{"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=2004\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Series\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=George+Mason+University","next":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=2004\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Series\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=George+Mason+University\u0026page=2","last":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=2004\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Series\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=George+Mason+University\u0026page=35"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":1,"next_page":2,"prev_page":null,"total_pages":35,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":0,"total_count":344,"first_page?":true,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"vifgm_vifgm00026_c02","type":"Series","attributes":{"title":"Accession 2012.102,, 1944/2010","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_vifgm00026_c02#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vifgm_vifgm00026_c02","ref_ssm":["vifgm_vifgm00026_c02"],"id":"vifgm_vifgm00026_c02","ead_ssi":"vifgm_vifgm00026","_root_":"vifgm_vifgm00026","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_vifgm00026","parent_ssi":"vifgm_vifgm00026","parent_ssim":["Harold J. Morowitz papers, 1944/2010"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vifgm_vifgm00026"],"title_filing_ssi":"Accession 2012.102,","title_ssm":["Accession 2012.102,"],"title_tesim":["Accession 2012.102,"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Accession 2012.102,, 1944/2010"],"text":["Accession 2012.102,, 1944/2010","Harold J. Morowitz papers, 1944/2010"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Harold J. Morowitz papers, 1944/2010"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Harold J. Morowitz papers, 1944/2010"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1944/2010"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1944-2010"],"level_ssm":["Series"],"level_ssim":["Series"],"component_level_isim":[1],"sort_isi":143,"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"collection_ssim":["Harold J. 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At Yale, Morowitz was associate professor of biophysics (1960-1968), professor of molecular biophysics and biochemistry (1968-1988), and master of Pierson College (1981-1986). He joined the faculty of George Mason University in 1988 as a Robinson Professor. Since 1993, Morowitz has directed the Krasnow Institute for Advanced Study. Dr. Morowitz has authored and coauthored several books: Life and the Physical Sciences (with Waterman), 1964; Theoretical and Mathematical Biology, 1965; Energy Flow in Biology, 1968; Entropy for Biologists (with Lucille Morowitz), 1970; Life on the Planet Earth,1974; Ego Niches,1977; Foundations of Bioenergetics, 1978; The Wine of Life, 1979; Mayonnaise and the Origins of Life, 1985; Cosmic Joy and Local Pain, 1987; The Thermodynamics of Pizza, 1991; Beginnings of Cellular Life (with James Trefil), 1992; The Facts of Life, 1992; and Entropy and the Magic Flute, 1993.","Processed by Special Collections and Archives staff. 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Special Collections and Archives.","George Mason University--Faculty.","Harold J. Morowitz","Morowitz, Harold J.","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Harold J. Morowitz papers, 1944/2010"],"collection_ssim":["Harold J. Morowitz papers, 1944/2010"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0049"],"unitid_tesim":["C0049"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"creator_ssm":["Harold J. Morowitz"],"creator_ssim":["Harold J. Morowitz"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Harold J. Morowitz","Morowitz, Harold J."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Special Collections and Archives.","George Mason University--Faculty."],"creators_ssim":["Harold J. Morowitz","Morowitz, Harold J.","George Mason University. Special Collections and Archives.","George Mason University--Faculty."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Collection donated by Harold Morowitz in 1997-1998. 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Morowitz is a biophysicist and Robinson Professor in Biology and Natural Philosophy at George Mason University. Born in Poughkeepsie, N.Y., on December 4, 1927, Morowitz earned his Ph.D. at Yale University in 1951. From 1951-1953 he was a physicist at the National Bureau of Standards. Morowitz was on the staff of the National Heart Institute from 1953-1955 before joining the faculty of Yale University in 1955. At Yale, Morowitz was associate professor of biophysics (1960-1968), professor of molecular biophysics and biochemistry (1968-1988), and master of Pierson College (1981-1986). He joined the faculty of George Mason University in 1988 as a Robinson Professor. Since 1993, Morowitz has directed the Krasnow Institute for Advanced Study. Dr. Morowitz has authored and coauthored several books: Life and the Physical Sciences (with Waterman), 1964; Theoretical and Mathematical Biology, 1965; Energy Flow in Biology, 1968; Entropy for Biologists (with Lucille Morowitz), 1970; Life on the Planet Earth,1974; Ego Niches,1977; Foundations of Bioenergetics, 1978; The Wine of Life, 1979; Mayonnaise and the Origins of Life, 1985; Cosmic Joy and Local Pain, 1987; The Thermodynamics of Pizza, 1991; Beginnings of Cellular Life (with James Trefil), 1992; The Facts of Life, 1992; and Entropy and the Magic Flute, 1993.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Harold J. Morowitz is a biophysicist and Robinson Professor in Biology and Natural Philosophy at George Mason University. Born in Poughkeepsie, N.Y., on December 4, 1927, Morowitz earned his Ph.D. at Yale University in 1951. From 1951-1953 he was a physicist at the National Bureau of Standards. Morowitz was on the staff of the National Heart Institute from 1953-1955 before joining the faculty of Yale University in 1955. At Yale, Morowitz was associate professor of biophysics (1960-1968), professor of molecular biophysics and biochemistry (1968-1988), and master of Pierson College (1981-1986). He joined the faculty of George Mason University in 1988 as a Robinson Professor. Since 1993, Morowitz has directed the Krasnow Institute for Advanced Study. Dr. Morowitz has authored and coauthored several books: Life and the Physical Sciences (with Waterman), 1964; Theoretical and Mathematical Biology, 1965; Energy Flow in Biology, 1968; Entropy for Biologists (with Lucille Morowitz), 1970; Life on the Planet Earth,1974; Ego Niches,1977; Foundations of Bioenergetics, 1978; The Wine of Life, 1979; Mayonnaise and the Origins of Life, 1985; Cosmic Joy and Local Pain, 1987; The Thermodynamics of Pizza, 1991; Beginnings of Cellular Life (with James Trefil), 1992; The Facts of Life, 1992; and Entropy and the Magic Flute, 1993."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eHarold J. Morowitz papers, Collection #C0049, Special Collections and Archives, George Mason University.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"prefercite_tesim":["Harold J. Morowitz papers, Collection #C0049, Special Collections and Archives, George Mason University."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed by Special Collections and Archives staff. 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Larson Science and Technology Oral History collection\" show=\"new\" href=\"http://sca.gmu.edu/finding_aids/larson.html\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Special Collections and Archives also holds the  and the ."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection includes a draft copy of Energy Flow in Biological Systems, including chapter and appendix notes, calculations for mathematical operations, and correspondence between the author and his editor; a draft copy of Beginnings of Cellular Life, including the index and notes; a draft copy of The Facts of Life with the \"author's copy\" and the original artwork for the illustrations; and working papers, correspondence, and other documents pertaining to his academic career including original poetry written by Morowitz.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection includes a draft copy of Energy Flow in Biological Systems, including chapter and appendix notes, calculations for mathematical operations, and correspondence between the author and his editor; a draft copy of Beginnings of Cellular Life, including the index and notes; a draft copy of The Facts of Life with the \"author's copy\" and the original artwork for the illustrations; and working papers, correspondence, and other documents pertaining to his academic career including original poetry written by Morowitz."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe collection includes a draft copy of Energy Flow in Biological Systems, including chapter and appendix notes, calculations for mathematical operations, and correspondence between the author and his editor; a draft copy of Beginnings of Cellular Life, including the index and notes; a draft copy of The Facts of Life with the author's copy and the original artwork for the illustrations; and working papers, correspondence, and other documents pertaining to his academic career including original poetry written by Morowitz.\n\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The collection includes a draft copy of Energy Flow in Biological Systems, including chapter and appendix notes, calculations for mathematical operations, and correspondence between the author and his editor; a draft copy of Beginnings of Cellular Life, including the index and notes; a draft copy of The Facts of Life with the author's copy and the original artwork for the illustrations; and working papers, correspondence, and other documents pertaining to his academic career including original poetry written by Morowitz."],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Special Collections and Archives.","George Mason University--Faculty."],"persname_ssim":["Harold J. Morowitz","Morowitz, Harold J."],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Special Collections and Archives.","George Mason University--Faculty.","Harold J. Morowitz","Morowitz, Harold J."],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":144,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:56:35.785Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_vifgm00026_c02"}},{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_143_c02","type":"Series","attributes":{"title":"Accession 2014.028, 1967/2013","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_143_c02#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003e12 folders of correspondence and articles by Morowitz, some of which are unpublished.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_143_c02#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_143_c02","ref_ssm":["vifgm_repositories_2_resources_143_c02"],"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_143_c02","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_143","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_143","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_143","parent_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_143","parent_ssim":["Harold J. 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Morowitz papers"],"title_tesim":["Harold J. Morowitz papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1968-2011"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1968-2011"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Harold J. Morowitz papers"],"text":["Harold J. Morowitz papers","C0049","/repositories/2/resources/143","Molecular biology","College teachers","Biophysics","Biochemistry","Science -- Study and teaching (Higher) -- United States","Poetry","Correspondence","Collection is open to research.","Original order.","Harold J. Morowitz is a biophysicist and Robinson Professor in Biology and Natural Philosophy at George Mason University. Born in Poughkeepsie, N.Y., on December 4, 1927, Morowitz graduated from Poughkeepsie High School in 1944. He studied at Yale University starting in 1948 and earned his Ph.D. in 1951. From 1951-1953 he was a physicist at the National Bureau of Standards. Morowitz was on the staff of the National Heart Institute from 1953-1955 before joining the faculty of Yale University in 1955. At Yale, Morowitz was associate professor of biophysics (1960-1968), professor of molecular biophysics and biochemistry (1968-1988), and master of Pierson College (1981-1986). He joined the faculty of George Mason University in 1988 as a Robinson Professor. Since 1993, Morowitz has directed the Krasnow Institute for Advanced Study. Dr. Morowitz has authored and coauthored several books: Life and the Physical Sciences (with Waterman), 1964; Theoretical and Mathematical Biology, 1965; Energy Flow in Biology, 1968; Entropy for Biologists (with Lucille Morowitz), 1970; Life on the Planet Earth, 1974; Ego Niches,1977; Foundations of Bioenergetics, 1978; The Wine of Life, 1979; Mayonnaise and the Origins of Life, 1985; Cosmic Joy and Local Pain, 1987; The Thermodynamics of Pizza, 1991; Beginnings of Cellular Life (with James Trefil), 1992; The Facts of Life, 1992; and Entropy and the Magic Flute, 1993.","Processed by Special Collections and Archives staff. EAD markup completed in February 2009 by Eron Ackerman and Jordan Patty. Finding aid updated by Greta Kuriger Suiter in August 2013.","Special Collections and Archives also holds the  and the .","The collection includes a draft copy of Energy Flow in Biological Systems (published as Energy Flow in Biology), including chapter and appendix notes, calculations for mathematical operations, and correspondence between the author and his editor; a draft copy of Beginnings of Cellular Life, including the index and notes; a draft copy of The Facts of Life with the \"author's copy\" and the original artwork for the illustrations; and working papers, correspondence, and other documents pertaining to his academic career including original poetry written by Morowitz. Also included is research and correspondence from a project on the history of bioenergetics, for which Morowitz was awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship in 1980, and correspondence and documents relating to Biosphere 2.","Handwritten notes and correspondence","Notes for Energy Flow in Biological Systems","Workshop on declining amphibian populations, February 19-20, 1990","Articles by Franklin Harold","Articles by Paul Boyer","Bibliography, curriculum vitae, and articles written by Lars Ernster","Letters to Williams, Slater, Ernster, and Peter Mitchell regarding the Guggenheim Fellowship. Articles by Williams.","Bibliography, correspondence, articles","Further Reflections on the Constitutional Justice of Livelihood by Charles Black and announcement for Black's memorial service","Includes six photographs of Morowitz and others in a work environment","Includes a photograph of a group portrait from 1953","Re-entry talk on September 26, 1993 by Morowitz; Poem titled \"Biosphere 2\"","Drafts and notes for \"The Trinitarian World of Neo-Pantheism,\" \"Athens and Jerusalem,\" \"Teilhard's Two Energies,\" and Emergences chapter one","Morowitz to Yurig Gubkin,","Letters received regarding articles from Hospital Practice,","Teknos vol. 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Morowitz is a biophysicist and Robinson Professor in Biology and Natural Philosophy at George Mason University. Born in Poughkeepsie, N.Y., on December 4, 1927, Morowitz graduated from Poughkeepsie High School in 1944. He studied at Yale University starting in 1948 and earned his Ph.D. in 1951. From 1951-1953 he was a physicist at the National Bureau of Standards. Morowitz was on the staff of the National Heart Institute from 1953-1955 before joining the faculty of Yale University in 1955. At Yale, Morowitz was associate professor of biophysics (1960-1968), professor of molecular biophysics and biochemistry (1968-1988), and master of Pierson College (1981-1986). He joined the faculty of George Mason University in 1988 as a Robinson Professor. Since 1993, Morowitz has directed the Krasnow Institute for Advanced Study. Dr. Morowitz has authored and coauthored several books: Life and the Physical Sciences (with Waterman), 1964; Theoretical and Mathematical Biology, 1965; Energy Flow in Biology, 1968; Entropy for Biologists (with Lucille Morowitz), 1970; Life on the Planet Earth, 1974; Ego Niches,1977; Foundations of Bioenergetics, 1978; The Wine of Life, 1979; Mayonnaise and the Origins of Life, 1985; Cosmic Joy and Local Pain, 1987; The Thermodynamics of Pizza, 1991; Beginnings of Cellular Life (with James Trefil), 1992; The Facts of Life, 1992; and Entropy and the Magic Flute, 1993.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Harold J. Morowitz is a biophysicist and Robinson Professor in Biology and Natural Philosophy at George Mason University. Born in Poughkeepsie, N.Y., on December 4, 1927, Morowitz graduated from Poughkeepsie High School in 1944. He studied at Yale University starting in 1948 and earned his Ph.D. in 1951. From 1951-1953 he was a physicist at the National Bureau of Standards. Morowitz was on the staff of the National Heart Institute from 1953-1955 before joining the faculty of Yale University in 1955. At Yale, Morowitz was associate professor of biophysics (1960-1968), professor of molecular biophysics and biochemistry (1968-1988), and master of Pierson College (1981-1986). He joined the faculty of George Mason University in 1988 as a Robinson Professor. Since 1993, Morowitz has directed the Krasnow Institute for Advanced Study. Dr. Morowitz has authored and coauthored several books: Life and the Physical Sciences (with Waterman), 1964; Theoretical and Mathematical Biology, 1965; Energy Flow in Biology, 1968; Entropy for Biologists (with Lucille Morowitz), 1970; Life on the Planet Earth, 1974; Ego Niches,1977; Foundations of Bioenergetics, 1978; The Wine of Life, 1979; Mayonnaise and the Origins of Life, 1985; Cosmic Joy and Local Pain, 1987; The Thermodynamics of Pizza, 1991; Beginnings of Cellular Life (with James Trefil), 1992; The Facts of Life, 1992; and Entropy and the Magic Flute, 1993."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eHarold J. Morowitz papers, Collection #C0049, Special Collections and Archives, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Harold J. Morowitz papers, Collection #C0049, Special Collections and Archives, George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed by Special Collections and Archives staff. EAD markup completed in February 2009 by Eron Ackerman and Jordan Patty. Finding aid updated by Greta Kuriger Suiter in August 2013.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed by Special Collections and Archives staff. EAD markup completed in February 2009 by Eron Ackerman and Jordan Patty. Finding aid updated by Greta Kuriger Suiter in August 2013."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSpecial Collections and Archives also holds the \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"Carol D. Litchfield Microbiology collection\" href=\"http://sca.gmu.edu/finding_aids/litchfield.html\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e and the \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"Clarence E. Larson Science and Technology Oral History collection\" href=\"http://sca.gmu.edu/finding_aids/larson.html\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Special Collections and Archives also holds the  and the ."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection includes a draft copy of Energy Flow in Biological Systems (published as Energy Flow in Biology), including chapter and appendix notes, calculations for mathematical operations, and correspondence between the author and his editor; a draft copy of Beginnings of Cellular Life, including the index and notes; a draft copy of The Facts of Life with the \"author's copy\" and the original artwork for the illustrations; and working papers, correspondence, and other documents pertaining to his academic career including original poetry written by Morowitz. 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Articles by Williams.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBibliography, correspondence, articles\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFurther Reflections on the Constitutional Justice of Livelihood by Charles Black and announcement for Black's memorial service\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes six photographs of Morowitz and others in a work environment\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes a photograph of a group portrait from 1953\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRe-entry talk on September 26, 1993 by Morowitz; Poem titled \"Biosphere 2\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrafts and notes for \"The Trinitarian World of Neo-Pantheism,\" \"Athens and Jerusalem,\" \"Teilhard's Two Energies,\" and Emergences chapter one\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMorowitz to Yurig Gubkin,\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters received regarding articles from Hospital Practice,\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTeknos vol. XXII, introduction by Morowitz\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e12 folders of correspondence and articles by Morowitz, some of which are unpublished.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection includes a draft copy of Energy Flow in Biological Systems (published as Energy Flow in Biology), including chapter and appendix notes, calculations for mathematical operations, and correspondence between the author and his editor; a draft copy of Beginnings of Cellular Life, including the index and notes; a draft copy of The Facts of Life with the \"author's copy\" and the original artwork for the illustrations; and working papers, correspondence, and other documents pertaining to his academic career including original poetry written by Morowitz. Also included is research and correspondence from a project on the history of bioenergetics, for which Morowitz was awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship in 1980, and correspondence and documents relating to Biosphere 2.","Handwritten notes and correspondence","Notes for Energy Flow in Biological Systems","Workshop on declining amphibian populations, February 19-20, 1990","Articles by Franklin Harold","Articles by Paul Boyer","Bibliography, curriculum vitae, and articles written by Lars Ernster","Letters to Williams, Slater, Ernster, and Peter Mitchell regarding the Guggenheim Fellowship. Articles by Williams.","Bibliography, correspondence, articles","Further Reflections on the Constitutional Justice of Livelihood by Charles Black and announcement for Black's memorial service","Includes six photographs of Morowitz and others in a work environment","Includes a photograph of a group portrait from 1953","Re-entry talk on September 26, 1993 by Morowitz; Poem titled \"Biosphere 2\"","Drafts and notes for \"The Trinitarian World of Neo-Pantheism,\" \"Athens and Jerusalem,\" \"Teilhard's Two Energies,\" and Emergences chapter one","Morowitz to Yurig Gubkin,","Letters received regarding articles from Hospital Practice,","Teknos vol. XXII, introduction by Morowitz","12 folders of correspondence and articles by Morowitz, some of which are unpublished."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_a51498ea30301f9be795f160ad416439\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe collection includes a draft copy of Energy Flow in Biological Systems (published as Energy Flow in Biology), including chapter and appendix notes, calculations for mathematical operations, and correspondence between the author and his editor; a draft copy of Beginnings of Cellular Life, including the index and notes; a draft copy of The Facts of Life with the author's copy and the original artwork for the illustrations; and working papers, correspondence, and other documents pertaining to his academic career including original poetry written by Morowitz.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The collection includes a draft copy of Energy Flow in Biological Systems (published as Energy Flow in Biology), including chapter and appendix notes, calculations for mathematical operations, and correspondence between the author and his editor; a draft copy of Beginnings of Cellular Life, including the index and notes; a draft copy of The Facts of Life with the author's copy and the original artwork for the illustrations; and working papers, correspondence, and other documents pertaining to his academic career including original poetry written by Morowitz."],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Biosphere 2 (Project)","George Mason University","George Mason University--Faculty"],"names_coll_ssim":["Biosphere 2 (Project)","George Mason University","George Mason University--Faculty"],"persname_ssim":["Morowitz, Harold J."],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Biosphere 2 (Project)","George Mason University","George Mason University--Faculty","Morowitz, Harold J."],"language_ssim":["English\n."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":309,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:52:59.239Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_143_c02"}},{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_575_c08","type":"Series","attributes":{"title":"Administrative Records, 1990/2014","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_575_c08#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_575_c08","ref_ssm":["vifgm_repositories_2_resources_575_c08"],"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_575_c08","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_575","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_575","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_575","parent_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_575","parent_ssim":["George Mason University Writing Across the Curriculum program records, 1980/2014, bulk 1990/2013"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vifgm_repositories_2_resources_575"],"title_filing_ssi":"Administrative Records","title_ssm":["Administrative Records"],"title_tesim":["Administrative Records"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Administrative Records, 1990/2014"],"text":["Administrative Records, 1990/2014","George Mason University Writing Across the Curriculum program records, 1980/2014, bulk 1990/2013"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["George Mason University Writing Across the Curriculum program records, 1980/2014, bulk 1990/2013"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["George Mason University Writing Across the Curriculum program records, 1980/2014, bulk 1990/2013"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1990/2014"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1990-2014"],"level_ssm":["Series"],"level_ssim":["Series"],"component_level_isim":[1],"sort_isi":358,"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"collection_ssim":["George Mason University Writing Across the Curriculum program records, 1980/2014, bulk 1990/2013"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["There are no access restrictions."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["There are no restrictions on personal use. Permission to publish material from the George Mason University Writing Across the Curriculum program records must be obtained from Special Collections and Archives, George Mason University Libraries."],"date_range_isim":[1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014],"_nest_path_":"/components#7","timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:55:07.784Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_575","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_575","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_575","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_575","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_575.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"http://sca.gmu.edu/finding_aids/gmuwac.html","title_ssm":["George Mason University Writing Across the Curriculum program records"],"title_tesim":["George Mason University Writing Across the Curriculum program records"],"unitdate_ssm":["1990-2013","1980-2014"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1980-2014"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1990-2013"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1980/2014, bulk 1990/2013"],"normalized_title_ssm":["George Mason University Writing Across the Curriculum program records, 1980/2014, bulk 1990/2013"],"text":["George Mason University Writing Across the Curriculum program records, 1980/2014, bulk 1990/2013","R0144","Universities and colleges -- Curricula -- Virginia","There are no access restrictions.","This collection is arranged into seven series.","Series 1: Administrative Records, 1990-2014\n      Series 2: Writing Assessment, 1998-2010\n      Series 3: Syllabi under review, 1990-2013\n      Series 4: Peer Tutors/Writing Fellows, 1980-2012\n      Series 5: Writing Awards, 2008-2013\n      Series 6: Writing Intensive Courses, 1990-2012\n      Series 7: Newsletters/George Mason Review, 2000-2013","Sarah Baker, \"GMU WAC Program: Comprehensive Review and Assessment of Program Responsibilities, Initiatives, and Outreach,\" GMU WAC Program, November 2011.","Sarah Baker, \"GMU WAC Program: Comprehensive Review and Assessment of Program Responsibilities, Initiatives, and Outreach,\" GMU WAC Program, November 2011.","The George Mason University Writing Across the Curriculum program's function is to incorporate and improve written communication in all academic departments at the University. The program officially began in 1990, although according to former WAC Assistant Director Sarah Baker, WAC workshops had been taking place at Mason since 1978. The WAC program sets standards for classes designated as Writing Intensive in all academic disciplines - WI classes must require at least 3500 words of writing and provide opportunities for students to revise and improve their written work. WAC has also maintained Peer Tutoring and Writing Fellows programs, providing talented students with opportunities to teach their skills to others. Writing fellows are assigned to specific classes and give feedback on written assignments, while peer tutors assist students through the university's Writing Center, which collaborates with but is no longer directly part of WAC. 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Writing Across the Curriculum program","George Mason University"],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no restrictions on personal use. 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The program officially began in 1990, although according to former WAC Assistant Director Sarah Baker, WAC workshops had been taking place at Mason since 1978. The WAC program sets standards for classes designated as Writing Intensive in all academic disciplines - WI classes must require at least 3500 words of writing and provide opportunities for students to revise and improve their written work. WAC has also maintained Peer Tutoring and Writing Fellows programs, providing talented students with opportunities to teach their skills to others. Writing fellows are assigned to specific classes and give feedback on written assignments, while peer tutors assist students through the university's Writing Center, which collaborates with but is no longer directly part of WAC. WAC also supports departmental awards for excellent undergraduate writing, as well as producing a newsletter and collaborating with the George Mason Review, an undergraduate academic journal.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["The George Mason University Writing Across the Curriculum program's function is to incorporate and improve written communication in all academic departments at the University. The program officially began in 1990, although according to former WAC Assistant Director Sarah Baker, WAC workshops had been taking place at Mason since 1978. The WAC program sets standards for classes designated as Writing Intensive in all academic disciplines - WI classes must require at least 3500 words of writing and provide opportunities for students to revise and improve their written work. WAC has also maintained Peer Tutoring and Writing Fellows programs, providing talented students with opportunities to teach their skills to others. Writing fellows are assigned to specific classes and give feedback on written assignments, while peer tutors assist students through the university's Writing Center, which collaborates with but is no longer directly part of WAC. WAC also supports departmental awards for excellent undergraduate writing, as well as producing a newsletter and collaborating with the George Mason Review, an undergraduate academic journal."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGeorge Mason University Writing Across the Curriculum program records, R0144, Special Collections and Archives, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["George Mason University Writing Across the Curriculum program records, R0144, Special Collections and Archives, George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessing completed by Tyler Chadwell and Elizabeth Beckman in Fall 2014. EAD markup completed by Elizabeth Beckman in December 2014.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processing completed by Tyler Chadwell and Elizabeth Beckman in Fall 2014. EAD markup completed by Elizabeth Beckman in December 2014."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of records created as part of George Mason University's Writing Across the Curriculum program. It includes documents produced as a result of the administration of the program, such as surveys of students and faculty members, correspondence, notes, statistics, meeting summaries, reports, and information related to student writing awards, as well as material produced by academic departments and faculty, such as criteria for assessing writing within different academic departments and syllabi from writing-intensive courses. Also included are records related to Writing Fellows and Peer Tutors associated with specific classes and with the university's Writing Center, as well as planning notes from and copies of the WAC program's Newsletter and the George Mason Review. The records date from 1980-2014, with the bulk of materials dating from 1990-2013.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Series 1: Administrative Records contains statistical information, surveys, summaries, reports, correspondence, and general information related to the implementation and regular operations of the Writing Across the Curriculum program.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Series 2: Writing Assessment contains meeting minutes, correspondence, notes, and lists from the Writing Assessment Group, as well as rubrics, sample essays, reports, and records of workshops for various academic departments.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Series 3: Syllabi under review contains syllabi from classes to be designated as writing-intensive organized by academic department. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  Series 4: Peer Tutors/Writing Fellows contains Peer Tutoring course information, as well as employment information and files on individual Writing Fellows and Peer Tutors, including faculty recommendations and student evaluations of Writing Fellows. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Series 5: Writing Awards contains budget lists, correspondence, and photocopies of certificates for student departmental writing awards. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  Series 6: Writing Intensive Courses includes criteria, reports, proposals, and correspondence related to the designation of courses as writing intensive. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  Series 7: Newsletters/George Mason Review contains planning materials and copies of WAC newsletters and the George Mason Review.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eThis series contains records related to the implementation and regular operations of the Writing Across the Curriculum program.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series contains records from the Writing Assessment Group, as well as rubrics, sample essays, reports, and records of workshops for various academic departments.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series contains syllabi from classes to be designated as writing-intensive organized by academic department.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series contains Peer Tutoring course information, as well as employment information and files on individual Writing Fellows and Peer Tutors.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series contains budget lists, correspondence, and photocopies of certificates for student departmental writing awards.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes criteria, reports, proposals, and correspondence related to the designation of courses as writing intensive.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series contains planning materials and copies of WAC newsletters and the George Mason Review.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection consists of records created as part of George Mason University's Writing Across the Curriculum program. It includes documents produced as a result of the administration of the program, such as surveys of students and faculty members, correspondence, notes, statistics, meeting summaries, reports, and information related to student writing awards, as well as material produced by academic departments and faculty, such as criteria for assessing writing within different academic departments and syllabi from writing-intensive courses. Also included are records related to Writing Fellows and Peer Tutors associated with specific classes and with the university's Writing Center, as well as planning notes from and copies of the WAC program's Newsletter and the George Mason Review. The records date from 1980-2014, with the bulk of materials dating from 1990-2013.","Series 1: Administrative Records contains statistical information, surveys, summaries, reports, correspondence, and general information related to the implementation and regular operations of the Writing Across the Curriculum program.","Series 2: Writing Assessment contains meeting minutes, correspondence, notes, and lists from the Writing Assessment Group, as well as rubrics, sample essays, reports, and records of workshops for various academic departments.","Series 3: Syllabi under review contains syllabi from classes to be designated as writing-intensive organized by academic department.","Series 4: Peer Tutors/Writing Fellows contains Peer Tutoring course information, as well as employment information and files on individual Writing Fellows and Peer Tutors, including faculty recommendations and student evaluations of Writing Fellows.","Series 5: Writing Awards contains budget lists, correspondence, and photocopies of certificates for student departmental writing awards.","Series 6: Writing Intensive Courses includes criteria, reports, proposals, and correspondence related to the designation of courses as writing intensive.","Series 7: Newsletters/George Mason Review contains planning materials and copies of WAC newsletters and the George Mason Review.","This series contains records related to the implementation and regular operations of the Writing Across the Curriculum program.","This series contains records from the Writing Assessment Group, as well as rubrics, sample essays, reports, and records of workshops for various academic departments.","This series contains syllabi from classes to be designated as writing-intensive organized by academic department.","This series contains Peer Tutoring course information, as well as employment information and files on individual Writing Fellows and Peer Tutors.","This series contains budget lists, correspondence, and photocopies of certificates for student departmental writing awards.","This series includes criteria, reports, proposals, and correspondence related to the designation of courses as writing intensive.","This series contains planning materials and copies of WAC newsletters and the George Mason Review."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions on personal use. Permission to publish material from the George Mason University Writing Across the Curriculum program records must be obtained from Special Collections and Archives, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions on personal use. Permission to publish material from the George Mason University Writing Across the Curriculum program records must be obtained from Special Collections and Archives, George Mason University Libraries."