{"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=2003\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Virginia+Polytechnic+Institute+and+State+University.+College+of+Architecture+%281974-1978%29","last":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=2003\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Virginia+Polytechnic+Institute+and+State+University.+College+of+Architecture+%281974-1978%29\u0026page=1"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":1,"next_page":null,"prev_page":null,"total_pages":1,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":0,"total_count":2,"first_page?":true,"last_page?":true}},"data":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3177","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"George Grigg and John Carnochan Papers, 1969/2015","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3177#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Grigg, George C.","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3177#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"This collection includes documents related to the production and dissemination of George Grigg's and John Carnochan's computer-animated film, produced while students at Virginia Tech from 1969 through 1970 using FORTRAN.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3177#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3177","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3177","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3177","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3177","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_3177.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Grigg, George, and Carnochan, John, Papers","title_ssm":["George Grigg and John Carnochan Papers"],"title_tesim":["George Grigg and John Carnochan Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["circa 1960s-2015"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["circa 1960s-2015"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1969/2015"],"normalized_title_ssm":["George Grigg and John Carnochan Papers, 1969/2015"],"text":["George Grigg and John Carnochan Papers, 1969/2015","Ms.2017.006","Architecture -- Computer-aided design","FORTRAN (Computer program language)","Science and Technology","Students and alumni","University History","The collection is open for research. The 16mm film reels are not available for viewing, but the DVD of the restored film is available for viewing.","The collection is arranged according to the creator's original order and size.","From 1969 to 1971, George Grigg and John Carnochan made animated films using computer-drawn images, while students at Virginia Tech's College of Architecture and Urban Studies (CAUS) in the Inner College. The Inner College was a program for invited upper level architecture students in which the students got to choose their own area of interest for study under Professor Olivio Ferrari.","In 1969, Carnochan began sketching ideas for using a polygon on many scales for multiple potential uses, such as for housing. The polygon developed as an elaboration of the space surrounding a cube, which in turn enlarged into a a solid polyhedron with 26 faces. This conceptual polyhedron design was referred to by the Inner College students as \"The Element\".","Carnochan started with a cardboard model, held together with tape, that over time he manipulated to change its size and shape as well as dimensions. Additional models of different materials, including balsa wood and Plexiglass, were made and photographed. Grigg came up with the idea of creating a computer drawing, enabling a view inside the space.","Before transferring to VPI in 1967, Grigg majored in physics at a university in Ohio, where he learned FORTRAN programming. While at VPI, Grigg also took a computer graphics class and independent study with adjunct professor Waltner Messcher.","Using Virginia Tech's IBM 360 computer, the largest in Virginia at the time, Grigg programmed in FORTRAN using punch cards. Grigg and Carnochan filmed the drawings on a 16mm camera, shooting one frame at a time and moving the drawings one degree of rotation per frame. At 24 frames per second, the first film required approximately 1440 individual drawings. Actual filming required shooting one computer drawing at a time. They filmed at night in the basement of the High School Building, and a small lab in northern Virginia developed and edited the film. In the first movie, the module rolled forward rotating on all three axes, beginning far away and ending in the foreground exactly in the middle of the screen.","After viewing the first film, Professor Ferrari asked Grigg to teach students to program and draw as part of their design class. In order to program, the College received its own punch card machine.","George and John continued making computer movies. Later movies became more complex. The film \"Finite State Machines\" was the longest and most challenging. As part of exploring and researching the geometry, a whole family of more complex forms was computer animated demonstrating not only the deformation but the geometrical packing. The computer animation was making possible views that were simply not possible to achieve any other way. John had modified the original cardboard model by making the square faces open instead of solid. That led to the discovery that if the square faces were not solid, the model could collapse onto itself. The edges of the rectangles could be made to touch each other to form four prism \"legs\" extending from a solid tetrahedron in the center. If the proportions of the sides were 1: 1.41: 1, the triangles of the diagonally opposite corners would come together, forming a collapsed \"crown\" that could form a joint between two other non-collapsed modules.","In January 1969 George joined the Society of Amateur Cinematographers and he and John entered the movie in a computer film competition in Los Angeles. This was the first showing of the film outside of VPI. The film did not win a prize, but Grigg and Carnochan also learned about the Association for Computing Machinery and entered their 2nd Annual Computer and Music Exhibition in August 1969. (This exhibition has now become ACM Siggraph, the largest computer graphics exposition and conference held annually in California.) The movie was shown at the 1970 annual convention of the Virginia Society of Architects. It was also shown to several mathematics clubs at various Virginia state colleges and one in Kentucky. The same year the Inner College also built a large scale module out of aluminum angles to serve as the notice board for Tech Festival, an annual showcase for interested businesses and students to get acquainted with each other.","After graduating from Virginia Tech, Grigg taught in the Foundation Division of the College of Architecture for one year  and then went into the practice of architecture (with occasional detours into teaching). The majority of his architectural projects focused on healthcare facilities. He retired in 2010.","Carnochan pursued a film career, editing a number of documentaries, live action features and TV shows. He returned to animation during the renaissance at Disney, where he edited The Little Mermaid and Beauty and the Beast. Subsequently, he edited the computer-animated films Ice Age and Robots. He lives in Los Angeles and continues to work in the U.S. and internationally, primarily in animation.","An extended history and information about the film is in Box 1, Folder 1.","The guide to the George Grigg and John Carnochan Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/share-your- work/public-domain/cc0/).","The processing, arrangement, and description of the collection was completed in February 2017.","This collection includes documents related to the production and dissemination of George Grigg's and John Carnochan's computer-animated film, produced while students at Virginia Tech from 1969 through 1970 using FORTRAN. The papers also relate to a computer class Grigg taught after creating the film and include printed slides for a presentation about the film at VT for the 50th anniversary of the College of Architecture and Urban Studies (CAUS). There is a DVD and 16mm film reels of the animation, along with story boards, 3D models, photographs, correspondence, and more. The first folder of box 1 contains Grigg's and Carnochan's history of the film and description of the process.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","This collection includes documents related to the production and dissemination of George Grigg's and John Carnochan's computer-animated film, produced while students at Virginia Tech from 1969 through 1970 using FORTRAN.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. College of Architecture (1974-1978)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute (1944-1970)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (1970-)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute. College of Architecture","Grigg, George C.","Carnochan, John","The materials in the collection are in English."],"collection_title_tesim":["George Grigg and John Carnochan Papers, 1969/2015"],"collection_ssim":["George Grigg and John Carnochan Papers, 1969/2015"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.2017.006"],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.2017.006"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"creator_ssm":["Grigg, George C.","Carnochan, John"],"creator_ssim":["Grigg, George C.","Carnochan, John"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Grigg, George C.","Carnochan, John"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. College of Architecture (1974-1978)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute (1944-1970)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (1970-)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute. College of Architecture"],"creators_ssim":["Grigg, George C.","Carnochan, John","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. College of Architecture (1974-1978)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute (1944-1970)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (1970-)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute. College of Architecture"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The George Grigg and John Carnochan Papers were donated to Special Collections and University Archives in 2016."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Architecture -- Computer-aided design","FORTRAN (Computer program language)","Science and Technology","Students and alumni","University History"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Architecture -- Computer-aided design","FORTRAN (Computer program language)","Science and Technology","Students and alumni","University History"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["3.52 Cubic Feet 4 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["3.52 Cubic Feet 4 boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research. The 16mm film reels are not available for viewing, but the DVD of the restored film is available for viewing.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research. The 16mm film reels are not available for viewing, but the DVD of the restored film is available for viewing."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged according to the creator's original order and size.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged according to the creator's original order and size."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFrom 1969 to 1971, George Grigg and John Carnochan made animated films using computer-drawn images, while students at Virginia Tech's College of Architecture and Urban Studies (CAUS) in the Inner College. The Inner College was a program for invited upper level architecture students in which the students got to choose their own area of interest for study under Professor Olivio Ferrari. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1969, Carnochan began sketching ideas for using a polygon on many scales for multiple potential uses, such as for housing. The polygon developed as an elaboration of the space surrounding a cube, which in turn enlarged into a a solid polyhedron with 26 faces. This conceptual polyhedron design was referred to by the Inner College students as \"The Element\". \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCarnochan started with a cardboard model, held together with tape, that over time he manipulated to change its size and shape as well as dimensions. Additional models of different materials, including balsa wood and Plexiglass, were made and photographed. Grigg came up with the idea of creating a computer drawing, enabling a view inside the space.