to an AC unit turning on and off which may have obstructed slightly the clearness and volume of Ms. Bell's voice. Also, there was an interference early on in the interview because Ms. Bell's microphone detached from her jacket. During the interview, Barbara Bell discussed her experiences in various school systems, like Richmond Public Schools, Fairfax County Public Schools, Department of Defense Schools, and the Medina City School District, during her 35 years of teaching. She reflected on her experiences teaching students with varying socioeconomic statuses. Throughout the interview, she made references to the power of having diversity throughout the classroom, and the joy that she has gained from teaching. Towards the end of the interview, she discussed her work with homeless student populations and a program that she created, called Diversity-In-Actions that promotes knowledge of African-American culture. For clarity, the transcribers have eliminated ever \"um\" and \"uh\" from the transcription.","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team.","We interviewed Dr. Byrd-Poller on Tuesday, February 20th, 2018 in the upstairs classroom in the\ncollege apartments. Besides two brief distractions (one from a man hoping to print some papers\nand the other when we needed to get Dr. Byrd-Poller some water), the interview continued\nuninterrupted. We began by discussing her own experience growing up in the Williamsburg-\nJames City County school system and her children's experiences and how practices have\nchanged over time. We then began discussion of her twisting career path that eventually led her\nto her current position as Director of Human Resources at Thomas Nelson Community College.\nOne topic that was particularly relevant throughout the interview was the issue of diversity in her\nown schooling experience, her children's, and today as she plays a large role in hiring\nprospective staff.","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","We interviewed Dr. Byrd-Poller on Tuesday, February 20th, 2018 in the upstairs classroom in the\ncollege apartments. Besides two brief distractions (one from a man hoping to print some papers\nand the other when we needed to get Dr. Byrd-Poller some water), the interview continued\nuninterrupted. We began by discussing her own experience growing up in the Williamsburg-\nJames City County school system and her children's experiences and how practices have\nchanged over time. We then began discussion of her twisting career path that eventually led her\nto her current position as Director of Human Resources at Thomas Nelson Community College.\nOne topic that was particularly relevant throughout the interview was the issue of diversity in her\nown schooling experience, her children's, and today as she plays a large role in hiring\nprospective staff.","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","This interview was conducted by Shainir Bearfield and was indexed by Nicholas DeAtley with\naudio management done as well by Nicholas DeAtley. Nicholas DeAtley and Shainir Bearfield\nlater transcribed the interview together. The interview took place at 3:30 p.m. of March 23rd of\n2018, at the Land Tech Resources Inc. building located on 3925 Midlands road located in\nWilliamsburg, Virginia 23188 using a Zoom H-1 Handy Voice Recorder. Overall the quality of\nthe interview is very clear and all audio equipment worked extremely well. Interviewed was Lisa\nOwnby who serves as the Vice Chair of the Williainsburg James City County School board. She\nis also appointed as head of the special education advisory committee within the school board\nsystem. During the interview Lisa Ownby discusses how her relationship with her brother\nunfortunately suffering from numerous disabilities impacted her life choices and career path.\nThroughout the interview she discusses her early volunteering with Special Olympics eventually\nleading to her eventual work at Child Development Resources funded by the U.S. Department of\nEducation. Lisa Ownby in this interview offers her point of view on several facets of the\nWilliainsburg James City County Public school system. First and foremost she offers her\nperspective on funding of special education on a local, state and national level. This interview\nwas an excellent way to see how those working within the school board view the production of\nthe special education system and of what issues are taking place in the system in regards to\nfunding. Throughout this interview for clarity, the transcribers have eliminated \"um\" and \"uh\"\nfrom the transcription.","The content of this note came from the headnote created by the interview team. ","This interview was conducted by Shainir Bearfield and was indexed by Nicholas DeAtley with\naudio management done as well by Nicholas DeAtley. Nicholas DeAtley and Shainir Bearfield\nlater transcribed the interview together. The interview took place at 3:30 p.m. of March 23rd of\n2018, at the Land Tech Resources Inc. building located on 3925 Midlands road located in\nWilliamsburg, Virginia 23188 using a Zoom H-1 Handy Voice Recorder. Overall the quality of\nthe interview is very clear and all audio equipment worked extremely well. Interviewed was Lisa\nOwnby who serves as the Vice Chair of the Williainsburg James City County School board. She\nis also appointed as head of the special education advisory committee within the school board\nsystem. During the interview Lisa Ownby discusses how her relationship with her brother\nunfortunately suffering from numerous disabilities impacted her life choices and career path.\nThroughout the interview she discusses her early volunteering with Special Olympics eventually\nleading to her eventual work at Child Development Resources funded by the U.S. Department of\nEducation. Lisa Ownby in this interview offers her point of view on several facets of the\nWilliainsburg James City County Public school system. First and foremost she offers her\nperspective on funding of special education on a local, state and national level. This interview\nwas an excellent way to see how those working within the school board view the production of\nthe special education system and of what issues are taking place in the system in regards to\nfunding. Throughout this interview for clarity, the transcribers have eliminated \"um\" and \"uh\"\nfrom the transcription.","The content of this note came from the headnote created by the interview team. ","This interview was conducted by Shainir Bearfield and was indexed by Nicholas DeAtley with\naudio management done as well by Nicholas DeAtley. Nicholas DeAtley and Shainir Bearfield\nlater transcribed the interview together. The interview took place at 3:30 p.m. of March 23rd of\n2018, at the Land Tech Resources Inc. building located on 3925 Midlands road located in\nWilliamsburg, Virginia 23188 using a Zoom H-1 Handy Voice Recorder. Overall the quality of\nthe interview is very clear and all audio equipment worked extremely well. Interviewed was Lisa\nOwnby who serves as the Vice Chair of the Williainsburg James City County School board. She\nis also appointed as head of the special education advisory committee within the school board\nsystem. During the interview Lisa Ownby discusses how her relationship with her brother\nunfortunately suffering from numerous disabilities impacted her life choices and career path.\nThroughout the interview she discusses her early volunteering with Special Olympics eventually\nleading to her eventual work at Child Development Resources funded by the U.S. Department of\nEducation. Lisa Ownby in this interview offers her point of view on several facets of the\nWilliainsburg James City County Public school system. First and foremost she offers her\nperspective on funding of special education on a local, state and national level. This interview\nwas an excellent way to see how those working within the school board view the production of\nthe special education system and of what issues are taking place in the system in regards to\nfunding. Throughout this interview for clarity, the transcribers have eliminated \"um\" and \"uh\"\nfrom the transcription.","The content of this note came from the headnote created by the interview team. ","I interviewed Jennifer Albarracin at the William and Mary Barnes and Noble on Saturday, April\n7. We were originally meeting to interview Elias Martinez, a father of English Language\nLearning students in WJCC schools. However, by some miscommunication, even though he\narrived at the bookstore, we were never able to find each other. I'm guessing it was an issue with\nparking. After waiting an hour, I interviewed Jennifer. We discussed her own experience\ngrowing up in Fairfax, Virginia with the label of\"ESL\" and how it drove her towards academic\nsuccess because she wanted to leave behind the term \"ESL\" as an identifier. We also touched on\nher parents' interactions with the school system and how her relationship with her parents was\nstrained by communication barriers. Today, Jennifer is a William and Mary student, minoring in\nLatin American studies in order to learn more about her own roots. The background noise is\nrelatively loud throughout the interview, but the recording is still understandable. Although she\ndoes state her name as Jennifer Albarracin Moya in the recording, most of the time she goes by\nsolely her first last name, Albarracin, and so I decided to refer to her as Jennifer Albarracin after\nconsulting her preferences.","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","I interviewed Jennifer Albarracin at the William and Mary Barnes and Noble on Saturday, April\n7. We were originally meeting to interview Elias Martinez, a father of English Language\nLearning students in WJCC schools. However, by some miscommunication, even though he\narrived at the bookstore, we were never able to find each other. I'm guessing it was an issue with\nparking. After waiting an hour, I interviewed Jennifer. We discussed her own experience\ngrowing up in Fairfax, Virginia with the label of\"ESL\" and how it drove her towards academic\nsuccess because she wanted to leave behind the term \"ESL\" as an identifier. We also touched on\nher parents' interactions with the school system and how her relationship with her parents was\nstrained by communication barriers. Today, Jennifer is a William and Mary student, minoring in\nLatin American studies in order to learn more about her own roots. The background noise is\nrelatively loud throughout the interview, but the recording is still understandable. Although she\ndoes state her name as Jennifer Albarracin Moya in the recording, most of the time she goes by\nsolely her first last name, Albarracin, and so I decided to refer to her as Jennifer Albarracin after\nconsulting her preferences.","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","I interviewed Dr. Barko-Alva on Wednesday, March 21 in Swem library in a group study lounge\non the first floor (this gives reference for the occasional muffled voices in the background).\nEarlier in the day weren't sure if the interview was going to happen because it was snowy, but\nwe did end up completing the interview. We discussed Dr. Barko-Alava's educational\nbackground, beginning with her high school experience in Peru to finishing high school in the\nU.S. and going on to succeed at the University of Florida. She began teaching English her junior\nyear of college and once she graduated, she worked in the local public-school system. Dr. Barko-Alva\nwent back to UF to earn her Master's and Ph.D, and finally found herself at William and\nMary. We also discussed her involvement in educational activist work in Virginia and her\nexperiences 'in the Williamsburg-James City County school system. There were a few sections of\nthe narrative that were removed at the request of the narrator for various reasons including a\nconfidential conversation Dr. Barko-Alva is not at liberty to reveal. However, none of the deleted\nsections were crucial to the narrative being recounted.","The content of this note comes from the headnote created by the interview team. ","I interviewed Dr. Barko-Alva on Wednesday, March 21 in Swem library in a group study lounge\non the first floor (this gives reference for the occasional muffled voices in the background).\nEarlier in the day weren't sure if the interview was going to happen because it was snowy, but\nwe did end up completing the interview. We discussed Dr. Barko-Alava's educational\nbackground, beginning with her high school experience in Peru to finishing high school in the\nU.S. and going on to succeed at the University of Florida. She began teaching English her junior\nyear of college and once she graduated, she worked in the local public-school system. Dr. Barko-Alva\nwent back to UF to earn her Master's and Ph.D, and finally found herself at William and\nMary. We also discussed her involvement in educational activist work in Virginia and her\nexperiences 'in the Williamsburg-James City County school system. There were a few sections of\nthe narrative that were removed at the request of the narrator for various reasons including a\nconfidential conversation Dr. Barko-Alva is not at liberty to reveal. However, none of the deleted\nsections were crucial to the narrative being recounted.","The content of this note comes from the headnote created by the interview team. ","I interviewed Ms. Laura Carver on Tuesday, March 20 at her office in Hornsby Middle School.\nUnfortunately, a small portion of the oral history was lost because the voice recorder's memory\ncard filled up, and I did not notice it until after she was done responding to my question.\nHowever, the unrecorded section could not have been much longer than two or three minutes.\nMs. Carver is an English as a Second Language teacher in the WJCC school system and has been\nsince 2015, so we began the interview with a brief overview of her day-to-day interactions with\nEnglish Language Leaners and their parents. We also discussed her educational background and\nher experience working as a missionary and how both impact her interpretation of her role as an\nESL teacher. We ended the interview discussing the challenges of ESL education, specifically in\nthe local area, faced by the ELL students, their teachers, their families and guardians, and WJCC\nschool system .and a few possible ways to better address those challenges in the future. There\nwere three separate sections that were removed at the request of the Ms. Carver and they are\nnoted in the transcript. Nothing crucial to the slory line of her narrative was lost by these\ndeletions.","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","I interviewed Ms. Laura Carver on Tuesday, March 20 at her office in Hornsby Middle School.\nUnfortunately, a small portion of the oral history was lost because the voice recorder's memory\ncard filled up, and I did not notice it until after she was done responding to my question.\nHowever, the unrecorded section could not have been much longer than two or three minutes.\nMs. Carver is an English as a Second Language teacher in the WJCC school system and has been\nsince 2015, so we began the interview with a brief overview of her day-to-day interactions with\nEnglish Language Leaners and their parents. We also discussed her educational background and\nher experience working as a missionary and how both impact her interpretation of her role as an\nESL teacher. We ended the interview discussing the challenges of ESL education, specifically in\nthe local area, faced by the ELL students, their teachers, their families and guardians, and WJCC\nschool system .and a few possible ways to better address those challenges in the future. There\nwere three separate sections that were removed at the request of the Ms. Carver and they are\nnoted in the transcript. Nothing crucial to the slory line of her narrative was lost by these\ndeletions.","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","I interviewed Ms. Laura Carver on Tuesday, March 20 at her office in Hornsby Middle School.\nUnfortunately, a small portion of the oral history was lost because the voice recorder's memory\ncard filled up, and I did not notice it until after she was done responding to my question.\nHowever, the unrecorded section could not have been much longer than two or three minutes.\nMs. Carver is an English as a Second Language teacher in the WJCC school system and has been\nsince 2015, so we began the interview with a brief overview of her day-to-day interactions with\nEnglish Language Leaners and their parents. We also discussed her educational background and\nher experience working as a missionary and how both impact her interpretation of her role as an\nESL teacher. We ended the interview discussing the challenges of ESL education, specifically in\nthe local area, faced by the ELL students, their teachers, their families and guardians, and WJCC\nschool system .and a few possible ways to better address those challenges in the future. There\nwere three separate sections that were removed at the request of the Ms. Carver and they are\nnoted in the transcript. Nothing crucial to the slory line of her narrative was lost by these\ndeletions.","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","I sent these questions sent to Dr. Patricia Tilghman by email, which explains the odd formatting\nof this document. Her responses follow each bolded question. Dr. Tilghman gave me an\noverview of the ESL program in WJCC schools as well as information about her own\nbackground in ESL education. She also discussed a few of the largest challenges WJCC schools\nface in engaging parents of ESL students. Informed consent was received through email. I have\nprinted that out, along with a Deed of Gift.","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","This interview was conducted and later indexed by Marriya Schwarz. The interview took place \nduring the evening of 4.4.18 at the College of William \u0026 Mary's Swem Library in Group Study\nRoom 235, using a Zoom H-1 Handy Voice Recorder. Overall, the quality of the interview is\nfairly clear. There is some interference due to people talking and playing music loudly over in\nthe next room. During the interview, Alexis Brender A. Brandis discussed her experiences as an\nathlete. She has been involved with Track \u0026 Field, gymnastics, and Tae Kwon Do. She went on\nto discuss some of her experiences as a current member of the College of William \u0026 Mary's\nTrack \u0026 Field team. She reflected on her experiences with various Williamsburg-James City\nCounty Schools and discussed different experiences with teachers. Towards the end of the\ninterview, she discussed her relationship with her family, namely her unofficial \"adoptive\nbrother,\" Ramon, her experiences so far as a sophomore at the College of William \u0026 Mary, and\nher experiences with having a connection to both the Williamsburg community and the College.","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","This interview was conducted and later indexed by Marriya Schwarz. The interview took place \nduring the evening of 4.4.18 at the College of William \u0026 Mary's Swem Library in Group Study\nRoom 235, using a Zoom H-1 Handy Voice Recorder. Overall, the quality of the interview is\nfairly clear. There is some interference due to people talking and playing music loudly over in\nthe next room. During the interview, Alexis Brender A. Brandis discussed her experiences as an\nathlete. She has been involved with Track \u0026 Field, gymnastics, and Tae Kwon Do. She went on\nto discuss some of her experiences as a current member of the College of William \u0026 Mary's\nTrack \u0026 Field team. She reflected on her experiences with various Williamsburg-James City\nCounty Schools and discussed different experiences with teachers. Towards the end of the\ninterview, she discussed her relationship with her family, namely her unofficial \"adoptive\nbrother,\" Ramon, her experiences so far as a sophomore at the College of William \u0026 Mary, and\nher experiences with having a connection to both the Williamsburg community and the College.","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","This interview was conducted by Marriya Schwarz and indexed by Brenna Cowardin. The\ninterview was later transcribed by Marriya Schwarz. The interview took place during the evening\nof 4/12/18 in front of theater at the Williamsburg Regional Library on Scotland Street, using a\nZoom H-1 Handy Voice Recorder. Overall, the quality of the interview is fairly clear, but the\nvolume is somewhat low. There is some interference due to people filing in and out of the\nWilliamsburg Library, but the audio still can be heard. During the interview, Sylvia Shearin\nWillis discussed her experiences with education within Williamsburg-James City County\nSchools, primarily her experiences with Bruton Heights School and later James Blair High\nSchool after integration in 1966. She reflected on the differences between the two schools. She\nalso discussed her experiences with the different teaching at both schools and minority teaching.\nTowards the end of the interview, she also discussed her experiences with historically black\ncolleges, as well as the educational experiences of her two daughters. For clarity and as\nrequested by the narrator, the transcriber has eliminated every \"um,\" \"uh,\" and \"like\" from the\ntranscription.","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team.","This interview was conducted by Marriya Schwarz and indexed by Brenna Cowardin. The\ninterview was later transcribed by Marriya Schwarz. The interview took place during the evening\nof 4/12/18 in front of theater at the Williamsburg Regional Library on Scotland Street, using a\nZoom H-1 Handy Voice Recorder. Overall, the quality of the interview is fairly clear, but the\nvolume is somewhat low. There is some interference due to people filing in and out of the\nWilliamsburg Library, but the audio still can be heard. During the interview, Sylvia Shearin\nWillis discussed her experiences with education within Williamsburg-James City County\nSchools, primarily her experiences with Bruton Heights School and later James Blair High\nSchool after integration in 1966. She reflected on the differences between the two schools. She\nalso discussed her experiences with the different teaching at both schools and minority teaching.\nTowards the end of the interview, she also discussed her experiences with historically black\ncolleges, as well as the educational experiences of her two daughters. For clarity and as\nrequested by the narrator, the transcriber has eliminated every \"um,\" \"uh,\" and \"like\" from the\ntranscription.","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team.","I interviewed Shamir Bearfield at Swem Library, located rather centrally on the William and Mary campus, in group study room 118. This room is located on the quieter side of the first floor of Swem, and we were therefore able converse without interruption throughout the interview. The interview focused on Shamir's educational experiences growing up, particularly his movement from public to private school and the influence of football on his academic career. We also discussed his transition from a public middle school to a private high school and how that better prepared him for college at William and Mary.","The content of this note comes directly from the headnote created by the interview team. ","I interviewed Shamir Bearfield at Swem Library, located rather centrally on the William and Mary campus, in group study room 118. This room is located on the quieter side of the first floor of Swem, and we were therefore able converse without interruption throughout the interview. The interview focused on Shamir's educational experiences growing up, particularly his movement from public to private school and the influence of football on his academic career. We also discussed his transition from a public middle school to a private high school and how that better prepared him for college at William and Mary.","The content of this note comes directly from the headnote created by the interview team. ","I interviewed Shamir Bearfield at Swem Library, located rather centrally on the William and Mary campus, in group study room 118. This room is located on the quieter side of the first floor of Swem, and we were therefore able converse without interruption throughout the interview. The interview focused on Shamir's educational experiences growing up, particularly his movement from public to private school and the influence of football on his academic career. We also discussed his transition from a public middle school to a private high school and how that better prepared him for college at William and Mary.","The content of this note comes directly from the headnote created by the interview team. ","This interview was conducted by Marriya Schwarz with Nicholas DeAtley indexing during the interview. Marriya Schwarz later transcribed the entire interview. The interview took place in the afternoon of 2/6/18 in the College Apartments where the American Studies Department is located at the College of William \u0026 Mary in Williamsburg, VA. During the interview, Andrew Cotman discussed his experiences growing up in Henrico, Virginia. He described his experience with education starting from elementary school to now, where he is currently a senior at the College of William \u0026 Mary. For clarity, I have eliminated every \"um\" and \"uh.\"","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","This interview was conducted by Marriya Schwarz with Nicholas DeAtley indexing during the interview. Marriya Schwarz later transcribed the entire interview. The interview took place in the afternoon of 2/6/18 in the College Apartments where the American Studies Department is located at the College of William \u0026 Mary in Williamsburg, VA. During the interview, Andrew Cotman discussed his experiences growing up in Henrico, Virginia. He described his experience with education starting from elementary school to now, where he is currently a senior at the College of William \u0026 Mary. For clarity, I have eliminated every \"um\" and \"uh.\"","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","This interview was conducted by Marriya Schwarz with Nicholas DeAtley indexing during the interview. Marriya Schwarz later transcribed the entire interview. The interview took place in the afternoon of 2/6/18 in the College Apartments where the American Studies Department is located at the College of William \u0026 Mary in Williamsburg, VA. During the interview, Andrew Cotman discussed his experiences growing up in Henrico, Virginia. He described his experience with education starting from elementary school to now, where he is currently a senior at the College of William \u0026 Mary. For clarity, I have eliminated every \"um\" and \"uh.\"","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","The interview with Brenna Cowardin was recorded on a Tuesday afternoon in a group study room in Earl Greg Swem Library on the William \u0026 Mary Campus. Other than our voices, the room was quiet because the door was closed. The room was lined with windows in Brenna's line of sight, which showed students walking around study tables and talking. The only other person in the room was the indexer, Shamir Bearfield. Brenna has a passion education, especially for students who are learning English as a Second Language (ESL). Brenna talks about her interest in education as she reflects on her own experience in the Harrisonburg city public schools in Virginia. Although she has no current plans for entering the educational field, she hopes to use her acquisition of the Spanish language to bridge the gaps for these students and their families in the American public education system. ","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","The interview with Brenna Cowardin was recorded on a Tuesday afternoon in a group study room in Earl Greg Swem Library on the William \u0026 Mary Campus. Other than our voices, the room was quiet because the door was closed. The room was lined with windows in Brenna's line of sight, which showed students walking around study tables and talking. The only other person in the room was the indexer, Shamir Bearfield. Brenna has a passion education, especially for students who are learning English as a Second Language (ESL). Brenna talks about her interest in education as she reflects on her own experience in the Harrisonburg city public schools in Virginia. Although she has no current plans for entering the educational field, she hopes to use her acquisition of the Spanish language to bridge the gaps for these students and their families in the American public education system. ","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","The interview with Brenna Cowardin was recorded on a Tuesday afternoon in a group study room in Earl Greg Swem Library on the William \u0026 Mary Campus. Other than our voices, the room was quiet because the door was closed. The room was lined with windows in Brenna's line of sight, which showed students walking around study tables and talking. The only other person in the room was the indexer, Shamir Bearfield. Brenna has a passion education, especially for students who are learning English as a Second Language (ESL). Brenna talks about her interest in education as she reflects on her own experience in the Harrisonburg city public schools in Virginia. Although she has no current plans for entering the educational field, she hopes to use her acquisition of the Spanish language to bridge the gaps for these students and their families in the American public education system. ","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","I interviewed Nicholas DeAtley in a classroom on the third floor of the William and Mary College Apartments building. Nicholas provides a brief yet, enlightening account of his life history. Nicholas discusses a wonderful history of his upbringing from being born in Colombia and brought to the United States at a very young age, to his wonderful childhood with his adoptive family, and his aspirations to play sports in college. ","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","I interviewed Nicholas DeAtley in a classroom on the third floor of the William and Mary College Apartments building. Nicholas provides a brief yet, enlightening account of his life history. Nicholas discusses a wonderful history of his upbringing from being born in Colombia and brought to the United States at a very young age, to his wonderful childhood with his adoptive family, and his aspirations to play sports in college. ","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","I interviewed Ms. Marriya Schwarz in the third floor 311 classroom of the William and Mary American Studies academic building, located on 114 North Boundary St. Williamsburg, VA 23185. This was my first time interviewing with the Zoom H-1 Handy Voice Recorder. Overall the quality of the interview is very clear, however the volume of the interview was a little low. This was Marriya's first time being interviewed so she was a little nervous despite some nerves, overall the interview went very well and was very natural. Marriya discusses in the interview where she is from and her upbringing. Detailed are her experiences growing up in Herndon, Virginia with her sister as well as her transition to high school where she excelled in many extracurricular activities. As a high school senior she also detailed many of her experiences transitioning from high school to college and the nerve wrecking college decision process that many seniors go through so often. Throughout my transcript I have decided to remove the majority of non-verbal utterances such as \"uh\" and \"um\" because it does not represent by my opinion an important aspect of Marriya's speaking style. I also felt it hindered the fluidity of the transcript as it occurred throughout the interview quite often. Marriya is a very academically focused person, who has garnered some very highly regarded awards from her scholastic work. Her ultimate goal is to become a screenwriter and intends to follow that passion after she graduates from the College of William and Mary.","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","I interviewed Ms. Marriya Schwarz in the third floor 311 classroom of the William and Mary American Studies academic building, located on 114 North Boundary St. Williamsburg, VA 23185. This was my first time interviewing with the Zoom H-1 Handy Voice Recorder. Overall the quality of the interview is very clear, however the volume of the interview was a little low. This was Marriya's first time being interviewed so she was a little nervous despite some nerves, overall the interview went very well and was very natural. Marriya discusses in the interview where she is from and her upbringing. Detailed are her experiences growing up in Herndon, Virginia with her sister as well as her transition to high school where she excelled in many extracurricular activities. As a high school senior she also detailed many of her experiences transitioning from high school to college and the nerve wrecking college decision process that many seniors go through so often. Throughout my transcript I have decided to remove the majority of non-verbal utterances such as \"uh\" and \"um\" because it does not represent by my opinion an important aspect of Marriya's speaking style. I also felt it hindered the fluidity of the transcript as it occurred throughout the interview quite often. Marriya is a very academically focused person, who has garnered some very highly regarded awards from her scholastic work. Her ultimate goal is to become a screenwriter and intends to follow that passion after she graduates from the College of William and Mary.","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","I interviewed Ms. Marriya Schwarz in the third floor 311 classroom of the William and Mary American Studies academic building, located on 114 North Boundary St. Williamsburg, VA 23185. This was my first time interviewing with the Zoom H-1 Handy Voice Recorder. Overall the quality of the interview is very clear, however the volume of the interview was a little low. This was Marriya's first time being interviewed so she was a little nervous despite some nerves, overall the interview went very well and was very natural. Marriya discusses in the interview where she is from and her upbringing. Detailed are her experiences growing up in Herndon, Virginia with her sister as well as her transition to high school where she excelled in many extracurricular activities. As a high school senior she also detailed many of her experiences transitioning from high school to college and the nerve wrecking college decision process that many seniors go through so often. Throughout my transcript I have decided to remove the majority of non-verbal utterances such as \"uh\" and \"um\" because it does not represent by my opinion an important aspect of Marriya's speaking style. I also felt it hindered the fluidity of the transcript as it occurred throughout the interview quite often. Marriya is a very academically focused person, who has garnered some very highly regarded awards from her scholastic work. Her ultimate goal is to become a screenwriter and intends to follow that passion after she graduates from the College of William and Mary.","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","I interviewed Mr. Robert Braxton in the College Apartments, which is located on Boundary Street in Williamsburg, VA, in the office of the Williamsburg Documentary Project.  Mr. Braxton was very engaged with the topic and welcoming of any questions that we had for him.  He began his interview by drawing out a revised version of a map of the Triangle, which we drew a copy of.  Having grown up in the area surrounding the Triangle, Mr. Braxton had a valuable perspective on the area.  We covered topics regarding the businesses that were located on the Triangle, how the redevelopment project occurred, and the progress that Williamsburg is making today, in addition to Mr. Braxton's experience on City Council. ","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","I interviewed Steve Harris in College Apartments 5a, overlooking the businesses and traffic at the corner of Prince George Street and South Boundary Street. It was a nice day out and we were lucky that Mr. Harris, who was visiting from Michigan where he now spends much of his time, had lent of his limited time in Williamsburg to the WDP's research of the Triangle Block. The conversation spanned the pre-redevelopment, redevelopment, and post-redevelopment periods of the Triangle's history, starting from Mr. Harris's days at Marshall-Wythe Law School. Mr. Harris brought with him a series of printed-out aerial photographs of the Triangle which he refers to multiple times during the interview.","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","Samantha and I interviewed Mr. Parker in one of the conference rooms on the first floor of College Apartments. He brought along a large binder full of documents that he allowed us to make copies of later, so there are times throughout the recording and transcript that he pauses to look at his materials or pull out a piece for our use. We discovered him through his association with the Society of Friends of African American History, the group responsible for the monument at the Triangle, so a lot of our focus was on that. He also shared his personal feelings about redevelopment and other issues surrounding the history of African Americans in Williamsburg. Early in the interview, there is some confusion over where Mr. Parker was to sign on the informed consent form, so there are pauses as we examined the form.","The content of this note is taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","I, Kandace Kimber, and Francie Zidonis interviewed Tony Conyers in Adriene's office in the College Apartments. Unfortunately, the room wasn't sound proof and there were renovations being done in the hallway so there is some background noise that can be heard in recording. Conyers is a native to Williamsburg and has spent majority of his career in both local and federal government. During the interview we discuss his upbringing and adulthood in Williamsburg, his experience developing new initiatives for the citizens in the city, and what he envisions for Williamsburg and James City County in the future. ","The content of this note comes from the headnote created by the interview team. ","I interviewed former City Councilman Scott Foster in one of the offices on the second floor of the college apartments. It was a very comfortable and casual atmosphere and I believe Mr. Foster had no trouble expressing himself in that environment. Scott Foster was a former student at the College of William \u0026 Mary ('10) and the first student to be elected to the Williamsburg City Council serving from 2010-2018. He has now retired from the City Council and resides in Skipwith Farms with his wife, working at a local law firm. We spoke a lot about Foster's time at the college (as well as, the law school), affordability in Williamsburg, and his overall passion for the city.","The content of this note comes from the headnote created by the interview team. ","We interviewed Roy Gerardi and Tyrone Franklin in a small office in the Municipal Building, located at 401 Lafayette Street, on Friday, April 12. Mr. Gerardi could not stay for the duration of the interview, but before he was called out, he discussed his role in the Williamsburg Redevelopment and Housing Authority (WRHA), some of the programs available for low-income residents, and what he terms the \"five-fold reality\" of poverty. During his half of the interview, Mr. Franklin, the newly hired executive director for the WRHA, spoke about his experiences with affordable housing in his previous roles and his plans for Williamsburg moving forward.  ","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team.","I interviewed Albert and Liz Johnson in the living room of their home in the BrookHaven neighborhood, which is located off of Ironbound road in James City County. While both Al and Liz participated in the interview, only Al wore a microphone so many of Liz's contributions are quiet or difficult to hear. I have done my best to transcribe them accurately, but some of her comments were indistinguishable due to the distance. The Johnsons seemed happy to welcome us into their home and to speak with us about Brookhaven. They have participated in the Williamsburg Documentary Project in the past and are experienced interviewees among American Studies students. During the interview the Johnsons showed us plans for the neighborhood, documents from Al's restaurant career, and photographs of their restaurant. We discussed the history and milieu of Brookhaven and Al's role as a founder of the neighborhood and a local entrepreneur. ","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","I interviewed Mr. Small in a conference room in the Public Works and Utilities department of the Williamsburg Municipal Building, located off of Lafayette Street in Williamsburg, Virginia. Mr. Small is a Williamsburg native and the current city engineer. His father worked in city planning in Williamsburg and James City County as well, helping to develop neighborhoods like Newtown and Fords Colony. As someone who has lived here for almost his entire life, Mr. Small has developed an extensive interest in the history of the development of Williamsburg. Our interview covers a number of topics, including why Williamsburg and the surrounding areas began to expand and develop in the eighties and nineties, moving into the history of various neighborhoods and areas, and finishing with a better understanding about how various aspects of the environment affect the way the city is developed. Throughout the course of the interview, there are various references to Google Maps, which Mr. Small was showing us on a projector, and to a smaller map in the room of Williamsburg with the understanding that it looks like a turkey.","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","I interviewed Ms. Kandace Kimber in one of the Swem Library study rooms on the first floor (room 134C). The room was noticeably brighter than many of the surrounding rooms and areas and did somewhat disturb the individuals in the room. Kandace is a senior at the College and a Virginia native coming from Petersburg, VA. We spoke a lot about her living situation and went into great detail about her plans for the future. Kandace had a very relaxed demeanor and if she was nervous for the interview, one could not tell. A variety of topics were touched on during the interview concerning Kandace's personal life goals, about which she seemed very keen to talk about. ","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","I interviewed Ms. Resha in her office in the College Apartmnets, located on South Boundary Street in Williamsburg, VA. This is a practice interview for class, my second time every interviewing someone and my first time leading an interview on my own. Ms. Resha is 24 years old and a graduate student in the American Studies department, and the Teaching Assistant for our class. She studies Arab and Muslim representation in comic books. We discussed her research to some extent, but also focused a lot on her sense of what home has meant to her at varying points in her life. Ms. Resha considers herself to be \"from\" Florida, but has also lived in a number of places like Alabama, Charlottesville, VA, and Williamsburg.","The content of this note comes from the headnote created by the interview team. ","I interviewed Brenna Thanner in a Swem library study room (134c), adjacent to the computer lab. We were the first in our group to interview. The room we were in was a comfortable size but the fluorescent overhead lights were extremely bright and hot. In the interview, I primarily ask Brenna about her family home in Jacksonville, Florida and her experiences in Williamsburg.","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","I interviewed Francie Zidonis in College Apartments (114 N Boundary Street) room 224 the evening of Sunday, February 24th, 2019. By the time we had finished this interview, it was dark outside. The narrator, indexer, and myself had each already participated in two other practice interviews prior to conducting this interview. There is no remarkable outside noise; however, there are occasionally moments when laughter overwhelms the interview. We discussed Francie's hometown, Columbus, Ohio, and Williamsburg, often the College of William \u0026 Mary specifically, among other things.","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","This interview was conducted by Hallie Feinman and indexed by Austin Curtis. The interview took place on the morning of 2/8/21 via Zoom. Ava Coles discussed her childhood growing up in rural Virginia and the changes that came when her family moved to Charlottesville. She talks about her relationship with her family and siblings as well as her community at large.  