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Conference proceedings highlight further academic proposals and findings, as do a small number of related publications or reports that were filed with the Centers' papers."],"corpname_ssim":["The Eleanor Crowder Bjoring Center for Nursing Historical Inquiry"],"names_ssim":["The Eleanor Crowder Bjoring Center for Nursing Historical Inquiry"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":63,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:55:15.948Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_8_resources_1826_c18"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_8_resources_1826_c24","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"03-004 SRMHRC - REPORTS, 1995/1999","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_8_resources_1826_c24#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viu_repositories_8_resources_1826_c24","ref_ssm":["viu_repositories_8_resources_1826_c24"],"id":"viu_repositories_8_resources_1826_c24","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_8_resources_1826","_root_":"viu_repositories_8_resources_1826","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_8_resources_1826","parent_ssi":"viu_repositories_8_resources_1826","parent_ssim":["Rural Research Centers Papers, 1992/2010"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viu_repositories_8_resources_1826"],"title_filing_ssi":"03-004 SRMHRC - REPORTS","title_ssm":["03-004 SRMHRC - REPORTS"],"title_tesim":["03-004 SRMHRC - REPORTS"],"normalized_title_ssm":["03-004 SRMHRC - REPORTS, 1995/1999"],"text":["03-004 SRMHRC - REPORTS, 1995/1999","Rural Research Centers Papers, 1992/2010"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Rural Research Centers Papers, 1992/2010"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Rural Research Centers Papers, 1992/2010"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1995/1999"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1995-1999, n.d."],"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"component_level_isim":[1],"sort_isi":24,"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"collection_ssim":["Rural Research Centers Papers, 1992/2010"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"date_range_isim":[1995,1996,1997,1998,1999],"_nest_path_":"/components#23","timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:55:15.948Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_8_resources_1826","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_8_resources_1826","_root_":"viu_repositories_8_resources_1826","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_8_resources_1826","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_8_resources_1826.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/230297","title_ssm":["Rural Research Centers Papers"],"title_tesim":["Rural Research Centers Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1992-2010"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1992-2010"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1992/2010"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Rural Research Centers Papers, 1992/2010"],"text":["Rural Research Centers Papers, 1992/2010","2025-001","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/8/resources/1826","Materials are organized first by the respective originating research center: manuscript boxes 1 to 3 contain the SRMHRC papers, while boxes 4 and 5 contain the RHCRC documentation. Each folder label is so marked. Within these two sub-collections, folders are sorted first by alphabetical subject category, then chronologically. Individual items are arranged in chronological order.","Founded in 1992 by Jeanne C. Fox, Ph.D., the Southeastern Rural Mental Health Research Center (SRMHRC) unified analytical assessments of rural mental health services and treatments from a wide array of specialists in academia and public health. The partnership included the University of Virginia, the Virginia Department of Mental Health, Mental Retardation and Substance Abuse Services, rural community service boards, and  rural health clinics. Professional involvement ranged from experts in nursing, psychology, anthropology, economics, mathematics, and data analysis, to consumers, administrators, providers, and advocates. Grants from the National Institute of Mental Health (National Institutes of Health) supported the Center. The funding expired in 2000.","Dr. Fox's colleague Elizabeth I. Merwin, Ph.D. established the Rural Health Care Research Center (RHCRC) in 2004 with a grant from the National Institute of Nursing Research (National Institutes of Health). Collaboration involved a similar array of specialists; research projects focused both on therapeutics and the systems of care delivery, with special emphasis on culturally sensitive methods of interaction and practitioner education. Center funding continued to 2010.","The Rural Research Centers Papers comprise materials from two different but related academic-public initiatives: the Southeastern Rural Mental Health Research Center (SRMHRC) and its successor, the Rural Health Care Research Center (RHCRC). The Centers coordinated interdisciplinary academic research projects from 1992 to 2000 (SRMHRC) and from 2004 to 2010 (RHCRC). Global research objectives for the SRMHRC centered on examinations of how rural poor, minority, and elderly patient groups living in the southeastern region of the United States accessed mental health care, specifically through formal and informal mental health care networks in addition to the primary mental health care system. Projects assessed use and success rates of various treatment modalities and services, both professional and non-professional. The RHCRC expanded the research mission to include rural populations nationwide, along with investigations of technological innovations that could increase access to care, and the study and development of new training methods for professionals, all housed in a dedicated facility in the University of Virginia School of Nursing. The Centers ultimately aimed to improve public policy, health care delivery, and treatment outcomes for rural populations who typically experience greater isolation from facilities and practitioners than do residents of urban areas, in aggregate, not only on account of geographic position but also as a result of the intersection of such additional factors as income, education, and race with the cultural conditions unique to rural areas.","The most richly detailed information on the two Centers' functions is contained in the extensive sequence of grant applications and continuation documents, which not only include Center administration but also — and more significantly — discussions of the numerous sponsored research projects. In addition, separate grant applications and project descriptions submitted to the Centers by individual researchers or research teams expand the view of the kinds of projects conducted and the specific conclusions drawn. A smaller number of formal reports offer similar details, as do correspondence files and meeting agendas and minutes. These last are more directly related to administrative issues, as are certain budgetary records. Conference proceedings highlight further academic proposals and findings, as do a small number of related publications or reports that were filed with the Centers' papers.","The Eleanor Crowder Bjoring Center for Nursing Historical Inquiry","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Rural Research Centers Papers, 1992/2010"],"collection_ssim":["Rural Research Centers Papers, 1992/2010"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["2025-001","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/8/resources/1826"],"unitid_tesim":["2025-001","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/8/resources/1826"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["The Eleanor Crowder Bjoring Center for Nursing Historical Inquiry"],"creators_ssim":["The Eleanor Crowder Bjoring Center for Nursing Historical Inquiry"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["2.5 Linear Feet Five standard manuscript boxes."],"extent_tesim":["2.5 Linear Feet Five standard manuscript boxes."],"date_range_isim":[1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials are organized first by the respective originating research center: manuscript boxes 1 to 3 contain the SRMHRC papers, while boxes 4 and 5 contain the RHCRC documentation. Each folder label is so marked. Within these two sub-collections, folders are sorted first by alphabetical subject category, then chronologically. Individual items are arranged in chronological order.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Materials are organized first by the respective originating research center: manuscript boxes 1 to 3 contain the SRMHRC papers, while boxes 4 and 5 contain the RHCRC documentation. Each folder label is so marked. Within these two sub-collections, folders are sorted first by alphabetical subject category, then chronologically. Individual items are arranged in chronological order."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFounded in 1992 by Jeanne C. Fox, Ph.D., the Southeastern Rural Mental Health Research Center (SRMHRC) unified analytical assessments of rural mental health services and treatments from a wide array of specialists in academia and public health. The partnership included the University of Virginia, the Virginia Department of Mental Health, Mental Retardation and Substance Abuse Services, rural community service boards, and  rural health clinics. Professional involvement ranged from experts in nursing, psychology, anthropology, economics, mathematics, and data analysis, to consumers, administrators, providers, and advocates. Grants from the National Institute of Mental Health (National Institutes of Health) supported the Center. The funding expired in 2000.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDr. Fox's colleague Elizabeth I. Merwin, Ph.D. established the Rural Health Care Research Center (RHCRC) in 2004 with a grant from the National Institute of Nursing Research (National Institutes of Health). Collaboration involved a similar array of specialists; research projects focused both on therapeutics and the systems of care delivery, with special emphasis on culturally sensitive methods of interaction and practitioner education. Center funding continued to 2010. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Founded in 1992 by Jeanne C. Fox, Ph.D., the Southeastern Rural Mental Health Research Center (SRMHRC) unified analytical assessments of rural mental health services and treatments from a wide array of specialists in academia and public health. The partnership included the University of Virginia, the Virginia Department of Mental Health, Mental Retardation and Substance Abuse Services, rural community service boards, and  rural health clinics. Professional involvement ranged from experts in nursing, psychology, anthropology, economics, mathematics, and data analysis, to consumers, administrators, providers, and advocates. Grants from the National Institute of Mental Health (National Institutes of Health) supported the Center. The funding expired in 2000.","Dr. Fox's colleague Elizabeth I. Merwin, Ph.D. established the Rural Health Care Research Center (RHCRC) in 2004 with a grant from the National Institute of Nursing Research (National Institutes of Health). Collaboration involved a similar array of specialists; research projects focused both on therapeutics and the systems of care delivery, with special emphasis on culturally sensitive methods of interaction and practitioner education. Center funding continued to 2010."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Rural Research Centers Papers comprise materials from two different but related academic-public initiatives: the Southeastern Rural Mental Health Research Center (SRMHRC) and its successor, the Rural Health Care Research Center (RHCRC). The Centers coordinated interdisciplinary academic research projects from 1992 to 2000 (SRMHRC) and from 2004 to 2010 (RHCRC). Global research objectives for the SRMHRC centered on examinations of how rural poor, minority, and elderly patient groups living in the southeastern region of the United States accessed mental health care, specifically through formal and informal mental health care networks in addition to the primary mental health care system. Projects assessed use and success rates of various treatment modalities and services, both professional and non-professional. The RHCRC expanded the research mission to include rural populations nationwide, along with investigations of technological innovations that could increase access to care, and the study and development of new training methods for professionals, all housed in a dedicated facility in the University of Virginia School of Nursing. The Centers ultimately aimed to improve public policy, health care delivery, and treatment outcomes for rural populations who typically experience greater isolation from facilities and practitioners than do residents of urban areas, in aggregate, not only on account of geographic position but also as a result of the intersection of such additional factors as income, education, and race with the cultural conditions unique to rural areas.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe most richly detailed information on the two Centers' functions is contained in the extensive sequence of grant applications and continuation documents, which not only include Center administration but also — and more significantly — discussions of the numerous sponsored research projects. In addition, separate grant applications and project descriptions submitted to the Centers by individual researchers or research teams expand the view of the kinds of projects conducted and the specific conclusions drawn. A smaller number of formal reports offer similar details, as do correspondence files and meeting agendas and minutes. These last are more directly related to administrative issues, as are certain budgetary records. Conference proceedings highlight further academic proposals and findings, as do a small number of related publications or reports that were filed with the Centers' papers.