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBefore transferring to VPI in 1967, Grigg majored in physics at a university in Ohio, where he learned FORTRAN programming. While at VPI, Grigg also took a computer graphics class and independent study with adjunct professor Waltner Messcher.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eUsing Virginia Tech's IBM 360 computer, the largest in Virginia at the time, Grigg programmed in FORTRAN using punch cards. Grigg and Carnochan filmed the drawings on a 16mm camera, shooting one frame at a time and moving the drawings one degree of rotation per frame. At 24 frames per second, the first film required approximately 1440 individual drawings. Actual filming required shooting one computer drawing at a time. They filmed at night in the basement of the High School Building, and a small lab in northern Virginia developed and edited the film. In the first movie, the module rolled forward rotating on all three axes, beginning far away and ending in the foreground exactly in the middle of the screen. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAfter viewing the first film, Professor Ferrari asked Grigg to teach students to program and draw as part of their design class. In order to program, the College received its own punch card machine.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGeorge and John continued making computer movies. Later movies became more complex. The film \"Finite State Machines\" was the longest and most challenging. As part of exploring and researching the geometry, a whole family of more complex forms was computer animated demonstrating not only the deformation but the geometrical packing. The computer animation was making possible views that were simply not possible to achieve any other way. John had modified the original cardboard model by making the square faces open instead of solid. That led to the discovery that if the square faces were not solid, the model could collapse onto itself. The edges of the rectangles could be made to touch each other to form four prism \"legs\" extending from a solid tetrahedron in the center. If the proportions of the sides were 1: 1.41: 1, the triangles of the diagonally opposite corners would come together, forming a collapsed \"crown\" that could form a joint between two other non-collapsed modules.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn January 1969 George joined the Society of Amateur Cinematographers and he and John entered the movie in a computer film competition in Los Angeles. This was the first showing of the film outside of VPI. The film did not win a prize, but Grigg and Carnochan also learned about the Association for Computing Machinery and entered their 2nd Annual Computer and Music Exhibition in August 1969. (This exhibition has now become ACM Siggraph, the largest computer graphics exposition and conference held annually in California.) The movie was shown at the 1970 annual convention of the Virginia Society of Architects. It was also shown to several mathematics clubs at various Virginia state colleges and one in Kentucky. The same year the Inner College also built a large scale module out of aluminum angles to serve as the notice board for Tech Festival, an annual showcase for interested businesses and students to get acquainted with each other.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAfter graduating from Virginia Tech, Grigg taught in the Foundation Division of the College of Architecture for one year  and then went into the practice of architecture (with occasional detours into teaching). The majority of his architectural projects focused on healthcare facilities. He retired in 2010.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCarnochan pursued a film career, editing a number of documentaries, live action features and TV shows. He returned to animation during the renaissance at Disney, where he edited \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Little Mermaid\u003c/emph\u003e and \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eBeauty and the Beast\u003c/emph\u003e. Subsequently, he edited the computer-animated films \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eIce Age\u003c/emph\u003e and \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eRobots\u003c/emph\u003e. He lives in Los Angeles and continues to work in the U.S. and internationally, primarily in animation.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAn extended history and information about the film is in Box 1, Folder 1.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical and Historical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["From 1969 to 1971, George Grigg and John Carnochan made animated films using computer-drawn images, while students at Virginia Tech's College of Architecture and Urban Studies (CAUS) in the Inner College. The Inner College was a program for invited upper level architecture students in which the students got to choose their own area of interest for study under Professor Olivio Ferrari.","In 1969, Carnochan began sketching ideas for using a polygon on many scales for multiple potential uses, such as for housing. The polygon developed as an elaboration of the space surrounding a cube, which in turn enlarged into a a solid polyhedron with 26 faces. This conceptual polyhedron design was referred to by the Inner College students as \"The Element\".","Carnochan started with a cardboard model, held together with tape, that over time he manipulated to change its size and shape as well as dimensions. Additional models of different materials, including balsa wood and Plexiglass, were made and photographed. Grigg came up with the idea of creating a computer drawing, enabling a view inside the space.","Before transferring to VPI in 1967, Grigg majored in physics at a university in Ohio, where he learned FORTRAN programming. While at VPI, Grigg also took a computer graphics class and independent study with adjunct professor Waltner Messcher.","Using Virginia Tech's IBM 360 computer, the largest in Virginia at the time, Grigg programmed in FORTRAN using punch cards. Grigg and Carnochan filmed the drawings on a 16mm camera, shooting one frame at a time and moving the drawings one degree of rotation per frame. At 24 frames per second, the first film required approximately 1440 individual drawings. Actual filming required shooting one computer drawing at a time. They filmed at night in the basement of the High School Building, and a small lab in northern Virginia developed and edited the film. In the first movie, the module rolled forward rotating on all three axes, beginning far away and ending in the foreground exactly in the middle of the screen.","After viewing the first film, Professor Ferrari asked Grigg to teach students to program and draw as part of their design class. In order to program, the College received its own punch card machine.","George and John continued making computer movies. Later movies became more complex. The film \"Finite State Machines\" was the longest and most challenging. As part of exploring and researching the geometry, a whole family of more complex forms was computer animated demonstrating not only the deformation but the geometrical packing. The computer animation was making possible views that were simply not possible to achieve any other way. John had modified the original cardboard model by making the square faces open instead of solid. That led to the discovery that if the square faces were not solid, the model could collapse onto itself. The edges of the rectangles could be made to touch each other to form four prism \"legs\" extending from a solid tetrahedron in the center. If the proportions of the sides were 1: 1.41: 1, the triangles of the diagonally opposite corners would come together, forming a collapsed \"crown\" that could form a joint between two other non-collapsed modules.","In January 1969 George joined the Society of Amateur Cinematographers and he and John entered the movie in a computer film competition in Los Angeles. This was the first showing of the film outside of VPI. The film did not win a prize, but Grigg and Carnochan also learned about the Association for Computing Machinery and entered their 2nd Annual Computer and Music Exhibition in August 1969. (This exhibition has now become ACM Siggraph, the largest computer graphics exposition and conference held annually in California.) The movie was shown at the 1970 annual convention of the Virginia Society of Architects. It was also shown to several mathematics clubs at various Virginia state colleges and one in Kentucky. The same year the Inner College also built a large scale module out of aluminum angles to serve as the notice board for Tech Festival, an annual showcase for interested businesses and students to get acquainted with each other.","After graduating from Virginia Tech, Grigg taught in the Foundation Division of the College of Architecture for one year  and then went into the practice of architecture (with occasional detours into teaching). The majority of his architectural projects focused on healthcare facilities. He retired in 2010.","Carnochan pursued a film career, editing a number of documentaries, live action features and TV shows. He returned to animation during the renaissance at Disney, where he edited The Little Mermaid and Beauty and the Beast. Subsequently, he edited the computer-animated films Ice Age and Robots. He lives in Los Angeles and continues to work in the U.S. and internationally, primarily in animation.","An extended history and information about the film is in Box 1, Folder 1."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the George Grigg and John Carnochan Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-%20work/public-domain/cc0/\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your- work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the George Grigg and John Carnochan Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/share-your- work/public-domain/cc0/)."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], George Grigg and John Carnochan Papers, Ms2017-006, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], George Grigg and John Carnochan Papers, Ms2017-006, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the collection was completed in February 2017.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the collection was completed in February 2017."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection includes documents related to the production and dissemination of George Grigg's and John Carnochan's computer-animated film, produced while students at Virginia Tech from 1969 through 1970 using FORTRAN. The papers also relate to a computer class Grigg taught after creating the film and include printed slides for a presentation about the film at VT for the 50th anniversary of the College of Architecture and Urban Studies (CAUS). There is a DVD and 16mm film reels of the animation, along with story boards, 3D models, photographs, correspondence, and more. The first folder of box 1 contains Grigg's and Carnochan's history of the film and description of the process.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection includes documents related to the production and dissemination of George Grigg's and John Carnochan's computer-animated film, produced while students at Virginia Tech from 1969 through 1970 using FORTRAN. The papers also relate to a computer class Grigg taught after creating the film and include printed slides for a presentation about the film at VT for the 50th anniversary of the College of Architecture and Urban Studies (CAUS). There is a DVD and 16mm film reels of the animation, along with story boards, 3D models, photographs, correspondence, and more. The first folder of box 1 contains Grigg's and Carnochan's history of the film and description of the process."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (\u003ca href=\"mailto:specref@vt.edu\"\u003especref@vt.edu\u003c/a\u003e or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_e65a51b1c81edb76c35ce4d6b773036b\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThis collection includes documents related to the production and dissemination of George Grigg's and John Carnochan's computer-animated film, produced while students at Virginia Tech from 1969 through 1970 using FORTRAN.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["This collection includes documents related to the production and dissemination of George Grigg's and John Carnochan's computer-animated film, produced while students at Virginia Tech from 1969 through 1970 using FORTRAN."