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_ref3\"\u003eRecords of George Mason University's Writing Across the Curriculum program, which promotes writing proficiency in all academic disciplines at the University.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["Records of George Mason University's Writing Across the Curriculum program, which promotes writing proficiency in all academic disciplines at the University."],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","George Mason University. Writing Across the Curriculum program","George Mason University"],"names_coll_ssim":["George Mason University"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","George Mason University. Writing Across the Curriculum program","George Mason University"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":364,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:55:07.784Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_575_c08"}},{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_110_c01","type":"Series","attributes":{"title":"Agnes Wolf papers, 1966/2006","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_110_c01#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_110_c01","ref_ssm":["vifgm_repositories_2_resources_110_c01"],"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_110_c01","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_110","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_110","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_110","parent_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_110","parent_ssim":["Agnes Wolf papers, 1966/2006"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vifgm_repositories_2_resources_110"],"title_filing_ssi":"Agnes Wolf papers","title_ssm":["Agnes Wolf papers"],"title_tesim":["Agnes Wolf papers"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Agnes Wolf papers, 1966/2006"],"text":["Agnes Wolf papers, 1966/2006","Agnes Wolf papers, 1966/2006"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Agnes Wolf papers, 1966/2006"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Agnes Wolf papers, 1966/2006"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1966/2006"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1966-2006"],"level_ssm":["Series"],"level_ssim":["Series"],"component_level_isim":[1],"sort_isi":1,"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"collection_ssim":["Agnes Wolf papers, 1966/2006"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":288,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection is open to research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"date_range_isim":[1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents note"],"_nest_path_":"/components#0","timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:52:46.231Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_110","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_110","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_110","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_110","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_110.xml","title_ssm":["Agnes Wolf papers"],"title_tesim":["Agnes Wolf papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1966-2006"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1966-2006"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1966/2006"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Agnes Wolf papers, 1966/2006"],"text":["Agnes Wolf papers, 1966/2006","C0181","/repositories/2/resources/110","Northern Virginia","Virginia, Northern","Virginia, Northern -- Politics and government","Fairfax Region (Va.) -- Politics and government","Politics","Political campaigns -- Virginia","Women political activists","Correspondence","Collection is open to research.","Organized by subject and date.","Agnes Wolf has been an active member of Northern Virginia's Democratic party since the 1970s. 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Gartlan Jr.","Do's and Don'ts of Poll Workers","Volunteers, Tips, Fliers","DDDC party contribution list","Newspaper Articles, Correspondence","Correspondence","Correspondence, Budget","Beyer Campaign, Fairfax County Democratic Committee, Dranesville District Democratic Committee, State Democratic Committee, House of Delegate Races","In a Blue Binder; Solicitation Lists, Assignments, Contributors","Newspaper Articles, Statements, Correspondence","Newspaper Articles, Correspondence","Dranesville District Democratic Committee","Announcements, Board of Directors, Newsletters","Brochures, Articles","Stickers, Invitations, Fliers, Correspondence","Memos, Newspaper Articles","Newspaper Articles","ASW Memo, Political housekeeping","Correspondence, Newspaper Articles","Newspaper Articles, Correspondence","Budgets, Finance, Memos, Agendas","Includes Certificate of Appreciations from Franklin Roosevelt","Times, African Heritage","Correspondence, Fliers","Newspaper Articles, Correspondence, Invitations","Meeting Minutes, Newsletters","Correspondence","Newspaper Articles, Newsletters, Invitations, letters","Articles, Correspondences, Reports","For Attorney General","Invitations, Articles, Program","Newspaper Articles","Voter Lists, Newspaper Articles","Newspaper Articles, Mailing Lists","Mary Sue Terry, Newspaper Articles, Correspondence","Newspaper Articles, Business Cards, Correspondence","Lists","Newspaper Articles, Voter Lists","In a Blue Binder, Volunteer Lists","Newspaper Articles, The Democrat, Official Returns","The Democrat, Election day Worker Schedules","Agenda","Correspondence, Poll Information","Brochures, Articles, Correspondence","House of Delegates, 34th District, Vincent Callahan; Newspaper Articles, Correspondence, Action Plan","Invitation, Capitol Steps","Fairfax County Democratic Committee; Program, Fundraising, Finances, Membership Information, Correspondence","Chairman; Newspaper Articles, Newsletters, Fliers, Thank You Letters","Dranesville Supervisor, Voting Lists, Press Release, Fliers, Invitation, Newspaper Articles","Special Meeting, Firehouse Primary","Memo, Invitations","Bill Clinton, Al Gore","Support Lists, Candidates, Fliers","Support List, Dinner Guest List","Subscription, Fundraising","Guaranteed Floor, Fundraising, Len Parkinson","On Choice, For Senate","What are people saying?","Correspondence","Sample letter","Newspaper Articles","Newspaper Articles","Member List","Fairfax County Democratic Committee","Fairfax County Democratic Committee, Correspondence","Correspondence, Newsletters, Fliers, The Democrat","Poll Volunteer List","Chuck Robb, Newsletter, Correspondence","Newspaper Articles, Correspondence","The Democrat, Invitations, Call Lists, Program","Budget and Finance","Fairfax County Democratic Committee, Officers and Chairs","Fairfax County Democratic Committee","Advisor List, Addresses, Calling Lists","Herndon, Volunteer Lists","Correspondence","Women's National Democratic Club News, Political Action Dispatch on George W. 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Doug Wilder, Jerry Baliles, Mary Sue Terry, Ken Plum","Supervisor Race- Finance, memorandums and notes","correspondence between Rufus Phillips and Agnes Wolf, an open letter to Rufus Phillips, notes, articles","Supervisor Race - Genl , Misc; notes, correspondence, drafts of speeches, campaign manual","notes and memorandums concerning construction in McLean","notes and correspondence discussing campaign finance","notes and articles for the publication, What's Happening in Dranesville","newspaper articles and correspondence concerning the gubernatorial race in 1977","correspondence and newspaper articles discussing the Virginia House of Delegates Race in 1977","correspondence, newspaper articles, notes, and campaign publications concerning the Senate primary in Virginia in 1977-1978","correspondence, newspaper articles, notes about Andy Miller's US Senate campaign in 1978","notes, correspondence, campaign publications, newspaper articles about Maya Huber's campaign for Supervisor in 1979","an organizational guide to winning elections put together by the Fairfax County Democratic Convention","directory, notes, bylaws, and correspondence of the Fairfax County Democratic Committee in 1998 and 2008","meeting minutes, convention plans, newspaper articles, campaign publications, The Fairfax County Democrat for the 10th district in 1972","The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)","This collection contains material from Agnes Wolf's work with the Dranesville District Democratic Committe, the Fairfax County Democratic Committee, the Democratic National Committee, the Women's Leaderships Forum, the McLean Citizens Association and other political organizations. 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Al Gore Campaign\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence, Fliers, Pamphlets; Al Gore Campaign\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArticles, Fliers, Pamphlets; Robb's Campaign\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVoter Lists\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVoting Lists\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDranesville District,\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence, Fliers\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLists, Jobs, Numbers\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVoting List\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNewspaper Articles\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNewspaper Articles\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNewsletter\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArticle, Correspondence\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVoting List\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNewspaper Articles; The Virginia Democrat; National Tribute to President Clinton\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence, Newspaper Articles\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReports, Meeting Minutes; Newspaper Articles on Warner\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInvitations\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReports, Meeting Minutes\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eKenmore Voting List\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInvitations, Lists\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence, Calendar, Agenda\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContact List, Newsletters, Fliers\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVoter List, Precinct 309\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVoter List, Precinct 309\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNewspaper Article on Warner\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNewspaper Articles\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLists\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence, Lists\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVoter Lists, Newspaper Articles on Tim Kaine\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVoting Lists\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVoting Lists, Correspondence, Ballots\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePoll Coverage and Results\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVoter Lists\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVoter Lists\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVoter Lists\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVoter Lists\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eElection day guidelines\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGuest list, Invitations\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVolunteer List and Jobs\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNewspaper Articles, Correspondence, Fliers\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNewspaper Articles, Correspondence\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVoting Lists, Correspondence, Unofficial Returns\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eElection Day Worker Schedule\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVoting List, Election Day Worker Schedule\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence, Fliers\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBrochures, Information\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1992 Democratic Party Convention, Bill Clinton\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Democrat, Newsletter, Newspaper Articles\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e3 undated photographs, Invitations, Get Well Card\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Democrat, The McLean Providence Journal, Sun Gazette; Bill Clinton campaign memorabilia in envelope\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence, Newspaper Articles, Campaign Mailings\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDranesville\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDranesville District Democratic Committee information, budget, fund-raising\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClive Duval, Newspaper Articles\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1998 Road to Richmond Ball, 1999 Jefferson-Jackson Day Dinner honoring Senator Joseph V. Gartlan Jr.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDo's and Don'ts of Poll Workers\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVolunteers, Tips, Fliers\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDDDC party contribution list\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNewspaper Articles, Correspondence\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence, Budget\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBeyer Campaign, Fairfax County Democratic Committee, Dranesville District Democratic Committee, State Democratic Committee, House of Delegate Races\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn a Blue Binder; Solicitation Lists, Assignments, Contributors\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNewspaper Articles, Statements, Correspondence\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNewspaper Articles, Correspondence\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDranesville District Democratic Committee\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAnnouncements, Board of Directors, Newsletters\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBrochures, Articles\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eStickers, Invitations, Fliers, Correspondence\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMemos, Newspaper Articles\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNewspaper Articles\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eASW Memo, Political housekeeping\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence, Newspaper Articles\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNewspaper Articles, Correspondence\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBudgets, Finance, Memos, Agendas\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes Certificate of Appreciations from Franklin Roosevelt\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTimes, African Heritage\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence, Fliers\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNewspaper Articles, Correspondence, Invitations\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMeeting Minutes, Newsletters\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNewspaper Articles, Newsletters, Invitations, letters\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArticles, Correspondences, Reports\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor Attorney General\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInvitations, Articles, Program\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNewspaper Articles\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVoter Lists, Newspaper Articles\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNewspaper Articles, Mailing Lists\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMary Sue Terry, Newspaper Articles, Correspondence\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNewspaper Articles, Business Cards, Correspondence\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLists\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNewspaper Articles, Voter Lists\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn a Blue Binder, Volunteer Lists\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNewspaper Articles, The Democrat, Official Returns\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Democrat, Election day Worker Schedules\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAgenda\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence, Poll Information\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBrochures, Articles, Correspondence\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHouse of Delegates, 34th District, Vincent Callahan; Newspaper Articles, Correspondence, Action Plan\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInvitation, Capitol Steps\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFairfax County Democratic Committee; Program, Fundraising, Finances, Membership Information, Correspondence\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eChairman; Newspaper Articles, Newsletters, Fliers, Thank You Letters\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDranesville Supervisor, Voting Lists, Press Release, Fliers, Invitation, Newspaper Articles\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSpecial Meeting, Firehouse Primary\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMemo, Invitations\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBill Clinton, Al Gore\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSupport Lists, Candidates, Fliers\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSupport List, Dinner Guest List\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubscription, Fundraising\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGuaranteed Floor, Fundraising, Len Parkinson\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOn Choice, For Senate\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWhat are people saying?\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSample letter\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNewspaper Articles\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNewspaper Articles\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMember List\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFairfax County Democratic Committee\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFairfax County Democratic Committee, Correspondence\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence, Newsletters, Fliers, The Democrat\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePoll Volunteer List\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eChuck Robb, Newsletter, Correspondence\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNewspaper Articles, Correspondence\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Democrat, Invitations, Call Lists, Program\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBudget and Finance\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFairfax County Democratic Committee, Officers and Chairs\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFairfax County Democratic Committee\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAdvisor List, Addresses, Calling Lists\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHerndon, Volunteer Lists\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWomen's National Democratic Club News, Political Action Dispatch on George W. Bush\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGoverning board Meeting\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCommittee and Task Force Report, Meeting\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence, Lease, Reports\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAttendance, \"How to Communicate with Congress\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence, Pamphlets, \"Balancing Access and Integrity\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence, Newspaper Articles\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNewspaper Articles\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecord, Newspaper Articles\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence, Dinner Invitation and Lists, Voting Lists\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"The Threat of Biological and Chemical Warfare\", Correspondence, Newspaper Articles\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence, Newspaper Articles, Leslie Byrne\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJim Moran, \"When the Right to Vote Goes Wrong\", Correspondence, Statements\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInvitation, Correspondence, Guest List\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSilent Auction Items, Jefferson-Jackson Day Programs\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSchedule of Volunteers, Poll Materials and Information, Proposed Constitutional Amendments\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSchedule of Volunteers, Poll Materials and Information, Proposed Constitutional Amendments\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVolunteer List, Dranesville District Democratic Committee Information\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eElection Day Worker Schedule, Fliers, Election Day Activities\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNewspaper Articles, Fliers, Correspondence\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFliers, Stickers, Newspaper Articles, Correspondence\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNewspaper Articles, Correspondence, Virginia's Seventh Annual Kennedy-King Dinner (October 22)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSpirt of '96, Newspaper Articles, Bob Weinberg for Congress\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence, President Elector\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDemocratic Women's Lunch\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAgenda, Delegate or Alternate Prefiling Form, Democratic Party of Virginia 1996 State Convention\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eElection Day Volunteers, Voter Lists, Call Lists\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVolunteer Schedule, Election Day Strategy\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDon Beyer, Correspondence, Voter Lists\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVoter Lists, Election Day Work Schedule\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eElection Day Work Schedule\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMailers\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence, Newspaper Article\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence, The Democrat, Voting Lists, Newspaper Articles\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Democrat\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNewspaper Articles, 2003 Citizen of the Year\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eElection Results Reform\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence, Attendance List\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCampaign Pamphlets\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInvitations, Invite List, Fliers, Correspondence\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence, Newspaper Article\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCampaign Pamphlets, Stickers, Promotions\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReceipts, Correspondence, Campaign Mail\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWomen's Action for New Directions, Hillary Rodham Clinton Support Network\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMailer\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAn Action Bulletin for Women's Rights\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence, Newspaper Articles\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProgram, Agenda\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence, Fliers\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence, National Conference, Memorials, Women's Issues\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMembers of Advisory Board, Caucus Meeting Agenda\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eElection Reform Agenda, Guide to Citizen Action\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCards, Voting Lists, Fliers\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBrochures\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCopies\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Political Standard, Correspondence\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReport to Congress\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence, Newspaper Articles, Trouble for Public Broadcasting\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCongressional District Convention, Correspondence\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePro-Choice, Newspaper Articles, Cards, Correspondence\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJohn Kerry, Jefferson-Jackson Day Dinner, Newspaper Articles\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAgenda, Correspondence, School Schedule, Reorganization Meeting\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence, The Democrat, Fairfax Committee of 100, Andy Rosenberg\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCampaign Pamphlets, Correspondence, Frank Wolf, Wesley Clark, Newspaper Articles\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNewspaper Articles, Biography of Carter, Collection of Views\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIntroduction, Correspondence, Newspaper Articles, Clive, Rufus\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBoard of Directors Meeting, ByLaws, Treasury Report, Planning and Zoning Committee Report, The Woodsider\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMcLean Providence Journal, Contact list, McLean Letter, Staff Report, Planning and Zonging Committee\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBoard Meeting Minutes, Correspondence, ByLaws, Land Use Resolution, Trails-Parkland, Memos, Northern Virginia Regional Park Authority\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAdelard Brault, 1966 Comprehensive Plan, 1970 Central Area Plan, Land Use and Abuse\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBoard Meeting Minutes, Budget and Economics Committee, Newspaper Articles, 1976 Annual Federation Review of Fairfax County's Advertised Fiscal Plan\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSuggested Revisions and Amendments to Report on Land Use Review by Team \"D\" Land Use Subcommittee, Planning District Taskforce\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNewspaper Articles, Correspondence, Candidates, The McLean Providence Journal\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReport of Permanent Rules Committee, The Democrat, Women's Political Caucus Membership List,\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAttorney General, Newspaper Articles, Biography, Invitations\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversized Box; Doug Wilder, Jerry Baliles, Mary Sue Terry, Ken Plum\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSupervisor Race- Finance, memorandums and notes\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ecorrespondence between Rufus Phillips and Agnes Wolf, an open letter to Rufus Phillips, notes, articles\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSupervisor Race - Genl , Misc; notes, correspondence, drafts of speeches, campaign manual\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003enotes and memorandums concerning construction in McLean\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003enotes and correspondence discussing campaign finance\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003enotes and articles for the publication, What's Happening in Dranesville\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003enewspaper articles and correspondence concerning the gubernatorial race in 1977\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ecorrespondence and newspaper articles discussing the Virginia House of Delegates Race in 1977\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ecorrespondence, newspaper articles, notes, and campaign publications concerning the Senate primary in Virginia in 1977-1978\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ecorrespondence, newspaper articles, notes about Andy Miller's US Senate campaign in 1978\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003enotes, correspondence, campaign publications, newspaper articles about Maya Huber's campaign for Supervisor in 1979\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ean organizational guide to winning elections put together by the Fairfax County Democratic Convention\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003edirectory, notes, bylaws, and correspondence of the Fairfax County Democratic Committee in 1998 and 2008\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003emeeting minutes, convention plans, newspaper articles, campaign publications, The Fairfax County Democrat for the 10th district in 1972\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains material from Agnes Wolf's work with the Dranesville District Democratic Committee, the Fairfax County Democratic Committee, the Democratic National Committee, the Women's Leaderships Forum, McLean Citizens Association and other political organizations. The material consists of correspondence with candidates and other supporters of the Democratic party, campaign memorabilia, committee reports, photographs and voter data and information.","Correspondence with Ann Lewis and Colbert King; Democratic National Committee; Women's Vote Center; Women's Leadership Forum","Officers, Members, Minutes, Reports","Program; Articles on Republican election practices","Woman's National Democratic Club Election Reform Task Force; Articles on election reform","Political Action Room correspondence","Newsletters","Pamphlet","Newspaper articles on Moran","Janet Howell; Emails about Republican poll; Newspaper articles","Email Correspondence, Newspaper Articles, Fliers","John Foust for Supervisor material","Gerry Connolly, John Foust; Newspaper articles, correspondence","Supervisor Race for Dranesville","Dranesville; Newspaper Article, Announcement","Dranesville; Newspaper Article, Announcement","Election Day Volunteers and Jobs","Addresses","Election Day Volunteers and Jobs","Election Day Volunteers and Jobs","Correspondence, Campaign material","Correspondence, Booklets, Memorandums","Correspondence; The Political Standard","Articles and Correspondence on Iraq War; Correspondence on Miguel Estrada Nomination","Booklet and Information on Freedman's Village, Arlington, Virginia","Carol Pensky correspondence","Newspaper Articles","Candidate Lists and Information","Pro-Choice, Correspondence","Voting Lists","Voting Lists","Articles, Correspondence, Fliers; Al Gore Campaign","Correspondence, Fliers, Pamphlets; Al Gore Campaign","Articles, Fliers, Pamphlets; Robb's Campaign","Voter Lists","Voting Lists","Dranesville District,","Correspondence, Fliers","Lists, Jobs, Numbers","Correspondence","Voting List","Newspaper Articles","Newspaper Articles","Newsletter","Article, Correspondence","Voting List","Newspaper Articles; The Virginia Democrat; National Tribute to President Clinton","Correspondence, Newspaper Articles","Reports, Meeting Minutes; Newspaper Articles on Warner","Invitations","Reports, Meeting Minutes","Kenmore Voting List","Invitations, Lists","Correspondence","Correspondence, Calendar, Agenda","Contact List, Newsletters, Fliers","Voter List, Precinct 309","Voter List, Precinct 309","Newspaper Article on Warner","Newspaper Articles","Lists","Correspondence, Lists","Correspondence","Voter Lists, Newspaper Articles on Tim Kaine","Voting Lists","Voting Lists, Correspondence, Ballots","Poll Coverage and Results","Voter Lists","Voter Lists","Voter Lists","Voter Lists","Election day guidelines","Guest list, Invitations","Volunteer List and Jobs","Newspaper Articles, Correspondence, Fliers","Newspaper Articles, Correspondence","Voting Lists, Correspondence, Unofficial Returns","Correspondence","Election Day Worker Schedule","Voting List, Election Day Worker Schedule","Correspondence, Fliers","Brochures, Information","1992 Democratic Party Convention, Bill Clinton","The Democrat, Newsletter, Newspaper Articles","3 undated photographs, Invitations, Get Well Card","The Democrat, The McLean Providence Journal, Sun Gazette; Bill Clinton campaign memorabilia in envelope","Correspondence, Newspaper Articles, Campaign Mailings","Dranesville","Dranesville District Democratic Committee information, budget, fund-raising","Clive Duval, Newspaper Articles","1998 Road to Richmond Ball, 1999 Jefferson-Jackson Day Dinner honoring Senator Joseph V. Gartlan Jr.","Do's and Don'ts of Poll Workers","Volunteers, Tips, Fliers","DDDC party contribution list","Newspaper Articles, Correspondence","Correspondence","Correspondence, Budget","Beyer Campaign, Fairfax County Democratic Committee, Dranesville District Democratic Committee, State Democratic Committee, House of Delegate Races","In a Blue Binder; Solicitation Lists, Assignments, Contributors","Newspaper Articles, Statements, Correspondence","Newspaper Articles, Correspondence","Dranesville District Democratic Committee","Announcements, Board of Directors, Newsletters","Brochures, Articles","Stickers, Invitations, Fliers, Correspondence","Memos, Newspaper Articles","Newspaper Articles","ASW Memo, Political housekeeping","Correspondence, Newspaper Articles","Newspaper Articles, Correspondence","Budgets, Finance, Memos, Agendas","Includes Certificate of Appreciations from Franklin Roosevelt","Times, African Heritage","Correspondence, Fliers","Newspaper Articles, Correspondence, Invitations","Meeting Minutes, Newsletters","Correspondence","Newspaper Articles, Newsletters, Invitations, letters","Articles, Correspondences, Reports","For Attorney General","Invitations, Articles, Program","Newspaper Articles","Voter Lists, Newspaper Articles","Newspaper Articles, Mailing Lists","Mary Sue Terry, Newspaper Articles, Correspondence","Newspaper Articles, Business Cards, Correspondence","Lists","Newspaper Articles, Voter Lists","In a Blue Binder, Volunteer Lists","Newspaper Articles, The Democrat, Official Returns","The Democrat, Election day Worker Schedules","Agenda","Correspondence, Poll Information","Brochures, Articles, Correspondence","House of Delegates, 34th District, Vincent Callahan; Newspaper Articles, Correspondence, Action Plan","Invitation, Capitol Steps","Fairfax County Democratic Committee; Program, Fundraising, Finances, Membership Information, Correspondence","Chairman; Newspaper Articles, Newsletters, Fliers, Thank You Letters","Dranesville Supervisor, Voting Lists, Press Release, Fliers, Invitation, Newspaper Articles","Special Meeting, Firehouse Primary","Memo, Invitations","Bill Clinton, Al Gore","Support Lists, Candidates, Fliers","Support List, Dinner Guest List","Subscription, Fundraising","Guaranteed Floor, Fundraising, Len Parkinson","On Choice, For Senate","What are people saying?","Correspondence","Sample letter","Newspaper Articles","Newspaper Articles","Member List","Fairfax County Democratic Committee","Fairfax County Democratic Committee, Correspondence","Correspondence, Newsletters, Fliers, The Democrat","Poll Volunteer List","Chuck Robb, Newsletter, Correspondence","Newspaper Articles, Correspondence","The Democrat, Invitations, Call Lists, Program","Budget and Finance","Fairfax County Democratic Committee, Officers and Chairs","Fairfax County Democratic Committee","Advisor List, Addresses, Calling Lists","Herndon, Volunteer Lists","Correspondence","Women's National Democratic Club News, Political Action Dispatch on George W. Bush","Governing board Meeting","Committee and Task Force Report, Meeting","Correspondence, Lease, Reports","Correspondence","Attendance, \"How to Communicate with Congress\"","Correspondence, Pamphlets, \"Balancing Access and Integrity\"","Correspondence, Newspaper Articles","Newspaper Articles","Correspondence","Correspondence","Record, Newspaper Articles","Correspondence, Dinner Invitation and Lists, Voting Lists","\"The Threat of Biological and Chemical Warfare\", Correspondence, Newspaper Articles","Correspondence, Newspaper Articles, Leslie Byrne","Jim Moran, \"When the Right to Vote Goes Wrong\", Correspondence, Statements","Correspondence","Invitation, Correspondence, Guest List","Correspondence","Silent Auction Items, Jefferson-Jackson Day Programs","Schedule of Volunteers, Poll Materials and Information, Proposed Constitutional Amendments","Schedule of Volunteers, Poll Materials and Information, Proposed Constitutional Amendments","Volunteer List, Dranesville District Democratic Committee Information","Election Day Worker Schedule, Fliers, Election Day Activities","Newspaper Articles, Fliers, Correspondence","Fliers, Stickers, Newspaper Articles, Correspondence","Newspaper Articles, Correspondence, Virginia's Seventh Annual Kennedy-King Dinner (October 22)","Spirt of '96, Newspaper Articles, Bob Weinberg for Congress","Correspondence, President Elector","Democratic Women's Lunch","Agenda, Delegate or Alternate Prefiling Form, Democratic Party of Virginia 1996 State Convention","Election Day Volunteers, Voter Lists, Call Lists","Volunteer Schedule, Election Day Strategy","Don Beyer, Correspondence, Voter Lists","Voter Lists, Election Day Work Schedule","Election Day Work Schedule","Mailers","Correspondence, Newspaper Article","Correspondence, The Democrat, Voting Lists, Newspaper Articles","The Democrat","Newspaper Articles, 2003 Citizen of the Year","Election Results Reform","Correspondence, Attendance List","Campaign Pamphlets","Invitations, Invite List, Fliers, Correspondence","Correspondence, Newspaper Article","Campaign Pamphlets, Stickers, Promotions","Receipts, Correspondence, Campaign Mail","Women's Action for New Directions, Hillary Rodham Clinton Support Network","Mailer","An Action Bulletin for Women's Rights","Correspondence, Newspaper Articles","Correspondence","Program, Agenda","Correspondence, Fliers","Correspondence, National Conference, Memorials, Women's Issues","Members of Advisory Board, Caucus Meeting Agenda","Election Reform Agenda, Guide to Citizen Action","Correspondence","Cards, Voting Lists, Fliers","Brochures","Copies","The Political Standard, Correspondence","Report to Congress","Correspondence, Newspaper Articles, Trouble for Public Broadcasting","Congressional District Convention, Correspondence","Pro-Choice, Newspaper Articles, Cards, Correspondence","John Kerry, Jefferson-Jackson Day Dinner, Newspaper Articles","Agenda, Correspondence, School Schedule, Reorganization Meeting","Correspondence, The Democrat, Fairfax Committee of 100, Andy Rosenberg","Campaign Pamphlets, Correspondence, Frank Wolf, Wesley Clark, Newspaper Articles","Newspaper Articles, Biography of Carter, Collection of Views","Introduction, Correspondence, Newspaper Articles, Clive, Rufus","Board of Directors Meeting, ByLaws, Treasury Report, Planning and Zoning Committee Report, The Woodsider","McLean Providence Journal, Contact list, McLean Letter, Staff Report, Planning and Zonging Committee","Board Meeting Minutes, Correspondence, ByLaws, Land Use Resolution, Trails-Parkland, Memos, Northern Virginia Regional Park Authority","Adelard Brault, 1966 Comprehensive Plan, 1970 Central Area Plan, Land Use and Abuse","Board Meeting Minutes, Budget and Economics Committee, Newspaper Articles, 1976 Annual Federation Review of Fairfax County's Advertised Fiscal Plan","Suggested Revisions and Amendments to Report on Land Use Review by Team \"D\" Land Use Subcommittee, Planning District Taskforce","Newspaper Articles, Correspondence, Candidates, The McLean Providence Journal","Report of Permanent Rules Committee, The Democrat, Women's Political Caucus Membership List,","Attorney General, Newspaper Articles, Biography, Invitations","Oversized Box; Doug Wilder, Jerry Baliles, Mary Sue Terry, Ken Plum","Supervisor Race- Finance, memorandums and notes","correspondence between Rufus Phillips and Agnes Wolf, an open letter to Rufus Phillips, notes, articles","Supervisor Race - Genl , Misc; notes, correspondence, drafts of speeches, campaign manual","notes and memorandums concerning construction in McLean","notes and correspondence discussing campaign finance","notes and articles for the publication, What's Happening in Dranesville","newspaper articles and correspondence concerning the gubernatorial race in 1977","correspondence and newspaper articles discussing the Virginia House of Delegates Race in 1977","correspondence, newspaper articles, notes, and campaign publications concerning the Senate primary in Virginia in 1977-1978","correspondence, newspaper articles, notes about Andy Miller's US Senate campaign in 1978","notes, correspondence, campaign publications, newspaper articles about Maya Huber's campaign for Supervisor in 1979","an organizational guide to winning elections put together by the Fairfax County Democratic Convention","directory, notes, bylaws, and correspondence of the Fairfax County Democratic Committee in 1998 and 2008","meeting minutes, convention plans, newspaper articles, campaign publications, The Fairfax County Democrat for the 10th district in 1972"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_66f37390d5e326a7c02049f7d5cd8256\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThis collection contains material from Agnes Wolf's work with the Dranesville District Democratic Committe, the Fairfax County Democratic Committee, the Democratic National Committee, the Women's Leaderships Forum, the McLean Citizens Association and other political organizations. The material consists of correspondence, campaign memorabilia, committee reports, photographs and voter data and information.