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Rural Research Centers Papers comprise materials from two different but related academic-public initiatives: the Southeastern Rural Mental Health Research Center (SRMHRC) and its successor, the Rural Health Care Research Center (RHCRC). The Centers coordinated interdisciplinary academic research projects from 1992 to 2000 (SRMHRC) and from 2004 to 2010 (RHCRC). Global research objectives for the SRMHRC centered on examinations of how rural poor, minority, and elderly patient groups living in the southeastern region of the United States accessed mental health care, specifically through formal and informal mental health care networks in addition to the primary mental health care system. Projects assessed use and success rates of various treatment modalities and services, both professional and non-professional. The RHCRC expanded the research mission to include rural populations nationwide, along with investigations of technological innovations that could increase access to care, and the study and development of new training methods for professionals, all housed in a dedicated facility in the University of Virginia School of Nursing. The Centers ultimately aimed to improve public policy, health care delivery, and treatment outcomes for rural populations who typically experience greater isolation from facilities and practitioners than do residents of urban areas, in aggregate, not only on account of geographic position but also as a result of the intersection of such additional factors as income, education, and race with the cultural conditions unique to rural areas.","The most richly detailed information on the two Centers' functions is contained in the extensive sequence of grant applications and continuation documents, which not only include Center administration but also — and more significantly — discussions of the numerous sponsored research projects. In addition, separate grant applications and project descriptions submitted to the Centers by individual researchers or research teams expand the view of the kinds of projects conducted and the specific conclusions drawn. A smaller number of formal reports offer similar details, as do correspondence files and meeting agendas and minutes. These last are more directly related to administrative issues, as are certain budgetary records. Conference proceedings highlight further academic proposals and findings, as do a small number of related publications or reports that were filed with the Centers' papers."],"corpname_ssim":["The Eleanor Crowder Bjoring Center for Nursing Historical Inquiry"],"names_ssim":["The Eleanor Crowder Bjoring Center for Nursing Historical Inquiry"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":63,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:55:15.948Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_8_resources_1826_c24"}},{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8677_c23_c283","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"100 Best Gay and Lesbian Novels, 1999","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_8677_c23_c283#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8677_c23_c283","ref_ssm":["viw_repositories_2_resources_8677_c23_c283"],"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8677_c23_c283","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8677","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8677","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8677_c23","parent_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8677_c23","parent_ssim":["Christopher Bram Papers, 1968/2014, bulk 1975/2000","Series 23: Correspondence"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viw_repositories_2_resources_8677","viw_repositories_2_resources_8677_c23"],"title_filing_ssi":"100 Best Gay and Lesbian Novels","title_ssm":["100 Best Gay and Lesbian Novels"],"title_tesim":["100 Best Gay and Lesbian Novels"],"normalized_title_ssm":["100 Best Gay and Lesbian Novels, 1999"],"text":["100 Best Gay and Lesbian Novels, 1999","Christopher Bram Papers, 1968/2014, bulk 1975/2000","Series 23: Correspondence","Box 41","Folder 15"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Christopher Bram Papers, 1968/2014, bulk 1975/2000","Series 23: Correspondence"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Christopher Bram Papers, 1968/2014, bulk 1975/2000","Series 23: Correspondence"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1999"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1999"],"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"component_level_isim":[2],"sort_isi":718,"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"collection_ssim":["Christopher Bram Papers, 1968/2014, bulk 1975/2000"],"containers_ssim":["Box 41","Folder 15"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Portions of this collection are restricted. Materials related to the unpublished novel \"Gunny\" may not be quoted or published without the express permission of Christopher Bram or his estate. All diaries from October 1979 until the end of Bram's life are closed during the lifetime of Draper Shreeve. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"date_range_isim":[1999],"_nest_path_":"/components#22/components#282","timestamp":"2026-08-14T23:04:22.909Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8677","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8677","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8677","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8677","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_8677.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Bram, Christopher","title_ssm":["Christopher Bram Papers"],"title_tesim":["Christopher Bram Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1968-2014","1975-2000"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1968-2014"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1975-2000"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1968/2014, bulk 1975/2000"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Christopher Bram Papers, 1968/2014, bulk 1975/2000"],"text":["Christopher Bram Papers, 1968/2014, bulk 1975/2000","Mss. 99 B73","/repositories/2/resources/8677","Authors, American--20th century","Homosexuality and art","Homosexuality--Fiction.","Artifacts","Certificates","Correspondence","Manuscripts (document genre)","Notebooks","Photographs","Postcards","Publications","Portions of this collection are restricted. Materials related to the unpublished novel \"Gunny\" may not be quoted or published without the express permission of Christopher Bram or his estate. All diaries from October 1979 until the end of Bram's life are closed during the lifetime of Draper Shreeve. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","Future accruals are expected.","The collection is arranged into 26 series: Gunny, Surprising Myself, Hold Tight, In Memory of Angel Clare, Almost History, Father of Frankenstein, Gossip, The Notorious Dr. August: His Real Life and Crimes, Lives of the Circus Animals, Exiles in America, Mapping the Territory, Eminent Outlaws, Unfinished Novels, Short Works, Works featuring Bram, Notebooks, Work of Friends, Events and Recognition, Teaching, College of William and Mary, Literary Business, Personal Papers, Correspondence, Photographs, Ephemera and Artifacts, and Audiovisual.","Novelist Christopher Bram was born on February 22, 1952 in Buffalo, New York. Raised predominantly in tidewater Virginia, Mr. Bram attended the College of William and Mary where he majored in English. As an undergraduate, he was actively involved in the Author's Guild, Omicron Delta Kappa, and served as the Editor of the literary journal, the William and Mary Review, from 1973-1974. After graduating with honors in 1974, Mr. Bram returned to the college in 1999 as a writer in residence.\n\n As a writer, Christopher Bram has published nine novels, a number of short stories and articles, as well as adapted his work into screenplays. His novels, including \"Surprising Myself (1987),\" \"Hold Tight (1988),\" \"In Memory of Angel Clare (1989),\" \"Almost History (1992),\" \"Father of Frankenstein (1995),\" \"Gossip (1997),\" \"The Notorious Dr. August: his Real Life and Crimes (2000),\" \"Lives of Circus Animals (2003),\" and \"Exiles in America (2006),\" have gained wide acclaim for addressing contemporary issues including homosexuality. He has been honored as a 2001 Guggenheim Fellow in 2003 received the Bill Whitehead Award for Lifetime Achievement. A 1998 film adaptation of Bram's novel \"Father of Frankenstein,\" entitled \"Gods and Monsters\" won an Oscar for \"Best Writing, Screenplay Based on Material in Another Medium.\" Bram has worked on a variety of screenplays including the short films \"George,\" \"Al,\" and \"Business-like.\" His short stories and articles have appeared in publications such as the New York Times Book Review, New York Native, Night and Day, Lamdba Book Report, Christopher Street, among others.\n\n Further information about this individual or organization may be available in the Special Collections Research Center Wiki: http://scdb.swem.wm.edu/wiki/index.php/Christopher_Bram","Administrative History: Novelist Christopher Bram was born on February 22, 1952 in Buffalo, New York. Raised predominantly in tidewater Virginia, Mr. Bram attended the College of William and Mary where he majored in English. As an undergraduate, he was actively involved in the Author's Guild, Omicron Delta Kappa, and served as the Editor of the literary journal, the William and Mary Review, from 1973-1974. After graduating with honors in 1974, Mr. Bram returned to the college in 1999 as a writer in residence. As a writer, Christopher Bram has published nine novels, a number of short stories and articles, as well as adapted his work into screenplays. His novels, including \"Surprising Myself (1987),\" \"Hold Tight (1988),\" \"In Memory of Angel Clare (1989),\" \"Almost History (1992),\" \"Father of Frankenstein (1995),\" \"Gossip (1997),\" \"The Notorious Dr. August: his Real Life and Crimes (2000),\" \"Lives of Circus Animals (2003),\" and \"Exiles in America (2006),\" have gained wide acclaim for addressing contemporary issues including homosexuality. He has been honored as a 2001 Guggenheim Fellow in 2003 received the Bill Whitehead Award for Lifetime Achievement. A 1998 film adaptation of Bram's novel \"Father of Frankenstein,\" entitled \"Gods and Monsters\" won an Oscar for \"Best Writing, Screenplay Based on Material in Another Medium.\" Bram has worked on a variety of screenplays including the short films \"George,\" \"Al,\" and \"Business-like.\" His short stories and articles have appeared in publications such as the New York Times Book Review, New York Native, Night and Day, Lamdba Book Report, Christopher Street, among others.","Novelist Christopher Bram was born on February 22, 1952 in Buffalo, New York. Raised predominantly in tidewater Virginia, Mr. Bram attended the College of William and Mary where he majored in English. As an undergraduate, he was actively involved in the Author's Guild, Omicron Delta Kappa, and served as the Editor of the literary journal, the William and Mary Review, from 1973-1974. After graduating with honors in 1974, Mr. Bram returned to the college in 1999 as a writer in residence.","As a writer, Christopher Bram has published nine novels, a number of short stories and articles, as well as adapted his work into screenplays. His novels, including \"Surprising Myself (1987),\" \"Hold Tight (1988),\" \"In Memory of Angel Clare (1989),\" \"Almost History (1992),\" \"Father of Frankenstein (1995),\" \"Gossip (1997),\" \"The Notorious Dr. August: his Real Life and Crimes (2000),\" \"Lives of Circus Animals (2003),\" and \"Exiles in America (2006),\" have gained wide acclaim for addressing contemporary issues including homosexuality. He has been honored as a 2001 Guggenheim Fellow in 2003 received the Bill Whitehead Award for Lifetime Achievement. A 1998 film adaptation of Bram's novel \"Father of Frankenstein,\" entitled \"Gods and Monsters\" won an Oscar for \"Best Writing, Screenplay Based on Material in Another Medium.\" Bram has worked on a variety of screenplays including the short films \"George,\" \"Al,\" and \"Business-like.\" His short stories and articles have appeared in publications such as the New York Times Book Review, New York Native, Night and Day, Lamdba Book Report, Christopher Street, among others.","Further information about this individual or organization may be available in the Special Collections Research Center Wiki: http://scdb.swem.wm.edu/wiki/index.php/Christopher_Bram","Novelist Christopher Bram was born on February 22, 1952 in Buffalo, New York. Raised predominantly in tidewater Virginia, Mr. Bram attended the College of William and Mary where he majored in English. As an undergraduate, he was actively involved in the Author's Guild, Omicron Delta Kappa, and served as the Editor of the literary journal, the William and Mary Review, from 1973-1974. After graduating with honors in 1974, Mr. Bram returned to the college in 1999 as a writer in residence. As a writer, Christopher Bram has published nine novels, a number of short stories and articles, as well as adapted his work into screenplays. His novels, including \"Surprising Myself (1987),\" \"Hold Tight (1988),\" \"In Memory of Angel Clare (1989),\" \"Almost History (1992),\" \"Father of Frankenstein (1995),\" \"Gossip (1997),\" \"The Notorious Dr. August: his Real Life and Crimes (2000),\" \"Lives of Circus Animals (2003),\" and \"Exiles in America (2006),\" have gained wide acclaim for addressing contemporary issues including homosexuality. He has been honored as a 2001 Guggenheim Fellow in 2003 received the Bill Whitehead Award for Lifetime Achievement. A 1998 film adaptation of Bram's novel \"Father of Frankenstein,\" entitled \"Gods and Monsters\" won an Oscar for \"Best Writing, Screenplay Based on Material in Another Medium.\" Bram has worked on a variety of screenplays including the short films \"George,\" \"Al,\" and \"Business-like.\" His short stories and articles have appeared in publications such as the New York Times Book Review, New York Native, Night and Day, Lamdba Book Report, Christopher Street, among others.","Processed by Antonio Bly in 2000 and Molly FitzGerald Perry 2008. Inventory added to Archon by Special Collections Student Assistant in October 2007. Acc. 2012.325 accessioned and minimally processed by Benjamin Bromley in September 2012. Acc. 2012.326 accessioned and minimally processed by Steven Bookman, University Archives Specialist, in September 2012. Acc. 2012.331 accessioned and minimally processed by Steven Bookman, University Archives Specialist, in September 2012. Acc. 2013.020 accessioned and minimally processed by Steven Bookman, University Archives Specialist, in January 2013. Acc. 2014.043 accessioned and minimally processed by Steven Bookman, University Archives Specialist, in April 2014. Collection was rehoused and fully processed by Matt Anthony, SCRC Staff, March 2015.","The Christopher Bram papers largely encompass Bram's career as a novelist and writer but also include personal papers, audiovisual material, and artifacts. The first 12 series comprise materials relating to each of the major book length works Bram has produced during his career. Series 1 contains materials relating to Bram's first novel, which remains unpublished. Subsequent series are organized chronologically by publication date. Series 13 and 14 contain Bram's shorter works, including material related to unfinished novels, as well as screenplays, short stories, and poetry. Series 15 contains works featuring Bram, including critical articles and interviews with Bram. Series 16 consists of Bram's notebooks, which contain his ideas for novels and short stories. Series 17 contains works by friends which Bram collected and, in some cases, edited. Series 18 contains materials related to events that Bram participated in, and awards and recognition which he received. Series 19 contains materials related to Bram's teaching. Series 20 contains materials related to Bram's connection with William \u0026 Mary, including materials from his undergraduate studies at William \u0026 Mary as well as his future involvement with the college as a Writer-in-Residence. Series 21 contains materials related to the literary business, including publication agreements and royalty statements. These materials retain Bram's original order, which sorted materials by the publishers he worked with throughout his career. Series 22 contains Bram's personal papers, including materials related to his high school, Boy Scouts, military service, employment, and family. This series also includes Bram's personal diaries, which are restricted during the lifetimes of Bram and his partner. Series 23 contains Bram's correspondence. This series is organized alphabetically by correspondent. Series 24 contains photographs. Series 25 contains artifacts and ephemera. Series 26 contains audiovisual materials which have also been physically separated from the rest of the collection.","Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.","Special Collections Research Center","College of William and Mary. Dept. of English","Bram, Christopher, 1952-","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Christopher Bram Papers, 1968/2014, bulk 1975/2000"],"collection_ssim":["Christopher Bram Papers, 1968/2014, bulk 1975/2000"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Mss. 99 B73","/repositories/2/resources/8677"],"unitid_tesim":["Mss. 99 B73","/repositories/2/resources/8677"],"repository_ssm":["College of William and Mary"],"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"creator_ssm":["Bram, Christopher, 1952-"],"creator_ssim":["Bram, Christopher, 1952-"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Bram, Christopher, 1952-"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","College of William and Mary. Dept. of English"],"creators_ssim":["Bram, Christopher, 1952-","Special Collections Research Center","College of William and Mary. Dept. of English"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"acqinfo_ssim":["1999-16 (1 box including correspondence, notebooks of writing while a student at the College, and memorabilia) received 5/4/1999; 2000-04 (1 box book reviews) received 1/19/2000; 2000-36 (card announcing book) received 7/2/2000; 2001-39 (2 boxes) received 9/17/2001; 2003-69 (Swem remarks) received 12/3/2003; 3 boxes received Fall 2008 (2008 addition). Acquisition information for material received after 7/13/2009 is available by consulting a Special Collections Research Center staff member."