Special interest is paid to the impacts of her education and upbringing and the impacts they have had on her life as an adult.","Description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","This interview was conducted by Austin Curtis and indexed by Ava Coles. The interview took place on the afternoon of April 14, 2021 over Zoom. Janet Cummings describes the ways in which she has adjusted the efforts of the Relief Society of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Williamsburg to strengthen bonds of sisterhood among Latter-day Saint women. ","Description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","This interview was conducted by Ava Coles and indexed by Hallie Feinman. The\ninterview took place on the morning of 2/8/21 via Zoom. Austin Curtis discussed his childhood\ngrowing up as the son of two diplomats. He talks about the various places he lived as well as his\nrelationship with his siblings and why he chose to attend William \u0026 Mary.","Description comes from the headnote created by the interview team. ","This interview was conducted by Jasmine Geonzon and was indexed by Maeve Quigley. The\nentire interview was not transcribed. The interview took place on the morning of 4/26/2021 over\nZoom. Ms. Davis discussed her experiences as a patron and employee of the Williamsburg\nRegional Library, the library's role in the Williamsburg community, and the WRL's response to\nthe COVID-19 pandemic.","Description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team.","This oral history was conducted by Austin Curtis who later indexed and used happyscribe.com to transcribe the interview. This interview occurred at noon on February 8th, 2021 in Ava Cole's Personal Zoom Meeting Room. Hallie Feinman talks about her childhood and dissociative disorder. A condition which as she describes it as feeling like \"watching someone else pantomime through life [like] you,\" (03:40). Hallie Feinmen also addresses how COVID quarantines have affected her mental health. ","Description taken from headnote created by the interview team.","This interview was conducted by Maeve Quigley and was indexed by Jasmine Geonzon. The\nentire interview was later transcribed using Otter.ai. The interview took place on the afternoon of\n4/12/2021 over Zoom. Ms. Fowler discussed her life and work history, her role as the director of\nthe Williamsburg Regional Library, the library's role in the Williamsburg community, and the\nWRL's response to the COVID-19 pandemic.","Description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team.","This interview was conducted by Amy Nadel and Johnette Weaver with Colleen Rodgers indexing. The interview took place virtually via Zoom video conferencing software in the afternoon of 4/30/21. All involved were sitting in their homes. Mrs. Weaver both helped interview her mother and served as another narrator by interjecting at times to provide helpful context to what Mrs. Gordon was saying. Mrs. Gordon discusses growing up in Magruder then moving to Highland Park, both Black neighborhoods. She shares her impressions of being a part of her Church community, going to segregated Bruton Heights School, being married to a Marine, and her desire to give her children as many educational opportunities as possible. Also, she shares her opinion of how Highland Park has changed over time and the impact of Covid 19 on her life.","Description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team.","This interview was conducted by Lauren White and indexed by Austin Curtis. The interview\ntook place on the morning of April 28, 2021 over Zoom. Tawanda Hammond describes the ways\nin which she started operating her own decorative cake shop at a young age and moved around\nlocations before ending up in Williamsburg. Hammond describes the ways her business was\nforced to adapt during the COVID-19 pandemic and the adversities that she faced. Hammond\nalso discusses the community of Williamsburg, and how it can improve on being more inclusive.","Description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team.","In this exercise, Jasmine Geonzon interviews Ron Littman with assistance from Sol Gallego-Garcia, who indexed the interview as it was taking place. The interview took place in the afternoon of 2/10/2021, as each Ron, Jasmine, and Sol were each in their respective homes, meeting over a recorded Zoom session. Here, Ron Littman discusses growing up in Williamsburg, having an unconventional school trajectory, and current college life. This transcription was created with the help of Otter.ai with necessary adjustments made for accuracy.","Description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","This interview was conducted by Lauren White and indexed by Ava Coles. The interview took\nplace on the afternoon of 2/25/21 over Zoom. Hatley Mason discussed his difficult decision to\nclose Mermaid Books, which he ran for over eleven years.","Description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","This interview of Amy Nadel was conducted by Colleen Rodgers and indexed by Maeve Quigley\non Sunday, February 7, 2021, at 3:40pm. The interview took place virtually due to the impact of\nthe COVID-19 pandemic and was done over Zoom, but Ms. Nadel was located in her room in an\noff-campus house. In the interview, Ms. Nadel discusses her experience of living abroad during\nthe onset of the pandemic in March of 2020.","Description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","This interview was conducted by Colleen Rodgers with Hallie Feinman indexing. The interview\ntook place virtually via Zoom at 5:00pm on Wednesday, May 5, 2021. In the interview, Macie\nOsborn, the mother of two sons currently enrolled in Williamsburg-James City County (WJCC)\nPublic Schools, discusses her experience with online learning during the Covid-19 pandemic.\nShe details the experiences of each of her sons, one in elementary school and one in middle\nschool, and expresses gratitude for WJCC's ability to adapt to an ever-changing pandemic-era\nworld.","This description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","I interviewed Maeve Quigley on Zoom. She was in her on-campus dorm room, while I was in\nmy off campus room. It was a cloudy, rainy day. Maeve seemed relaxed and ready to speak to us\nabout her experience moving to different places while growing up because she was smiling\nthroughout. She explained how living in three different regions within Virginia shaped her life.\nMaeve was 21 years old during the interview.","This description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","I interviewed Miss Rodgers over Zoom. Miss Rodgers was excited to describe how her family\nhistory shared interesting parallels with John Steinbeck's East of Eden . She gave some\nbackground on the book before delving into her own family's stories, including some funny\nstories passed down from her grandparents and older relatives.","The description is taken from the headnote created by the interview team.","This interview was conducted by Hallie Feinman with Colleen Rodgers indexing. This interview took place virtually over Zoom on Thursday, April 22nd, at 7 PM. The interview was roughly thirty minutes long. In the interview, local community college student Savannah Merriman talked about her time as a high school senior during the beginning of COVID-19 and her subsequent experiences with graduation, community college, and different communities in her life. Towards the latter half of the interview, Savannah spends time talking about her experiences with social media. ","Description taken from headnote created by interview team.","This interview was conducted by Lauren White and indexed by Michelle Lelièvre. The interview\ntook place on the afternoon of April 21, 2021 over Zoom. Michelle Lelièvre was in Richmond.\nLauren White was in Williamsburg. Monique Sowell (MS1) and Michelle Seiling (MS2) were in\nthe office of the Hound's Tale in Williamsburg. Sowell and Seiling discuss their relationship with\nAromas Cafe, how they reacted to the early stages of the pandemic, and the adversities they\nfaced. They also discuss the different programs they received financial aid from, as well as\nbusiness plans for the upcoming future.","This description is taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","I interviewed Bishop David Trichler over Zoom. Bishop Trichler about becoming Bishop of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS) in Williamsburg, how his congregation adjusted to COVID health protocols, and his own personal relationship with the Mormon faith.","The description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","This interview was conducted by Colleen Rodgers with Amy Nadel indexing. The interview took\nplace virtually via Zoom at 8:00pm on Tuesday, April 13, 2021. In the interview, Bruton High\nSchool senior Cate Westenberger discusses her life in Williamsburg. She describes her public\nschool experience prior to and during the Covid-19 pandemic, as well as her experience with\nextracurricular activities such as sports and her job at Wythe Candy in Colonial Williamsburg.","This description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team.","This interview was conducted by Ava Coles and indexed by Lauren White. The interview took place on the afternoon of 4/16/21 over Zoom. Becki Wildenburger discussed her engagement with House of Mercy as a Housing Navigator, personal motivations, and House of Mercy's relationship with the Williamsburg community. Ms. Wildenburger detailed the landscape of affordable housing in Williamsburg and discussed how her role has changed during the COVID-19 pandemic.","This interview was conducted by Ava Coles on April 19th, 2021 over Zoom. Ms. Wolosynowski discussed the origins of the Williamsburg House of Mercy and her experience as the founder and executive director. During COVID-19, she forged critical community coalitions to further the mission of her organization and served the Williamsburg community through impressive food and housing services. ","This description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","In this roundtable interview, Colonial Williamsburg Foundation employees Adam Canaday, Janice Canaday, and Paul Undra Jeter join the Director of Engagement at the Muscarelle Museum and visual artist Steve Prince and discuss the memorialization of African American history in Williamsburg, representation in the arts, local and national resistance to historical truth-telling, and visions for honoring African American ancestors. The Canadays discuss how being descendants of the first Black families of Williamsburg shaped both their careers as interpreters of African American history in CW. They also detail the legacy of Black labor in Williamsburg and express their frustrations with current obstacles to include African American representations in museums. Mr. Prince discusses his role as a visual artist, how he incorporates tragic histories within beautiful images, the power of visual representation, and how the lack of African American representation in public spaces harms the community. The narrators ask each other questions and relate their experiences throughout their discussion since this was the first time the CW employees met Steve Prince and the interviewers. The interview was conducted by undergraduate student Katherine 'Kate' Zabinski and indexed by her classmate Jamie Carkenord on April 20, 2022, at the Colonial Williamsburg Interpreters Office located at 427 Franklin Street in Williamsburg, VA. In the roundtable, Zabinski references the conversations she previously had with other community members who share local history with the roundtable participants. The roundtable interview was completed for an oral history research project in AMST 410: The Williamsburg Documentary Project, taught by Professor Michelle Lelièvre.","This description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","This interview was conducted by Jamie Carkenord and was indexed by Katherine Zabinski. The interview was transcribed. The interview took place on the morning of 1/28/2022 over Zoom. Ms. Clark discussed her life story moving across the country multiple times, what her childhood was like, and her college experience as an American Studies major.","This description is taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","In this interview, William and Mary student Jamie Carkenord discusses how and why she chose to pursue an undergraduate degree in American Studies and how the program has influenced her life. Carkenord describes how she chose American Studies because the interdisciplinary elements that allow her to study many topics and choose her own specialization of her interests. She explains how her mother also majored in American studies and how her mother's descriptions of history departments discouraged her from majoring in history. In American Studies, Carkenord found ease in both completing classes and scheduling new ones. Carkenord discusses how her major has increased her interest in Black American history and overall histories of minority groups in the United States, which have been the most rewarding features of her degree work. Carkenord's journey in American studies has changed the way she views social, political, legal, and economic factors of American society and she states that she continues to look for why historical events happen and who made them occur.","This description is taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","This interview was conducted and indexed by Teresa Clark. The interview took place on the afternoon of 04/22/2022 over Zoom. Ms. Cleveland discussed her journey as an artist in places like Chicago, Arizona, Williamsburg, and more. She discussed her artistic medium, the themes she draws on, and how her Williamsburg public art sculptures came to be. Ms. Cleveland also embeds her perspective on Williamsburg's public art scene in a story about coming back to the town herself and becoming a mother.","This description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","In this interview, Christopher Custalow (a citizen of the Oklahoma Cherokee Nation),\nKody Grant (a citizen of the Pueblo of Isleta and a descendant of the Eastern Band of Cherokee\nIndians), and Martin Saniga (a citizen of the Saponi Tribe out of Person County, North Carolina\nand Halifax County, Virginia) discuss their experiences working as American Indian interpreters\nin the tourism industry and the evolution of Indigenous representation in Colonial Williamsburg.\nThe narrators share information about their personal journeys with their cultural identities, the\ndifficulties and rewards about their career, and their hopes for the expansion of American Indian\nprogramming at Colonial Williamsburg.\nThis interview was conducted by Alison Walsh, and it was indexed by Alex Luck. The entire\ninterview was transcribed. The interview took place during the morning of 04/19/2022 on a\nZoom call.","This description was taken from a headnote created by the interview team. ","This interview was conducted, transcribed and indexed by Teresa Clark, The interview took place on the afternoon of 02/18/2022 at the city Municipal Buildings. Williamsburg Public Art Council members and Tourism Development specialist and WPAC staff liaison Joanna Skrabala discussed their role on the council, their view of public art, and the WPAC's work. ","This description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","In this interview, Rev. Dr. Julie Grace discusses how her involvement in the Historic First Baptist Church in Williamsburg, VA throughout her childhood led to her career as a minister and her dedication to preserving African American history. She details her family's history living in Williamsburg and working for the Colonial Williamsburg Foundation, her experiences going to segregated schools, and how many Black residents view the tourism districts differently with their ancestors' dispossessions in mind. Dr. Grace describes how her ancestors' 19th-century lives as successful Black business and landowners along Duke of Gloucester Street, like Alexander Dunlop, and the overall prosperity of the African American community in Williamsburg are neglected histories that need to be commemorated in the city's physical landscape. She also expresses her personal thoughts on memorialization of African American history in the Colonial Capital of Virginia. The interview was conducted by undergraduate student Katherine 'Kate' Zabinski and indexed by her classmate Karissa McDonald on April 25, 2022, using the Zoom video conferencing platform. In the interview, Zabinski references the roundtable discussion she previously conducted with other community members who share local history with Dr. Grace. The interview was completed for an oral history research project in AMST 410: the Williamsburg Documentary Project, taught by Professor Michelle Lelièvre.","This description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","This interview was conducted in-person at the Williamsburg Regional Library in\nWilliamsburg, Virginia during the afternoon of April 28th, 2022. This interview was conducted\nby Kirsten Knisely, and it was indexed by Alison Walsh. Robert Haas was the narrator. Mr. Haas\ndescribed his work as the Director of Program Services at the library. This job allows for him to\nplan and coordinate the live performing arts performances within the library theater. Mr. Haas\ndiscussed the history of performing arts at the library, the role of performing arts in\nWilliamsburg, funding and financial situation of the arts in Williamsburg, and his successes and\nfailures within his job. He also discusses the role of the college and tourism in the success of the\nlibrary. He also discusses the importance of increasing diversity. The interview was recorded\nusing a Zoom audio recording device. The interview was just under an hour.","This description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","In this interview, Williamsburg resident Neill Hollands describes his job as the president\nof the Board of Directors for the Williamsburg Players. Mr. Hollands has been working with the\nWilliamsburg Players for 10 years.. The Players are a non-profit community theater group that\nruns completely out of their theater on Hubbard Lane. The group typically puts on 12 shows a\nyear that are funded by donations, support from the city, and ticket sales. Hollands discusses the\nfinancial situation of the Players and how COVID-19 impacted in-person activities. The\ninterview continues on to discuss the community building aspect of community theater. He\ndescribes how the theater community is very well-loved among the older community within\nWilliamsburg. Hollands discusses the importance of diversity within the Performing arts world,\nand how the Williamsburg Players work to increase diversity, but ultimately sruggle. This\ninterview was completed as a part of Kirsten Knisely's research project on Performing arts in\nWilliamsburg, Virginia. Knisely conducted the interview in-person using zoom audio recording\ntools. The interview took place on April 24th, 2022 at the James-York Playhouse, where the\nWilliamsburg Players are based. This project is associated with the American Studies program,\nand will complete the AMST 410: Williamsburg Documentary Project, taught by Professor\nMichelle Lelievre.","This description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","In this interview, Kirsten Knisely her early childhood and high school years. She\ndescribes her family life and speaks about people she admires. Kirsten grew up in Arlington,\nVirginia and in the interview, she speaks on her high school experience and friendships. Kirsten\ndetails some core memories as well as fandoms she was involved in high school and her beliefs\nin the tooth fairy and Santa. The interview was completed for an assignment in AMST 410:\nWilliamsburg Documentary Project, taught by Professor Michelle Lelièvre.","This description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","This interview was conducted and indexed by Alison Walsh. The entire interview was\ntranscribed using Zoom Video Communications. The interview took place on the\nmorning of 1/30/2022 over Zoom. Ms. Luck describes her life history, including growing\nup in rural North Carolina, grappling with differing viewpoints from her family and\ncommunity, attending the College of William \u0026 Mary, her passions for dance and history,\nand significant influences on her life.","This description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team.","This interview was conducted by Alex Luck and was indexed by Alex Luck. The entire interview was transcribed using Word afterwards. The interview took place on the morning of 1/30/2022 over Zoom. Karissa McDonald discussed topics about different stages of her life, including International Schooling, her college experience, and her plans for graduation. ","This description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","In this interview, former Williamsburg resident Jessika Weaver Miller (daughter of\nWilliamsburg activist Johnette Gordon Weaver and granddaughter of Highland Park resident\nMyrtle Gordon) describes her professional experiences in the U.S. Navy and in insurance work\nand education in Australia. She speaks about joining the Navy after attending the U.S. Naval\nAcademy and starting a family with her Australian husband in Australia. There, she developed\nan interest in local Indigenous cultures and decided to pursue teaching professionally. Miller\ndescribes her decision to teach in the Torres Strait, a remote northern island region populated by\nIndigenous communities. She talks about the challenges of cross-cultural teaching and working\nin a remote school with limited technological resources and low literacy rates, and her effort to\nstart a Navy Cadet program in the area. She then shifts to discuss her own educational experience\nin Williamsburg, Virginia, particularly at Jamestown High School, a majority-white school. She\nspeaks to her involvement with the First Baptist Church in Williamsburg and her relationship\nwith churches in Australia. The interview concludes with a discussion of her two elementary\nschool-aged children and her educational and social goals for them. This interview was\nconducted by undergraduate W\u0026M senior Jamie Carkenord on April 29, 2022 using the Zoom\nvideo conferencing platform. Jessika Miller was Zooming in from Thursday Island, Australia, so\nher local time was 9:00am on April 30th. This interview was completed as part of Carkenord's\nresearch project in AMST 410: Williamsburg Documentary Project, taught by Professor\nMichelle Lelièvre.","This description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","This interview was conducted in-person by Teresa Clark and indexed by Katherine Zabinski at the Culture Fix building located at 410 Francis St. in Williamsburg, VA on the morning of 4/27/2022. Mrs. Wendy Miller discussed her experiences as a long-time resident of Williamsburg who captures local experiences as the director and photographer of Culture Fix.","This description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","This interview was conducted by and indexed by Karissa McDonald. The entire interview was later transcribed using Otter.ai. The interview took place on the afternoon of 4/12/2021 over Zoom. Mr. Russell discussed his life and work history, his experiences with ghost stories, and the famous ghost stories of Williamsburg. ","This description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","In this interview, Martin Saniga, who identifies as Saponi, Native, and American, discusses how growing up in Newport News, Virginia with his white mother and adoptive white father initially made him feel removed from his Saponi culture. He gradually reclaimed his culture by involving himself and making a difference within the Indigenous community of the greater Williamsburg area. On top of his career, he works with an Indigenous youth culture camp and is the president of a nonprofit language revitalization consortium. Mr. Saniga describes his career path: first joining the Coast Guard, later working as a site supervisor for Jamestown Settlement, and now working as an interpreter and head of the American Indian Initiative for Colonial Williamsburg. Mr. Saniga answers questions about the public reception of recent American Indian programming, museum ownership of Indigenous objects, the migration history of the Saponi people, William \u0026 Mary's complicated relationship with the local Indigenous community, and the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on his work. \nThe interview was conducted by undergraduate students Alex Luck and Alison Walsh on February 24th, 2022 using the Zoom video conferencing platform. The interview was indexed by undergraduate students Kirsten Knisely and Karissa McDonald. The interview was completed for the Guest Interview assignment in AMST 410: Williamsburg Documentary Project, taught by Professor Michelle Lelièvre.","\nThis description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","Within this interview on January 30th, 2022 at 10:15am, Kirsten Knisely interviews her peer Alison Walsh. After Alison approves consent to conduct the interview, Kirsten begins her questions. Throughout the interview, Kirsten asks Alison questions concerning her youth and growing up, particularly what she was interested in as a kid and throughout high school. Alison describes her passions for sports and extracurriculars. She also describes her family and their importance to her. Kirsten continues to ask Alison about her time at William and Mary, what she is involved in, and who she spends her time with. Alison talks about her participation in a multitude of extracurricular activities and talks about her closest friends in college. The interview then moves to discussing the future, where Alison describes her plans to be an environmental lawyer and potentially starting a family one day. At the end of the interview, Alison signs the deed of gift form. ","This description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","In this interview, Ms. Johnette Weaver discusses how her personal history and education in Williamsburg, VA shaped her work as an advocate for social justice. She describes her family's arrival in Virginia in the late 17th century, their dislocations, and eventual establishment in Highland Park. Ms. Weaver explains her complicated relationship with the Colonial Williamsburg Foundation alongside her pride in the work she has done as an interpreter there. She tells of her lifelong love of reading and of her choice to attend the historically Black college, Hampton University. Ms. Weaver discusses her social media manager position with Williamsburg Action, a social justice advocacy group that formed in 2020. The interview was conducted by undergraduate students Katherine Zabinski and Teresa Clark on February 15, 2022, using the Zoom video conferencing platform. In the interview, Clark and Zabinski reference the background knowledge they received about Johnette Weaver from assignments conducted in their undergraduate course AMST 410: Williamsburg Documentary Project, taught by Professor Michelle Lelièvre. Both the class assignment observations and interview were completed for an assignment in AMST 410.","This description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team.","In this interview, William and Mary student Katherine Zabinski describes her upbringing in a\nmilitary family, how it exposed her to other cultures and helped inform her passion for American\nhistory, and also describes her path to the college and the love of hip hop DJing she picked up\nhere. Zabinski narrates her family's moves from California to Washington State to Virginia,\nwhere she has lived since middle school. She explains that she does not consider uprooting\nmultiple times a downside, except that she finds it awkward trying to describe where she is from.\nOn the contrary, she describes how living in multiple places exposed her to more diverse\nAmerican cultures, growing familiar with Native and Chicano communities in California,\nIndigenous and Asian-American communities in Washington, and Black communities along with\nother diverse cultures in Virginia. She describes moving to Virginia and the South as a culture\nshock, but enjoyed the diverse geographies along with the diverse cultures: the California\ndeserts, Washington mountains, and Virginia cotton and cornfields. Zabinski describes the roots\nof her interest in history and the way attending predominantly Black middle and high schools\nand becoming friends with Black women inspired her to learn more about African-American\nhistory and American history that acknowledges white supremacy. She narrates how she came to\nbe interested in William \u0026 Mary. Initially having thought to join the military or attend\ncosmetology school, it was her teachers who encouraged her to take summer classes in the\nNIAHD program at the college, causing her to fall in love with the campus and with colonial to\nrevolutionary American history—with Richmond as one focus. Zabinski closes the interview by\ndescribing the extracurricular she has most enjoyed at William and Mary: the SOUL students of\nhip hop legacy club. She describes her involvement in the executive and social media branches\nof the club, and the DJing she had the opportunity to on a large and small scale during her time\nhere.","This description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","In this interview, American Studies and Gender, Sexuality and Women's Studies (GSWS)\nProfessor Leisa Meyer narrates their experience living in Williamsburg, Virginia, and the\nsurrounding areas as it pertains to the Queer community. Professor Meyer begins with detailing\ntheir life as a Professor at William and Mary, how much they care for their students and reform,\nand how they came to be a Professor and long-time resident of Williamsburg. They explain how\nthe surrounding areas of Williamsburg have a more lively Queer presence, and details some of\nthe history behind the notorious Gay/Lesbian bars in these more urbanized towns. Throughout\nthe interview, there are discussions of what qualifies as a Queer space, what Williamsburg and\nthe Queer community in the town can do to advance their presence in the Colonial city, and ends\nwith concluding remarks about Williamsburg as a whole.","This interview is conducted by Natalie Corsello and indexed by Emma Blackwood. The interview is transcribed by Abby Mendez (they/them). The interview took place in person in the Haven on April 16th at 11:00am. Liz Cascone discusses her background in terms of education and her journey leading up to their move to Williamsburg, as well as her thoughts on the difficulties of finding Queer community and spaces as a non-student, non-retiree in Williamsburg.","In this interview, Marcus Banks Jr. discusses his upbringing in the sports world and those who have positively influenced his journey as a basketball player. A native of the Williamsburg and Newport News areas, Banks begins by explaining who introduced him to the game of basketball and how he fell in love with it. He discusses his experience with basketball prior to college, transferring to different high schools, and the process by which he developed his skills on and off the court, as well as how he was able to overcome adversity. He speaks on what the game has meant to him throughout his life, the various coaches who have helped mold him into the young man he is today, and teammates he has had the pleasure of playing alongside. Finally, Marcus elaborates on the countless lessons, skills, and experiences that basketball has afforded him, and how these things can be applied to other areas of his life.","In the following oral history, John McGlennon, a Professor in Government at the College of\nWilliam \u0026 Mary and member of the Board of Supervisors of James City County, Virginia, discusses his\ninterest in politics as a youth, his education and activities at Fordham University and Johns Hopkins\nUniversity, and his participation in the Democratic Party in Williamsburg, Virginia. McGlennon explains\nhow his New York childhood and background as a first-generation college student sparked his initial\ninterest in politics, particularly in the Kennedy presidency. His increasing dissatisfaction with the Johnson\npresidency led McGlennon to become involved in the high school and college newspapers, which instilled\na belief in the consequence of journalism and academia as avenues for influencing politics. McGlennon\ndescribes his impressions of the First Congressional District of Virginia upon arriving in Williamsburg in\n1974, detailing his rise through the local Democratic Party from 1978 to 1981. Finally, he outlines his\n1982 strategy to campaign against then-State Senator Herb Bateman in the general election for the First\nCongressional District of Virginia, including how he solicited PAC funds, participated in\ncandidate-on-candidate debates, and the role of abortion in determining the final vote outcome.\nWilliamsburg Documentary Project student Caleb Fulford conducted the interview on April 2, 2024, at\n9:00 am with an Amcrest USB Microphone. Fulford and indexer Seth Novak reference the class\nassignment involving the interview in AMST 410: Williamsburg Documentary Project, taught by\nProfessor Michelle Lelièvre.","This interview was conducted by Natalie Lopez and was indexed by Abigail Swanberg. This interview was transcribed by Natalie Lopez. It took place on April 17, 2024 in Swem Room 168. Cecilia Weaver discusses her internship experience at Colonial National Historical Park, her other internships and jobs, and her time at William \u0026 Mary. Topics of this interview include interning, archaeology, Geographic Information System (GIS), public history, museum work, and interpretation.","In this interview, Sam Beavin discusses the culture of music in Williamsburg and how people participate in it. He begins with his background of growing up in Parkland, Florida, and what music is common to that area. He then speaks about his involvement in a student band, Halcyon Lane, and their interactions with other bands on campus. He mentions his influences and genre tastes, and how those compare to the music he plays for Halcyon Lane. He then goes on to describe the locations he has played at, such as the Meridian, the Amphitheater, Sadler Center, Merchants' Square, and on a float during the 2023 Homecoming Parade. He elaborates on the people who listen to him play and how they identify, specifically whether there are students or otherwise. Sam concludes that he is more connected to the William and Mary music community, though enjoys those connections and is content with them. The interview was conducted by undergraduate student Seth Novak on April 7th, 2024, using Zoom H8 Digital Recorders in Earl Gregg Swem Library for the American Studies department Williamsburg Documentary Project.","Maureen Anderson was interviewed was by Abigail Swanberg. The interview was indexed by Joey Houska and Anika Ahammad. The entire interview was transcribed. The interview took place on the afternoon of 4/12/2024 in person at 3312 N Riverside Drive Lanexa 23089. The interview contains topics including family, stating a business, creating and running a farmer's market, self-sufficiency, farming, living in a historic house, and COVID-19.","This interview was conducted by Abigail Swanberg and indexed by Caleb Fulford and Gabe Dorsey. The interview occurred on April 26th, 2024, at 1:00 pm in Swem Library Room 118. This interview was conducted as part of the Williamsburg Documentary Project. Joey Houska is a senior at the College of William \u0026 Mary. They started and currently lead the Toano Walking Tour Project. This interview contains topics including revitalization efforts, community, William \u0026 Mary, walking arts, leadership, Ohio, and advocacy work.","In this interview, Abigail Swanberg discusses a condensed \"life history\", beginning with her life and family in Appomattox, Virginia, and continuing on to other topics such as her interest in football and participation in the marching band. She describes her high school experience under Covid-19 and how it differed from her introduction to college. Finally, she ponders her life goals and ultimate aspirations. The interview was conducted by undergraduate student Seth Novak on January 28th, 2024 using the Zoom video conferencing platform. This interview was completed for an assignment in AMST 410: Williamsburg Documentary Project, taught by Professor Michelle Lelièvre.","In this interview, Caleb Fulford discusses his upbringing and how his parents' relative youth and complex relationship impacted him as a child, as well as his relationship with his younger sisters. He also discusses the impact of his friendship with his current roommate Georgia, who he has been friends with since middle school. He describes how his learning difficulties in school encouraged him to join the debate team and, later, pursue a legal career. He also speaks about how his family's religious differences impacted his ideas about politics. The interview was conducted by undergraduate student Natalie Lopez on January 30, 2024 using the Zoom video conferencing platform. This interview was completed for an assignment in AMST 410: Williamsburg Documentary Project, taught by Professor Michelle Lelièvre.","In this interview, Deja Williams discusses her upbringing and college experience. She describes where she is from, schools attended, the decision to come to William \u0026 Mary, and college extracurriculars, including improv comedy and the desire to play an intramural sport.","In this interview, Emma Blackwood discusses her upbringing in Richmond, VA and her experiences through private school preparing her for college. She describes how quarantine impacted her family, as well as her transition to William and Mary. Soon to be graduating, Emma Blackwood outlines her post-college plans for law school, especially in environmental justice advocacy. The interview was conducted by undergraduate student Anika Ahammad on January 29, 2024 using the Zoom video conferencing platform. The interview was completed for an assignment in AMST 410: Williamsburg Documentary Project, taught by Professor Michelle Lelièvre.","In the following interview, Gabe Dorsey discusses his early childhood and how his parents instilled an unwavering dedication to work, discipline, and spirituality. Gabe recalls deriving his name from the biblical archangel Gabriel, who declared to the Virgin Mary that she had been selected to bear the Son of God and served as a touchstone throughout his upbringing. He describes attending church every Sunday with his immediate family—his mother, father, two older brothers, and grandparents—and values the faith he observed between his parents as a marital unit. Gabe also reflects on how family, early education, and recreational athletics led him to pursue and compete in collegiate basketball at the College of William \u0026 Mary. He credits his father, a former college basketball player, with inspiring him and emphasizing the academic benefits of such a sport. I completed the interview for an assignment in the Williamsburg Documentary Project, taught by Professor Michelle Lelièvre.","This interview was conducted by Gabe Dorsey and was indexed by Caleb Fulford. The entire interview was transcribed. The interview took place on the evening of 1/30/2024 over Zoom. Ms. Lopez gives a brief background on her hometown, upbringing, family life, and her ambitions as a motivated William and Mary student. She gives insight regarding her experiences being a kid from the west coast studying on the east coast, a young girl growing up in a Mexican household and a young woman discovering more and more about herself as she travels and grows through life. \"In the words of Walt Whitman, 'we all contain multitudes'\".","In this interview, Seth Novak discusses his experiences moving around Arlington, Virginia. He also talks about his family and the pets that his family has owned over the years, mostly cats. He talks about his experience volunteering at the Heritage Humane Society. Seth Novak also mentioned how he ended up at William \u0026 Mary, his current thoughts on being a senior who is graduating early, and his post-graduation plans.","In this interview, Laura Gonzalez Castro discusses her personal and professional life, their interaction, and what her work means to her. She describes her youth in Havana, Cuba, and how her experiences were similar and different from other citizens. She also discusses her immigration to the United States and the efforts that went into finding work here, bringing her family members, and how she ended up in Virginia. Gonzalez Castro then goes on to talk about her professional life in the Center for Child and Family Services, and how terminology can have a large impact on the clients she takes in, especially those considered \"undocumented\". Interest is also paid to her education in Cuba, as well as personal life, such as travels across Europe and domestically. The interview was conducted by undergraduate students Abby Mendez and Seth Novak on March 5th, 2024, using DGI microphones.","This Williamsburg Documentary Project guest interview was conducted in the dining area in the basement of First Baptist Church in Williamsburg, Virginia. Molly Robinson conducted the interview and Michelle Lelièvre indexed. Students enrolled in the WDP also attended and interacted with Mrs. Montgomery during the interview. Prior to sitting down with us, Mrs. Montgomery gave the class a tour of the historic First Baptist Church. This enriching tour took up much of our class period, so Mrs. Montgomery scheduled a follow-up oral history that took place on April 4, 2024. In this first interview, she discusses growing up in Winter Park, Florida, attending Hungerford High School in Eatonville, FL, traveling and performing with musician Bill Doggett, raising her daughter during her career as a musician, getting married and moving to Williamsburg, starting credit unions in the town, and entering various leadership positions, including Chairperson of the History Ministry at First Baptist Church. The recording is punctuated with sounds of a phone ringing (@ 7:20 and 9:18). Mrs. Montgomery can also be heard speaking to other members of First Baptist who were in the church during the interview (@ 19:27, 36:19, and 49:10). Around 49:00, several students had to excuse themselves to attend another class.","This oral history was a follow-up to the oral history interview conducted with Mrs. Liz Montgomery by the Williamsburg Documentary Project on February 22, 2024. Both interviews were conducted by Molly Robinson, with questions developed by Molly Robinson and Michelle Lelièvre. Given the expansive nature of Mrs. Montgomery's first interview, the WDP invited her to conduct a second interview where we could explore in greater depth some of the many fascinating topics she introduced, including her experience as a jazz vocalist touring with Bill Doggett in the 1960's, her work to establish credit unions at Colonial Williamsburg and Busch Gardens, her work as a mother raising children in Williamsburg, and her leadership at the First Baptist Church. Mrs. Montgomery was very generous with her responses and shared details of her life that she had not previously disclosed publicly. She ended her interview by singing (unrehearsed!) a few bars from \"Sometimes I Feel Like a Motherless Child.