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["This collection contains material from Agnes Wolf's work with the Dranesville District Democratic Committe, the Fairfax County Democratic Committee, the Democratic National Committee, the Women's Leaderships Forum, the McLean Citizens Association and other political organizations. The material consists of correspondence, campaign memorabilia, committee reports, photographs and voter data and information."],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Democratic Party (U.S.)"],"names_coll_ssim":["Democratic Party (U.S.)","Wolf, Agnes Strauss, 1925-2012"],"persname_ssim":["Wolf, Agnes Strauss, 1925-2012"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Democratic Party (U.S.)","Wolf, Agnes Strauss, 1925-2012"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":289,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:52:46.231Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_110_c01"}},{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_82_c01","type":"Series","attributes":{"title":"Charles A. Veatch papers, 1970/2004","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_82_c01#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_82_c01","ref_ssm":["vifgm_repositories_2_resources_82_c01"],"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_82_c01","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_82","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_82","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_82","parent_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_82","parent_ssim":["Charles A. Veatch papers, 1970/2004"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vifgm_repositories_2_resources_82"],"title_filing_ssi":"Charles A. Veatch papers","title_ssm":["Charles A. Veatch papers"],"title_tesim":["Charles A. Veatch papers"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Charles A. Veatch papers, 1970/2004"],"text":["Charles A. Veatch papers, 1970/2004","Charles A. Veatch papers, 1970/2004"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Charles A. Veatch papers, 1970/2004"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Charles A. Veatch papers, 1970/2004"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1970/2004"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1970-2004"],"level_ssm":["Series"],"level_ssim":["Series"],"component_level_isim":[1],"sort_isi":1,"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"collection_ssim":["Charles A. 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Veatch papers"],"title_tesim":["Charles A. Veatch papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1970-2004"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1970-2004"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1970/2004"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Charles A. Veatch papers, 1970/2004"],"text":["Charles A. Veatch papers, 1970/2004","C0138","/repositories/2/resources/82","Reston (Va.)","Reston (Va.) -- History","Reston Town Center (Va.)","Housing","Planned communities -- Virginia -- Reston","Photography -- Negatives","Planned communities","Photographic prints","Video recordings","Newspapers","Negatives","Photographs","There are no access restrictions.","This collection is arranged according to subject.","Charles A. Veatch was born in 1942 in Washington, D.C. He obtained his B.S. in Finance from the University of Virginia (UVA) in 1964. During the summer of 1964, he began working for Palindrome Corporation under Robert E. Simon, the developer of Reston, Virginia, and in 1968 moved to Reston with his wife and two children. Veatch obtained his real estate license in 1960, while still a student at UVA. He started his own real estate development and consulting firm, Environmental Concepts, Inc., in 1970. He soon developed many residential and commercial projects throughout Northern Virginia, including ones in Reston.","For decades, Veatch has been an avid participant in Reston community organizations. During the early days of Reston, he was a founding member of the Reston Lions Club and the Reston Board of Commerce. He is currently a member of numerous nonprofit boards including Planned Community Archives, Reston Historic Trust, Greater Reston Arts Center, Natures Best Foundation, The Potomac Conservancy, and Fairfax County Parks Foundation. Furthermore, he has many other affiliations with nonprofit organizations such as the Friends of Shenandoah River, Friends of North Fork, and The French and Indian War Foundation. Veatch has been honored with many awards for his extensive community service. 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Veatch was born in 1942 in Washington, D.C. He obtained his B.S. in Finance from the University of Virginia (UVA) in 1964. During the summer of 1964, he began working for Palindrome Corporation under Robert E. Simon, the developer of Reston, Virginia, and in 1968 moved to Reston with his wife and two children. Veatch obtained his real estate license in 1960, while still a student at UVA. He started his own real estate development and consulting firm, Environmental Concepts, Inc., in 1970. He soon developed many residential and commercial projects throughout Northern Virginia, including ones in Reston. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor decades, Veatch has been an avid participant in Reston community organizations. During the early days of Reston, he was a founding member of the Reston Lions Club and the Reston Board of Commerce. He is currently a member of numerous nonprofit boards including Planned Community Archives, Reston Historic Trust, Greater Reston Arts Center, Natures Best Foundation, The Potomac Conservancy, and Fairfax County Parks Foundation. Furthermore, he has many other affiliations with nonprofit organizations such as the Friends of Shenandoah River, Friends of North Fork, and The French and Indian War Foundation. Veatch has been honored with many awards for his extensive community service. In 1998 he was named the Best of Reston Honoree, and in 2004 he was chosen as the Fairfax County Citizen of the Year. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAs a fly fisherman and lover of nature, Veatch began photographing the scenes around him. Veatch published \u003ctitle\u003eThe Nature of Reston\u003c/title\u003e in 1999, a book of his photography of natural areas of Reston. Profits from this book went towards the construction of a Nature House in Reston. Currently, Charles Veatch is the president of The Charles A. Veatch Company.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Charles A. Veatch was born in 1942 in Washington, D.C. He obtained his B.S. in Finance from the University of Virginia (UVA) in 1964. During the summer of 1964, he began working for Palindrome Corporation under Robert E. Simon, the developer of Reston, Virginia, and in 1968 moved to Reston with his wife and two children. Veatch obtained his real estate license in 1960, while still a student at UVA. He started his own real estate development and consulting firm, Environmental Concepts, Inc., in 1970. He soon developed many residential and commercial projects throughout Northern Virginia, including ones in Reston.","For decades, Veatch has been an avid participant in Reston community organizations. During the early days of Reston, he was a founding member of the Reston Lions Club and the Reston Board of Commerce. He is currently a member of numerous nonprofit boards including Planned Community Archives, Reston Historic Trust, Greater Reston Arts Center, Natures Best Foundation, The Potomac Conservancy, and Fairfax County Parks Foundation. Furthermore, he has many other affiliations with nonprofit organizations such as the Friends of Shenandoah River, Friends of North Fork, and The French and Indian War Foundation. Veatch has been honored with many awards for his extensive community service. In 1998 he was named the Best of Reston Honoree, and in 2004 he was chosen as the Fairfax County Citizen of the Year.","As a fly fisherman and lover of nature, Veatch began photographing the scenes around him. Veatch published The Nature of Reston in 1999, a book of his photography of natural areas of Reston. Profits from this book went towards the construction of a Nature House in Reston. Currently, Charles Veatch is the president of The Charles A. Veatch Company."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCharles A. Veatch papers, C0138, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Charles A. Veatch papers, C0138, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed by Special Collections Research Center staff. EAD markup completed by Eron Ackerman and Jordan Patty in March 2009. Finding aid updated by Amanda Menjivar in January 2023.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed by Special Collections Research Center staff. EAD markup completed by Eron Ackerman and Jordan Patty in March 2009. 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note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Collection contains materials pertaining to the history and development of Reston, Virginia. Types of materials include: newspaper and magazine clippings pertaining to Reston, photographs and negatives of structures in Reston, reports regarding Reston planning issues, video recordings, promotional materials regarding Reston attractions such as Reston Town Center, records pertaining to Planned Community Archives, Inc. and other materials."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_ff9e42668536e61587f2db3e6d18cb0c\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eCollection contains materials pertaining to the history and development of Reston, Virginia. Types of materials include: newspaper and magazine clippings pertaining to Reston, photographs and negatives of structures in Reston, reports regarding Reston planning issues, video recordings, promotional materials regarding Reston attractions such as Reston Town Center, records pertaining to Planned Community Archives, Inc. and other materials.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["Collection contains materials pertaining to the history and development of Reston, Virginia. Types of materials include: newspaper and magazine clippings pertaining to Reston, photographs and negatives of structures in Reston, reports regarding Reston planning issues, video recordings, promotional materials regarding Reston attractions such as Reston Town Center, records pertaining to Planned Community Archives, Inc. and other materials."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_50266885e8753c36fd4505fa8bd89f34\"\u003e\nBoxes 1 - 11, 13 - 21: R 41, C 1, S 1 - S 4\n\nOS R5, C4, S5\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["Boxes 1 - 11, 13 - 21: R 41, C 1, S 1 - S 4\n\nOS R5, C4, S5"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Reston Land Corporation"],"names_coll_ssim":["Reston Land Corporation","Veatch, Charles A., 1942-"],"persname_ssim":["Veatch, Charles A., 1942-"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Reston Land Corporation","Veatch, Charles A., 1942-"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":295,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:55:51.434Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_82_c01"}},{"id":"vifgm_vifgm00081","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"East German poster collection political series, 1943/2009","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_vifgm00081#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Thomas Hill","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_vifgm00081#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"This series contains posters relating to political persons, events, and organizations from the Deutsche Demokratische Republik. The series contains 652 posters of various sizes. The posters range in size from 99.5 x 69.5 cm to 40 x 29.25 cm. The average poster size is 57 x 81 cm. ","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_vifgm00081#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vifgm_vifgm00081","ead_ssi":"vifgm_vifgm00081","_root_":"vifgm_vifgm00081","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_vifgm00081","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/gmu/vifgm00081.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"http://sca.gmu.edu/finding_aids/","title_ssm":["East German poster collection political series"],"title_tesim":["East German poster collection political series"],"unitdate_ssm":["1943-2009"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1943-2009"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1943/2009"],"normalized_title_ssm":["East German poster collection political series, 1943/2009"],"text":["East German poster collection political series, 1943/2009","C0169","Berlin Wall, Berlin, Germany, 1961-1989--Posters.","Checkpoint Charlie, Berlin, Germany, 1961-1989--Posters.","Political posters--Germany (East)","Protest posters--Germany (East)","War posters--Germany (East)","Collection is open to research.","The arrangement is by subject and a numbering system.","On October 7, 1949, following the partition of Germany at the end of World War II, the Deutsche Demokratische Republik (DDR) was formed under the governance of the Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands (SED). The SED had been formed from two previous political parties, the Kommunistische Partei Deutschlands (KPD) and the Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands (SPD). In 1955, the Soviet Occupation Zone was officially declared to be a sovereign state. Under the SED, the infrastructure, industrial plants, and public property were all nationalized. Additionally, all political parties and mass organizations were controlled under an umbrella organization known as the Nationale Front (NF).","Initially, the SED was led by Wilhelm Pieck, who served as the first an only president of the DDR from 1949 to 1960. After 1950, the actual power in the DDR was held by Walter Ulbricht, the First Secretary of the SED. During this beginning period of the DDR's history, the new state's economy was severely weakened by war reparations to the USSR. This problem was exacerbated by the heavy emigration to the West that was induced by the increased poverty caused by the war reparations. In response to the emigration problem, the DDR closed the Inner German border in the 1950s. On the night of August 12, 1961, East German soldiers began construction on the Berlin Wall.","From 1949 until the 1970s, West Germany (Federal Republic of Germany) considered the DDR to be an illegally constituted state. It was only in 1971, under Chancellor Willy Brandt, that West Germany established normal relations with the DDR. That same year, Soviet leader Leonid Brezhnev deposed Walter Ulbricht as the DDR head of state. Ulbricht's policies were experimenting with liberal reform, so Ulbricht was replaced by Erich Honecker, who increased government controls on the population.","In 1989, public outrage over local government elections led to large amounts of illegal emigration from the DDR. In August, Hungary unsealed its border and lifted restrictions, leading to over 13,000 people leaving the DDR to the West via Hungary. In October, public demonstrations led to Erich Honecker's resignation. His replacement, Egon Krenz, was slightly more moderate. On November 9, 1989, sections of the Berlin Wall were opened. The governing party of the DDR soon resigned and attempts to establish a democratic DDR were overwhelmed by calls for reunification with West Germany. Later that year, the 2 + 4 Talks were held between the East Germany, West Germany, France, the United Kingdom, the United States, and the USSR. The five original East German states, which were abolished in 1952, were reestablished, and conditions for reunification were agreed upon. On October 3, 1990, the five East German states officially joined the Federal Republic of Germany.","Processed by Lauren Shutt and Sean Tennant in 2010.  EAD markup completed by Sean Tennant.","Processing supported by a grant from the Council on Library and Information Resources.","Special Collections and Archives holds many other posters on the history of East Germany.","This series contains posters relating to political persons, events, and organizations from the Deutsche Demokratische Republik. The series contains 652 posters of various sizes. The posters range in size from 99.5 x 69.5 cm to 40 x 29.25 cm. The average poster size is 57 x 81 cm.","Common political figures present within the series are Karl Marx, Vladimir Lenin, Ernst Thälmann, Rosa Luxemburg, and Karl Liebnecht. These people are generally depicted by portrait photographs or illustrations. The majority of the portrait posters are in commemoration of former political leaders and communist figures, although there are some that are campaign posters for contemporary politicians. The series also contains posters from political organizations such as the Feier Deutscher Gewerkschaftsbund (FDGB), the Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands (SED), the Solidaritätskomitee der DDR, and the Freie Deutsche Jugend (FDJ). Also contained in the series are posters expressing solidarity with various revolutionary movements around the world, mostly focusing on Africa, Southeast Asia, and Central America. The posters are associated with events such as the elections of 1990, the fall of the Berlin Wall, Soviet Seven Year agricultural plans, and the anniversaries of the births of noted communist figures. Graffitti from the Berlin Wall is also a popular subject. The majority of poster images are photographs with text, although there are also illustrations and some abstract art with political text.","Poster Inventory with Brief Descriptions","Sample images are also available. Please contact speccoll@gmu.edu for more information.","There are no restrictions.","This series contains posters relating to political persons, events, and organizations from the Deutsche Demokratische Republik. The series contains 652 posters of various sizes. The posters range in size from 99.5 x 69.5 cm to 40 x 29.25 cm. The average poster size is 57 x 81 cm.","George Mason University. Special Collections and Archives.","Alternative Liste (Political party)","Christlich-Demokratische Union Deutschlands (Germany : East)","Demokratischer Aufbruch (Political party)","Freie Deutsche Jugend.","Germany. Bundestag--Elections, 1990--Posters.","Germany (East). Volkskammer--Elections, 1990--Posters.","Gesellschaft für Deutsch-Sowjetische Freundschaft.","Grünen (Political party)","Nationaldemokratische Partei Deutschland.","National-Demokratische Partei Deutschlands (Germany : East)","Nationale Front der DDR","Neues Forum (Political party)","Republikaner (Political party)","Solidaritätskomitee der DDR.","Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands.","Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands.","SPD der DDR.","Unabhängiger Frauenverband der DDR.","Vereinigte Linke (Organization)","Thomas Hill","Billhardt, Thomas.","Grosser, Hubert, 1954-","Lenin, Vladimir Il'ich, 1870-1924--Posters.","Liebknecht, Karl Paul August Friedrich, 1871-1919--Posters","Marx, Karl, 1818-1883--Posters.","Thälmann, Ernst, 1886-1944--Posters.","Luxemburg, Rosa, 1871-1919--Posters.","German"],"collection_title_tesim":["East German poster collection political series, 1943/2009"],"collection_ssim":["East German poster collection political series, 1943/2009"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Series","Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0169"],"unitid_tesim":["C0169"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"creator_ssm":["Thomas Hill"],"creator_ssim":["Thomas Hill"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Thomas Hill","Billhardt, Thomas.","Grosser, Hubert, 1954-","Lenin, Vladimir Il'ich, 1870-1924--Posters.","Liebknecht, Karl Paul August Friedrich, 1871-1919--Posters","Marx, Karl, 1818-1883--Posters.","Thälmann, Ernst, 1886-1944--Posters.","Luxemburg, Rosa, 1871-1919--Posters."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Special Collections and Archives.","Alternative Liste (Political party)","Christlich-Demokratische Union Deutschlands (Germany : East)","Demokratischer Aufbruch (Political party)","Freie Deutsche Jugend.","Germany. Bundestag--Elections, 1990--Posters.","Germany (East). Volkskammer--Elections, 1990--Posters.","Gesellschaft für Deutsch-Sowjetische Freundschaft.","Grünen (Political party)","Nationaldemokratische Partei Deutschland.","National-Demokratische Partei Deutschlands (Germany : East)","Nationale Front der DDR","Neues Forum (Political party)","Republikaner (Political party)","Solidaritätskomitee der DDR.","Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands.","Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands.","SPD der DDR.","Unabhängiger Frauenverband der DDR.","Vereinigte Linke (Organization)"],"creators_ssim":["Thomas Hill","Billhardt, Thomas.","Grosser, Hubert, 1954-","Lenin, Vladimir Il'ich, 1870-1924--Posters.","Liebknecht, Karl Paul August Friedrich, 1871-1919--Posters","Marx, Karl, 1818-1883--Posters.","Thälmann, Ernst, 1886-1944--Posters.","Luxemburg, Rosa, 1871-1919--Posters.","George Mason University. Special Collections and Archives.","Alternative Liste (Political party)","Christlich-Demokratische Union Deutschlands (Germany : East)","Demokratischer Aufbruch (Political party)","Freie Deutsche Jugend.","Germany. Bundestag--Elections, 1990--Posters.","Germany (East). Volkskammer--Elections, 1990--Posters.","Gesellschaft für Deutsch-Sowjetische Freundschaft.","Grünen (Political party)","Nationaldemokratische Partei Deutschland.","National-Demokratische Partei Deutschlands (Germany : East)","Nationale Front der DDR","Neues Forum (Political party)","Republikaner (Political party)","Solidaritätskomitee der DDR.","Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands.","Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands.","SPD der DDR.","Unabhängiger Frauenverband der DDR.","Vereinigte Linke (Organization)"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Purchased from Thomas Hill in 2009."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Berlin Wall, Berlin, Germany, 1961-1989--Posters.","Checkpoint Charlie, Berlin, Germany, 1961-1989--Posters.","Political posters--Germany (East)","Protest posters--Germany (East)","War posters--Germany (East)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Berlin Wall, Berlin, Germany, 1961-1989--Posters.","Checkpoint Charlie, Berlin, Germany, 1961-1989--Posters.","Political posters--Germany (East)","Protest posters--Germany (East)","War posters--Germany (East)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["652 posters"],"extent_tesim":["652 posters"],"date_range_isim":[1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to research.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe arrangement is by subject and a numbering system.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The arrangement is by subject and a numbering system."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOn October 7, 1949, following the partition of Germany at the end of World War II, the Deutsche Demokratische Republik (DDR) was formed under the governance of the Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands (SED). The SED had been formed from two previous political parties, the Kommunistische Partei Deutschlands (KPD) and the Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands (SPD). In 1955, the Soviet Occupation Zone was officially declared to be a sovereign state. Under the SED, the infrastructure, industrial plants, and public property were all nationalized. Additionally, all political parties and mass organizations were controlled under an umbrella organization known as the Nationale Front (NF).\n\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eInitially, the SED was led by Wilhelm Pieck, who served as the first an only president of the DDR from 1949 to 1960. After 1950, the actual power in the DDR was held by Walter Ulbricht, the First Secretary of the SED. During this beginning period of the DDR's history, the new state's economy was severely weakened by war reparations to the USSR. This problem was exacerbated by the heavy emigration to the West that was induced by the increased poverty caused by the war reparations. In response to the emigration problem, the DDR closed the Inner German border in the 1950s. On the night of August 12, 1961, East German soldiers began construction on the Berlin Wall.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eFrom 1949 until the 1970s, West Germany (Federal Republic of Germany) considered the DDR to be an illegally constituted state. It was only in 1971, under Chancellor Willy Brandt, that West Germany established normal relations with the DDR. That same year, Soviet leader Leonid Brezhnev deposed Walter Ulbricht as the DDR head of state. Ulbricht's policies were experimenting with liberal reform, so Ulbricht was replaced by Erich Honecker, who increased government controls on the population.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eIn 1989, public outrage over local government elections led to large amounts of illegal emigration from the DDR. In August, Hungary unsealed its border and lifted restrictions, leading to over 13,000 people leaving the DDR to the West via Hungary. In October, public demonstrations led to Erich Honecker's resignation. His replacement, Egon Krenz, was slightly more moderate. On November 9, 1989, sections of the Berlin Wall were opened. The governing party of the DDR soon resigned and attempts to establish a democratic DDR were overwhelmed by calls for reunification with West Germany. Later that year, the 2 + 4 Talks were held between the East Germany, West Germany, France, the United Kingdom, the United States, and the USSR. The five original East German states, which were abolished in 1952, were reestablished, and conditions for reunification were agreed upon. On October 3, 1990, the five East German states officially joined the Federal Republic of Germany.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["On October 7, 1949, following the partition of Germany at the end of World War II, the Deutsche Demokratische Republik (DDR) was formed under the governance of the Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands (SED). The SED had been formed from two previous political parties, the Kommunistische Partei Deutschlands (KPD) and the Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands (SPD). In 1955, the Soviet Occupation Zone was officially declared to be a sovereign state. Under the SED, the infrastructure, industrial plants, and public property were all nationalized. Additionally, all political parties and mass organizations were controlled under an umbrella organization known as the Nationale Front (NF).","Initially, the SED was led by Wilhelm Pieck, who served as the first an only president of the DDR from 1949 to 1960. After 1950, the actual power in the DDR was held by Walter Ulbricht, the First Secretary of the SED. During this beginning period of the DDR's history, the new state's economy was severely weakened by war reparations to the USSR. This problem was exacerbated by the heavy emigration to the West that was induced by the increased poverty caused by the war reparations. In response to the emigration problem, the DDR closed the Inner German border in the 1950s. On the night of August 12, 1961, East German soldiers began construction on the Berlin Wall.","From 1949 until the 1970s, West Germany (Federal Republic of Germany) considered the DDR to be an illegally constituted state. It was only in 1971, under Chancellor Willy Brandt, that West Germany established normal relations with the DDR. That same year, Soviet leader Leonid Brezhnev deposed Walter Ulbricht as the DDR head of state. Ulbricht's policies were experimenting with liberal reform, so Ulbricht was replaced by Erich Honecker, who increased government controls on the population.","In 1989, public outrage over local government elections led to large amounts of illegal emigration from the DDR. In August, Hungary unsealed its border and lifted restrictions, leading to over 13,000 people leaving the DDR to the West via Hungary. In October, public demonstrations led to Erich Honecker's resignation. His replacement, Egon Krenz, was slightly more moderate. On November 9, 1989, sections of the Berlin Wall were opened. The governing party of the DDR soon resigned and attempts to establish a democratic DDR were overwhelmed by calls for reunification with West Germany. Later that year, the 2 + 4 Talks were held between the East Germany, West Germany, France, the United Kingdom, the United States, and the USSR. The five original East German states, which were abolished in 1952, were reestablished, and conditions for reunification were agreed upon. On October 3, 1990, the five East German states officially joined the Federal Republic of Germany."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eEast German poster collection political series, Collection #0169, Special Collections and Archives, George Mason University.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"prefercite_tesim":["East German poster collection political series, Collection #0169, Special Collections and Archives, George Mason University."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed by Lauren Shutt and Sean Tennant in 2010.  EAD markup completed by Sean Tennant.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n        ","\u003cp\u003eProcessing supported by a grant from the Council on Library and Information Resources.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed by Lauren Shutt and Sean Tennant in 2010.  EAD markup completed by Sean Tennant.","Processing supported by a grant from the Council on Library and Information Resources."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSpecial Collections and Archives holds many other posters on the history of East Germany.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Special Collections and Archives holds many other posters on the history of East Germany."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis series contains posters relating to political persons, events, and organizations from the Deutsche Demokratische Republik. The series contains 652 posters of various sizes. The posters range in size from 99.5 x 69.5 cm to 40 x 29.25 cm. The average poster size is 57 x 81 cm.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eCommon political figures present within the series are Karl Marx, Vladimir Lenin, Ernst Thälmann, Rosa Luxemburg, and Karl Liebnecht. These people are generally depicted by portrait photographs or illustrations. The majority of the portrait posters are in commemoration of former political leaders and communist figures, although there are some that are campaign posters for contemporary politicians. The series also contains posters from political organizations such as the Feier Deutscher Gewerkschaftsbund (FDGB), the Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands (SED), the Solidaritätskomitee der DDR, and the Freie Deutsche Jugend (FDJ). Also contained in the series are posters expressing solidarity with various revolutionary movements around the world, mostly focusing on Africa, Southeast Asia, and Central America. The posters are associated with events such as the elections of 1990, the fall of the Berlin Wall, Soviet Seven Year agricultural plans, and the anniversaries of the births of noted communist figures. Graffitti from the Berlin Wall is also a popular subject. The majority of poster images are photographs with text, although there are also illustrations and some abstract art with political text. \n\u003c/p\u003e\n    ","\u003cp\u003e\n            \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://furbo.gmu.edu/sca/politicalposters.pdf\"\u003ePoster Inventory with Brief Descriptions\u003c/extref\u003e\n          \u003c/p\u003e\n          ","\u003cp\u003eSample images are also available. Please contact speccoll@gmu.edu for more information. \n\u003c/p\u003e\n        "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This series contains posters relating to political persons, events, and organizations from the Deutsche Demokratische Republik. The series contains 652 posters of various sizes. The posters range in size from 99.5 x 69.5 cm to 40 x 29.25 cm. The average poster size is 57 x 81 cm.","Common political figures present within the series are Karl Marx, Vladimir Lenin, Ernst Thälmann, Rosa Luxemburg, and Karl Liebnecht. These people are generally depicted by portrait photographs or illustrations. The majority of the portrait posters are in commemoration of former political leaders and communist figures, although there are some that are campaign posters for contemporary politicians. The series also contains posters from political organizations such as the Feier Deutscher Gewerkschaftsbund (FDGB), the Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands (SED), the Solidaritätskomitee der DDR, and the Freie Deutsche Jugend (FDJ). Also contained in the series are posters expressing solidarity with various revolutionary movements around the world, mostly focusing on Africa, Southeast Asia, and Central America. The posters are associated with events such as the elections of 1990, the fall of the Berlin Wall, Soviet Seven Year agricultural plans, and the anniversaries of the births of noted communist figures. Graffitti from the Berlin Wall is also a popular subject. The majority of poster images are photographs with text, although there are also illustrations and some abstract art with political text.","Poster Inventory with Brief Descriptions","Sample images are also available. Please contact speccoll@gmu.edu for more information."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThis series contains posters relating to political persons, events, and organizations from the Deutsche Demokratische Republik. The series contains 652 posters of various sizes. The posters range in size from 99.5 x 69.5 cm to 40 x 29.25 cm. The average poster size is 57 x 81 cm.\n\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["This series contains posters relating to political persons, events, and organizations from the Deutsche Demokratische Republik. The series contains 652 posters of various sizes. The posters range in size from 99.5 x 69.5 cm to 40 x 29.25 cm. The average poster size is 57 x 81 cm."],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Special Collections and Archives.","Alternative Liste (Political party)","Christlich-Demokratische Union Deutschlands (Germany : East)","Demokratischer Aufbruch (Political party)","Freie Deutsche Jugend.","Germany. Bundestag--Elections, 1990--Posters.","Germany (East). Volkskammer--Elections, 1990--Posters.","Gesellschaft für Deutsch-Sowjetische Freundschaft.","Grünen (Political party)","Nationaldemokratische Partei Deutschland.","National-Demokratische Partei Deutschlands (Germany : East)","Nationale Front der DDR","Neues Forum (Political party)","Republikaner (Political party)","Solidaritätskomitee der DDR.","Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands.","Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands.","SPD der DDR.","Unabhängiger Frauenverband der DDR.","Vereinigte Linke (Organization)"],"persname_ssim":["Thomas Hill","Billhardt, Thomas.","Grosser, Hubert, 1954-","Lenin, Vladimir Il'ich, 1870-1924--Posters.","Liebknecht, Karl Paul August Friedrich, 1871-1919--Posters","Marx, Karl, 1818-1883--Posters.","Thälmann, Ernst, 1886-1944--Posters.","Luxemburg, Rosa, 1871-1919--Posters."],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Special Collections and Archives.","Alternative Liste (Political party)","Christlich-Demokratische Union Deutschlands (Germany : East)","Demokratischer Aufbruch (Political party)","Freie Deutsche Jugend.","Germany. Bundestag--Elections, 1990--Posters.","Germany (East). Volkskammer--Elections, 1990--Posters.","Gesellschaft für Deutsch-Sowjetische Freundschaft.","Grünen (Political party)","Nationaldemokratische Partei Deutschland.","National-Demokratische Partei Deutschlands (Germany : East)","Nationale Front der DDR","Neues Forum (Political party)","Republikaner (Political party)","Solidaritätskomitee der DDR.","Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands.","Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands.","SPD der DDR.","Unabhängiger Frauenverband der DDR.","Vereinigte Linke (Organization)","Thomas Hill","Billhardt, Thomas.","Grosser, Hubert, 1954-","Lenin, Vladimir Il'ich, 1870-1924--Posters.","Liebknecht, Karl Paul August Friedrich, 1871-1919--Posters","Marx, Karl, 1818-1883--Posters.","Thälmann, Ernst, 1886-1944--Posters.","Luxemburg, Rosa, 1871-1919--Posters."],"language_ssim":["German"],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:56:58.033Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vifgm_vifgm00081","ead_ssi":"vifgm_vifgm00081","_root_":"vifgm_vifgm00081","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_vifgm00081","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/gmu/vifgm00081.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"http://sca.gmu.edu/finding_aids/","title_ssm":["East German poster collection political series"],"title_tesim":["East German poster collection political series"],"unitdate_ssm":["1943-2009"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1943-2009"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1943/2009"],"normalized_title_ssm":["East German poster collection political series, 1943/2009"],"text":["East German poster collection political series, 1943/2009","C0169","Berlin Wall, Berlin, Germany, 1961-1989--Posters.","Checkpoint Charlie, Berlin, Germany, 1961-1989--Posters.","Political posters--Germany (East)","Protest posters--Germany (East)","War posters--Germany (East)","Collection is open to research.","The arrangement is by subject and a numbering system.","On October 7, 1949, following the partition of Germany at the end of World War II, the Deutsche Demokratische Republik (DDR) was formed under the governance of the Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands (SED). The SED had been formed from two previous political parties, the Kommunistische Partei Deutschlands (KPD) and the Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands (SPD). In 1955, the Soviet Occupation Zone was officially declared to be a sovereign state. Under the SED, the infrastructure, industrial plants, and public property were all nationalized. Additionally, all political parties and mass organizations were controlled under an umbrella organization known as the Nationale Front (NF).","Initially, the SED was led by Wilhelm Pieck, who served as the first an only president of the DDR from 1949 to 1960. After 1950, the actual power in the DDR was held by Walter Ulbricht, the First Secretary of the SED. During this beginning period of the DDR's history, the new state's economy was severely weakened by war reparations to the USSR. This problem was exacerbated by the heavy emigration to the West that was induced by the increased poverty caused by the war reparations. In response to the emigration problem, the DDR closed the Inner German border in the 1950s. On the night of August 12, 1961, East German soldiers began construction on the Berlin Wall.","From 1949 until the 1970s, West Germany (Federal Republic of Germany) considered the DDR to be an illegally constituted state. It was only in 1971, under Chancellor Willy Brandt, that West Germany established normal relations with the DDR. That same year, Soviet leader Leonid Brezhnev deposed Walter Ulbricht as the DDR head of state. Ulbricht's policies were experimenting with liberal reform, so Ulbricht was replaced by Erich Honecker, who increased government controls on the population.","In 1989, public outrage over local government elections led to large amounts of illegal emigration from the DDR. In August, Hungary unsealed its border and lifted restrictions, leading to over 13,000 people leaving the DDR to the West via Hungary. In October, public demonstrations led to Erich Honecker's resignation. His replacement, Egon Krenz, was slightly more moderate. On November 9, 1989, sections of the Berlin Wall were opened. The governing party of the DDR soon resigned and attempts to establish a democratic DDR were overwhelmed by calls for reunification with West Germany. Later that year, the 2 + 4 Talks were held between the East Germany, West Germany, France, the United Kingdom, the United States, and the USSR. The five original East German states, which were abolished in 1952, were reestablished, and conditions for reunification were agreed upon. On October 3, 1990, the five East German states officially joined the Federal Republic of Germany.","Processed by Lauren Shutt and Sean Tennant in 2010.  