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Authors, American--20th century","Homosexuality and art","Homosexuality--Fiction.","Artifacts","Certificates","Correspondence","Manuscripts (document genre)","Notebooks","Photographs","Postcards","Publications"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Authors, American--20th century","Homosexuality and art","Homosexuality--Fiction.","Artifacts","Certificates","Correspondence","Manuscripts (document genre)","Notebooks","Photographs","Postcards","Publications"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["21.75 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["21.75 Linear Feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Artifacts","Certificates","Correspondence","Manuscripts (document genre)","Notebooks","Photographs","Postcards","Publications"],"date_range_isim":[1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePortions of this collection are restricted. Materials related to the unpublished novel \"Gunny\" may not be quoted or published without the express permission of Christopher Bram or his estate. All diaries from October 1979 until the end of Bram's life are closed during the lifetime of Draper Shreeve. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access:"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Portions of this collection are restricted. Materials related to the unpublished novel \"Gunny\" may not be quoted or published without the express permission of Christopher Bram or his estate. All diaries from October 1979 until the end of Bram's life are closed during the lifetime of Draper Shreeve. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"accruals_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFuture accruals are expected.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accruals_heading_ssm":["Accruals:"],"accruals_tesim":["Future accruals are expected."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged into 26 series: Gunny, Surprising Myself, Hold Tight, In Memory of Angel Clare, Almost History, Father of Frankenstein, Gossip, The Notorious Dr. August: His Real Life and Crimes, Lives of the Circus Animals, Exiles in America, Mapping the Territory, Eminent Outlaws, Unfinished Novels, Short Works, Works featuring Bram, Notebooks, Work of Friends, Events and Recognition, Teaching, College of William and Mary, Literary Business, Personal Papers, Correspondence, Photographs, Ephemera and Artifacts, and Audiovisual.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement of Materials:"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged into 26 series: Gunny, Surprising Myself, Hold Tight, In Memory of Angel Clare, Almost History, Father of Frankenstein, Gossip, The Notorious Dr. August: His Real Life and Crimes, Lives of the Circus Animals, Exiles in America, Mapping the Territory, Eminent Outlaws, Unfinished Novels, Short Works, Works featuring Bram, Notebooks, Work of Friends, Events and Recognition, Teaching, College of William and Mary, Literary Business, Personal Papers, Correspondence, Photographs, Ephemera and Artifacts, and Audiovisual."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cbioghist altrender=\"Biographical Information\" encodinganalog=\"545$a\"\u003e  Novelist Christopher Bram was born on February 22, 1952 in Buffalo, New York. Raised predominantly in tidewater Virginia, Mr. Bram attended the College of William and Mary where he majored in English. As an undergraduate, he was actively involved in the Author's Guild, Omicron Delta Kappa, and served as the Editor of the literary journal, the William and Mary Review, from 1973-1974. After graduating with honors in 1974, Mr. Bram returned to the college in 1999 as a writer in residence.\n\n As a writer, Christopher Bram has published nine novels, a number of short stories and articles, as well as adapted his work into screenplays. His novels, including \"Surprising Myself (1987),\" \"Hold Tight (1988),\" \"In Memory of Angel Clare (1989),\" \"Almost History (1992),\" \"Father of Frankenstein (1995),\" \"Gossip (1997),\" \"The Notorious Dr. August: his Real Life and Crimes (2000),\" \"Lives of Circus Animals (2003),\" and \"Exiles in America (2006),\" have gained wide acclaim for addressing contemporary issues including homosexuality. He has been honored as a 2001 Guggenheim Fellow in 2003 received the Bill Whitehead Award for Lifetime Achievement. A 1998 film adaptation of Bram's novel \"Father of Frankenstein,\" entitled \"Gods and Monsters\" won an Oscar for \"Best Writing, Screenplay Based on Material in Another Medium.\" Bram has worked on a variety of screenplays including the short films \"George,\" \"Al,\" and \"Business-like.\" His short stories and articles have appeared in publications such as the New York Times Book Review, New York Native, Night and Day, Lamdba Book Report, Christopher Street, among others.\n\n Further information about this individual or organization may be available in the Special Collections Research Center Wiki: http://scdb.swem.wm.edu/wiki/index.php/Christopher_Bram\n\n \u003c/bioghist\u003e ","\u003cbioghist altrender=\"Administrative History\" encodinganalog=\"545$b\"\u003e \u003chead\u003eAdministrative History:\u003c/head\u003e Novelist Christopher Bram was born on February 22, 1952 in Buffalo, New York. Raised predominantly in tidewater Virginia, Mr. Bram attended the College of William and Mary where he majored in English. As an undergraduate, he was actively involved in the Author's Guild, Omicron Delta Kappa, and served as the Editor of the literary journal, the William and Mary Review, from 1973-1974. After graduating with honors in 1974, Mr. Bram returned to the college in 1999 as a writer in residence. As a writer, Christopher Bram has published nine novels, a number of short stories and articles, as well as adapted his work into screenplays. His novels, including \"Surprising Myself (1987),\" \"Hold Tight (1988),\" \"In Memory of Angel Clare (1989),\" \"Almost History (1992),\" \"Father of Frankenstein (1995),\" \"Gossip (1997),\" \"The Notorious Dr. August: his Real Life and Crimes (2000),\" \"Lives of Circus Animals (2003),\" and \"Exiles in America (2006),\" have gained wide acclaim for addressing contemporary issues including homosexuality. He has been honored as a 2001 Guggenheim Fellow in 2003 received the Bill Whitehead Award for Lifetime Achievement. A 1998 film adaptation of Bram's novel \"Father of Frankenstein,\" entitled \"Gods and Monsters\" won an Oscar for \"Best Writing, Screenplay Based on Material in Another Medium.\" Bram has worked on a variety of screenplays including the short films \"George,\" \"Al,\" and \"Business-like.\" His short stories and articles have appeared in publications such as the New York Times Book Review, New York Native, Night and Day, Lamdba Book Report, Christopher Street, among others.\n\n \u003c/bioghist\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eNovelist Christopher Bram was born on February 22, 1952 in Buffalo, New York. Raised predominantly in tidewater Virginia, Mr. Bram attended the College of William and Mary where he majored in English. As an undergraduate, he was actively involved in the Author's Guild, Omicron Delta Kappa, and served as the Editor of the literary journal, the William and Mary Review, from 1973-1974. After graduating with honors in 1974, Mr. Bram returned to the college in 1999 as a writer in residence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e As a writer, Christopher Bram has published nine novels, a number of short stories and articles, as well as adapted his work into screenplays. His novels, including \"Surprising Myself (1987),\" \"Hold Tight (1988),\" \"In Memory of Angel Clare (1989),\" \"Almost History (1992),\" \"Father of Frankenstein (1995),\" \"Gossip (1997),\" \"The Notorious Dr. August: his Real Life and Crimes (2000),\" \"Lives of Circus Animals (2003),\" and \"Exiles in America (2006),\" have gained wide acclaim for addressing contemporary issues including homosexuality. He has been honored as a 2001 Guggenheim Fellow in 2003 received the Bill Whitehead Award for Lifetime Achievement. A 1998 film adaptation of Bram's novel \"Father of Frankenstein,\" entitled \"Gods and Monsters\" won an Oscar for \"Best Writing, Screenplay Based on Material in Another Medium.\" Bram has worked on a variety of screenplays including the short films \"George,\" \"Al,\" and \"Business-like.\" His short stories and articles have appeared in publications such as the New York Times Book Review, New York Native, Night and Day, Lamdba Book Report, Christopher Street, among others.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Further information about this individual or organization may be available in the Special Collections Research Center Wiki: http://scdb.swem.wm.edu/wiki/index.php/Christopher_Bram\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eNovelist Christopher Bram was born on February 22, 1952 in Buffalo, New York. Raised predominantly in tidewater Virginia, Mr. Bram attended the College of William and Mary where he majored in English. As an undergraduate, he was actively involved in the Author's Guild, Omicron Delta Kappa, and served as the Editor of the literary journal, the William and Mary Review, from 1973-1974. After graduating with honors in 1974, Mr. Bram returned to the college in 1999 as a writer in residence. As a writer, Christopher Bram has published nine novels, a number of short stories and articles, as well as adapted his work into screenplays. His novels, including \"Surprising Myself (1987),\" \"Hold Tight (1988),\" \"In Memory of Angel Clare (1989),\" \"Almost History (1992),\" \"Father of Frankenstein (1995),\" \"Gossip (1997),\" \"The Notorious Dr. August: his Real Life and Crimes (2000),\" \"Lives of Circus Animals (2003),\" and \"Exiles in America (2006),\" have gained wide acclaim for addressing contemporary issues including homosexuality. He has been honored as a 2001 Guggenheim Fellow in 2003 received the Bill Whitehead Award for Lifetime Achievement. A 1998 film adaptation of Bram's novel \"Father of Frankenstein,\" entitled \"Gods and Monsters\" won an Oscar for \"Best Writing, Screenplay Based on Material in Another Medium.\" Bram has worked on a variety of screenplays including the short films \"George,\" \"Al,\" and \"Business-like.\" His short stories and articles have appeared in publications such as the New York Times Book Review, New York Native, Night and Day, Lamdba Book Report, Christopher Street, among others.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical","Biographical Information:","Administrative History:"],"bioghist_tesim":["Novelist Christopher Bram was born on February 22, 1952 in Buffalo, New York. Raised predominantly in tidewater Virginia, Mr. Bram attended the College of William and Mary where he majored in English. As an undergraduate, he was actively involved in the Author's Guild, Omicron Delta Kappa, and served as the Editor of the literary journal, the William and Mary Review, from 1973-1974. After graduating with honors in 1974, Mr. Bram returned to the college in 1999 as a writer in residence.\n\n As a writer, Christopher Bram has published nine novels, a number of short stories and articles, as well as adapted his work into screenplays. His novels, including \"Surprising Myself (1987),\" \"Hold Tight (1988),\" \"In Memory of Angel Clare (1989),\" \"Almost History (1992),\" \"Father of Frankenstein (1995),\" \"Gossip (1997),\" \"The Notorious Dr. August: his Real Life and Crimes (2000),\" \"Lives of Circus Animals (2003),\" and \"Exiles in America (2006),\" have gained wide acclaim for addressing contemporary issues including homosexuality. He has been honored as a 2001 Guggenheim Fellow in 2003 received the Bill Whitehead Award for Lifetime Achievement. A 1998 film adaptation of Bram's novel \"Father of Frankenstein,\" entitled \"Gods and Monsters\" won an Oscar for \"Best Writing, Screenplay Based on Material in Another Medium.\" Bram has worked on a variety of screenplays including the short films \"George,\" \"Al,\" and \"Business-like.\" His short stories and articles have appeared in publications such as the New York Times Book Review, New York Native, Night and Day, Lamdba Book Report, Christopher Street, among others.\n\n Further information about this individual or organization may be available in the Special Collections Research Center Wiki: http://scdb.swem.wm.edu/wiki/index.php/Christopher_Bram","Administrative History: Novelist Christopher Bram was born on February 22, 1952 in Buffalo, New York. Raised predominantly in tidewater Virginia, Mr. Bram attended the College of William and Mary where he majored in English. As an undergraduate, he was actively involved in the Author's Guild, Omicron Delta Kappa, and served as the Editor of the literary journal, the William and Mary Review, from 1973-1974. After graduating with honors in 1974, Mr. Bram returned to the college in 1999 as a writer in residence. As a writer, Christopher Bram has published nine novels, a number of short stories and articles, as well as adapted his work into screenplays. His novels, including \"Surprising Myself (1987),\" \"Hold Tight (1988),\" \"In Memory of Angel Clare (1989),\" \"Almost History (1992),\" \"Father of Frankenstein (1995),\" \"Gossip (1997),\" \"The Notorious Dr. August: his Real Life and Crimes (2000),\" \"Lives of Circus Animals (2003),\" and \"Exiles in America (2006),\" have gained wide acclaim for addressing contemporary issues including homosexuality. He has been honored as a 2001 Guggenheim Fellow in 2003 received the Bill Whitehead Award for Lifetime Achievement. A 1998 film adaptation of Bram's novel \"Father of Frankenstein,\" entitled \"Gods and Monsters\" won an Oscar for \"Best Writing, Screenplay Based on Material in Another Medium.