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. College of Architecture (1974-1978)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute (1944-1970)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (1970-)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute. College of Architecture"],"names_coll_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. College of Architecture (1974-1978)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute (1944-1970)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (1970-)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute. College of Architecture"],"persname_ssim":["Grigg, George C.","Carnochan, John"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. College of Architecture (1974-1978)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute (1944-1970)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (1970-)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute. College of Architecture","Grigg, George C.","Carnochan, John"],"language_ssim":["The materials in the collection are in English."],"total_component_count_is":38,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:31:39.599Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3177","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3177","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3177","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3177","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_3177.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Grigg, George, and Carnochan, John, Papers","title_ssm":["George Grigg and John Carnochan Papers"],"title_tesim":["George Grigg and John Carnochan Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["circa 1960s-2015"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["circa 1960s-2015"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1969/2015"],"normalized_title_ssm":["George Grigg and John Carnochan Papers, 1969/2015"],"text":["George Grigg and John Carnochan Papers, 1969/2015","Ms.2017.006","Architecture -- Computer-aided design","FORTRAN (Computer program language)","Science and Technology","Students and alumni","University History","The collection is open for research. The 16mm film reels are not available for viewing, but the DVD of the restored film is available for viewing.","The collection is arranged according to the creator's original order and size.","From 1969 to 1971, George Grigg and John Carnochan made animated films using computer-drawn images, while students at Virginia Tech's College of Architecture and Urban Studies (CAUS) in the Inner College. The Inner College was a program for invited upper level architecture students in which the students got to choose their own area of interest for study under Professor Olivio Ferrari.","In 1969, Carnochan began sketching ideas for using a polygon on many scales for multiple potential uses, such as for housing. The polygon developed as an elaboration of the space surrounding a cube, which in turn enlarged into a a solid polyhedron with 26 faces. This conceptual polyhedron design was referred to by the Inner College students as \"The Element\".","Carnochan started with a cardboard model, held together with tape, that over time he manipulated to change its size and shape as well as dimensions. Additional models of different materials, including balsa wood and Plexiglass, were made and photographed. Grigg came up with the idea of creating a computer drawing, enabling a view inside the space.","Before transferring to VPI in 1967, Grigg majored in physics at a university in Ohio, where he learned FORTRAN programming. While at VPI, Grigg also took a computer graphics class and independent study with adjunct professor Waltner Messcher.","Using Virginia Tech's IBM 360 computer, the largest in Virginia at the time, Grigg programmed in FORTRAN using punch cards. Grigg and Carnochan filmed the drawings on a 16mm camera, shooting one frame at a time and moving the drawings one degree of rotation per frame. At 24 frames per second, the first film required approximately 1440 individual drawings. Actual filming required shooting one computer drawing at a time. They filmed at night in the basement of the High School Building, and a small lab in northern Virginia developed and edited the film. In the first movie, the module rolled forward rotating on all three axes, beginning far away and ending in the foreground exactly in the middle of the screen.","After viewing the first film, Professor Ferrari asked Grigg to teach students to program and draw as part of their design class. In order to program, the College received its own punch card machine.","George and John continued making computer movies. Later movies became more complex. The film \"Finite State Machines\" was the longest and most challenging. As part of exploring and researching the geometry, a whole family of more complex forms was computer animated demonstrating not only the deformation but the geometrical packing. The computer animation was making possible views that were simply not possible to achieve any other way. John had modified the original cardboard model by making the square faces open instead of solid. That led to the discovery that if the square faces were not solid, the model could collapse onto itself. The edges of the rectangles could be made to touch each other to form four prism \"legs\" extending from a solid tetrahedron in the center. If the proportions of the sides were 1: 1.41: 1, the triangles of the diagonally opposite corners would come together, forming a collapsed \"crown\" that could form a joint between two other non-collapsed modules.","In January 1969 George joined the Society of Amateur Cinematographers and he and John entered the movie in a computer film competition in Los Angeles. This was the first showing of the film outside of VPI. The film did not win a prize, but Grigg and Carnochan also learned about the Association for Computing Machinery and entered their 2nd Annual Computer and Music Exhibition in August 1969. (This exhibition has now become ACM Siggraph, the largest computer graphics exposition and conference held annually in California.) The movie was shown at the 1970 annual convention of the Virginia Society of Architects. It was also shown to several mathematics clubs at various Virginia state colleges and one in Kentucky. The same year the Inner College also built a large scale module out of aluminum angles to serve as the notice board for Tech Festival, an annual showcase for interested businesses and students to get acquainted with each other.","After graduating from Virginia Tech, Grigg taught in the Foundation Division of the College of Architecture for one year  and then went into the practice of architecture (with occasional detours into teaching). The majority of his architectural projects focused on healthcare facilities. He retired in 2010.","Carnochan pursued a film career, editing a number of documentaries, live action features and TV shows. He returned to animation during the renaissance at Disney, where he edited The Little Mermaid and Beauty and the Beast. Subsequently, he edited the computer-animated films Ice Age and Robots. He lives in Los Angeles and continues to work in the U.S. and internationally, primarily in animation.","An extended history and information about the film is in Box 1, Folder 1.","The guide to the George Grigg and John Carnochan Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/share-your- work/public-domain/cc0/).","The processing, arrangement, and description of the collection was completed in February 2017.","This collection includes documents related to the production and dissemination of George Grigg's and John Carnochan's computer-animated film, produced while students at Virginia Tech from 1969 through 1970 using FORTRAN. The papers also relate to a computer class Grigg taught after creating the film and include printed slides for a presentation about the film at VT for the 50th anniversary of the College of Architecture and Urban Studies (CAUS). There is a DVD and 16mm film reels of the animation, along with story boards, 3D models, photographs, correspondence, and more. The first folder of box 1 contains Grigg's and Carnochan's history of the film and description of the process.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","This collection includes documents related to the production and dissemination of George Grigg's and John Carnochan's computer-animated film, produced while students at Virginia Tech from 1969 through 1970 using FORTRAN.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. College of Architecture (1974-1978)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute (1944-1970)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (1970-)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute. College of Architecture","Grigg, George C.","Carnochan, John","The materials in the collection are in English."],"collection_title_tesim":["George Grigg and John Carnochan Papers, 1969/2015"],"collection_ssim":["George Grigg and John Carnochan Papers, 1969/2015"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.2017.006"],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.2017.006"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"creator_ssm":["Grigg, George C.","Carnochan, John"],"creator_ssim":["Grigg, George C.","Carnochan, John"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Grigg, George C.","Carnochan, John"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. College of Architecture (1974-1978)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute (1944-1970)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (1970-)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute. College of Architecture"],"creators_ssim":["Grigg, George C.","Carnochan, John","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. College of Architecture (1974-1978)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute (1944-1970)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (1970-)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute. College of Architecture"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The George Grigg and John Carnochan Papers were donated to Special Collections and University Archives in 2016."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Architecture -- Computer-aided design","FORTRAN (Computer program language)","Science and Technology","Students and alumni","University History"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Architecture -- Computer-aided design","FORTRAN (Computer program language)","Science and Technology","Students and alumni","University History"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["3.52 Cubic Feet 4 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["3.52 Cubic Feet 4 boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research. The 16mm film reels are not available for viewing, but the DVD of the restored film is available for viewing.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research. The 16mm film reels are not available for viewing, but the DVD of the restored film is available for viewing."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged according to the creator's original order and size.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged according to the creator's original order and size."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFrom 1969 to 1971, George Grigg and John Carnochan made animated films using computer-drawn images, while students at Virginia Tech's College of Architecture and Urban Studies (CAUS) in the Inner College. The Inner College was a program for invited upper level architecture students in which the students got to choose their own area of interest for study under Professor Olivio Ferrari. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1969, Carnochan began sketching ideas for using a polygon on many scales for multiple potential uses, such as for housing. The polygon developed as an elaboration of the space surrounding a cube, which in turn enlarged into a a solid polyhedron with 26 faces. This conceptual polyhedron design was referred to by the Inner College students as \"The Element\". \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCarnochan started with a cardboard model, held together with tape, that over time he manipulated to change its size and shape as well as dimensions. Additional models of different materials, including balsa wood and Plexiglass, were made and photographed. Grigg came up with the idea of creating a computer drawing, enabling a view inside the space.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBefore transferring to VPI in 1967, Grigg majored in physics at a university in Ohio, where he learned FORTRAN programming. While at VPI, Grigg also took a computer graphics class and independent study with adjunct professor Waltner Messcher.