EAD markup completed by Sean Tennant.","Processing supported by a grant from the Council on Library and Information Resources.","Special Collections and Archives holds many other posters on the history of East Germany.","This series contains posters relating to political persons, events, and organizations from the Deutsche Demokratische Republik. The series contains 652 posters of various sizes. The posters range in size from 99.5 x 69.5 cm to 40 x 29.25 cm. The average poster size is 57 x 81 cm.","Common political figures present within the series are Karl Marx, Vladimir Lenin, Ernst Thälmann, Rosa Luxemburg, and Karl Liebnecht. These people are generally depicted by portrait photographs or illustrations. The majority of the portrait posters are in commemoration of former political leaders and communist figures, although there are some that are campaign posters for contemporary politicians. The series also contains posters from political organizations such as the Feier Deutscher Gewerkschaftsbund (FDGB), the Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands (SED), the Solidaritätskomitee der DDR, and the Freie Deutsche Jugend (FDJ). Also contained in the series are posters expressing solidarity with various revolutionary movements around the world, mostly focusing on Africa, Southeast Asia, and Central America. The posters are associated with events such as the elections of 1990, the fall of the Berlin Wall, Soviet Seven Year agricultural plans, and the anniversaries of the births of noted communist figures. Graffitti from the Berlin Wall is also a popular subject. The majority of poster images are photographs with text, although there are also illustrations and some abstract art with political text.","Poster Inventory with Brief Descriptions","Sample images are also available. Please contact speccoll@gmu.edu for more information.","There are no restrictions.","This series contains posters relating to political persons, events, and organizations from the Deutsche Demokratische Republik. The series contains 652 posters of various sizes. The posters range in size from 99.5 x 69.5 cm to 40 x 29.25 cm. The average poster size is 57 x 81 cm.","George Mason University. Special Collections and Archives.","Alternative Liste (Political party)","Christlich-Demokratische Union Deutschlands (Germany : East)","Demokratischer Aufbruch (Political party)","Freie Deutsche Jugend.","Germany. Bundestag--Elections, 1990--Posters.","Germany (East). Volkskammer--Elections, 1990--Posters.","Gesellschaft für Deutsch-Sowjetische Freundschaft.","Grünen (Political party)","Nationaldemokratische Partei Deutschland.","National-Demokratische Partei Deutschlands (Germany : East)","Nationale Front der DDR","Neues Forum (Political party)","Republikaner (Political party)","Solidaritätskomitee der DDR.","Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands.","Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands.","SPD der DDR.","Unabhängiger Frauenverband der DDR.","Vereinigte Linke (Organization)","Thomas Hill","Billhardt, Thomas.","Grosser, Hubert, 1954-","Lenin, Vladimir Il'ich, 1870-1924--Posters.","Liebknecht, Karl Paul August Friedrich, 1871-1919--Posters","Marx, Karl, 1818-1883--Posters.","Thälmann, Ernst, 1886-1944--Posters.","Luxemburg, Rosa, 1871-1919--Posters.","German"],"collection_title_tesim":["East German poster collection political series, 1943/2009"],"collection_ssim":["East German poster collection political series, 1943/2009"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Series","Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0169"],"unitid_tesim":["C0169"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"creator_ssm":["Thomas Hill"],"creator_ssim":["Thomas Hill"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Thomas Hill","Billhardt, Thomas.","Grosser, Hubert, 1954-","Lenin, Vladimir Il'ich, 1870-1924--Posters.","Liebknecht, Karl Paul August Friedrich, 1871-1919--Posters","Marx, Karl, 1818-1883--Posters.","Thälmann, Ernst, 1886-1944--Posters.","Luxemburg, Rosa, 1871-1919--Posters."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Special Collections and Archives.","Alternative Liste (Political party)","Christlich-Demokratische Union Deutschlands (Germany : East)","Demokratischer Aufbruch (Political party)","Freie Deutsche Jugend.","Germany. Bundestag--Elections, 1990--Posters.","Germany (East). Volkskammer--Elections, 1990--Posters.","Gesellschaft für Deutsch-Sowjetische Freundschaft.","Grünen (Political party)","Nationaldemokratische Partei Deutschland.","National-Demokratische Partei Deutschlands (Germany : East)","Nationale Front der DDR","Neues Forum (Political party)","Republikaner (Political party)","Solidaritätskomitee der DDR.","Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands.","Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands.","SPD der DDR.","Unabhängiger Frauenverband der DDR.","Vereinigte Linke (Organization)"],"creators_ssim":["Thomas Hill","Billhardt, Thomas.","Grosser, Hubert, 1954-","Lenin, Vladimir Il'ich, 1870-1924--Posters.","Liebknecht, Karl Paul August Friedrich, 1871-1919--Posters","Marx, Karl, 1818-1883--Posters.","Thälmann, Ernst, 1886-1944--Posters.","Luxemburg, Rosa, 1871-1919--Posters.","George Mason University. Special Collections and Archives.","Alternative Liste (Political party)","Christlich-Demokratische Union Deutschlands (Germany : East)","Demokratischer Aufbruch (Political party)","Freie Deutsche Jugend.","Germany. Bundestag--Elections, 1990--Posters.","Germany (East). Volkskammer--Elections, 1990--Posters.","Gesellschaft für Deutsch-Sowjetische Freundschaft.","Grünen (Political party)","Nationaldemokratische Partei Deutschland.","National-Demokratische Partei Deutschlands (Germany : East)","Nationale Front der DDR","Neues Forum (Political party)","Republikaner (Political party)","Solidaritätskomitee der DDR.","Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands.","Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands.","SPD der DDR.","Unabhängiger Frauenverband der DDR.","Vereinigte Linke (Organization)"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Purchased from Thomas Hill in 2009."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Berlin Wall, Berlin, Germany, 1961-1989--Posters.","Checkpoint Charlie, Berlin, Germany, 1961-1989--Posters.","Political posters--Germany (East)","Protest posters--Germany (East)","War posters--Germany (East)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Berlin Wall, Berlin, Germany, 1961-1989--Posters.","Checkpoint Charlie, Berlin, Germany, 1961-1989--Posters.","Political posters--Germany (East)","Protest posters--Germany (East)","War posters--Germany (East)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["652 posters"],"extent_tesim":["652 posters"],"date_range_isim":[1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to research.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe arrangement is by subject and a numbering system.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The arrangement is by subject and a numbering system."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOn October 7, 1949, following the partition of Germany at the end of World War II, the Deutsche Demokratische Republik (DDR) was formed under the governance of the Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands (SED). The SED had been formed from two previous political parties, the Kommunistische Partei Deutschlands (KPD) and the Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands (SPD). In 1955, the Soviet Occupation Zone was officially declared to be a sovereign state. Under the SED, the infrastructure, industrial plants, and public property were all nationalized. Additionally, all political parties and mass organizations were controlled under an umbrella organization known as the Nationale Front (NF).\n\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eInitially, the SED was led by Wilhelm Pieck, who served as the first an only president of the DDR from 1949 to 1960. After 1950, the actual power in the DDR was held by Walter Ulbricht, the First Secretary of the SED. During this beginning period of the DDR's history, the new state's economy was severely weakened by war reparations to the USSR. This problem was exacerbated by the heavy emigration to the West that was induced by the increased poverty caused by the war reparations. In response to the emigration problem, the DDR closed the Inner German border in the 1950s. On the night of August 12, 1961, East German soldiers began construction on the Berlin Wall.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eFrom 1949 until the 1970s, West Germany (Federal Republic of Germany) considered the DDR to be an illegally constituted state. It was only in 1971, under Chancellor Willy Brandt, that West Germany established normal relations with the DDR. That same year, Soviet leader Leonid Brezhnev deposed Walter Ulbricht as the DDR head of state. Ulbricht's policies were experimenting with liberal reform, so Ulbricht was replaced by Erich Honecker, who increased government controls on the population.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eIn 1989, public outrage over local government elections led to large amounts of illegal emigration from the DDR. In August, Hungary unsealed its border and lifted restrictions, leading to over 13,000 people leaving the DDR to the West via Hungary. In October, public demonstrations led to Erich Honecker's resignation. His replacement, Egon Krenz, was slightly more moderate. On November 9, 1989, sections of the Berlin Wall were opened. The governing party of the DDR soon resigned and attempts to establish a democratic DDR were overwhelmed by calls for reunification with West Germany. Later that year, the 2 + 4 Talks were held between the East Germany, West Germany, France, the United Kingdom, the United States, and the USSR. The five original East German states, which were abolished in 1952, were reestablished, and conditions for reunification were agreed upon. On October 3, 1990, the five East German states officially joined the Federal Republic of Germany.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["On October 7, 1949, following the partition of Germany at the end of World War II, the Deutsche Demokratische Republik (DDR) was formed under the governance of the Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands (SED). The SED had been formed from two previous political parties, the Kommunistische Partei Deutschlands (KPD) and the Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands (SPD). In 1955, the Soviet Occupation Zone was officially declared to be a sovereign state. Under the SED, the infrastructure, industrial plants, and public property were all nationalized. Additionally, all political parties and mass organizations were controlled under an umbrella organization known as the Nationale Front (NF).","Initially, the SED was led by Wilhelm Pieck, who served as the first an only president of the DDR from 1949 to 1960. After 1950, the actual power in the DDR was held by Walter Ulbricht, the First Secretary of the SED. During this beginning period of the DDR's history, the new state's economy was severely weakened by war reparations to the USSR. This problem was exacerbated by the heavy emigration to the West that was induced by the increased poverty caused by the war reparations. In response to the emigration problem, the DDR closed the Inner German border in the 1950s. On the night of August 12, 1961, East German soldiers began construction on the Berlin Wall.","From 1949 until the 1970s, West Germany (Federal Republic of Germany) considered the DDR to be an illegally constituted state. It was only in 1971, under Chancellor Willy Brandt, that West Germany established normal relations with the DDR. That same year, Soviet leader Leonid Brezhnev deposed Walter Ulbricht as the DDR head of state. Ulbricht's policies were experimenting with liberal reform, so Ulbricht was replaced by Erich Honecker, who increased government controls on the population.","In 1989, public outrage over local government elections led to large amounts of illegal emigration from the DDR. In August, Hungary unsealed its border and lifted restrictions, leading to over 13,000 people leaving the DDR to the West via Hungary. In October, public demonstrations led to Erich Honecker's resignation. His replacement, Egon Krenz, was slightly more moderate. On November 9, 1989, sections of the Berlin Wall were opened. The governing party of the DDR soon resigned and attempts to establish a democratic DDR were overwhelmed by calls for reunification with West Germany. Later that year, the 2 + 4 Talks were held between the East Germany, West Germany, France, the United Kingdom, the United States, and the USSR. The five original East German states, which were abolished in 1952, were reestablished, and conditions for reunification were agreed upon. On October 3, 1990, the five East German states officially joined the Federal Republic of Germany."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eEast German poster collection political series, Collection #0169, Special Collections and Archives, George Mason University.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"prefercite_tesim":["East German poster collection political series, Collection #0169, Special Collections and Archives, George Mason University."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed by Lauren Shutt and Sean Tennant in 2010.  EAD markup completed by Sean Tennant.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n        ","\u003cp\u003eProcessing supported by a grant from the Council on Library and Information Resources.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed by Lauren Shutt and Sean Tennant in 2010.  EAD markup completed by Sean Tennant.","Processing supported by a grant from the Council on Library and Information Resources."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSpecial Collections and Archives holds many other posters on the history of East Germany.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Special Collections and Archives holds many other posters on the history of East Germany."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis series contains posters relating to political persons, events, and organizations from the Deutsche Demokratische Republik. The series contains 652 posters of various sizes. The posters range in size from 99.5 x 69.5 cm to 40 x 29.25 cm. The average poster size is 57 x 81 cm.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eCommon political figures present within the series are Karl Marx, Vladimir Lenin, Ernst Thälmann, Rosa Luxemburg, and Karl Liebnecht. These people are generally depicted by portrait photographs or illustrations. The majority of the portrait posters are in commemoration of former political leaders and communist figures, although there are some that are campaign posters for contemporary politicians. The series also contains posters from political organizations such as the Feier Deutscher Gewerkschaftsbund (FDGB), the Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands (SED), the Solidaritätskomitee der DDR, and the Freie Deutsche Jugend (FDJ). Also contained in the series are posters expressing solidarity with various revolutionary movements around the world, mostly focusing on Africa, Southeast Asia, and Central America. The posters are associated with events such as the elections of 1990, the fall of the Berlin Wall, Soviet Seven Year agricultural plans, and the anniversaries of the births of noted communist figures. Graffitti from the Berlin Wall is also a popular subject. The majority of poster images are photographs with text, although there are also illustrations and some abstract art with political text. \n\u003c/p\u003e\n    ","\u003cp\u003e\n            \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://furbo.gmu.edu/sca/politicalposters.pdf\"\u003ePoster Inventory with Brief Descriptions\u003c/extref\u003e\n          \u003c/p\u003e\n          ","\u003cp\u003eSample images are also available. Please contact speccoll@gmu.edu for more information. \n\u003c/p\u003e\n        "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This series contains posters relating to political persons, events, and organizations from the Deutsche Demokratische Republik. The series contains 652 posters of various sizes. The posters range in size from 99.5 x 69.5 cm to 40 x 29.25 cm. The average poster size is 57 x 81 cm.","Common political figures present within the series are Karl Marx, Vladimir Lenin, Ernst Thälmann, Rosa Luxemburg, and Karl Liebnecht. These people are generally depicted by portrait photographs or illustrations. The majority of the portrait posters are in commemoration of former political leaders and communist figures, although there are some that are campaign posters for contemporary politicians. The series also contains posters from political organizations such as the Feier Deutscher Gewerkschaftsbund (FDGB), the Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands (SED), the Solidaritätskomitee der DDR, and the Freie Deutsche Jugend (FDJ). Also contained in the series are posters expressing solidarity with various revolutionary movements around the world, mostly focusing on Africa, Southeast Asia, and Central America. The posters are associated with events such as the elections of 1990, the fall of the Berlin Wall, Soviet Seven Year agricultural plans, and the anniversaries of the births of noted communist figures. Graffitti from the Berlin Wall is also a popular subject. The majority of poster images are photographs with text, although there are also illustrations and some abstract art with political text.","Poster Inventory with Brief Descriptions","Sample images are also available. Please contact speccoll@gmu.edu for more information."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThis series contains posters relating to political persons, events, and organizations from the Deutsche Demokratische Republik. The series contains 652 posters of various sizes. The posters range in size from 99.5 x 69.5 cm to 40 x 29.25 cm. The average poster size is 57 x 81 cm.\n\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["This series contains posters relating to political persons, events, and organizations from the Deutsche Demokratische Republik. The series contains 652 posters of various sizes. The posters range in size from 99.5 x 69.5 cm to 40 x 29.25 cm. The average poster size is 57 x 81 cm."],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Special Collections and Archives.","Alternative Liste (Political party)","Christlich-Demokratische Union Deutschlands (Germany : East)","Demokratischer Aufbruch (Political party)","Freie Deutsche Jugend.","Germany. Bundestag--Elections, 1990--Posters.","Germany (East). Volkskammer--Elections, 1990--Posters.","Gesellschaft für Deutsch-Sowjetische Freundschaft.","Grünen (Political party)","Nationaldemokratische Partei Deutschland.","National-Demokratische Partei Deutschlands (Germany : East)","Nationale Front der DDR","Neues Forum (Political party)","Republikaner (Political party)","Solidaritätskomitee der DDR.","Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands.","Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands.","SPD der DDR.","Unabhängiger Frauenverband der DDR.","Vereinigte Linke (Organization)"],"persname_ssim":["Thomas Hill","Billhardt, Thomas.","Grosser, Hubert, 1954-","Lenin, Vladimir Il'ich, 1870-1924--Posters.","Liebknecht, Karl Paul August Friedrich, 1871-1919--Posters","Marx, Karl, 1818-1883--Posters.","Thälmann, Ernst, 1886-1944--Posters.","Luxemburg, Rosa, 1871-1919--Posters."],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Special Collections and Archives.","Alternative Liste (Political party)","Christlich-Demokratische Union Deutschlands (Germany : East)","Demokratischer Aufbruch (Political party)","Freie Deutsche Jugend.","Germany. Bundestag--Elections, 1990--Posters.","Germany (East). Volkskammer--Elections, 1990--Posters.","Gesellschaft für Deutsch-Sowjetische Freundschaft.","Grünen (Political party)","Nationaldemokratische Partei Deutschland.","National-Demokratische Partei Deutschlands (Germany : East)","Nationale Front der DDR","Neues Forum (Political party)","Republikaner (Political party)","Solidaritätskomitee der DDR.","Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands.","Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands.","SPD der DDR.","Unabhängiger Frauenverband der DDR.","Vereinigte Linke (Organization)","Thomas Hill","Billhardt, Thomas.","Grosser, Hubert, 1954-","Lenin, Vladimir Il'ich, 1870-1924--Posters.","Liebknecht, Karl Paul August Friedrich, 1871-1919--Posters","Marx, Karl, 1818-1883--Posters.","Thälmann, Ernst, 1886-1944--Posters.","Luxemburg, Rosa, 1871-1919--Posters."],"language_ssim":["German"],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:56:58.033Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_vifgm00081"}},{"id":"vifgm_restonnewcomers_c01","type":"Series","attributes":{"title":"Greater Reston Newcomers and Neighbors Club scrapbook collection,, 1974/2010","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_restonnewcomers_c01#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vifgm_restonnewcomers_c01","ref_ssm":["vifgm_restonnewcomers_c01"],"id":"vifgm_restonnewcomers_c01","ead_ssi":"vifgm_restonnewcomers","_root_":"vifgm_restonnewcomers","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_restonnewcomers","parent_ssi":"vifgm_restonnewcomers","parent_ssim":["Greater Reston Newcomers and Neighbors Club scrapbook collection, 1933/1982"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vifgm_restonnewcomers"],"title_filing_ssi":"Greater Reston Newcomers and Neighbors Club scrapbook collection,","title_ssm":["Greater Reston Newcomers and Neighbors Club scrapbook collection,"],"title_tesim":["Greater Reston Newcomers and Neighbors Club scrapbook collection,"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Greater Reston Newcomers and Neighbors Club scrapbook collection,, 1974/2010"],"text":["Greater Reston Newcomers and Neighbors Club scrapbook collection,, 1974/2010","Greater Reston Newcomers and Neighbors Club scrapbook collection, 1933/1982"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Greater Reston Newcomers and Neighbors Club scrapbook collection, 1933/1982"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Greater Reston Newcomers and Neighbors Club scrapbook collection, 1933/1982"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1974/2010"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1974-2010"],"level_ssm":["Series"],"level_ssim":["Series"],"component_level_isim":[1],"sort_isi":1,"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"collection_ssim":["Greater Reston Newcomers and Neighbors Club scrapbook collection, 1933/1982"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":12,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["There are no access restrictions."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["There are no restrictions on personal use. Permission to publish material from the Greater Reston Newcomers and Neighbors Club Scrapbook Collection must be obtained from Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"date_range_isim":[1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010],"_nest_path_":"/components#0","timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:56:08.718Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vifgm_restonnewcomers","ead_ssi":"vifgm_restonnewcomers","_root_":"vifgm_restonnewcomers","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_restonnewcomers","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/gmu/restonnewcomers.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"http://sca.gmu.edu/finding_aids/restonnewcomers.html","title_ssm":["Greater Reston Newcomers and Neighbors Club scrapbook collection"],"title_tesim":["Greater Reston Newcomers and Neighbors Club scrapbook collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1974-2010"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1974-2010"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1933/1982"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Greater Reston Newcomers and Neighbors Club scrapbook collection, 1933/1982"],"text":["Greater Reston Newcomers and Neighbors Club scrapbook collection, 1933/1982","C0234","Scrapbooks.","There are no access restrictions.","Organized in one series chronologically.","The Greater Reston Newcomers and Neighbors Club was founded in 1969 as a women's social organization. The Club's purpose is to extend a friendly, helping hand, to offer the opportunity to make new friends, find camaraderie, and enjoy a variety of creative, social, and recreational activities from September through June.  The club currently meets under the name Women's Club of Greater Reston.","Processing and EAD markup completed in November 2013 by Kerry Mitchell.","The Special Collections and Archives also holds the Planned Community Archives and other personal papers and organizational records that document Reston, Virginia, and other planned communities.","12 scrapbooks that contain newsclippings and photographs of the activities of the Greater Reston Newcomers and Neighbors Club. The collection is dated from 1974 to 2010 and is contained in 7 boxes.","The collection consists of scrapbooks from the Greater Reston Newcomers and Neighbors Club. Included in the scrapbooks are photographs, newsclippings, programs and other items from different years in the Greater Reston Newcomers and Neighbors Club's history.","There are no restrictions on personal use. Permission to publish material from the Greater Reston Newcomers and Neighbors Club Scrapbook Collection must be obtained from Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.","The 12 scrapbooks document the club's activities and each scrapbook covers a range of years beginning in 1974. The collection is dated from 1974 to 2010 and is contained in 7 boxes.","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections \u0026 Archives","Women's Club of Greater Reston (Reston, Va.)","Greater Reston Newcomers and Neighbors Club (Reston, Va.)","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Greater Reston Newcomers and Neighbors Club scrapbook collection, 1933/1982"],"collection_ssim":["Greater Reston Newcomers and Neighbors Club scrapbook collection, 1933/1982"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0234"],"unitid_tesim":["C0234"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"creator_ssm":["Women's Club of Greater Reston (Reston, Va.)"],"creator_ssim":["Women's Club of Greater Reston (Reston, Va.)"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections \u0026 Archives","Women's Club of Greater Reston (Reston, Va.)","Greater Reston Newcomers and Neighbors Club (Reston, Va.)"],"creators_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections \u0026 Archives","Women's Club of Greater Reston (Reston, Va.)","Greater Reston Newcomers and Neighbors Club (Reston, Va.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no restrictions on personal use. Permission to publish material from the Greater Reston Newcomers and Neighbors Club Scrapbook Collection must be obtained from Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donated by the Women's Club of Greater Reston on April 4, 2013."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Scrapbooks."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Scrapbooks."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["5 linear feet (7 boxes)"],"extent_tesim":["5 linear feet (7 boxes)"],"date_range_isim":[1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOrganized in one series chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Organized in one series chronologically."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Greater Reston Newcomers and Neighbors Club was founded in 1969 as a women's social organization. The Club's purpose is to extend a friendly, helping hand, to offer the opportunity to make new friends, find camaraderie, and enjoy a variety of creative, social, and recreational activities from September through June.  The club currently meets under the name Women's Club of Greater Reston.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical note"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Greater Reston Newcomers and Neighbors Club was founded in 1969 as a women's social organization. The Club's purpose is to extend a friendly, helping hand, to offer the opportunity to make new friends, find camaraderie, and enjoy a variety of creative, social, and recreational activities from September through June.  The club currently meets under the name Women's Club of Greater Reston."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGreater Reston Newcomers and Neighbors Club Scrapbook Collection, C0234, Special Collections and Archives, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"prefercite_tesim":["Greater Reston Newcomers and Neighbors Club Scrapbook Collection, C0234, Special Collections and Archives, George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessing and EAD markup completed in November 2013 by Kerry Mitchell.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processing and EAD markup completed in November 2013 by Kerry Mitchell."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Special Collections and Archives also holds the Planned Community Archives and other personal papers and organizational records that document Reston, Virginia, and other planned communities.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Special Collections and Archives also holds the Planned Community Archives and other personal papers and organizational records that document Reston, Virginia, and other planned communities."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e12 scrapbooks that contain newsclippings and photographs of the activities of the Greater Reston Newcomers and Neighbors Club. The collection is dated from 1974 to 2010 and is contained in 7 boxes.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eThe collection consists of scrapbooks from the Greater Reston Newcomers and Neighbors Club. Included in the scrapbooks are photographs, newsclippings, programs and other items from different years in the Greater Reston Newcomers and Neighbors Club's history. \u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["12 scrapbooks that contain newsclippings and photographs of the activities of the Greater Reston Newcomers and Neighbors Club. The collection is dated from 1974 to 2010 and is contained in 7 boxes.","The collection consists of scrapbooks from the Greater Reston Newcomers and Neighbors Club. Included in the scrapbooks are photographs, newsclippings, programs and other items from different years in the Greater Reston Newcomers and Neighbors Club's history."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions on personal use. Permission to publish material from the Greater Reston Newcomers and Neighbors Club Scrapbook Collection must be obtained from Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\n\n\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions on personal use. Permission to publish material from the Greater Reston Newcomers and Neighbors Club Scrapbook Collection must be obtained from Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe 12 scrapbooks document the club's activities and each scrapbook covers a range of years beginning in 1974. The collection is dated from 1974 to 2010 and is contained in 7 boxes.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n      "],"abstract_tesim":["The 12 scrapbooks document the club's activities and each scrapbook covers a range of years beginning in 1974. The collection is dated from 1974 to 2010 and is contained in 7 boxes."],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections \u0026 Archives","Women's Club of Greater Reston (Reston, Va.)","Greater Reston Newcomers and Neighbors Club (Reston, Va.)"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections \u0026 Archives","Women's Club of Greater Reston (Reston, Va.)","Greater Reston Newcomers and Neighbors Club (Reston, Va.)"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":13,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:56:08.718Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_restonnewcomers_c01"}},{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_143_c01","type":"Series","attributes":{"title":"Harold J. Morowitz papers, 1968/2011","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_143_c01#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_143_c01","ref_ssm":["vifgm_repositories_2_resources_143_c01"],"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_143_c01","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_143","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_143","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_143","parent_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_143","parent_ssim":["Harold J. Morowitz papers"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vifgm_repositories_2_resources_143"],"title_filing_ssi":"Harold J. Morowitz papers","title_ssm":["Harold J. Morowitz papers"],"title_tesim":["Harold J. Morowitz papers"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Harold J. Morowitz papers, 1968/2011"],"text":["Harold J. Morowitz papers, 1968/2011","Harold J. Morowitz papers"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Harold J. Morowitz papers"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Harold J. 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Morowitz papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1968-2011"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1968-2011"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Harold J. Morowitz papers"],"text":["Harold J. Morowitz papers","C0049","/repositories/2/resources/143","Molecular biology","College teachers","Biophysics","Biochemistry","Science -- Study and teaching (Higher) -- United States","Poetry","Correspondence","Collection is open to research.","Original order.","Harold J. Morowitz is a biophysicist and Robinson Professor in Biology and Natural Philosophy at George Mason University. Born in Poughkeepsie, N.Y., on December 4, 1927, Morowitz graduated from Poughkeepsie High School in 1944. He studied at Yale University starting in 1948 and earned his Ph.D. in 1951. From 1951-1953 he was a physicist at the National Bureau of Standards. Morowitz was on the staff of the National Heart Institute from 1953-1955 before joining the faculty of Yale University in 1955. At Yale, Morowitz was associate professor of biophysics (1960-1968), professor of molecular biophysics and biochemistry (1968-1988), and master of Pierson College (1981-1986). He joined the faculty of George Mason University in 1988 as a Robinson Professor. Since 1993, Morowitz has directed the Krasnow Institute for Advanced Study. Dr. Morowitz has authored and coauthored several books: Life and the Physical Sciences (with Waterman), 1964; Theoretical and Mathematical Biology, 1965; Energy Flow in Biology, 1968; Entropy for Biologists (with Lucille Morowitz), 1970; Life on the Planet Earth, 1974; Ego Niches,1977; Foundations of Bioenergetics, 1978; The Wine of Life, 1979; Mayonnaise and the Origins of Life, 1985; Cosmic Joy and Local Pain, 1987; The Thermodynamics of Pizza, 1991; Beginnings of Cellular Life (with James Trefil), 1992; The Facts of Life, 1992; and Entropy and the Magic Flute, 1993.","Processed by Special Collections and Archives staff. EAD markup completed in February 2009 by Eron Ackerman and Jordan Patty. Finding aid updated by Greta Kuriger Suiter in August 2013.","Special Collections and Archives also holds the  and the .","The collection includes a draft copy of Energy Flow in Biological Systems (published as Energy Flow in Biology), including chapter and appendix notes, calculations for mathematical operations, and correspondence between the author and his editor; a draft copy of Beginnings of Cellular Life, including the index and notes; a draft copy of The Facts of Life with the \"author's copy\" and the original artwork for the illustrations; and working papers, correspondence, and other documents pertaining to his academic career including original poetry written by Morowitz. Also included is research and correspondence from a project on the history of bioenergetics, for which Morowitz was awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship in 1980, and correspondence and documents relating to Biosphere 2.","Handwritten notes and correspondence","Notes for Energy Flow in Biological Systems","Workshop on declining amphibian populations, February 19-20, 1990","Articles by Franklin Harold","Articles by Paul Boyer","Bibliography, curriculum vitae, and articles written by Lars Ernster","Letters to Williams, Slater, Ernster, and Peter Mitchell regarding the Guggenheim Fellowship. Articles by Williams.","Bibliography, correspondence, articles","Further Reflections on the Constitutional Justice of Livelihood by Charles Black and announcement for Black's memorial service","Includes six photographs of Morowitz and others in a work environment","Includes a photograph of a group portrait from 1953","Re-entry talk on September 26, 1993 by Morowitz; Poem titled \"Biosphere 2\"","Drafts and notes for \"The Trinitarian World of Neo-Pantheism,\" \"Athens and Jerusalem,\" \"Teilhard's Two Energies,\" and Emergences chapter one","Morowitz to Yurig Gubkin,","Letters received regarding articles from Hospital Practice,","Teknos vol. XXII, introduction by Morowitz","12 folders of correspondence and articles by Morowitz, some of which are unpublished.","There are no restrictions.","The collection includes a draft copy of Energy Flow in Biological Systems (published as Energy Flow in Biology), including chapter and appendix notes, calculations for mathematical operations, and correspondence between the author and his editor; a draft copy of Beginnings of Cellular Life, including the index and notes; a draft copy of The Facts of Life with the author's copy and the original artwork for the illustrations; and working papers, correspondence, and other documents pertaining to his academic career including original poetry written by Morowitz.","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Biosphere 2 (Project)","George Mason University","George Mason University--Faculty","Morowitz, Harold J.","English\n."],"collection_title_tesim":["Harold J. Morowitz papers"],"collection_ssim":["Harold J. 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Addtional donation by Harold Morowitz in 2011."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Molecular biology","College teachers","Biophysics","Biochemistry","Science -- Study and teaching (Higher) -- United States","Poetry","Correspondence"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Molecular biology","College teachers","Biophysics","Biochemistry","Science -- Study and teaching (Higher) -- United States","Poetry","Correspondence"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["12 Linear Feet (17 boxes)"],"extent_tesim":["12 Linear Feet (17 boxes)"],"genreform_ssim":["Poetry","Correspondence"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to research.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOriginal order.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Original order."