\" Bram has worked on a variety of screenplays including the short films \"George,\" \"Al,\" and \"Business-like.\" His short stories and articles have appeared in publications such as the New York Times Book Review, New York Native, Night and Day, Lamdba Book Report, Christopher Street, among others.","Novelist Christopher Bram was born on February 22, 1952 in Buffalo, New York. Raised predominantly in tidewater Virginia, Mr. Bram attended the College of William and Mary where he majored in English. As an undergraduate, he was actively involved in the Author's Guild, Omicron Delta Kappa, and served as the Editor of the literary journal, the William and Mary Review, from 1973-1974. After graduating with honors in 1974, Mr. Bram returned to the college in 1999 as a writer in residence.","As a writer, Christopher Bram has published nine novels, a number of short stories and articles, as well as adapted his work into screenplays. His novels, including \"Surprising Myself (1987),\" \"Hold Tight (1988),\" \"In Memory of Angel Clare (1989),\" \"Almost History (1992),\" \"Father of Frankenstein (1995),\" \"Gossip (1997),\" \"The Notorious Dr. August: his Real Life and Crimes (2000),\" \"Lives of Circus Animals (2003),\" and \"Exiles in America (2006),\" have gained wide acclaim for addressing contemporary issues including homosexuality. He has been honored as a 2001 Guggenheim Fellow in 2003 received the Bill Whitehead Award for Lifetime Achievement. A 1998 film adaptation of Bram's novel \"Father of Frankenstein,\" entitled \"Gods and Monsters\" won an Oscar for \"Best Writing, Screenplay Based on Material in Another Medium.\" Bram has worked on a variety of screenplays including the short films \"George,\" \"Al,\" and \"Business-like.\" His short stories and articles have appeared in publications such as the New York Times Book Review, New York Native, Night and Day, Lamdba Book Report, Christopher Street, among others.","Further information about this individual or organization may be available in the Special Collections Research Center Wiki: http://scdb.swem.wm.edu/wiki/index.php/Christopher_Bram","Novelist Christopher Bram was born on February 22, 1952 in Buffalo, New York. Raised predominantly in tidewater Virginia, Mr. Bram attended the College of William and Mary where he majored in English. As an undergraduate, he was actively involved in the Author's Guild, Omicron Delta Kappa, and served as the Editor of the literary journal, the William and Mary Review, from 1973-1974. After graduating with honors in 1974, Mr. Bram returned to the college in 1999 as a writer in residence. As a writer, Christopher Bram has published nine novels, a number of short stories and articles, as well as adapted his work into screenplays. His novels, including \"Surprising Myself (1987),\" \"Hold Tight (1988),\" \"In Memory of Angel Clare (1989),\" \"Almost History (1992),\" \"Father of Frankenstein (1995),\" \"Gossip (1997),\" \"The Notorious Dr. August: his Real Life and Crimes (2000),\" \"Lives of Circus Animals (2003),\" and \"Exiles in America (2006),\" have gained wide acclaim for addressing contemporary issues including homosexuality. He has been honored as a 2001 Guggenheim Fellow in 2003 received the Bill Whitehead Award for Lifetime Achievement. A 1998 film adaptation of Bram's novel \"Father of Frankenstein,\" entitled \"Gods and Monsters\" won an Oscar for \"Best Writing, Screenplay Based on Material in Another Medium.\" Bram has worked on a variety of screenplays including the short films \"George,\" \"Al,\" and \"Business-like.\" His short stories and articles have appeared in publications such as the New York Times Book Review, New York Native, Night and Day, Lamdba Book Report, Christopher Street, among others."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eChristopher Bram Papers, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Christopher Bram Papers, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed by Antonio Bly in 2000 and Molly FitzGerald Perry 2008. Inventory added to Archon by Special Collections Student Assistant in October 2007. Acc. 2012.325 accessioned and minimally processed by Benjamin Bromley in September 2012. Acc. 2012.326 accessioned and minimally processed by Steven Bookman, University Archives Specialist, in September 2012. Acc. 2012.331 accessioned and minimally processed by Steven Bookman, University Archives Specialist, in September 2012. Acc. 2013.020 accessioned and minimally processed by Steven Bookman, University Archives Specialist, in January 2013. Acc. 2014.043 accessioned and minimally processed by Steven Bookman, University Archives Specialist, in April 2014. Collection was rehoused and fully processed by Matt Anthony, SCRC Staff, March 2015.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information:"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed by Antonio Bly in 2000 and Molly FitzGerald Perry 2008. Inventory added to Archon by Special Collections Student Assistant in October 2007. Acc. 2012.325 accessioned and minimally processed by Benjamin Bromley in September 2012. Acc. 2012.326 accessioned and minimally processed by Steven Bookman, University Archives Specialist, in September 2012. Acc. 2012.331 accessioned and minimally processed by Steven Bookman, University Archives Specialist, in September 2012. Acc. 2013.020 accessioned and minimally processed by Steven Bookman, University Archives Specialist, in January 2013. Acc. 2014.043 accessioned and minimally processed by Steven Bookman, University Archives Specialist, in April 2014. Collection was rehoused and fully processed by Matt Anthony, SCRC Staff, March 2015."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Christopher Bram papers largely encompass Bram's career as a novelist and writer but also include personal papers, audiovisual material, and artifacts. The first 12 series comprise materials relating to each of the major book length works Bram has produced during his career. Series 1 contains materials relating to Bram's first novel, which remains unpublished. Subsequent series are organized chronologically by publication date. Series 13 and 14 contain Bram's shorter works, including material related to unfinished novels, as well as screenplays, short stories, and poetry. Series 15 contains works featuring Bram, including critical articles and interviews with Bram. Series 16 consists of Bram's notebooks, which contain his ideas for novels and short stories. Series 17 contains works by friends which Bram collected and, in some cases, edited. Series 18 contains materials related to events that Bram participated in, and awards and recognition which he received. Series 19 contains materials related to Bram's teaching. Series 20 contains materials related to Bram's connection with William \u0026amp; Mary, including materials from his undergraduate studies at William \u0026amp; Mary as well as his future involvement with the college as a Writer-in-Residence. Series 21 contains materials related to the literary business, including publication agreements and royalty statements. These materials retain Bram's original order, which sorted materials by the publishers he worked with throughout his career. Series 22 contains Bram's personal papers, including materials related to his high school, Boy Scouts, military service, employment, and family. This series also includes Bram's personal diaries, which are restricted during the lifetimes of Bram and his partner. Series 23 contains Bram's correspondence. This series is organized alphabetically by correspondent. Series 24 contains photographs. Series 25 contains artifacts and ephemera. Series 26 contains audiovisual materials which have also been physically separated from the rest of the collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Christopher Bram papers largely encompass Bram's career as a novelist and writer but also include personal papers, audiovisual material, and artifacts. The first 12 series comprise materials relating to each of the major book length works Bram has produced during his career. Series 1 contains materials relating to Bram's first novel, which remains unpublished. Subsequent series are organized chronologically by publication date. Series 13 and 14 contain Bram's shorter works, including material related to unfinished novels, as well as screenplays, short stories, and poetry. Series 15 contains works featuring Bram, including critical articles and interviews with Bram. Series 16 consists of Bram's notebooks, which contain his ideas for novels and short stories. Series 17 contains works by friends which Bram collected and, in some cases, edited. Series 18 contains materials related to events that Bram participated in, and awards and recognition which he received. Series 19 contains materials related to Bram's teaching. Series 20 contains materials related to Bram's connection with William \u0026 Mary, including materials from his undergraduate studies at William \u0026 Mary as well as his future involvement with the college as a Writer-in-Residence. Series 21 contains materials related to the literary business, including publication agreements and royalty statements. These materials retain Bram's original order, which sorted materials by the publishers he worked with throughout his career. Series 22 contains Bram's personal papers, including materials related to his high school, Boy Scouts, military service, employment, and family. This series also includes Bram's personal diaries, which are restricted during the lifetimes of Bram and his partner. Series 23 contains Bram's correspondence. This series is organized alphabetically by correspondent. Series 24 contains photographs. Series 25 contains artifacts and ephemera. Series 26 contains audiovisual materials which have also been physically separated from the rest of the collection."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use:"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","College of William and Mary. Dept. of English"],"names_coll_ssim":["College of William and Mary. Dept. of English"],"persname_ssim":["Bram, Christopher, 1952-"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","College of William and Mary. Dept. of English","Bram, Christopher, 1952-"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":747,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T23:04:22.909Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_8677_c23_c283"}},{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_367_c05_c01_c980","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"100th Anniversary Nobel Prizes in 1901 - \"Nobel Jubilee 2001\", 1999/2001","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_367_c05_c01_c980#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_367_c05_c01_c980","ref_ssm":["vifgm_repositories_2_resources_367_c05_c01_c980"],"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_367_c05_c01_c980","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_367","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_367","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_367_c05_c01","parent_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_367_c05_c01","parent_ssim":["James M. Buchanan papers, 1800/2014","Series 5: Professional service, 1958/2013","Subseries 1: Conferences and events, 1958/2013"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vifgm_repositories_2_resources_367","vifgm_repositories_2_resources_367_c05","vifgm_repositories_2_resources_367_c05_c01"],"title_filing_ssi":"100th Anniversary Nobel Prizes in 1901 - \"Nobel Jubilee 2001\"","title_ssm":["100th Anniversary Nobel Prizes in 1901 - \"Nobel Jubilee 2001\""],"title_tesim":["100th Anniversary Nobel Prizes in 1901 - \"Nobel Jubilee 2001\""],"normalized_title_ssm":["100th Anniversary Nobel Prizes in 1901 - \"Nobel Jubilee 2001\", 1999/2001"],"text":["100th Anniversary Nobel Prizes in 1901 - \"Nobel Jubilee 2001\", 1999/2001","James M. Buchanan papers, 1800/2014","Series 5: Professional service, 1958/2013","Subseries 1: Conferences and events, 1958/2013","box 318","folder 7"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["James M. Buchanan papers, 1800/2014","Series 5: Professional service, 1958/2013","Subseries 1: Conferences and events, 1958/2013"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["James M. Buchanan papers, 1800/2014","Series 5: Professional service, 1958/2013","Subseries 1: Conferences and events, 1958/2013"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1999/2001"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1999-2001"],"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"component_level_isim":[3],"sort_isi":5317,"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"collection_ssim":["James M. Buchanan papers, 1800/2014"],"containers_ssim":["box 318","folder 7"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Certain materials in the collection are restricted due to FERPA requirements and personally identifiable information. Letters of recommendation are restricted for 40 years from creation. Please see inventory for details.","Most of the materials in Series 9 were digitized. Please reach out to SCRC to access these materials.","There are no other access restrictions.","All If your request requires more research support, we recommend hiring someone to assist you on-site. Remote digitization requests will be evaluated based on the material content and our ability to provide copies."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"date_range_isim":[1999,2000,2001],"_nest_path_":"/components#4/components#0/components#979","timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:34:42.576Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_367","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_367","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_367","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_367","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_367.