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eUsing Virginia Tech's IBM 360 computer, the largest in Virginia at the time, Grigg programmed in FORTRAN using punch cards. Grigg and Carnochan filmed the drawings on a 16mm camera, shooting one frame at a time and moving the drawings one degree of rotation per frame. At 24 frames per second, the first film required approximately 1440 individual drawings. Actual filming required shooting one computer drawing at a time. They filmed at night in the basement of the High School Building, and a small lab in northern Virginia developed and edited the film. In the first movie, the module rolled forward rotating on all three axes, beginning far away and ending in the foreground exactly in the middle of the screen. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAfter viewing the first film, Professor Ferrari asked Grigg to teach students to program and draw as part of their design class. In order to program, the College received its own punch card machine.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGeorge and John continued making computer movies. Later movies became more complex. The film \"Finite State Machines\" was the longest and most challenging. As part of exploring and researching the geometry, a whole family of more complex forms was computer animated demonstrating not only the deformation but the geometrical packing. The computer animation was making possible views that were simply not possible to achieve any other way. John had modified the original cardboard model by making the square faces open instead of solid. That led to the discovery that if the square faces were not solid, the model could collapse onto itself. The edges of the rectangles could be made to touch each other to form four prism \"legs\" extending from a solid tetrahedron in the center. If the proportions of the sides were 1: 1.41: 1, the triangles of the diagonally opposite corners would come together, forming a collapsed \"crown\" that could form a joint between two other non-collapsed modules.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn January 1969 George joined the Society of Amateur Cinematographers and he and John entered the movie in a computer film competition in Los Angeles. This was the first showing of the film outside of VPI. The film did not win a prize, but Grigg and Carnochan also learned about the Association for Computing Machinery and entered their 2nd Annual Computer and Music Exhibition in August 1969. (This exhibition has now become ACM Siggraph, the largest computer graphics exposition and conference held annually in California.) The movie was shown at the 1970 annual convention of the Virginia Society of Architects. It was also shown to several mathematics clubs at various Virginia state colleges and one in Kentucky. The same year the Inner College also built a large scale module out of aluminum angles to serve as the notice board for Tech Festival, an annual showcase for interested businesses and students to get acquainted with each other.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAfter graduating from Virginia Tech, Grigg taught in the Foundation Division of the College of Architecture for one year  and then went into the practice of architecture (with occasional detours into teaching). The majority of his architectural projects focused on healthcare facilities. He retired in 2010.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCarnochan pursued a film career, editing a number of documentaries, live action features and TV shows. He returned to animation during the renaissance at Disney, where he edited \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Little Mermaid\u003c/emph\u003e and \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eBeauty and the Beast\u003c/emph\u003e. Subsequently, he edited the computer-animated films \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eIce Age\u003c/emph\u003e and \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eRobots\u003c/emph\u003e. He lives in Los Angeles and continues to work in the U.S. and internationally, primarily in animation.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAn extended history and information about the film is in Box 1, Folder 1.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical and Historical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["From 1969 to 1971, George Grigg and John Carnochan made animated films using computer-drawn images, while students at Virginia Tech's College of Architecture and Urban Studies (CAUS) in the Inner College. The Inner College was a program for invited upper level architecture students in which the students got to choose their own area of interest for study under Professor Olivio Ferrari.","In 1969, Carnochan began sketching ideas for using a polygon on many scales for multiple potential uses, such as for housing. The polygon developed as an elaboration of the space surrounding a cube, which in turn enlarged into a a solid polyhedron with 26 faces. This conceptual polyhedron design was referred to by the Inner College students as \"The Element\".","Carnochan started with a cardboard model, held together with tape, that over time he manipulated to change its size and shape as well as dimensions. Additional models of different materials, including balsa wood and Plexiglass, were made and photographed. Grigg came up with the idea of creating a computer drawing, enabling a view inside the space.","Before transferring to VPI in 1967, Grigg majored in physics at a university in Ohio, where he learned FORTRAN programming. While at VPI, Grigg also took a computer graphics class and independent study with adjunct professor Waltner Messcher.","Using Virginia Tech's IBM 360 computer, the largest in Virginia at the time, Grigg programmed in FORTRAN using punch cards. Grigg and Carnochan filmed the drawings on a 16mm camera, shooting one frame at a time and moving the drawings one degree of rotation per frame. At 24 frames per second, the first film required approximately 1440 individual drawings. Actual filming required shooting one computer drawing at a time. They filmed at night in the basement of the High School Building, and a small lab in northern Virginia developed and edited the film. In the first movie, the module rolled forward rotating on all three axes, beginning far away and ending in the foreground exactly in the middle of the screen.","After viewing the first film, Professor Ferrari asked Grigg to teach students to program and draw as part of their design class. In order to program, the College received its own punch card machine.","George and John continued making computer movies. Later movies became more complex. The film \"Finite State Machines\" was the longest and most challenging. As part of exploring and researching the geometry, a whole family of more complex forms was computer animated demonstrating not only the deformation but the geometrical packing. The computer animation was making possible views that were simply not possible to achieve any other way. John had modified the original cardboard model by making the square faces open instead of solid. That led to the discovery that if the square faces were not solid, the model could collapse onto itself. The edges of the rectangles could be made to touch each other to form four prism \"legs\" extending from a solid tetrahedron in the center. If the proportions of the sides were 1: 1.41: 1, the triangles of the diagonally opposite corners would come together, forming a collapsed \"crown\" that could form a joint between two other non-collapsed modules.","In January 1969 George joined the Society of Amateur Cinematographers and he and John entered the movie in a computer film competition in Los Angeles. This was the first showing of the film outside of VPI. The film did not win a prize, but Grigg and Carnochan also learned about the Association for Computing Machinery and entered their 2nd Annual Computer and Music Exhibition in August 1969. (This exhibition has now become ACM Siggraph, the largest computer graphics exposition and conference held annually in California.) The movie was shown at the 1970 annual convention of the Virginia Society of Architects. It was also shown to several mathematics clubs at various Virginia state colleges and one in Kentucky. The same year the Inner College also built a large scale module out of aluminum angles to serve as the notice board for Tech Festival, an annual showcase for interested businesses and students to get acquainted with each other.","After graduating from Virginia Tech, Grigg taught in the Foundation Division of the College of Architecture for one year  and then went into the practice of architecture (with occasional detours into teaching). The majority of his architectural projects focused on healthcare facilities. He retired in 2010.","Carnochan pursued a film career, editing a number of documentaries, live action features and TV shows. He returned to animation during the renaissance at Disney, where he edited The Little Mermaid and Beauty and the Beast. Subsequently, he edited the computer-animated films Ice Age and Robots. He lives in Los Angeles and continues to work in the U.S. and internationally, primarily in animation.","An extended history and information about the film is in Box 1, Folder 1."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the George Grigg and John Carnochan Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-%20work/public-domain/cc0/\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your- work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the George Grigg and John Carnochan Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/share-your- work/public-domain/cc0/)."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], George Grigg and John Carnochan Papers, Ms2017-006, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], George Grigg and John Carnochan Papers, Ms2017-006, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the collection was completed in February 2017.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the collection was completed in February 2017."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection includes documents related to the production and dissemination of George Grigg's and John Carnochan's computer-animated film, produced while students at Virginia Tech from 1969 through 1970 using FORTRAN. The papers also relate to a computer class Grigg taught after creating the film and include printed slides for a presentation about the film at VT for the 50th anniversary of the College of Architecture and Urban Studies (CAUS). There is a DVD and 16mm film reels of the animation, along with story boards, 3D models, photographs, correspondence, and more. The first folder of box 1 contains Grigg's and Carnochan's history of the film and description of the process.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection includes documents related to the production and dissemination of George Grigg's and John Carnochan's computer-animated film, produced while students at Virginia Tech from 1969 through 1970 using FORTRAN. The papers also relate to a computer class Grigg taught after creating the film and include printed slides for a presentation about the film at VT for the 50th anniversary of the College of Architecture and Urban Studies (CAUS). There is a DVD and 16mm film reels of the animation, along with story boards, 3D models, photographs, correspondence, and more. The first folder of box 1 contains Grigg's and Carnochan's history of the film and description of the process."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (\u003ca href=\"mailto:specref@vt.edu\"\u003especref@vt.edu\u003c/a\u003e or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_e65a51b1c81edb76c35ce4d6b773036b\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThis collection includes documents related to the production and dissemination of George Grigg's and John Carnochan's computer-animated film, produced while students at Virginia Tech from 1969 through 1970 using FORTRAN.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["This collection includes documents related to the production and dissemination of George Grigg's and John Carnochan's computer-animated film, produced while students at Virginia Tech from 1969 through 1970 using FORTRAN."