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eHarold J. Morowitz is a biophysicist and Robinson Professor in Biology and Natural Philosophy at George Mason University. Born in Poughkeepsie, N.Y., on December 4, 1927, Morowitz graduated from Poughkeepsie High School in 1944. He studied at Yale University starting in 1948 and earned his Ph.D. in 1951. From 1951-1953 he was a physicist at the National Bureau of Standards. Morowitz was on the staff of the National Heart Institute from 1953-1955 before joining the faculty of Yale University in 1955. At Yale, Morowitz was associate professor of biophysics (1960-1968), professor of molecular biophysics and biochemistry (1968-1988), and master of Pierson College (1981-1986). He joined the faculty of George Mason University in 1988 as a Robinson Professor. Since 1993, Morowitz has directed the Krasnow Institute for Advanced Study. Dr. Morowitz has authored and coauthored several books: Life and the Physical Sciences (with Waterman), 1964; Theoretical and Mathematical Biology, 1965; Energy Flow in Biology, 1968; Entropy for Biologists (with Lucille Morowitz), 1970; Life on the Planet Earth, 1974; Ego Niches,1977; Foundations of Bioenergetics, 1978; The Wine of Life, 1979; Mayonnaise and the Origins of Life, 1985; Cosmic Joy and Local Pain, 1987; The Thermodynamics of Pizza, 1991; Beginnings of Cellular Life (with James Trefil), 1992; The Facts of Life, 1992; and Entropy and the Magic Flute, 1993.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Harold J. Morowitz is a biophysicist and Robinson Professor in Biology and Natural Philosophy at George Mason University. Born in Poughkeepsie, N.Y., on December 4, 1927, Morowitz graduated from Poughkeepsie High School in 1944. He studied at Yale University starting in 1948 and earned his Ph.D. in 1951. From 1951-1953 he was a physicist at the National Bureau of Standards. Morowitz was on the staff of the National Heart Institute from 1953-1955 before joining the faculty of Yale University in 1955. At Yale, Morowitz was associate professor of biophysics (1960-1968), professor of molecular biophysics and biochemistry (1968-1988), and master of Pierson College (1981-1986). He joined the faculty of George Mason University in 1988 as a Robinson Professor. Since 1993, Morowitz has directed the Krasnow Institute for Advanced Study. Dr. Morowitz has authored and coauthored several books: Life and the Physical Sciences (with Waterman), 1964; Theoretical and Mathematical Biology, 1965; Energy Flow in Biology, 1968; Entropy for Biologists (with Lucille Morowitz), 1970; Life on the Planet Earth, 1974; Ego Niches,1977; Foundations of Bioenergetics, 1978; The Wine of Life, 1979; Mayonnaise and the Origins of Life, 1985; Cosmic Joy and Local Pain, 1987; The Thermodynamics of Pizza, 1991; Beginnings of Cellular Life (with James Trefil), 1992; The Facts of Life, 1992; and Entropy and the Magic Flute, 1993."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eHarold J. Morowitz papers, Collection #C0049, Special Collections and Archives, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Harold J. Morowitz papers, Collection #C0049, Special Collections and Archives, George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed by Special Collections and Archives staff. EAD markup completed in February 2009 by Eron Ackerman and Jordan Patty. Finding aid updated by Greta Kuriger Suiter in August 2013.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed by Special Collections and Archives staff. EAD markup completed in February 2009 by Eron Ackerman and Jordan Patty. Finding aid updated by Greta Kuriger Suiter in August 2013."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSpecial Collections and Archives also holds the \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"Carol D. Litchfield Microbiology collection\" href=\"http://sca.gmu.edu/finding_aids/litchfield.html\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e and the \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"Clarence E. Larson Science and Technology Oral History collection\" href=\"http://sca.gmu.edu/finding_aids/larson.html\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Special Collections and Archives also holds the  and the ."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection includes a draft copy of Energy Flow in Biological Systems (published as Energy Flow in Biology), including chapter and appendix notes, calculations for mathematical operations, and correspondence between the author and his editor; a draft copy of Beginnings of Cellular Life, including the index and notes; a draft copy of The Facts of Life with the \"author's copy\" and the original artwork for the illustrations; and working papers, correspondence, and other documents pertaining to his academic career including original poetry written by Morowitz. Also included is research and correspondence from a project on the history of bioenergetics, for which Morowitz was awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship in 1980, and correspondence and documents relating to Biosphere 2.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eHandwritten notes and correspondence\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNotes for Energy Flow in Biological Systems\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWorkshop on declining amphibian populations, February 19-20, 1990\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArticles by Franklin Harold\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArticles by Paul Boyer\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBibliography, curriculum vitae, and articles written by Lars Ernster\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters to Williams, Slater, Ernster, and Peter Mitchell regarding the Guggenheim Fellowship. Articles by Williams.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBibliography, correspondence, articles\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFurther Reflections on the Constitutional Justice of Livelihood by Charles Black and announcement for Black's memorial service\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes six photographs of Morowitz and others in a work environment\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes a photograph of a group portrait from 1953\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRe-entry talk on September 26, 1993 by Morowitz; Poem titled \"Biosphere 2\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrafts and notes for \"The Trinitarian World of Neo-Pantheism,\" \"Athens and Jerusalem,\" \"Teilhard's Two Energies,\" and Emergences chapter one\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMorowitz to Yurig Gubkin,\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters received regarding articles from Hospital Practice,\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTeknos vol. XXII, introduction by Morowitz\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e12 folders of correspondence and articles by Morowitz, some of which are unpublished.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection includes a draft copy of Energy Flow in Biological Systems (published as Energy Flow in Biology), including chapter and appendix notes, calculations for mathematical operations, and correspondence between the author and his editor; a draft copy of Beginnings of Cellular Life, including the index and notes; a draft copy of The Facts of Life with the \"author's copy\" and the original artwork for the illustrations; and working papers, correspondence, and other documents pertaining to his academic career including original poetry written by Morowitz. Also included is research and correspondence from a project on the history of bioenergetics, for which Morowitz was awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship in 1980, and correspondence and documents relating to Biosphere 2.","Handwritten notes and correspondence","Notes for Energy Flow in Biological Systems","Workshop on declining amphibian populations, February 19-20, 1990","Articles by Franklin Harold","Articles by Paul Boyer","Bibliography, curriculum vitae, and articles written by Lars Ernster","Letters to Williams, Slater, Ernster, and Peter Mitchell regarding the Guggenheim Fellowship. Articles by Williams.","Bibliography, correspondence, articles","Further Reflections on the Constitutional Justice of Livelihood by Charles Black and announcement for Black's memorial service","Includes six photographs of Morowitz and others in a work environment","Includes a photograph of a group portrait from 1953","Re-entry talk on September 26, 1993 by Morowitz; Poem titled \"Biosphere 2\"","Drafts and notes for \"The Trinitarian World of Neo-Pantheism,\" \"Athens and Jerusalem,\" \"Teilhard's Two Energies,\" and Emergences chapter one","Morowitz to Yurig Gubkin,","Letters received regarding articles from Hospital Practice,","Teknos vol. XXII, introduction by Morowitz","12 folders of correspondence and articles by Morowitz, some of which are unpublished."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_a51498ea30301f9be795f160ad416439\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe collection includes a draft copy of Energy Flow in Biological Systems (published as Energy Flow in Biology), including chapter and appendix notes, calculations for mathematical operations, and correspondence between the author and his editor; a draft copy of Beginnings of Cellular Life, including the index and notes; a draft copy of The Facts of Life with the author's copy and the original artwork for the illustrations; and working papers, correspondence, and other documents pertaining to his academic career including original poetry written by Morowitz.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The collection includes a draft copy of Energy Flow in Biological Systems (published as Energy Flow in Biology), including chapter and appendix notes, calculations for mathematical operations, and correspondence between the author and his editor; a draft copy of Beginnings of Cellular Life, including the index and notes; a draft copy of The Facts of Life with the author's copy and the original artwork for the illustrations; and working papers, correspondence, and other documents pertaining to his academic career including original poetry written by Morowitz."],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Biosphere 2 (Project)","George Mason University","George Mason University--Faculty"],"names_coll_ssim":["Biosphere 2 (Project)","George Mason University","George Mason University--Faculty"],"persname_ssim":["Morowitz, Harold J."],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Biosphere 2 (Project)","George Mason University","George Mason University--Faculty","Morowitz, Harold J."],"language_ssim":["English\n."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":309,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:52:59.239Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_143_c01"}},{"id":"vifgm_hawker_c01","type":"Series","attributes":{"title":"John Patrick Hawker papers,, 1940/2008","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_hawker_c01#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vifgm_hawker_c01","ref_ssm":["vifgm_hawker_c01"],"id":"vifgm_hawker_c01","ead_ssi":"vifgm_hawker","_root_":"vifgm_hawker","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_hawker","parent_ssi":"vifgm_hawker","parent_ssim":["John Patrick Hawker papers, 1942/2009"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vifgm_hawker"],"title_filing_ssi":"John Patrick Hawker papers,","title_ssm":["John Patrick Hawker papers,"],"title_tesim":["John Patrick Hawker papers,"],"normalized_title_ssm":["John Patrick Hawker papers,, 1940/2008"],"text":["John Patrick Hawker papers,, 1940/2008","John Patrick Hawker papers, 1942/2009"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["John Patrick Hawker papers, 1942/2009"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["John Patrick Hawker papers, 1942/2009"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1940/2008"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1940s-2008"],"level_ssm":["Series"],"level_ssim":["Series"],"component_level_isim":[1],"sort_isi":1,"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"collection_ssim":["John Patrick Hawker papers, 1942/2009"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":18,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["There are no access restrictions."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["There are no restrictions on personal use. Permission to publish material from the John Patrick Hawker papers must be obtained from Special Collections and Archives, George Mason University Libraries."],"date_range_isim":[1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008],"_nest_path_":"/components#0","timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:52:28.036Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vifgm_hawker","ead_ssi":"vifgm_hawker","_root_":"vifgm_hawker","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_hawker","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/gmu/hawker.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"http://sca.gmu.edu/finding_aids/hawker.html","title_ssm":["John Patrick Hawker papers"],"title_tesim":["John Patrick Hawker papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1942-2009"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1942-2009"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1942/2009"],"normalized_title_ssm":["John Patrick Hawker papers, 1942/2009"],"text":["John Patrick Hawker papers, 1942/2009","C0275","Military intelligence--Germany.","Military intelligence--Great Britain.","World War, 1939-1945.","There are no access restrictions.","Organized by subject and date.","John Patrick Hawker MBE (1922-2013), G3VA, popularly known as Pat Hawker, was a professional and amateur radio engineer, who during the Second World War was actively engaged in British Intelligence services, and Is associated with the Bletchley Park code-breaking center, working with clandestine radio to support resistance units. Hawker was involved in many aspects of radio, beginning in World War II as a member of the Radio Security Service (RSS) and its connections to British Security Service Military Intelligence Ml5 and the Secret Intelligence Service Ml6. In 1941 at the young age of 19 he started at Bletchley Park as an intercept operator. The bay he worked in contained two HRO receivers, each operator being given a specific list of signals to listen for. In April 1943 he was transferred to Section VIII unit, and served at Weald Station as a two-way radio operator, under Morse code expert Captain Robert Henry \"Harry\" Tricker. In 1944 Pat joined unit SCU9 and was sent Into war zones where covert communications were required . After the D-Day Allied invasion of Europe in June, with the small mobile unit headed to Normandy under the direction of Tricker who was now a Major, Pat went to Normandy, where he remained until August. He subsequently travelled to Paris, Brussels, Eindhoven, etc. and into Germany, with the same British intelligence services unit, mainly to report German troop movements and to connect 21st Army Group with Secret Intelligence Service field agents and SUSSEX intelligence teams.","At the end of October 1944 he was assigned as a personal operator for an Intelligence officer heading for Nijmegen (Nimeguen) in the Netherlands, and was provided with a double transposition poem cipher (LMT cipher) , which was unprecedented in the Ml6 as radio operating and ciphering were usually separate. [Double transposition was generall y regarded as the most complicated cipher that an agent could operate reliably under difficult field conditions]. At Nijmegen he became involved with the IS9 which was another 'private army' and which organized escape and evasion of Allied troops and breakaways. For a brief time in 1945 he worked with Holland's Bureau of National Security. At the Abbe Museum in Eindhoven, which served as British Intelligence headquarters, he worked for the remainder of the war as chief operator in a Dutch network for cipher de-coding, he being the only English speaking person there. At war's end in Europe, Pat rejoined SCU9 in the British Zone of Germany, sending six months in Rhineland and gaining much insight into the complexities of the utmost secret intelligence operations. After the war Hawker was regarded as an authority on clandestine radio. He became a key figure in British radio and television, and was Vice President of the Radio Society of Great Britain (RSGB) . The Bletchley Park 'Summary of Service' lists John Patrick Hawker with the British Army Royal Signals, working at Hanslope Park and Whaddon Hall in the years 1941-1946, the centers for disseminating Bletchley Park's intelligence reports, situated near Bletchley.","Collection is unprocessed. Description of collection abstracted from vendor catalog. EAD markup completed by Jordan Patty in August 2015.","Special Collections and Archives also holds an extensive collection of rare books on military intelligence.","Substantial document archive of significant intelligence content, written and compiled by John Patrick Hawker, British SOE (Special Operations Executive), pertaining to British intelligence, cryptography and clandestine radio in the Second World War. A veritable cornucopia of information in the form of Hawker's personal notes, mainly in manuscript and including a wartime diary kept by him while at Bletchley. Includes later research, interviews, articles, a few letters, and such starting about the time that Bletchley Park's secret operations were made known to the public in the 1970s. The lot concentrating on World War II military intelligence, the devices which served to decipher and transmit confidential data, the organizations and notable individuals dutifully engaged in clandestine communication operations. Together with his biography, written by Steve White in 2008, titled \"A Bit of Controversy: Pat Hawker- A Radio Life.\"","The manuscript journal was penned from 6 March to 19 June 1944, while at SIS Tattenhoe Camp in Far Bletchley, part of the Bletchley Park network, (a Secret Army Camp at the junction of Whaddon Way and Buckingham Road). Pat Hawker, then 22 years of age, inquisitive, ambitious, and exceptionally proficient in radio communications, describes his wartime experience with the covert establishments of British Intelligence divisions, mainly interaction with Bletchley colleagues, descriptions of the NAAFI, recreational excursions, entertainment, as well as his thoughts on the war as it unfolds. With only cryptic references such as \"Hut E\" of which he names his colleagues, remembering his time at 'H' [Hanslope Park], and working 'night shifts', he is mindful not to record specifics about his training, duties, or achievements, nor anything of the clandestine operations, though some commentary reveals the temptation to do. At the end of the volume a single page consists of a calendar of field assignments made with SCU9 unit to connect the Army with British intelligence agents during the final stages of the war. He travelled from London to Leigh-on-Sea, then Saint-Gabriei-Brécy and Paris, to Brussels then Eindhoven and Helmond in Holland, circling to and fro between these places and others, penetrating Germany in the North Rhine-Westphalia district and arriving at Süchteln approximately the 21st of May 1944, subsequently making his way to Bad Salzuflen, Bad Godesberg [the first major German city to be transferred to Allied forces control without a battle], and the district of Uedorf in the city of Bornheim (near Bonn). Together with a small photograph of 8 men in military uniform, loosely placed inside the volume. 118 pages.","Excerpts from Hawker's wartime diary:","March 6th 1944 - Tattenhoe. \"... the next few weeks will see for me and for millions like me - the ending of an era. The shadow has been cast - only the events themselves remain as yet unrevealed...\"\"l am a Lance Corporal in the Royal Corps of Signals engaged on wireless duties ... I, and some of my friends, will most probably be in on the 'Second Front' ... A party of twenty... My guess would be for April 5th. On that date I shall be twenty-two ... To be quite frank I do not particularly want this type of adventure... The Jack of civilized amenities... We may see things in other lands that will make us wonder how we ever tolerated life in dull Bletchley Bucks.\" \"... Tattenhoe Camp. I am writing this in my cubicle E7 ...this chronicle is not only a diary of events but of thoughts and ideas I do not feel bound to keep to the confines of time.\" \"Bletchley is a town of one street... leading up to the Park - that is at the Eight Bells - it wanders on under the railway bridge - past the Chi/tern Library past the dingy snack cafe, the many poor little shops to the Garden Cafe and the Studio Cinema and then meanders into Fenny Stratford... it is peopled by the strange mixture that work at the Park. The wrens, waafs and ats and most superior civil servants and dashing naval officers and slovenly army officers and occasional Americans... Unlike the other small towns in Bucks it cannot retain its own features. It seems to have been swamped by the invading army... All the local inhabitants have a timid frightened look in their eye as though wondering by what grace of God or Mr Griffin the Billeting Officer they are still allowed to retain part of their homes...\"","15 March 1944. \"Russian Events\" \"In Russia an important offensive on the whole of the Southern Front appears to be under way with an immediate objective in the port \u0026 base of Nikolaev [Mykolaiv] 20 miles from advancing Russians... With the crossing of this river, Odessa would be directly threatened and a general invasion of Bessarabia possible. Peace convoys from Russia are rumoured to be active in Istanbul following the Finnish-Soviet talks... apparently made little headway... further advance by the Red Army will almost certainly bring about peace talks...\"","22 March 1944. \"World at War [Htl..] has occupied the territory of his ally - Hungary... The seizure has been in Grand style. Regent Horthy the fleetless Admiral was summoned to meet [Htl..] and detained. Troops poured into Budapest at dawn... Spasmodic raids on London continue... In America, pre-Presidential elections activities are already clouding the picture...\"","[Here a list of personnel in 'Hut E' interjects the chronicle of daily events.]","25 March 1944. \"News from H [Hanslope Park].\" \"... the greatest surprise of the week... Bill Bernard... informed us that he had come to stay and gave us remarkable news of the old unit. This is no place for any discussion of the position there but many of my closest friends in that unit have suddenly been moved due to their 'suppressive' activities. Also caught in the storm were a number of the officers blamed for having allowed discontent to arise. For a long time my friends have been pressing for improved conditions in that camp...\"","31 March 1944. \"The Russian advance continues. Nikolaev has fallen and the Red Army is racing towards Odessa... are within a few miles of Hungary \u0026 Czechoslovakia. The German retreat is becoming disordered and reports of disintegration are... [On March 28, 1944 the city was liberated from German control, in part because of Soviet Senior Lieutenant Konstantin F. Olshansky's paratroopers and their daring raid, during which the majority of his troops were killed]\" .... 'The Air Ministry has announced that we have a new fighter. The make and its name are 'official secrets'. But several weeks ago an American magazine article stated that the new Hawker 'Tempest' was being used by the RAF!\"","3 April 1944. \"Cycled to Newport Pagnell... Met several of the old crowd Wilt Allen, Dick Draper, Alf Taylor. Heard of several new moves, Jim Roghly to N.W. area, Fred Graham, Wilt Elmore to B ...it is now a place of haunting memories of people whom I have known but now seldom see. The old original fellows who went to H in 1941 - Des Downing, Matt Smith, Les Gorley, Stan Thomas, Peter Camello, Bill Windle, Bill Robertson, Bill Hutchford, Smudger Smith, Gilbert Moss, and many others. What talk did that dimly lit room hear... We were bound together by necessity. The only place in the neighbourhood where food was to be bought. In the days before WVS Canteens [Women's Voluntary Service] ...\"","21 April 1944. 'The period covered by these notes has already been far greater than I had originally anticipated. How much longer before the balloon goes up? I believe that early May will witness the opening of the offensive... the Government withdrew all diplomatic privileges from its representatives of foreign powers - excluding only Russia \u0026 the U.S.A... No couriers can enter or leave the country, no coded telegrams... Heavy raids continue... Details of the Navy's use of 'human torpedoes' as long ago as Jan 1943 have just been released... yet another suicide job. Their only hope lies in being taken prisoner, as occurred in the Palmero raid... workers are feeling the strain of 4 1/2 years of ever increasing work and many are ready to strike... Leave in the Army is still suspended.","5 May 1944. 'Tonight at the NAAFI 'X' and I learned that E's posting has come through. She is leaving Wednesday. I am not at all sure that these notes are the right place to discuss the 'E' affairs...\"","13 May 1944. \"... cycle ride to Aylesbury... the opening of 'Salute the Soldier Week'... strange influence of visitors... Glider Pilot Regiment, Crippled Dutch Sailor, Yanks, Polish Air Cadets, woofs from the West Indies, Pilots form Australia, New Zealand and Ceylon, Nursing Auxiliaries, and the Services from all over England Scotland \u0026 Wales - all rubbing shoulders with the good people of Bucks...\"","8 June 1944. 'The long drawn out overture has ended. The curtain has gone up. Two days ago, June 6th... Allied command had issued a statement that a new bombing phase had begun... warning the people of occupied Europe... German naval forces were in contact with Allied landing craft. So came D Day... At 9.30 came the official communqiue No. 1 from SHEAEF and statement from Eisenhower... the first reaction was of relief that at last the period of waiting was over. How that period affected us, has, I hope, been shown in these notes... I set out to record pre-invasion England. That England no longer exists... So it is with all major changes in the world... the beginning of a chain of events that slowly encompass us all... Everyone of them whether they cross the channel or stay here in Bletchley.\"","3 June 1944. 'The preparations as they affect our unit are as complete now as they are ever likely to be. We live then on short notice. /left Bletchley on the 8-1 5 train May 22 \u0026 returned by the 5-45 pm on May 24th. I had been home... for a few hours one leads a private life... For those hours one becomes Mr. So and So - Private Citizens. Back in Bletchley I entered an altered existence. For the first time for two \u0026 a half years I stopped working on shifts and became a 9 till 5 worker. An immediate result being my time for odd jobs such as writing journals seemed to disappear.\"","19 June 1944. \"A few hundred miles to the south fierce fighting... The Americans have succeeded in reaching the West Coast of the Cherbourg peninsula... all reports indicate that - at least in Normandy - the behaviour of the German troops has been 'correct'... they have been accepted by the younger section of the population... the Germans have been sending pilot-less aircraft against London... too early to say how effective this new weapon s likely to be... the layman us inclined to the view that they must be very expensive in man-hours for construction and therefore the attack may dwindle... technical detailed are awaited with keen interest. 01","Epilogue, written at Minehead, Somerset, 2 July 1944: We left Bletchley 23rd June. We heard of our departure on the 19th - just after writing general notes of the previous pages... most of us went off feeling as though we were going to war - and a few hours later were settling in comfort at St. A Here there is a short memory of events after the last recordings... How am I to round off this diary? I feel that it must stand or fall on what has already been written. It is an account of someone in search of entertainment \u0026 a little enlightenment in a country that has been at war for too long. Frankly I have enjoyed these months despite their artificiality. And yet at the same time I have hated them. The war has always been in the background nagging at us... We had a job to do and we did it as well as we were able until the middle of May. We were asked to join a unit that offered little but discomfort... I hate discomfort. I am afraid of danger. I think war is unnecessary and the greatest of man's inhumanity towards man. But I want to see things f or myself. I can only hope that I will always believe in intellect rather than instrument and force.","Five volumes containing a profusion of succinct manuscript short notes penned by Hawker years after the war, dealing with all aspects of intelligence operatives executed not only by the British but others, such as Das Englandspiel (\"The England Game\"), also called Unternehmen Nordpol (Operation North Pole), launched by the German intelligence agency 'Abwehr.' Over and above his \"tech notes\" and pivotal events in the history of Morse code and ciphering, we find the names and roles of numerous intelligence personnel and colleagues, some by this time deceased, including some important figures from Bletchley Park such as Alan Turing (cryptologist, designer of the bomber, 'father of artificial intelligence'), V-2 rocket expert Reginald Victor Jones, and head of SIS (MI6) Sir Richard Gambier-Parry. Also named are Dutch SOE intelligence agents, notable BBC and Radio Londres announcers with pseudonyms and true identities, French Secret Intelligence officers, key Army and Navy leaders relating to clandestine communications, etc. The abundant volumes of data culminate into what appears to be an unpublished work by Hawker titled, \"War in The (A) Ether. Europe 1939-45: Radio Countermeasures in Bomber Command. An Historical Note.\"","\"A Bit of Controversy: Pat Hawker- A Radio Life.\" by Steve White on John Patrick Hawker and a seven page article on Hawker from an unknown source.","\"Not To Be Published - Reception Sets R.107. General Description and Working Instructions.\" A classified manual issued by British military circa 1942, with 40 pages of text, 10 fold-out plates to illustrate circuit diagrams, components, etc.","Bletchley Park News Bulletin, Issue No. 25, March 2002, which highlights an internal breach which resulted in the theft, and subsequent return, of a rare Abwehr Enigma machine. Together with other printed reports on the same incident, and a letter dated 1987 introducing Pat Hawker to a book titled, 'The Unknown War: North China 1937-1945\" by Beijing university professor Michael Lindsay, being his heroic account of constructing a transmitter sufficient to communicate with San Francisco the state of affairs in Communist China, especially with the Yenan Regime. The lot housed in a postmarked envelope addressed to Hawker.","Further miscellaneous papers including a chart of events, correspondence, book reviews, a map of the Milton Keynes area showing Weald Station, and several notes on British and German intelligence, the lot of a similar nature to the above groupings of data.","An unpublished work titled \"Broadband Communications Link: An Introductory Survey\" by Hawker. 52 pages.","\"Cryptography Colossus\" in two folders containing numerous articles such as 'Cracking the Ciphers,' 'The Colossus of Bletchley Park,' 'Electronic Cryptography', 'Breaking the Enemy's Code,' 'Enigma,' 'The M209 cipher machine,' 'Privacy and Authentication: An Introduction To Cryptography,' 'Colossus: godfather of the computer,\" 'The Early Models of the Siemens and Halske T52 Cipher Machine,\" and others.","Typed synopsis by Hawker titled \"Clandestine Radio Links of the Second World War (Western Europe)\" 6 pages, accompanied by several pages of related manuscript notes, subjects such as Abwehr Afu equipment, intercept stations for Enigma, certain Bletchley Park personneL and more, contained in an envelope sent from Robert \"Bob\" Hawes of Tottenham in London - WWII pacifist and objector, author of several books on vintage wireless.","A second envelope contains yet more related notes, expounding further on German radio security (Funkabwehr), as well as French Special Services, Yugoslavia SOE. and the Enigma machine. Assortment of manuscript jottings which appear to contain details deciphered by intelligence, dated and occasionally cryptic, for example, \"Intelligence from TR - Col. Barils 2nd B ... setting up of largest Abwehr network in North Africa ... \" Notes on the capture of British radio operators, the fate of other colleagues, and notable events from 1940-1942, also some wireless radio specs.","Annotated typed drafts of articles written by Hawker headed \"Radio Amateurs and World War II\" and \"Clandestine Radio in World War II\" together with manuscript notes mainly dealing with Polish intelligence.","Newspaper clippings, a list of headlines in 'The Times' in 1944, manuscript lecture notes, excerpts from published works, information obtained from three visits to the Imperial War Museum Reference Library, a photocopy of a 1950 issue of the 'Mercury' journal of the Royal Signals Amateur Radio Society, the March 1983 issue of \"Amateur Radio\" Magazine featuring a 12 page article by Hawker titled ''The Secrets of Wartime Radio.\"","Manuscript transcripts of 1980s BBC documentary films \"The Hunger Winter\" which describes the Dutch famine of 1944, \"All the King's Men\" revealing the SOE's Greatest Wartime Disaster, and Part II of 'The Profession of Intelligence\" by historian Dr. Christopher Andrew.","A group of seven copies of his lectures and illustrated publications headed 'Clandestine Radio', most being the same or similar in content, as well as two other articles in the same format.","A grouping of four letters being correspondence between Hawker and V-2 rocket expert R. V . Jones pertaining to the Germans using the Eiffel Tower to send television transmissions during the war. These include three signed letters from Jones, a copy of Hawker's signed manuscript reply letter. Excerpt from Hawker's letter: \": Yes, I can confirm at third hand that there were 44 1-line television transmissions on about 45MHz from the Eiffel Tower from January 1943 until August 16, 1944 intended for German forces in hospitals and soldiers' clubs etc, and that these transmissions were monitored at Beachy Head.\" There is also an additional letter, perhaps by Hawker, on the subject of A.D. Blumlein.","Two folders devoted mainly to correspondence with Geoffrey Pigeon, containing several signed letters and just as many SCU newsletters which accompanied them. In 1942 Pigeon worked for Ml6 (Section VIII), was enlisted with the Royal Corps of Signals at Whaddon HaiL and later authored ''The Secret Wireless War\" for which he is famed.","Further war related notes, hand trimmed and pasted into 3 small cardstock booklets, autobiographical and instructional in nature (for field radio agents}, also containing names of colleagues and types of radio equipment.","Two folders featuring Hawker's personal wartime accounts Including an autobiographical sketch which includes his important service with SCU9, a description of his arrival in Paris , an insider's perspective of the Ml6 and MI5, further filled with manuscript notes on Russian Clandestine Radio, a calendar of events relating to Czechoslovakia from 1939 to 1942, exposes on sabotages and secret Allied-German collaboration, resistance in Holland, and a timeline history of the Government Code and Cipher School (GC\u0026CS}.","A substantial collection of copied printed material on the German two-way radio system, replete with diagrams and illustration, featuring a German manual for equipment used by their military intelligence division, titled \"Funkgerate des Militarischen Nachrichtendienstes \" and an account on short waves titled \"Die Funkpeilung der Kurzen Wellen.\" Also with information in German dealing with the R-350 and R-350M Russian spy radio sets developed in the former USS R in the mid 1950s, this lot of papers facilitates a technical study of various instruments such as suitcase radios. their mechanical design, specific components, application and efficiency. Together with a letter from a friend enquiring about Eastern Bloc B2 spyset radios.","There are no restrictions on personal use. Permission to publish material from the John Patrick Hawker papers must be obtained from Special Collections and Archives, George Mason University Libraries.","Substantial document archive of significant intelligence content, written and compiled by John Patrick Hawker, British SOE (Special Operations Executive), pertaining to British intelligence, cryptography and clandestine radio in the Second World War.","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections \u0026 Archives","Hawker, John Patrick","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["John Patrick Hawker papers, 1942/2009"],"collection_ssim":["John Patrick Hawker papers, 1942/2009"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0275"],"unitid_tesim":["C0275"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"creator_ssm":["Hawker, John Patrick"],"creator_ssim":["Hawker, John Patrick"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Hawker, John Patrick"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections \u0026 Archives"],"creators_ssim":["Hawker, John Patrick","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections \u0026 Archives"],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no restrictions on personal use. Permission to publish material from the John Patrick Hawker papers must be obtained from Special Collections and Archives, George Mason University Libraries."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Purchased from Voyager Press Rare Books and Manuscripts in July 2015."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Military intelligence--Germany.","Military intelligence--Great Britain.","World War, 1939-1945."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Military intelligence--Germany.","Military intelligence--Great Britain.","World War, 1939-1945."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1.75 linear feet (3 boxes)"],"extent_tesim":["1.75 linear feet (3 boxes)"],"date_range_isim":[1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOrganized by subject and date.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Organized by subject and date."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJohn Patrick Hawker MBE (1922-2013), G3VA, popularly known as Pat Hawker, was a professional and amateur radio engineer, who during the Second World War was actively engaged in British Intelligence services, and Is associated with the Bletchley Park code-breaking center, working with clandestine radio to support resistance units. Hawker was involved in many aspects of radio, beginning in World War II as a member of the Radio Security Service (RSS) and its connections to British Security Service Military Intelligence Ml5 and the Secret Intelligence Service Ml6. In 1941 at the young age of 19 he started at Bletchley Park as an intercept operator. The bay he worked in contained two HRO receivers, each operator being given a specific list of signals to listen for. In April 1943 he was transferred to Section VIII unit, and served at Weald Station as a two-way radio operator, under Morse code expert Captain Robert Henry \"Harry\" Tricker. In 1944 Pat joined unit SCU9 and was sent Into war zones where covert communications were required . After the D-Day Allied invasion of Europe in June, with the small mobile unit headed to Normandy under the direction of Tricker who was now a Major, Pat went to Normandy, where he remained until August. He subsequently travelled to Paris, Brussels, Eindhoven, etc. and into Germany, with the same British intelligence services unit, mainly to report German troop movements and to connect 21st Army Group with Secret Intelligence Service field agents and SUSSEX intelligence teams.