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"C0246","title_ssm":["James M. Buchanan papers"],"title_tesim":["James M. Buchanan papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["circa 1800s, 1930-2014"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1800s, 1930-2014"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1800/2014"],"normalized_title_ssm":["James M. Buchanan papers, 1800/2014"],"text":["James M. Buchanan papers, 1800/2014","C0246","/repositories/2/resources/367","Economics","Economists -- United States","Nobel Prize winners","Social choice","Correspondence","Manuscripts","Typescripts","Video recordings","Certain materials in the collection are restricted due to FERPA requirements and personally identifiable information. Letters of recommendation are restricted for 40 years from creation. Please see inventory for details.","Most of the materials in Series 9 were digitized. Please reach out to SCRC to access these materials.","There are no other access restrictions.","All If your request requires more research support, we recommend hiring someone to assist you on-site. Remote digitization requests will be evaluated based on the material content and our ability to provide copies.","The collection is arranged in nine series.","Series\n      Series 1: Biographical materials\n      Series 2: Correspondence\n      Series 3: Writings\n      Series 4: Academia\n      Series 5: Professional service\n      Series 6: Betty Tillman papers\n      Series 7: Jo Ann Burgess papers\n      Series 8: Writings by others\n      Series 9: Audiovisual and born-digital materials","James McGill Buchanan, Jr. was born on October 3, 1919 in Gum, Tennessee to Lila Scott (1889-1953) and James McGill Buchanan, Sr. (1888-1979). He had two younger sisters, Lila Scott Buchanan Graue (1922-2020) and Elizabeth Bradley. His paternal grandfather, John P. Buchanan (1847-1930), was a one-term governor of Tennessee from 1891 to 1893. James M. Buchanan attended Buchanan High School. He triple-majored in English, mathematics, and economics at Middle Tennessee State University from 1936 to 1940. He received a Master's of the Arts in economics from the University of Tennessee, Knoxville in 1941. Buchanan then attended the Naval War College and served on the operations staff of Admiral Chester W. Nimitz from 1941 to 1945. In that role, he was stationed in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, and Guam. He met his wife, Ann Bakke (August 21, 1909-November 14, 2005) in 1943. She was born in Jamestown, North Dakota. She served with the Army Air Transport Command at Hickham Field, Oahu. In 1945 the couple married in San Francisco, California.","From 1946 to 1948 Buchanan attended the University of Chicago, where he graduated with a Ph.D. in economics. After graduation, he taught at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville as an associate professor from 1948 to 1951, and then as a full professor at Florida State University, Tallahassee from 1951 to 1956. In 1955 he was awarded a Fulbright fellowship to study in Italy for a year. In 1956 he was hired at the University of Virginia as the chair of the economics department. It was there that he co-founded the Thomas Jefferson Center for Studies in Political Economy in 1958. That same year, he published Public Principles of Public Debt. In 1962, Buchanan and co-author Gordon Tullock published The Calculus of Consent.","Buchanan worked at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) for one academic year (1968-1969) as a professor of economics. In 1969 he was hired at Virginia Polytechnic Institute (VPI, now known as Virginia Tech), as a University Distinguished Professor. He became general director of the Center for Study of Public Choice, the successor institution to the Thomas Jefferson Center for Political Economy. Buchanan continued to publish books during his time at VPI, including Cost and Choice (1969), Academia in Anarchy with Nicos Devletoglou (1970), The Limits of Liberty (1975), and The Power to Tax with Geoffrey Brennan (1980).","In 1983, Buchanan and the Center for the Study of Public Choice moved from VPI to George Mason University in Fairfax, Virginia. After the move, he split his time between Fairfax and his farm in Blacksburg, Virginia. In 1986, Buchanan was awarded the Nobel Memorial Prize in economics. While at Mason, he published The Reason of Rules (1985), Better than Plowing (1992), and Politics by Principle, Not Interest with Roger Congleton (1998). He formally retired from Mason in September 1999 but continued to work both at Mason and Virginia Tech until his death on January 9, 2013.","Buchanan was known for his contribution to the field of public choice, which uses economic principles to analyze the rules and actions of government and public sector. It was this theory which led to his Nobel award.","Born on March 19, 1927, Betty Jane Hall Tillman (also known as Betty Ross from 1977 to 1984) received an associate's degree from The Jefferson School of Commerce at Charlottesville, Virginia in 1945. She worked for Buchanan at the University of Virginia from August 14, 1961 to August 1969, at VPI from September 1, 1969 to June 1983, and at George Mason University from July 1, 1983 until her retirement in April 2007. Tillman had multiple responsibilities including handling Buchanan's correspondence, scheduling his events, coordinating Liberty Fund conferences, organizing activities at the Center for Study of Public Choice, and assisting graduate students and faculty associated with the Center. At the time of her retirement her position was administrative director of the Center for Study of Public Choice. She had three children. Tillman died on October 2, 2013.","Jo Ann Burgess was born on June 27, 1948. She began work at the Center for the Study of Public Choice at George Mason University in 1989. Previously, Burgess lived around the world working for the State Department and the U.S military. She had four children with her husband, Roger. Burgess had many varied responsibilities at the Center including organizing Buchanan's archival papers, and administrative duties for the Public Choice Society. She edited Buchanan's published work in the 1990s and 2000s, including editing The Collected Works of James Buchanan and The Selected Works of Gordon Tullock for the Liberty Fund. After Tillman's retirement, Burgess took on additional responsibilities related to handling Buchanan's correspondence and scheduling, and additional administrative duties at the Center. Burgess retired in the summer of 2014. She died on March 19, 2020.","This collection was processed by Rebecca Thayer as part of a National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH) grant project from March 2021 to March 2023.","Initial processing of the collection was begun after James M. Buchanan's death in 2013, while the papers were at Buchanan House (also known as Roberts House), where the offices of Buchanan, Betty Tillman, Jo Ann Burgess, and the Center for Study of Public Choice were then located. Processing at this time was done by Greta Suiter, then-Processing Coordinator at the Special Collections Research Center (SCRC), and Solomon Stein, then-economics PhD student at Mason. Stein and Suiter established an initial arrangement scheme and began foldering and sorting materials accordingly. Elizabeth Beckman, then-Processing Coordinator, continued arrangement and refoldering work alongside Stein at Buchanan House from 2014 to 2016. 145 linear feet of materials were ultimately arranged during this time. The following series were created: Correspondence, Academic (Subseries: Courses taken and Courses taught), Conferences (Subseries: Conferences attended and Conferences held), Writings, Articles Read, and Administrative.","Materials were boxed up and brought to Fenwick in Spring 2017. Beckman completed EAD markup of a preliminary finding aid with the processed materials in June 2017. Processing was paused in 2017 to apply for a NEH grant to hire a dedicated processing archivist. The grant was approved to start in 2020 but was delayed for several months due to the COVID-19 pandemic.","Rebecca Thayer was hired in March 2021 to process the collection. She surveyed the arranged part of the collection (145 linear feet) and the unprocessed part (147 linear feet) to create a processing plan. This plan included adjustments to the original arrangement scheme based on material in the unprocessed section of the papers. A large number of the eventual Jo Ann Burgess papers series materials were in the unprocessed section of the collection, although the unprocessed section did contain materials from all series.","The prior arrangement scheme did not preserve Tillman and Burgess' files as discrete series, so it is likely that some materials created by Tillman or Burgess were dispersed into the various other series. Some materials in the correspondence series especially which were obviously correspondence involving only Tillman, Burgess, or Ann Bakke Buchanan, were removed to their respective series and subseries. However, Thayer did not attempt a systematic review of materials in other series such as Professional Services and Academia in order to separate out Tillman and Burgess-created files from Buchanan-created files. This has resulted in some significant overlap between those series and the Betty Tillman papers and Jo Ann Burgess papers series. This does reflect the significant overlap in work responsibilities of Tillman, Burgess, Buchanan, and the Center as seen in the materials.","Processors prior to the NEH grant appear to have filed out materials that were originally grouped in large miscellaneous folders. Buchanan, Tillman, and Burgess do not seem to have created many files with only one or two emails or letters, preferring larger bulk folders. However, in the collection there are now many individual folders with correspondents that seem to have been created from larger files. No additional filing out of material was done under the NEH grant.","Thayer arranged the unprocessed materials and reprocessed the previously arranged materials, combining the two. Mason Graduate Research Assistant Rachel Barton and undergraduate assistants Colin McDonald and Vilma Chicas Garcia assisted with arrangement, reboxing, and inventory creation. Amanda Menjivar, Manuscripts and Archives Librarian, assisted with finding aid data entry and publishing.","The James M. Buchanan papers largely consist of correspondence, writings, and administrative files created between the years 1930-2014. The collection contains 9 series.","Series 1: Biographical materials (circa 1800s, 1944-2012) contains information about James M. Buchanan's life and career. It is further divided into four subseries. Subseries 1.1: Ann Bakke Buchanan papers contains materials created by Ann Bakke Buchanan, James M. Buchanan's wife. Materials include correspondence, recipe cards, notebooks, calendars, and photographs. Some of the correspondence is in Norwegian, and some addressed to both James and Ann as a couple. Subseries 1.2: Awards contains newspapers clippings, congratulatory letters, photographs, and memorabilia relating to awards Buchanan received during his career. The majority of the materials relate to the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics. Subseries 1.3: Education contains study notes, essays, syllabi, and research notes from Buchanan's education, mostly from his PhD study at the University of Chicago. Subseries 1.4: Clippings contains newspaper and magazine clippings about Buchanan, including articles about his work, interviews, and reports on events he attended.","Series 2: Correspondence (1951-2014) contains letters, emails, memoranda, cards, and other forms of written communication, mostly dealing with Buchanan's professional career. Subseries 2.1: Alphabetical correspondence contains the bulk of the correspondence, filed alphabetically by correspondent, subject, or name of an organization. Subseries 2.2: Chronological correspondence is a small amount of unrelated correspondence that was grouped together in date ranges, likely by either Buchanan himself, or his assistants Betty Tillman and Jo Ann Burgess.","Series 3: Writings (1946-2012) contains drafts, typescripts, photocopies, notes, and reprints of Buchanan's books, articles, speaking lectures, and unpublished material. There are also research files relating to some of his writing projects, and some correspondence with publishers, coauthors, and reviewers.","Series 4: Academia (1946-2013) contains correspondence, reports, planning documents, and grant files relating to Buchanan's work at various universities, primarily University of Virginia, Virginia Polytechnic Institute (now Virginia Tech), and George Mason University. Subseries 4.1: Administration contains reports, memoranda, correspondence, photographs, calendars, and planning documents relating to department and university business. Subseries 4.2: Teaching contains lecture notes, drafts, syllabi, exams, and readings relating to classes taught by Buchanan over the course of his career. Subseries 4.3: Grants contains correspondence and applications for grant projects undertaken by Buchanan and collaborators. Subseries 4.4: Thomas Jefferson Center for Studies in Political Economy contains annual reports, photographs, and correspondence from the University of Virginia's Thomas Jefferson Center, which was active from 1958 to 1968. Subseries 4.5: Center for Study of Public Choice contains annual reports, conference information, grants, planning documents, board meeting minutes, and correspondence relating to the Center, an academic unit at Virginia Polytechnic Institute from 1968 to 1983 and at George Mason University from 1983 onwards.","Series 5: Professional Service (1958-2013) This series contains materials relating to Buchanan's professional activities outside of his university responsibilities. Subseries 5.1: Conferences and events contains correspondence, schedules, planning documents, papers and lecture notes, and travel documents from conferences, speaking engagements, and other events attended by Buchanan during his career. Subseries 5.2: Consulting and organizations contains annual reports and correspondence relating to Buchanan's work with various organizations outside of his work as a university professor.","Series 6: Betty Tillman papers (1968-2008) contains files created by Betty Tillman, administrative assistant to Buchanan and administrative director of the Center for Study of Public Choice. Subseries 6.1: Correspondence contains letters, emails, memoranda, and cards sent and received by Tillman. Subseries 6.2: Office administration contains planning documents, organizational files, and other materials relating to Tillman's handling of Buchanan's and Center for the Study of Public Choice office functions. Subseries 6.3: Conferences, events and travel contains correspondence, calendars, schedules, and travel documents relating to events attended by Buchanan, coordinated by Tillman. It also contains materials created by Tillman as the conference coordinator for the Liberty Fund and Center conferences and events.","Series 7: Jo Ann Burgess papers (1972-2014) contains files created by Jo Ann Burgess, administrative assistant and editor to Buchanan and secretary for the Public Choice Society. Subseries 7.1: Correspondence contains emails, letters, cards, notes, and memoranda, both personal and relating to Burgess' work with Buchanan and the Center for Study of Public Choice. Subseries 7.2: Office administration contains correspondence, calendars, notes, program files, and edited drafts created as part of Burgess' duties working for the Center for Study of Public Choice and as an assistant to Buchanan. Subseries 7.3: Liberty Fund editorial work contains planning documents, correspondence, and drafts created as part of Burgess' work editing The Collected Works of James M. Buchanan and The Selected Works of Gordon Tullock on behalf of the Liberty Fund. Subseries 7.4: Public Choice Society contains correspondence, conference planning documents, and administrative files created as part of Burgess' work as the secretary of the Public Choice Society, a professional organization.","Series 8: Writings by others (1930-2014) contains articles, book drafts, and other writings by authors other than Buchanan. Some materials have notes and annotations. Some writings are about Buchanan and his ideas.","Series 9: Audiovisual and born-digital materials (circa 1970s-2013) contains audiocassettes, videotapes, CDs, DVDs, floppy disks, and associated paper materials. Topics include recordings of the Nobel ceremony and press coverage; interviews and lectures by Buchanan and others and Center for Study of Public Choice events.","The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)","The James M. Buchanan papers consist of materials created primarily by economist James M. Buchanan (1919-2013) from the years 1936-2014. There are also materials created by the Center for Study of Public Choice, an academic unit associated with Virginia Tech (1969-1983) and George Mason University (1983-). The papers document Buchanan's career and academic output, primarily in the field of public choice economics and political economy.","R 101 - 102\n\nOS R 1, C 3, S 3-5\nMap Case 24.1","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","George Mason University. Center for Study of Public Choice","Public Choice Society","Buchanan, Ann Bakke","Buchanan, James M.","Burgess, Jo Ann S.","Tillman, Betty H.","The bulk of the materials are in English. Additional languages in the collection include German, Italian, French, Spanish, Norwegian, Dutch, Turkish, Japanese, Korean, and Chinese."],"collection_title_tesim":["James M. Buchanan papers, 1800/2014"],"collection_ssim":["James M. Buchanan papers, 1800/2014"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0246","/repositories/2/resources/367"],"unitid_tesim":["C0246","/repositories/2/resources/367"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"creator_ssm":["Buchanan, Ann Bakke","Buchanan, James M.","Burgess, Jo Ann S.","Tillman, Betty H."],"creator_ssim":["Buchanan, Ann Bakke","Buchanan, James M.","Burgess, Jo Ann S.","Tillman, Betty H."