\" The Williamsburg Documentary Project was honored to welcome Mrs. Montgomery and receive the gift of her stories.","In the following oral history, Meredith Poole, a Staff Archaeologist with the Colonial Williamsburg Foundation, discusses how discovering a fossil in her backyard at an early age sparked her passion for archaeology. She also cites numerous educators, from her elementary school teacher to a professor with whom Poole traveled to Belize for a semester abroad, as inspiratory figures in the initial development of her almost 39-year career. Poole explains how working on the 1985 excavation of the Shields Tavern site while completing her Master's Thesis for her MA in Anthropology from William \u0026 Mary helped to both ground her roots in the Williamsburg community and provide her with invaluable on-the-ground skills, such as appreciating the value of minute details and archeological storytelling, that would become central in her later work. She discusses her contributions to the 2022 excavation of the First Baptist Church Cite as among her proudest projects, describing the uncovering of such a personal history for the descendant community as a fulfilling process that exemplifies the value of archaeology. Poole also explains how she balanced her dual interests in fieldwork and obligations as a public-facing archaeologist with the Colonial Williamsburg Foundation, recalling as paramount her skills in creative writing and community development. She advises future archaeologists to focus on a specialized field of research that interests them and communicate the relevant knowledge in ways that the general public can understand and appreciate. Williamsburg Documentary Project students Caleb Fulford and Abigail Swanberg conducted the interview on February 20, 2024, at 2:00 pm with a Zoom H4N and DGI microphones provided by graduate student Molly Robinson. Fulford, Swanberg, and indexer Natalie Lopez reference the class assignment involving the interview in AMST 410: Williamsburg Documentary Project, taught by Professor Michelle Lelièvre.","This interview was conducted by Natalie Corsello and Emma Blackwood and was indexed by Anika Ahammad. The entire interview was transcribed. The interview took place on the afternoon of 2/13/2024 in person at Boswell Hall Room# 40 on 100 Ukrop Way, Williamsburg, VA. Tijuana Reeve discussed her journey to William \u0026 Mary, her advocacy in the Cape Henry Project, and also her personal experiences with pregnancy, stillbirth, and motherhood.","In this interview, Diane Langhorst discusses her experience of belonging and community as a student at the College of William and Mary in the class of 1968, detailing her life in chapters. She discusses the impact of being the middle child and the oldest daughter growing up in the church and transitioning to becoming a student. Further, she recalls the cultural changes of living in Williamsburg, as her parents didn't visit and there were no black students on campus,\nstating that the campus was isolated and segregated. She recounts how her religion fostered community, enabling a closer connection between her and her friends. She discusses how William and Mary felt insulated, how she felt little connection to the community outside of campus, and comments on the lack of news and political discussion. Diane cites the liberal arts education at the college as the inspiration for her study of sociology and subsequent career in social work. This interview was conducted by undergraduate students Caroline Cromwell and Leah Schrum and was indexed by Sarah Kinlaw. The interview took place in the Samuel E. Jones building on the William and Mary campus on the afternoon of 3/6/2025. This interview was conducted for research purposes by the Williamsburg Documentary Project, taught by\nMolly Robinson and Tijuana Reeve.","This description is taken from the headnote for the oral history. ","In this interview, Zach Meredith discusses how his experience as a student at William and Mary shaped his understanding of community and belonging. He discusses how he was drawn to W\u0026M for its intellectual community, and subsequently found his community through the American Studies department and the Williamsburg Documentary Project course. Further, Zach details how the WDP exposed him to new ways of approaching history through archive work and understanding of his positionality. He recounts how his research on the Triangle Block during the WDP developed into his senior thesis project, \"Urban Renewal in the Colonial Capital: Contextualizing the Williamsburg Redevelopment \u0026 Housing Authority\"(2019). Now teaching at the same high school in Durham, North Carolina that he attended as a student, Zach\nhopes to develop a Durham History elective, incorporating aspects from the WDP. This interview was conducted by undergraduate students Sarah Kinlaw and Leah Schrum and was indexed by Caroline Cromwell. The interview took place in the Samuel E. Jones building on the William and Mary campus and on Zoom on the afternoon of 3/4/2025. This interview was conducted for research purposes by the Williamsburg Documentary Project, taught by Molly Robinson and Tijuana Reeve.","Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.","Special Collections Research Center","American Studies Program","Economic Development","Blayton, James Blaine, Sr., (Dr.)","Casey, Carlton","Glosson, Sarah","Arthur Knight","Doyle, Margetta Hirsch (Margetta Hirsch Doyle)","Etheridge, Jeanne","Willard Gilley","George Greenia","Heacox, Thomas (Thomas Lee), 1943-2024","Lois Hornsby","Louise Lambert Kale","Langton, Helen","Ann Ward Little, Daughter of Archibald F. Ward, Jr.","McKnight, Joyce","Mendez, Jennifer Bickham","Nichol, Gene R., 1951-","Oxrieder, Julia W.","Frances Robb (Frances Robb)","Sternberg, Ethel (Ethel Sternberg)","Taylor, Rodney B. (Rodney B. Taylor)","Sullivan, Timothy J.","Sikk, Helis","Gift of Mary Geiger","Granger, Gil (Gilbert Lofton), 1935-2023","Zhang, Benny, 1994- (Benming)","English"],"unitid_tesim":["UA 351","/repositories/2/resources/9022"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Williamsburg Documentary Project"],"collection_title_tesim":["Williamsburg Documentary Project"],"collection_ssim":["Williamsburg Documentary Project"],"repository_ssm":["College of William and Mary"],"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"geogname_ssm":["Williamsburg (Va.)--History","Williamsburg (Va.)--Maps","Williamsburg (Va.)--Newspapers"],"geogname_ssim":["Williamsburg (Va.)--History","Williamsburg (Va.)--Maps","Williamsburg (Va.)--Newspapers"],"creator_ssm":["American Studies Program"],"creator_ssim":["American Studies Program"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["American Studies Program"],"creators_ssim":["American Studies Program"],"places_ssim":["Williamsburg (Va.)--History","Williamsburg (Va.)--Maps","Williamsburg (Va.)--Newspapers"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Acc. 2009.030 received 2/16/2009 from the Williamsburg Documentary Project via Jenna Simpson. Acquisition information for material received after 7/13/2009 is available by consulting a Special Collections Research Center staff member."],"access_subjects_ssim":["College of William and Mary--History--20th century","Colonial Williamsburg Foundation--History","Interviews","Williamsburg, Battle of, Williamsburg, Va., 1862","Clippings (information artifacts)","Photographs","Transcripts","Newsletters"],"access_subjects_ssm":["College of William and Mary--History--20th century","Colonial Williamsburg Foundation--History","Interviews","Williamsburg, Battle of, Williamsburg, Va., 1862","Clippings (information artifacts)","Photographs","Transcripts","Newsletters"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["9.45 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["9.45 Linear Feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Clippings (information artifacts)","Photographs","Transcripts","Newsletters"],"date_range_isim":[1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePortions of this collection may be restricted for privacy reasons. Consult a staff member for assistance. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBox 11 contains restricted material. Please consult a staff member for further assistance. This is a temporary series and will be deleted once it has been integrated with the existing collection. The series contains oral histories, final reports, and map diaries by students in the Williamsburg Documentary Project course at William and Mary. Box 9 is unrestricted.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSwem library use only\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMaterials are accessible to researchers at Swem Library only.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMaterials accessible to researchers at Swem Library only.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMaterial accessible to researchers in Swem Library only.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSwem library use only\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMaterial access restricted to researchers at Swem Library only.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSwem library use only\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDeed of Gift is missing.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInterview is restricted pending a removal of certain content from the transcript and digital file.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access:","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Portions of this collection may be restricted for privacy reasons. Consult a staff member for assistance. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","Box 11 contains restricted material. Please consult a staff member for further assistance. This is a temporary series and will be deleted once it has been integrated with the existing collection. The series contains oral histories, final reports, and map diaries by students in the Williamsburg Documentary Project course at William and Mary. Box 9 is unrestricted.","Swem library use only","Materials are accessible to researchers at Swem Library only.","Materials accessible to researchers at Swem Library only.","Material accessible to researchers in Swem Library only.","Swem library use only","Material access restricted to researchers at Swem Library only.","Swem library use only","Deed of Gift is missing.","Interview is restricted pending a removal of certain content from the transcript and digital file."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe American Studies Program offers students the opportunity to engage with the complex and diverse histories of cultural, racial, and national encounters that, like those of our local area, have come to shape the past and present of the United States, and the Americas. In a rigorous, yet flexible environment of intellectual inquiry, students develop the critical skills that allow them not only to pursue rewarding careers, but to serve as responsible citizens of the 21st Century.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Note:"],"bioghist_tesim":["The American Studies Program offers students the opportunity to engage with the complex and diverse histories of cultural, racial, and national encounters that, like those of our local area, have come to shape the past and present of the United States, and the Americas. In a rigorous, yet flexible environment of intellectual inquiry, students develop the critical skills that allow them not only to pursue rewarding careers, but to serve as responsible citizens of the 21st Century."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eVERY IMPORTANT: Anyone quoting from or making substantial use of the oral histories collected here should consider THE SOUND RECORDINGS THE DEFINITIVE SOURCE. Transcripts, indexes, and key words are only tools meant to help guide users to the sound recordings. Most of these interviews were done by WDP student-interviewers. Most interviews combine a life history format with some questioning specific to a student-interviewer's research interests. As part of their training, WDP students do some group interviews and also interview one another, and the collection also contains these recordings. Additionally, the collection gathers some recordings that were done by other groups—for example, local volunteers helping commemorate Williamsburg's 300th anniversary. All oral history interviews conducted by the WDP are done following the Oral History Association's principles and best practices guidelines. Each record in the digital archive contains: a) a sound recording of an interview (WAV format; some MP3 format); a few recordings have been edited to reflect restrictions; some recordings are available for use only on-site in Swem Library's Special Collections b) an image of the Deed of Gift relevant to the interview (PDF or TIFF format) c) a \"live index\" to the recording (PDF format); these indexes were made by assistants to the main interviewer during the interview and, using time code, give a rough guide to major topics covered in the interview. d) a \"headnote\" (PDF format); written by the main interviewer, headnotes give some basic information on the circumstances in which the interview took place and highlight some key topics covered in the interview. Many records also contain: e) an interview transcript, which incorporates the headnote described above (PDF format); prepared by the main interviewer, transcripts attempt to render the dialogue of the interview in a way that is quickly searchable. SCHOLARS WISHING TO QUOTE, SYNOPSIZE, OR REFERENCE A WDP ORAL HISTORY SHOULD ALWAYS CHECK THE TRANSCRIPT AGAINST THE INTERVIEW RECORDING. Some records may also contain: f) scans of documents or photographs (TIFF files) related to the interviewee or topics covered in the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDavis does not wanted monetary publications to use her interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAn edited version of this oral history is being made available to researchers at the request of the interviewee.\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","General","General"],"odd_tesim":["VERY IMPORTANT: Anyone quoting from or making substantial use of the oral histories collected here should consider THE SOUND RECORDINGS THE DEFINITIVE SOURCE. Transcripts, indexes, and key words are only tools meant to help guide users to the sound recordings. Most of these interviews were done by WDP student-interviewers. Most interviews combine a life history format with some questioning specific to a student-interviewer's research interests. As part of their training, WDP students do some group interviews and also interview one another, and the collection also contains these recordings. Additionally, the collection gathers some recordings that were done by other groups—for example, local volunteers helping commemorate Williamsburg's 300th anniversary. All oral history interviews conducted by the WDP are done following the Oral History Association's principles and best practices guidelines. Each record in the digital archive contains: a) a sound recording of an interview (WAV format; some MP3 format); a few recordings have been edited to reflect restrictions; some recordings are available for use only on-site in Swem Library's Special Collections b) an image of the Deed of Gift relevant to the interview (PDF or TIFF format) c) a \"live index\" to the recording (PDF format); these indexes were made by assistants to the main interviewer during the interview and, using time code, give a rough guide to major topics covered in the interview. d) a \"headnote\" (PDF format); written by the main interviewer, headnotes give some basic information on the circumstances in which the interview took place and highlight some key topics covered in the interview. Many records also contain: e) an interview transcript, which incorporates the headnote described above (PDF format); prepared by the main interviewer, transcripts attempt to render the dialogue of the interview in a way that is quickly searchable. SCHOLARS WISHING TO QUOTE, SYNOPSIZE, OR REFERENCE A WDP ORAL HISTORY SHOULD ALWAYS CHECK THE TRANSCRIPT AGAINST THE INTERVIEW RECORDING. Some records may also contain: f) scans of documents or photographs (TIFF files) related to the interviewee or topics covered in the interview.","Davis does not wanted monetary publications to use her interview.","An edited version of this oral history is being made available to researchers at the request of the interviewee."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWilliamsburg Documentary Project Collection, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Williamsburg Documentary Project Collection, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAcc. 2009.030 accessioned and minimally described by Amy C. Schindler, University Archivist, in 2/2009. Acc. 2010.311 accessioned and minimally described by Steven Bookman, University Archives Specialist, in 5/2010. All accessions were integrated and processed by David Ward, SCRC Graduate Apprentice, from October 2013-January 2014. Acc. 2015.148 accessioned and minimally described by Steven Bookman, University Archives Specialist, in June 2015.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information:"],"processinfo_tesim":["Acc. 2009.030 accessioned and minimally described by Amy C. Schindler, University Archivist, in 2/2009. Acc. 2010.311 accessioned and minimally described by Steven Bookman, University Archives Specialist, in 5/2010. All accessions were integrated and processed by David Ward, SCRC Graduate Apprentice, from October 2013-January 2014. Acc. 2015.148 accessioned and minimally described by Steven Bookman, University Archives Specialist, in June 2015."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDigital content documents from the Williamsburg Documentary Project, including some interviews, are available at William \u0026amp; Mary Libraries Digital Collections \u003cextref href=\"https://digital.libraries.wm.edu/williamsburg-documentary-project\" title=\"453\"\u003e\u003c/extref\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials:"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Digital content documents from the Williamsburg Documentary Project, including some interviews, are available at William \u0026 Mary Libraries Digital Collections  ."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is composed of material collected and created by the Williamsburg Documentary Project. The Williamsburg Documentary Project conducts oral history interviews and builds physical and digital archives, as well as other activities, through which it interprets the past of Williamsburg, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe collection includes publications, news clippings, interviews, and planning documents about Merchant's Square, New Town, food, immigration, as well as events related to Williamsburg history. Events documented in this collection include the removal of a cross from the chapel in the William \u0026amp; Mary Wren Building at the direction of College President Gene R. Nichol. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis sub-series contains oral history interviews from 1995-2012. Interviewees consist primarily of William \u0026amp; Mary students, William \u0026amp; Mary Faculty, and Williamsburg and James City County residents. Interviews have related oral history materials in the William \u0026amp; Mary digital archive. The suberies is arranged in alphabetical order by last name of interviewee.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFile contains deed of gift, detailed, time-stamped summary of interview, and written summary of oral history interview conducted by Graham DeZarn. Mr. Abbott speaks about his family history, the work his architectural firm does, and the importance of understanding the history of the area. He speaks about the progect at Polegreen Church in Hanover County, VA and the preservation of historic and agricultural land.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis sub- series contains oral history deeds, transcripts and notes from 1995-2012.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFinal papers for student projects consist of a variety of subjects on the community life and culture within Williamsburg and surrounding environs. Some of these topics have related oral history and digital materials in the William \u0026amp; Mary digital archive. This series contains student project map diaries from 2008-2012. Students track their locations and movements for a 24 hour period to construct a map diary of their day. There is no prescribed format for the map diary. The bulk of the series is arranged by project title.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePlease note that select student papers are restricted from viewing due to privacy. Please consult with a staff member for assistance. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series contains research materials on the following subjects: : Old Town/New Town, Food and Poverty in Williamsburg and Wren Cross controversy, Battle of Williamsburg Commemoration, J1 Work Visas, Retirement in Williamsburg and Development of Quarterpath Road. There are also oral history materials from the Grass Roots Theater (1998-1999). Old Town/New Town: Merchants Square material, Merchants Square Real Estate Operations, The NewTowner magazines, Next Door Neighbor magazine, and newspaper clippings for 2007. Food and Poverty in Williamsburg: USDA Brochures (2007), Statistics, Information, Advertisements (2010), SHIP (2010), Food Bank Study (2004), Community Health Report (2005) Wren Cross controversy: Emails, Websites and notes used in compiling final report. Battle of Williamsburg Commemoration: Notes J1 Work Visas: Briefings, Regulations, Court Case, and notes used in compiling final report. All from 2010. Retirement in Williamsburg: Reports and Brochures, Journal Articles, Tourism directory, and newspaper clippings.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWilliamsburg, Virginia, Traffic Lights, 35 x 21 cm, color Williamsburg, Virginia, Original City and Subsequent Annexation, 28 x 43cm, Color, ca 1984 Williamsburg, Virginia,, Williamsburg in the '20 and '30s, 21 x 28cm, Black \u0026amp; White James City County, 29.5 x 43cm, color, 2006 Williamsburg, Virginia, Comprehensive Plan, 42.5 x 54.5 cm, color, 2006 Williamsburg, Virginia, Zoning Districts, 1 of 3, 42.5 x 34 cm, color, February 13, 2003 Williamsburg, Virginia, Architectual Review Distircts, 42.5 x 34 cm, 2 of 3, color, March 9, 2006 Williamsburg, Virginia, Zoning Districts, 3 of 3, 42.5 x 34 cm, color, February 13, 2003 Williamsburg, Virginia, Zoning Map, 91 x 58 cm, black \u0026amp; white, July 1, 1966, 2 copies Williamsburg, Virginia, Zoning Map, 91 x 58 cm, black \u0026amp; white, August,1972, Res'C', March 26, 1981 Williamsburg, Virginia, Zoning Map, 91 x 58 cm, black \u0026amp; white, August,1972, ' March 23, 1987, 2 copies Williamsburg, Virginia, Zoning Map, 91 x 58 cm, black \u0026amp; white, August,1972, January 1, 1975, 2 copies Williamsburg, Virginia, Zoning Map, 91 x 58 cm, black \u0026amp; white, July 1964 Williamsburg, Virginia, Real Property Grid Index, 91 x 58 cm, color, July 13, 2004\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAl Albert is the a former soccer coach at William and Mary and is credited with founding the Tidewater Soccer camp. He speaks about his background and the founding of the camp. Folder contains a summary and index of the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDouglas Austin speaks about his time growing up in the Williamsburg James City County School System and his time at Bruton Heights, previously and African American only school. Folder contains and index and transcript of the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDr. Bernacki is a general practitioner who has been practicing in Williamsburg since the 1980s. Dr. Bernacki speaks about his past as a medical student at Georgetown, his time as a physician in the Air Force, the growth he has seen in the Williamsburg medical community, and his belief in the Affordable Care Act (ACA). Folder contains a summary and index of the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDr. Brown speaks about the past medical community of Williamsburg and his disagreement with the Affordable Care Act (ACA). Folder contains a summary and index of the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLauren Brown speaks about growing up in Williamsburg and the tourism industry. Folder contains an index of the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSarah Cate-Pizarro is a student at William and Mary and speaks about her life in Richmond, VA, he plans for the future, her travels, and her family. Folder contains an index and transcript of the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLinda Chemlow has been in Williamsburg since 1989 and speaks about her work in the medical field including her personal and professional attitudes towards the Affordable Care Act (ACA). Folder contains a summary and index of the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJohn Daly is the Head Women's Soccer Coach at William and Mary College. He speaks about how he got involved in soccer and his work at the Tidewater Soccer Camp as a coach. The file contains a transcript of the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMrs. Elston is the president of the Williamsburg chapter of the William and Mary Alumni Association. She speaks about the association, changes in Williamsburg since she was a student, her and her family's involvement in the community, and her relationship with the US Navy. The folder contains a summary and index of the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMr. Hamant is the former director of Evening and Special Programs at Colonial Williamsburg. He spoke about how he came to Williamsburg, his time as a Senior Archeologist for Colonial Williamsburg, and his development of popular ghost tours in Colonial Williamsburg. The folder contains a transcript of the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJane Hanson is the supervisor of the Governor's Musick Ensemble. She gives a comprehensive history of early music performance, the benefits and drawbacks of a resident ensemble, and the difficulties the ensemble face. The folder contains a summary of the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMayor Clyde Haulmand describes his previous involvement on the Board for the local chapter of Big Brothers Big Sisters. He also discusses how the city of Williamsburg addresses the problem of at-risk and disadvantaged youth. The folder contains a summary and index of the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSister Rose Morris is a teacher at Walsingham Academy, a Catholic school in Williamsburg. Mary Johnston was a student and teacher at Walsingham and at the time of the interview works as the vice principal of the lower school. Sister Rose speaks of the school's history and its religious diversity. Mary speaks about being a non-Catholic student and teacher at the school. Both speak about the schools relationship to the community. The folder contains an index and transcript of the inteview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMrs. Jowett is the Career and Technical Education Curriculum leader at Jamestown High. Mrs. Jowett speaks about her experiences with the supernatural at the high school as well as encounters at her home in Yorktown. The folder contains a summary and index of the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMs. King is the CEO at the Greater Virginia Peninsula branch of Big Brothers Big Sisters. Ms. King discusses the function and organization of this chapter as well as its fundraisers and events. This folder contains an index and transcript of the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJudy Knudson is the executive director of Olde Towne Medical Center. She speaks about the growing number of retirees in the community, the growth of the medical field in Williamsburg, and the benefits of the Affordable Care Act (ACA). The folder contains a summary, index, and transcript of the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJake Lewitz is an senior at William and Mary College. He discusses his hometown of Marin, California and what it was like growing up there. He also discussed his busy schedule and many school activities. Jake Lewitz is interested in the Public Health sector. This folder contains an index and transcript of the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProfessor Marshall teaches at William and Mary and was member of the Governor's Musick ensemble. Prof. Marshall speaks of the benefits of playing in a small resident ensemble as well as the lack of support by the Colonial Williamsburg Foundation. The folder contains a summary and index of the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eKalynn McLane is a student at William and Mary American Studies program. She speaks about her family, her love of William and Mary, her academics, and her summer study abroad in Cape Town. The folder contains an index and transcript of the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMr. Moss's speaks of his musical life prior to beginning to play withthe Governor's Musick ensemble, his musical travel, and teaching life. He also give a history of the music that would have been played in the colonial era in Williamsburg. In a follow up interview Mr. Moss discusses the role that the Governor's Musick has played within the living museum and the nature of their engagements while he has been a member. Mr. Moss also discussed the changing attitudes towards music in society todya and his uncertainty about the groups future. The folder contains summaries and indexes for both interviews.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHannah Ostroff is a student at William and Mary. She speaks about her childhood and her decision to attend William and Mary as well as her time at the school. Ostroff speaks about her experiences with the William and Mary Choir and Sinfonicron. The folder contains an index and transcript of the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLance Pedigo speaks about his love of music growing up and how he now runs the Fife and Drum Corps in Williamsburg. The folder contains indices of the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMrs. Pedigo works in the Williamsburg-James City County public school system. She speaks about her time working at Matthew Whaley Elementary School and working in the media center at Rawls Byrd Elementary School. She discusses the changes to the city and the school system since she began working in Williamsburg in 1959. The folder contains a summary and index of the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMr. and Mrs. Perkins are both graduates of William and Mary and speak about their time as active participants in Greek life on campus. They discuss the changes to Williamsburg and William and Mary since their graduation as well as their current church life and as members of the Olde Guarde Council. The folder contains an index and transcript of the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMr. Carnifax is the Director of Parks and Recreation for James City County and Mr. Powell is the Assistant City Manager. They speak about athletics and local field use. They also speak about the Warhill Sports Complex, what it provides the community, and how youth athletics can economically benefit the community. This folder contains a summary of the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRachel Quinones is a student at William and Mary. She speaks about her childhood, religion, music, and her impending graduation. The folder contains an index and transcript of the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMr. Riley speaks about the Kimball theater and film in Williamsburg. The folder contains indices of the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMr. Scrofani speaks about the Williamsburg Indoor Sports Complex, how it was created and funded, and the impact the WISC has on the community. The folder contains a summary of the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWillie Shaw is a student at William and Mary. He speaks about his childhood, his family, his passion for athletics, and his relationship with music. He also speaks about how he came to William and Mary and his plans for the future. The folder contains an index and transcript of the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLauren Stephenson is a student at William and Mary. She speaks about her childhood, growing up in suburban Chicago, her Jewish community, and her TV journalist experience. She also speaks about her experiences at William and Mary. The folder contains a transcript of the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLisa Thomas has been a Big Sister through the local chapter of Big Brothers Big Sisters since 1985. She discusses her role and responsiblities of a Big Sister and her personal experiences with her Little Sisters. In the follow up interview Lisa Thomas speaks about her experience at Eastern State Hospital, how her work for Child Development Resources (CDR) fits into the Williamsburg community assisting disabled children, at-risk children, and those that come from non-English speaking families, and how changing legislation and federal grant money alters the CDR's focus. The folder contains summaries and indices of the interviews.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJacqueline Vasquez is a student at William and Mary. She discusses her childhood in Texas and her relationships with her family. She speaks about her middle and high school experiences such as participation in student government and sports. She also speaks about her decision to come to William and Mary and her involvement in Phi Beta Phi Sorority, the Club Lacross team, and her volunteer work at the Democratic National Convention in 2012. This folder contains a transcript of the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMr. Watson is the longest-working musician of the Governor's Musick Ensemble. He speaks about the historical musical performace practices and institutional knowledge. He discusses the transition in Colonial Williamsburg to historically accurate music practices, his own history with early music and the role of the Governor's Musick at the institution. The folder contains an index and transcript of the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe four narrators are all William and Mary Alumni who reside in the Williamsburg Landing Retirement Community. The residents share stories from their time at William and Mary, speak about their love of the College, what has changed since they were students, why they decided to move to Williamsburg, why they remain involved in the College community, and why they think alumni retire to Williamsburg and other college towns. The folder contains a summary of the conversation as well as short biographies of the four narrators.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLynn Wolfe works in administration at Child Development and speaks about the fundraising efforts of CDR as well as CDR's connection with insurance companies, public schools, and the community in general. She also speaks about her time at William and Mary and her reasons for living in Williamsburg. The folder contains a summary and index of the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTimothy Wolfe work in the College of William and Mary Admissions Office. He previously worked at Walsingham Academy for two years in the early 2000s as their Director of College Counseling. He speaks about enjoying his time at Walsingham, his experiences as a non-Catholic staff member, and the perception of Walsingham in the community. The folder contains a summary and index of the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eKris Yeager is a student at William and Mary. He speaks about his childhood and family as well as his gymnastics career as part of the Varsity gymnastics team at William and Mary. He discusses his struggles with gymnastics due to medical issues and his future as part of Teach for America in Las Vegas. The folder contains and index and transcript of the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolder contains brief biographies of the students taking part in the Williamsburg Documentary Project (WDP) in 2013.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWDP student Sarah Cate-Pizarro's final project on ghost lore and ghost tours in Williamsburg. The folder contains copy and description of a survey map of Williamsburg, several advertisements for various ghost tours, and a research paper.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe folder contains a research paper on responses to the Affordable Care Act (ACA) in Williamsburg and excerpts from the Virginia Gazette on national health care reform.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolder contains a research paper on Big Brothers Big Sisters of Williamsburg.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe folder contains various articles, studies, and webpages about Big Brothers Big Sisters printed out as well as various documents from the organization.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe folder contains various program guides for Colonial Williamsburg, an article by Rohald Broude about music in Colonial Williamsburg in Early Music America, and a research paper about the Governor's Musick in Colonial Williamsburg.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe folder contains a research paper about Walsingham Academy.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe folder contains a research paper about youth athletics in Williamsburg\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe folder contains a research paper about William and Mary alumni retiring in Williamsburg.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolder contains a research paper on the evolution of the Williamsburg-James City County School System.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe folder contains a research paper about Child Developent Resources (CDR) in Williamsburg.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe folder contains a written description of student Rachel Quinones's map diary project which details a map of her day.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolder contains several maps and a reflective essay.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolder contains maps and relfective essay.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolder contains maps and a reflective essay.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolder contains maps and a reflective essay.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolder contains a map and a reflective essay.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolder contains maps and a reflective essay.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolder contains maps and a reflective essay.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolder contains maps and a reflective essay.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolder contains a variety of research papers on various topics in Williamsburg such as the LGBTQ community, downtown Williamsburg, the WCWM-FM which is William and Mary's radio station, alternative education, agriculture, local food, the Catholic community, Gene Nichol who is the 26th president of the College of William and Mary, racism inx the mid-20th century, and Meridian Coffeehouse.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe folder contains maps and reflective essays.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolder contains a research paper on the Temple Beth El and Jewish community of Williamsburg.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe folder contains a research report on Williamsburg 2009 3-person rule zoning ordinance.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe folder contains a research paper on the Kingsmill gated community and overall perceptions of gated communities in Williamsburg.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolder contains a research on the Magruder community which was displaced when Camp Peary was established. Additionally, the folder contains copies of relevant photographs and reports.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMr. Boelt's family has a long history in Williamsburg and as a history buff he has a great deal of knowledge of the Williamsburg area, especially surrounding William and Mary. He speaks about how Williamsburg has changed, specifically in relation to the three person zoning rule and the transition of his childhood home on Richmond Ave. becoming a rental. The folder contains an index and transcript of the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eChris Connolly serves on the City Planning Commission fot the city government and the branch that enforces the three-person rule. The folder contains a summary and index of the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMrs. Fleck speaks about her history as a military wife before coming to Williamsburg and running the Applewood Bed and Breakfast. She also discussed being a newcomer to the hospitality industry, the relationship between the Bed and Breakfast Network and the local government, and the importance of an internet prescence and marketing. The folder contains a summary, index, and transcrip of the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMr. Goddin is a vocal opponent of the three-person zoning rule and advocated for an expansion to four people. He speaks about the tension at the time (late 2000s), his arrival in Williamsburg, his neighborhood through the years, his thoughts on current compromises to the rule, his position as a homeowner, and his perspectives on how to move forward balancing student and resident concerns. The folder contains a summary and index of the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBruce Larson is a civilian working for the Department of Defense (Navy) as the Senior Archaeologist and Cultural Resources Branch Head for Naval Facilities Engineering Command (NAVFAC). Mr. Larson speaks about his education, career, the value of interdisciplinary methodology when working with cultural resources, and the 1966 National Historic Preservation Act. The folder contains an index and transcript of the interview as well as a copy of Mr. Larson's curriculum vitae.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMr. McGurk is a media correspondent for Kingsmill United. He speaks on how he came to Williamsburg, his experience as a Kingsmill resident, and the history of Kingsmill. The folder contains an index and transcript of the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTyler Morris currently lives at Fred Boelt's childhood home and sheds some light on how the property is used today and what the surrounding neighborhood is like. Tyler discusses her experience with the property, the neighborhood, the three-person rule, and Williamsburg in general. The folder contains a summary and index of the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAmanda Morrow currently lives at CityGreen Apartments on Richmond Rd. and currently violates the three-person rule. She discusses her previous housing in Williamsburg, her reasons for moving off-campus, her current living situation, and the three-person rule more broadly. The folder contains an index and transcript of the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSamuel Powell is a retired judge who discusess his work witht he Powhatan statue outside the courthouse and the Atlantic community concept that should be completed with two additional statues in the newr future. He speaks of the history of James City County courthouses as well as his involvement with Anheuser-Busch when he worked in private practice as a lawyer in Williamsburg, VA. The folder contains an index and transcript of the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCaroline Raschbaum speaks about her experiences being born and growing up in a household with two opposing religions, finding a passion for Judaism at a young age, Judaism in Williamsburg, the concept of diaspora, and safe spaces for Jews in Williamsburg. The folder contains an index and transcript for the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolder contains maps and written reports.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe folder contains a research paper on hispanic communities in Williamsburg as well as an adult student registration form and a document from William and Mary written in Spanish.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe folder contains a research paper on the exstence of homelessness in relation to Williamsburg, Virginia's tourist economy.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe folder contains a research paper on protesters in Williamsburg as well as an NAACP brochure, copies of posters for Black Lives Matter, a message on a task force on Preventing Sexual Assult and Harrassment, a program for the Lemon Project Spring Symposium titled \"Ghosts of Slavery: The Afterlives of Racial Bondage\", and a CD.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe folder contains a research paper on bicycling in Williamsburg, a series of printed emails on bicycling in Williamsburg, a pamphlet for the ride cycling club at the YMCA, a series of printed letters requesting interviews, The Williamsburg, James City, and York regional bicycle facilities plan from 1997, printed slides from March 26, 2015 WATA Transit Riders Advisory Committee, amap of James City County, a pamphlet for BikeBeat, the Flying Wheel newsletter from April 2015, several more pamphlets on where to ride bikes in the area, and a syllabus for a class on bicycling basics from William and Mary.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe folder contains a research paper on public housing in Williamsburg, a copy of an application for admission to the public housing system, and a copy of a residential lease agreement that all tenants of the WRHA musst sign.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe folder contains a research paper on the influence of bus drivers on their students.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe folder contains a research paper on food security in Grove, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMr. Briggs speaks about growing up in Williamsburg, his medical diagnosis that left him unable to work, and his residence in public housing, specifically the Katherine Circle Apartments. The folder contains a summary and index of the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMs. Burton works for the Williamsburg Redevelopment and Housing Authority (WRHA) and speaks on the mission of the WRHA, the process of applying to public housing with the WRHA, how the lease works, and her feelings on the structure of the public housing system. The folder contains an index and transcript of the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLamar Gray is a 21-year old man who grew up and currently resides in Grove. He speaks on how he ate when he was a wrestler, how he eats now, how he eats healthy, and how he thinks about food. The folder contains an index of the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMs. Heard speaks about her childhood in \"White City\", her various professions, her relationship with Colonial Williamsburg, and her experiences as a union organizer and protestor. The folder contains an index and transcript of the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTerry Jones is a resident of a public housing complex managed by the Williamsburg Redevelopment and Housing Authority (WRHA). They speak about their life history and experiences with housing. The folder contains an index and transcript of the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDorcas Juarez discusses her life in Williamsburg at church, at work, and about the challenges and discrimination that comes from speaking little English. She also speaks about her family, the Latino community, and her journey from El Salvador to Williamsburg. The interview is primarily in Spanish. The folder contains a summary and index of the interview, both in English.