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eAt the end of October 1944 he was assigned as a personal operator for an Intelligence officer heading for Nijmegen (Nimeguen) in the Netherlands, and was provided with a double transposition poem cipher (LMT cipher) , which was unprecedented in the Ml6 as radio operating and ciphering were usually separate. [Double transposition was generall y regarded as the most complicated cipher that an agent could operate reliably under difficult field conditions]. At Nijmegen he became involved with the IS9 which was another 'private army' and which organized escape and evasion of Allied troops and breakaways. For a brief time in 1945 he worked with Holland's Bureau of National Security. At the Abbe Museum in Eindhoven, which served as British Intelligence headquarters, he worked for the remainder of the war as chief operator in a Dutch network for cipher de-coding, he being the only English speaking person there. At war's end in Europe, Pat rejoined SCU9 in the British Zone of Germany, sending six months in Rhineland and gaining much insight into the complexities of the utmost secret intelligence operations. After the war Hawker was regarded as an authority on clandestine radio. He became a key figure in British radio and television, and was Vice President of the Radio Society of Great Britain (RSGB) . The Bletchley Park 'Summary of Service' lists John Patrick Hawker with the British Army Royal Signals, working at Hanslope Park and Whaddon Hall in the years 1941-1946, the centers for disseminating Bletchley Park's intelligence reports, situated near Bletchley.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["John Patrick Hawker MBE (1922-2013), G3VA, popularly known as Pat Hawker, was a professional and amateur radio engineer, who during the Second World War was actively engaged in British Intelligence services, and Is associated with the Bletchley Park code-breaking center, working with clandestine radio to support resistance units. Hawker was involved in many aspects of radio, beginning in World War II as a member of the Radio Security Service (RSS) and its connections to British Security Service Military Intelligence Ml5 and the Secret Intelligence Service Ml6. In 1941 at the young age of 19 he started at Bletchley Park as an intercept operator. The bay he worked in contained two HRO receivers, each operator being given a specific list of signals to listen for. In April 1943 he was transferred to Section VIII unit, and served at Weald Station as a two-way radio operator, under Morse code expert Captain Robert Henry \"Harry\" Tricker. In 1944 Pat joined unit SCU9 and was sent Into war zones where covert communications were required . After the D-Day Allied invasion of Europe in June, with the small mobile unit headed to Normandy under the direction of Tricker who was now a Major, Pat went to Normandy, where he remained until August. He subsequently travelled to Paris, Brussels, Eindhoven, etc. and into Germany, with the same British intelligence services unit, mainly to report German troop movements and to connect 21st Army Group with Secret Intelligence Service field agents and SUSSEX intelligence teams.","At the end of October 1944 he was assigned as a personal operator for an Intelligence officer heading for Nijmegen (Nimeguen) in the Netherlands, and was provided with a double transposition poem cipher (LMT cipher) , which was unprecedented in the Ml6 as radio operating and ciphering were usually separate. [Double transposition was generall y regarded as the most complicated cipher that an agent could operate reliably under difficult field conditions]. At Nijmegen he became involved with the IS9 which was another 'private army' and which organized escape and evasion of Allied troops and breakaways. For a brief time in 1945 he worked with Holland's Bureau of National Security. At the Abbe Museum in Eindhoven, which served as British Intelligence headquarters, he worked for the remainder of the war as chief operator in a Dutch network for cipher de-coding, he being the only English speaking person there. At war's end in Europe, Pat rejoined SCU9 in the British Zone of Germany, sending six months in Rhineland and gaining much insight into the complexities of the utmost secret intelligence operations. After the war Hawker was regarded as an authority on clandestine radio. He became a key figure in British radio and television, and was Vice President of the Radio Society of Great Britain (RSGB) . The Bletchley Park 'Summary of Service' lists John Patrick Hawker with the British Army Royal Signals, working at Hanslope Park and Whaddon Hall in the years 1941-1946, the centers for disseminating Bletchley Park's intelligence reports, situated near Bletchley."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJohn Patrick Hawker papers, C0275, Special Collections and Archives, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"prefercite_tesim":["John Patrick Hawker papers, C0275, Special Collections and Archives, George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is unprocessed. Description of collection abstracted from vendor catalog. EAD markup completed by Jordan Patty in August 2015.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Collection is unprocessed. Description of collection abstracted from vendor catalog. EAD markup completed by Jordan Patty in August 2015."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSpecial Collections and Archives also holds an extensive collection of rare books on military intelligence.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Special Collections and Archives also holds an extensive collection of rare books on military intelligence."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSubstantial document archive of significant intelligence content, written and compiled by John Patrick Hawker, British SOE (Special Operations Executive), pertaining to British intelligence, cryptography and clandestine radio in the Second World War. A veritable cornucopia of information in the form of Hawker's personal notes, mainly in manuscript and including a wartime diary kept by him while at Bletchley. Includes later research, interviews, articles, a few letters, and such starting about the time that Bletchley Park's secret operations were made known to the public in the 1970s. The lot concentrating on World War II military intelligence, the devices which served to decipher and transmit confidential data, the organizations and notable individuals dutifully engaged in clandestine communication operations. Together with his biography, written by Steve White in 2008, titled \"A Bit of Controversy: Pat Hawker- A Radio Life.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n    ","\u003cp\u003eThe manuscript journal was penned from 6 March to 19 June 1944, while at SIS Tattenhoe Camp in Far Bletchley, part of the Bletchley Park network, (a Secret Army Camp at the junction of Whaddon Way and Buckingham Road). Pat Hawker, then 22 years of age, inquisitive, ambitious, and exceptionally proficient in radio communications, describes his wartime experience with the covert establishments of British Intelligence divisions, mainly interaction with Bletchley colleagues, descriptions of the NAAFI, recreational excursions, entertainment, as well as his thoughts on the war as it unfolds. With only cryptic references such as \"Hut E\" of which he names his colleagues, remembering his time at 'H' [Hanslope Park], and working 'night shifts', he is mindful not to record specifics about his training, duties, or achievements, nor anything of the clandestine operations, though some commentary reveals the temptation to do. At the end of the volume a single page consists of a calendar of field assignments made with SCU9 unit to connect the Army with British intelligence agents during the final stages of the war. He travelled from London to Leigh-on-Sea, then Saint-Gabriei-Brécy and Paris, to Brussels then Eindhoven and Helmond in Holland, circling to and fro between these places and others, penetrating Germany in the North Rhine-Westphalia district and arriving at Süchteln approximately the 21st of May 1944, subsequently making his way to Bad Salzuflen, Bad Godesberg [the first major German city to be transferred to Allied forces control without a battle], and the district of Uedorf in the city of Bornheim (near Bonn). Together with a small photograph of 8 men in military uniform, loosely placed inside the volume. 118 pages.\u003c/p\u003e\n            ","\u003cp\u003eExcerpts from Hawker's wartime diary:\u003c/p\u003e\n            ","\u003cp\u003eMarch 6th 1944 - Tattenhoe. \"... the next few weeks will see for me and for millions like me - the ending of an era. The shadow has been cast - only the events themselves remain as yet unrevealed...\"\"l am a Lance Corporal in the Royal Corps of Signals engaged on wireless duties ... I, and some of my friends, will most probably be in on the 'Second Front' ... A party of twenty... My guess would be for April 5th. On that date I shall be twenty-two ... To be quite frank I do not particularly want this type of adventure... The Jack of civilized amenities... We may see things in other lands that will make us wonder how we ever tolerated life in dull Bletchley Bucks.\" \"... Tattenhoe Camp. I am writing this in my cubicle E7 ...this chronicle is not only a diary of events but of thoughts and ideas I do not feel bound to keep to the confines of time.\" \"Bletchley is a town of one street... leading up to the Park - that is at the Eight Bells - it wanders on under the railway bridge - past the Chi/tern Library past the dingy snack cafe, the many poor little shops to the Garden Cafe and the Studio Cinema and then meanders into Fenny Stratford... it is peopled by the strange mixture that work at the Park. The wrens, waafs and ats and most superior civil servants and dashing naval officers and slovenly army officers and occasional Americans... Unlike the other small towns in Bucks it cannot retain its own features. It seems to have been swamped by the invading army... All the local inhabitants have a timid frightened look in their eye as though wondering by what grace of God or Mr Griffin the Billeting Officer they are still allowed to retain part of their homes...\"\u003c/p\u003e\n            ","\u003cp\u003e15 March 1944. \"Russian Events\" \"In Russia an important offensive on the whole of the Southern Front appears to be under way with an immediate objective in the port \u0026amp; base of Nikolaev [Mykolaiv] 20 miles from advancing Russians... With the crossing of this river, Odessa would be directly threatened and a general invasion of Bessarabia possible. Peace convoys from Russia are rumoured to be active in Istanbul following the Finnish-Soviet talks... apparently made little headway... further advance by the Red Army will almost certainly bring about peace talks...\"\u003c/p\u003e\n            ","\u003cp\u003e22 March 1944. \"World at War [Htl..] has occupied the territory of his ally - Hungary... The seizure has been in Grand style. Regent Horthy the fleetless Admiral was summoned to meet [Htl..] and detained. Troops poured into Budapest at dawn... Spasmodic raids on London continue... In America, pre-Presidential elections activities are already clouding the picture...\"\u003c/p\u003e\n            ","\u003cp\u003e[Here a list of personnel in 'Hut E' interjects the chronicle of daily events.]\u003c/p\u003e\n            ","\u003cp\u003e25 March 1944. \"News from H [Hanslope Park].\" \"... the greatest surprise of the week... Bill Bernard... informed us that he had come to stay and gave us remarkable news of the old unit. This is no place for any discussion of the position there but many of my closest friends in that unit have suddenly been moved due to their 'suppressive' activities. Also caught in the storm were a number of the officers blamed for having allowed discontent to arise. For a long time my friends have been pressing for improved conditions in that camp...\"\u003c/p\u003e\n            ","\u003cp\u003e31 March 1944. \"The Russian advance continues. Nikolaev has fallen and the Red Army is racing towards Odessa... are within a few miles of Hungary \u0026amp; Czechoslovakia. The German retreat is becoming disordered and reports of disintegration are... [On March 28, 1944 the city was liberated from German control, in part because of Soviet Senior Lieutenant Konstantin F. Olshansky's paratroopers and their daring raid, during which the majority of his troops were killed]\" .... 'The Air Ministry has announced that we have a new fighter. The make and its name are 'official secrets'. But several weeks ago an American magazine article stated that the new Hawker 'Tempest' was being used by the RAF!\"\u003c/p\u003e\n            ","\u003cp\u003e3 April 1944. \"Cycled to Newport Pagnell... Met several of the old crowd Wilt Allen, Dick Draper, Alf Taylor. Heard of several new moves, Jim Roghly to N.W. area, Fred Graham, Wilt Elmore to B ...it is now a place of haunting memories of people whom I have known but now seldom see. The old original fellows who went to H in 1941 - Des Downing, Matt Smith, Les Gorley, Stan Thomas, Peter Camello, Bill Windle, Bill Robertson, Bill Hutchford, Smudger Smith, Gilbert Moss, and many others. What talk did that dimly lit room hear... We were bound together by necessity. The only place in the neighbourhood where food was to be bought. In the days before WVS Canteens [Women's Voluntary Service] ...\"\u003c/p\u003e\n            ","\u003cp\u003e21 April 1944. 'The period covered by these notes has already been far greater than I had originally anticipated. How much longer before the balloon goes up? I believe that early May will witness the opening of the offensive... the Government withdrew all diplomatic privileges from its representatives of foreign powers - excluding only Russia \u0026amp; the U.S.A... No couriers can enter or leave the country, no coded telegrams... Heavy raids continue... Details of the Navy's use of 'human torpedoes' as long ago as Jan 1943 have just been released... yet another suicide job. Their only hope lies in being taken prisoner, as occurred in the Palmero raid... workers are feeling the strain of 4 1/2 years of ever increasing work and many are ready to strike... Leave in the Army is still suspended.\u003c/p\u003e\n            ","\u003cp\u003e5 May 1944. 'Tonight at the NAAFI 'X' and I learned that E's posting has come through. She is leaving Wednesday. I am not at all sure that these notes are the right place to discuss the 'E' affairs...\"\u003c/p\u003e\n            ","\u003cp\u003e13 May 1944. \"... cycle ride to Aylesbury... the opening of 'Salute the Soldier Week'... strange influence of visitors... Glider Pilot Regiment, Crippled Dutch Sailor, Yanks, Polish Air Cadets, woofs from the West Indies, Pilots form Australia, New Zealand and Ceylon, Nursing Auxiliaries, and the Services from all over England Scotland \u0026amp; Wales - all rubbing shoulders with the good people of Bucks...\"\u003c/p\u003e\n            ","\u003cp\u003e8 June 1944. 'The long drawn out overture has ended. The curtain has gone up. Two days ago, June 6th... Allied command had issued a statement that a new bombing phase had begun... warning the people of occupied Europe... German naval forces were in contact with Allied landing craft. So came D Day... At 9.30 came the official communqiue No. 1 from SHEAEF and statement from Eisenhower... the first reaction was of relief that at last the period of waiting was over. How that period affected us, has, I hope, been shown in these notes... I set out to record pre-invasion England. That England no longer exists... So it is with all major changes in the world... the beginning of a chain of events that slowly encompass us all... Everyone of them whether they cross the channel or stay here in Bletchley.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n            ","\u003cp\u003e3 June 1944. 'The preparations as they affect our unit are as complete now as they are ever likely to be. We live then on short notice. /left Bletchley on the 8-1 5 train May 22 \u0026amp; returned by the 5-45 pm on May 24th. I had been home... for a few hours one leads a private life... For those hours one becomes Mr. So and So - Private Citizens. Back in Bletchley I entered an altered existence. For the first time for two \u0026amp; a half years I stopped working on shifts and became a 9 till 5 worker. An immediate result being my time for odd jobs such as writing journals seemed to disappear.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n            ","\u003cp\u003e19 June 1944. \"A few hundred miles to the south fierce fighting... The Americans have succeeded in reaching the West Coast of the Cherbourg peninsula... all reports indicate that - at least in Normandy - the behaviour of the German troops has been 'correct'... they have been accepted by the younger section of the population... the Germans have been sending pilot-less aircraft against London... too early to say how effective this new weapon s likely to be... the layman us inclined to the view that they must be very expensive in man-hours for construction and therefore the attack may dwindle... technical detailed are awaited with keen interest. 01\u003c/p\u003e\n            ","\u003cp\u003eEpilogue, written at Minehead, Somerset, 2 July 1944: We left Bletchley 23rd June. We heard of our departure on the 19th - just after writing general notes of the previous pages... most of us went off feeling as though we were going to war - and a few hours later were settling in comfort at St. A Here there is a short memory of events after the last recordings... How am I to round off this diary? I feel that it must stand or fall on what has already been written. It is an account of someone in search of entertainment \u0026amp; a little enlightenment in a country that has been at war for too long. Frankly I have enjoyed these months despite their artificiality. And yet at the same time I have hated them. The war has always been in the background nagging at us... We had a job to do and we did it as well as we were able until the middle of May. We were asked to join a unit that offered little but discomfort... I hate discomfort. I am afraid of danger. I think war is unnecessary and the greatest of man's inhumanity towards man. But I want to see things f or myself. I can only hope that I will always believe in intellect rather than instrument and force.\u003c/p\u003e\n          ","\u003cp\u003eFive volumes containing a profusion of succinct manuscript short notes penned by Hawker years after the war, dealing with all aspects of intelligence operatives executed not only by the British but others, such as Das Englandspiel (\"The England Game\"), also called Unternehmen Nordpol (Operation North Pole), launched by the German intelligence agency 'Abwehr.' Over and above his \"tech notes\" and pivotal events in the history of Morse code and ciphering, we find the names and roles of numerous intelligence personnel and colleagues, some by this time deceased, including some important figures from Bletchley Park such as Alan Turing (cryptologist, designer of the bomber, 'father of artificial intelligence'), V-2 rocket expert Reginald Victor Jones, and head of SIS (MI6) Sir Richard Gambier-Parry. Also named are Dutch SOE intelligence agents, notable BBC and Radio Londres announcers with pseudonyms and true identities, French Secret Intelligence officers, key Army and Navy leaders relating to clandestine communications, etc. The abundant volumes of data culminate into what appears to be an unpublished work by Hawker titled, \"War in The (A) Ether. Europe 1939-45: Radio Countermeasures in Bomber Command. An Historical Note.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n          ","\u003cp\u003e\"A Bit of Controversy: Pat Hawker- A Radio Life.\" by Steve White on John Patrick Hawker and a seven page article on Hawker from an unknown source.\u003c/p\u003e\n          ","\u003cp\u003e\"Not To Be Published - Reception Sets R.107. General Description and Working Instructions.\" A classified manual issued by British military circa 1942, with 40 pages of text, 10 fold-out plates to illustrate circuit diagrams, components, etc.\u003c/p\u003e\n          ","\u003cp\u003eBletchley Park News Bulletin, Issue No. 25, March 2002, which highlights an internal breach which resulted in the theft, and subsequent return, of a rare Abwehr Enigma machine. Together with other printed reports on the same incident, and a letter dated 1987 introducing Pat Hawker to a book titled, 'The Unknown War: North China 1937-1945\" by Beijing university professor Michael Lindsay, being his heroic account of constructing a transmitter sufficient to communicate with San Francisco the state of affairs in Communist China, especially with the Yenan Regime. The lot housed in a postmarked envelope addressed to Hawker.\u003c/p\u003e\n          ","\u003cp\u003eFurther miscellaneous papers including a chart of events, correspondence, book reviews, a map of the Milton Keynes area showing Weald Station, and several notes on British and German intelligence, the lot of a similar nature to the above groupings of data.\u003c/p\u003e\n          ","\u003cp\u003eAn unpublished work titled \"Broadband Communications Link: An Introductory Survey\" by Hawker. 52 pages.\u003c/p\u003e\n          ","\u003cp\u003e\"Cryptography Colossus\" in two folders containing numerous articles such as 'Cracking the Ciphers,' 'The Colossus of Bletchley Park,' 'Electronic Cryptography', 'Breaking the Enemy's Code,' 'Enigma,' 'The M209 cipher machine,' 'Privacy and Authentication: An Introduction To Cryptography,' 'Colossus: godfather of the computer,\" 'The Early Models of the Siemens and Halske T52 Cipher Machine,\" and others.\u003c/p\u003e\n          ","\u003cp\u003eTyped synopsis by Hawker titled \"Clandestine Radio Links of the Second World War (Western Europe)\" 6 pages, accompanied by several pages of related manuscript notes, subjects such as Abwehr Afu equipment, intercept stations for Enigma, certain Bletchley Park personneL and more, contained in an envelope sent from Robert \"Bob\" Hawes of Tottenham in London - WWII pacifist and objector, author of several books on vintage wireless.\u003c/p\u003e\n            ","\u003cp\u003eA second envelope contains yet more related notes, expounding further on German radio security (Funkabwehr), as well as French Special Services, Yugoslavia SOE. and the Enigma machine. Assortment of manuscript jottings which appear to contain details deciphered by intelligence, dated and occasionally cryptic, for example, \"Intelligence from TR - Col. Barils 2nd B ... setting up of largest Abwehr network in North Africa ... \" Notes on the capture of British radio operators, the fate of other colleagues, and notable events from 1940-1942, also some wireless radio specs.\u003c/p\u003e\n          ","\u003cp\u003eAnnotated typed drafts of articles written by Hawker headed \"Radio Amateurs and World War II\" and \"Clandestine Radio in World War II\" together with manuscript notes mainly dealing with Polish intelligence.\u003c/p\u003e\n          ","\u003cp\u003eNewspaper clippings, a list of headlines in 'The Times' in 1944, manuscript lecture notes, excerpts from published works, information obtained from three visits to the Imperial War Museum Reference Library, a photocopy of a 1950 issue of the 'Mercury' journal of the Royal Signals Amateur Radio Society, the March 1983 issue of \"Amateur Radio\" Magazine featuring a 12 page article by Hawker titled ''The Secrets of Wartime Radio.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n          ","\u003cp\u003eManuscript transcripts of 1980s BBC documentary films \"The Hunger Winter\" which describes the Dutch famine of 1944, \"All the King's Men\" revealing the SOE's Greatest Wartime Disaster, and Part II of 'The Profession of Intelligence\" by historian Dr. Christopher Andrew.\u003c/p\u003e\n          ","\u003cp\u003eA group of seven copies of his lectures and illustrated publications headed 'Clandestine Radio', most being the same or similar in content, as well as two other articles in the same format.\u003c/p\u003e\n          ","\u003cp\u003eA grouping of four letters being correspondence between Hawker and V-2 rocket expert R. V . Jones pertaining to the Germans using the Eiffel Tower to send television transmissions during the war. These include three signed letters from Jones, a copy of Hawker's signed manuscript reply letter. Excerpt from Hawker's letter: \": Yes, I can confirm at third hand that there were 44 1-line television transmissions on about 45MHz from the Eiffel Tower from January 1943 until August 16, 1944 intended for German forces in hospitals and soldiers' clubs etc, and that these transmissions were monitored at Beachy Head.\" There is also an additional letter, perhaps by Hawker, on the subject of A.D. Blumlein.\u003c/p\u003e\n            ","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n          ","\u003cp\u003eTwo folders devoted mainly to correspondence with Geoffrey Pigeon, containing several signed letters and just as many SCU newsletters which accompanied them. In 1942 Pigeon worked for Ml6 (Section VIII), was enlisted with the Royal Corps of Signals at Whaddon HaiL and later authored ''The Secret Wireless War\" for which he is famed.\u003c/p\u003e\n          ","\u003cp\u003eFurther war related notes, hand trimmed and pasted into 3 small cardstock booklets, autobiographical and instructional in nature (for field radio agents}, also containing names of colleagues and types of radio equipment.\u003c/p\u003e\n          ","\u003cp\u003eTwo folders featuring Hawker's personal wartime accounts Including an autobiographical sketch which includes his important service with SCU9, a description of his arrival in Paris , an insider's perspective of the Ml6 and MI5, further filled with manuscript notes on Russian Clandestine Radio, a calendar of events relating to Czechoslovakia from 1939 to 1942, exposes on sabotages and secret Allied-German collaboration, resistance in Holland, and a timeline history of the Government Code and Cipher School (GC\u0026amp;CS}.\u003c/p\u003e\n          ","\u003cp\u003eA substantial collection of copied printed material on the German two-way radio system, replete with diagrams and illustration, featuring a German manual for equipment used by their military intelligence division, titled \"Funkgerate des Militarischen Nachrichtendienstes \" and an account on short waves titled \"Die Funkpeilung der Kurzen Wellen.\" Also with information in German dealing with the R-350 and R-350M Russian spy radio sets developed in the former USS R in the mid 1950s, this lot of papers facilitates a technical study of various instruments such as suitcase radios. their mechanical design, specific components, application and efficiency. Together with a letter from a friend enquiring about Eastern Bloc B2 spyset radios.\u003c/p\u003e\n          "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Substantial document archive of significant intelligence content, written and compiled by John Patrick Hawker, British SOE (Special Operations Executive), pertaining to British intelligence, cryptography and clandestine radio in the Second World War. A veritable cornucopia of information in the form of Hawker's personal notes, mainly in manuscript and including a wartime diary kept by him while at Bletchley. Includes later research, interviews, articles, a few letters, and such starting about the time that Bletchley Park's secret operations were made known to the public in the 1970s. The lot concentrating on World War II military intelligence, the devices which served to decipher and transmit confidential data, the organizations and notable individuals dutifully engaged in clandestine communication operations. Together with his biography, written by Steve White in 2008, titled \"A Bit of Controversy: Pat Hawker- A Radio Life.\"","The manuscript journal was penned from 6 March to 19 June 1944, while at SIS Tattenhoe Camp in Far Bletchley, part of the Bletchley Park network, (a Secret Army Camp at the junction of Whaddon Way and Buckingham Road). Pat Hawker, then 22 years of age, inquisitive, ambitious, and exceptionally proficient in radio communications, describes his wartime experience with the covert establishments of British Intelligence divisions, mainly interaction with Bletchley colleagues, descriptions of the NAAFI, recreational excursions, entertainment, as well as his thoughts on the war as it unfolds. With only cryptic references such as \"Hut E\" of which he names his colleagues, remembering his time at 'H' [Hanslope Park], and working 'night shifts', he is mindful not to record specifics about his training, duties, or achievements, nor anything of the clandestine operations, though some commentary reveals the temptation to do. At the end of the volume a single page consists of a calendar of field assignments made with SCU9 unit to connect the Army with British intelligence agents during the final stages of the war. He travelled from London to Leigh-on-Sea, then Saint-Gabriei-Brécy and Paris, to Brussels then Eindhoven and Helmond in Holland, circling to and fro between these places and others, penetrating Germany in the North Rhine-Westphalia district and arriving at Süchteln approximately the 21st of May 1944, subsequently making his way to Bad Salzuflen, Bad Godesberg [the first major German city to be transferred to Allied forces control without a battle], and the district of Uedorf in the city of Bornheim (near Bonn). Together with a small photograph of 8 men in military uniform, loosely placed inside the volume. 118 pages.","Excerpts from Hawker's wartime diary:","March 6th 1944 - Tattenhoe. \"... the next few weeks will see for me and for millions like me - the ending of an era. The shadow has been cast - only the events themselves remain as yet unrevealed...\"\"l am a Lance Corporal in the Royal Corps of Signals engaged on wireless duties ... I, and some of my friends, will most probably be in on the 'Second Front' ... A party of twenty... My guess would be for April 5th. On that date I shall be twenty-two ... To be quite frank I do not particularly want this type of adventure... The Jack of civilized amenities... We may see things in other lands that will make us wonder how we ever tolerated life in dull Bletchley Bucks.\" \"... Tattenhoe Camp. I am writing this in my cubicle E7 ...this chronicle is not only a diary of events but of thoughts and ideas I do not feel bound to keep to the confines of time.\" \"Bletchley is a town of one street... leading up to the Park - that is at the Eight Bells - it wanders on under the railway bridge - past the Chi/tern Library past the dingy snack cafe, the many poor little shops to the Garden Cafe and the Studio Cinema and then meanders into Fenny Stratford... it is peopled by the strange mixture that work at the Park. The wrens, waafs and ats and most superior civil servants and dashing naval officers and slovenly army officers and occasional Americans... Unlike the other small towns in Bucks it cannot retain its own features. It seems to have been swamped by the invading army... All the local inhabitants have a timid frightened look in their eye as though wondering by what grace of God or Mr Griffin the Billeting Officer they are still allowed to retain part of their homes...\"","15 March 1944. \"Russian Events\" \"In Russia an important offensive on the whole of the Southern Front appears to be under way with an immediate objective in the port \u0026 base of Nikolaev [Mykolaiv] 20 miles from advancing Russians... With the crossing of this river, Odessa would be directly threatened and a general invasion of Bessarabia possible. Peace convoys from Russia are rumoured to be active in Istanbul following the Finnish-Soviet talks... apparently made little headway... further advance by the Red Army will almost certainly bring about peace talks...\"","22 March 1944. \"World at War [Htl..] has occupied the territory of his ally - Hungary... The seizure has been in Grand style. Regent Horthy the fleetless Admiral was summoned to meet [Htl..] and detained. Troops poured into Budapest at dawn... Spasmodic raids on London continue... In America, pre-Presidential elections activities are already clouding the picture...\"","[Here a list of personnel in 'Hut E' interjects the chronicle of daily events.]","25 March 1944. \"News from H [Hanslope Park].\" \"... the greatest surprise of the week... Bill Bernard... informed us that he had come to stay and gave us remarkable news of the old unit. This is no place for any discussion of the position there but many of my closest friends in that unit have suddenly been moved due to their 'suppressive' activities. Also caught in the storm were a number of the officers blamed for having allowed discontent to arise. For a long time my friends have been pressing for improved conditions in that camp...\"","31 March 1944. \"The Russian advance continues. Nikolaev has fallen and the Red Army is racing towards Odessa... are within a few miles of Hungary \u0026 Czechoslovakia. The German retreat is becoming disordered and reports of disintegration are... [On March 28, 1944 the city was liberated from German control, in part because of Soviet Senior Lieutenant Konstantin F. Olshansky's paratroopers and their daring raid, during which the majority of his troops were killed]\" .... 'The Air Ministry has announced that we have a new fighter. The make and its name are 'official secrets'. But several weeks ago an American magazine article stated that the new Hawker 'Tempest' was being used by the RAF!\"","3 April 1944. \"Cycled to Newport Pagnell... Met several of the old crowd Wilt Allen, Dick Draper, Alf Taylor. Heard of several new moves, Jim Roghly to N.W. area, Fred Graham, Wilt Elmore to B ...it is now a place of haunting memories of people whom I have known but now seldom see. The old original fellows who went to H in 1941 - Des Downing, Matt Smith, Les Gorley, Stan Thomas, Peter Camello, Bill Windle, Bill Robertson, Bill Hutchford, Smudger Smith, Gilbert Moss, and many others. What talk did that dimly lit room hear... We were bound together by necessity. The only place in the neighbourhood where food was to be bought. In the days before WVS Canteens [Women's Voluntary Service] ...\"","21 April 1944. 'The period covered by these notes has already been far greater than I had originally anticipated. How much longer before the balloon goes up? I believe that early May will witness the opening of the offensive... the Government withdrew all diplomatic privileges from its representatives of foreign powers - excluding only Russia \u0026 the U.S.A... No couriers can enter or leave the country, no coded telegrams... Heavy raids continue... Details of the Navy's use of 'human torpedoes' as long ago as Jan 1943 have just been released... yet another suicide job. Their only hope lies in being taken prisoner, as occurred in the Palmero raid... workers are feeling the strain of 4 1/2 years of ever increasing work and many are ready to strike... Leave in the Army is still suspended.","5 May 1944. 'Tonight at the NAAFI 'X' and I learned that E's posting has come through. She is leaving Wednesday. I am not at all sure that these notes are the right place to discuss the 'E' affairs...\"","13 May 1944. \"... cycle ride to Aylesbury... the opening of 'Salute the Soldier Week'... strange influence of visitors... Glider Pilot Regiment, Crippled Dutch Sailor, Yanks, Polish Air Cadets, woofs from the West Indies, Pilots form Australia, New Zealand and Ceylon, Nursing Auxiliaries, and the Services from all over England Scotland \u0026 Wales - all rubbing shoulders with the good people of Bucks...\"","8 June 1944. 'The long drawn out overture has ended. The curtain has gone up. Two days ago, June 6th... Allied command had issued a statement that a new bombing phase had begun... warning the people of occupied Europe... German naval forces were in contact with Allied landing craft. So came D Day... At 9.30 came the official communqiue No. 1 from SHEAEF and statement from Eisenhower... the first reaction was of relief that at last the period of waiting was over. How that period affected us, has, I hope, been shown in these notes... I set out to record pre-invasion England. That England no longer exists... So it is with all major changes in the world... the beginning of a chain of events that slowly encompass us all... Everyone of them whether they cross the channel or stay here in Bletchley.\"","3 June 1944. 'The preparations as they affect our unit are as complete now as they are ever likely to be. We live then on short notice. /left Bletchley on the 8-1 5 train May 22 \u0026 returned by the 5-45 pm on May 24th. I had been home... for a few hours one leads a private life... For those hours one becomes Mr. So and So - Private Citizens. Back in Bletchley I entered an altered existence. For the first time for two \u0026 a half years I stopped working on shifts and became a 9 till 5 worker. An immediate result being my time for odd jobs such as writing journals seemed to disappear.\"","19 June 1944. \"A few hundred miles to the south fierce fighting... The Americans have succeeded in reaching the West Coast of the Cherbourg peninsula... all reports indicate that - at least in Normandy - the behaviour of the German troops has been 'correct'... they have been accepted by the younger section of the population... the Germans have been sending pilot-less aircraft against London... too early to say how effective this new weapon s likely to be... the layman us inclined to the view that they must be very expensive in man-hours for construction and therefore the attack may dwindle... technical detailed are awaited with keen interest. 01","Epilogue, written at Minehead, Somerset, 2 July 1944: We left Bletchley 23rd June. We heard of our departure on the 19th - just after writing general notes of the previous pages... most of us went off feeling as though we were going to war - and a few hours later were settling in comfort at St. A Here there is a short memory of events after the last recordings... How am I to round off this diary? I feel that it must stand or fall on what has already been written. It is an account of someone in search of entertainment \u0026 a little enlightenment in a country that has been at war for too long. Frankly I have enjoyed these months despite their artificiality. And yet at the same time I have hated them. The war has always been in the background nagging at us... We had a job to do and we did it as well as we were able until the middle of May. We were asked to join a unit that offered little but discomfort... I hate discomfort. I am afraid of danger. I think war is unnecessary and the greatest of man's inhumanity towards man. But I want to see things f or myself. I can only hope that I will always believe in intellect rather than instrument and force.","Five volumes containing a profusion of succinct manuscript short notes penned by Hawker years after the war, dealing with all aspects of intelligence operatives executed not only by the British but others, such as Das Englandspiel (\"The England Game\"), also called Unternehmen Nordpol (Operation North Pole), launched by the German intelligence agency 'Abwehr.' Over and above his \"tech notes\" and pivotal events in the history of Morse code and ciphering, we find the names and roles of numerous intelligence personnel and colleagues, some by this time deceased, including some important figures from Bletchley Park such as Alan Turing (cryptologist, designer of the bomber, 'father of artificial intelligence'), V-2 rocket expert Reginald Victor Jones, and head of SIS (MI6) Sir Richard Gambier-Parry. Also named are Dutch SOE intelligence agents, notable BBC and Radio Londres announcers with pseudonyms and true identities, French Secret Intelligence officers, key Army and Navy leaders relating to clandestine communications, etc. The abundant volumes of data culminate into what appears to be an unpublished work by Hawker titled, \"War in The (A) Ether. Europe 1939-45: Radio Countermeasures in Bomber Command. An Historical Note.\"","\"A Bit of Controversy: Pat Hawker- A Radio Life.\" by Steve White on John Patrick Hawker and a seven page article on Hawker from an unknown source.","\"Not To Be Published - Reception Sets R.107. General Description and Working Instructions.\" A classified manual issued by British military circa 1942, with 40 pages of text, 10 fold-out plates to illustrate circuit diagrams, components, etc.","Bletchley Park News Bulletin, Issue No. 25, March 2002, which highlights an internal breach which resulted in the theft, and subsequent return, of a rare Abwehr Enigma machine. Together with other printed reports on the same incident, and a letter dated 1987 introducing Pat Hawker to a book titled, 'The Unknown War: North China 1937-1945\" by Beijing university professor Michael Lindsay, being his heroic account of constructing a transmitter sufficient to communicate with San Francisco the state of affairs in Communist China, especially with the Yenan Regime. The lot housed in a postmarked envelope addressed to Hawker.","Further miscellaneous papers including a chart of events, correspondence, book reviews, a map of the Milton Keynes area showing Weald Station, and several notes on British and German intelligence, the lot of a similar nature to the above groupings of data.","An unpublished work titled \"Broadband Communications Link: An Introductory Survey\" by Hawker. 