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Buchanan, Ann Bakke","Buchanan, James M.","Burgess, Jo Ann S.","Tillman, Betty H."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","George Mason University. Center for Study of Public Choice","Public Choice Society"],"creators_ssim":["Buchanan, Ann Bakke","Buchanan, James M.","Burgess, Jo Ann S.","Tillman, Betty H.","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","George Mason University. Center for Study of Public Choice","Public Choice Society"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Acquired by George Mason University Special Collections Research Center in September 2016. Additional materials acquired in April 2021."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Economics","Economists -- United States","Nobel Prize winners","Social choice","Correspondence","Manuscripts","Typescripts","Video recordings"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Economics","Economists -- United States","Nobel Prize winners","Social choice","Correspondence","Manuscripts","Typescripts","Video recordings"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["270 Linear Feet 546 boxes, one map case"],"extent_tesim":["270 Linear Feet 546 boxes, one map case"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence","Manuscripts","Typescripts","Video recordings"],"date_range_isim":[1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\nCertain materials in the collection are restricted due to FERPA requirements and personally identifiable information. Letters of recommendation are restricted for 40 years from creation. Please see inventory for details.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMost of the materials in Series 9 were digitized. Please reach out to SCRC to access these materials.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThere are no other access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAll If your request requires more research support, we recommend hiring someone to assist you on-site. Remote digitization requests will be evaluated based on the material content and our ability to provide copies.\u003c/p\u003e\n  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Certain materials in the collection are restricted due to FERPA requirements and personally identifiable information. Letters of recommendation are restricted for 40 years from creation. Please see inventory for details.","Most of the materials in Series 9 were digitized. Please reach out to SCRC to access these materials.","There are no other access restrictions.","All If your request requires more research support, we recommend hiring someone to assist you on-site. Remote digitization requests will be evaluated based on the material content and our ability to provide copies."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged in nine series.\u003c/p\u003e    ","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003chead\u003eSeries\u003c/head\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 1: Biographical materials\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 2: Correspondence\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 3: Writings\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 4: Academia\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 5: Professional service\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 6: Betty Tillman papers\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 7: Jo Ann Burgess papers\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 8: Writings by others\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 9: Audiovisual and born-digital materials\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged in nine series.","Series\n      Series 1: Biographical materials\n      Series 2: Correspondence\n      Series 3: Writings\n      Series 4: Academia\n      Series 5: Professional service\n      Series 6: Betty Tillman papers\n      Series 7: Jo Ann Burgess papers\n      Series 8: Writings by others\n      Series 9: Audiovisual and born-digital materials"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJames McGill Buchanan, Jr. was born on October 3, 1919 in Gum, Tennessee to Lila Scott (1889-1953) and James McGill Buchanan, Sr. (1888-1979). He had two younger sisters, Lila Scott Buchanan Graue (1922-2020) and Elizabeth Bradley. His paternal grandfather, John P. Buchanan (1847-1930), was a one-term governor of Tennessee from 1891 to 1893. James M. Buchanan attended Buchanan High School. He triple-majored in English, mathematics, and economics at Middle Tennessee State University from 1936 to 1940. He received a Master's of the Arts in economics from the University of Tennessee, Knoxville in 1941. Buchanan then attended the Naval War College and served on the operations staff of Admiral Chester W. Nimitz from 1941 to 1945. In that role, he was stationed in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, and Guam. He met his wife, Ann Bakke (August 21, 1909-November 14, 2005) in 1943. She was born in Jamestown, North Dakota. She served with the Army Air Transport Command at Hickham Field, Oahu. In 1945 the couple married in San Francisco, California. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrom 1946 to 1948 Buchanan attended the University of Chicago, where he graduated with a Ph.D. in economics. After graduation, he taught at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville as an associate professor from 1948 to 1951, and then as a full professor at Florida State University, Tallahassee from 1951 to 1956. In 1955 he was awarded a Fulbright fellowship to study in Italy for a year. In 1956 he was hired at the University of Virginia as the chair of the economics department. It was there that he co-founded the Thomas Jefferson Center for Studies in Political Economy in 1958. That same year, he published \u003ctitle\u003ePublic Principles of Public Debt\u003c/title\u003e. In 1962, Buchanan and co-author Gordon Tullock published \u003ctitle\u003eThe Calculus of Consent\u003c/title\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBuchanan worked at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) for one academic year (1968-1969) as a professor of economics. In 1969 he was hired at Virginia Polytechnic Institute (VPI, now known as Virginia Tech), as a University Distinguished Professor. He became general director of the Center for Study of Public Choice, the successor institution to the Thomas Jefferson Center for Political Economy. Buchanan continued to publish books during his time at VPI, including \u003ctitle\u003eCost and Choice\u003c/title\u003e (1969), \u003ctitle\u003eAcademia in Anarchy\u003c/title\u003e with Nicos Devletoglou (1970), \u003ctitle\u003eThe Limits of Liberty\u003c/title\u003e (1975), and \u003ctitle\u003eThe Power to Tax\u003c/title\u003e with Geoffrey Brennan (1980). \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1983, Buchanan and the Center for the Study of Public Choice moved from VPI to George Mason University in Fairfax, Virginia. After the move, he split his time between Fairfax and his farm in Blacksburg, Virginia. In 1986, Buchanan was awarded the Nobel Memorial Prize in economics. While at Mason, he published \u003ctitle\u003eThe Reason of Rules\u003c/title\u003e (1985), \u003ctitle\u003eBetter than Plowing\u003c/title\u003e (1992), and \u003ctitle\u003ePolitics by Principle, Not Interest\u003c/title\u003e with Roger Congleton (1998). He formally retired from Mason in September 1999 but continued to work both at Mason and Virginia Tech until his death on January 9, 2013. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBuchanan was known for his contribution to the field of public choice, which uses economic principles to analyze the rules and actions of government and public sector. It was this theory which led to his Nobel award. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBorn on March 19, 1927, Betty Jane Hall Tillman (also known as Betty Ross from 1977 to 1984) received an associate's degree from The Jefferson School of Commerce at Charlottesville, Virginia in 1945. She worked for Buchanan at the University of Virginia from August 14, 1961 to August 1969, at VPI from September 1, 1969 to June 1983, and at George Mason University from July 1, 1983 until her retirement in April 2007. Tillman had multiple responsibilities including handling Buchanan's correspondence, scheduling his events, coordinating Liberty Fund conferences, organizing activities at the Center for Study of Public Choice, and assisting graduate students and faculty associated with the Center. At the time of her retirement her position was administrative director of the Center for Study of Public Choice. She had three children. Tillman died on October 2, 2013.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJo Ann Burgess was born on June 27, 1948. She began work at the Center for the Study of Public Choice at George Mason University in 1989. Previously, Burgess lived around the world working for the State Department and the U.S military. She had four children with her husband, Roger. Burgess had many varied responsibilities at the Center including organizing Buchanan's archival papers, and administrative duties for the Public Choice Society. She edited Buchanan's published work in the 1990s and 2000s, including editing \u003ctitle\u003eThe Collected Works of James Buchanan\u003c/title\u003e and \u003ctitle\u003eThe Selected Works of Gordon Tullock\u003c/title\u003e for the Liberty Fund. After Tillman's retirement, Burgess took on additional responsibilities related to handling Buchanan's correspondence and scheduling, and additional administrative duties at the Center. Burgess retired in the summer of 2014. She died on March 19, 2020.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical and Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["James McGill Buchanan, Jr. was born on October 3, 1919 in Gum, Tennessee to Lila Scott (1889-1953) and James McGill Buchanan, Sr. (1888-1979). He had two younger sisters, Lila Scott Buchanan Graue (1922-2020) and Elizabeth Bradley. His paternal grandfather, John P. Buchanan (1847-1930), was a one-term governor of Tennessee from 1891 to 1893. James M. Buchanan attended Buchanan High School. He triple-majored in English, mathematics, and economics at Middle Tennessee State University from 1936 to 1940. He received a Master's of the Arts in economics from the University of Tennessee, Knoxville in 1941. Buchanan then attended the Naval War College and served on the operations staff of Admiral Chester W. Nimitz from 1941 to 1945. In that role, he was stationed in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, and Guam. He met his wife, Ann Bakke (August 21, 1909-November 14, 2005) in 1943. She was born in Jamestown, North Dakota. She served with the Army Air Transport Command at Hickham Field, Oahu. In 1945 the couple married in San Francisco, California.","From 1946 to 1948 Buchanan attended the University of Chicago, where he graduated with a Ph.D. in economics. After graduation, he taught at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville as an associate professor from 1948 to 1951, and then as a full professor at Florida State University, Tallahassee from 1951 to 1956. In 1955 he was awarded a Fulbright fellowship to study in Italy for a year. In 1956 he was hired at the University of Virginia as the chair of the economics department. It was there that he co-founded the Thomas Jefferson Center for Studies in Political Economy in 1958. That same year, he published Public Principles of Public Debt. In 1962, Buchanan and co-author Gordon Tullock published The Calculus of Consent.","Buchanan worked at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) for one academic year (1968-1969) as a professor of economics. In 1969 he was hired at Virginia Polytechnic Institute (VPI, now known as Virginia Tech), as a University Distinguished Professor. He became general director of the Center for Study of Public Choice, the successor institution to the Thomas Jefferson Center for Political Economy. Buchanan continued to publish books during his time at VPI, including Cost and Choice (1969), Academia in Anarchy with Nicos Devletoglou (1970), The Limits of Liberty (1975), and The Power to Tax with Geoffrey Brennan (1980).","In 1983, Buchanan and the Center for the Study of Public Choice moved from VPI to George Mason University in Fairfax, Virginia. After the move, he split his time between Fairfax and his farm in Blacksburg, Virginia. In 1986, Buchanan was awarded the Nobel Memorial Prize in economics. While at Mason, he published The Reason of Rules (1985), Better than Plowing (1992), and Politics by Principle, Not Interest with Roger Congleton (1998). He formally retired from Mason in September 1999 but continued to work both at Mason and Virginia Tech until his death on January 9, 2013.","Buchanan was known for his contribution to the field of public choice, which uses economic principles to analyze the rules and actions of government and public sector. It was this theory which led to his Nobel award.","Born on March 19, 1927, Betty Jane Hall Tillman (also known as Betty Ross from 1977 to 1984) received an associate's degree from The Jefferson School of Commerce at Charlottesville, Virginia in 1945. She worked for Buchanan at the University of Virginia from August 14, 1961 to August 1969, at VPI from September 1, 1969 to June 1983, and at George Mason University from July 1, 1983 until her retirement in April 2007. Tillman had multiple responsibilities including handling Buchanan's correspondence, scheduling his events, coordinating Liberty Fund conferences, organizing activities at the Center for Study of Public Choice, and assisting graduate students and faculty associated with the Center. At the time of her retirement her position was administrative director of the Center for Study of Public Choice. She had three children. Tillman died on October 2, 2013.","Jo Ann Burgess was born on June 27, 1948. She began work at the Center for the Study of Public Choice at George Mason University in 1989. Previously, Burgess lived around the world working for the State Department and the U.S military. She had four children with her husband, Roger. Burgess had many varied responsibilities at the Center including organizing Buchanan's archival papers, and administrative duties for the Public Choice Society. She edited Buchanan's published work in the 1990s and 2000s, including editing The Collected Works of James Buchanan and The Selected Works of Gordon Tullock for the Liberty Fund. After Tillman's retirement, Burgess took on additional responsibilities related to handling Buchanan's correspondence and scheduling, and additional administrative duties at the Center. Burgess retired in the summer of 2014. She died on March 19, 2020."