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFred Liggin is a pastor at the Williamsburg Christian Church and the founder and president of 3E Restoration which uses mutual relationships to equip and empower homeless individuals to transition to self-sufficiency in everyday life. Mr. Liggin speaks about poverty and homelessness in Williamsburg, his hope for creating systemic change, and his belief that college students can/ have a powerful voice in changing the conversation surrounding homelessness. The folder contains an index and transcript of the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGrace Martien discusses riding the Williamsburg James City County school bus from when she began middle school in 2006  through her senior year of high school. She mainly speaks about her interactions and relationships with bus drivers and the social stratification evident on the bus itself. The folder contains an index and transcript of the summary.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReed Nester is the director of City Planning and discusses how he has changed bicycling in Williamsburg over the last 20 years, his daily commute to and from work, and his involvement with planning out bicycle paths and lanes in Williamsburg. The folder contains a summary, index, and transcript of the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRobert and Sharon own a bike shop called Red Barn Bikes in New Kent County. They discuss their time biking in Williamsburg, their beilief that James City County is not working with bicyclists, their belief that Capital Trail is essential to growing the biking community, and the reasons they opened up their bicycle shop. The folder contains a summary and index of the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSam Smith speaks about Williamsburg's Office of Real Estate Assessment, the city's property values, and how those values are assigned. The folder contains an index and transcript of the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBrenda Tejada discusses her life in Williamsburg at work, with systems like social services, and the overall difficulties she faces from being Latino. She talks about her family the Latino community, and her journey from El Salvador to Williamsburg. The interview is in both English and Spanish. The folder contains an index (in English) and a transcript (in a mix of English and Spanish) of the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRich Thompson discusses his time bicycling in Williamsburg, his involvement with cyclists at the College of William and Mary. He also speaks about his personal reasons for commuting to and from work via bicycle each day. The folder contains a summary and index of the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMary Turnbull is a bicyclist in Williamsburg and a founding member of the Williamsburg Area Bicyclists. Miss. Turnbull speaks about her experiences commuting between her home in York County and her job as a librarian at Lafayette High School and the importance of bike safety. The folder contains a summary and index of the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMrs. Little is a historian and daughter of Reverend Archibald F. Ward, Jr. who advocated on behalf of the displaced citizens of Magruder.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorinne Garland spoke about her work at Williamsburg Preschool for Special Children, her experiences at Child Development Resources, and educational legislation concerning children with disabilities in public schools. This folder contains an index and transcript of the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview was conducted by Andrew Cotman and was indexed by Marriya Schwarz with audio management by Nicholas DeAtley. The interview was later transcribed by Nicholas DeAtley, Marriya Schwarz, and Andrew Cotman. The interview took place during the afternoon of 3/15/18 in the third floor 311 classroom of the College of William and Mary American Studies building, located on 114 North Boundary Street Apt Williamsburg, VA 23185, using a Zoom H-1 Handy Voice Recorder. Overall the quality of the interview is very clear, however the volume of the interview was a little low. There was a little interference due to an AC unit turning on and off which may have obstructed slightly the clearness and volume of Ms. Bell's voice. Also, there was an interference early on in the interview because Ms. Bell's microphone detached from her jacket. During the interview, Barbara Bell discussed her experiences in various school systems, like Richmond Public Schools, Fairfax County Public Schools, Department of Defense Schools, and the Medina City School District, during her 35 years of teaching. She reflected on her experiences teaching students with varying socioeconomic statuses. Throughout the interview, she made references to the power of having diversity throughout the classroom, and the joy that she has gained from teaching. Towards the end of the interview, she discussed her work with homeless student populations and a program that she created, called Diversity-In-Actions that promotes knowledge of African-American culture. For clarity, the transcribers have eliminated ever \"um\" and \"uh\" from the transcription.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview was conducted by Andrew Cotman and was indexed by Marriya Schwarz with audio management by Nicholas DeAtley. The interview was later transcribed by Nicholas DeAtley, Marriya Schwarz, and Andrew Cotman. The interview took place during the afternoon of 3/15/18 in the third floor 311 classroom of the College of William and Mary American Studies building, located on 114 North Boundary Street Apt Williamsburg, VA 23185, using a Zoom H-1 Handy Voice Recorder. Overall the quality of the interview is very clear, however the volume of the interview was a little low. There was a little interference due to an AC unit turning on and off which may have obstructed slightly the clearness and volume of Ms. Bell's voice. Also, there was an interference early on in the interview because Ms. Bell's microphone detached from her jacket. During the interview, Barbara Bell discussed her experiences in various school systems, like Richmond Public Schools, Fairfax County Public Schools, Department of Defense Schools, and the Medina City School District, during her 35 years of teaching. She reflected on her experiences teaching students with varying socioeconomic statuses. Throughout the interview, she made references to the power of having diversity throughout the classroom, and the joy that she has gained from teaching. Towards the end of the interview, she discussed her work with homeless student populations and a program that she created, called Diversity-In-Actions that promotes knowledge of African-American culture. For clarity, the transcribers have eliminated ever \"um\" and \"uh\" from the transcription.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWe interviewed Dr. Byrd-Poller on Tuesday, February 20th, 2018 in the upstairs classroom in the\ncollege apartments. Besides two brief distractions (one from a man hoping to print some papers\nand the other when we needed to get Dr. Byrd-Poller some water), the interview continued\nuninterrupted. We began by discussing her own experience growing up in the Williamsburg-\nJames City County school system and her children's experiences and how practices have\nchanged over time. We then began discussion of her twisting career path that eventually led her\nto her current position as Director of Human Resources at Thomas Nelson Community College.\nOne topic that was particularly relevant throughout the interview was the issue of diversity in her\nown schooling experience, her children's, and today as she plays a large role in hiring\nprospective staff.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWe interviewed Dr. Byrd-Poller on Tuesday, February 20th, 2018 in the upstairs classroom in the\ncollege apartments. Besides two brief distractions (one from a man hoping to print some papers\nand the other when we needed to get Dr. Byrd-Poller some water), the interview continued\nuninterrupted. We began by discussing her own experience growing up in the Williamsburg-\nJames City County school system and her children's experiences and how practices have\nchanged over time. We then began discussion of her twisting career path that eventually led her\nto her current position as Director of Human Resources at Thomas Nelson Community College.\nOne topic that was particularly relevant throughout the interview was the issue of diversity in her\nown schooling experience, her children's, and today as she plays a large role in hiring\nprospective staff.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview was conducted by Shainir Bearfield and was indexed by Nicholas DeAtley with\naudio management done as well by Nicholas DeAtley. Nicholas DeAtley and Shainir Bearfield\nlater transcribed the interview together. The interview took place at 3:30 p.m. of March 23rd of\n2018, at the Land Tech Resources Inc. building located on 3925 Midlands road located in\nWilliamsburg, Virginia 23188 using a Zoom H-1 Handy Voice Recorder. Overall the quality of\nthe interview is very clear and all audio equipment worked extremely well. Interviewed was Lisa\nOwnby who serves as the Vice Chair of the Williainsburg James City County School board. She\nis also appointed as head of the special education advisory committee within the school board\nsystem. During the interview Lisa Ownby discusses how her relationship with her brother\nunfortunately suffering from numerous disabilities impacted her life choices and career path.\nThroughout the interview she discusses her early volunteering with Special Olympics eventually\nleading to her eventual work at Child Development Resources funded by the U.S. Department of\nEducation. Lisa Ownby in this interview offers her point of view on several facets of the\nWilliainsburg James City County Public school system. First and foremost she offers her\nperspective on funding of special education on a local, state and national level. This interview\nwas an excellent way to see how those working within the school board view the production of\nthe special education system and of what issues are taking place in the system in regards to\nfunding. Throughout this interview for clarity, the transcribers have eliminated \"um\" and \"uh\"\nfrom the transcription.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe content of this note came from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview was conducted by Shainir Bearfield and was indexed by Nicholas DeAtley with\naudio management done as well by Nicholas DeAtley. Nicholas DeAtley and Shainir Bearfield\nlater transcribed the interview together. The interview took place at 3:30 p.m. of March 23rd of\n2018, at the Land Tech Resources Inc. building located on 3925 Midlands road located in\nWilliamsburg, Virginia 23188 using a Zoom H-1 Handy Voice Recorder. Overall the quality of\nthe interview is very clear and all audio equipment worked extremely well. Interviewed was Lisa\nOwnby who serves as the Vice Chair of the Williainsburg James City County School board. She\nis also appointed as head of the special education advisory committee within the school board\nsystem. During the interview Lisa Ownby discusses how her relationship with her brother\nunfortunately suffering from numerous disabilities impacted her life choices and career path.\nThroughout the interview she discusses her early volunteering with Special Olympics eventually\nleading to her eventual work at Child Development Resources funded by the U.S. Department of\nEducation. Lisa Ownby in this interview offers her point of view on several facets of the\nWilliainsburg James City County Public school system. First and foremost she offers her\nperspective on funding of special education on a local, state and national level. This interview\nwas an excellent way to see how those working within the school board view the production of\nthe special education system and of what issues are taking place in the system in regards to\nfunding. Throughout this interview for clarity, the transcribers have eliminated \"um\" and \"uh\"\nfrom the transcription.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe content of this note came from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview was conducted by Shainir Bearfield and was indexed by Nicholas DeAtley with\naudio management done as well by Nicholas DeAtley. Nicholas DeAtley and Shainir Bearfield\nlater transcribed the interview together. The interview took place at 3:30 p.m. of March 23rd of\n2018, at the Land Tech Resources Inc. building located on 3925 Midlands road located in\nWilliamsburg, Virginia 23188 using a Zoom H-1 Handy Voice Recorder. Overall the quality of\nthe interview is very clear and all audio equipment worked extremely well. Interviewed was Lisa\nOwnby who serves as the Vice Chair of the Williainsburg James City County School board. She\nis also appointed as head of the special education advisory committee within the school board\nsystem. During the interview Lisa Ownby discusses how her relationship with her brother\nunfortunately suffering from numerous disabilities impacted her life choices and career path.\nThroughout the interview she discusses her early volunteering with Special Olympics eventually\nleading to her eventual work at Child Development Resources funded by the U.S. Department of\nEducation. Lisa Ownby in this interview offers her point of view on several facets of the\nWilliainsburg James City County Public school system. First and foremost she offers her\nperspective on funding of special education on a local, state and national level. This interview\nwas an excellent way to see how those working within the school board view the production of\nthe special education system and of what issues are taking place in the system in regards to\nfunding. Throughout this interview for clarity, the transcribers have eliminated \"um\" and \"uh\"\nfrom the transcription.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe content of this note came from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eI interviewed Jennifer Albarracin at the William and Mary Barnes and Noble on Saturday, April\n7. We were originally meeting to interview Elias Martinez, a father of English Language\nLearning students in WJCC schools. However, by some miscommunication, even though he\narrived at the bookstore, we were never able to find each other. I'm guessing it was an issue with\nparking. After waiting an hour, I interviewed Jennifer. We discussed her own experience\ngrowing up in Fairfax, Virginia with the label of\"ESL\" and how it drove her towards academic\nsuccess because she wanted to leave behind the term \"ESL\" as an identifier. We also touched on\nher parents' interactions with the school system and how her relationship with her parents was\nstrained by communication barriers. Today, Jennifer is a William and Mary student, minoring in\nLatin American studies in order to learn more about her own roots. The background noise is\nrelatively loud throughout the interview, but the recording is still understandable. Although she\ndoes state her name as Jennifer Albarracin Moya in the recording, most of the time she goes by\nsolely her first last name, Albarracin, and so I decided to refer to her as Jennifer Albarracin after\nconsulting her preferences.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eI interviewed Jennifer Albarracin at the William and Mary Barnes and Noble on Saturday, April\n7. We were originally meeting to interview Elias Martinez, a father of English Language\nLearning students in WJCC schools. However, by some miscommunication, even though he\narrived at the bookstore, we were never able to find each other. I'm guessing it was an issue with\nparking. After waiting an hour, I interviewed Jennifer. We discussed her own experience\ngrowing up in Fairfax, Virginia with the label of\"ESL\" and how it drove her towards academic\nsuccess because she wanted to leave behind the term \"ESL\" as an identifier. We also touched on\nher parents' interactions with the school system and how her relationship with her parents was\nstrained by communication barriers. Today, Jennifer is a William and Mary student, minoring in\nLatin American studies in order to learn more about her own roots. The background noise is\nrelatively loud throughout the interview, but the recording is still understandable. Although she\ndoes state her name as Jennifer Albarracin Moya in the recording, most of the time she goes by\nsolely her first last name, Albarracin, and so I decided to refer to her as Jennifer Albarracin after\nconsulting her preferences.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eI interviewed Dr. Barko-Alva on Wednesday, March 21 in Swem library in a group study lounge\non the first floor (this gives reference for the occasional muffled voices in the background).\nEarlier in the day weren't sure if the interview was going to happen because it was snowy, but\nwe did end up completing the interview. We discussed Dr. Barko-Alava's educational\nbackground, beginning with her high school experience in Peru to finishing high school in the\nU.S. and going on to succeed at the University of Florida. She began teaching English her junior\nyear of college and once she graduated, she worked in the local public-school system. Dr. Barko-Alva\nwent back to UF to earn her Master's and Ph.D, and finally found herself at William and\nMary. We also discussed her involvement in educational activist work in Virginia and her\nexperiences 'in the Williamsburg-James City County school system. There were a few sections of\nthe narrative that were removed at the request of the narrator for various reasons including a\nconfidential conversation Dr. Barko-Alva is not at liberty to reveal. However, none of the deleted\nsections were crucial to the narrative being recounted.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe content of this note comes from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eI interviewed Dr. Barko-Alva on Wednesday, March 21 in Swem library in a group study lounge\non the first floor (this gives reference for the occasional muffled voices in the background).\nEarlier in the day weren't sure if the interview was going to happen because it was snowy, but\nwe did end up completing the interview. We discussed Dr. Barko-Alava's educational\nbackground, beginning with her high school experience in Peru to finishing high school in the\nU.S. and going on to succeed at the University of Florida. She began teaching English her junior\nyear of college and once she graduated, she worked in the local public-school system. Dr. Barko-Alva\nwent back to UF to earn her Master's and Ph.D, and finally found herself at William and\nMary. We also discussed her involvement in educational activist work in Virginia and her\nexperiences 'in the Williamsburg-James City County school system. There were a few sections of\nthe narrative that were removed at the request of the narrator for various reasons including a\nconfidential conversation Dr. Barko-Alva is not at liberty to reveal. However, none of the deleted\nsections were crucial to the narrative being recounted.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe content of this note comes from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eI interviewed Ms. Laura Carver on Tuesday, March 20 at her office in Hornsby Middle School.\nUnfortunately, a small portion of the oral history was lost because the voice recorder's memory\ncard filled up, and I did not notice it until after she was done responding to my question.\nHowever, the unrecorded section could not have been much longer than two or three minutes.\nMs. Carver is an English as a Second Language teacher in the WJCC school system and has been\nsince 2015, so we began the interview with a brief overview of her day-to-day interactions with\nEnglish Language Leaners and their parents. We also discussed her educational background and\nher experience working as a missionary and how both impact her interpretation of her role as an\nESL teacher. We ended the interview discussing the challenges of ESL education, specifically in\nthe local area, faced by the ELL students, their teachers, their families and guardians, and WJCC\nschool system .and a few possible ways to better address those challenges in the future. There\nwere three separate sections that were removed at the request of the Ms. Carver and they are\nnoted in the transcript. Nothing crucial to the slory line of her narrative was lost by these\ndeletions.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eI interviewed Ms. Laura Carver on Tuesday, March 20 at her office in Hornsby Middle School.\nUnfortunately, a small portion of the oral history was lost because the voice recorder's memory\ncard filled up, and I did not notice it until after she was done responding to my question.\nHowever, the unrecorded section could not have been much longer than two or three minutes.\nMs. Carver is an English as a Second Language teacher in the WJCC school system and has been\nsince 2015, so we began the interview with a brief overview of her day-to-day interactions with\nEnglish Language Leaners and their parents. We also discussed her educational background and\nher experience working as a missionary and how both impact her interpretation of her role as an\nESL teacher. We ended the interview discussing the challenges of ESL education, specifically in\nthe local area, faced by the ELL students, their teachers, their families and guardians, and WJCC\nschool system .and a few possible ways to better address those challenges in the future. There\nwere three separate sections that were removed at the request of the Ms. Carver and they are\nnoted in the transcript. Nothing crucial to the slory line of her narrative was lost by these\ndeletions.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eI interviewed Ms. Laura Carver on Tuesday, March 20 at her office in Hornsby Middle School.\nUnfortunately, a small portion of the oral history was lost because the voice recorder's memory\ncard filled up, and I did not notice it until after she was done responding to my question.\nHowever, the unrecorded section could not have been much longer than two or three minutes.\nMs. Carver is an English as a Second Language teacher in the WJCC school system and has been\nsince 2015, so we began the interview with a brief overview of her day-to-day interactions with\nEnglish Language Leaners and their parents. We also discussed her educational background and\nher experience working as a missionary and how both impact her interpretation of her role as an\nESL teacher. We ended the interview discussing the challenges of ESL education, specifically in\nthe local area, faced by the ELL students, their teachers, their families and guardians, and WJCC\nschool system .and a few possible ways to better address those challenges in the future. There\nwere three separate sections that were removed at the request of the Ms. Carver and they are\nnoted in the transcript. Nothing crucial to the slory line of her narrative was lost by these\ndeletions.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eI sent these questions sent to Dr. Patricia Tilghman by email, which explains the odd formatting\nof this document. Her responses follow each bolded question. Dr. Tilghman gave me an\noverview of the ESL program in WJCC schools as well as information about her own\nbackground in ESL education. She also discussed a few of the largest challenges WJCC schools\nface in engaging parents of ESL students. Informed consent was received through email. I have\nprinted that out, along with a Deed of Gift.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview was conducted and later indexed by Marriya Schwarz. The interview took place \nduring the evening of 4.4.18 at the College of William \u0026amp; Mary's Swem Library in Group Study\nRoom 235, using a Zoom H-1 Handy Voice Recorder. Overall, the quality of the interview is\nfairly clear. There is some interference due to people talking and playing music loudly over in\nthe next room. During the interview, Alexis Brender A. Brandis discussed her experiences as an\nathlete. She has been involved with Track \u0026amp; Field, gymnastics, and Tae Kwon Do. She went on\nto discuss some of her experiences as a current member of the College of William \u0026amp; Mary's\nTrack \u0026amp; Field team. She reflected on her experiences with various Williamsburg-James City\nCounty Schools and discussed different experiences with teachers. Towards the end of the\ninterview, she discussed her relationship with her family, namely her unofficial \"adoptive\nbrother,\" Ramon, her experiences so far as a sophomore at the College of William \u0026amp; Mary, and\nher experiences with having a connection to both the Williamsburg community and the College.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview was conducted and later indexed by Marriya Schwarz. The interview took place \nduring the evening of 4.4.18 at the College of William \u0026amp; Mary's Swem Library in Group Study\nRoom 235, using a Zoom H-1 Handy Voice Recorder. Overall, the quality of the interview is\nfairly clear. There is some interference due to people talking and playing music loudly over in\nthe next room. During the interview, Alexis Brender A. Brandis discussed her experiences as an\nathlete. She has been involved with Track \u0026amp; Field, gymnastics, and Tae Kwon Do. She went on\nto discuss some of her experiences as a current member of the College of William \u0026amp; Mary's\nTrack \u0026amp; Field team. She reflected on her experiences with various Williamsburg-James City\nCounty Schools and discussed different experiences with teachers. Towards the end of the\ninterview, she discussed her relationship with her family, namely her unofficial \"adoptive\nbrother,\" Ramon, her experiences so far as a sophomore at the College of William \u0026amp; Mary, and\nher experiences with having a connection to both the Williamsburg community and the College.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview was conducted by Marriya Schwarz and indexed by Brenna Cowardin. The\ninterview was later transcribed by Marriya Schwarz. The interview took place during the evening\nof 4/12/18 in front of theater at the Williamsburg Regional Library on Scotland Street, using a\nZoom H-1 Handy Voice Recorder. Overall, the quality of the interview is fairly clear, but the\nvolume is somewhat low. There is some interference due to people filing in and out of the\nWilliamsburg Library, but the audio still can be heard. During the interview, Sylvia Shearin\nWillis discussed her experiences with education within Williamsburg-James City County\nSchools, primarily her experiences with Bruton Heights School and later James Blair High\nSchool after integration in 1966. She reflected on the differences between the two schools. She\nalso discussed her experiences with the different teaching at both schools and minority teaching.\nTowards the end of the interview, she also discussed her experiences with historically black\ncolleges, as well as the educational experiences of her two daughters. For clarity and as\nrequested by the narrator, the transcriber has eliminated every \"um,\" \"uh,\" and \"like\" from the\ntranscription.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview was conducted by Marriya Schwarz and indexed by Brenna Cowardin. The\ninterview was later transcribed by Marriya Schwarz. The interview took place during the evening\nof 4/12/18 in front of theater at the Williamsburg Regional Library on Scotland Street, using a\nZoom H-1 Handy Voice Recorder. Overall, the quality of the interview is fairly clear, but the\nvolume is somewhat low. There is some interference due to people filing in and out of the\nWilliamsburg Library, but the audio still can be heard. During the interview, Sylvia Shearin\nWillis discussed her experiences with education within Williamsburg-James City County\nSchools, primarily her experiences with Bruton Heights School and later James Blair High\nSchool after integration in 1966. She reflected on the differences between the two schools. She\nalso discussed her experiences with the different teaching at both schools and minority teaching.\nTowards the end of the interview, she also discussed her experiences with historically black\ncolleges, as well as the educational experiences of her two daughters. For clarity and as\nrequested by the narrator, the transcriber has eliminated every \"um,\" \"uh,\" and \"like\" from the\ntranscription.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eI interviewed Shamir Bearfield at Swem Library, located rather centrally on the William and Mary campus, in group study room 118. This room is located on the quieter side of the first floor of Swem, and we were therefore able converse without interruption throughout the interview. The interview focused on Shamir's educational experiences growing up, particularly his movement from public to private school and the influence of football on his academic career. We also discussed his transition from a public middle school to a private high school and how that better prepared him for college at William and Mary.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe content of this note comes directly from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eI interviewed Shamir Bearfield at Swem Library, located rather centrally on the William and Mary campus, in group study room 118. This room is located on the quieter side of the first floor of Swem, and we were therefore able converse without interruption throughout the interview. The interview focused on Shamir's educational experiences growing up, particularly his movement from public to private school and the influence of football on his academic career. We also discussed his transition from a public middle school to a private high school and how that better prepared him for college at William and Mary.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe content of this note comes directly from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eI interviewed Shamir Bearfield at Swem Library, located rather centrally on the William and Mary campus, in group study room 118. This room is located on the quieter side of the first floor of Swem, and we were therefore able converse without interruption throughout the interview. The interview focused on Shamir's educational experiences growing up, particularly his movement from public to private school and the influence of football on his academic career. We also discussed his transition from a public middle school to a private high school and how that better prepared him for college at William and Mary.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe content of this note comes directly from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview was conducted by Marriya Schwarz with Nicholas DeAtley indexing during the interview. Marriya Schwarz later transcribed the entire interview. The interview took place in the afternoon of 2/6/18 in the College Apartments where the American Studies Department is located at the College of William \u0026amp; Mary in Williamsburg, VA. During the interview, Andrew Cotman discussed his experiences growing up in Henrico, Virginia. He described his experience with education starting from elementary school to now, where he is currently a senior at the College of William \u0026amp; Mary. For clarity, I have eliminated every \"um\" and \"uh.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview was conducted by Marriya Schwarz with Nicholas DeAtley indexing during the interview. Marriya Schwarz later transcribed the entire interview. The interview took place in the afternoon of 2/6/18 in the College Apartments where the American Studies Department is located at the College of William \u0026amp; Mary in Williamsburg, VA. During the interview, Andrew Cotman discussed his experiences growing up in Henrico, Virginia. He described his experience with education starting from elementary school to now, where he is currently a senior at the College of William \u0026amp; Mary. For clarity, I have eliminated every \"um\" and \"uh.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview was conducted by Marriya Schwarz with Nicholas DeAtley indexing during the interview. Marriya Schwarz later transcribed the entire interview. The interview took place in the afternoon of 2/6/18 in the College Apartments where the American Studies Department is located at the College of William \u0026amp; Mary in Williamsburg, VA. During the interview, Andrew Cotman discussed his experiences growing up in Henrico, Virginia. He described his experience with education starting from elementary school to now, where he is currently a senior at the College of William \u0026amp; Mary. For clarity, I have eliminated every \"um\" and \"uh.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe interview with Brenna Cowardin was recorded on a Tuesday afternoon in a group study room in Earl Greg Swem Library on the William \u0026amp; Mary Campus. Other than our voices, the room was quiet because the door was closed. The room was lined with windows in Brenna's line of sight, which showed students walking around study tables and talking. The only other person in the room was the indexer, Shamir Bearfield. Brenna has a passion education, especially for students who are learning English as a Second Language (ESL). Brenna talks about her interest in education as she reflects on her own experience in the Harrisonburg city public schools in Virginia. Although she has no current plans for entering the educational field, she hopes to use her acquisition of the Spanish language to bridge the gaps for these students and their families in the American public education system. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe interview with Brenna Cowardin was recorded on a Tuesday afternoon in a group study room in Earl Greg Swem Library on the William \u0026amp; Mary Campus. Other than our voices, the room was quiet because the door was closed. The room was lined with windows in Brenna's line of sight, which showed students walking around study tables and talking. The only other person in the room was the indexer, Shamir Bearfield. Brenna has a passion education, especially for students who are learning English as a Second Language (ESL). Brenna talks about her interest in education as she reflects on her own experience in the Harrisonburg city public schools in Virginia. Although she has no current plans for entering the educational field, she hopes to use her acquisition of the Spanish language to bridge the gaps for these students and their families in the American public education system. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe interview with Brenna Cowardin was recorded on a Tuesday afternoon in a group study room in Earl Greg Swem Library on the William \u0026amp; Mary Campus. Other than our voices, the room was quiet because the door was closed. The room was lined with windows in Brenna's line of sight, which showed students walking around study tables and talking. The only other person in the room was the indexer, Shamir Bearfield. Brenna has a passion education, especially for students who are learning English as a Second Language (ESL). Brenna talks about her interest in education as she reflects on her own experience in the Harrisonburg city public schools in Virginia. Although she has no current plans for entering the educational field, she hopes to use her acquisition of the Spanish language to bridge the gaps for these students and their families in the American public education system. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eI interviewed Nicholas DeAtley in a classroom on the third floor of the William and Mary College Apartments building. Nicholas provides a brief yet, enlightening account of his life history. Nicholas discusses a wonderful history of his upbringing from being born in Colombia and brought to the United States at a very young age, to his wonderful childhood with his adoptive family, and his aspirations to play sports in college. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eI interviewed Nicholas DeAtley in a classroom on the third floor of the William and Mary College Apartments building. Nicholas provides a brief yet, enlightening account of his life history. Nicholas discusses a wonderful history of his upbringing from being born in Colombia and brought to the United States at a very young age, to his wonderful childhood with his adoptive family, and his aspirations to play sports in college. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eI interviewed Ms. Marriya Schwarz in the third floor 311 classroom of the William and Mary American Studies academic building, located on 114 North Boundary St. Williamsburg, VA 23185. This was my first time interviewing with the Zoom H-1 Handy Voice Recorder. Overall the quality of the interview is very clear, however the volume of the interview was a little low. This was Marriya's first time being interviewed so she was a little nervous despite some nerves, overall the interview went very well and was very natural. Marriya discusses in the interview where she is from and her upbringing. Detailed are her experiences growing up in Herndon, Virginia with her sister as well as her transition to high school where she excelled in many extracurricular activities. As a high school senior she also detailed many of her experiences transitioning from high school to college and the nerve wrecking college decision process that many seniors go through so often. Throughout my transcript I have decided to remove the majority of non-verbal utterances such as \"uh\" and \"um\" because it does not represent by my opinion an important aspect of Marriya's speaking style. I also felt it hindered the fluidity of the transcript as it occurred throughout the interview quite often. Marriya is a very academically focused person, who has garnered some very highly regarded awards from her scholastic work. Her ultimate goal is to become a screenwriter and intends to follow that passion after she graduates from the College of William and Mary.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eI interviewed Ms. Marriya Schwarz in the third floor 311 classroom of the William and Mary American Studies academic building, located on 114 North Boundary St. Williamsburg, VA 23185. This was my first time interviewing with the Zoom H-1 Handy Voice Recorder. Overall the quality of the interview is very clear, however the volume of the interview was a little low. This was Marriya's first time being interviewed so she was a little nervous despite some nerves, overall the interview went very well and was very natural. Marriya discusses in the interview where she is from and her upbringing. Detailed are her experiences growing up in Herndon, Virginia with her sister as well as her transition to high school where she excelled in many extracurricular activities. As a high school senior she also detailed many of her experiences transitioning from high school to college and the nerve wrecking college decision process that many seniors go through so often. Throughout my transcript I have decided to remove the majority of non-verbal utterances such as \"uh\" and \"um\" because it does not represent by my opinion an important aspect of Marriya's speaking style. I also felt it hindered the fluidity of the transcript as it occurred throughout the interview quite often. Marriya is a very academically focused person, who has garnered some very highly regarded awards from her scholastic work. Her ultimate goal is to become a screenwriter and intends to follow that passion after she graduates from the College of William and Mary.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eI interviewed Ms. Marriya Schwarz in the third floor 311 classroom of the William and Mary American Studies academic building, located on 114 North Boundary St. Williamsburg, VA 23185. This was my first time interviewing with the Zoom H-1 Handy Voice Recorder. Overall the quality of the interview is very clear, however the volume of the interview was a little low. This was Marriya's first time being interviewed so she was a little nervous despite some nerves, overall the interview went very well and was very natural. Marriya discusses in the interview where she is from and her upbringing. Detailed are her experiences growing up in Herndon, Virginia with her sister as well as her transition to high school where she excelled in many extracurricular activities. As a high school senior she also detailed many of her experiences transitioning from high school to college and the nerve wrecking college decision process that many seniors go through so often. Throughout my transcript I have decided to remove the majority of non-verbal utterances such as \"uh\" and \"um\" because it does not represent by my opinion an important aspect of Marriya's speaking style. I also felt it hindered the fluidity of the transcript as it occurred throughout the interview quite often. Marriya is a very academically focused person, who has garnered some very highly regarded awards from her scholastic work. Her ultimate goal is to become a screenwriter and intends to follow that passion after she graduates from the College of William and Mary.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eI interviewed Mr. Robert Braxton in the College Apartments, which is located on Boundary Street in Williamsburg, VA, in the office of the Williamsburg Documentary Project.  Mr. Braxton was very engaged with the topic and welcoming of any questions that we had for him.  He began his interview by drawing out a revised version of a map of the Triangle, which we drew a copy of.  Having grown up in the area surrounding the Triangle, Mr. Braxton had a valuable perspective on the area.  We covered topics regarding the businesses that were located on the Triangle, how the redevelopment project occurred, and the progress that Williamsburg is making today, in addition to Mr. Braxton's experience on City Council. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eI interviewed Steve Harris in College Apartments 5a, overlooking the businesses and traffic at the corner of Prince George Street and South Boundary Street. It was a nice day out and we were lucky that Mr. Harris, who was visiting from Michigan where he now spends much of his time, had lent of his limited time in Williamsburg to the WDP's research of the Triangle Block. The conversation spanned the pre-redevelopment, redevelopment, and post-redevelopment periods of the Triangle's history, starting from Mr. Harris's days at Marshall-Wythe Law School. Mr. Harris brought with him a series of printed-out aerial photographs of the Triangle which he refers to multiple times during the interview.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSamantha and I interviewed Mr. Parker in one of the conference rooms on the first floor of College Apartments. He brought along a large binder full of documents that he allowed us to make copies of later, so there are times throughout the recording and transcript that he pauses to look at his materials or pull out a piece for our use. We discovered him through his association with the Society of Friends of African American History, the group responsible for the monument at the Triangle, so a lot of our focus was on that. He also shared his personal feelings about redevelopment and other issues surrounding the history of African Americans in Williamsburg. Early in the interview, there is some confusion over where Mr. Parker was to sign on the informed consent form, so there are pauses as we examined the form.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe content of this note is taken from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eI, Kandace Kimber, and Francie Zidonis interviewed Tony Conyers in Adriene's office in the College Apartments. Unfortunately, the room wasn't sound proof and there were renovations being done in the hallway so there is some background noise that can be heard in recording. Conyers is a native to Williamsburg and has spent majority of his career in both local and federal government. During the interview we discuss his upbringing and adulthood in Williamsburg, his experience developing new initiatives for the citizens in the city, and what he envisions for Williamsburg and James City County in the future. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe content of this note comes from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eI interviewed former City Councilman Scott Foster in one of the offices on the second floor of the college apartments. It was a very comfortable and casual atmosphere and I believe Mr. Foster had no trouble expressing himself in that environment. Scott Foster was a former student at the College of William \u0026amp; Mary ('10) and the first student to be elected to the Williamsburg City Council serving from 2010-2018. He has now retired from the City Council and resides in Skipwith Farms with his wife, working at a local law firm. We spoke a lot about Foster's time at the college (as well as, the law school), affordability in Williamsburg, and his overall passion for the city.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe content of this note comes from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWe interviewed Roy Gerardi and Tyrone Franklin in a small office in the Municipal Building, located at 401 Lafayette Street, on Friday, April 12. Mr. Gerardi could not stay for the duration of the interview, but before he was called out, he discussed his role in the Williamsburg Redevelopment and Housing Authority (WRHA), some of the programs available for low-income residents, and what he terms the \"five-fold reality\" of poverty. During his half of the interview, Mr. Franklin, the newly hired executive director for the WRHA, spoke about his experiences with affordable housing in his previous roles and his plans for Williamsburg moving forward.  \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eI interviewed Albert and Liz Johnson in the living room of their home in the BrookHaven neighborhood, which is located off of Ironbound road in James City County. While both Al and Liz participated in the interview, only Al wore a microphone so many of Liz's contributions are quiet or difficult to hear. I have done my best to transcribe them accurately, but some of her comments were indistinguishable due to the distance. The Johnsons seemed happy to welcome us into their home and to speak with us about Brookhaven. They have participated in the Williamsburg Documentary Project in the past and are experienced interviewees among American Studies students. During the interview the Johnsons showed us plans for the neighborhood, documents from Al's restaurant career, and photographs of their restaurant. We discussed the history and milieu of Brookhaven and Al's role as a founder of the neighborhood and a local entrepreneur. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eI interviewed Mr. Small in a conference room in the Public Works and Utilities department of the Williamsburg Municipal Building, located off of Lafayette Street in Williamsburg, Virginia. Mr. Small is a Williamsburg native and the current city engineer. His father worked in city planning in Williamsburg and James City County as well, helping to develop neighborhoods like Newtown and Fords Colony. As someone who has lived here for almost his entire life, Mr. Small has developed an extensive interest in the history of the development of Williamsburg. Our interview covers a number of topics, including why Williamsburg and the surrounding areas began to expand and develop in the eighties and nineties, moving into the history of various neighborhoods and areas, and finishing with a better understanding about how various aspects of the environment affect the way the city is developed. Throughout the course of the interview, there are various references to Google Maps, which Mr. Small was showing us on a projector, and to a smaller map in the room of Williamsburg with the understanding that it looks like a turkey.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eI interviewed Ms. Kandace Kimber in one of the Swem Library study rooms on the first floor (room 134C). The room was noticeably brighter than many of the surrounding rooms and areas and did somewhat disturb the individuals in the room. Kandace is a senior at the College and a Virginia native coming from Petersburg, VA. We spoke a lot about her living situation and went into great detail about her plans for the future. Kandace had a very relaxed demeanor and if she was nervous for the interview, one could not tell. A variety of topics were touched on during the interview concerning Kandace's personal life goals, about which she seemed very keen to talk about. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eI interviewed Ms. Resha in her office in the College Apartmnets, located on South Boundary Street in Williamsburg, VA. This is a practice interview for class, my second time every interviewing someone and my first time leading an interview on my own. Ms. Resha is 24 years old and a graduate student in the American Studies department, and the Teaching Assistant for our class. She studies Arab and Muslim representation in comic books. We discussed her research to some extent, but also focused a lot on her sense of what home has meant to her at varying points in her life. Ms. Resha considers herself to be \"from\" Florida, but has also lived in a number of places like Alabama, Charlottesville, VA, and Williamsburg.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe content of this note comes from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eI interviewed Brenna Thanner in a Swem library study room (134c), adjacent to the computer lab. We were the first in our group to interview. The room we were in was a comfortable size but the fluorescent overhead lights were extremely bright and hot. In the interview, I primarily ask Brenna about her family home in Jacksonville, Florida and her experiences in Williamsburg.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eI interviewed Francie Zidonis in College Apartments (114 N Boundary Street) room 224 the evening of Sunday, February 24th, 2019. By the time we had finished this interview, it was dark outside. The narrator, indexer, and myself had each already participated in two other practice interviews prior to conducting this interview. There is no remarkable outside noise; however, there are occasionally moments when laughter overwhelms the interview. We discussed Francie's hometown, Columbus, Ohio, and Williamsburg, often the College of William \u0026amp; Mary specifically, among other things.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview was conducted by Hallie Feinman and indexed by Austin Curtis. The interview took place on the morning of 2/8/21 via Zoom. Ava Coles discussed her childhood growing up in rural Virginia and the changes that came when her family moved to Charlottesville. She talks about her relationship with her family and siblings as well as her community at large.  Special interest is paid to the impacts of her education and upbringing and the impacts they have had on her life as an adult.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDescription was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview was conducted by Austin Curtis and indexed by Ava Coles. The interview took place on the afternoon of April 14, 2021 over Zoom. Janet Cummings describes the ways in which she has adjusted the efforts of the Relief Society of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Williamsburg to strengthen bonds of sisterhood among Latter-day Saint women. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDescription was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview was conducted by Ava Coles and indexed by Hallie Feinman. The\ninterview took place on the morning of 2/8/21 via Zoom. Austin Curtis discussed his childhood\ngrowing up as the son of two diplomats. He talks about the various places he lived as well as his\nrelationship with his siblings and why he chose to attend William \u0026amp; Mary.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDescription comes from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview was conducted by Jasmine Geonzon and was indexed by Maeve Quigley. The\nentire interview was not transcribed. The interview took place on the morning of 4/26/2021 over\nZoom. Ms. Davis discussed her experiences as a patron and employee of the Williamsburg\nRegional Library, the library's role in the Williamsburg community, and the WRL's response to\nthe COVID-19 pandemic.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDescription was taken from the headnote created by the interview team.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis oral history was conducted by Austin Curtis who later indexed and used happyscribe.com to transcribe the interview. This interview occurred at noon on February 8th, 2021 in Ava Cole's Personal Zoom Meeting Room. Hallie Feinman talks about her childhood and dissociative disorder. A condition which as she describes it as feeling like \"watching someone else pantomime through life [like] you,\" (03:40). Hallie Feinmen also addresses how COVID quarantines have affected her mental health. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDescription taken from headnote created by the interview team.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview was conducted by Maeve Quigley and was indexed by Jasmine Geonzon. The\nentire interview was later transcribed using Otter.ai. The interview took place on the afternoon of\n4/12/2021 over Zoom. Ms. Fowler discussed her life and work history, her role as the director of\nthe Williamsburg Regional Library, the library's role in the Williamsburg community, and the\nWRL's response to the COVID-19 pandemic.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDescription was taken from the headnote created by the interview team.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview was conducted by Amy Nadel and Johnette Weaver with Colleen Rodgers indexing. The interview took place virtually via Zoom video conferencing software in the afternoon of 4/30/21. All involved were sitting in their homes. Mrs. Weaver both helped interview her mother and served as another narrator by interjecting at times to provide helpful context to what Mrs. Gordon was saying. Mrs. Gordon discusses growing up in Magruder then moving to Highland Park, both Black neighborhoods. She shares her impressions of being a part of her Church community, going to segregated Bruton Heights School, being married to a Marine, and her desire to give her children as many educational opportunities as possible. Also, she shares her opinion of how Highland Park has changed over time and the impact of Covid 19 on her life.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDescription was taken from the headnote created by the interview team.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview was conducted by Lauren White and indexed by Austin Curtis. The interview\ntook place on the morning of April 28, 2021 over Zoom. Tawanda Hammond describes the ways\nin which she started operating her own decorative cake shop at a young age and moved around\nlocations before ending up in Williamsburg. Hammond describes the ways her business was\nforced to adapt during the COVID-19 pandemic and the adversities that she faced. Hammond\nalso discusses the community of Williamsburg, and how it can improve on being more inclusive.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDescription was taken from the headnote created by the interview team.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn this exercise, Jasmine Geonzon interviews Ron Littman with assistance from Sol Gallego-Garcia, who indexed the interview as it was taking place. The interview took place in the afternoon of 2/10/2021, as each Ron, Jasmine, and Sol were each in their respective homes, meeting over a recorded Zoom session. Here, Ron Littman discusses growing up in Williamsburg, having an unconventional school trajectory, and current college life. This transcription was created with the help of Otter.ai with necessary adjustments made for accuracy.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDescription was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview was conducted by Lauren White and indexed by Ava Coles. The interview took\nplace on the afternoon of 2/25/21 over Zoom. Hatley Mason discussed his difficult decision to\nclose Mermaid Books, which he ran for over eleven years.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDescription was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview of Amy Nadel was conducted by Colleen Rodgers and indexed by Maeve Quigley\non Sunday, February 7, 2021, at 3:40pm. The interview took place virtually due to the impact of\nthe COVID-19 pandemic and was done over Zoom, but Ms. Nadel was located in her room in an\noff-campus house. In the interview, Ms. Nadel discusses her experience of living abroad during\nthe onset of the pandemic in March of 2020.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDescription was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview was conducted by Colleen Rodgers with Hallie Feinman indexing. The interview\ntook place virtually via Zoom at 5:00pm on Wednesday, May 5, 2021. In the interview, Macie\nOsborn, the mother of two sons currently enrolled in Williamsburg-James City County (WJCC)\nPublic Schools, discusses her experience with online learning during the Covid-19 pandemic.\nShe details the experiences of each of her sons, one in elementary school and one in middle\nschool, and expresses gratitude for WJCC's ability to adapt to an ever-changing pandemic-era\nworld.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eI interviewed Maeve Quigley on Zoom. She was in her on-campus dorm room, while I was in\nmy off campus room. It was a cloudy, rainy day. Maeve seemed relaxed and ready to speak to us\nabout her experience moving to different places while growing up because she was smiling\nthroughout. She explained how living in three different regions within Virginia shaped her life.\nMaeve was 21 years old during the interview.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eI interviewed Miss Rodgers over Zoom. Miss Rodgers was excited to describe how her family\nhistory shared interesting parallels with John Steinbeck's East of Eden . She gave some\nbackground on the book before delving into her own family's stories, including some funny\nstories passed down from her grandparents and older relatives.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe description is taken from the headnote created by the interview team.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview was conducted by Hallie Feinman with Colleen Rodgers indexing. This interview took place virtually over Zoom on Thursday, April 22nd, at 7 PM. The interview was roughly thirty minutes long. In the interview, local community college student Savannah Merriman talked about her time as a high school senior during the beginning of COVID-19 and her subsequent experiences with graduation, community college, and different communities in her life. Towards the latter half of the interview, Savannah spends time talking about her experiences with social media. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDescription taken from headnote created by interview team.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview was conducted by Lauren White and indexed by Michelle Lelièvre. The interview\ntook place on the afternoon of April 21, 2021 over Zoom. Michelle Lelièvre was in Richmond.\nLauren White was in Williamsburg. Monique Sowell (MS1) and Michelle Seiling (MS2) were in\nthe office of the Hound's Tale in Williamsburg. Sowell and Seiling discuss their relationship with\nAromas Cafe, how they reacted to the early stages of the pandemic, and the adversities they\nfaced. They also discuss the different programs they received financial aid from, as well as\nbusiness plans for the upcoming future.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis description is taken from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eI interviewed Bishop David Trichler over Zoom. Bishop Trichler about becoming Bishop of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS) in Williamsburg, how his congregation adjusted to COVID health protocols, and his own personal relationship with the Mormon faith.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview was conducted by Colleen Rodgers with Amy Nadel indexing. The interview took\nplace virtually via Zoom at 8:00pm on Tuesday, April 13, 2021. In the interview, Bruton High\nSchool senior Cate Westenberger discusses her life in Williamsburg. She describes her public\nschool experience prior to and during the Covid-19 pandemic, as well as her experience with\nextracurricular activities such as sports and her job at Wythe Candy in Colonial Williamsburg.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview was conducted by Ava Coles and indexed by Lauren White. The interview took place on the afternoon of 4/16/21 over Zoom. Becki Wildenburger discussed her engagement with House of Mercy as a Housing Navigator, personal motivations, and House of Mercy's relationship with the Williamsburg community. Ms. Wildenburger detailed the landscape of affordable housing in Williamsburg and discussed how her role has changed during the COVID-19 pandemic.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview was conducted by Ava Coles on April 19th, 2021 over Zoom. Ms. Wolosynowski discussed the origins of the Williamsburg House of Mercy and her experience as the founder and executive director. During COVID-19, she forged critical community coalitions to further the mission of her organization and served the Williamsburg community through impressive food and housing services. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn this roundtable interview, Colonial Williamsburg Foundation employees Adam Canaday, Janice Canaday, and Paul Undra Jeter join the Director of Engagement at the Muscarelle Museum and visual artist Steve Prince and discuss the memorialization of African American history in Williamsburg, representation in the arts, local and national resistance to historical truth-telling, and visions for honoring African American ancestors. The Canadays discuss how being descendants of the first Black families of Williamsburg shaped both their careers as interpreters of African American history in CW. They also detail the legacy of Black labor in Williamsburg and express their frustrations with current obstacles to include African American representations in museums. Mr. Prince discusses his role as a visual artist, how he incorporates tragic histories within beautiful images, the power of visual representation, and how the lack of African American representation in public spaces harms the community. The narrators ask each other questions and relate their experiences throughout their discussion since this was the first time the CW employees met Steve Prince and the interviewers. The interview was conducted by undergraduate student Katherine 'Kate' Zabinski and indexed by her classmate Jamie Carkenord on April 20, 2022, at the Colonial Williamsburg Interpreters Office located at 427 Franklin Street in Williamsburg, VA. In the roundtable, Zabinski references the conversations she previously had with other community members who share local history with the roundtable participants. The roundtable interview was completed for an oral history research project in AMST 410: The Williamsburg Documentary Project, taught by Professor Michelle Lelièvre.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview was conducted by Jamie Carkenord and was indexed by Katherine Zabinski. The interview was transcribed. The interview took place on the morning of 1/28/2022 over Zoom. Ms. Clark discussed her life story moving across the country multiple times, what her childhood was like, and her college experience as an American Studies major.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis description is taken from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn this interview, William and Mary student Jamie Carkenord discusses how and why she chose to pursue an undergraduate degree in American Studies and how the program has influenced her life. Carkenord describes how she chose American Studies because the interdisciplinary elements that allow her to study many topics and choose her own specialization of her interests. She explains how her mother also majored in American studies and how her mother's descriptions of history departments discouraged her from majoring in history. In American Studies, Carkenord found ease in both completing classes and scheduling new ones. Carkenord discusses how her major has increased her interest in Black American history and overall histories of minority groups in the United States, which have been the most rewarding features of her degree work. Carkenord's journey in American studies has changed the way she views social, political, legal, and economic factors of American society and she states that she continues to look for why historical events happen and who made them occur.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis description is taken from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview was conducted and indexed by Teresa Clark. The interview took place on the afternoon of 04/22/2022 over Zoom. Ms. Cleveland discussed her journey as an artist in places like Chicago, Arizona, Williamsburg, and more. She discussed her artistic medium, the themes she draws on, and how her Williamsburg public art sculptures came to be. Ms. Cleveland also embeds her perspective on Williamsburg's public art scene in a story about coming back to the town herself and becoming a mother.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn this interview, Christopher Custalow (a citizen of the Oklahoma Cherokee Nation),\nKody Grant (a citizen of the Pueblo of Isleta and a descendant of the Eastern Band of Cherokee\nIndians), and Martin Saniga (a citizen of the Saponi Tribe out of Person County, North Carolina\nand Halifax County, Virginia) discuss their experiences working as American Indian interpreters\nin the tourism industry and the evolution of Indigenous representation in Colonial Williamsburg.\nThe narrators share information about their personal journeys with their cultural identities, the\ndifficulties and rewards about their career, and their hopes for the expansion of American Indian\nprogramming at Colonial Williamsburg.\nThis interview was conducted by Alison Walsh, and it was indexed by Alex Luck. The entire\ninterview was transcribed. The interview took place during the morning of 04/19/2022 on a\nZoom call.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis description was taken from a headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview was conducted, transcribed and indexed by Teresa Clark, The interview took place on the afternoon of 02/18/2022 at the city Municipal Buildings. Williamsburg Public Art Council members and Tourism Development specialist and WPAC staff liaison Joanna Skrabala discussed their role on the council, their view of public art, and the WPAC's work. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn this interview, Rev. Dr. Julie Grace discusses how her involvement in the Historic First Baptist Church in Williamsburg, VA throughout her childhood led to her career as a minister and her dedication to preserving African American history. She details her family's history living in Williamsburg and working for the Colonial Williamsburg Foundation, her experiences going to segregated schools, and how many Black residents view the tourism districts differently with their ancestors' dispossessions in mind. Dr. Grace describes how her ancestors' 19th-century lives as successful Black business and landowners along Duke of Gloucester Street, like Alexander Dunlop, and the overall prosperity of the African American community in Williamsburg are neglected histories that need to be commemorated in the city's physical landscape. She also expresses her personal thoughts on memorialization of African American history in the Colonial Capital of Virginia. The interview was conducted by undergraduate student Katherine 'Kate' Zabinski and indexed by her classmate Karissa McDonald on April 25, 2022, using the Zoom video conferencing platform. In the interview, Zabinski references the roundtable discussion she previously conducted with other community members who share local history with Dr. Grace. The interview was completed for an oral history research project in AMST 410: the Williamsburg Documentary Project, taught by Professor Michelle Lelièvre.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview was conducted in-person at the Williamsburg Regional Library in\nWilliamsburg, Virginia during the afternoon of April 28th, 2022. This interview was conducted\nby Kirsten Knisely, and it was indexed by Alison Walsh. Robert Haas was the narrator. Mr. Haas\ndescribed his work as the Director of Program Services at the library. This job allows for him to\nplan and coordinate the live performing arts performances within the library theater. Mr. Haas\ndiscussed the history of performing arts at the library, the role of performing arts in\nWilliamsburg, funding and financial situation of the arts in Williamsburg, and his successes and\nfailures within his job. He also discusses the role of the college and tourism in the success of the\nlibrary. He also discusses the importance of increasing diversity. The interview was recorded\nusing a Zoom audio recording device. The interview was just under an hour.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn this interview, Williamsburg resident Neill Hollands describes his job as the president\nof the Board of Directors for the Williamsburg Players. Mr. Hollands has been working with the\nWilliamsburg Players for 10 years.. The Players are a non-profit community theater group that\nruns completely out of their theater on Hubbard Lane. The group typically puts on 12 shows a\nyear that are funded by donations, support from the city, and ticket sales. Hollands discusses the\nfinancial situation of the Players and how COVID-19 impacted in-person activities. The\ninterview continues on to discuss the community building aspect of community theater. He\ndescribes how the theater community is very well-loved among the older community within\nWilliamsburg. Hollands discusses the importance of diversity within the Performing arts world,\nand how the Williamsburg Players work to increase diversity, but ultimately sruggle. This\ninterview was completed as a part of Kirsten Knisely's research project on Performing arts in\nWilliamsburg, Virginia. Knisely conducted the interview in-person using zoom audio recording\ntools. The interview took place on April 24th, 2022 at the James-York Playhouse, where the\nWilliamsburg Players are based. This project is associated with the American Studies program,\nand will complete the AMST 410: Williamsburg Documentary Project, taught by Professor\nMichelle Lelievre.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn this interview, Kirsten Knisely her early childhood and high school years. She\ndescribes her family life and speaks about people she admires. Kirsten grew up in Arlington,\nVirginia and in the interview, she speaks on her high school experience and friendships. Kirsten\ndetails some core memories as well as fandoms she was involved in high school and her beliefs\nin the tooth fairy and Santa. The interview was completed for an assignment in AMST 410:\nWilliamsburg Documentary Project, taught by Professor Michelle Lelièvre.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview was conducted and indexed by Alison Walsh. The entire interview was\ntranscribed using Zoom Video Communications. The interview took place on the\nmorning of 1/30/2022 over Zoom. Ms. Luck describes her life history, including growing\nup in rural North Carolina, grappling with differing viewpoints from her family and\ncommunity, attending the College of William \u0026amp; Mary, her passions for dance and history,\nand significant influences on her life.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview was conducted by Alex Luck and was indexed by Alex Luck. The entire interview was transcribed using Word afterwards. The interview took place on the morning of 1/30/2022 over Zoom. Karissa McDonald discussed topics about different stages of her life, including International Schooling, her college experience, and her plans for graduation. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn this interview, former Williamsburg resident Jessika Weaver Miller (daughter of\nWilliamsburg activist Johnette Gordon Weaver and granddaughter of Highland Park resident\nMyrtle Gordon) describes her professional experiences in the U.S. Navy and in insurance work\nand education in Australia. She speaks about joining the Navy after attending the U.S. Naval\nAcademy and starting a family with her Australian husband in Australia. There, she developed\nan interest in local Indigenous cultures and decided to pursue teaching professionally. Miller\ndescribes her decision to teach in the Torres Strait, a remote northern island region populated by\nIndigenous communities. She talks about the challenges of cross-cultural teaching and working\nin a remote school with limited technological resources and low literacy rates, and her effort to\nstart a Navy Cadet program in the area. She then shifts to discuss her own educational experience\nin Williamsburg, Virginia, particularly at Jamestown High School, a majority-white school. She\nspeaks to her involvement with the First Baptist Church in Williamsburg and her relationship\nwith churches in Australia. The interview concludes with a discussion of her two elementary\nschool-aged children and her educational and social goals for them. This interview was\nconducted by undergraduate W\u0026amp;M senior Jamie Carkenord on April 29, 2022 using the Zoom\nvideo conferencing platform. Jessika Miller was Zooming in from Thursday Island, Australia, so\nher local time was 9:00am on April 30th. This interview was completed as part of Carkenord's\nresearch project in AMST 410: Williamsburg Documentary Project, taught by Professor\nMichelle Lelièvre.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview was conducted in-person by Teresa Clark and indexed by Katherine Zabinski at the Culture Fix building located at 410 Francis St. in Williamsburg, VA on the morning of 4/27/2022. Mrs. Wendy Miller discussed her experiences as a long-time resident of Williamsburg who captures local experiences as the director and photographer of Culture Fix.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview was conducted by and indexed by Karissa McDonald. The entire interview was later transcribed using Otter.ai. The interview took place on the afternoon of 4/12/2021 over Zoom. Mr. Russell discussed his life and work history, his experiences with ghost stories, and the famous ghost stories of Williamsburg. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn this interview, Martin Saniga, who identifies as Saponi, Native, and American, discusses how growing up in Newport News, Virginia with his white mother and adoptive white father initially made him feel removed from his Saponi culture. He gradually reclaimed his culture by involving himself and making a difference within the Indigenous community of the greater Williamsburg area. On top of his career, he works with an Indigenous youth culture camp and is the president of a nonprofit language revitalization consortium. Mr. Saniga describes his career path: first joining the Coast Guard, later working as a site supervisor for Jamestown Settlement, and now working as an interpreter and head of the American Indian Initiative for Colonial Williamsburg. Mr. Saniga answers questions about the public reception of recent American Indian programming, museum ownership of Indigenous objects, the migration history of the Saponi people, William \u0026amp; Mary's complicated relationship with the local Indigenous community, and the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on his work. \nThe interview was conducted by undergraduate students Alex Luck and Alison Walsh on February 24th, 2022 using the Zoom video conferencing platform. The interview was indexed by undergraduate students Kirsten Knisely and Karissa McDonald. The interview was completed for the Guest Interview assignment in AMST 410: Williamsburg Documentary Project, taught by Professor Michelle Lelièvre.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nThis description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWithin this interview on January 30th, 2022 at 10:15am, Kirsten Knisely interviews her peer Alison Walsh. After Alison approves consent to conduct the interview, Kirsten begins her questions. Throughout the interview, Kirsten asks Alison questions concerning her youth and growing up, particularly what she was interested in as a kid and throughout high school. Alison describes her passions for sports and extracurriculars. She also describes her family and their importance to her. Kirsten continues to ask Alison about her time at William and Mary, what she is involved in, and who she spends her time with. Alison talks about her participation in a multitude of extracurricular activities and talks about her closest friends in college. The interview then moves to discussing the future, where Alison describes her plans to be an environmental lawyer and potentially starting a family one day. At the end of the interview, Alison signs the deed of gift form. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn this interview, Ms. Johnette Weaver discusses how her personal history and education in Williamsburg, VA shaped her work as an advocate for social justice. She describes her family's arrival in Virginia in the late 17th century, their dislocations, and eventual establishment in Highland Park. Ms. Weaver explains her complicated relationship with the Colonial Williamsburg Foundation alongside her pride in the work she has done as an interpreter there. She tells of her lifelong love of reading and of her choice to attend the historically Black college, Hampton University. Ms. Weaver discusses her social media manager position with Williamsburg Action, a social justice advocacy group that formed in 2020. The interview was conducted by undergraduate students Katherine Zabinski and Teresa Clark on February 15, 2022, using the Zoom video conferencing platform. In the interview, Clark and Zabinski reference the background knowledge they received about Johnette Weaver from assignments conducted in their undergraduate course AMST 410: Williamsburg Documentary Project, taught by Professor Michelle Lelièvre. Both the class assignment observations and interview were completed for an assignment in AMST 410.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn this interview, William and Mary student Katherine Zabinski describes her upbringing in a\nmilitary family, how it exposed her to other cultures and helped inform her passion for American\nhistory, and also describes her path to the college and the love of hip hop DJing she picked up\nhere. Zabinski narrates her family's moves from California to Washington State to Virginia,\nwhere she has lived since middle school. She explains that she does not consider uprooting\nmultiple times a downside, except that she finds it awkward trying to describe where she is from.\nOn the contrary, she describes how living in multiple places exposed her to more diverse\nAmerican cultures, growing familiar with Native and Chicano communities in California,\nIndigenous and Asian-American communities in Washington, and Black communities along with\nother diverse cultures in Virginia. She describes moving to Virginia and the South as a culture\nshock, but enjoyed the diverse geographies along with the diverse cultures: the California\ndeserts, Washington mountains, and Virginia cotton and cornfields. Zabinski describes the roots\nof her interest in history and the way attending predominantly Black middle and high schools\nand becoming friends with Black women inspired her to learn more about African-American\nhistory and American history that acknowledges white supremacy. She narrates how she came to\nbe interested in William \u0026amp; Mary. Initially having thought to join the military or attend\ncosmetology school, it was her teachers who encouraged her to take summer classes in the\nNIAHD program at the college, causing her to fall in love with the campus and with colonial to\nrevolutionary American history—with Richmond as one focus. Zabinski closes the interview by\ndescribing the extracurricular she has most enjoyed at William and Mary: the SOUL students of\nhip hop legacy club. She describes her involvement in the executive and social media branches\nof the club, and the DJing she had the opportunity to on a large and small scale during her time\nhere.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn this interview, American Studies and Gender, Sexuality and Women's Studies (GSWS)\nProfessor Leisa Meyer narrates their experience living in Williamsburg, Virginia, and the\nsurrounding areas as it pertains to the Queer community. Professor Meyer begins with detailing\ntheir life as a Professor at William and Mary, how much they care for their students and reform,\nand how they came to be a Professor and long-time resident of Williamsburg. They explain how\nthe surrounding areas of Williamsburg have a more lively Queer presence, and details some of\nthe history behind the notorious Gay/Lesbian bars in these more urbanized towns. Throughout\nthe interview, there are discussions of what qualifies as a Queer space, what Williamsburg and\nthe Queer community in the town can do to advance their presence in the Colonial city, and ends\nwith concluding remarks about Williamsburg as a whole.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview is conducted by Natalie Corsello and indexed by Emma Blackwood. The interview is transcribed by Abby Mendez (they/them). The interview took place in person in the Haven on April 16th at 11:00am. Liz Cascone discusses her background in terms of education and her journey leading up to their move to Williamsburg, as well as her thoughts on the difficulties of finding Queer community and spaces as a non-student, non-retiree in Williamsburg.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn this interview, Marcus Banks Jr. discusses his upbringing in the sports world and those who have positively influenced his journey as a basketball player. A native of the Williamsburg and Newport News areas, Banks begins by explaining who introduced him to the game of basketball and how he fell in love with it. He discusses his experience with basketball prior to college, transferring to different high schools, and the process by which he developed his skills on and off the court, as well as how he was able to overcome adversity. He speaks on what the game has meant to him throughout his life, the various coaches who have helped mold him into the young man he is today, and teammates he has had the pleasure of playing alongside. Finally, Marcus elaborates on the countless lessons, skills, and experiences that basketball has afforded him, and how these things can be applied to other areas of his life.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn the following oral history, John McGlennon, a Professor in Government at the College of\nWilliam \u0026amp; Mary and member of the Board of Supervisors of James City County, Virginia, discusses his\ninterest in politics as a youth, his education and activities at Fordham University and Johns Hopkins\nUniversity, and his participation in the Democratic Party in Williamsburg, Virginia. McGlennon explains\nhow his New York childhood and background as a first-generation college student sparked his initial\ninterest in politics, particularly in the Kennedy presidency. His increasing dissatisfaction with the Johnson\npresidency led McGlennon to become involved in the high school and college newspapers, which instilled\na belief in the consequence of journalism and academia as avenues for influencing politics. McGlennon\ndescribes his impressions of the First Congressional District of Virginia upon arriving in Williamsburg in\n1974, detailing his rise through the local Democratic Party from 1978 to 1981. Finally, he outlines his\n1982 strategy to campaign against then-State Senator Herb Bateman in the general election for the First\nCongressional District of Virginia, including how he solicited PAC funds, participated in\ncandidate-on-candidate debates, and the role of abortion in determining the final vote outcome.\nWilliamsburg Documentary Project student Caleb Fulford conducted the interview on April 2, 2024, at\n9:00 am with an Amcrest USB Microphone. Fulford and indexer Seth Novak reference the class\nassignment involving the interview in AMST 410: Williamsburg Documentary Project, taught by\nProfessor Michelle Lelièvre.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview was conducted by Natalie Lopez and was indexed by Abigail Swanberg. This interview was transcribed by Natalie Lopez. It took place on April 17, 2024 in Swem Room 168. Cecilia Weaver discusses her internship experience at Colonial National Historical Park, her other internships and jobs, and her time at William \u0026amp; Mary. Topics of this interview include interning, archaeology, Geographic Information System (GIS), public history, museum work, and interpretation.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn this interview, Sam Beavin discusses the culture of music in Williamsburg and how people participate in it. He begins with his background of growing up in Parkland, Florida, and what music is common to that area. He then speaks about his involvement in a student band, Halcyon Lane, and their interactions with other bands on campus. He mentions his influences and genre tastes, and how those compare to the music he plays for Halcyon Lane. He then goes on to describe the locations he has played at, such as the Meridian, the Amphitheater, Sadler Center, Merchants' Square, and on a float during the 2023 Homecoming Parade. He elaborates on the people who listen to him play and how they identify, specifically whether there are students or otherwise. Sam concludes that he is more connected to the William and Mary music community, though enjoys those connections and is content with them. The interview was conducted by undergraduate student Seth Novak on April 7th, 2024, using Zoom H8 Digital Recorders in Earl Gregg Swem Library for the American Studies department Williamsburg Documentary Project.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMaureen Anderson was interviewed was by Abigail Swanberg. The interview was indexed by Joey Houska and Anika Ahammad. The entire interview was transcribed. The interview took place on the afternoon of 4/12/2024 in person at 3312 N Riverside Drive Lanexa 23089. The interview contains topics including family, stating a business, creating and running a farmer's market, self-sufficiency, farming, living in a historic house, and COVID-19.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview was conducted by Abigail Swanberg and indexed by Caleb Fulford and Gabe Dorsey. The interview occurred on April 26th, 2024, at 1:00 pm in Swem Library Room 118. This interview was conducted as part of the Williamsburg Documentary Project. Joey Houska is a senior at the College of William \u0026amp; Mary. They started and currently lead the Toano Walking Tour Project. This interview contains topics including revitalization efforts, community, William \u0026amp; Mary, walking arts, leadership, Ohio, and advocacy work.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn this interview, Abigail Swanberg discusses a condensed \"life history\", beginning with her life and family in Appomattox, Virginia, and continuing on to other topics such as her interest in football and participation in the marching band. She describes her high school experience under Covid-19 and how it differed from her introduction to college. Finally, she ponders her life goals and ultimate aspirations. The interview was conducted by undergraduate student Seth Novak on January 28th, 2024 using the Zoom video conferencing platform. This interview was completed for an assignment in AMST 410: Williamsburg Documentary Project, taught by Professor Michelle Lelièvre.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn this interview, Caleb Fulford discusses his upbringing and how his parents' relative youth and complex relationship impacted him as a child, as well as his relationship with his younger sisters. He also discusses the impact of his friendship with his current roommate Georgia, who he has been friends with since middle school. He describes how his learning difficulties in school encouraged him to join the debate team and, later, pursue a legal career. He also speaks about how his family's religious differences impacted his ideas about politics. The interview was conducted by undergraduate student Natalie Lopez on January 30, 2024 using the Zoom video conferencing platform. This interview was completed for an assignment in AMST 410: Williamsburg Documentary Project, taught by Professor Michelle Lelièvre.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn this interview, Deja Williams discusses her upbringing and college experience. She describes where she is from, schools attended, the decision to come to William \u0026amp; Mary, and college extracurriculars, including improv comedy and the desire to play an intramural sport.