52 pages.","\"Cryptography Colossus\" in two folders containing numerous articles such as 'Cracking the Ciphers,' 'The Colossus of Bletchley Park,' 'Electronic Cryptography', 'Breaking the Enemy's Code,' 'Enigma,' 'The M209 cipher machine,' 'Privacy and Authentication: An Introduction To Cryptography,' 'Colossus: godfather of the computer,\" 'The Early Models of the Siemens and Halske T52 Cipher Machine,\" and others.","Typed synopsis by Hawker titled \"Clandestine Radio Links of the Second World War (Western Europe)\" 6 pages, accompanied by several pages of related manuscript notes, subjects such as Abwehr Afu equipment, intercept stations for Enigma, certain Bletchley Park personneL and more, contained in an envelope sent from Robert \"Bob\" Hawes of Tottenham in London - WWII pacifist and objector, author of several books on vintage wireless.","A second envelope contains yet more related notes, expounding further on German radio security (Funkabwehr), as well as French Special Services, Yugoslavia SOE. and the Enigma machine. Assortment of manuscript jottings which appear to contain details deciphered by intelligence, dated and occasionally cryptic, for example, \"Intelligence from TR - Col. Barils 2nd B ... setting up of largest Abwehr network in North Africa ... \" Notes on the capture of British radio operators, the fate of other colleagues, and notable events from 1940-1942, also some wireless radio specs.","Annotated typed drafts of articles written by Hawker headed \"Radio Amateurs and World War II\" and \"Clandestine Radio in World War II\" together with manuscript notes mainly dealing with Polish intelligence.","Newspaper clippings, a list of headlines in 'The Times' in 1944, manuscript lecture notes, excerpts from published works, information obtained from three visits to the Imperial War Museum Reference Library, a photocopy of a 1950 issue of the 'Mercury' journal of the Royal Signals Amateur Radio Society, the March 1983 issue of \"Amateur Radio\" Magazine featuring a 12 page article by Hawker titled ''The Secrets of Wartime Radio.\"","Manuscript transcripts of 1980s BBC documentary films \"The Hunger Winter\" which describes the Dutch famine of 1944, \"All the King's Men\" revealing the SOE's Greatest Wartime Disaster, and Part II of 'The Profession of Intelligence\" by historian Dr. Christopher Andrew.","A group of seven copies of his lectures and illustrated publications headed 'Clandestine Radio', most being the same or similar in content, as well as two other articles in the same format.","A grouping of four letters being correspondence between Hawker and V-2 rocket expert R. V . Jones pertaining to the Germans using the Eiffel Tower to send television transmissions during the war. These include three signed letters from Jones, a copy of Hawker's signed manuscript reply letter. Excerpt from Hawker's letter: \": Yes, I can confirm at third hand that there were 44 1-line television transmissions on about 45MHz from the Eiffel Tower from January 1943 until August 16, 1944 intended for German forces in hospitals and soldiers' clubs etc, and that these transmissions were monitored at Beachy Head.\" There is also an additional letter, perhaps by Hawker, on the subject of A.D. Blumlein.","Two folders devoted mainly to correspondence with Geoffrey Pigeon, containing several signed letters and just as many SCU newsletters which accompanied them. In 1942 Pigeon worked for Ml6 (Section VIII), was enlisted with the Royal Corps of Signals at Whaddon HaiL and later authored ''The Secret Wireless War\" for which he is famed.","Further war related notes, hand trimmed and pasted into 3 small cardstock booklets, autobiographical and instructional in nature (for field radio agents}, also containing names of colleagues and types of radio equipment.","Two folders featuring Hawker's personal wartime accounts Including an autobiographical sketch which includes his important service with SCU9, a description of his arrival in Paris , an insider's perspective of the Ml6 and MI5, further filled with manuscript notes on Russian Clandestine Radio, a calendar of events relating to Czechoslovakia from 1939 to 1942, exposes on sabotages and secret Allied-German collaboration, resistance in Holland, and a timeline history of the Government Code and Cipher School (GC\u0026CS}.","A substantial collection of copied printed material on the German two-way radio system, replete with diagrams and illustration, featuring a German manual for equipment used by their military intelligence division, titled \"Funkgerate des Militarischen Nachrichtendienstes \" and an account on short waves titled \"Die Funkpeilung der Kurzen Wellen.\" Also with information in German dealing with the R-350 and R-350M Russian spy radio sets developed in the former USS R in the mid 1950s, this lot of papers facilitates a technical study of various instruments such as suitcase radios. their mechanical design, specific components, application and efficiency. Together with a letter from a friend enquiring about Eastern Bloc B2 spyset radios."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions on personal use. Permission to publish material from the John Patrick Hawker papers must be obtained from Special Collections and Archives, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions on personal use. Permission to publish material from the John Patrick Hawker papers must be obtained from Special Collections and Archives, George Mason University Libraries."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"ref40\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eSubstantial document archive of significant intelligence content, written and compiled by John Patrick Hawker, British SOE (Special Operations Executive), pertaining to British intelligence, cryptography and clandestine radio in the Second World War.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n      "],"abstract_tesim":["Substantial document archive of significant intelligence content, written and compiled by John Patrick Hawker, British SOE (Special Operations Executive), pertaining to British intelligence, cryptography and clandestine radio in the Second World War."],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections \u0026 Archives"],"persname_ssim":["Hawker, John Patrick"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. 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Permission to publish material from the John Patrick Hawker papers must be obtained from Special Collections and Archives, George Mason University Libraries."],"date_range_isim":[1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008],"_nest_path_":"/components#0","timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:54:20.896Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_402","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_402","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_402","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_402","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_402.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"http://sca.gmu.edu/finding_aids/hawker.html","title_ssm":["John Patrick Hawker papers"],"title_tesim":["John Patrick Hawker papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1942-2009"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1942-2009"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1942/2009"],"normalized_title_ssm":["John Patrick Hawker papers, 1942/2009"],"text":["John Patrick Hawker papers, 1942/2009","C0275","/repositories/2/resources/402","World War, 1939-1945","Military intelligence -- Great Britain","Military intelligence -- Germany","There are no access restrictions.","Organized by subject and date.","John Patrick Hawker MBE (1922-2013), G3VA, popularly known as Pat Hawker, was a professional and amateur radio engineer, who during the Second World War was actively engaged in British Intelligence services, and Is associated with the Bletchley Park code-breaking centre, working with clandestine radio to support resistance units. Hawker was involved in many aspects of radio, beginning in World War II as a member of the Radio Security Service (RSS) and its connections to British Security Service Military Intelligence Ml5 and the Secret Intelligence Service Ml6. In 1941 at the young age of 19 he started at Bletchley Park as an intercept operator. The bay he worked in contained two HRO receivers, each operator being given a specific list of signals to listen for. In April 1943 he was transferred to Section VIII unit, and served at Weald Station as a two-way radio operator, under Morse code expert Captain Robert Henry \"Harry\" Tricker. In 1944 Pat joined unit SCU9 and was sent Into war zones where covert communications were required . After the D-Day Allied invasion of Europe in June, with the small mobile unit headed to Normandy under the direction of Tricker who was now a Major, Pat went to Normandy, where he remained until August. He subsequently travelled to Paris, Brussels, Eindhoven, etc. and into Germany, with the same British intelligence services unit, mainly to report German troop movements and to connect 21st Army Group with Secret Intelligence Service field agents and SUSSEX intelligence teams.","At the end of October 1944 he was assigned as a personal operator for an Intelligence officer heading for Nijmegen (Nimeguen) in the Netherlands, and was provided with a double transposition poem cipher (LMT cipher) , which was unprecedented in the Ml6 as radio operating and ciphering were usually separate. [Double transposition was generall y regarded as the most complicated cipher that an agent could operate reliably under difficult field conditions]. At Nijmegen he became involved with the IS9 which was another 'private army' and which organized escape and evasion of Allied troops and breakaways. For a brief time in 1945 he worked with Holland's Bureau of National Security. At the Abbe Museum in Eindhoven, which served as British Intelligence headquarters, he worked for the remainder of the war as chief operator in a Dutch network for cipher de-coding, he being the only English speaking person there. At war's end in Europe, Pat rejoined SCU9 in the British Zone of Germany, sending six months in Rhineland and gaining much insight into the complexities of the utmost secret intelligence operations. After the war Hawker was regarded as an authority on clandestine radio. He became a key figure in British radio and television, and was Vice President of the Radio Society of Great Britain (RSGB) . The Bletchley Park 'Summary of Service' lists John Patrick Hawker with the British Army Royal Signals, working at Hanslope Park and Whaddon Hall in the years 1941-1946, the centres for disseminating Bletchley Park's intelligence reports, situated near Bletchley.","Collection is unprocessed. Description of collection abstracted from vendor catalog. EAD markup completed by Jordan Patty in August 2015.","Special Collections and Archives also holds an extensive collection of rare books on military intelligence.","Substantial document archive of significant intelligence content, written and compiled by John Patrick Hawker, British SOE (Special Operations Executive), pertaining to British intelligence, cryptography and clandestine radio in the Second World War. A veritable cornucopia of information in the form of Hawker's personal notes, mainly in manuscript and including a wartime diary kept by him while at Bletchley. Includes later research, interviews, articles, a few letters, and such starting about the time that Bletchley Park's secret operations were made known to the public in the 1970s. The lot concentrating on World War II military intelligence, the devices which served to decipher and transmit confidential data, the organizations and notable individuals dutifully engaged in clandestine communication operations. Together with his biography, written by Steve White in 2008, titled \"A Bit of Controversy: Pat Hawker- A Radio Life.\"","The manuscript journal was penned from 6 March to 19 June 1944, while at SIS Tattenhoe Camp in Far Bletchley, part of the Bletchley Park network, (a Secret Army Camp at the junction of Whaddon Way and Buckingham Road). Pat Hawker, then 22 years of age, inquisitive, ambitious, and exceptionally proficient in radio communications, describes his wartime experience with the covert establishments of British Intelligence divisions, mainly interaction with Bletchley colleagues, descriptions of the NAAFI, recreational excursions, entertainment, as well as his thoughts on the war as it unfolds. With only cryptic references such as \"Hut E\" of which he names his colleagues, remembering his time at 'H' [Hanslope Park], and working 'night shifts', he is mindful not to record specifics about his training, duties, or achievements, nor anything of the clandestine operations, though some commentary reveals the temptation to do. At the end of the volume a single page consists of a calendar of field assignments made with SCU9 unit to connect the Army with British intelligence agents during the final stages of the war. He travelled from London to Leigh-on-Sea, then Saint-Gabriei-Brécy and Paris, to Brussels then Eindhoven and Helmond in Holland, circling to and fro between these places and others, penetrating Germany in the North Rhine-Westphalia district and arriving at Süchteln approximately the 21st of May 1944, subsequently making his way to Bad Salzuflen, Bad Godesberg [the first major German city to be transferred to Allied forces control without a battle], and the district of Uedorf in the city of Bornheim (near Bonn). Together with a small photograph of 8 men in military uniform, loosely placed inside the volume. 118 pages.","Excerpts from Hawker's wartime diary:","March 6th 1944 - Tattenhoe. \"... the next few weeks will see for me and for millions like me - the ending of an era. The shadow has been cast - only the events themselves remain as yet unrevealed...\"\"l am a Lance Corporal in the Royal Corps of Signals engaged on wireless duties ... I, and some of my friends, will most probably be in on the 'Second Front' ... A party of twenty... My guess would be for April 5th. On that date I shall be twenty-two ... To be quite frank I do not particularly want this type of adventure... The Jack of civilized amenities... We may see things in other lands that will make us wonder how we ever tolerated life in dull Bletchley Bucks.\" \"... Tattenhoe Camp. I am writing this in my cubicle E7 ...this chronicle is not only a diary of events but of thoughts and ideas I do not feel bound to keep to the confines of time.\" \"Bletchley is a town of one street... leading up to the Park - that is at the Eight Bells - it wanders on under the railway bridge - past the Chi/tern Library past the dingy snack cafe, the many poor little shops to the Garden Cafe and the Studio Cinema and then meanders into Fenny Stratford... it is peopled by the strange mixture that work at the Park. The wrens, waafs and ats and most superior civil servants and dashing naval officers and slovenly army officers and occasional Americans... Unlike the other small towns in Bucks it cannot retain its own features. It seems to have been swamped by the invading army... All the local inhabitants have a timid frightened look in their eye as though wondering by what grace of God or Mr Griffin the Billeting Officer they are still allowed to retain part of their homes...\"","15 March 1944. \"Russian Events\" \"In Russia an important offensive on the whole of the Southern Front appears to be under way with an immediate objective in the port \u0026 base of Nikolaev [Mykolaiv] 20 miles from advancing Russians... With the crossing of this river, Odessa would be directly threatened and a general invasion of Bessarabia possible. Peace convoys from Russia are rumoured to be active in Istanbul following the Finnish-Soviet talks... apparently made little headway... further advance by the Red Army will almost certainly bring about peace talks...\"","22 March 1944. \"World at War [Htl..] has occupied the territory of his ally - Hungary... The seizure has been in Grand style. Regent Horthy the fleetless Admiral was summoned to meet [Htl..] and detained. Troops poured into Budapest at dawn... Spasmodic raids on London continue... In America, pre-Presidential elections activities are already clouding the picture...\"","[Here a list of personnel in 'Hut E' interjects the chronicle of daily events.]","25 March 1944. \"News from H [Hanslope Park].\" \"... the greatest surprise of the week... Bill Bernard... informed us that he had come to stay and gave us remarkable news of the old unit. This is no place for any discussion of the position there but many of my closest friends in that unit have suddenly been moved due to their 'suppressive' activities. Also caught in the storm were a number of the officers blamed for having allowed discontent to arise. For a long time my friends have been pressing for improved conditions in that camp...\"","31 March 1944. \"The Russian advance continues. Nikolaev has fallen and the Red Army is racing towards Odessa... are within a few miles of Hungary \u0026 Czechoslovakia. The German retreat is becoming disordered and reports of disintegration are... [On March 28, 1944 the city was liberated from German control, in part because of Soviet Senior Lieutenant Konstantin F. Olshansky's paratroopers and their daring raid, during which the majority of his troops were killed]\" .... 'The Air Ministry has announced that we have a new fighter. The make and its name are 'official secrets'. But several weeks ago an American magazine article stated that the new Hawker 'Tempest' was being used by the RAF!\"","3 April 1944. \"Cycled to Newport Pagnell... Met several of the old crowd Wilt Allen, Dick Draper, Alf Taylor. Heard of several new moves, Jim Roghly to N.W. area, Fred Graham, Wilt Elmore to B ...it is now a place of haunting memories of people whom I have known but now seldom see. The old original fellows who went to H in 1941 - Des Downing, Matt Smith, Les Gorley, Stan Thomas, Peter Camello, Bill Windle, Bill Robertson, Bill Hutchford, Smudger Smith, Gilbert Moss, and many others. What talk did that dimly lit room hear... We were bound together by necessity. The only place in the neighbourhood where food was to be bought. In the days before WVS Canteens [Women's Voluntary Service] ...\"","21 April 1944. 'The period covered by these notes has already been far greater than I had originally anticipated. How much longer before the balloon goes up? I believe that early May will witness the opening of the offensive... the Government withdrew all diplomatic privileges from its representatives of foreign powers - excluding only Russia \u0026 the U.S.A... No couriers can enter or leave the country, no coded telegrams... Heavy raids continue... Details of the Navy's use of 'human torpedoes' as long ago as Jan 1943 have just been released... yet another suicide job. Their only hope lies in being taken prisoner, as occurred in the Palmero raid... workers are feeling the strain of 4 1/2 years of ever increasing work and many are ready to strike... Leave in the Army is still suspended.","5 May 1944. 'Tonight at the NAAFI 'X' and I learned that E's posting has come through. She is leaving Wednesday. I am not at all sure that these notes are the right place to discuss the 'E' affairs...\"","13 May 1944. \"... cycle ride to Aylesbury... the opening of 'Salute the Soldier Week'... strange influence of visitors... Glider Pilot Regiment, Crippled Dutch Sailor, Yanks, Polish Air Cadets, woofs from the West Indies, Pilots form Australia, New Zealand and Ceylon, Nursing Auxiliaries, and the Services from all over England Scotland \u0026 Wales - all rubbing shoulders with the good people of Bucks...\"","8 June 1944. 'The long drawn out overture has ended. The curtain has gone up. Two days ago, June 6th... Allied command had issued a statement that a new bombing phase had begun... warning the people of occupied Europe... German naval forces were in contact with Allied landing craft. So came D Day... At 9.30 came the official communqiue No. 1 from SHEAEF and statement from Eisenhower... the first reaction was of relief that at last the period of waiting was over. How that period affected us, has, I hope, been shown in these notes... I set out to record pre-invasion England. That England no longer exists... So it is with all major changes in the world... the beginning of a chain of events that slowly encompass us all... Everyone of them whether they cross the channel or stay here in Bletchley.\"","3 June 1944. 'The preparations as they affect our unit are as complete now as they are ever likely to be. We live then on short notice. /left Bletchley on the 8-1 5 train May 22 \u0026 returned by the 5-45 pm on May 24th. I had been home... for a few hours one leads a private life... For those hours one becomes Mr. So and So - Private Citizens. Back in Bletchley I entered an altered existence. For the first time for two \u0026 a half years I stopped working on shifts and became a 9 till 5 worker. An immediate result being my time for odd jobs such as writing journals seemed to disappear.\"","19 June 1944. \"A few hundred miles to the south fierce fighting... The Americans have succeeded in reaching the West Coast of the Cherbourg peninsula... all reports indicate that - at least in Normandy - the behaviour of the German troops has been 'correct'... they have been accepted by the younger section of the population... the Germans have been sending pilot-less aircraft against London... too early to say how effective this new weapon s likely to be... the layman us inclined to the view that they must be very expensive in man-hours for construction and therefore the attack may dwindle... technical detailed are awaited with keen interest. 01","Epilogue, written at Minehead, Somerset, 2 July 1944: We left Bletchley 23rd June. We heard of our departure on the 19th - just after writing general notes of the previous pages... most of us went off feeling as though we were going to war - and a few hours later were settling in comfort at St. A Here there is a short memory of events after the last recordings... How am I to round off this diary? I feel that it must stand or fall on what has already been written. It is an account of someone in search of entertainment \u0026 a little enlightenment in a country that has been at war for too long. Frankly I have enjoyed these months despite their artificiality. And yet at the same time I have hated them. The war has always been in the background nagging at us... We had a job to do and we did it as well as we were able until the middle of May. We were asked to join a unit that offered little but discomfort... I hate discomfort. I am afraid of danger. I think war is unnecessary and the greatest of man's inhumanity towards man. But I want to see things f or myself. I can only hope that I will always believe in intellect rather than instrument and force.","Five volumes containing a profusion of succinct manuscript short notes penned by Hawker years after the war, dealing with all aspects of intelligence operatives executed not only by the British but others, such as Das Englandspiel (\"The England Game\"), also called Unternehmen Nordpol (Operation North Pole), launched by the German intelligence agency 'Abwehr.' Over and above his \"tech notes\" and pivotal events in the history of Morse code and ciphering, we find the names and roles of numerous intelligence personnel and colleagues, some by this time deceased, including some important figures from Bletchley Park such as Alan Turing (cryptologist, designer of the bomber, 'father of artificial intelligence'), V-2 rocket expert Reginald Victor Jones, and head of SIS (MI6) Sir Richard Gambier-Parry. Also named are Dutch SOE intelligence agents, notable BBC and Radio Londres announcers with pseudonyms and true identities, French Secret Intelligence officers, key Army and Navy leaders relating to clandestine communications, etc. The abundant volumes of data culminate into what appears to be an unpublished work by Hawker titled, \"War in The (A) Ether. Europe 1939-45: Radio Countermeasures in Bomber Command. An Historical Note.\"","\"A Bit of Controversy: Pat Hawker- A Radio Life.\" by Steve White on John Patrick Hawker and a seven page article on Hawker from an unknown source.","\"Not To Be Published - Reception Sets R.107. General Description and Working Instructions.\" A classified manual issued by British military circa 1942, with 40 pages of text, 10 fold-out plates to illustrate circuit diagrams, components, etc.","Bletchley Park News Bulletin, Issue No. 25, March 2002, which highlights an internal breach which resulted in the theft, and subsequent return, of a rare Abwehr Enigma machine. Together with other printed reports on the same incident, and a letter dated 1987 introducing Pat Hawker to a book titled, 'The Unknown War: North China 1937-1945\" by Beijing university professor Michael Lindsay, being his heroic account of constructing a transmitter sufficient to communicate with San Francisco the state of affairs in Communist China, especially with the Yenan Regime. The lot housed in a postmarked envelope addressed to Hawker.","Further miscellaneous papers including a chart of events, correspondence, book reviews, a map of the Milton Keynes area showing Weald Station, and several notes on British and German intelligence, the lot of a similar nature to the above groupings of data.","An unpublished work titled \"Broadband Communications Link: An Introductory Survey\" by Hawker. 52 pages.","\"Cryptography Colossus\" in two folders containing numerous articles such as 'Cracking the Ciphers,' 'The Colossus of Bletchley Park,' 'Electronic Cryptography', 'Breaking the Enemy's Code,' 'Enigma,' 'The M209 cipher machine,' 'Privacy and Authentication: An Introduction To Cryptography,' 'Colossus: godfather of the computer,\" 'The Early Models of the Siemens and Halske T52 Cipher Machine,\" and others.","Typed synopsis by Hawker titled \"Clandestine Radio Links of the Second World War (Western Europe)\" 6 pages, accompanied by several pages of related manuscript notes, subjects such as Abwehr Afu equipment, intercept stations for Enigma, certain Bletchley Park personneL and more, contained in an envelope sent from Robert \"Bob\" Hawes of Tottenham in London - WWII pacifist and objector, author of several books on vintage wireless.","A second envelope contains yet more related notes, expounding further on German radio security (Funkabwehr), as well as French Special Services, Yugoslavia SOE. and the Enigma machine. Assortment of manuscript jottings which appear to contain details deciphered by intelligence, dated and occasionally cryptic, for example, \"Intelligence from TR - Col. Barils 2nd B ... setting up of largest Abwehr network in North Africa ... \" Notes on the capture of British radio operators, the fate of other colleagues, and notable events from 1940-1942, also some wireless radio specs.","Annotated typed drafts of articles written by Hawker headed \"Radio Amateurs and World War II\" and \"Clandestine Radio in World War II\" together with manuscript notes mainly dealing with Polish intelligence.","Newspaper clippings, a list of headlines in 'The Times' in 1944, manuscript lecture notes, excerpts from published works, information obtained from three visits to the Imperial War Museum Reference Library, a photocopy of a 1950 issue of the 'Mercury' journal of the Royal Signals Amateur Radio Society, the March 1983 issue of \"Amateur Radio\" Magazine featuring a 12 page article by Hawker titled ''The Secrets of Wartime Radio.\"","Manuscript transcripts of 1980s BBC documentary films \"The Hunger Winter\" which describes the Dutch famine of 1944, \"All the King's Men\" revealing the SOE's Greatest Wartime Disaster, and Part II of 'The Profession of Intelligence\" by historian Dr. Christopher Andrew.","A group of seven copies of his lectures and illustrated publications headed 'Clandestine Radio', most being the same or similar in content, as well as two other articles in the same format.","A grouping of four letters being correspondence between Hawker and V-2 rocket expert R. V . Jones pertaining to the Germans using the Eiffel Tower to send television transmissions during the war. These include three signed letters from Jones, a copy of Hawker's signed manuscript reply letter. Excerpt from Hawker's letter: \": Yes, I can confirm at third hand that there were 44 1-line television transmissions on about 45MHz from the Eiffel Tower from January 1943 until August 16, 1944 intended for German forces in hospitals and soldiers' clubs etc, and that these transmissions were monitored at Beachy Head.\" There is also an additional letter, perhaps by Hawker, on the subject of A.D. Blumlein.","Two folders devoted mainly to correspondence with Geoffrey Pigeon, containing several signed letters and just as many SCU newsletters which accompanied them. In 1942 Pigeon worked for Ml6 (Section VIII), was enlisted with the Royal Corps of Signals at Whaddon HaiL and later authored ''The Secret Wireless War\" for which he is famed.","Further war related notes, hand trimmed and pasted into 3 small cardstock booklets, autobiographical and instructional in nature (for field radio agents}, also containing names of colleagues and types of radio equipment.","Two folders featuring Hawker's personal wartime accounts Including an autobiographical sketch which includes his important service with SCU9, a description of his arrival in Paris , an insider's perspective of the Ml6 and MI5, further filled with manuscript notes on Russian Clandestine Radio, a calendar of events relating to Czechoslovakia from 1939 to 1942, exposes on sabotages and secret Allied-German collaboration, resistance in Holland, and a timeline history of the Government Code and Cipher School (GC\u0026CS}.","A substantial collection of copied printed material on the German two-way radio system, replete with diagrams and illustration, featuring a German manual for equipment used by their military intelligence division, titled \"Funkgerate des Militarischen Nachrichtendienstes \" and an account on short waves titled \"Die Funkpeilung der Kurzen Wellen.\" Also with information in German dealing with the R-350 and R-350M Russian spy radio sets developed in the former USS R in the mid 1950s, this lot of papers facilitates a technical study of various instruments such as suitcase radios. their mechanical design, specific components, application and efficiency. Together with a letter from a friend enquiring about Eastern Bloc B2 spyset radios.","There are no restrictions on personal use. Permission to publish material from the John Patrick Hawker papers must be obtained from Special Collections and Archives, George Mason University Libraries.","Substantial document archive of significant intelligence content, written and compiled by John Patrick Hawker, British SOE (Special Operations Executive), pertaining to British intelligence, cryptography and clandestine radio in the Second World War.","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Hawker, John Patrick","English\n."],"collection_title_tesim":["John Patrick Hawker papers, 1942/2009"],"collection_ssim":["John Patrick Hawker papers, 1942/2009"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0275","/repositories/2/resources/402"],"unitid_tesim":["C0275","/repositories/2/resources/402"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"creator_ssm":["Hawker, John Patrick"],"creator_ssim":["Hawker, John Patrick"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Hawker, John Patrick"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"creators_ssim":["Hawker, John Patrick","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no restrictions on personal use. Permission to publish material from the John Patrick Hawker papers must be obtained from Special Collections and Archives, George Mason University Libraries."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Purchased from Voyager Press Rare Books and Manuscripts in July 2015."],"access_subjects_ssim":["World War, 1939-1945","Military intelligence -- Great Britain","Military intelligence -- Germany"],"access_subjects_ssm":["World War, 1939-1945","Military intelligence -- Great Britain","Military intelligence -- Germany"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1.75 Linear Feet (3 boxes)","(3 boxes)"],"extent_tesim":["1.75 Linear Feet (3 boxes)","(3 boxes)"],"date_range_isim":[1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOrganized by subject and date.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Organized by subject and date."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJohn Patrick Hawker MBE (1922-2013), G3VA, popularly known as Pat Hawker, was a professional and amateur radio engineer, who during the Second World War was actively engaged in British Intelligence services, and Is associated with the Bletchley Park code-breaking centre, working with clandestine radio to support resistance units. Hawker was involved in many aspects of radio, beginning in World War II as a member of the Radio Security Service (RSS) and its connections to British Security Service Military Intelligence Ml5 and the Secret Intelligence Service Ml6. In 1941 at the young age of 19 he started at Bletchley Park as an intercept operator. The bay he worked in contained two HRO receivers, each operator being given a specific list of signals to listen for. In April 1943 he was transferred to Section VIII unit, and served at Weald Station as a two-way radio operator, under Morse code expert Captain Robert Henry \"Harry\" Tricker. In 1944 Pat joined unit SCU9 and was sent Into war zones where covert communications were required . After the D-Day Allied invasion of Europe in June, with the small mobile unit headed to Normandy under the direction of Tricker who was now a Major, Pat went to Normandy, where he remained until August. He subsequently travelled to Paris, Brussels, Eindhoven, etc. and into Germany, with the same British intelligence services unit, mainly to report German troop movements and to connect 21st Army Group with Secret Intelligence Service field agents and SUSSEX intelligence teams.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAt the end of October 1944 he was assigned as a personal operator for an Intelligence officer heading for Nijmegen (Nimeguen) in the Netherlands, and was provided with a double transposition poem cipher (LMT cipher) , which was unprecedented in the Ml6 as radio operating and ciphering were usually separate. [Double transposition was generall y regarded as the most complicated cipher that an agent could operate reliably under difficult field conditions]. At Nijmegen he became involved with the IS9 which was another 'private army' and which organized escape and evasion of Allied troops and breakaways. For a brief time in 1945 he worked with Holland's Bureau of National Security. At the Abbe Museum in Eindhoven, which served as British Intelligence headquarters, he worked for the remainder of the war as chief operator in a Dutch network for cipher de-coding, he being the only English speaking person there. At war's end in Europe, Pat rejoined SCU9 in the British Zone of Germany, sending six months in Rhineland and gaining much insight into the complexities of the utmost secret intelligence operations. After the war Hawker was regarded as an authority on clandestine radio. He became a key figure in British radio and television, and was Vice President of the Radio Society of Great Britain (RSGB) . The Bletchley Park 'Summary of Service' lists John Patrick Hawker with the British Army Royal Signals, working at Hanslope Park and Whaddon Hall in the years 1941-1946, the centres for disseminating Bletchley Park's intelligence reports, situated near Bletchley.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["John Patrick Hawker MBE (1922-2013), G3VA, popularly known as Pat Hawker, was a professional and amateur radio engineer, who during the Second World War was actively engaged in British Intelligence services, and Is associated with the Bletchley Park code-breaking centre, working with clandestine radio to support resistance units. Hawker was involved in many aspects of radio, beginning in World War II as a member of the Radio Security Service (RSS) and its connections to British Security Service Military Intelligence Ml5 and the Secret Intelligence Service Ml6. In 1941 at the young age of 19 he started at Bletchley Park as an intercept operator. The bay he worked in contained two HRO receivers, each operator being given a specific list of signals to listen for. In April 1943 he was transferred to Section VIII unit, and served at Weald Station as a two-way radio operator, under Morse code expert Captain Robert Henry \"Harry\" Tricker. In 1944 Pat joined unit SCU9 and was sent Into war zones where covert communications were required . After the D-Day Allied invasion of Europe in June, with the small mobile unit headed to Normandy under the direction of Tricker who was now a Major, Pat went to Normandy, where he remained until August. He subsequently travelled to Paris, Brussels, Eindhoven, etc. and into Germany, with the same British intelligence services unit, mainly to report German troop movements and to connect 21st Army Group with Secret Intelligence Service field agents and SUSSEX intelligence teams.","At the end of October 1944 he was assigned as a personal operator for an Intelligence officer heading for Nijmegen (Nimeguen) in the Netherlands, and was provided with a double transposition poem cipher (LMT cipher) , which was unprecedented in the Ml6 as radio operating and ciphering were usually separate. [Double transposition was generall y regarded as the most complicated cipher that an agent could operate reliably under difficult field conditions]. At Nijmegen he became involved with the IS9 which was another 'private army' and which organized escape and evasion of Allied troops and breakaways. For a brief time in 1945 he worked with Holland's Bureau of National Security. At the Abbe Museum in Eindhoven, which served as British Intelligence headquarters, he worked for the remainder of the war as chief operator in a Dutch network for cipher de-coding, he being the only English speaking person there. At war's end in Europe, Pat rejoined SCU9 in the British Zone of Germany, sending six months in Rhineland and gaining much insight into the complexities of the utmost secret intelligence operations. After the war Hawker was regarded as an authority on clandestine radio. He became a key figure in British radio and television, and was Vice President of the Radio Society of Great Britain (RSGB) . The Bletchley Park 'Summary of Service' lists John Patrick Hawker with the British Army Royal Signals, working at Hanslope Park and Whaddon Hall in the years 1941-1946, the centres for disseminating Bletchley Park's intelligence reports, situated near Bletchley."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJohn Patrick Hawker papers, #C0275, Special Collections and Archives, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["John Patrick Hawker papers, #C0275, Special Collections and Archives, George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is unprocessed. Description of collection abstracted from vendor catalog. EAD markup completed by Jordan Patty in August 2015.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Collection is unprocessed. Description of collection abstracted from vendor catalog. EAD markup completed by Jordan Patty in August 2015."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSpecial Collections and Archives also holds an extensive collection of rare books on military intelligence.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Special Collections and Archives also holds an extensive collection of rare books on military intelligence."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSubstantial document archive of significant intelligence content, written and compiled by John Patrick Hawker, British SOE (Special Operations Executive), pertaining to British intelligence, cryptography and clandestine radio in the Second World War. A veritable cornucopia of information in the form of Hawker's personal notes, mainly in manuscript and including a wartime diary kept by him while at Bletchley. Includes later research, interviews, articles, a few letters, and such starting about the time that Bletchley Park's secret operations were made known to the public in the 1970s. The lot concentrating on World War II military intelligence, the devices which served to decipher and transmit confidential data, the organizations and notable individuals dutifully engaged in clandestine communication operations. Together with his biography, written by Steve White in 2008, titled \"A Bit of Controversy: Pat Hawker- A Radio Life.