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJames M. Buchanan papers, C0246, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["James M. Buchanan papers, C0246, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection was processed by Rebecca Thayer as part of a National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH) grant project from March 2021 to March 2023.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInitial processing of the collection was begun after James M. Buchanan's death in 2013, while the papers were at Buchanan House (also known as Roberts House), where the offices of Buchanan, Betty Tillman, Jo Ann Burgess, and the Center for Study of Public Choice were then located. Processing at this time was done by Greta Suiter, then-Processing Coordinator at the Special Collections Research Center (SCRC), and Solomon Stein, then-economics PhD student at Mason. Stein and Suiter established an initial arrangement scheme and began foldering and sorting materials accordingly. Elizabeth Beckman, then-Processing Coordinator, continued arrangement and refoldering work alongside Stein at Buchanan House from 2014 to 2016. 145 linear feet of materials were ultimately arranged during this time. The following series were created: Correspondence, Academic (Subseries: Courses taken and Courses taught), Conferences (Subseries: Conferences attended and Conferences held), Writings, Articles Read, and Administrative.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMaterials were boxed up and brought to Fenwick in Spring 2017. Beckman completed EAD markup of a preliminary finding aid with the processed materials in June 2017. Processing was paused in 2017 to apply for a NEH grant to hire a dedicated processing archivist. The grant was approved to start in 2020 but was delayed for several months due to the COVID-19 pandemic.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRebecca Thayer was hired in March 2021 to process the collection. She surveyed the arranged part of the collection (145 linear feet) and the unprocessed part (147 linear feet) to create a processing plan. This plan included adjustments to the original arrangement scheme based on material in the unprocessed section of the papers. A large number of the eventual Jo Ann Burgess papers series materials were in the unprocessed section of the collection, although the unprocessed section did contain materials from all series. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe prior arrangement scheme did not preserve Tillman and Burgess' files as discrete series, so it is likely that some materials created by Tillman or Burgess were dispersed into the various other series. Some materials in the correspondence series especially which were obviously correspondence involving only Tillman, Burgess, or Ann Bakke Buchanan, were removed to their respective series and subseries. However, Thayer did not attempt a systematic review of materials in other series such as Professional Services and Academia in order to separate out Tillman and Burgess-created files from Buchanan-created files. This has resulted in some significant overlap between those series and the Betty Tillman papers and Jo Ann Burgess papers series. This does reflect the significant overlap in work responsibilities of Tillman, Burgess, Buchanan, and the Center as seen in the materials. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProcessors prior to the NEH grant appear to have filed out materials that were originally grouped in large miscellaneous folders. Buchanan, Tillman, and Burgess do not seem to have created many files with only one or two emails or letters, preferring larger bulk folders. However, in the collection there are now many individual folders with correspondents that seem to have been created from larger files. No additional filing out of material was done under the NEH grant.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThayer arranged the unprocessed materials and reprocessed the previously arranged materials, combining the two. Mason Graduate Research Assistant Rachel Barton and undergraduate assistants Colin McDonald and Vilma Chicas Garcia assisted with arrangement, reboxing, and inventory creation. Amanda Menjivar, Manuscripts and Archives Librarian, assisted with finding aid data entry and publishing.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["This collection was processed by Rebecca Thayer as part of a National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH) grant project from March 2021 to March 2023.","Initial processing of the collection was begun after James M. Buchanan's death in 2013, while the papers were at Buchanan House (also known as Roberts House), where the offices of Buchanan, Betty Tillman, Jo Ann Burgess, and the Center for Study of Public Choice were then located. Processing at this time was done by Greta Suiter, then-Processing Coordinator at the Special Collections Research Center (SCRC), and Solomon Stein, then-economics PhD student at Mason. Stein and Suiter established an initial arrangement scheme and began foldering and sorting materials accordingly. Elizabeth Beckman, then-Processing Coordinator, continued arrangement and refoldering work alongside Stein at Buchanan House from 2014 to 2016. 145 linear feet of materials were ultimately arranged during this time. The following series were created: Correspondence, Academic (Subseries: Courses taken and Courses taught), Conferences (Subseries: Conferences attended and Conferences held), Writings, Articles Read, and Administrative.","Materials were boxed up and brought to Fenwick in Spring 2017. Beckman completed EAD markup of a preliminary finding aid with the processed materials in June 2017. Processing was paused in 2017 to apply for a NEH grant to hire a dedicated processing archivist. The grant was approved to start in 2020 but was delayed for several months due to the COVID-19 pandemic.","Rebecca Thayer was hired in March 2021 to process the collection. She surveyed the arranged part of the collection (145 linear feet) and the unprocessed part (147 linear feet) to create a processing plan. This plan included adjustments to the original arrangement scheme based on material in the unprocessed section of the papers. A large number of the eventual Jo Ann Burgess papers series materials were in the unprocessed section of the collection, although the unprocessed section did contain materials from all series.","The prior arrangement scheme did not preserve Tillman and Burgess' files as discrete series, so it is likely that some materials created by Tillman or Burgess were dispersed into the various other series. Some materials in the correspondence series especially which were obviously correspondence involving only Tillman, Burgess, or Ann Bakke Buchanan, were removed to their respective series and subseries. However, Thayer did not attempt a systematic review of materials in other series such as Professional Services and Academia in order to separate out Tillman and Burgess-created files from Buchanan-created files. This has resulted in some significant overlap between those series and the Betty Tillman papers and Jo Ann Burgess papers series. This does reflect the significant overlap in work responsibilities of Tillman, Burgess, Buchanan, and the Center as seen in the materials.","Processors prior to the NEH grant appear to have filed out materials that were originally grouped in large miscellaneous folders. Buchanan, Tillman, and Burgess do not seem to have created many files with only one or two emails or letters, preferring larger bulk folders. However, in the collection there are now many individual folders with correspondents that seem to have been created from larger files. No additional filing out of material was done under the NEH grant.","Thayer arranged the unprocessed materials and reprocessed the previously arranged materials, combining the two. Mason Graduate Research Assistant Rachel Barton and undergraduate assistants Colin McDonald and Vilma Chicas Garcia assisted with arrangement, reboxing, and inventory creation. Amanda Menjivar, Manuscripts and Archives Librarian, assisted with finding aid data entry and publishing."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe James M. Buchanan papers largely consist of correspondence, writings, and administrative files created between the years 1930-2014. The collection contains 9 series.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1: Biographical materials (circa 1800s, 1944-2012) contains information about James M. Buchanan's life and career. It is further divided into four subseries. Subseries 1.1: Ann Bakke Buchanan papers contains materials created by Ann Bakke Buchanan, James M. Buchanan's wife. Materials include correspondence, recipe cards, notebooks, calendars, and photographs. Some of the correspondence is in Norwegian, and some addressed to both James and Ann as a couple. Subseries 1.2: Awards contains newspapers clippings, congratulatory letters, photographs, and memorabilia relating to awards Buchanan received during his career. The majority of the materials relate to the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics. Subseries 1.3: Education contains study notes, essays, syllabi, and research notes from Buchanan's education, mostly from his PhD study at the University of Chicago. Subseries 1.4: Clippings contains newspaper and magazine clippings about Buchanan, including articles about his work, interviews, and reports on events he attended.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2: Correspondence (1951-2014) contains letters, emails, memoranda, cards, and other forms of written communication, mostly dealing with Buchanan's professional career. Subseries 2.1: Alphabetical correspondence contains the bulk of the correspondence, filed alphabetically by correspondent, subject, or name of an organization. Subseries 2.2: Chronological correspondence is a small amount of unrelated correspondence that was grouped together in date ranges, likely by either Buchanan himself, or his assistants Betty Tillman and Jo Ann Burgess.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 3: Writings (1946-2012) contains drafts, typescripts, photocopies, notes, and reprints of Buchanan's books, articles, speaking lectures, and unpublished material. There are also research files relating to some of his writing projects, and some correspondence with publishers, coauthors, and reviewers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 4: Academia (1946-2013) contains correspondence, reports, planning documents, and grant files relating to Buchanan's work at various universities, primarily University of Virginia, Virginia Polytechnic Institute (now Virginia Tech), and George Mason University. Subseries 4.1: Administration contains reports, memoranda, correspondence, photographs, calendars, and planning documents relating to department and university business. Subseries 4.2: Teaching contains lecture notes, drafts, syllabi, exams, and readings relating to classes taught by Buchanan over the course of his career. Subseries 4.3: Grants contains correspondence and applications for grant projects undertaken by Buchanan and collaborators. Subseries 4.4: Thomas Jefferson Center for Studies in Political Economy contains annual reports, photographs, and correspondence from the University of Virginia's Thomas Jefferson Center, which was active from 1958 to 1968. Subseries 4.5: Center for Study of Public Choice contains annual reports, conference information, grants, planning documents, board meeting minutes, and correspondence relating to the Center, an academic unit at Virginia Polytechnic Institute from 1968 to 1983 and at George Mason University from 1983 onwards.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 5: Professional Service (1958-2013) This series contains materials relating to Buchanan's professional activities outside of his university responsibilities. Subseries 5.1: Conferences and events contains correspondence, schedules, planning documents, papers and lecture notes, and travel documents from conferences, speaking engagements, and other events attended by Buchanan during his career. Subseries 5.2: Consulting and organizations contains annual reports and correspondence relating to Buchanan's work with various organizations outside of his work as a university professor. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 6: Betty Tillman papers (1968-2008) contains files created by Betty Tillman, administrative assistant to Buchanan and administrative director of the Center for Study of Public Choice. Subseries 6.1: Correspondence contains letters, emails, memoranda, and cards sent and received by Tillman. Subseries 6.2: Office administration contains planning documents, organizational files, and other materials relating to Tillman's handling of Buchanan's and Center for the Study of Public Choice office functions. Subseries 6.3: Conferences, events and travel contains correspondence, calendars, schedules, and travel documents relating to events attended by Buchanan, coordinated by Tillman. It also contains materials created by Tillman as the conference coordinator for the Liberty Fund and Center conferences and events.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 7: Jo Ann Burgess papers (1972-2014) contains files created by Jo Ann Burgess, administrative assistant and editor to Buchanan and secretary for the Public Choice Society. Subseries 7.1: Correspondence contains emails, letters, cards, notes, and memoranda, both personal and relating to Burgess' work with Buchanan and the Center for Study of Public Choice. Subseries 7.2: Office administration contains correspondence, calendars, notes, program files, and edited drafts created as part of Burgess' duties working for the Center for Study of Public Choice and as an assistant to Buchanan. Subseries 7.3: Liberty Fund editorial work contains planning documents, correspondence, and drafts created as part of Burgess' work editing \u003citalic\u003eThe Collected Works of James M. Buchanan\u003c/italic\u003e and \u003citalic\u003eThe Selected Works of Gordon Tullock\u003c/italic\u003e on behalf of the Liberty Fund. Subseries 7.4: Public Choice Society contains correspondence, conference planning documents, and administrative files created as part of Burgess' work as the secretary of the Public Choice Society, a professional organization. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 8: Writings by others (1930-2014) contains articles, book drafts, and other writings by authors other than Buchanan. Some materials have notes and annotations. Some writings are about Buchanan and his ideas. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 9: Audiovisual and born-digital materials (circa 1970s-2013) contains audiocassettes, videotapes, CDs, DVDs, floppy disks, and associated paper materials. Topics include recordings of the Nobel ceremony and press coverage; interviews and lectures by Buchanan and others and Center for Study of Public Choice events.