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. College of Architecture (1974-1978)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute (1944-1970)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (1970-)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute. College of Architecture"],"names_coll_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. College of Architecture (1974-1978)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute (1944-1970)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (1970-)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute. College of Architecture"],"persname_ssim":["Grigg, George C.","Carnochan, John"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. College of Architecture (1974-1978)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute (1944-1970)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (1970-)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute. College of Architecture","Grigg, George C.","Carnochan, John"],"language_ssim":["The materials in the collection are in English."],"total_component_count_is":38,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:31:39.599Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3177"}},{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2177","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Milka Bliznakov Prize Records, 1999/2019","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2177#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Merrett, Andrea J.","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2177#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"The Milka Bliznakov Prize, established in 1998, honors the founder of the International Archive of Women in Architecture. The prize is conferred in recognition of research that advances knowledge of women's contributions to architecture and related design fields, and was created to encourage the use and growth of the International Archive of Women in Architecture (IAWA). The collection consists of announcements about the award, proposal submissions for the prize, and original works of research.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2177#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2177","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2177","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2177","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2177","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_2177.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Milka Bliznakov Prize Records","title_ssm":["Milka Bliznakov Prize Records"],"title_tesim":["Milka Bliznakov Prize Records"],"unitdate_ssm":["1999-2019"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1999-2019"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1999/2019"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Milka Bliznakov Prize Records, 1999/2019"],"text":["Milka Bliznakov Prize Records, 1999/2019","Ms.2001.045","International Archive of Women in Architecture (IAWA)","History of Women in Architecture","Women -- History","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University -- College of Architecture and Urban Studies -- Milka Bliznakov Prize","Collection is open to research.","The collection is arranged chronologically by year of submission. Information is divided into award announcements, which advertise the award and announce winners at various stages, proposal submissions, and original works of research.","Milka Bliznakov Award and Research Prize Winners","2001, Claire Bonney, The Work and Life of Adrienne Gorska.","2002, Elizabeth Birmingham,  Searching for Marion Mahony: Gender, Erasure, and the Discourse of Architectural Studies.","2003, Barbara Nadel,Security Design: Achieving Transparency in Civic Architecture and Ozlem Erkarslan, Turkish Women Architects in the Late Ottoman and Early Republican Era 1908-1960.","2004, Dorrita Hannah, un-housing performance: The Heart of PQ and Janet Stoyel, Sonicloth.","2005, Carmen Alonso Espegel, Heroines of the Space,  Isabel Bauer, Architekturstudentinnen der Weimarer Republik, and Bobbye Tigerman, 'I Am Not a Decorator' Florence Knoll, the Knoll Planning Unit, and the Making of the Modern Office.","2005, Milka Bliznakov Honorarium, Joseph Chuo Wang.","2006, Milka Bliznakov Prize, Commendation, Against All Odds: MIT's Pioneering Women of Landscape Architecture by Eran Ben-Joseph, Holly D. Ben-Joseph and Anne C. Dodge.","2007, No prize awarded.","2008, Martha Alonso, Sonia Bevilacqua, and Graciela Brandariz, Odilia Suárez: The Exemplary Trajectory of an Architect and Urbanist in Latin America  and Despina Stratigakos, A Woman's Berlin","2008, Milka Bliznakov Prize, Commendation, Lori Brown, feminist practices [exhibition].","2009, Patrick Lee Lucan, Sarah Hunter Kelly: Designing the House of Good Taste.","2010, Inge Schaefer Horton, Early Women Architects of the San Francisco Bay Area\n.","2011, Lindsay Nencheck, Organizing Voices: Examining the 1974 Women in Architecture Symposium at Washington University in St. Louis.","2012, Andrea J. Merrett, Feminism in American Architecture: Organizing: 1972-1975 .","2013, Robert Holton, Natalie de Blois - Her role and contribution to the design of three pivotal SOM projects completed in New York City between 1950-1960: the Lever House, the Pepsi-Cola building and the Union Carbide.","2014, Meredith Sattler, Early Technological Innovation in the Systems Approach to Environmental Design: Situating Beverly Willis and Associates' CARLA platform [Computerized Approach to Residential Land Analysis] within the developmental trajectory of Geographic Information Systems (GIS).","2015, Claire Bonney Brüllman, The Work and Life of Adrienne Gorska and Sarah Rafson, CARY (Chicks in Architecture Refuse to Yield).","2016, Ines Moisset, Women Architects on the Web and Tanja Poppelreuter, Refugee and émigré female architects before 1940.","2017, Rixt Hoekstra, Regarding De Stijl through a Gender Perspective: The Work and Life of Han Schröder (1918 -1992) and Kirat Kaur Pandher (Student Prize), Indian Architects: A Proposal for Directed Expansion.","2018, Alex Bala, Hanna Adamczewska-Wejchert, a lead designer of the industrial city of Tychy.","2019, Eva Alvarez and Carlos Gomez, Pluralism and Diversity in the Profession - Women Architects Speaking Spanish at the IAWA.","2020, Canceled due to pandemic.","2021, Canceled due to pandemic.","2022, Daniela Núñez Ruiz, Decolonizing the Archive: Mapping the IAWA's Global South Female Architects.","2023, Lori Brown, FAIA, and Karen Burns, Organizing Women Architects and Global Solidarity, 1963-1988: The International Union of Women Architects and the Cold War Divide.","2024, Fabio Marino, Liane Zimbler's Architectural Journey: Questioning the Interior Decorator Cliché from Vienna to California.","2025, Caitlin Charlet, Drawing the Unseen: Architectural Narratives of Women Who Shaped Space.","The guide to the  Milka Bliznakov Prize Records by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/).","The processing, arrangement and description of the Milka Bliznakov Prize Records took place in 2001. The records were reprocessed and described to include additions in August 2005, September 2006, January 2012, March 2013, and 2017.","Additional information about the Milka Bliznakov Prize is available through links on the IAWA home page.","The IAWA Records, Ms1985-021, and the papers of Milka Bliznakov, Ms1991-025, are both housed with the IAWA and are on the IAWA Guide to the Collections.","The collection consists of yearly information and announcements about the Milka Bliznakov Prize and research proposal submissions. This prize is awarded annually and more records are expected at a later date.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","The Milka Bliznakov Prize, established in 1998, honors the founder of the International Archive of Women in Architecture. The prize is conferred in recognition of research that advances knowledge of women's contributions to architecture and related design fields, and was created to encourage the use and growth of the International Archive of Women in Architecture (IAWA). The collection consists of announcements about the award, proposal submissions for the prize, and original works of research.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (1970-)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. College of Architecture (1974-1978)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. College of Architecture and Urban Studies (1978-2022)","Merrett, Andrea J.","Erkarslam, Ozlem","Nadel, Barbara","Birmingham, Elizabeth J.","Bonney, Claire","Nencheck, Lindsay","Bliznakov, Milka T., 1927-2010","Horton, Inge S.","Lucas, Patrick Lee","Brown, Lori","Stoyel, Janet","Bauer, Isabel","Tigerman, Bobbye","Hannah, Dorrita","Alonso, Carmen Espegel","Alonso, Martha","Bevilacqua, Sonia","Brandariz, Graciela","Stratigakus, Despina","Ben-Joseph, Holly D.","Ben-Joseph, Eran","Wang, Joseph Chuo","Dodge, Anne C.","Sokolina, Anna P.","The materials in the collection are in English."],"collection_title_tesim":["Milka Bliznakov Prize Records, 1999/2019"],"collection_ssim":["Milka Bliznakov Prize Records, 1999/2019"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.2001.045"],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.2001.045"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"creator_ssm":["Merrett, Andrea J.","Erkarslam, Ozlem","Nadel, Barbara","Birmingham, Elizabeth J.","Bonney, Claire","Nencheck, Lindsay"],"creator_ssim":["Merrett, Andrea J.","Erkarslam, Ozlem","Nadel, Barbara","Birmingham, Elizabeth J.","Bonney, Claire","Nencheck, Lindsay"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Merrett, Andrea J.","Erkarslam, Ozlem","Nadel, Barbara","Birmingham, Elizabeth J.","Bonney, Claire","Nencheck, Lindsay","Bliznakov, Milka T., 1927-2010","Horton, Inge S.","Lucas, Patrick Lee","Brown, Lori","Stoyel, Janet","Bauer, Isabel","Tigerman, Bobbye","Hannah, Dorrita","Alonso, Carmen Espegel","Alonso, Martha","Bevilacqua, Sonia","Brandariz, Graciela","Stratigakus, Despina","Ben-Joseph, Holly D.","Ben-Joseph, Eran","Wang, Joseph Chuo","Dodge, Anne C.","Sokolina, Anna P."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (1970-)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. College of Architecture (1974-1978)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. College of Architecture and Urban Studies (1978-2022)"],"creators_ssim":["Merrett, Andrea J.","Erkarslam, Ozlem","Nadel, Barbara","Birmingham, Elizabeth J.","Bonney, Claire","Nencheck, Lindsay","Bliznakov, Milka T., 1927-2010","Horton, Inge S.","Lucas, Patrick Lee","Brown, Lori","Stoyel, Janet","Bauer, Isabel","Tigerman, Bobbye","Hannah, Dorrita","Alonso, Carmen Espegel","Alonso, Martha","Bevilacqua, Sonia","Brandariz, Graciela","Stratigakus, Despina","Ben-Joseph, Holly D.","Ben-Joseph, Eran","Wang, Joseph Chuo","Dodge, Anne C.","Sokolina, Anna P.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (1970-)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. College of Architecture (1974-1978)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. College of Architecture and Urban Studies (1978-2022)"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Milka Bliznakov Prize Records were donated to the International Archive of Women in Architecture at the Special Collections. Accruals are ongoing."],"access_subjects_ssim":["International Archive of Women in Architecture (IAWA)","History of Women in Architecture","Women -- History","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University -- College of Architecture and Urban Studies -- Milka Bliznakov Prize"],"access_subjects_ssm":["International Archive of Women in Architecture (IAWA)","History of Women in Architecture","Women -- History","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University -- College of Architecture and Urban Studies -- Milka Bliznakov Prize"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.5 Cubic Feet 1 box"],"extent_tesim":["0.5 Cubic Feet 1 box"],"date_range_isim":[1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018,2019],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to research.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged chronologically by year of submission. Information is divided into award announcements, which advertise the award and announce winners at various stages, proposal submissions, and original works of research.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged chronologically by year of submission. Information is divided into award announcements, which advertise the award and announce winners at various stages, proposal submissions, and original works of research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"boldunderline\"\u003eMilka Bliznakov Award and Research Prize Winners\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003e2001\u003c/emph\u003e, Claire Bonney, \u003ctitle render=\"doublequote\"\u003eThe Work and Life of Adrienne Gorska\u003c/title\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e2002, Elizabeth Birmingham,  \u003ctitle render=\"doublequote\"\u003eSearching for Marion Mahony: Gender, Erasure, and the Discourse of Architectural Studies\u003c/title\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e2003, Barbara Nadel,\u003ctitle render=\"doublequote\"\u003eSecurity Design: Achieving Transparency in Civic Architecture\u003c/title\u003e and Ozlem Erkarslan, \u003ctitle render=\"doublequote\"\u003eTurkish Women Architects in the Late Ottoman and Early Republican Era 1908-1960.