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn this interview, Emma Blackwood discusses her upbringing in Richmond, VA and her experiences through private school preparing her for college. She describes how quarantine impacted her family, as well as her transition to William and Mary. Soon to be graduating, Emma Blackwood outlines her post-college plans for law school, especially in environmental justice advocacy. The interview was conducted by undergraduate student Anika Ahammad on January 29, 2024 using the Zoom video conferencing platform. The interview was completed for an assignment in AMST 410: Williamsburg Documentary Project, taught by Professor Michelle Lelièvre.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn the following interview, Gabe Dorsey discusses his early childhood and how his parents instilled an unwavering dedication to work, discipline, and spirituality. Gabe recalls deriving his name from the biblical archangel Gabriel, who declared to the Virgin Mary that she had been selected to bear the Son of God and served as a touchstone throughout his upbringing. He describes attending church every Sunday with his immediate family—his mother, father, two older brothers, and grandparents—and values the faith he observed between his parents as a marital unit. Gabe also reflects on how family, early education, and recreational athletics led him to pursue and compete in collegiate basketball at the College of William \u0026amp; Mary. He credits his father, a former college basketball player, with inspiring him and emphasizing the academic benefits of such a sport. I completed the interview for an assignment in the Williamsburg Documentary Project, taught by Professor Michelle Lelièvre.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview was conducted by Gabe Dorsey and was indexed by Caleb Fulford. The entire interview was transcribed. The interview took place on the evening of 1/30/2024 over Zoom. Ms. Lopez gives a brief background on her hometown, upbringing, family life, and her ambitions as a motivated William and Mary student. She gives insight regarding her experiences being a kid from the west coast studying on the east coast, a young girl growing up in a Mexican household and a young woman discovering more and more about herself as she travels and grows through life. \"In the words of Walt Whitman, 'we all contain multitudes'\".\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn this interview, Seth Novak discusses his experiences moving around Arlington, Virginia. He also talks about his family and the pets that his family has owned over the years, mostly cats. He talks about his experience volunteering at the Heritage Humane Society. Seth Novak also mentioned how he ended up at William \u0026amp; Mary, his current thoughts on being a senior who is graduating early, and his post-graduation plans.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn this interview, Laura Gonzalez Castro discusses her personal and professional life, their interaction, and what her work means to her. She describes her youth in Havana, Cuba, and how her experiences were similar and different from other citizens. She also discusses her immigration to the United States and the efforts that went into finding work here, bringing her family members, and how she ended up in Virginia. Gonzalez Castro then goes on to talk about her professional life in the Center for Child and Family Services, and how terminology can have a large impact on the clients she takes in, especially those considered \"undocumented\". Interest is also paid to her education in Cuba, as well as personal life, such as travels across Europe and domestically. The interview was conducted by undergraduate students Abby Mendez and Seth Novak on March 5th, 2024, using DGI microphones.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis Williamsburg Documentary Project guest interview was conducted in the dining area in the basement of First Baptist Church in Williamsburg, Virginia. Molly Robinson conducted the interview and Michelle Lelièvre indexed. Students enrolled in the WDP also attended and interacted with Mrs. Montgomery during the interview. Prior to sitting down with us, Mrs. Montgomery gave the class a tour of the historic First Baptist Church. This enriching tour took up much of our class period, so Mrs. Montgomery scheduled a follow-up oral history that took place on April 4, 2024. In this first interview, she discusses growing up in Winter Park, Florida, attending Hungerford High School in Eatonville, FL, traveling and performing with musician Bill Doggett, raising her daughter during her career as a musician, getting married and moving to Williamsburg, starting credit unions in the town, and entering various leadership positions, including Chairperson of the History Ministry at First Baptist Church. The recording is punctuated with sounds of a phone ringing (@ 7:20 and 9:18). Mrs. Montgomery can also be heard speaking to other members of First Baptist who were in the church during the interview (@ 19:27, 36:19, and 49:10). Around 49:00, several students had to excuse themselves to attend another class.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis oral history was a follow-up to the oral history interview conducted with Mrs. Liz Montgomery by the Williamsburg Documentary Project on February 22, 2024. Both interviews were conducted by Molly Robinson, with questions developed by Molly Robinson and Michelle Lelièvre. Given the expansive nature of Mrs. Montgomery's first interview, the WDP invited her to conduct a second interview where we could explore in greater depth some of the many fascinating topics she introduced, including her experience as a jazz vocalist touring with Bill Doggett in the 1960's, her work to establish credit unions at Colonial Williamsburg and Busch Gardens, her work as a mother raising children in Williamsburg, and her leadership at the First Baptist Church. Mrs. Montgomery was very generous with her responses and shared details of her life that she had not previously disclosed publicly. She ended her interview by singing (unrehearsed!) a few bars from \"Sometimes I Feel Like a Motherless Child.\" The Williamsburg Documentary Project was honored to welcome Mrs. Montgomery and receive the gift of her stories.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn the following oral history, Meredith Poole, a Staff Archaeologist with the Colonial Williamsburg Foundation, discusses how discovering a fossil in her backyard at an early age sparked her passion for archaeology. She also cites numerous educators, from her elementary school teacher to a professor with whom Poole traveled to Belize for a semester abroad, as inspiratory figures in the initial development of her almost 39-year career. Poole explains how working on the 1985 excavation of the Shields Tavern site while completing her Master's Thesis for her MA in Anthropology from William \u0026amp; Mary helped to both ground her roots in the Williamsburg community and provide her with invaluable on-the-ground skills, such as appreciating the value of minute details and archeological storytelling, that would become central in her later work. She discusses her contributions to the 2022 excavation of the First Baptist Church Cite as among her proudest projects, describing the uncovering of such a personal history for the descendant community as a fulfilling process that exemplifies the value of archaeology. Poole also explains how she balanced her dual interests in fieldwork and obligations as a public-facing archaeologist with the Colonial Williamsburg Foundation, recalling as paramount her skills in creative writing and community development. She advises future archaeologists to focus on a specialized field of research that interests them and communicate the relevant knowledge in ways that the general public can understand and appreciate. Williamsburg Documentary Project students Caleb Fulford and Abigail Swanberg conducted the interview on February 20, 2024, at 2:00 pm with a Zoom H4N and DGI microphones provided by graduate student Molly Robinson. Fulford, Swanberg, and indexer Natalie Lopez reference the class assignment involving the interview in AMST 410: Williamsburg Documentary Project, taught by Professor Michelle Lelièvre.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview was conducted by Natalie Corsello and Emma Blackwood and was indexed by Anika Ahammad. The entire interview was transcribed. The interview took place on the afternoon of 2/13/2024 in person at Boswell Hall Room# 40 on 100 Ukrop Way, Williamsburg, VA. Tijuana Reeve discussed her journey to William \u0026amp; Mary, her advocacy in the Cape Henry Project, and also her personal experiences with pregnancy, stillbirth, and motherhood.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn this interview, Diane Langhorst discusses her experience of belonging and community as a student at the College of William and Mary in the class of 1968, detailing her life in chapters. She discusses the impact of being the middle child and the oldest daughter growing up in the church and transitioning to becoming a student. Further, she recalls the cultural changes of living in Williamsburg, as her parents didn't visit and there were no black students on campus,\nstating that the campus was isolated and segregated. She recounts how her religion fostered community, enabling a closer connection between her and her friends. She discusses how William and Mary felt insulated, how she felt little connection to the community outside of campus, and comments on the lack of news and political discussion. Diane cites the liberal arts education at the college as the inspiration for her study of sociology and subsequent career in social work. This interview was conducted by undergraduate students Caroline Cromwell and Leah Schrum and was indexed by Sarah Kinlaw. The interview took place in the Samuel E. Jones building on the William and Mary campus on the afternoon of 3/6/2025. This interview was conducted for research purposes by the Williamsburg Documentary Project, taught by\nMolly Robinson and Tijuana Reeve.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis description is taken from the headnote for the oral history. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn this interview, Zach Meredith discusses how his experience as a student at William and Mary shaped his understanding of community and belonging. He discusses how he was drawn to W\u0026amp;M for its intellectual community, and subsequently found his community through the American Studies department and the Williamsburg Documentary Project course. Further, Zach details how the WDP exposed him to new ways of approaching history through archive work and understanding of his positionality. He recounts how his research on the Triangle Block during the WDP developed into his senior thesis project, \"Urban Renewal in the Colonial Capital: Contextualizing the Williamsburg Redevelopment \u0026amp; Housing Authority\"(2019). Now teaching at the same high school in Durham, North Carolina that he attended as a student, Zach\nhopes to develop a Durham History elective, incorporating aspects from the WDP. This interview was conducted by undergraduate students Sarah Kinlaw and Leah Schrum and was indexed by Caroline Cromwell. The interview took place in the Samuel E. Jones building on the William and Mary campus and on Zoom on the afternoon of 3/4/2025. This interview was conducted for research purposes by the Williamsburg Documentary Project, taught by Molly Robinson and Tijuana Reeve.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection is composed of material collected and created by the Williamsburg Documentary Project. The Williamsburg Documentary Project conducts oral history interviews and builds physical and digital archives, as well as other activities, through which it interprets the past of Williamsburg, Virginia.","The collection includes publications, news clippings, interviews, and planning documents about Merchant's Square, New Town, food, immigration, as well as events related to Williamsburg history. Events documented in this collection include the removal of a cross from the chapel in the William \u0026 Mary Wren Building at the direction of College President Gene R. Nichol. ","This sub-series contains oral history interviews from 1995-2012. Interviewees consist primarily of William \u0026 Mary students, William \u0026 Mary Faculty, and Williamsburg and James City County residents. Interviews have related oral history materials in the William \u0026 Mary digital archive. The suberies is arranged in alphabetical order by last name of interviewee.","File contains deed of gift, detailed, time-stamped summary of interview, and written summary of oral history interview conducted by Graham DeZarn. Mr. Abbott speaks about his family history, the work his architectural firm does, and the importance of understanding the history of the area. He speaks about the progect at Polegreen Church in Hanover County, VA and the preservation of historic and agricultural land.","This sub- series contains oral history deeds, transcripts and notes from 1995-2012.","Final papers for student projects consist of a variety of subjects on the community life and culture within Williamsburg and surrounding environs. Some of these topics have related oral history and digital materials in the William \u0026 Mary digital archive. This series contains student project map diaries from 2008-2012. Students track their locations and movements for a 24 hour period to construct a map diary of their day. There is no prescribed format for the map diary. The bulk of the series is arranged by project title.","Please note that select student papers are restricted from viewing due to privacy. Please consult with a staff member for assistance. ","This series contains research materials on the following subjects: : Old Town/New Town, Food and Poverty in Williamsburg and Wren Cross controversy, Battle of Williamsburg Commemoration, J1 Work Visas, Retirement in Williamsburg and Development of Quarterpath Road. There are also oral history materials from the Grass Roots Theater (1998-1999). Old Town/New Town: Merchants Square material, Merchants Square Real Estate Operations, The NewTowner magazines, Next Door Neighbor magazine, and newspaper clippings for 2007. Food and Poverty in Williamsburg: USDA Brochures (2007), Statistics, Information, Advertisements (2010), SHIP (2010), Food Bank Study (2004), Community Health Report (2005) Wren Cross controversy: Emails, Websites and notes used in compiling final report. Battle of Williamsburg Commemoration: Notes J1 Work Visas: Briefings, Regulations, Court Case, and notes used in compiling final report. All from 2010. Retirement in Williamsburg: Reports and Brochures, Journal Articles, Tourism directory, and newspaper clippings.","Williamsburg, Virginia, Traffic Lights, 35 x 21 cm, color Williamsburg, Virginia, Original City and Subsequent Annexation, 28 x 43cm, Color, ca 1984 Williamsburg, Virginia,, Williamsburg in the '20 and '30s, 21 x 28cm, Black \u0026 White James City County, 29.5 x 43cm, color, 2006 Williamsburg, Virginia, Comprehensive Plan, 42.5 x 54.5 cm, color, 2006 Williamsburg, Virginia, Zoning Districts, 1 of 3, 42.5 x 34 cm, color, February 13, 2003 Williamsburg, Virginia, Architectual Review Distircts, 42.5 x 34 cm, 2 of 3, color, March 9, 2006 Williamsburg, Virginia, Zoning Districts, 3 of 3, 42.5 x 34 cm, color, February 13, 2003 Williamsburg, Virginia, Zoning Map, 91 x 58 cm, black \u0026 white, July 1, 1966, 2 copies Williamsburg, Virginia, Zoning Map, 91 x 58 cm, black \u0026 white, August,1972, Res'C', March 26, 1981 Williamsburg, Virginia, Zoning Map, 91 x 58 cm, black \u0026 white, August,1972, ' March 23, 1987, 2 copies Williamsburg, Virginia, Zoning Map, 91 x 58 cm, black \u0026 white, August,1972, January 1, 1975, 2 copies Williamsburg, Virginia, Zoning Map, 91 x 58 cm, black \u0026 white, July 1964 Williamsburg, Virginia, Real Property Grid Index, 91 x 58 cm, color, July 13, 2004","Al Albert is the a former soccer coach at William and Mary and is credited with founding the Tidewater Soccer camp. He speaks about his background and the founding of the camp. Folder contains a summary and index of the interview.","Douglas Austin speaks about his time growing up in the Williamsburg James City County School System and his time at Bruton Heights, previously and African American only school. Folder contains and index and transcript of the interview.","Dr. Bernacki is a general practitioner who has been practicing in Williamsburg since the 1980s. Dr. Bernacki speaks about his past as a medical student at Georgetown, his time as a physician in the Air Force, the growth he has seen in the Williamsburg medical community, and his belief in the Affordable Care Act (ACA). Folder contains a summary and index of the interview.","Dr. Brown speaks about the past medical community of Williamsburg and his disagreement with the Affordable Care Act (ACA). Folder contains a summary and index of the interview.","Lauren Brown speaks about growing up in Williamsburg and the tourism industry. Folder contains an index of the interview.","Sarah Cate-Pizarro is a student at William and Mary and speaks about her life in Richmond, VA, he plans for the future, her travels, and her family. Folder contains an index and transcript of the interview.","Linda Chemlow has been in Williamsburg since 1989 and speaks about her work in the medical field including her personal and professional attitudes towards the Affordable Care Act (ACA). Folder contains a summary and index of the interview.","John Daly is the Head Women's Soccer Coach at William and Mary College. He speaks about how he got involved in soccer and his work at the Tidewater Soccer Camp as a coach. The file contains a transcript of the interview.","Mrs. Elston is the president of the Williamsburg chapter of the William and Mary Alumni Association. She speaks about the association, changes in Williamsburg since she was a student, her and her family's involvement in the community, and her relationship with the US Navy. The folder contains a summary and index of the interview.","Mr. Hamant is the former director of Evening and Special Programs at Colonial Williamsburg. He spoke about how he came to Williamsburg, his time as a Senior Archeologist for Colonial Williamsburg, and his development of popular ghost tours in Colonial Williamsburg. The folder contains a transcript of the interview.","Jane Hanson is the supervisor of the Governor's Musick Ensemble. She gives a comprehensive history of early music performance, the benefits and drawbacks of a resident ensemble, and the difficulties the ensemble face. The folder contains a summary of the interview.","Mayor Clyde Haulmand describes his previous involvement on the Board for the local chapter of Big Brothers Big Sisters. He also discusses how the city of Williamsburg addresses the problem of at-risk and disadvantaged youth. The folder contains a summary and index of the interview.","Sister Rose Morris is a teacher at Walsingham Academy, a Catholic school in Williamsburg. Mary Johnston was a student and teacher at Walsingham and at the time of the interview works as the vice principal of the lower school. Sister Rose speaks of the school's history and its religious diversity. Mary speaks about being a non-Catholic student and teacher at the school. Both speak about the schools relationship to the community. The folder contains an index and transcript of the inteview.","Mrs. Jowett is the Career and Technical Education Curriculum leader at Jamestown High. Mrs. Jowett speaks about her experiences with the supernatural at the high school as well as encounters at her home in Yorktown. The folder contains a summary and index of the interview.","Ms. King is the CEO at the Greater Virginia Peninsula branch of Big Brothers Big Sisters. Ms. King discusses the function and organization of this chapter as well as its fundraisers and events. This folder contains an index and transcript of the interview.","Judy Knudson is the executive director of Olde Towne Medical Center. She speaks about the growing number of retirees in the community, the growth of the medical field in Williamsburg, and the benefits of the Affordable Care Act (ACA). The folder contains a summary, index, and transcript of the interview.","Jake Lewitz is an senior at William and Mary College. He discusses his hometown of Marin, California and what it was like growing up there. He also discussed his busy schedule and many school activities. Jake Lewitz is interested in the Public Health sector. This folder contains an index and transcript of the interview.","Professor Marshall teaches at William and Mary and was member of the Governor's Musick ensemble. Prof. Marshall speaks of the benefits of playing in a small resident ensemble as well as the lack of support by the Colonial Williamsburg Foundation. The folder contains a summary and index of the interview.","Kalynn McLane is a student at William and Mary American Studies program. She speaks about her family, her love of William and Mary, her academics, and her summer study abroad in Cape Town. The folder contains an index and transcript of the interview.","Mr. Moss's speaks of his musical life prior to beginning to play withthe Governor's Musick ensemble, his musical travel, and teaching life. He also give a history of the music that would have been played in the colonial era in Williamsburg. In a follow up interview Mr. Moss discusses the role that the Governor's Musick has played within the living museum and the nature of their engagements while he has been a member. Mr. Moss also discussed the changing attitudes towards music in society todya and his uncertainty about the groups future. The folder contains summaries and indexes for both interviews.","Hannah Ostroff is a student at William and Mary. She speaks about her childhood and her decision to attend William and Mary as well as her time at the school. Ostroff speaks about her experiences with the William and Mary Choir and Sinfonicron. The folder contains an index and transcript of the interview.","Lance Pedigo speaks about his love of music growing up and how he now runs the Fife and Drum Corps in Williamsburg. The folder contains indices of the interview.","Mrs. Pedigo works in the Williamsburg-James City County public school system. She speaks about her time working at Matthew Whaley Elementary School and working in the media center at Rawls Byrd Elementary School. She discusses the changes to the city and the school system since she began working in Williamsburg in 1959. The folder contains a summary and index of the interview.","Mr. and Mrs. Perkins are both graduates of William and Mary and speak about their time as active participants in Greek life on campus. They discuss the changes to Williamsburg and William and Mary since their graduation as well as their current church life and as members of the Olde Guarde Council. The folder contains an index and transcript of the interview.","Mr. Carnifax is the Director of Parks and Recreation for James City County and Mr. Powell is the Assistant City Manager. They speak about athletics and local field use. They also speak about the Warhill Sports Complex, what it provides the community, and how youth athletics can economically benefit the community. This folder contains a summary of the interview.","Rachel Quinones is a student at William and Mary. She speaks about her childhood, religion, music, and her impending graduation. The folder contains an index and transcript of the interview.","Mr. Riley speaks about the Kimball theater and film in Williamsburg. The folder contains indices of the interview.","Mr. Scrofani speaks about the Williamsburg Indoor Sports Complex, how it was created and funded, and the impact the WISC has on the community. The folder contains a summary of the interview.","Willie Shaw is a student at William and Mary. He speaks about his childhood, his family, his passion for athletics, and his relationship with music. He also speaks about how he came to William and Mary and his plans for the future. The folder contains an index and transcript of the interview.","Lauren Stephenson is a student at William and Mary. She speaks about her childhood, growing up in suburban Chicago, her Jewish community, and her TV journalist experience. She also speaks about her experiences at William and Mary. The folder contains a transcript of the interview.","Lisa Thomas has been a Big Sister through the local chapter of Big Brothers Big Sisters since 1985. She discusses her role and responsiblities of a Big Sister and her personal experiences with her Little Sisters. In the follow up interview Lisa Thomas speaks about her experience at Eastern State Hospital, how her work for Child Development Resources (CDR) fits into the Williamsburg community assisting disabled children, at-risk children, and those that come from non-English speaking families, and how changing legislation and federal grant money alters the CDR's focus. The folder contains summaries and indices of the interviews.","Jacqueline Vasquez is a student at William and Mary. She discusses her childhood in Texas and her relationships with her family. She speaks about her middle and high school experiences such as participation in student government and sports. She also speaks about her decision to come to William and Mary and her involvement in Phi Beta Phi Sorority, the Club Lacross team, and her volunteer work at the Democratic National Convention in 2012. This folder contains a transcript of the interview.","Mr. Watson is the longest-working musician of the Governor's Musick Ensemble. He speaks about the historical musical performace practices and institutional knowledge. He discusses the transition in Colonial Williamsburg to historically accurate music practices, his own history with early music and the role of the Governor's Musick at the institution. The folder contains an index and transcript of the interview.","The four narrators are all William and Mary Alumni who reside in the Williamsburg Landing Retirement Community. The residents share stories from their time at William and Mary, speak about their love of the College, what has changed since they were students, why they decided to move to Williamsburg, why they remain involved in the College community, and why they think alumni retire to Williamsburg and other college towns. The folder contains a summary of the conversation as well as short biographies of the four narrators.","Lynn Wolfe works in administration at Child Development and speaks about the fundraising efforts of CDR as well as CDR's connection with insurance companies, public schools, and the community in general. She also speaks about her time at William and Mary and her reasons for living in Williamsburg. The folder contains a summary and index of the interview.","Timothy Wolfe work in the College of William and Mary Admissions Office. He previously worked at Walsingham Academy for two years in the early 2000s as their Director of College Counseling. He speaks about enjoying his time at Walsingham, his experiences as a non-Catholic staff member, and the perception of Walsingham in the community. The folder contains a summary and index of the interview.","Kris Yeager is a student at William and Mary. He speaks about his childhood and family as well as his gymnastics career as part of the Varsity gymnastics team at William and Mary. He discusses his struggles with gymnastics due to medical issues and his future as part of Teach for America in Las Vegas. The folder contains and index and transcript of the interview.","Folder contains brief biographies of the students taking part in the Williamsburg Documentary Project (WDP) in 2013.","WDP student Sarah Cate-Pizarro's final project on ghost lore and ghost tours in Williamsburg. The folder contains copy and description of a survey map of Williamsburg, several advertisements for various ghost tours, and a research paper.","The folder contains a research paper on responses to the Affordable Care Act (ACA) in Williamsburg and excerpts from the Virginia Gazette on national health care reform.","Folder contains a research paper on Big Brothers Big Sisters of Williamsburg.","The folder contains various articles, studies, and webpages about Big Brothers Big Sisters printed out as well as various documents from the organization.","The folder contains various program guides for Colonial Williamsburg, an article by Rohald Broude about music in Colonial Williamsburg in Early Music America, and a research paper about the Governor's Musick in Colonial Williamsburg.","The folder contains a research paper about Walsingham Academy.","The folder contains a research paper about youth athletics in Williamsburg","The folder contains a research paper about William and Mary alumni retiring in Williamsburg.","Folder contains a research paper on the evolution of the Williamsburg-James City County School System.","The folder contains a research paper about Child Developent Resources (CDR) in Williamsburg.","The folder contains a written description of student Rachel Quinones's map diary project which details a map of her day.","Folder contains several maps and a reflective essay.","Folder contains maps and relfective essay.","Folder contains maps and a reflective essay.","Folder contains maps and a reflective essay.","Folder contains a map and a reflective essay.","Folder contains maps and a reflective essay.","Folder contains maps and a reflective essay.","Folder contains maps and a reflective essay.","Folder contains a variety of research papers on various topics in Williamsburg such as the LGBTQ community, downtown Williamsburg, the WCWM-FM which is William and Mary's radio station, alternative education, agriculture, local food, the Catholic community, Gene Nichol who is the 26th president of the College of William and Mary, racism inx the mid-20th century, and Meridian Coffeehouse.","The folder contains maps and reflective essays.","Folder contains a research paper on the Temple Beth El and Jewish community of Williamsburg.","The folder contains a research report on Williamsburg 2009 3-person rule zoning ordinance.","The folder contains a research paper on the Kingsmill gated community and overall perceptions of gated communities in Williamsburg.","Folder contains a research on the Magruder community which was displaced when Camp Peary was established. Additionally, the folder contains copies of relevant photographs and reports.","Mr. Boelt's family has a long history in Williamsburg and as a history buff he has a great deal of knowledge of the Williamsburg area, especially surrounding William and Mary. He speaks about how Williamsburg has changed, specifically in relation to the three person zoning rule and the transition of his childhood home on Richmond Ave. becoming a rental. The folder contains an index and transcript of the interview.","Chris Connolly serves on the City Planning Commission fot the city government and the branch that enforces the three-person rule. The folder contains a summary and index of the interview.","Mrs. Fleck speaks about her history as a military wife before coming to Williamsburg and running the Applewood Bed and Breakfast. She also discussed being a newcomer to the hospitality industry, the relationship between the Bed and Breakfast Network and the local government, and the importance of an internet prescence and marketing. The folder contains a summary, index, and transcrip of the interview.","Mr. Goddin is a vocal opponent of the three-person zoning rule and advocated for an expansion to four people. He speaks about the tension at the time (late 2000s), his arrival in Williamsburg, his neighborhood through the years, his thoughts on current compromises to the rule, his position as a homeowner, and his perspectives on how to move forward balancing student and resident concerns. The folder contains a summary and index of the interview.","Bruce Larson is a civilian working for the Department of Defense (Navy) as the Senior Archaeologist and Cultural Resources Branch Head for Naval Facilities Engineering Command (NAVFAC). Mr. Larson speaks about his education, career, the value of interdisciplinary methodology when working with cultural resources, and the 1966 National Historic Preservation Act. The folder contains an index and transcript of the interview as well as a copy of Mr. Larson's curriculum vitae.","Mr. McGurk is a media correspondent for Kingsmill United. He speaks on how he came to Williamsburg, his experience as a Kingsmill resident, and the history of Kingsmill. The folder contains an index and transcript of the interview.","Tyler Morris currently lives at Fred Boelt's childhood home and sheds some light on how the property is used today and what the surrounding neighborhood is like. Tyler discusses her experience with the property, the neighborhood, the three-person rule, and Williamsburg in general. The folder contains a summary and index of the interview.","Amanda Morrow currently lives at CityGreen Apartments on Richmond Rd. and currently violates the three-person rule. She discusses her previous housing in Williamsburg, her reasons for moving off-campus, her current living situation, and the three-person rule more broadly. The folder contains an index and transcript of the interview.","Samuel Powell is a retired judge who discusess his work witht he Powhatan statue outside the courthouse and the Atlantic community concept that should be completed with two additional statues in the newr future. He speaks of the history of James City County courthouses as well as his involvement with Anheuser-Busch when he worked in private practice as a lawyer in Williamsburg, VA. The folder contains an index and transcript of the interview.","Caroline Raschbaum speaks about her experiences being born and growing up in a household with two opposing religions, finding a passion for Judaism at a young age, Judaism in Williamsburg, the concept of diaspora, and safe spaces for Jews in Williamsburg. The folder contains an index and transcript for the interview.","Folder contains maps and written reports.","The folder contains a research paper on hispanic communities in Williamsburg as well as an adult student registration form and a document from William and Mary written in Spanish.","The folder contains a research paper on the exstence of homelessness in relation to Williamsburg, Virginia's tourist economy.","The folder contains a research paper on protesters in Williamsburg as well as an NAACP brochure, copies of posters for Black Lives Matter, a message on a task force on Preventing Sexual Assult and Harrassment, a program for the Lemon Project Spring Symposium titled \"Ghosts of Slavery: The Afterlives of Racial Bondage\", and a CD.","The folder contains a research paper on bicycling in Williamsburg, a series of printed emails on bicycling in Williamsburg, a pamphlet for the ride cycling club at the YMCA, a series of printed letters requesting interviews, The Williamsburg, James City, and York regional bicycle facilities plan from 1997, printed slides from March 26, 2015 WATA Transit Riders Advisory Committee, amap of James City County, a pamphlet for BikeBeat, the Flying Wheel newsletter from April 2015, several more pamphlets on where to ride bikes in the area, and a syllabus for a class on bicycling basics from William and Mary.","The folder contains a research paper on public housing in Williamsburg, a copy of an application for admission to the public housing system, and a copy of a residential lease agreement that all tenants of the WRHA musst sign.","The folder contains a research paper on the influence of bus drivers on their students.","The folder contains a research paper on food security in Grove, Virginia.","Mr. Briggs speaks about growing up in Williamsburg, his medical diagnosis that left him unable to work, and his residence in public housing, specifically the Katherine Circle Apartments. The folder contains a summary and index of the interview.","Ms. Burton works for the Williamsburg Redevelopment and Housing Authority (WRHA) and speaks on the mission of the WRHA, the process of applying to public housing with the WRHA, how the lease works, and her feelings on the structure of the public housing system. The folder contains an index and transcript of the interview.","Lamar Gray is a 21-year old man who grew up and currently resides in Grove. He speaks on how he ate when he was a wrestler, how he eats now, how he eats healthy, and how he thinks about food. The folder contains an index of the interview.","Ms. Heard speaks about her childhood in \"White City\", her various professions, her relationship with Colonial Williamsburg, and her experiences as a union organizer and protestor. The folder contains an index and transcript of the interview.","Terry Jones is a resident of a public housing complex managed by the Williamsburg Redevelopment and Housing Authority (WRHA). They speak about their life history and experiences with housing. The folder contains an index and transcript of the interview.","Dorcas Juarez discusses her life in Williamsburg at church, at work, and about the challenges and discrimination that comes from speaking little English. She also speaks about her family, the Latino community, and her journey from El Salvador to Williamsburg. The interview is primarily in Spanish. The folder contains a summary and index of the interview, both in English.","Fred Liggin is a pastor at the Williamsburg Christian Church and the founder and president of 3E Restoration which uses mutual relationships to equip and empower homeless individuals to transition to self-sufficiency in everyday life. Mr. Liggin speaks about poverty and homelessness in Williamsburg, his hope for creating systemic change, and his belief that college students can/ have a powerful voice in changing the conversation surrounding homelessness. The folder contains an index and transcript of the interview.","Grace Martien discusses riding the Williamsburg James City County school bus from when she began middle school in 2006  through her senior year of high school. She mainly speaks about her interactions and relationships with bus drivers and the social stratification evident on the bus itself. The folder contains an index and transcript of the summary.","Reed Nester is the director of City Planning and discusses how he has changed bicycling in Williamsburg over the last 20 years, his daily commute to and from work, and his involvement with planning out bicycle paths and lanes in Williamsburg. The folder contains a summary, index, and transcript of the interview.","Robert and Sharon own a bike shop called Red Barn Bikes in New Kent County. They discuss their time biking in Williamsburg, their beilief that James City County is not working with bicyclists, their belief that Capital Trail is essential to growing the biking community, and the reasons they opened up their bicycle shop. The folder contains a summary and index of the interview.","Sam Smith speaks about Williamsburg's Office of Real Estate Assessment, the city's property values, and how those values are assigned. The folder contains an index and transcript of the interview.","Brenda Tejada discusses her life in Williamsburg at work, with systems like social services, and the overall difficulties she faces from being Latino. She talks about her family the Latino community, and her journey from El Salvador to Williamsburg. The interview is in both English and Spanish. The folder contains an index (in English) and a transcript (in a mix of English and Spanish) of the interview.","Rich Thompson discusses his time bicycling in Williamsburg, his involvement with cyclists at the College of William and Mary. He also speaks about his personal reasons for commuting to and from work via bicycle each day. The folder contains a summary and index of the interview.","Mary Turnbull is a bicyclist in Williamsburg and a founding member of the Williamsburg Area Bicyclists. Miss. Turnbull speaks about her experiences commuting between her home in York County and her job as a librarian at Lafayette High School and the importance of bike safety. The folder contains a summary and index of the interview.","Mrs. Little is a historian and daughter of Reverend Archibald F. Ward, Jr. who advocated on behalf of the displaced citizens of Magruder.","Corinne Garland spoke about her work at Williamsburg Preschool for Special Children, her experiences at Child Development Resources, and educational legislation concerning children with disabilities in public schools. This folder contains an index and transcript of the interview.","This interview was conducted by Andrew Cotman and was indexed by Marriya Schwarz with audio management by Nicholas DeAtley. The interview was later transcribed by Nicholas DeAtley, Marriya Schwarz, and Andrew Cotman. The interview took place during the afternoon of 3/15/18 in the third floor 311 classroom of the College of William and Mary American Studies building, located on 114 North Boundary Street Apt Williamsburg, VA 23185, using a Zoom H-1 Handy Voice Recorder. Overall the quality of the interview is very clear, however the volume of the interview was a little low. There was a little interference due to an AC unit turning on and off which may have obstructed slightly the clearness and volume of Ms. Bell's voice. Also, there was an interference early on in the interview because Ms. Bell's microphone detached from her jacket. During the interview, Barbara Bell discussed her experiences in various school systems, like Richmond Public Schools, Fairfax County Public Schools, Department of Defense Schools, and the Medina City School District, during her 35 years of teaching. She reflected on her experiences teaching students with varying socioeconomic statuses. Throughout the interview, she made references to the power of having diversity throughout the classroom, and the joy that she has gained from teaching. Towards the end of the interview, she discussed her work with homeless student populations and a program that she created, called Diversity-In-Actions that promotes knowledge of African-American culture. For clarity, the transcribers have eliminated ever \"um\" and \"uh\" from the transcription.","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team.","This interview was conducted by Andrew Cotman and was indexed by Marriya Schwarz with audio management by Nicholas DeAtley. The interview was later transcribed by Nicholas DeAtley, Marriya Schwarz, and Andrew Cotman. The interview took place during the afternoon of 3/15/18 in the third floor 311 classroom of the College of William and Mary American Studies building, located on 114 North Boundary Street Apt Williamsburg, VA 23185, using a Zoom H-1 Handy Voice Recorder. Overall the quality of the interview is very clear, however the volume of the interview was a little low. There was a little interference due to an AC unit turning on and off which may have obstructed slightly the clearness and volume of Ms. Bell's voice. Also, there was an interference early on in the interview because Ms. Bell's microphone detached from her jacket. During the interview, Barbara Bell discussed her experiences in various school systems, like Richmond Public Schools, Fairfax County Public Schools, Department of Defense Schools, and the Medina City School District, during her 35 years of teaching. She reflected on her experiences teaching students with varying socioeconomic statuses. Throughout the interview, she made references to the power of having diversity throughout the classroom, and the joy that she has gained from teaching. Towards the end of the interview, she discussed her work with homeless student populations and a program that she created, called Diversity-In-Actions that promotes knowledge of African-American culture. For clarity, the transcribers have eliminated ever \"um\" and \"uh\" from the transcription.","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team.","We interviewed Dr. Byrd-Poller on Tuesday, February 20th, 2018 in the upstairs classroom in the\ncollege apartments. Besides two brief distractions (one from a man hoping to print some papers\nand the other when we needed to get Dr. Byrd-Poller some water), the interview continued\nuninterrupted. We began by discussing her own experience growing up in the Williamsburg-\nJames City County school system and her children's experiences and how practices have\nchanged over time. We then began discussion of her twisting career path that eventually led her\nto her current position as Director of Human Resources at Thomas Nelson Community College.\nOne topic that was particularly relevant throughout the interview was the issue of diversity in her\nown schooling experience, her children's, and today as she plays a large role in hiring\nprospective staff.","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","We interviewed Dr. Byrd-Poller on Tuesday, February 20th, 2018 in the upstairs classroom in the\ncollege apartments. Besides two brief distractions (one from a man hoping to print some papers\nand the other when we needed to get Dr. Byrd-Poller some water), the interview continued\nuninterrupted. We began by discussing her own experience growing up in the Williamsburg-\nJames City County school system and her children's experiences and how practices have\nchanged over time. We then began discussion of her twisting career path that eventually led her\nto her current position as Director of Human Resources at Thomas Nelson Community College.