\"\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eThe manuscript journal was penned from 6 March to 19 June 1944, while at SIS Tattenhoe Camp in Far Bletchley, part of the Bletchley Park network, (a Secret Army Camp at the junction of Whaddon Way and Buckingham Road). Pat Hawker, then 22 years of age, inquisitive, ambitious, and exceptionally proficient in radio communications, describes his wartime experience with the covert establishments of British Intelligence divisions, mainly interaction with Bletchley colleagues, descriptions of the NAAFI, recreational excursions, entertainment, as well as his thoughts on the war as it unfolds. With only cryptic references such as \"Hut E\" of which he names his colleagues, remembering his time at 'H' [Hanslope Park], and working 'night shifts', he is mindful not to record specifics about his training, duties, or achievements, nor anything of the clandestine operations, though some commentary reveals the temptation to do. At the end of the volume a single page consists of a calendar of field assignments made with SCU9 unit to connect the Army with British intelligence agents during the final stages of the war. He travelled from London to Leigh-on-Sea, then Saint-Gabriei-Brécy and Paris, to Brussels then Eindhoven and Helmond in Holland, circling to and fro between these places and others, penetrating Germany in the North Rhine-Westphalia district and arriving at Süchteln approximately the 21st of May 1944, subsequently making his way to Bad Salzuflen, Bad Godesberg [the first major German city to be transferred to Allied forces control without a battle], and the district of Uedorf in the city of Bornheim (near Bonn). Together with a small photograph of 8 men in military uniform, loosely placed inside the volume. 118 pages.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eExcerpts from Hawker's wartime diary:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 6th 1944 - Tattenhoe. \"... the next few weeks will see for me and for millions like me - the ending of an era. The shadow has been cast - only the events themselves remain as yet unrevealed...\"\"l am a Lance Corporal in the Royal Corps of Signals engaged on wireless duties ... I, and some of my friends, will most probably be in on the 'Second Front' ... A party of twenty... My guess would be for April 5th. On that date I shall be twenty-two ... To be quite frank I do not particularly want this type of adventure... The Jack of civilized amenities... We may see things in other lands that will make us wonder how we ever tolerated life in dull Bletchley Bucks.\" \"... Tattenhoe Camp. I am writing this in my cubicle E7 ...this chronicle is not only a diary of events but of thoughts and ideas I do not feel bound to keep to the confines of time.\" \"Bletchley is a town of one street... leading up to the Park - that is at the Eight Bells - it wanders on under the railway bridge - past the Chi/tern Library past the dingy snack cafe, the many poor little shops to the Garden Cafe and the Studio Cinema and then meanders into Fenny Stratford... it is peopled by the strange mixture that work at the Park. The wrens, waafs and ats and most superior civil servants and dashing naval officers and slovenly army officers and occasional Americans... Unlike the other small towns in Bucks it cannot retain its own features. It seems to have been swamped by the invading army... All the local inhabitants have a timid frightened look in their eye as though wondering by what grace of God or Mr Griffin the Billeting Officer they are still allowed to retain part of their homes...\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e15 March 1944. \"Russian Events\" \"In Russia an important offensive on the whole of the Southern Front appears to be under way with an immediate objective in the port \u0026amp; base of Nikolaev [Mykolaiv] 20 miles from advancing Russians... With the crossing of this river, Odessa would be directly threatened and a general invasion of Bessarabia possible. Peace convoys from Russia are rumoured to be active in Istanbul following the Finnish-Soviet talks... apparently made little headway... further advance by the Red Army will almost certainly bring about peace talks...\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e22 March 1944. \"World at War [Htl..] has occupied the territory of his ally - Hungary... The seizure has been in Grand style. Regent Horthy the fleetless Admiral was summoned to meet [Htl..] and detained. Troops poured into Budapest at dawn... Spasmodic raids on London continue... In America, pre-Presidential elections activities are already clouding the picture...\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Here a list of personnel in 'Hut E' interjects the chronicle of daily events.]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e25 March 1944. \"News from H [Hanslope Park].\" \"... the greatest surprise of the week... Bill Bernard... informed us that he had come to stay and gave us remarkable news of the old unit. This is no place for any discussion of the position there but many of my closest friends in that unit have suddenly been moved due to their 'suppressive' activities. Also caught in the storm were a number of the officers blamed for having allowed discontent to arise. For a long time my friends have been pressing for improved conditions in that camp...\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e31 March 1944. \"The Russian advance continues. Nikolaev has fallen and the Red Army is racing towards Odessa... are within a few miles of Hungary \u0026amp; Czechoslovakia. The German retreat is becoming disordered and reports of disintegration are... [On March 28, 1944 the city was liberated from German control, in part because of Soviet Senior Lieutenant Konstantin F. Olshansky's paratroopers and their daring raid, during which the majority of his troops were killed]\" .... 'The Air Ministry has announced that we have a new fighter. The make and its name are 'official secrets'. But several weeks ago an American magazine article stated that the new Hawker 'Tempest' was being used by the RAF!\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e3 April 1944. \"Cycled to Newport Pagnell... Met several of the old crowd Wilt Allen, Dick Draper, Alf Taylor. Heard of several new moves, Jim Roghly to N.W. area, Fred Graham, Wilt Elmore to B ...it is now a place of haunting memories of people whom I have known but now seldom see. The old original fellows who went to H in 1941 - Des Downing, Matt Smith, Les Gorley, Stan Thomas, Peter Camello, Bill Windle, Bill Robertson, Bill Hutchford, Smudger Smith, Gilbert Moss, and many others. What talk did that dimly lit room hear... We were bound together by necessity. The only place in the neighbourhood where food was to be bought. In the days before WVS Canteens [Women's Voluntary Service] ...\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e21 April 1944. 'The period covered by these notes has already been far greater than I had originally anticipated. How much longer before the balloon goes up? I believe that early May will witness the opening of the offensive... the Government withdrew all diplomatic privileges from its representatives of foreign powers - excluding only Russia \u0026amp; the U.S.A... No couriers can enter or leave the country, no coded telegrams... Heavy raids continue... Details of the Navy's use of 'human torpedoes' as long ago as Jan 1943 have just been released... yet another suicide job. Their only hope lies in being taken prisoner, as occurred in the Palmero raid... workers are feeling the strain of 4 1/2 years of ever increasing work and many are ready to strike... Leave in the Army is still suspended.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e5 May 1944. 'Tonight at the NAAFI 'X' and I learned that E's posting has come through. She is leaving Wednesday. I am not at all sure that these notes are the right place to discuss the 'E' affairs...\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e13 May 1944. \"... cycle ride to Aylesbury... the opening of 'Salute the Soldier Week'... strange influence of visitors... Glider Pilot Regiment, Crippled Dutch Sailor, Yanks, Polish Air Cadets, woofs from the West Indies, Pilots form Australia, New Zealand and Ceylon, Nursing Auxiliaries, and the Services from all over England Scotland \u0026amp; Wales - all rubbing shoulders with the good people of Bucks...\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e8 June 1944. 'The long drawn out overture has ended. The curtain has gone up. Two days ago, June 6th... Allied command had issued a statement that a new bombing phase had begun... warning the people of occupied Europe... German naval forces were in contact with Allied landing craft. So came D Day... At 9.30 came the official communqiue No. 1 from SHEAEF and statement from Eisenhower... the first reaction was of relief that at last the period of waiting was over. How that period affected us, has, I hope, been shown in these notes... I set out to record pre-invasion England. That England no longer exists... So it is with all major changes in the world... the beginning of a chain of events that slowly encompass us all... Everyone of them whether they cross the channel or stay here in Bletchley.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e3 June 1944. 'The preparations as they affect our unit are as complete now as they are ever likely to be. We live then on short notice. /left Bletchley on the 8-1 5 train May 22 \u0026amp; returned by the 5-45 pm on May 24th. I had been home... for a few hours one leads a private life... For those hours one becomes Mr. So and So - Private Citizens. Back in Bletchley I entered an altered existence. For the first time for two \u0026amp; a half years I stopped working on shifts and became a 9 till 5 worker. An immediate result being my time for odd jobs such as writing journals seemed to disappear.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e19 June 1944. \"A few hundred miles to the south fierce fighting... The Americans have succeeded in reaching the West Coast of the Cherbourg peninsula... all reports indicate that - at least in Normandy - the behaviour of the German troops has been 'correct'... they have been accepted by the younger section of the population... the Germans have been sending pilot-less aircraft against London... too early to say how effective this new weapon s likely to be... the layman us inclined to the view that they must be very expensive in man-hours for construction and therefore the attack may dwindle... technical detailed are awaited with keen interest. 01\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEpilogue, written at Minehead, Somerset, 2 July 1944: We left Bletchley 23rd June. We heard of our departure on the 19th - just after writing general notes of the previous pages... most of us went off feeling as though we were going to war - and a few hours later were settling in comfort at St. A Here there is a short memory of events after the last recordings... How am I to round off this diary? I feel that it must stand or fall on what has already been written. It is an account of someone in search of entertainment \u0026amp; a little enlightenment in a country that has been at war for too long. Frankly I have enjoyed these months despite their artificiality. And yet at the same time I have hated them. The war has always been in the background nagging at us... We had a job to do and we did it as well as we were able until the middle of May. We were asked to join a unit that offered little but discomfort... I hate discomfort. I am afraid of danger. I think war is unnecessary and the greatest of man's inhumanity towards man. But I want to see things f or myself. I can only hope that I will always believe in intellect rather than instrument and force.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFive volumes containing a profusion of succinct manuscript short notes penned by Hawker years after the war, dealing with all aspects of intelligence operatives executed not only by the British but others, such as Das Englandspiel (\"The England Game\"), also called Unternehmen Nordpol (Operation North Pole), launched by the German intelligence agency 'Abwehr.' Over and above his \"tech notes\" and pivotal events in the history of Morse code and ciphering, we find the names and roles of numerous intelligence personnel and colleagues, some by this time deceased, including some important figures from Bletchley Park such as Alan Turing (cryptologist, designer of the bomber, 'father of artificial intelligence'), V-2 rocket expert Reginald Victor Jones, and head of SIS (MI6) Sir Richard Gambier-Parry. Also named are Dutch SOE intelligence agents, notable BBC and Radio Londres announcers with pseudonyms and true identities, French Secret Intelligence officers, key Army and Navy leaders relating to clandestine communications, etc. The abundant volumes of data culminate into what appears to be an unpublished work by Hawker titled, \"War in The (A) Ether. Europe 1939-45: Radio Countermeasures in Bomber Command. An Historical Note.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"A Bit of Controversy: Pat Hawker- A Radio Life.\" by Steve White on John Patrick Hawker and a seven page article on Hawker from an unknown source.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Not To Be Published - Reception Sets R.107. General Description and Working Instructions.\" A classified manual issued by British military circa 1942, with 40 pages of text, 10 fold-out plates to illustrate circuit diagrams, components, etc.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBletchley Park News Bulletin, Issue No. 25, March 2002, which highlights an internal breach which resulted in the theft, and subsequent return, of a rare Abwehr Enigma machine. Together with other printed reports on the same incident, and a letter dated 1987 introducing Pat Hawker to a book titled, 'The Unknown War: North China 1937-1945\" by Beijing university professor Michael Lindsay, being his heroic account of constructing a transmitter sufficient to communicate with San Francisco the state of affairs in Communist China, especially with the Yenan Regime. The lot housed in a postmarked envelope addressed to Hawker.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFurther miscellaneous papers including a chart of events, correspondence, book reviews, a map of the Milton Keynes area showing Weald Station, and several notes on British and German intelligence, the lot of a similar nature to the above groupings of data.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAn unpublished work titled \"Broadband Communications Link: An Introductory Survey\" by Hawker. 52 pages.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Cryptography Colossus\" in two folders containing numerous articles such as 'Cracking the Ciphers,' 'The Colossus of Bletchley Park,' 'Electronic Cryptography', 'Breaking the Enemy's Code,' 'Enigma,' 'The M209 cipher machine,' 'Privacy and Authentication: An Introduction To Cryptography,' 'Colossus: godfather of the computer,\" 'The Early Models of the Siemens and Halske T52 Cipher Machine,\" and others.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTyped synopsis by Hawker titled \"Clandestine Radio Links of the Second World War (Western Europe)\" 6 pages, accompanied by several pages of related manuscript notes, subjects such as Abwehr Afu equipment, intercept stations for Enigma, certain Bletchley Park personneL and more, contained in an envelope sent from Robert \"Bob\" Hawes of Tottenham in London - WWII pacifist and objector, author of several books on vintage wireless.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA second envelope contains yet more related notes, expounding further on German radio security (Funkabwehr), as well as French Special Services, Yugoslavia SOE. and the Enigma machine. Assortment of manuscript jottings which appear to contain details deciphered by intelligence, dated and occasionally cryptic, for example, \"Intelligence from TR - Col. Barils 2nd B ... setting up of largest Abwehr network in North Africa ... \" Notes on the capture of British radio operators, the fate of other colleagues, and notable events from 1940-1942, also some wireless radio specs.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAnnotated typed drafts of articles written by Hawker headed \"Radio Amateurs and World War II\" and \"Clandestine Radio in World War II\" together with manuscript notes mainly dealing with Polish intelligence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNewspaper clippings, a list of headlines in 'The Times' in 1944, manuscript lecture notes, excerpts from published works, information obtained from three visits to the Imperial War Museum Reference Library, a photocopy of a 1950 issue of the 'Mercury' journal of the Royal Signals Amateur Radio Society, the March 1983 issue of \"Amateur Radio\" Magazine featuring a 12 page article by Hawker titled ''The Secrets of Wartime Radio.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eManuscript transcripts of 1980s BBC documentary films \"The Hunger Winter\" which describes the Dutch famine of 1944, \"All the King's Men\" revealing the SOE's Greatest Wartime Disaster, and Part II of 'The Profession of Intelligence\" by historian Dr. Christopher Andrew.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA group of seven copies of his lectures and illustrated publications headed 'Clandestine Radio', most being the same or similar in content, as well as two other articles in the same format.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA grouping of four letters being correspondence between Hawker and V-2 rocket expert R. V . Jones pertaining to the Germans using the Eiffel Tower to send television transmissions during the war. These include three signed letters from Jones, a copy of Hawker's signed manuscript reply letter. Excerpt from Hawker's letter: \": Yes, I can confirm at third hand that there were 44 1-line television transmissions on about 45MHz from the Eiffel Tower from January 1943 until August 16, 1944 intended for German forces in hospitals and soldiers' clubs etc, and that these transmissions were monitored at Beachy Head.\" There is also an additional letter, perhaps by Hawker, on the subject of A.D. Blumlein.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwo folders devoted mainly to correspondence with Geoffrey Pigeon, containing several signed letters and just as many SCU newsletters which accompanied them. In 1942 Pigeon worked for Ml6 (Section VIII), was enlisted with the Royal Corps of Signals at Whaddon HaiL and later authored ''The Secret Wireless War\" for which he is famed.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFurther war related notes, hand trimmed and pasted into 3 small cardstock booklets, autobiographical and instructional in nature (for field radio agents}, also containing names of colleagues and types of radio equipment.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwo folders featuring Hawker's personal wartime accounts Including an autobiographical sketch which includes his important service with SCU9, a description of his arrival in Paris , an insider's perspective of the Ml6 and MI5, further filled with manuscript notes on Russian Clandestine Radio, a calendar of events relating to Czechoslovakia from 1939 to 1942, exposes on sabotages and secret Allied-German collaboration, resistance in Holland, and a timeline history of the Government Code and Cipher School (GC\u0026amp;CS}.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA substantial collection of copied printed material on the German two-way radio system, replete with diagrams and illustration, featuring a German manual for equipment used by their military intelligence division, titled \"Funkgerate des Militarischen Nachrichtendienstes \" and an account on short waves titled \"Die Funkpeilung der Kurzen Wellen.\" Also with information in German dealing with the R-350 and R-350M Russian spy radio sets developed in the former USS R in the mid 1950s, this lot of papers facilitates a technical study of various instruments such as suitcase radios. their mechanical design, specific components, application and efficiency. Together with a letter from a friend enquiring about Eastern Bloc B2 spyset radios.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Substantial document archive of significant intelligence content, written and compiled by John Patrick Hawker, British SOE (Special Operations Executive), pertaining to British intelligence, cryptography and clandestine radio in the Second World War. A veritable cornucopia of information in the form of Hawker's personal notes, mainly in manuscript and including a wartime diary kept by him while at Bletchley. Includes later research, interviews, articles, a few letters, and such starting about the time that Bletchley Park's secret operations were made known to the public in the 1970s. The lot concentrating on World War II military intelligence, the devices which served to decipher and transmit confidential data, the organizations and notable individuals dutifully engaged in clandestine communication operations. Together with his biography, written by Steve White in 2008, titled \"A Bit of Controversy: Pat Hawker- A Radio Life.\"","The manuscript journal was penned from 6 March to 19 June 1944, while at SIS Tattenhoe Camp in Far Bletchley, part of the Bletchley Park network, (a Secret Army Camp at the junction of Whaddon Way and Buckingham Road). Pat Hawker, then 22 years of age, inquisitive, ambitious, and exceptionally proficient in radio communications, describes his wartime experience with the covert establishments of British Intelligence divisions, mainly interaction with Bletchley colleagues, descriptions of the NAAFI, recreational excursions, entertainment, as well as his thoughts on the war as it unfolds. With only cryptic references such as \"Hut E\" of which he names his colleagues, remembering his time at 'H' [Hanslope Park], and working 'night shifts', he is mindful not to record specifics about his training, duties, or achievements, nor anything of the clandestine operations, though some commentary reveals the temptation to do. At the end of the volume a single page consists of a calendar of field assignments made with SCU9 unit to connect the Army with British intelligence agents during the final stages of the war. He travelled from London to Leigh-on-Sea, then Saint-Gabriei-Brécy and Paris, to Brussels then Eindhoven and Helmond in Holland, circling to and fro between these places and others, penetrating Germany in the North Rhine-Westphalia district and arriving at Süchteln approximately the 21st of May 1944, subsequently making his way to Bad Salzuflen, Bad Godesberg [the first major German city to be transferred to Allied forces control without a battle], and the district of Uedorf in the city of Bornheim (near Bonn). Together with a small photograph of 8 men in military uniform, loosely placed inside the volume. 118 pages.","Excerpts from Hawker's wartime diary:","March 6th 1944 - Tattenhoe. \"... the next few weeks will see for me and for millions like me - the ending of an era. The shadow has been cast - only the events themselves remain as yet unrevealed...\"\"l am a Lance Corporal in the Royal Corps of Signals engaged on wireless duties ... I, and some of my friends, will most probably be in on the 'Second Front' ... A party of twenty... My guess would be for April 5th. On that date I shall be twenty-two ... To be quite frank I do not particularly want this type of adventure... The Jack of civilized amenities... We may see things in other lands that will make us wonder how we ever tolerated life in dull Bletchley Bucks.\" \"... Tattenhoe Camp. I am writing this in my cubicle E7 ...this chronicle is not only a diary of events but of thoughts and ideas I do not feel bound to keep to the confines of time.\" \"Bletchley is a town of one street... leading up to the Park - that is at the Eight Bells - it wanders on under the railway bridge - past the Chi/tern Library past the dingy snack cafe, the many poor little shops to the Garden Cafe and the Studio Cinema and then meanders into Fenny Stratford... it is peopled by the strange mixture that work at the Park. The wrens, waafs and ats and most superior civil servants and dashing naval officers and slovenly army officers and occasional Americans... Unlike the other small towns in Bucks it cannot retain its own features. It seems to have been swamped by the invading army... All the local inhabitants have a timid frightened look in their eye as though wondering by what grace of God or Mr Griffin the Billeting Officer they are still allowed to retain part of their homes...\"","15 March 1944. \"Russian Events\" \"In Russia an important offensive on the whole of the Southern Front appears to be under way with an immediate objective in the port \u0026 base of Nikolaev [Mykolaiv] 20 miles from advancing Russians... With the crossing of this river, Odessa would be directly threatened and a general invasion of Bessarabia possible. Peace convoys from Russia are rumoured to be active in Istanbul following the Finnish-Soviet talks... apparently made little headway... further advance by the Red Army will almost certainly bring about peace talks...\"","22 March 1944. \"World at War [Htl..] has occupied the territory of his ally - Hungary... The seizure has been in Grand style. Regent Horthy the fleetless Admiral was summoned to meet [Htl..] and detained. Troops poured into Budapest at dawn... Spasmodic raids on London continue... In America, pre-Presidential elections activities are already clouding the picture...\"","[Here a list of personnel in 'Hut E' interjects the chronicle of daily events.]","25 March 1944. \"News from H [Hanslope Park].\" \"... the greatest surprise of the week... Bill Bernard... informed us that he had come to stay and gave us remarkable news of the old unit. This is no place for any discussion of the position there but many of my closest friends in that unit have suddenly been moved due to their 'suppressive' activities. Also caught in the storm were a number of the officers blamed for having allowed discontent to arise. For a long time my friends have been pressing for improved conditions in that camp...\"","31 March 1944. \"The Russian advance continues. Nikolaev has fallen and the Red Army is racing towards Odessa... are within a few miles of Hungary \u0026 Czechoslovakia. The German retreat is becoming disordered and reports of disintegration are... [On March 28, 1944 the city was liberated from German control, in part because of Soviet Senior Lieutenant Konstantin F. Olshansky's paratroopers and their daring raid, during which the majority of his troops were killed]\" .... 'The Air Ministry has announced that we have a new fighter. The make and its name are 'official secrets'. But several weeks ago an American magazine article stated that the new Hawker 'Tempest' was being used by the RAF!\"","3 April 1944. \"Cycled to Newport Pagnell... Met several of the old crowd Wilt Allen, Dick Draper, Alf Taylor. Heard of several new moves, Jim Roghly to N.W. area, Fred Graham, Wilt Elmore to B ...it is now a place of haunting memories of people whom I have known but now seldom see. The old original fellows who went to H in 1941 - Des Downing, Matt Smith, Les Gorley, Stan Thomas, Peter Camello, Bill Windle, Bill Robertson, Bill Hutchford, Smudger Smith, Gilbert Moss, and many others. What talk did that dimly lit room hear... We were bound together by necessity. The only place in the neighbourhood where food was to be bought. In the days before WVS Canteens [Women's Voluntary Service] ...\"","21 April 1944. 'The period covered by these notes has already been far greater than I had originally anticipated. How much longer before the balloon goes up? I believe that early May will witness the opening of the offensive... the Government withdrew all diplomatic privileges from its representatives of foreign powers - excluding only Russia \u0026 the U.S.A... No couriers can enter or leave the country, no coded telegrams... Heavy raids continue... Details of the Navy's use of 'human torpedoes' as long ago as Jan 1943 have just been released... yet another suicide job. Their only hope lies in being taken prisoner, as occurred in the Palmero raid... workers are feeling the strain of 4 1/2 years of ever increasing work and many are ready to strike... Leave in the Army is still suspended.","5 May 1944. 'Tonight at the NAAFI 'X' and I learned that E's posting has come through. She is leaving Wednesday. I am not at all sure that these notes are the right place to discuss the 'E' affairs...\"","13 May 1944. \"... cycle ride to Aylesbury... the opening of 'Salute the Soldier Week'... strange influence of visitors... Glider Pilot Regiment, Crippled Dutch Sailor, Yanks, Polish Air Cadets, woofs from the West Indies, Pilots form Australia, New Zealand and Ceylon, Nursing Auxiliaries, and the Services from all over England Scotland \u0026 Wales - all rubbing shoulders with the good people of Bucks...\"","8 June 1944. 'The long drawn out overture has ended. The curtain has gone up. Two days ago, June 6th... Allied command had issued a statement that a new bombing phase had begun... warning the people of occupied Europe... German naval forces were in contact with Allied landing craft. So came D Day... At 9.30 came the official communqiue No. 1 from SHEAEF and statement from Eisenhower... the first reaction was of relief that at last the period of waiting was over. How that period affected us, has, I hope, been shown in these notes... I set out to record pre-invasion England. That England no longer exists... So it is with all major changes in the world... the beginning of a chain of events that slowly encompass us all... Everyone of them whether they cross the channel or stay here in Bletchley.\"","3 June 1944. 'The preparations as they affect our unit are as complete now as they are ever likely to be. We live then on short notice. /left Bletchley on the 8-1 5 train May 22 \u0026 returned by the 5-45 pm on May 24th. I had been home... for a few hours one leads a private life... For those hours one becomes Mr. So and So - Private Citizens. Back in Bletchley I entered an altered existence. For the first time for two \u0026 a half years I stopped working on shifts and became a 9 till 5 worker. An immediate result being my time for odd jobs such as writing journals seemed to disappear.\"","19 June 1944. \"A few hundred miles to the south fierce fighting... The Americans have succeeded in reaching the West Coast of the Cherbourg peninsula... all reports indicate that - at least in Normandy - the behaviour of the German troops has been 'correct'... they have been accepted by the younger section of the population... the Germans have been sending pilot-less aircraft against London... too early to say how effective this new weapon s likely to be... the layman us inclined to the view that they must be very expensive in man-hours for construction and therefore the attack may dwindle... technical detailed are awaited with keen interest. 01","Epilogue, written at Minehead, Somerset, 2 July 1944: We left Bletchley 23rd June. We heard of our departure on the 19th - just after writing general notes of the previous pages... most of us went off feeling as though we were going to war - and a few hours later were settling in comfort at St. A Here there is a short memory of events after the last recordings... How am I to round off this diary? I feel that it must stand or fall on what has already been written. It is an account of someone in search of entertainment \u0026 a little enlightenment in a country that has been at war for too long. Frankly I have enjoyed these months despite their artificiality. And yet at the same time I have hated them. The war has always been in the background nagging at us... We had a job to do and we did it as well as we were able until the middle of May. We were asked to join a unit that offered little but discomfort... I hate discomfort. I am afraid of danger. I think war is unnecessary and the greatest of man's inhumanity towards man. But I want to see things f or myself. I can only hope that I will always believe in intellect rather than instrument and force.","Five volumes containing a profusion of succinct manuscript short notes penned by Hawker years after the war, dealing with all aspects of intelligence operatives executed not only by the British but others, such as Das Englandspiel (\"The England Game\"), also called Unternehmen Nordpol (Operation North Pole), launched by the German intelligence agency 'Abwehr.' Over and above his \"tech notes\" and pivotal events in the history of Morse code and ciphering, we find the names and roles of numerous intelligence personnel and colleagues, some by this time deceased, including some important figures from Bletchley Park such as Alan Turing (cryptologist, designer of the bomber, 'father of artificial intelligence'), V-2 rocket expert Reginald Victor Jones, and head of SIS (MI6) Sir Richard Gambier-Parry. Also named are Dutch SOE intelligence agents, notable BBC and Radio Londres announcers with pseudonyms and true identities, French Secret Intelligence officers, key Army and Navy leaders relating to clandestine communications, etc. The abundant volumes of data culminate into what appears to be an unpublished work by Hawker titled, \"War in The (A) Ether. Europe 1939-45: Radio Countermeasures in Bomber Command. An Historical Note.\"","\"A Bit of Controversy: Pat Hawker- A Radio Life.\" by Steve White on John Patrick Hawker and a seven page article on Hawker from an unknown source.","\"Not To Be Published - Reception Sets R.107. General Description and Working Instructions.\" A classified manual issued by British military circa 1942, with 40 pages of text, 10 fold-out plates to illustrate circuit diagrams, components, etc.","Bletchley Park News Bulletin, Issue No. 25, March 2002, which highlights an internal breach which resulted in the theft, and subsequent return, of a rare Abwehr Enigma machine. Together with other printed reports on the same incident, and a letter dated 1987 introducing Pat Hawker to a book titled, 'The Unknown War: North China 1937-1945\" by Beijing university professor Michael Lindsay, being his heroic account of constructing a transmitter sufficient to communicate with San Francisco the state of affairs in Communist China, especially with the Yenan Regime. The lot housed in a postmarked envelope addressed to Hawker.","Further miscellaneous papers including a chart of events, correspondence, book reviews, a map of the Milton Keynes area showing Weald Station, and several notes on British and German intelligence, the lot of a similar nature to the above groupings of data.","An unpublished work titled \"Broadband Communications Link: An Introductory Survey\" by Hawker. 52 pages.","\"Cryptography Colossus\" in two folders containing numerous articles such as 'Cracking the Ciphers,' 'The Colossus of Bletchley Park,' 'Electronic Cryptography', 'Breaking the Enemy's Code,' 'Enigma,' 'The M209 cipher machine,' 'Privacy and Authentication: An Introduction To Cryptography,' 'Colossus: godfather of the computer,\" 'The Early Models of the Siemens and Halske T52 Cipher Machine,\" and others.","Typed synopsis by Hawker titled \"Clandestine Radio Links of the Second World War (Western Europe)\" 6 pages, accompanied by several pages of related manuscript notes, subjects such as Abwehr Afu equipment, intercept stations for Enigma, certain Bletchley Park personneL and more, contained in an envelope sent from Robert \"Bob\" Hawes of Tottenham in London - WWII pacifist and objector, author of several books on vintage wireless.","A second envelope contains yet more related notes, expounding further on German radio security (Funkabwehr), as well as French Special Services, Yugoslavia SOE. and the Enigma machine. Assortment of manuscript jottings which appear to contain details deciphered by intelligence, dated and occasionally cryptic, for example, \"Intelligence from TR - Col. Barils 2nd B ... setting up of largest Abwehr network in North Africa ... \" Notes on the capture of British radio operators, the fate of other colleagues, and notable events from 1940-1942, also some wireless radio specs.","Annotated typed drafts of articles written by Hawker headed \"Radio Amateurs and World War II\" and \"Clandestine Radio in World War II\" together with manuscript notes mainly dealing with Polish intelligence.","Newspaper clippings, a list of headlines in 'The Times' in 1944, manuscript lecture notes, excerpts from published works, information obtained from three visits to the Imperial War Museum Reference Library, a photocopy of a 1950 issue of the 'Mercury' journal of the Royal Signals Amateur Radio Society, the March 1983 issue of \"Amateur Radio\" Magazine featuring a 12 page article by Hawker titled ''The Secrets of Wartime Radio.\"","Manuscript transcripts of 1980s BBC documentary films \"The Hunger Winter\" which describes the Dutch famine of 1944, \"All the King's Men\" revealing the SOE's Greatest Wartime Disaster, and Part II of 'The Profession of Intelligence\" by historian Dr. Christopher Andrew.","A group of seven copies of his lectures and illustrated publications headed 'Clandestine Radio', most being the same or similar in content, as well as two other articles in the same format.","A grouping of four letters being correspondence between Hawker and V-2 rocket expert R. V . Jones pertaining to the Germans using the Eiffel Tower to send television transmissions during the war. These include three signed letters from Jones, a copy of Hawker's signed manuscript reply letter. Excerpt from Hawker's letter: \": Yes, I can confirm at third hand that there were 44 1-line television transmissions on about 45MHz from the Eiffel Tower from January 1943 until August 16, 1944 intended for German forces in hospitals and soldiers' clubs etc, and that these transmissions were monitored at Beachy Head.\" There is also an additional letter, perhaps by Hawker, on the subject of A.D. Blumlein.","Two folders devoted mainly to correspondence with Geoffrey Pigeon, containing several signed letters and just as many SCU newsletters which accompanied them. In 1942 Pigeon worked for Ml6 (Section VIII), was enlisted with the Royal Corps of Signals at Whaddon HaiL and later authored ''The Secret Wireless War\" for which he is famed.","Further war related notes, hand trimmed and pasted into 3 small cardstock booklets, autobiographical and instructional in nature (for field radio agents}, also containing names of colleagues and types of radio equipment.","Two folders featuring Hawker's personal wartime accounts Including an autobiographical sketch which includes his important service with SCU9, a description of his arrival in Paris , an insider's perspective of the Ml6 and MI5, further filled with manuscript notes on Russian Clandestine Radio, a calendar of events relating to Czechoslovakia from 1939 to 1942, exposes on sabotages and secret Allied-German collaboration, resistance in Holland, and a timeline history of the Government Code and Cipher School (GC\u0026CS}.","A substantial collection of copied printed material on the German two-way radio system, replete with diagrams and illustration, featuring a German manual for equipment used by their military intelligence division, titled \"Funkgerate des Militarischen Nachrichtendienstes \" and an account on short waves titled \"Die Funkpeilung der Kurzen Wellen.\" Also with information in German dealing with the R-350 and R-350M Russian spy radio sets developed in the former USS R in the mid 1950s, this lot of papers facilitates a technical study of various instruments such as suitcase radios. their mechanical design, specific components, application and efficiency. Together with a letter from a friend enquiring about Eastern Bloc B2 spyset radios."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions on personal use. Permission to publish material from the John Patrick Hawker papers must be obtained from Special Collections and Archives, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions on personal use. Permission to publish material from the John Patrick Hawker papers must be obtained from Special Collections and Archives, George Mason University Libraries."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_681cdf717c2979fb10de042d338bedfc\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eSubstantial document archive of significant intelligence content, written and compiled by John Patrick Hawker, British SOE (Special Operations Executive), pertaining to British intelligence, cryptography and clandestine radio in the Second World War.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["Substantial document archive of significant intelligence content, written and compiled by John Patrick Hawker, British SOE (Special Operations Executive), pertaining to British intelligence, cryptography and clandestine radio in the Second World War."],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. 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