\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e2004, Dorrita Hannah, \u003ctitle render=\"doublequote\"\u003e\u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eun-housing performance\u003c/emph\u003e: The Heart of PQ\u003c/title\u003e and Janet Stoyel, \u003ctitle render=\"doublequote\"\u003eSonicloth\u003c/title\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e2005, Carmen Alonso Espegel, \u003ctitle render=\"doublequote\"\u003eHeroines of the Space\u003c/title\u003e,  Isabel Bauer, \u003ctitle render=\"doublequote\"\u003eArchitekturstudentinnen der Weimarer Republik\u003c/title\u003e, and Bobbye Tigerman, \u003ctitle render=\"doublequote\"\u003e'I Am Not a Decorator' Florence Knoll, the Knoll Planning Unit, and the Making of the Modern Office\u003c/title\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e2005, Milka Bliznakov Honorarium, Joseph Chuo Wang.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e2006, Milka Bliznakov Prize, Commendation, \u003ctitle render=\"doublequote\"\u003eAgainst All Odds: MIT's Pioneering Women of Landscape Architecture\u003c/title\u003e by Eran Ben-Joseph, Holly D. Ben-Joseph and Anne C. Dodge.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e2007, No prize awarded.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e2008, Martha Alonso, Sonia Bevilacqua, and Graciela Brandariz, \u003ctitle render=\"doublequote\"\u003eOdilia Suárez: The Exemplary Trajectory of an Architect and Urbanist in Latin America \u003c/title\u003e and Despina Stratigakos, \u003ctitle render=\"doublequote\"\u003eA Woman's Berlin \u003c/title\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e2008, Milka Bliznakov Prize, Commendation, Lori Brown, \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003efeminist practices\u003c/title\u003e [exhibition].\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e2009, Patrick Lee Lucan, \u003ctitle render=\"doublequote\"\u003eSarah Hunter Kelly: Designing the House of Good Taste\u003c/title\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e  \n","\u003cp\u003e2010, Inge Schaefer Horton, \u003ctitle render=\"doublequote\"\u003eEarly Women Architects of the San Francisco Bay Area\n\u003c/title\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e2011, Lindsay Nencheck, \u003ctitle render=\"doublequote\"\u003eOrganizing Voices: Examining the 1974 Women in Architecture Symposium at Washington University in St. Louis\u003c/title\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e2012, Andrea J. Merrett, \u003ctitle render=\"doublequote\"\u003eFeminism in American Architecture: Organizing: 1972-1975 \u003c/title\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e2013, Robert Holton, \u003ctitle render=\"doublequote\"\u003eNatalie de Blois - Her role and contribution to the design of three pivotal SOM projects completed in New York City between 1950-1960: the Lever House, the Pepsi-Cola building and the Union Carbide\u003c/title\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e2014, Meredith Sattler, \u003ctitle render=\"doublequote\"\u003eEarly Technological Innovation in the Systems Approach to Environmental Design: Situating Beverly Willis and Associates' CARLA platform [Computerized Approach to Residential Land Analysis] within the developmental trajectory of Geographic Information Systems (GIS)\u003c/title\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e2015, Claire Bonney Brüllman, \u003ctitle render=\"doublequote\"\u003eThe Work and Life of Adrienne Gorska\u003c/title\u003e and Sarah Rafson, \u003ctitle render=\"doublequote\"\u003eCARY (Chicks in Architecture Refuse to Yield)\u003c/title\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e2016, Ines Moisset, \u003ctitle render=\"doublequote\"\u003eWomen Architects on the Web\u003c/title\u003e and Tanja Poppelreuter, \u003ctitle render=\"doublequote\"\u003eRefugee and émigré female architects before 1940\u003c/title\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e2017, Rixt Hoekstra, \u003ctitle render=\"doublequote\"\u003eRegarding De Stijl through a Gender Perspective: The Work and Life of Han Schröder (1918 -1992)\u003c/title\u003e and Kirat Kaur Pandher (Student Prize), \u003ctitle render=\"doublequote\"\u003eIndian Architects: A Proposal for Directed Expansion\u003c/title\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e2018, Alex Bala, \u003ctitle render=\"doublequote\"\u003eHanna Adamczewska-Wejchert, a lead designer of the industrial city of Tychy\u003c/title\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e2019, Eva Alvarez and Carlos Gomez, \u003ctitle render=\"doublequote\"\u003ePluralism and Diversity in the Profession - Women Architects Speaking Spanish at the IAWA\u003c/title\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e2020, Canceled due to pandemic.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e2021, Canceled due to pandemic.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e2022, Daniela Núñez Ruiz, \u003ctitle render=\"doublequote\"\u003eDecolonizing the Archive: Mapping the IAWA's Global South Female Architects\u003c/title\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e2023, Lori Brown, FAIA, and Karen Burns, \u003ctitle render=\"doublequote\"\u003eOrganizing Women Architects and Global Solidarity, 1963-1988: The International Union of Women Architects and the Cold War Divide\u003c/title\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e2024, Fabio Marino, \u003ctitle render=\"doublequote\"\u003eLiane Zimbler's Architectural Journey: Questioning the Interior Decorator Cliché from Vienna to California\u003c/title\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e2025, Caitlin Charlet, \u003ctitle render=\"doublequote\"\u003eDrawing the Unseen: Architectural Narratives of Women Who Shaped Space\u003c/title\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Milka Bliznakov Award and Research Prize Winners","2001, Claire Bonney, The Work and Life of Adrienne Gorska.","2002, Elizabeth Birmingham,  Searching for Marion Mahony: Gender, Erasure, and the Discourse of Architectural Studies.","2003, Barbara Nadel,Security Design: Achieving Transparency in Civic Architecture and Ozlem Erkarslan, Turkish Women Architects in the Late Ottoman and Early Republican Era 1908-1960.","2004, Dorrita Hannah, un-housing performance: The Heart of PQ and Janet Stoyel, Sonicloth.","2005, Carmen Alonso Espegel, Heroines of the Space,  Isabel Bauer, Architekturstudentinnen der Weimarer Republik, and Bobbye Tigerman, 'I Am Not a Decorator' Florence Knoll, the Knoll Planning Unit, and the Making of the Modern Office.","2005, Milka Bliznakov Honorarium, Joseph Chuo Wang.","2006, Milka Bliznakov Prize, Commendation, Against All Odds: MIT's Pioneering Women of Landscape Architecture by Eran Ben-Joseph, Holly D. Ben-Joseph and Anne C. Dodge.","2007, No prize awarded.","2008, Martha Alonso, Sonia Bevilacqua, and Graciela Brandariz, Odilia Suárez: The Exemplary Trajectory of an Architect and Urbanist in Latin America  and Despina Stratigakos, A Woman's Berlin","2008, Milka Bliznakov Prize, Commendation, Lori Brown, feminist practices [exhibition].","2009, Patrick Lee Lucan, Sarah Hunter Kelly: Designing the House of Good Taste.","2010, Inge Schaefer Horton, Early Women Architects of the San Francisco Bay Area\n.","2011, Lindsay Nencheck, Organizing Voices: Examining the 1974 Women in Architecture Symposium at Washington University in St. Louis.","2012, Andrea J. Merrett, Feminism in American Architecture: Organizing: 1972-1975 .","2013, Robert Holton, Natalie de Blois - Her role and contribution to the design of three pivotal SOM projects completed in New York City between 1950-1960: the Lever House, the Pepsi-Cola building and the Union Carbide.","2014, Meredith Sattler, Early Technological Innovation in the Systems Approach to Environmental Design: Situating Beverly Willis and Associates' CARLA platform [Computerized Approach to Residential Land Analysis] within the developmental trajectory of Geographic Information Systems (GIS).","2015, Claire Bonney Brüllman, The Work and Life of Adrienne Gorska and Sarah Rafson, CARY (Chicks in Architecture Refuse to Yield).","2016, Ines Moisset, Women Architects on the Web and Tanja Poppelreuter, Refugee and émigré female architects before 1940.","2017, Rixt Hoekstra, Regarding De Stijl through a Gender Perspective: The Work and Life of Han Schröder (1918 -1992) and Kirat Kaur Pandher (Student Prize), Indian Architects: A Proposal for Directed Expansion.","2018, Alex Bala, Hanna Adamczewska-Wejchert, a lead designer of the industrial city of Tychy.","2019, Eva Alvarez and Carlos Gomez, Pluralism and Diversity in the Profession - Women Architects Speaking Spanish at the IAWA.","2020, Canceled due to pandemic.","2021, Canceled due to pandemic.","2022, Daniela Núñez Ruiz, Decolonizing the Archive: Mapping the IAWA's Global South Female Architects.","2023, Lori Brown, FAIA, and Karen Burns, Organizing Women Architects and Global Solidarity, 1963-1988: The International Union of Women Architects and the Cold War Divide.","2024, Fabio Marino, Liane Zimbler's Architectural Journey: Questioning the Interior Decorator Cliché from Vienna to California.","2025, Caitlin Charlet, Drawing the Unseen: Architectural Narratives of Women Who Shaped Space."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the  Milka Bliznakov Prize Records by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the  Milka Bliznakov Prize Records by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/)."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Milka Bliznakov Prize Records, Ms2001-045, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Milka Bliznakov Prize Records, Ms2001-045, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement and description of the Milka Bliznakov Prize Records took place in 2001. The records were reprocessed and described to include additions in August 2005, September 2006, January 2012, March 2013, and 2017.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement and description of the Milka Bliznakov Prize Records took place in 2001. The records were reprocessed and described to include additions in August 2005, September 2006, January 2012, March 2013, and 2017."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdditional information about the Milka Bliznakov Prize is available through links on the \u003cextref href=\"http://spec.lib.vt.edu/IAWA/\" title=\"IAWA home page\"\u003eIAWA home page.\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe IAWA Records, Ms1985-021, and the papers of Milka Bliznakov, Ms1991-025, are both housed with the IAWA and are on the \u003cextref href=\"http://spec.lib.vt.edu/IAWA/guide.html\" title=\"IAWA Guide to the Collections\"\u003eIAWA Guide to the Collections.\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Archival Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Additional information about the Milka Bliznakov Prize is available through links on the IAWA home page.","The IAWA Records, Ms1985-021, and the papers of Milka Bliznakov, Ms1991-025, are both housed with the IAWA and are on the IAWA Guide to the Collections."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection consists of yearly information and announcements about the Milka Bliznakov Prize and research proposal submissions. This prize is awarded annually and more records are expected at a later date.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection consists of yearly information and announcements about the Milka Bliznakov Prize and research proposal submissions. This prize is awarded annually and more records are expected at a later date."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_1c78d5d02374a8ab95301adae2ea4b72\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe Milka Bliznakov Prize, established in 1998, honors the founder of the International Archive of Women in Architecture. The prize is conferred in recognition of research that advances knowledge of women's contributions to architecture and related design fields, and was created to encourage the use and growth of the International Archive of Women in Architecture (IAWA). The collection consists of announcements about the award, proposal submissions for the prize, and original works of research.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The Milka Bliznakov Prize, established in 1998, honors the founder of the International Archive of Women in Architecture. The prize is conferred in recognition of research that advances knowledge of women's contributions to architecture and related design fields, and was created to encourage the use and growth of the International Archive of Women in Architecture (IAWA). The collection consists of announcements about the award, proposal submissions for the prize, and original works of research."