\nOne topic that was particularly relevant throughout the interview was the issue of diversity in her\nown schooling experience, her children's, and today as she plays a large role in hiring\nprospective staff.","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","This interview was conducted by Shainir Bearfield and was indexed by Nicholas DeAtley with\naudio management done as well by Nicholas DeAtley. Nicholas DeAtley and Shainir Bearfield\nlater transcribed the interview together. The interview took place at 3:30 p.m. of March 23rd of\n2018, at the Land Tech Resources Inc. building located on 3925 Midlands road located in\nWilliamsburg, Virginia 23188 using a Zoom H-1 Handy Voice Recorder. Overall the quality of\nthe interview is very clear and all audio equipment worked extremely well. Interviewed was Lisa\nOwnby who serves as the Vice Chair of the Williainsburg James City County School board. She\nis also appointed as head of the special education advisory committee within the school board\nsystem. During the interview Lisa Ownby discusses how her relationship with her brother\nunfortunately suffering from numerous disabilities impacted her life choices and career path.\nThroughout the interview she discusses her early volunteering with Special Olympics eventually\nleading to her eventual work at Child Development Resources funded by the U.S. Department of\nEducation. Lisa Ownby in this interview offers her point of view on several facets of the\nWilliainsburg James City County Public school system. First and foremost she offers her\nperspective on funding of special education on a local, state and national level. This interview\nwas an excellent way to see how those working within the school board view the production of\nthe special education system and of what issues are taking place in the system in regards to\nfunding. Throughout this interview for clarity, the transcribers have eliminated \"um\" and \"uh\"\nfrom the transcription.","The content of this note came from the headnote created by the interview team. ","This interview was conducted by Shainir Bearfield and was indexed by Nicholas DeAtley with\naudio management done as well by Nicholas DeAtley. Nicholas DeAtley and Shainir Bearfield\nlater transcribed the interview together. The interview took place at 3:30 p.m. of March 23rd of\n2018, at the Land Tech Resources Inc. building located on 3925 Midlands road located in\nWilliamsburg, Virginia 23188 using a Zoom H-1 Handy Voice Recorder. Overall the quality of\nthe interview is very clear and all audio equipment worked extremely well. Interviewed was Lisa\nOwnby who serves as the Vice Chair of the Williainsburg James City County School board. She\nis also appointed as head of the special education advisory committee within the school board\nsystem. During the interview Lisa Ownby discusses how her relationship with her brother\nunfortunately suffering from numerous disabilities impacted her life choices and career path.\nThroughout the interview she discusses her early volunteering with Special Olympics eventually\nleading to her eventual work at Child Development Resources funded by the U.S. Department of\nEducation. Lisa Ownby in this interview offers her point of view on several facets of the\nWilliainsburg James City County Public school system. First and foremost she offers her\nperspective on funding of special education on a local, state and national level. This interview\nwas an excellent way to see how those working within the school board view the production of\nthe special education system and of what issues are taking place in the system in regards to\nfunding. Throughout this interview for clarity, the transcribers have eliminated \"um\" and \"uh\"\nfrom the transcription.","The content of this note came from the headnote created by the interview team. ","This interview was conducted by Shainir Bearfield and was indexed by Nicholas DeAtley with\naudio management done as well by Nicholas DeAtley. Nicholas DeAtley and Shainir Bearfield\nlater transcribed the interview together. The interview took place at 3:30 p.m. of March 23rd of\n2018, at the Land Tech Resources Inc. building located on 3925 Midlands road located in\nWilliamsburg, Virginia 23188 using a Zoom H-1 Handy Voice Recorder. Overall the quality of\nthe interview is very clear and all audio equipment worked extremely well. Interviewed was Lisa\nOwnby who serves as the Vice Chair of the Williainsburg James City County School board. She\nis also appointed as head of the special education advisory committee within the school board\nsystem. During the interview Lisa Ownby discusses how her relationship with her brother\nunfortunately suffering from numerous disabilities impacted her life choices and career path.\nThroughout the interview she discusses her early volunteering with Special Olympics eventually\nleading to her eventual work at Child Development Resources funded by the U.S. Department of\nEducation. Lisa Ownby in this interview offers her point of view on several facets of the\nWilliainsburg James City County Public school system. First and foremost she offers her\nperspective on funding of special education on a local, state and national level. This interview\nwas an excellent way to see how those working within the school board view the production of\nthe special education system and of what issues are taking place in the system in regards to\nfunding. Throughout this interview for clarity, the transcribers have eliminated \"um\" and \"uh\"\nfrom the transcription.","The content of this note came from the headnote created by the interview team. ","I interviewed Jennifer Albarracin at the William and Mary Barnes and Noble on Saturday, April\n7. We were originally meeting to interview Elias Martinez, a father of English Language\nLearning students in WJCC schools. However, by some miscommunication, even though he\narrived at the bookstore, we were never able to find each other. I'm guessing it was an issue with\nparking. After waiting an hour, I interviewed Jennifer. We discussed her own experience\ngrowing up in Fairfax, Virginia with the label of\"ESL\" and how it drove her towards academic\nsuccess because she wanted to leave behind the term \"ESL\" as an identifier. We also touched on\nher parents' interactions with the school system and how her relationship with her parents was\nstrained by communication barriers. Today, Jennifer is a William and Mary student, minoring in\nLatin American studies in order to learn more about her own roots. The background noise is\nrelatively loud throughout the interview, but the recording is still understandable. Although she\ndoes state her name as Jennifer Albarracin Moya in the recording, most of the time she goes by\nsolely her first last name, Albarracin, and so I decided to refer to her as Jennifer Albarracin after\nconsulting her preferences.","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","I interviewed Jennifer Albarracin at the William and Mary Barnes and Noble on Saturday, April\n7. We were originally meeting to interview Elias Martinez, a father of English Language\nLearning students in WJCC schools. However, by some miscommunication, even though he\narrived at the bookstore, we were never able to find each other. I'm guessing it was an issue with\nparking. After waiting an hour, I interviewed Jennifer. We discussed her own experience\ngrowing up in Fairfax, Virginia with the label of\"ESL\" and how it drove her towards academic\nsuccess because she wanted to leave behind the term \"ESL\" as an identifier. We also touched on\nher parents' interactions with the school system and how her relationship with her parents was\nstrained by communication barriers. Today, Jennifer is a William and Mary student, minoring in\nLatin American studies in order to learn more about her own roots. The background noise is\nrelatively loud throughout the interview, but the recording is still understandable. Although she\ndoes state her name as Jennifer Albarracin Moya in the recording, most of the time she goes by\nsolely her first last name, Albarracin, and so I decided to refer to her as Jennifer Albarracin after\nconsulting her preferences.","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","I interviewed Dr. Barko-Alva on Wednesday, March 21 in Swem library in a group study lounge\non the first floor (this gives reference for the occasional muffled voices in the background).\nEarlier in the day weren't sure if the interview was going to happen because it was snowy, but\nwe did end up completing the interview. We discussed Dr. Barko-Alava's educational\nbackground, beginning with her high school experience in Peru to finishing high school in the\nU.S. and going on to succeed at the University of Florida. She began teaching English her junior\nyear of college and once she graduated, she worked in the local public-school system. Dr. Barko-Alva\nwent back to UF to earn her Master's and Ph.D, and finally found herself at William and\nMary. We also discussed her involvement in educational activist work in Virginia and her\nexperiences 'in the Williamsburg-James City County school system. There were a few sections of\nthe narrative that were removed at the request of the narrator for various reasons including a\nconfidential conversation Dr. Barko-Alva is not at liberty to reveal. However, none of the deleted\nsections were crucial to the narrative being recounted.","The content of this note comes from the headnote created by the interview team. ","I interviewed Dr. Barko-Alva on Wednesday, March 21 in Swem library in a group study lounge\non the first floor (this gives reference for the occasional muffled voices in the background).\nEarlier in the day weren't sure if the interview was going to happen because it was snowy, but\nwe did end up completing the interview. We discussed Dr. Barko-Alava's educational\nbackground, beginning with her high school experience in Peru to finishing high school in the\nU.S. and going on to succeed at the University of Florida. She began teaching English her junior\nyear of college and once she graduated, she worked in the local public-school system. Dr. Barko-Alva\nwent back to UF to earn her Master's and Ph.D, and finally found herself at William and\nMary. We also discussed her involvement in educational activist work in Virginia and her\nexperiences 'in the Williamsburg-James City County school system. There were a few sections of\nthe narrative that were removed at the request of the narrator for various reasons including a\nconfidential conversation Dr. Barko-Alva is not at liberty to reveal. However, none of the deleted\nsections were crucial to the narrative being recounted.","The content of this note comes from the headnote created by the interview team. ","I interviewed Ms. Laura Carver on Tuesday, March 20 at her office in Hornsby Middle School.\nUnfortunately, a small portion of the oral history was lost because the voice recorder's memory\ncard filled up, and I did not notice it until after she was done responding to my question.\nHowever, the unrecorded section could not have been much longer than two or three minutes.\nMs. Carver is an English as a Second Language teacher in the WJCC school system and has been\nsince 2015, so we began the interview with a brief overview of her day-to-day interactions with\nEnglish Language Leaners and their parents. We also discussed her educational background and\nher experience working as a missionary and how both impact her interpretation of her role as an\nESL teacher. We ended the interview discussing the challenges of ESL education, specifically in\nthe local area, faced by the ELL students, their teachers, their families and guardians, and WJCC\nschool system .and a few possible ways to better address those challenges in the future. There\nwere three separate sections that were removed at the request of the Ms. Carver and they are\nnoted in the transcript. Nothing crucial to the slory line of her narrative was lost by these\ndeletions.","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","I interviewed Ms. Laura Carver on Tuesday, March 20 at her office in Hornsby Middle School.\nUnfortunately, a small portion of the oral history was lost because the voice recorder's memory\ncard filled up, and I did not notice it until after she was done responding to my question.\nHowever, the unrecorded section could not have been much longer than two or three minutes.\nMs. Carver is an English as a Second Language teacher in the WJCC school system and has been\nsince 2015, so we began the interview with a brief overview of her day-to-day interactions with\nEnglish Language Leaners and their parents. We also discussed her educational background and\nher experience working as a missionary and how both impact her interpretation of her role as an\nESL teacher. We ended the interview discussing the challenges of ESL education, specifically in\nthe local area, faced by the ELL students, their teachers, their families and guardians, and WJCC\nschool system .and a few possible ways to better address those challenges in the future. There\nwere three separate sections that were removed at the request of the Ms. Carver and they are\nnoted in the transcript. Nothing crucial to the slory line of her narrative was lost by these\ndeletions.","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","I interviewed Ms. Laura Carver on Tuesday, March 20 at her office in Hornsby Middle School.\nUnfortunately, a small portion of the oral history was lost because the voice recorder's memory\ncard filled up, and I did not notice it until after she was done responding to my question.\nHowever, the unrecorded section could not have been much longer than two or three minutes.\nMs. Carver is an English as a Second Language teacher in the WJCC school system and has been\nsince 2015, so we began the interview with a brief overview of her day-to-day interactions with\nEnglish Language Leaners and their parents. We also discussed her educational background and\nher experience working as a missionary and how both impact her interpretation of her role as an\nESL teacher. We ended the interview discussing the challenges of ESL education, specifically in\nthe local area, faced by the ELL students, their teachers, their families and guardians, and WJCC\nschool system .and a few possible ways to better address those challenges in the future. There\nwere three separate sections that were removed at the request of the Ms. Carver and they are\nnoted in the transcript. Nothing crucial to the slory line of her narrative was lost by these\ndeletions.","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","I sent these questions sent to Dr. Patricia Tilghman by email, which explains the odd formatting\nof this document. Her responses follow each bolded question. Dr. Tilghman gave me an\noverview of the ESL program in WJCC schools as well as information about her own\nbackground in ESL education. She also discussed a few of the largest challenges WJCC schools\nface in engaging parents of ESL students. Informed consent was received through email. I have\nprinted that out, along with a Deed of Gift.","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","This interview was conducted and later indexed by Marriya Schwarz. The interview took place \nduring the evening of 4.4.18 at the College of William \u0026 Mary's Swem Library in Group Study\nRoom 235, using a Zoom H-1 Handy Voice Recorder. Overall, the quality of the interview is\nfairly clear. There is some interference due to people talking and playing music loudly over in\nthe next room. During the interview, Alexis Brender A. Brandis discussed her experiences as an\nathlete. She has been involved with Track \u0026 Field, gymnastics, and Tae Kwon Do. She went on\nto discuss some of her experiences as a current member of the College of William \u0026 Mary's\nTrack \u0026 Field team. She reflected on her experiences with various Williamsburg-James City\nCounty Schools and discussed different experiences with teachers. Towards the end of the\ninterview, she discussed her relationship with her family, namely her unofficial \"adoptive\nbrother,\" Ramon, her experiences so far as a sophomore at the College of William \u0026 Mary, and\nher experiences with having a connection to both the Williamsburg community and the College.","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","This interview was conducted and later indexed by Marriya Schwarz. The interview took place \nduring the evening of 4.4.18 at the College of William \u0026 Mary's Swem Library in Group Study\nRoom 235, using a Zoom H-1 Handy Voice Recorder. Overall, the quality of the interview is\nfairly clear. There is some interference due to people talking and playing music loudly over in\nthe next room. During the interview, Alexis Brender A. Brandis discussed her experiences as an\nathlete. She has been involved with Track \u0026 Field, gymnastics, and Tae Kwon Do. She went on\nto discuss some of her experiences as a current member of the College of William \u0026 Mary's\nTrack \u0026 Field team. She reflected on her experiences with various Williamsburg-James City\nCounty Schools and discussed different experiences with teachers. Towards the end of the\ninterview, she discussed her relationship with her family, namely her unofficial \"adoptive\nbrother,\" Ramon, her experiences so far as a sophomore at the College of William \u0026 Mary, and\nher experiences with having a connection to both the Williamsburg community and the College.","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","This interview was conducted by Marriya Schwarz and indexed by Brenna Cowardin. The\ninterview was later transcribed by Marriya Schwarz. The interview took place during the evening\nof 4/12/18 in front of theater at the Williamsburg Regional Library on Scotland Street, using a\nZoom H-1 Handy Voice Recorder. Overall, the quality of the interview is fairly clear, but the\nvolume is somewhat low. There is some interference due to people filing in and out of the\nWilliamsburg Library, but the audio still can be heard. During the interview, Sylvia Shearin\nWillis discussed her experiences with education within Williamsburg-James City County\nSchools, primarily her experiences with Bruton Heights School and later James Blair High\nSchool after integration in 1966. She reflected on the differences between the two schools. She\nalso discussed her experiences with the different teaching at both schools and minority teaching.\nTowards the end of the interview, she also discussed her experiences with historically black\ncolleges, as well as the educational experiences of her two daughters. For clarity and as\nrequested by the narrator, the transcriber has eliminated every \"um,\" \"uh,\" and \"like\" from the\ntranscription.","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team.","This interview was conducted by Marriya Schwarz and indexed by Brenna Cowardin. The\ninterview was later transcribed by Marriya Schwarz. The interview took place during the evening\nof 4/12/18 in front of theater at the Williamsburg Regional Library on Scotland Street, using a\nZoom H-1 Handy Voice Recorder. Overall, the quality of the interview is fairly clear, but the\nvolume is somewhat low. There is some interference due to people filing in and out of the\nWilliamsburg Library, but the audio still can be heard. During the interview, Sylvia Shearin\nWillis discussed her experiences with education within Williamsburg-James City County\nSchools, primarily her experiences with Bruton Heights School and later James Blair High\nSchool after integration in 1966. She reflected on the differences between the two schools. She\nalso discussed her experiences with the different teaching at both schools and minority teaching.\nTowards the end of the interview, she also discussed her experiences with historically black\ncolleges, as well as the educational experiences of her two daughters. For clarity and as\nrequested by the narrator, the transcriber has eliminated every \"um,\" \"uh,\" and \"like\" from the\ntranscription.","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team.","I interviewed Shamir Bearfield at Swem Library, located rather centrally on the William and Mary campus, in group study room 118. This room is located on the quieter side of the first floor of Swem, and we were therefore able converse without interruption throughout the interview. The interview focused on Shamir's educational experiences growing up, particularly his movement from public to private school and the influence of football on his academic career. We also discussed his transition from a public middle school to a private high school and how that better prepared him for college at William and Mary.","The content of this note comes directly from the headnote created by the interview team. ","I interviewed Shamir Bearfield at Swem Library, located rather centrally on the William and Mary campus, in group study room 118. This room is located on the quieter side of the first floor of Swem, and we were therefore able converse without interruption throughout the interview. The interview focused on Shamir's educational experiences growing up, particularly his movement from public to private school and the influence of football on his academic career. We also discussed his transition from a public middle school to a private high school and how that better prepared him for college at William and Mary.","The content of this note comes directly from the headnote created by the interview team. ","I interviewed Shamir Bearfield at Swem Library, located rather centrally on the William and Mary campus, in group study room 118. This room is located on the quieter side of the first floor of Swem, and we were therefore able converse without interruption throughout the interview. The interview focused on Shamir's educational experiences growing up, particularly his movement from public to private school and the influence of football on his academic career. We also discussed his transition from a public middle school to a private high school and how that better prepared him for college at William and Mary.","The content of this note comes directly from the headnote created by the interview team. ","This interview was conducted by Marriya Schwarz with Nicholas DeAtley indexing during the interview. Marriya Schwarz later transcribed the entire interview. The interview took place in the afternoon of 2/6/18 in the College Apartments where the American Studies Department is located at the College of William \u0026 Mary in Williamsburg, VA. During the interview, Andrew Cotman discussed his experiences growing up in Henrico, Virginia. He described his experience with education starting from elementary school to now, where he is currently a senior at the College of William \u0026 Mary. For clarity, I have eliminated every \"um\" and \"uh.\"","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","This interview was conducted by Marriya Schwarz with Nicholas DeAtley indexing during the interview. Marriya Schwarz later transcribed the entire interview. The interview took place in the afternoon of 2/6/18 in the College Apartments where the American Studies Department is located at the College of William \u0026 Mary in Williamsburg, VA. During the interview, Andrew Cotman discussed his experiences growing up in Henrico, Virginia. He described his experience with education starting from elementary school to now, where he is currently a senior at the College of William \u0026 Mary. For clarity, I have eliminated every \"um\" and \"uh.\"","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","This interview was conducted by Marriya Schwarz with Nicholas DeAtley indexing during the interview. Marriya Schwarz later transcribed the entire interview. The interview took place in the afternoon of 2/6/18 in the College Apartments where the American Studies Department is located at the College of William \u0026 Mary in Williamsburg, VA. During the interview, Andrew Cotman discussed his experiences growing up in Henrico, Virginia. He described his experience with education starting from elementary school to now, where he is currently a senior at the College of William \u0026 Mary. For clarity, I have eliminated every \"um\" and \"uh.\"","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","The interview with Brenna Cowardin was recorded on a Tuesday afternoon in a group study room in Earl Greg Swem Library on the William \u0026 Mary Campus. Other than our voices, the room was quiet because the door was closed. The room was lined with windows in Brenna's line of sight, which showed students walking around study tables and talking. The only other person in the room was the indexer, Shamir Bearfield. Brenna has a passion education, especially for students who are learning English as a Second Language (ESL). Brenna talks about her interest in education as she reflects on her own experience in the Harrisonburg city public schools in Virginia. Although she has no current plans for entering the educational field, she hopes to use her acquisition of the Spanish language to bridge the gaps for these students and their families in the American public education system. ","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","The interview with Brenna Cowardin was recorded on a Tuesday afternoon in a group study room in Earl Greg Swem Library on the William \u0026 Mary Campus. Other than our voices, the room was quiet because the door was closed. The room was lined with windows in Brenna's line of sight, which showed students walking around study tables and talking. The only other person in the room was the indexer, Shamir Bearfield. Brenna has a passion education, especially for students who are learning English as a Second Language (ESL). Brenna talks about her interest in education as she reflects on her own experience in the Harrisonburg city public schools in Virginia. Although she has no current plans for entering the educational field, she hopes to use her acquisition of the Spanish language to bridge the gaps for these students and their families in the American public education system. ","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","The interview with Brenna Cowardin was recorded on a Tuesday afternoon in a group study room in Earl Greg Swem Library on the William \u0026 Mary Campus. Other than our voices, the room was quiet because the door was closed. The room was lined with windows in Brenna's line of sight, which showed students walking around study tables and talking. The only other person in the room was the indexer, Shamir Bearfield. Brenna has a passion education, especially for students who are learning English as a Second Language (ESL). Brenna talks about her interest in education as she reflects on her own experience in the Harrisonburg city public schools in Virginia. Although she has no current plans for entering the educational field, she hopes to use her acquisition of the Spanish language to bridge the gaps for these students and their families in the American public education system. ","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","I interviewed Nicholas DeAtley in a classroom on the third floor of the William and Mary College Apartments building. Nicholas provides a brief yet, enlightening account of his life history. Nicholas discusses a wonderful history of his upbringing from being born in Colombia and brought to the United States at a very young age, to his wonderful childhood with his adoptive family, and his aspirations to play sports in college. ","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","I interviewed Nicholas DeAtley in a classroom on the third floor of the William and Mary College Apartments building. Nicholas provides a brief yet, enlightening account of his life history. Nicholas discusses a wonderful history of his upbringing from being born in Colombia and brought to the United States at a very young age, to his wonderful childhood with his adoptive family, and his aspirations to play sports in college. ","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","I interviewed Ms. Marriya Schwarz in the third floor 311 classroom of the William and Mary American Studies academic building, located on 114 North Boundary St. Williamsburg, VA 23185. This was my first time interviewing with the Zoom H-1 Handy Voice Recorder. Overall the quality of the interview is very clear, however the volume of the interview was a little low. This was Marriya's first time being interviewed so she was a little nervous despite some nerves, overall the interview went very well and was very natural. Marriya discusses in the interview where she is from and her upbringing. Detailed are her experiences growing up in Herndon, Virginia with her sister as well as her transition to high school where she excelled in many extracurricular activities. As a high school senior she also detailed many of her experiences transitioning from high school to college and the nerve wrecking college decision process that many seniors go through so often. Throughout my transcript I have decided to remove the majority of non-verbal utterances such as \"uh\" and \"um\" because it does not represent by my opinion an important aspect of Marriya's speaking style. I also felt it hindered the fluidity of the transcript as it occurred throughout the interview quite often. Marriya is a very academically focused person, who has garnered some very highly regarded awards from her scholastic work. Her ultimate goal is to become a screenwriter and intends to follow that passion after she graduates from the College of William and Mary.","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","I interviewed Ms. Marriya Schwarz in the third floor 311 classroom of the William and Mary American Studies academic building, located on 114 North Boundary St. Williamsburg, VA 23185. This was my first time interviewing with the Zoom H-1 Handy Voice Recorder. Overall the quality of the interview is very clear, however the volume of the interview was a little low. This was Marriya's first time being interviewed so she was a little nervous despite some nerves, overall the interview went very well and was very natural. Marriya discusses in the interview where she is from and her upbringing. Detailed are her experiences growing up in Herndon, Virginia with her sister as well as her transition to high school where she excelled in many extracurricular activities. As a high school senior she also detailed many of her experiences transitioning from high school to college and the nerve wrecking college decision process that many seniors go through so often. Throughout my transcript I have decided to remove the majority of non-verbal utterances such as \"uh\" and \"um\" because it does not represent by my opinion an important aspect of Marriya's speaking style. I also felt it hindered the fluidity of the transcript as it occurred throughout the interview quite often. Marriya is a very academically focused person, who has garnered some very highly regarded awards from her scholastic work. Her ultimate goal is to become a screenwriter and intends to follow that passion after she graduates from the College of William and Mary.","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","I interviewed Ms. Marriya Schwarz in the third floor 311 classroom of the William and Mary American Studies academic building, located on 114 North Boundary St. Williamsburg, VA 23185. This was my first time interviewing with the Zoom H-1 Handy Voice Recorder. Overall the quality of the interview is very clear, however the volume of the interview was a little low. This was Marriya's first time being interviewed so she was a little nervous despite some nerves, overall the interview went very well and was very natural. Marriya discusses in the interview where she is from and her upbringing. Detailed are her experiences growing up in Herndon, Virginia with her sister as well as her transition to high school where she excelled in many extracurricular activities. As a high school senior she also detailed many of her experiences transitioning from high school to college and the nerve wrecking college decision process that many seniors go through so often. Throughout my transcript I have decided to remove the majority of non-verbal utterances such as \"uh\" and \"um\" because it does not represent by my opinion an important aspect of Marriya's speaking style. I also felt it hindered the fluidity of the transcript as it occurred throughout the interview quite often. Marriya is a very academically focused person, who has garnered some very highly regarded awards from her scholastic work. Her ultimate goal is to become a screenwriter and intends to follow that passion after she graduates from the College of William and Mary.","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","I interviewed Mr. Robert Braxton in the College Apartments, which is located on Boundary Street in Williamsburg, VA, in the office of the Williamsburg Documentary Project.  Mr. Braxton was very engaged with the topic and welcoming of any questions that we had for him.  He began his interview by drawing out a revised version of a map of the Triangle, which we drew a copy of.  Having grown up in the area surrounding the Triangle, Mr. Braxton had a valuable perspective on the area.  We covered topics regarding the businesses that were located on the Triangle, how the redevelopment project occurred, and the progress that Williamsburg is making today, in addition to Mr. Braxton's experience on City Council. ","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","I interviewed Steve Harris in College Apartments 5a, overlooking the businesses and traffic at the corner of Prince George Street and South Boundary Street. It was a nice day out and we were lucky that Mr. Harris, who was visiting from Michigan where he now spends much of his time, had lent of his limited time in Williamsburg to the WDP's research of the Triangle Block. The conversation spanned the pre-redevelopment, redevelopment, and post-redevelopment periods of the Triangle's history, starting from Mr. Harris's days at Marshall-Wythe Law School. Mr. Harris brought with him a series of printed-out aerial photographs of the Triangle which he refers to multiple times during the interview.","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","Samantha and I interviewed Mr. Parker in one of the conference rooms on the first floor of College Apartments. He brought along a large binder full of documents that he allowed us to make copies of later, so there are times throughout the recording and transcript that he pauses to look at his materials or pull out a piece for our use. We discovered him through his association with the Society of Friends of African American History, the group responsible for the monument at the Triangle, so a lot of our focus was on that. He also shared his personal feelings about redevelopment and other issues surrounding the history of African Americans in Williamsburg. Early in the interview, there is some confusion over where Mr. Parker was to sign on the informed consent form, so there are pauses as we examined the form.","The content of this note is taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","I, Kandace Kimber, and Francie Zidonis interviewed Tony Conyers in Adriene's office in the College Apartments. Unfortunately, the room wasn't sound proof and there were renovations being done in the hallway so there is some background noise that can be heard in recording. Conyers is a native to Williamsburg and has spent majority of his career in both local and federal government. During the interview we discuss his upbringing and adulthood in Williamsburg, his experience developing new initiatives for the citizens in the city, and what he envisions for Williamsburg and James City County in the future. ","The content of this note comes from the headnote created by the interview team. ","I interviewed former City Councilman Scott Foster in one of the offices on the second floor of the college apartments. It was a very comfortable and casual atmosphere and I believe Mr. Foster had no trouble expressing himself in that environment. Scott Foster was a former student at the College of William \u0026 Mary ('10) and the first student to be elected to the Williamsburg City Council serving from 2010-2018. He has now retired from the City Council and resides in Skipwith Farms with his wife, working at a local law firm. We spoke a lot about Foster's time at the college (as well as, the law school), affordability in Williamsburg, and his overall passion for the city.","The content of this note comes from the headnote created by the interview team. ","We interviewed Roy Gerardi and Tyrone Franklin in a small office in the Municipal Building, located at 401 Lafayette Street, on Friday, April 12. Mr. Gerardi could not stay for the duration of the interview, but before he was called out, he discussed his role in the Williamsburg Redevelopment and Housing Authority (WRHA), some of the programs available for low-income residents, and what he terms the \"five-fold reality\" of poverty. During his half of the interview, Mr. Franklin, the newly hired executive director for the WRHA, spoke about his experiences with affordable housing in his previous roles and his plans for Williamsburg moving forward.  ","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team.","I interviewed Albert and Liz Johnson in the living room of their home in the BrookHaven neighborhood, which is located off of Ironbound road in James City County. While both Al and Liz participated in the interview, only Al wore a microphone so many of Liz's contributions are quiet or difficult to hear. I have done my best to transcribe them accurately, but some of her comments were indistinguishable due to the distance. The Johnsons seemed happy to welcome us into their home and to speak with us about Brookhaven. They have participated in the Williamsburg Documentary Project in the past and are experienced interviewees among American Studies students. During the interview the Johnsons showed us plans for the neighborhood, documents from Al's restaurant career, and photographs of their restaurant. We discussed the history and milieu of Brookhaven and Al's role as a founder of the neighborhood and a local entrepreneur. ","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","I interviewed Mr. Small in a conference room in the Public Works and Utilities department of the Williamsburg Municipal Building, located off of Lafayette Street in Williamsburg, Virginia. Mr. Small is a Williamsburg native and the current city engineer. His father worked in city planning in Williamsburg and James City County as well, helping to develop neighborhoods like Newtown and Fords Colony. As someone who has lived here for almost his entire life, Mr. Small has developed an extensive interest in the history of the development of Williamsburg. Our interview covers a number of topics, including why Williamsburg and the surrounding areas began to expand and develop in the eighties and nineties, moving into the history of various neighborhoods and areas, and finishing with a better understanding about how various aspects of the environment affect the way the city is developed. Throughout the course of the interview, there are various references to Google Maps, which Mr. Small was showing us on a projector, and to a smaller map in the room of Williamsburg with the understanding that it looks like a turkey.","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","I interviewed Ms. Kandace Kimber in one of the Swem Library study rooms on the first floor (room 134C). The room was noticeably brighter than many of the surrounding rooms and areas and did somewhat disturb the individuals in the room. Kandace is a senior at the College and a Virginia native coming from Petersburg, VA. We spoke a lot about her living situation and went into great detail about her plans for the future. Kandace had a very relaxed demeanor and if she was nervous for the interview, one could not tell. A variety of topics were touched on during the interview concerning Kandace's personal life goals, about which she seemed very keen to talk about. ","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","I interviewed Ms. Resha in her office in the College Apartmnets, located on South Boundary Street in Williamsburg, VA. This is a practice interview for class, my second time every interviewing someone and my first time leading an interview on my own. Ms. Resha is 24 years old and a graduate student in the American Studies department, and the Teaching Assistant for our class. She studies Arab and Muslim representation in comic books. We discussed her research to some extent, but also focused a lot on her sense of what home has meant to her at varying points in her life. Ms. Resha considers herself to be \"from\" Florida, but has also lived in a number of places like Alabama, Charlottesville, VA, and Williamsburg.","The content of this note comes from the headnote created by the interview team. ","I interviewed Brenna Thanner in a Swem library study room (134c), adjacent to the computer lab. We were the first in our group to interview. The room we were in was a comfortable size but the fluorescent overhead lights were extremely bright and hot. In the interview, I primarily ask Brenna about her family home in Jacksonville, Florida and her experiences in Williamsburg.","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","I interviewed Francie Zidonis in College Apartments (114 N Boundary Street) room 224 the evening of Sunday, February 24th, 2019. By the time we had finished this interview, it was dark outside. The narrator, indexer, and myself had each already participated in two other practice interviews prior to conducting this interview. There is no remarkable outside noise; however, there are occasionally moments when laughter overwhelms the interview. We discussed Francie's hometown, Columbus, Ohio, and Williamsburg, often the College of William \u0026 Mary specifically, among other things.","The content of this note was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","This interview was conducted by Hallie Feinman and indexed by Austin Curtis. The interview took place on the morning of 2/8/21 via Zoom. Ava Coles discussed her childhood growing up in rural Virginia and the changes that came when her family moved to Charlottesville. She talks about her relationship with her family and siblings as well as her community at large.  Special interest is paid to the impacts of her education and upbringing and the impacts they have had on her life as an adult.","Description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","This interview was conducted by Austin Curtis and indexed by Ava Coles. The interview took place on the afternoon of April 14, 2021 over Zoom. Janet Cummings describes the ways in which she has adjusted the efforts of the Relief Society of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Williamsburg to strengthen bonds of sisterhood among Latter-day Saint women. ","Description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","This interview was conducted by Ava Coles and indexed by Hallie Feinman. The\ninterview took place on the morning of 2/8/21 via Zoom. Austin Curtis discussed his childhood\ngrowing up as the son of two diplomats. He talks about the various places he lived as well as his\nrelationship with his siblings and why he chose to attend William \u0026 Mary.","Description comes from the headnote created by the interview team. ","This interview was conducted by Jasmine Geonzon and was indexed by Maeve Quigley. The\nentire interview was not transcribed. The interview took place on the morning of 4/26/2021 over\nZoom. Ms. Davis discussed her experiences as a patron and employee of the Williamsburg\nRegional Library, the library's role in the Williamsburg community, and the WRL's response to\nthe COVID-19 pandemic.","Description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team.","This oral history was conducted by Austin Curtis who later indexed and used happyscribe.com to transcribe the interview. This interview occurred at noon on February 8th, 2021 in Ava Cole's Personal Zoom Meeting Room. Hallie Feinman talks about her childhood and dissociative disorder. A condition which as she describes it as feeling like \"watching someone else pantomime through life [like] you,\" (03:40). Hallie Feinmen also addresses how COVID quarantines have affected her mental health. ","Description taken from headnote created by the interview team.","This interview was conducted by Maeve Quigley and was indexed by Jasmine Geonzon. The\nentire interview was later transcribed using Otter.ai. The interview took place on the afternoon of\n4/12/2021 over Zoom. Ms. Fowler discussed her life and work history, her role as the director of\nthe Williamsburg Regional Library, the library's role in the Williamsburg community, and the\nWRL's response to the COVID-19 pandemic.","Description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team.","This interview was conducted by Amy Nadel and Johnette Weaver with Colleen Rodgers indexing. The interview took place virtually via Zoom video conferencing software in the afternoon of 4/30/21. All involved were sitting in their homes. Mrs. Weaver both helped interview her mother and served as another narrator by interjecting at times to provide helpful context to what Mrs. Gordon was saying. Mrs. Gordon discusses growing up in Magruder then moving to Highland Park, both Black neighborhoods. She shares her impressions of being a part of her Church community, going to segregated Bruton Heights School, being married to a Marine, and her desire to give her children as many educational opportunities as possible. Also, she shares her opinion of how Highland Park has changed over time and the impact of Covid 19 on her life.","Description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team.","This interview was conducted by Lauren White and indexed by Austin Curtis. The interview\ntook place on the morning of April 28, 2021 over Zoom. Tawanda Hammond describes the ways\nin which she started operating her own decorative cake shop at a young age and moved around\nlocations before ending up in Williamsburg. Hammond describes the ways her business was\nforced to adapt during the COVID-19 pandemic and the adversities that she faced. Hammond\nalso discusses the community of Williamsburg, and how it can improve on being more inclusive.","Description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team.","In this exercise, Jasmine Geonzon interviews Ron Littman with assistance from Sol Gallego-Garcia, who indexed the interview as it was taking place. The interview took place in the afternoon of 2/10/2021, as each Ron, Jasmine, and Sol were each in their respective homes, meeting over a recorded Zoom session. Here, Ron Littman discusses growing up in Williamsburg, having an unconventional school trajectory, and current college life. This transcription was created with the help of Otter.ai with necessary adjustments made for accuracy.","Description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","This interview was conducted by Lauren White and indexed by Ava Coles. The interview took\nplace on the afternoon of 2/25/21 over Zoom. Hatley Mason discussed his difficult decision to\nclose Mermaid Books, which he ran for over eleven years.","Description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","This interview of Amy Nadel was conducted by Colleen Rodgers and indexed by Maeve Quigley\non Sunday, February 7, 2021, at 3:40pm. The interview took place virtually due to the impact of\nthe COVID-19 pandemic and was done over Zoom, but Ms. Nadel was located in her room in an\noff-campus house. In the interview, Ms. Nadel discusses her experience of living abroad during\nthe onset of the pandemic in March of 2020.","Description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","This interview was conducted by Colleen Rodgers with Hallie Feinman indexing. The interview\ntook place virtually via Zoom at 5:00pm on Wednesday, May 5, 2021. In the interview, Macie\nOsborn, the mother of two sons currently enrolled in Williamsburg-James City County (WJCC)\nPublic Schools, discusses her experience with online learning during the Covid-19 pandemic.