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (1970-)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. College of Architecture (1974-1978)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. College of Architecture and Urban Studies (1978-2022)"],"names_coll_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (1970-)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. College of Architecture (1974-1978)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. College of Architecture and Urban Studies (1978-2022)","Bliznakov, Milka T., 1927-2010","Horton, Inge S.","Lucas, Patrick Lee","Brown, Lori","Stoyel, Janet","Bauer, Isabel","Tigerman, Bobbye","Hannah, Dorrita","Alonso, Carmen Espegel","Alonso, Martha","Bevilacqua, Sonia","Brandariz, Graciela","Stratigakus, Despina","Ben-Joseph, Holly D.","Ben-Joseph, Eran","Wang, Joseph Chuo","Dodge, Anne C.","Sokolina, Anna P."],"persname_ssim":["Merrett, Andrea J.","Erkarslam, Ozlem","Nadel, Barbara","Birmingham, Elizabeth J.","Bonney, Claire","Nencheck, Lindsay","Bliznakov, Milka T., 1927-2010","Horton, Inge S.","Lucas, Patrick Lee","Brown, Lori","Stoyel, Janet","Bauer, Isabel","Tigerman, Bobbye","Hannah, Dorrita","Alonso, Carmen Espegel","Alonso, Martha","Bevilacqua, Sonia","Brandariz, Graciela","Stratigakus, Despina","Ben-Joseph, Holly D.","Ben-Joseph, Eran","Wang, Joseph Chuo","Dodge, Anne C.","Sokolina, Anna P."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (1970-)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. College of Architecture (1974-1978)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. College of Architecture and Urban Studies (1978-2022)","Merrett, Andrea J.","Erkarslam, Ozlem","Nadel, Barbara","Birmingham, Elizabeth J.","Bonney, Claire","Nencheck, Lindsay","Bliznakov, Milka T., 1927-2010","Horton, Inge S.","Lucas, Patrick Lee","Brown, Lori","Stoyel, Janet","Bauer, Isabel","Tigerman, Bobbye","Hannah, Dorrita","Alonso, Carmen Espegel","Alonso, Martha","Bevilacqua, Sonia","Brandariz, Graciela","Stratigakus, Despina","Ben-Joseph, Holly D.","Ben-Joseph, Eran","Wang, Joseph Chuo","Dodge, Anne C.","Sokolina, Anna P."],"language_ssim":["The materials in the collection are in English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":56,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:30:31.807Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2177","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2177","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2177","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2177","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_2177.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Milka Bliznakov Prize Records","title_ssm":["Milka Bliznakov Prize Records"],"title_tesim":["Milka Bliznakov Prize Records"],"unitdate_ssm":["1999-2019"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1999-2019"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1999/2019"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Milka Bliznakov Prize Records, 1999/2019"],"text":["Milka Bliznakov Prize Records, 1999/2019","Ms.2001.045","International Archive of Women in Architecture (IAWA)","History of Women in Architecture","Women -- History","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University -- College of Architecture and Urban Studies -- Milka Bliznakov Prize","Collection is open to research.","The collection is arranged chronologically by year of submission. Information is divided into award announcements, which advertise the award and announce winners at various stages, proposal submissions, and original works of research.","Milka Bliznakov Award and Research Prize Winners","2001, Claire Bonney, The Work and Life of Adrienne Gorska.","2002, Elizabeth Birmingham,  Searching for Marion Mahony: Gender, Erasure, and the Discourse of Architectural Studies.","2003, Barbara Nadel,Security Design: Achieving Transparency in Civic Architecture and Ozlem Erkarslan, Turkish Women Architects in the Late Ottoman and Early Republican Era 1908-1960.","2004, Dorrita Hannah, un-housing performance: The Heart of PQ and Janet Stoyel, Sonicloth.","2005, Carmen Alonso Espegel, Heroines of the Space,  Isabel Bauer, Architekturstudentinnen der Weimarer Republik, and Bobbye Tigerman, 'I Am Not a Decorator' Florence Knoll, the Knoll Planning Unit, and the Making of the Modern Office.","2005, Milka Bliznakov Honorarium, Joseph Chuo Wang.","2006, Milka Bliznakov Prize, Commendation, Against All Odds: MIT's Pioneering Women of Landscape Architecture by Eran Ben-Joseph, Holly D. Ben-Joseph and Anne C. Dodge.","2007, No prize awarded.","2008, Martha Alonso, Sonia Bevilacqua, and Graciela Brandariz, Odilia Suárez: The Exemplary Trajectory of an Architect and Urbanist in Latin America  and Despina Stratigakos, A Woman's Berlin","2008, Milka Bliznakov Prize, Commendation, Lori Brown, feminist practices [exhibition].","2009, Patrick Lee Lucan, Sarah Hunter Kelly: Designing the House of Good Taste.","2010, Inge Schaefer Horton, Early Women Architects of the San Francisco Bay Area\n.","2011, Lindsay Nencheck, Organizing Voices: Examining the 1974 Women in Architecture Symposium at Washington University in St. Louis.","2012, Andrea J. Merrett, Feminism in American Architecture: Organizing: 1972-1975 .","2013, Robert Holton, Natalie de Blois - Her role and contribution to the design of three pivotal SOM projects completed in New York City between 1950-1960: the Lever House, the Pepsi-Cola building and the Union Carbide.","2014, Meredith Sattler, Early Technological Innovation in the Systems Approach to Environmental Design: Situating Beverly Willis and Associates' CARLA platform [Computerized Approach to Residential Land Analysis] within the developmental trajectory of Geographic Information Systems (GIS).","2015, Claire Bonney Brüllman, The Work and Life of Adrienne Gorska and Sarah Rafson, CARY (Chicks in Architecture Refuse to Yield).","2016, Ines Moisset, Women Architects on the Web and Tanja Poppelreuter, Refugee and émigré female architects before 1940.","2017, Rixt Hoekstra, Regarding De Stijl through a Gender Perspective: The Work and Life of Han Schröder (1918 -1992) and Kirat Kaur Pandher (Student Prize), Indian Architects: A Proposal for Directed Expansion.","2018, Alex Bala, Hanna Adamczewska-Wejchert, a lead designer of the industrial city of Tychy.","2019, Eva Alvarez and Carlos Gomez, Pluralism and Diversity in the Profession - Women Architects Speaking Spanish at the IAWA.","2020, Canceled due to pandemic.","2021, Canceled due to pandemic.","2022, Daniela Núñez Ruiz, Decolonizing the Archive: Mapping the IAWA's Global South Female Architects.","2023, Lori Brown, FAIA, and Karen Burns, Organizing Women Architects and Global Solidarity, 1963-1988: The International Union of Women Architects and the Cold War Divide.","2024, Fabio Marino, Liane Zimbler's Architectural Journey: Questioning the Interior Decorator Cliché from Vienna to California.","2025, Caitlin Charlet, Drawing the Unseen: Architectural Narratives of Women Who Shaped Space.","The guide to the  Milka Bliznakov Prize Records by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/).","The processing, arrangement and description of the Milka Bliznakov Prize Records took place in 2001. The records were reprocessed and described to include additions in August 2005, September 2006, January 2012, March 2013, and 2017.","Additional information about the Milka Bliznakov Prize is available through links on the IAWA home page.","The IAWA Records, Ms1985-021, and the papers of Milka Bliznakov, Ms1991-025, are both housed with the IAWA and are on the IAWA Guide to the Collections.","The collection consists of yearly information and announcements about the Milka Bliznakov Prize and research proposal submissions. This prize is awarded annually and more records are expected at a later date.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","The Milka Bliznakov Prize, established in 1998, honors the founder of the International Archive of Women in Architecture. The prize is conferred in recognition of research that advances knowledge of women's contributions to architecture and related design fields, and was created to encourage the use and growth of the International Archive of Women in Architecture (IAWA). The collection consists of announcements about the award, proposal submissions for the prize, and original works of research.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (1970-)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. College of Architecture (1974-1978)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. College of Architecture and Urban Studies (1978-2022)","Merrett, Andrea J.","Erkarslam, Ozlem","Nadel, Barbara","Birmingham, Elizabeth J.","Bonney, Claire","Nencheck, Lindsay","Bliznakov, Milka T., 1927-2010","Horton, Inge S.","Lucas, Patrick Lee","Brown, Lori","Stoyel, Janet","Bauer, Isabel","Tigerman, Bobbye","Hannah, Dorrita","Alonso, Carmen Espegel","Alonso, Martha","Bevilacqua, Sonia","Brandariz, Graciela","Stratigakus, Despina","Ben-Joseph, Holly D.","Ben-Joseph, Eran","Wang, Joseph Chuo","Dodge, Anne C.","Sokolina, Anna P.","The materials in the collection are in English."],"collection_title_tesim":["Milka Bliznakov Prize Records, 1999/2019"],"collection_ssim":["Milka Bliznakov Prize Records, 1999/2019"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.2001.045"],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.2001.045"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"creator_ssm":["Merrett, Andrea J.","Erkarslam, Ozlem","Nadel, Barbara","Birmingham, Elizabeth J.","Bonney, Claire","Nencheck, Lindsay"],"creator_ssim":["Merrett, Andrea J.","Erkarslam, Ozlem","Nadel, Barbara","Birmingham, Elizabeth J.","Bonney, Claire","Nencheck, Lindsay"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Merrett, Andrea J.","Erkarslam, Ozlem","Nadel, Barbara","Birmingham, Elizabeth J.","Bonney, Claire","Nencheck, Lindsay","Bliznakov, Milka T., 1927-2010","Horton, Inge S.","Lucas, Patrick Lee","Brown, Lori","Stoyel, Janet","Bauer, Isabel","Tigerman, Bobbye","Hannah, Dorrita","Alonso, Carmen Espegel","Alonso, Martha","Bevilacqua, Sonia","Brandariz, Graciela","Stratigakus, Despina","Ben-Joseph, Holly D.","Ben-Joseph, Eran","Wang, Joseph Chuo","Dodge, Anne C.","Sokolina, Anna P."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (1970-)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. College of Architecture (1974-1978)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. College of Architecture and Urban Studies (1978-2022)"],"creators_ssim":["Merrett, Andrea J.","Erkarslam, Ozlem","Nadel, Barbara","Birmingham, Elizabeth J.","Bonney, Claire","Nencheck, Lindsay","Bliznakov, Milka T., 1927-2010","Horton, Inge S.","Lucas, Patrick Lee","Brown, Lori","Stoyel, Janet","Bauer, Isabel","Tigerman, Bobbye","Hannah, Dorrita","Alonso, Carmen Espegel","Alonso, Martha","Bevilacqua, Sonia","Brandariz, Graciela","Stratigakus, Despina","Ben-Joseph, Holly D.","Ben-Joseph, Eran","Wang, Joseph Chuo","Dodge, Anne C.","Sokolina, Anna P.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (1970-)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. College of Architecture (1974-1978)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. College of Architecture and Urban Studies (1978-2022)"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Milka Bliznakov Prize Records were donated to the International Archive of Women in Architecture at the Special Collections. Accruals are ongoing."],"access_subjects_ssim":["International Archive of Women in Architecture (IAWA)","History of Women in Architecture","Women -- History","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University -- College of Architecture and Urban Studies -- Milka Bliznakov Prize"],"access_subjects_ssm":["International Archive of Women in Architecture (IAWA)","History of Women in Architecture","Women -- History","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University -- College of Architecture and Urban Studies -- Milka Bliznakov Prize"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.5 Cubic Feet 1 box"],"extent_tesim":["0.5 Cubic Feet 1 box"],"date_range_isim":[1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018,2019],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to research.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged chronologically by year of submission. Information is divided into award announcements, which advertise the award and announce winners at various stages, proposal submissions, and original works of research.