\nShe details the experiences of each of her sons, one in elementary school and one in middle\nschool, and expresses gratitude for WJCC's ability to adapt to an ever-changing pandemic-era\nworld.","This description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","I interviewed Maeve Quigley on Zoom. She was in her on-campus dorm room, while I was in\nmy off campus room. It was a cloudy, rainy day. Maeve seemed relaxed and ready to speak to us\nabout her experience moving to different places while growing up because she was smiling\nthroughout. She explained how living in three different regions within Virginia shaped her life.\nMaeve was 21 years old during the interview.","This description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","I interviewed Miss Rodgers over Zoom. Miss Rodgers was excited to describe how her family\nhistory shared interesting parallels with John Steinbeck's East of Eden . She gave some\nbackground on the book before delving into her own family's stories, including some funny\nstories passed down from her grandparents and older relatives.","The description is taken from the headnote created by the interview team.","This interview was conducted by Hallie Feinman with Colleen Rodgers indexing. This interview took place virtually over Zoom on Thursday, April 22nd, at 7 PM. The interview was roughly thirty minutes long. In the interview, local community college student Savannah Merriman talked about her time as a high school senior during the beginning of COVID-19 and her subsequent experiences with graduation, community college, and different communities in her life. Towards the latter half of the interview, Savannah spends time talking about her experiences with social media. ","Description taken from headnote created by interview team.","This interview was conducted by Lauren White and indexed by Michelle Lelièvre. The interview\ntook place on the afternoon of April 21, 2021 over Zoom. Michelle Lelièvre was in Richmond.\nLauren White was in Williamsburg. Monique Sowell (MS1) and Michelle Seiling (MS2) were in\nthe office of the Hound's Tale in Williamsburg. Sowell and Seiling discuss their relationship with\nAromas Cafe, how they reacted to the early stages of the pandemic, and the adversities they\nfaced. They also discuss the different programs they received financial aid from, as well as\nbusiness plans for the upcoming future.","This description is taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","I interviewed Bishop David Trichler over Zoom. Bishop Trichler about becoming Bishop of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS) in Williamsburg, how his congregation adjusted to COVID health protocols, and his own personal relationship with the Mormon faith.","The description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","This interview was conducted by Colleen Rodgers with Amy Nadel indexing. The interview took\nplace virtually via Zoom at 8:00pm on Tuesday, April 13, 2021. In the interview, Bruton High\nSchool senior Cate Westenberger discusses her life in Williamsburg. She describes her public\nschool experience prior to and during the Covid-19 pandemic, as well as her experience with\nextracurricular activities such as sports and her job at Wythe Candy in Colonial Williamsburg.","This description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team.","This interview was conducted by Ava Coles and indexed by Lauren White. The interview took place on the afternoon of 4/16/21 over Zoom. Becki Wildenburger discussed her engagement with House of Mercy as a Housing Navigator, personal motivations, and House of Mercy's relationship with the Williamsburg community. Ms. Wildenburger detailed the landscape of affordable housing in Williamsburg and discussed how her role has changed during the COVID-19 pandemic.","This interview was conducted by Ava Coles on April 19th, 2021 over Zoom. Ms. Wolosynowski discussed the origins of the Williamsburg House of Mercy and her experience as the founder and executive director. During COVID-19, she forged critical community coalitions to further the mission of her organization and served the Williamsburg community through impressive food and housing services. ","This description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","In this roundtable interview, Colonial Williamsburg Foundation employees Adam Canaday, Janice Canaday, and Paul Undra Jeter join the Director of Engagement at the Muscarelle Museum and visual artist Steve Prince and discuss the memorialization of African American history in Williamsburg, representation in the arts, local and national resistance to historical truth-telling, and visions for honoring African American ancestors. The Canadays discuss how being descendants of the first Black families of Williamsburg shaped both their careers as interpreters of African American history in CW. They also detail the legacy of Black labor in Williamsburg and express their frustrations with current obstacles to include African American representations in museums. Mr. Prince discusses his role as a visual artist, how he incorporates tragic histories within beautiful images, the power of visual representation, and how the lack of African American representation in public spaces harms the community. The narrators ask each other questions and relate their experiences throughout their discussion since this was the first time the CW employees met Steve Prince and the interviewers. The interview was conducted by undergraduate student Katherine 'Kate' Zabinski and indexed by her classmate Jamie Carkenord on April 20, 2022, at the Colonial Williamsburg Interpreters Office located at 427 Franklin Street in Williamsburg, VA. In the roundtable, Zabinski references the conversations she previously had with other community members who share local history with the roundtable participants. The roundtable interview was completed for an oral history research project in AMST 410: The Williamsburg Documentary Project, taught by Professor Michelle Lelièvre.","This description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","This interview was conducted by Jamie Carkenord and was indexed by Katherine Zabinski. The interview was transcribed. The interview took place on the morning of 1/28/2022 over Zoom. Ms. Clark discussed her life story moving across the country multiple times, what her childhood was like, and her college experience as an American Studies major.","This description is taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","In this interview, William and Mary student Jamie Carkenord discusses how and why she chose to pursue an undergraduate degree in American Studies and how the program has influenced her life. Carkenord describes how she chose American Studies because the interdisciplinary elements that allow her to study many topics and choose her own specialization of her interests. She explains how her mother also majored in American studies and how her mother's descriptions of history departments discouraged her from majoring in history. In American Studies, Carkenord found ease in both completing classes and scheduling new ones. Carkenord discusses how her major has increased her interest in Black American history and overall histories of minority groups in the United States, which have been the most rewarding features of her degree work. Carkenord's journey in American studies has changed the way she views social, political, legal, and economic factors of American society and she states that she continues to look for why historical events happen and who made them occur.","This description is taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","This interview was conducted and indexed by Teresa Clark. The interview took place on the afternoon of 04/22/2022 over Zoom. Ms. Cleveland discussed her journey as an artist in places like Chicago, Arizona, Williamsburg, and more. She discussed her artistic medium, the themes she draws on, and how her Williamsburg public art sculptures came to be. Ms. Cleveland also embeds her perspective on Williamsburg's public art scene in a story about coming back to the town herself and becoming a mother.","This description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","In this interview, Christopher Custalow (a citizen of the Oklahoma Cherokee Nation),\nKody Grant (a citizen of the Pueblo of Isleta and a descendant of the Eastern Band of Cherokee\nIndians), and Martin Saniga (a citizen of the Saponi Tribe out of Person County, North Carolina\nand Halifax County, Virginia) discuss their experiences working as American Indian interpreters\nin the tourism industry and the evolution of Indigenous representation in Colonial Williamsburg.\nThe narrators share information about their personal journeys with their cultural identities, the\ndifficulties and rewards about their career, and their hopes for the expansion of American Indian\nprogramming at Colonial Williamsburg.\nThis interview was conducted by Alison Walsh, and it was indexed by Alex Luck. The entire\ninterview was transcribed. The interview took place during the morning of 04/19/2022 on a\nZoom call.","This description was taken from a headnote created by the interview team. ","This interview was conducted, transcribed and indexed by Teresa Clark, The interview took place on the afternoon of 02/18/2022 at the city Municipal Buildings. Williamsburg Public Art Council members and Tourism Development specialist and WPAC staff liaison Joanna Skrabala discussed their role on the council, their view of public art, and the WPAC's work. ","This description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","In this interview, Rev. Dr. Julie Grace discusses how her involvement in the Historic First Baptist Church in Williamsburg, VA throughout her childhood led to her career as a minister and her dedication to preserving African American history. She details her family's history living in Williamsburg and working for the Colonial Williamsburg Foundation, her experiences going to segregated schools, and how many Black residents view the tourism districts differently with their ancestors' dispossessions in mind. Dr. Grace describes how her ancestors' 19th-century lives as successful Black business and landowners along Duke of Gloucester Street, like Alexander Dunlop, and the overall prosperity of the African American community in Williamsburg are neglected histories that need to be commemorated in the city's physical landscape. She also expresses her personal thoughts on memorialization of African American history in the Colonial Capital of Virginia. The interview was conducted by undergraduate student Katherine 'Kate' Zabinski and indexed by her classmate Karissa McDonald on April 25, 2022, using the Zoom video conferencing platform. In the interview, Zabinski references the roundtable discussion she previously conducted with other community members who share local history with Dr. Grace. The interview was completed for an oral history research project in AMST 410: the Williamsburg Documentary Project, taught by Professor Michelle Lelièvre.","This description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","This interview was conducted in-person at the Williamsburg Regional Library in\nWilliamsburg, Virginia during the afternoon of April 28th, 2022. This interview was conducted\nby Kirsten Knisely, and it was indexed by Alison Walsh. Robert Haas was the narrator. Mr. Haas\ndescribed his work as the Director of Program Services at the library. This job allows for him to\nplan and coordinate the live performing arts performances within the library theater. Mr. Haas\ndiscussed the history of performing arts at the library, the role of performing arts in\nWilliamsburg, funding and financial situation of the arts in Williamsburg, and his successes and\nfailures within his job. He also discusses the role of the college and tourism in the success of the\nlibrary. He also discusses the importance of increasing diversity. The interview was recorded\nusing a Zoom audio recording device. The interview was just under an hour.","This description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","In this interview, Williamsburg resident Neill Hollands describes his job as the president\nof the Board of Directors for the Williamsburg Players. Mr. Hollands has been working with the\nWilliamsburg Players for 10 years.. The Players are a non-profit community theater group that\nruns completely out of their theater on Hubbard Lane. The group typically puts on 12 shows a\nyear that are funded by donations, support from the city, and ticket sales. Hollands discusses the\nfinancial situation of the Players and how COVID-19 impacted in-person activities. The\ninterview continues on to discuss the community building aspect of community theater. He\ndescribes how the theater community is very well-loved among the older community within\nWilliamsburg. Hollands discusses the importance of diversity within the Performing arts world,\nand how the Williamsburg Players work to increase diversity, but ultimately sruggle. This\ninterview was completed as a part of Kirsten Knisely's research project on Performing arts in\nWilliamsburg, Virginia. Knisely conducted the interview in-person using zoom audio recording\ntools. The interview took place on April 24th, 2022 at the James-York Playhouse, where the\nWilliamsburg Players are based. This project is associated with the American Studies program,\nand will complete the AMST 410: Williamsburg Documentary Project, taught by Professor\nMichelle Lelievre.","This description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","In this interview, Kirsten Knisely her early childhood and high school years. She\ndescribes her family life and speaks about people she admires. Kirsten grew up in Arlington,\nVirginia and in the interview, she speaks on her high school experience and friendships. Kirsten\ndetails some core memories as well as fandoms she was involved in high school and her beliefs\nin the tooth fairy and Santa. The interview was completed for an assignment in AMST 410:\nWilliamsburg Documentary Project, taught by Professor Michelle Lelièvre.","This description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","This interview was conducted and indexed by Alison Walsh. The entire interview was\ntranscribed using Zoom Video Communications. The interview took place on the\nmorning of 1/30/2022 over Zoom. Ms. Luck describes her life history, including growing\nup in rural North Carolina, grappling with differing viewpoints from her family and\ncommunity, attending the College of William \u0026 Mary, her passions for dance and history,\nand significant influences on her life.","This description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team.","This interview was conducted by Alex Luck and was indexed by Alex Luck. The entire interview was transcribed using Word afterwards. The interview took place on the morning of 1/30/2022 over Zoom. Karissa McDonald discussed topics about different stages of her life, including International Schooling, her college experience, and her plans for graduation. ","This description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","In this interview, former Williamsburg resident Jessika Weaver Miller (daughter of\nWilliamsburg activist Johnette Gordon Weaver and granddaughter of Highland Park resident\nMyrtle Gordon) describes her professional experiences in the U.S. Navy and in insurance work\nand education in Australia. She speaks about joining the Navy after attending the U.S. Naval\nAcademy and starting a family with her Australian husband in Australia. There, she developed\nan interest in local Indigenous cultures and decided to pursue teaching professionally. Miller\ndescribes her decision to teach in the Torres Strait, a remote northern island region populated by\nIndigenous communities. She talks about the challenges of cross-cultural teaching and working\nin a remote school with limited technological resources and low literacy rates, and her effort to\nstart a Navy Cadet program in the area. She then shifts to discuss her own educational experience\nin Williamsburg, Virginia, particularly at Jamestown High School, a majority-white school. She\nspeaks to her involvement with the First Baptist Church in Williamsburg and her relationship\nwith churches in Australia. The interview concludes with a discussion of her two elementary\nschool-aged children and her educational and social goals for them. This interview was\nconducted by undergraduate W\u0026M senior Jamie Carkenord on April 29, 2022 using the Zoom\nvideo conferencing platform. Jessika Miller was Zooming in from Thursday Island, Australia, so\nher local time was 9:00am on April 30th. This interview was completed as part of Carkenord's\nresearch project in AMST 410: Williamsburg Documentary Project, taught by Professor\nMichelle Lelièvre.","This description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","This interview was conducted in-person by Teresa Clark and indexed by Katherine Zabinski at the Culture Fix building located at 410 Francis St. in Williamsburg, VA on the morning of 4/27/2022. Mrs. Wendy Miller discussed her experiences as a long-time resident of Williamsburg who captures local experiences as the director and photographer of Culture Fix.","This description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","This interview was conducted by and indexed by Karissa McDonald. The entire interview was later transcribed using Otter.ai. The interview took place on the afternoon of 4/12/2021 over Zoom. Mr. Russell discussed his life and work history, his experiences with ghost stories, and the famous ghost stories of Williamsburg. ","This description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","In this interview, Martin Saniga, who identifies as Saponi, Native, and American, discusses how growing up in Newport News, Virginia with his white mother and adoptive white father initially made him feel removed from his Saponi culture. He gradually reclaimed his culture by involving himself and making a difference within the Indigenous community of the greater Williamsburg area. On top of his career, he works with an Indigenous youth culture camp and is the president of a nonprofit language revitalization consortium. Mr. Saniga describes his career path: first joining the Coast Guard, later working as a site supervisor for Jamestown Settlement, and now working as an interpreter and head of the American Indian Initiative for Colonial Williamsburg. Mr. Saniga answers questions about the public reception of recent American Indian programming, museum ownership of Indigenous objects, the migration history of the Saponi people, William \u0026 Mary's complicated relationship with the local Indigenous community, and the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on his work. \nThe interview was conducted by undergraduate students Alex Luck and Alison Walsh on February 24th, 2022 using the Zoom video conferencing platform. The interview was indexed by undergraduate students Kirsten Knisely and Karissa McDonald. The interview was completed for the Guest Interview assignment in AMST 410: Williamsburg Documentary Project, taught by Professor Michelle Lelièvre.","\nThis description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","Within this interview on January 30th, 2022 at 10:15am, Kirsten Knisely interviews her peer Alison Walsh. After Alison approves consent to conduct the interview, Kirsten begins her questions. Throughout the interview, Kirsten asks Alison questions concerning her youth and growing up, particularly what she was interested in as a kid and throughout high school. Alison describes her passions for sports and extracurriculars. She also describes her family and their importance to her. Kirsten continues to ask Alison about her time at William and Mary, what she is involved in, and who she spends her time with. Alison talks about her participation in a multitude of extracurricular activities and talks about her closest friends in college. The interview then moves to discussing the future, where Alison describes her plans to be an environmental lawyer and potentially starting a family one day. At the end of the interview, Alison signs the deed of gift form. ","This description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","In this interview, Ms. Johnette Weaver discusses how her personal history and education in Williamsburg, VA shaped her work as an advocate for social justice. She describes her family's arrival in Virginia in the late 17th century, their dislocations, and eventual establishment in Highland Park. Ms. Weaver explains her complicated relationship with the Colonial Williamsburg Foundation alongside her pride in the work she has done as an interpreter there. She tells of her lifelong love of reading and of her choice to attend the historically Black college, Hampton University. Ms. Weaver discusses her social media manager position with Williamsburg Action, a social justice advocacy group that formed in 2020. The interview was conducted by undergraduate students Katherine Zabinski and Teresa Clark on February 15, 2022, using the Zoom video conferencing platform. In the interview, Clark and Zabinski reference the background knowledge they received about Johnette Weaver from assignments conducted in their undergraduate course AMST 410: Williamsburg Documentary Project, taught by Professor Michelle Lelièvre. Both the class assignment observations and interview were completed for an assignment in AMST 410.","This description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team.","In this interview, William and Mary student Katherine Zabinski describes her upbringing in a\nmilitary family, how it exposed her to other cultures and helped inform her passion for American\nhistory, and also describes her path to the college and the love of hip hop DJing she picked up\nhere. Zabinski narrates her family's moves from California to Washington State to Virginia,\nwhere she has lived since middle school. She explains that she does not consider uprooting\nmultiple times a downside, except that she finds it awkward trying to describe where she is from.\nOn the contrary, she describes how living in multiple places exposed her to more diverse\nAmerican cultures, growing familiar with Native and Chicano communities in California,\nIndigenous and Asian-American communities in Washington, and Black communities along with\nother diverse cultures in Virginia. She describes moving to Virginia and the South as a culture\nshock, but enjoyed the diverse geographies along with the diverse cultures: the California\ndeserts, Washington mountains, and Virginia cotton and cornfields. Zabinski describes the roots\nof her interest in history and the way attending predominantly Black middle and high schools\nand becoming friends with Black women inspired her to learn more about African-American\nhistory and American history that acknowledges white supremacy. She narrates how she came to\nbe interested in William \u0026 Mary. Initially having thought to join the military or attend\ncosmetology school, it was her teachers who encouraged her to take summer classes in the\nNIAHD program at the college, causing her to fall in love with the campus and with colonial to\nrevolutionary American history—with Richmond as one focus. Zabinski closes the interview by\ndescribing the extracurricular she has most enjoyed at William and Mary: the SOUL students of\nhip hop legacy club. She describes her involvement in the executive and social media branches\nof the club, and the DJing she had the opportunity to on a large and small scale during her time\nhere.","This description was taken from the headnote created by the interview team. ","In this interview, American Studies and Gender, Sexuality and Women's Studies (GSWS)\nProfessor Leisa Meyer narrates their experience living in Williamsburg, Virginia, and the\nsurrounding areas as it pertains to the Queer community. Professor Meyer begins with detailing\ntheir life as a Professor at William and Mary, how much they care for their students and reform,\nand how they came to be a Professor and long-time resident of Williamsburg. They explain how\nthe surrounding areas of Williamsburg have a more lively Queer presence, and details some of\nthe history behind the notorious Gay/Lesbian bars in these more urbanized towns. Throughout\nthe interview, there are discussions of what qualifies as a Queer space, what Williamsburg and\nthe Queer community in the town can do to advance their presence in the Colonial city, and ends\nwith concluding remarks about Williamsburg as a whole.","This interview is conducted by Natalie Corsello and indexed by Emma Blackwood. The interview is transcribed by Abby Mendez (they/them). The interview took place in person in the Haven on April 16th at 11:00am. Liz Cascone discusses her background in terms of education and her journey leading up to their move to Williamsburg, as well as her thoughts on the difficulties of finding Queer community and spaces as a non-student, non-retiree in Williamsburg.","In this interview, Marcus Banks Jr. discusses his upbringing in the sports world and those who have positively influenced his journey as a basketball player. A native of the Williamsburg and Newport News areas, Banks begins by explaining who introduced him to the game of basketball and how he fell in love with it. He discusses his experience with basketball prior to college, transferring to different high schools, and the process by which he developed his skills on and off the court, as well as how he was able to overcome adversity. He speaks on what the game has meant to him throughout his life, the various coaches who have helped mold him into the young man he is today, and teammates he has had the pleasure of playing alongside. Finally, Marcus elaborates on the countless lessons, skills, and experiences that basketball has afforded him, and how these things can be applied to other areas of his life.","In the following oral history, John McGlennon, a Professor in Government at the College of\nWilliam \u0026 Mary and member of the Board of Supervisors of James City County, Virginia, discusses his\ninterest in politics as a youth, his education and activities at Fordham University and Johns Hopkins\nUniversity, and his participation in the Democratic Party in Williamsburg, Virginia. McGlennon explains\nhow his New York childhood and background as a first-generation college student sparked his initial\ninterest in politics, particularly in the Kennedy presidency. His increasing dissatisfaction with the Johnson\npresidency led McGlennon to become involved in the high school and college newspapers, which instilled\na belief in the consequence of journalism and academia as avenues for influencing politics. McGlennon\ndescribes his impressions of the First Congressional District of Virginia upon arriving in Williamsburg in\n1974, detailing his rise through the local Democratic Party from 1978 to 1981. Finally, he outlines his\n1982 strategy to campaign against then-State Senator Herb Bateman in the general election for the First\nCongressional District of Virginia, including how he solicited PAC funds, participated in\ncandidate-on-candidate debates, and the role of abortion in determining the final vote outcome.\nWilliamsburg Documentary Project student Caleb Fulford conducted the interview on April 2, 2024, at\n9:00 am with an Amcrest USB Microphone. Fulford and indexer Seth Novak reference the class\nassignment involving the interview in AMST 410: Williamsburg Documentary Project, taught by\nProfessor Michelle Lelièvre.","This interview was conducted by Natalie Lopez and was indexed by Abigail Swanberg. This interview was transcribed by Natalie Lopez. It took place on April 17, 2024 in Swem Room 168. Cecilia Weaver discusses her internship experience at Colonial National Historical Park, her other internships and jobs, and her time at William \u0026 Mary. Topics of this interview include interning, archaeology, Geographic Information System (GIS), public history, museum work, and interpretation.","In this interview, Sam Beavin discusses the culture of music in Williamsburg and how people participate in it. He begins with his background of growing up in Parkland, Florida, and what music is common to that area. He then speaks about his involvement in a student band, Halcyon Lane, and their interactions with other bands on campus. He mentions his influences and genre tastes, and how those compare to the music he plays for Halcyon Lane. He then goes on to describe the locations he has played at, such as the Meridian, the Amphitheater, Sadler Center, Merchants' Square, and on a float during the 2023 Homecoming Parade. He elaborates on the people who listen to him play and how they identify, specifically whether there are students or otherwise. Sam concludes that he is more connected to the William and Mary music community, though enjoys those connections and is content with them. The interview was conducted by undergraduate student Seth Novak on April 7th, 2024, using Zoom H8 Digital Recorders in Earl Gregg Swem Library for the American Studies department Williamsburg Documentary Project.","Maureen Anderson was interviewed was by Abigail Swanberg. The interview was indexed by Joey Houska and Anika Ahammad. The entire interview was transcribed. The interview took place on the afternoon of 4/12/2024 in person at 3312 N Riverside Drive Lanexa 23089. The interview contains topics including family, stating a business, creating and running a farmer's market, self-sufficiency, farming, living in a historic house, and COVID-19.","This interview was conducted by Abigail Swanberg and indexed by Caleb Fulford and Gabe Dorsey. The interview occurred on April 26th, 2024, at 1:00 pm in Swem Library Room 118. This interview was conducted as part of the Williamsburg Documentary Project. Joey Houska is a senior at the College of William \u0026 Mary. They started and currently lead the Toano Walking Tour Project. This interview contains topics including revitalization efforts, community, William \u0026 Mary, walking arts, leadership, Ohio, and advocacy work.","In this interview, Abigail Swanberg discusses a condensed \"life history\", beginning with her life and family in Appomattox, Virginia, and continuing on to other topics such as her interest in football and participation in the marching band. She describes her high school experience under Covid-19 and how it differed from her introduction to college. Finally, she ponders her life goals and ultimate aspirations. The interview was conducted by undergraduate student Seth Novak on January 28th, 2024 using the Zoom video conferencing platform. This interview was completed for an assignment in AMST 410: Williamsburg Documentary Project, taught by Professor Michelle Lelièvre.","In this interview, Caleb Fulford discusses his upbringing and how his parents' relative youth and complex relationship impacted him as a child, as well as his relationship with his younger sisters. He also discusses the impact of his friendship with his current roommate Georgia, who he has been friends with since middle school. He describes how his learning difficulties in school encouraged him to join the debate team and, later, pursue a legal career. He also speaks about how his family's religious differences impacted his ideas about politics. The interview was conducted by undergraduate student Natalie Lopez on January 30, 2024 using the Zoom video conferencing platform. This interview was completed for an assignment in AMST 410: Williamsburg Documentary Project, taught by Professor Michelle Lelièvre.","In this interview, Deja Williams discusses her upbringing and college experience. She describes where she is from, schools attended, the decision to come to William \u0026 Mary, and college extracurriculars, including improv comedy and the desire to play an intramural sport.","In this interview, Emma Blackwood discusses her upbringing in Richmond, VA and her experiences through private school preparing her for college. She describes how quarantine impacted her family, as well as her transition to William and Mary. Soon to be graduating, Emma Blackwood outlines her post-college plans for law school, especially in environmental justice advocacy. The interview was conducted by undergraduate student Anika Ahammad on January 29, 2024 using the Zoom video conferencing platform. The interview was completed for an assignment in AMST 410: Williamsburg Documentary Project, taught by Professor Michelle Lelièvre.","In the following interview, Gabe Dorsey discusses his early childhood and how his parents instilled an unwavering dedication to work, discipline, and spirituality. Gabe recalls deriving his name from the biblical archangel Gabriel, who declared to the Virgin Mary that she had been selected to bear the Son of God and served as a touchstone throughout his upbringing. He describes attending church every Sunday with his immediate family—his mother, father, two older brothers, and grandparents—and values the faith he observed between his parents as a marital unit. Gabe also reflects on how family, early education, and recreational athletics led him to pursue and compete in collegiate basketball at the College of William \u0026 Mary. He credits his father, a former college basketball player, with inspiring him and emphasizing the academic benefits of such a sport. I completed the interview for an assignment in the Williamsburg Documentary Project, taught by Professor Michelle Lelièvre.","This interview was conducted by Gabe Dorsey and was indexed by Caleb Fulford. The entire interview was transcribed. The interview took place on the evening of 1/30/2024 over Zoom. Ms. Lopez gives a brief background on her hometown, upbringing, family life, and her ambitions as a motivated William and Mary student. She gives insight regarding her experiences being a kid from the west coast studying on the east coast, a young girl growing up in a Mexican household and a young woman discovering more and more about herself as she travels and grows through life. \"In the words of Walt Whitman, 'we all contain multitudes'\".","In this interview, Seth Novak discusses his experiences moving around Arlington, Virginia. He also talks about his family and the pets that his family has owned over the years, mostly cats. He talks about his experience volunteering at the Heritage Humane Society. Seth Novak also mentioned how he ended up at William \u0026 Mary, his current thoughts on being a senior who is graduating early, and his post-graduation plans.","In this interview, Laura Gonzalez Castro discusses her personal and professional life, their interaction, and what her work means to her. She describes her youth in Havana, Cuba, and how her experiences were similar and different from other citizens. She also discusses her immigration to the United States and the efforts that went into finding work here, bringing her family members, and how she ended up in Virginia. Gonzalez Castro then goes on to talk about her professional life in the Center for Child and Family Services, and how terminology can have a large impact on the clients she takes in, especially those considered \"undocumented\". Interest is also paid to her education in Cuba, as well as personal life, such as travels across Europe and domestically. The interview was conducted by undergraduate students Abby Mendez and Seth Novak on March 5th, 2024, using DGI microphones.","This Williamsburg Documentary Project guest interview was conducted in the dining area in the basement of First Baptist Church in Williamsburg, Virginia. Molly Robinson conducted the interview and Michelle Lelièvre indexed. Students enrolled in the WDP also attended and interacted with Mrs. Montgomery during the interview. Prior to sitting down with us, Mrs. Montgomery gave the class a tour of the historic First Baptist Church. This enriching tour took up much of our class period, so Mrs. Montgomery scheduled a follow-up oral history that took place on April 4, 2024. In this first interview, she discusses growing up in Winter Park, Florida, attending Hungerford High School in Eatonville, FL, traveling and performing with musician Bill Doggett, raising her daughter during her career as a musician, getting married and moving to Williamsburg, starting credit unions in the town, and entering various leadership positions, including Chairperson of the History Ministry at First Baptist Church. The recording is punctuated with sounds of a phone ringing (@ 7:20 and 9:18). Mrs. Montgomery can also be heard speaking to other members of First Baptist who were in the church during the interview (@ 19:27, 36:19, and 49:10). Around 49:00, several students had to excuse themselves to attend another class.","This oral history was a follow-up to the oral history interview conducted with Mrs. Liz Montgomery by the Williamsburg Documentary Project on February 22, 2024. Both interviews were conducted by Molly Robinson, with questions developed by Molly Robinson and Michelle Lelièvre. Given the expansive nature of Mrs. Montgomery's first interview, the WDP invited her to conduct a second interview where we could explore in greater depth some of the many fascinating topics she introduced, including her experience as a jazz vocalist touring with Bill Doggett in the 1960's, her work to establish credit unions at Colonial Williamsburg and Busch Gardens, her work as a mother raising children in Williamsburg, and her leadership at the First Baptist Church. Mrs. Montgomery was very generous with her responses and shared details of her life that she had not previously disclosed publicly. She ended her interview by singing (unrehearsed!) a few bars from \"Sometimes I Feel Like a Motherless Child.\" The Williamsburg Documentary Project was honored to welcome Mrs. Montgomery and receive the gift of her stories.","In the following oral history, Meredith Poole, a Staff Archaeologist with the Colonial Williamsburg Foundation, discusses how discovering a fossil in her backyard at an early age sparked her passion for archaeology. She also cites numerous educators, from her elementary school teacher to a professor with whom Poole traveled to Belize for a semester abroad, as inspiratory figures in the initial development of her almost 39-year career. Poole explains how working on the 1985 excavation of the Shields Tavern site while completing her Master's Thesis for her MA in Anthropology from William \u0026 Mary helped to both ground her roots in the Williamsburg community and provide her with invaluable on-the-ground skills, such as appreciating the value of minute details and archeological storytelling, that would become central in her later work. She discusses her contributions to the 2022 excavation of the First Baptist Church Cite as among her proudest projects, describing the uncovering of such a personal history for the descendant community as a fulfilling process that exemplifies the value of archaeology. Poole also explains how she balanced her dual interests in fieldwork and obligations as a public-facing archaeologist with the Colonial Williamsburg Foundation, recalling as paramount her skills in creative writing and community development. She advises future archaeologists to focus on a specialized field of research that interests them and communicate the relevant knowledge in ways that the general public can understand and appreciate. Williamsburg Documentary Project students Caleb Fulford and Abigail Swanberg conducted the interview on February 20, 2024, at 2:00 pm with a Zoom H4N and DGI microphones provided by graduate student Molly Robinson. Fulford, Swanberg, and indexer Natalie Lopez reference the class assignment involving the interview in AMST 410: Williamsburg Documentary Project, taught by Professor Michelle Lelièvre.","This interview was conducted by Natalie Corsello and Emma Blackwood and was indexed by Anika Ahammad. The entire interview was transcribed. The interview took place on the afternoon of 2/13/2024 in person at Boswell Hall Room# 40 on 100 Ukrop Way, Williamsburg, VA. Tijuana Reeve discussed her journey to William \u0026 Mary, her advocacy in the Cape Henry Project, and also her personal experiences with pregnancy, stillbirth, and motherhood.","In this interview, Diane Langhorst discusses her experience of belonging and community as a student at the College of William and Mary in the class of 1968, detailing her life in chapters. She discusses the impact of being the middle child and the oldest daughter growing up in the church and transitioning to becoming a student. Further, she recalls the cultural changes of living in Williamsburg, as her parents didn't visit and there were no black students on campus,\nstating that the campus was isolated and segregated. She recounts how her religion fostered community, enabling a closer connection between her and her friends. She discusses how William and Mary felt insulated, how she felt little connection to the community outside of campus, and comments on the lack of news and political discussion. Diane cites the liberal arts education at the college as the inspiration for her study of sociology and subsequent career in social work. This interview was conducted by undergraduate students Caroline Cromwell and Leah Schrum and was indexed by Sarah Kinlaw. The interview took place in the Samuel E. Jones building on the William and Mary campus on the afternoon of 3/6/2025. This interview was conducted for research purposes by the Williamsburg Documentary Project, taught by\nMolly Robinson and Tijuana Reeve.","This description is taken from the headnote for the oral history. ","In this interview, Zach Meredith discusses how his experience as a student at William and Mary shaped his understanding of community and belonging. He discusses how he was drawn to W\u0026M for its intellectual community, and subsequently found his community through the American Studies department and the Williamsburg Documentary Project course. Further, Zach details how the WDP exposed him to new ways of approaching history through archive work and understanding of his positionality. He recounts how his research on the Triangle Block during the WDP developed into his senior thesis project, \"Urban Renewal in the Colonial Capital: Contextualizing the Williamsburg Redevelopment \u0026 Housing Authority\"(2019). Now teaching at the same high school in Durham, North Carolina that he attended as a student, Zach\nhopes to develop a Durham History elective, incorporating aspects from the WDP. This interview was conducted by undergraduate students Sarah Kinlaw and Leah Schrum and was indexed by Caroline Cromwell. The interview took place in the Samuel E. Jones building on the William and Mary campus and on Zoom on the afternoon of 3/4/2025. 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