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged chronologically by year of submission. Information is divided into award announcements, which advertise the award and announce winners at various stages, proposal submissions, and original works of research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"boldunderline\"\u003eMilka Bliznakov Award and Research Prize Winners\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003e2001\u003c/emph\u003e, Claire Bonney, \u003ctitle render=\"doublequote\"\u003eThe Work and Life of Adrienne Gorska\u003c/title\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e2002, Elizabeth Birmingham,  \u003ctitle render=\"doublequote\"\u003eSearching for Marion Mahony: Gender, Erasure, and the Discourse of Architectural Studies\u003c/title\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e2003, Barbara Nadel,\u003ctitle render=\"doublequote\"\u003eSecurity Design: Achieving Transparency in Civic Architecture\u003c/title\u003e and Ozlem Erkarslan, \u003ctitle render=\"doublequote\"\u003eTurkish Women Architects in the Late Ottoman and Early Republican Era 1908-1960.\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e2004, Dorrita Hannah, \u003ctitle render=\"doublequote\"\u003e\u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eun-housing performance\u003c/emph\u003e: The Heart of PQ\u003c/title\u003e and Janet Stoyel, \u003ctitle render=\"doublequote\"\u003eSonicloth\u003c/title\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e2005, Carmen Alonso Espegel, \u003ctitle render=\"doublequote\"\u003eHeroines of the Space\u003c/title\u003e,  Isabel Bauer, \u003ctitle render=\"doublequote\"\u003eArchitekturstudentinnen der Weimarer Republik\u003c/title\u003e, and Bobbye Tigerman, \u003ctitle render=\"doublequote\"\u003e'I Am Not a Decorator' Florence Knoll, the Knoll Planning Unit, and the Making of the Modern Office\u003c/title\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e2005, Milka Bliznakov Honorarium, Joseph Chuo Wang.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e2006, Milka Bliznakov Prize, Commendation, \u003ctitle render=\"doublequote\"\u003eAgainst All Odds: MIT's Pioneering Women of Landscape Architecture\u003c/title\u003e by Eran Ben-Joseph, Holly D. Ben-Joseph and Anne C. Dodge.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e2007, No prize awarded.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e2008, Martha Alonso, Sonia Bevilacqua, and Graciela Brandariz, \u003ctitle render=\"doublequote\"\u003eOdilia Suárez: The Exemplary Trajectory of an Architect and Urbanist in Latin America \u003c/title\u003e and Despina Stratigakos, \u003ctitle render=\"doublequote\"\u003eA Woman's Berlin \u003c/title\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e2008, Milka Bliznakov Prize, Commendation, Lori Brown, \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003efeminist practices\u003c/title\u003e [exhibition].\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e2009, Patrick Lee Lucan, \u003ctitle render=\"doublequote\"\u003eSarah Hunter Kelly: Designing the House of Good Taste\u003c/title\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e  \n","\u003cp\u003e2010, Inge Schaefer Horton, \u003ctitle render=\"doublequote\"\u003eEarly Women Architects of the San Francisco Bay Area\n\u003c/title\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e2011, Lindsay Nencheck, \u003ctitle render=\"doublequote\"\u003eOrganizing Voices: Examining the 1974 Women in Architecture Symposium at Washington University in St. Louis\u003c/title\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e2012, Andrea J. Merrett, \u003ctitle render=\"doublequote\"\u003eFeminism in American Architecture: Organizing: 1972-1975 \u003c/title\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e2013, Robert Holton, \u003ctitle render=\"doublequote\"\u003eNatalie de Blois - Her role and contribution to the design of three pivotal SOM projects completed in New York City between 1950-1960: the Lever House, the Pepsi-Cola building and the Union Carbide\u003c/title\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e2014, Meredith Sattler, \u003ctitle render=\"doublequote\"\u003eEarly Technological Innovation in the Systems Approach to Environmental Design: Situating Beverly Willis and Associates' CARLA platform [Computerized Approach to Residential Land Analysis] within the developmental trajectory of Geographic Information Systems (GIS)\u003c/title\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e2015, Claire Bonney Brüllman, \u003ctitle render=\"doublequote\"\u003eThe Work and Life of Adrienne Gorska\u003c/title\u003e and Sarah Rafson, \u003ctitle render=\"doublequote\"\u003eCARY (Chicks in Architecture Refuse to Yield)\u003c/title\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e2016, Ines Moisset, \u003ctitle render=\"doublequote\"\u003eWomen Architects on the Web\u003c/title\u003e and Tanja Poppelreuter, \u003ctitle render=\"doublequote\"\u003eRefugee and émigré female architects before 1940\u003c/title\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e2017, Rixt Hoekstra, \u003ctitle render=\"doublequote\"\u003eRegarding De Stijl through a Gender Perspective: The Work and Life of Han Schröder (1918 -1992)\u003c/title\u003e and Kirat Kaur Pandher (Student Prize), \u003ctitle render=\"doublequote\"\u003eIndian Architects: A Proposal for Directed Expansion\u003c/title\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e2018, Alex Bala, \u003ctitle render=\"doublequote\"\u003eHanna Adamczewska-Wejchert, a lead designer of the industrial city of Tychy\u003c/title\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e2019, Eva Alvarez and Carlos Gomez, \u003ctitle render=\"doublequote\"\u003ePluralism and Diversity in the Profession - Women Architects Speaking Spanish at the IAWA\u003c/title\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e2020, Canceled due to pandemic.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e2021, Canceled due to pandemic.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e2022, Daniela Núñez Ruiz, \u003ctitle render=\"doublequote\"\u003eDecolonizing the Archive: Mapping the IAWA's Global South Female Architects\u003c/title\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e2023, Lori Brown, FAIA, and Karen Burns, \u003ctitle render=\"doublequote\"\u003eOrganizing Women Architects and Global Solidarity, 1963-1988: The International Union of Women Architects and the Cold War Divide\u003c/title\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e2024, Fabio Marino, \u003ctitle render=\"doublequote\"\u003eLiane Zimbler's Architectural Journey: Questioning the Interior Decorator Cliché from Vienna to California\u003c/title\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e2025, Caitlin Charlet, \u003ctitle render=\"doublequote\"\u003eDrawing the Unseen: Architectural Narratives of Women Who Shaped Space\u003c/title\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Milka Bliznakov Award and Research Prize Winners","2001, Claire Bonney, The Work and Life of Adrienne Gorska.","2002, Elizabeth Birmingham,  Searching for Marion Mahony: Gender, Erasure, and the Discourse of Architectural Studies.","2003, Barbara Nadel,Security Design: Achieving Transparency in Civic Architecture and Ozlem Erkarslan, Turkish Women Architects in the Late Ottoman and Early Republican Era 1908-1960.","2004, Dorrita Hannah, un-housing performance: The Heart of PQ and Janet Stoyel, Sonicloth.","2005, Carmen Alonso Espegel, Heroines of the Space,  Isabel Bauer, Architekturstudentinnen der Weimarer Republik, and Bobbye Tigerman, 'I Am Not a Decorator' Florence Knoll, the Knoll Planning Unit, and the Making of the Modern Office.","2005, Milka Bliznakov Honorarium, Joseph Chuo Wang.","2006, Milka Bliznakov Prize, Commendation, Against All Odds: MIT's Pioneering Women of Landscape Architecture by Eran Ben-Joseph, Holly D. Ben-Joseph and Anne C. Dodge.","2007, No prize awarded.","2008, Martha Alonso, Sonia Bevilacqua, and Graciela Brandariz, Odilia Suárez: The Exemplary Trajectory of an Architect and Urbanist in Latin America  and Despina Stratigakos, A Woman's Berlin","2008, Milka Bliznakov Prize, Commendation, Lori Brown, feminist practices [exhibition].","2009, Patrick Lee Lucan, Sarah Hunter Kelly: Designing the House of Good Taste.","2010, Inge Schaefer Horton, Early Women Architects of the San Francisco Bay Area\n.","2011, Lindsay Nencheck, Organizing Voices: Examining the 1974 Women in Architecture Symposium at Washington University in St. Louis.","2012, Andrea J. Merrett, Feminism in American Architecture: Organizing: 1972-1975 .","2013, Robert Holton, Natalie de Blois - Her role and contribution to the design of three pivotal SOM projects completed in New York City between 1950-1960: the Lever House, the Pepsi-Cola building and the Union Carbide.","2014, Meredith Sattler, Early Technological Innovation in the Systems Approach to Environmental Design: Situating Beverly Willis and Associates' CARLA platform [Computerized Approach to Residential Land Analysis] within the developmental trajectory of Geographic Information Systems (GIS).","2015, Claire Bonney Brüllman, The Work and Life of Adrienne Gorska and Sarah Rafson, CARY (Chicks in Architecture Refuse to Yield).","2016, Ines Moisset, Women Architects on the Web and Tanja Poppelreuter, Refugee and émigré female architects before 1940.","2017, Rixt Hoekstra, Regarding De Stijl through a Gender Perspective: The Work and Life of Han Schröder (1918 -1992) and Kirat Kaur Pandher (Student Prize), Indian Architects: A Proposal for Directed Expansion.","2018, Alex Bala, Hanna Adamczewska-Wejchert, a lead designer of the industrial city of Tychy.","2019, Eva Alvarez and Carlos Gomez, Pluralism and Diversity in the Profession - Women Architects Speaking Spanish at the IAWA.","2020, Canceled due to pandemic.","2021, Canceled due to pandemic.","2022, Daniela Núñez Ruiz, Decolonizing the Archive: Mapping the IAWA's Global South Female Architects.","2023, Lori Brown, FAIA, and Karen Burns, Organizing Women Architects and Global Solidarity, 1963-1988: The International Union of Women Architects and the Cold War Divide.","2024, Fabio Marino, Liane Zimbler's Architectural Journey: Questioning the Interior Decorator Cliché from Vienna to California.","2025, Caitlin Charlet, Drawing the Unseen: Architectural Narratives of Women Who Shaped Space."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the  Milka Bliznakov Prize Records by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the  Milka Bliznakov Prize Records by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/)."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Milka Bliznakov Prize Records, Ms2001-045, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Milka Bliznakov Prize Records, Ms2001-045, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement and description of the Milka Bliznakov Prize Records took place in 2001. The records were reprocessed and described to include additions in August 2005, September 2006, January 2012, March 2013, and 2017.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement and description of the Milka Bliznakov Prize Records took place in 2001. The records were reprocessed and described to include additions in August 2005, September 2006, January 2012, March 2013, and 2017."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdditional information about the Milka Bliznakov Prize is available through links on the \u003cextref href=\"http://spec.lib.vt.edu/IAWA/\" title=\"IAWA home page\"\u003eIAWA home page.\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe IAWA Records, Ms1985-021, and the papers of Milka Bliznakov, Ms1991-025, are both housed with the IAWA and are on the \u003cextref href=\"http://spec.lib.vt.edu/IAWA/guide.html\" title=\"IAWA Guide to the Collections\"\u003eIAWA Guide to the Collections.\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Archival Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Additional information about the Milka Bliznakov Prize is available through links on the IAWA home page.","The IAWA Records, Ms1985-021, and the papers of Milka Bliznakov, Ms1991-025, are both housed with the IAWA and are on the IAWA Guide to the Collections."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection consists of yearly information and announcements about the Milka Bliznakov Prize and research proposal submissions. This prize is awarded annually and more records are expected at a later date.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection consists of yearly information and announcements about the Milka Bliznakov Prize and research proposal submissions. This prize is awarded annually and more records are expected at a later date."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. 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