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The James M. Buchanan papers largely consist of correspondence, writings, and administrative files created between the years 1930-2014. The collection contains 9 series.","Series 1: Biographical materials (circa 1800s, 1944-2012) contains information about James M. Buchanan's life and career. It is further divided into four subseries. Subseries 1.1: Ann Bakke Buchanan papers contains materials created by Ann Bakke Buchanan, James M. Buchanan's wife. Materials include correspondence, recipe cards, notebooks, calendars, and photographs. Some of the correspondence is in Norwegian, and some addressed to both James and Ann as a couple. Subseries 1.2: Awards contains newspapers clippings, congratulatory letters, photographs, and memorabilia relating to awards Buchanan received during his career. The majority of the materials relate to the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics. Subseries 1.3: Education contains study notes, essays, syllabi, and research notes from Buchanan's education, mostly from his PhD study at the University of Chicago. Subseries 1.4: Clippings contains newspaper and magazine clippings about Buchanan, including articles about his work, interviews, and reports on events he attended.","Series 2: Correspondence (1951-2014) contains letters, emails, memoranda, cards, and other forms of written communication, mostly dealing with Buchanan's professional career. Subseries 2.1: Alphabetical correspondence contains the bulk of the correspondence, filed alphabetically by correspondent, subject, or name of an organization. Subseries 2.2: Chronological correspondence is a small amount of unrelated correspondence that was grouped together in date ranges, likely by either Buchanan himself, or his assistants Betty Tillman and Jo Ann Burgess.","Series 3: Writings (1946-2012) contains drafts, typescripts, photocopies, notes, and reprints of Buchanan's books, articles, speaking lectures, and unpublished material. There are also research files relating to some of his writing projects, and some correspondence with publishers, coauthors, and reviewers.","Series 4: Academia (1946-2013) contains correspondence, reports, planning documents, and grant files relating to Buchanan's work at various universities, primarily University of Virginia, Virginia Polytechnic Institute (now Virginia Tech), and George Mason University. Subseries 4.1: Administration contains reports, memoranda, correspondence, photographs, calendars, and planning documents relating to department and university business. Subseries 4.2: Teaching contains lecture notes, drafts, syllabi, exams, and readings relating to classes taught by Buchanan over the course of his career. Subseries 4.3: Grants contains correspondence and applications for grant projects undertaken by Buchanan and collaborators. Subseries 4.4: Thomas Jefferson Center for Studies in Political Economy contains annual reports, photographs, and correspondence from the University of Virginia's Thomas Jefferson Center, which was active from 1958 to 1968. Subseries 4.5: Center for Study of Public Choice contains annual reports, conference information, grants, planning documents, board meeting minutes, and correspondence relating to the Center, an academic unit at Virginia Polytechnic Institute from 1968 to 1983 and at George Mason University from 1983 onwards.","Series 5: Professional Service (1958-2013) This series contains materials relating to Buchanan's professional activities outside of his university responsibilities. Subseries 5.1: Conferences and events contains correspondence, schedules, planning documents, papers and lecture notes, and travel documents from conferences, speaking engagements, and other events attended by Buchanan during his career. Subseries 5.2: Consulting and organizations contains annual reports and correspondence relating to Buchanan's work with various organizations outside of his work as a university professor.","Series 6: Betty Tillman papers (1968-2008) contains files created by Betty Tillman, administrative assistant to Buchanan and administrative director of the Center for Study of Public Choice. Subseries 6.1: Correspondence contains letters, emails, memoranda, and cards sent and received by Tillman. Subseries 6.2: Office administration contains planning documents, organizational files, and other materials relating to Tillman's handling of Buchanan's and Center for the Study of Public Choice office functions. Subseries 6.3: Conferences, events and travel contains correspondence, calendars, schedules, and travel documents relating to events attended by Buchanan, coordinated by Tillman. It also contains materials created by Tillman as the conference coordinator for the Liberty Fund and Center conferences and events.","Series 7: Jo Ann Burgess papers (1972-2014) contains files created by Jo Ann Burgess, administrative assistant and editor to Buchanan and secretary for the Public Choice Society. Subseries 7.1: Correspondence contains emails, letters, cards, notes, and memoranda, both personal and relating to Burgess' work with Buchanan and the Center for Study of Public Choice. Subseries 7.2: Office administration contains correspondence, calendars, notes, program files, and edited drafts created as part of Burgess' duties working for the Center for Study of Public Choice and as an assistant to Buchanan. Subseries 7.3: Liberty Fund editorial work contains planning documents, correspondence, and drafts created as part of Burgess' work editing The Collected Works of James M. Buchanan and The Selected Works of Gordon Tullock on behalf of the Liberty Fund. Subseries 7.4: Public Choice Society contains correspondence, conference planning documents, and administrative files created as part of Burgess' work as the secretary of the Public Choice Society, a professional organization.","Series 8: Writings by others (1930-2014) contains articles, book drafts, and other writings by authors other than Buchanan. Some materials have notes and annotations. Some writings are about Buchanan and his ideas.","Series 9: Audiovisual and born-digital materials (circa 1970s-2013) contains audiocassettes, videotapes, CDs, DVDs, floppy disks, and associated paper materials. Topics include recordings of the Nobel ceremony and press coverage; interviews and lectures by Buchanan and others and Center for Study of Public Choice events."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_0bc2473150c319436276a1da8ef369a9\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe James M. Buchanan papers consist of materials created primarily by economist James M. Buchanan (1919-2013) from the years 1936-2014. There are also materials created by the Center for Study of Public Choice, an academic unit associated with Virginia Tech (1969-1983) and George Mason University (1983-). The papers document Buchanan's career and academic output, primarily in the field of public choice economics and political economy.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The James M. Buchanan papers consist of materials created primarily by economist James M. Buchanan (1919-2013) from the years 1936-2014. There are also materials created by the Center for Study of Public Choice, an academic unit associated with Virginia Tech (1969-1983) and George Mason University (1983-). The papers document Buchanan's career and academic output, primarily in the field of public choice economics and political economy."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_b0c53c39bdb12bf69a095c3db88292a9\"\u003e\nR 101 - 102\n\nOS R 1, C 3, S 3-5\nMap Case 24.1\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["R 101 - 102\n\nOS R 1, C 3, S 3-5\nMap Case 24.1"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","George Mason University. Center for Study of Public Choice","Public Choice Society"],"names_coll_ssim":["George Mason University. Center for Study of Public Choice","Public Choice Society"],"persname_ssim":["Buchanan, Ann Bakke","Buchanan, James M.","Burgess, Jo Ann S.","Tillman, Betty H."],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","George Mason University. Center for Study of Public Choice","Public Choice Society","Buchanan, Ann Bakke","Buchanan, James M.","Burgess, Jo Ann S.","Tillman, Betty H."],"language_ssim":["The bulk of the materials are in English. Additional languages in the collection include German, Italian, French, Spanish, Norwegian, Dutch, Turkish, Japanese, Korean, and Chinese."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":8943,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:34:42.576Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_367_c05_c01_c980"}},{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1_c03_c02_c42","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"106th Congress - 1st Session - Congressional Record statements, 1999","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1_c03_c02_c42#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003e1 of 2 folders\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1_c03_c02_c42#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1_c03_c02_c42","ref_ssm":["wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1_c03_c02_c42"],"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1_c03_c02_c42","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1_c03_c02","parent_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1_c03_c02","parent_ssim":["Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, 1960/2015, bulk 1985/2014","III. Press, 1960/2014","B. Speeches and statements, 1985/2014"],"parent_ids_ssim":["wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1","wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1_c03","wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1_c03_c02"],"title_filing_ssi":"106th Congress - 1st Session - Congressional Record statements","title_ssm":["106th Congress - 1st Session - Congressional Record statements"],"title_tesim":["106th Congress - 1st Session - Congressional Record statements"],"normalized_title_ssm":["106th Congress - 1st Session - Congressional Record statements, 1999"],"text":["106th Congress - 1st Session - Congressional Record statements, 1999","Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, 1960/2015, bulk 1985/2014","III. Press, 1960/2014","B. Speeches and statements, 1985/2014","Box III.B. - 3","Folder 10","English.","1 of 2 folders"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, 1960/2015, bulk 1985/2014","III. Press, 1960/2014","B. Speeches and statements, 1985/2014"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, 1960/2015, bulk 1985/2014","III. Press, 1960/2014","B. Speeches and statements, 1985/2014"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1999"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1999"],"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"component_level_isim":[3],"sort_isi":47,"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"collection_ssim":["Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, 1960/2015, bulk 1985/2014"],"containers_ssim":["Box III.B. - 3","Folder 10"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Speeches and statements can be accessed in the reading room of the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center. Advance notice is required."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Materials may contain sensitive or private information. Researchers may use data collected from these materials in the statistical aggregate or as an example to illustrate a theme. No identifying information should point to specific individuals or families mentioned in the files.","Materials produced by public servants while carrying out official duties are not copyrighted. Materials created outside of official duties, including diaries, personal correspondence, and campaign materials, are protected by copyright. Use of materials from this collection beyond the exceptions provided for in the Fair Use and Educational Use clauses of the U.S. Copyright Law may violate federal law. Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please contact the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center."],"language_ssim":["English."],"date_range_isim":[1999],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e1 of 2 folders\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["1 of 2 folders"],"_nest_path_":"/components#2/components#1/components#41","timestamp":"2026-08-14T23:07:14.362Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_1.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/177420","title_ssm":["Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers"],"title_tesim":["Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1960-2015","1985-2014"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1960-2015"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1985-2014"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1960/2015, bulk 1985/2014"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, 1960/2015, bulk 1985/2014"],"text":["Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, 1960/2015, bulk 1985/2014","A\u0026M 4050","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/1","United States -- Politics and government -- 20th century","West Virginia -- Politics and government","National security","West Virginia -- Politics and government","United States -- Politics and government","Democratic Party","United States. Congress -- History -- 20th century","United States. Congress -- Archives","Steel industry and trade","Wireless communication systems -- Law and legislation","Child welfare","Coal miners--West Virginia","Veterans--United States","Health care reform -- United States","Coal mines and mining -- Law and legislation -- United States","Politicians -- United States","The majority of the Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers are closed until 2035. Permission to access materials prior to 2035 may be given at the donor's discretion.","Materials previously made publicly available, such as speeches, press releases, photographs, press interviews, clippings, and publications are open for research.","The collection is stored off-site. Researchers should contact the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center prior to visiting to ensure materials are available.","Some digital materials are available on our online John D. Rockefeller database.","The papers are arranged into six subgroups, and each subgroup is further arranged into series. Digital materials received on external hard drives, USB flash drives, floppy disks, CDs, and DVDs are arranged in the appropriate series and reflect the arrangement of the paper records.","Senator John Davison (Jay) Rockefeller IV served the people and state of West Virginia for more than 50 years. Rockefeller came to West Virginia in 1964 as a VISTA volunteer in the small community of Emmons, an experience that shaped his extensive career in public service. He served in the West Virginia House of Delegates (1966-1968); as Secretary of State of West Virginia (1968-1972); President of West Virginia Wesleyan College (1973-1976); and Governor of West Virginia (1977-1985). In 1984 he was elected to the United States Senate and was reelected four times, in 1990, 1996, 2002, and 2008, before retiring in 2015.","Jay Rockefeller was born in New York, New York, on June 18, 1937, to philanthropists John Davison Rockefeller III and Blanchette Ferry Hooker. He is the great-grandson of John D. Rockefeller, founder of the Standard Oil Company, and nephew of businessman and politician Nelson Aldrich Rockefeller. Jay Rockefeller graduated from Phillips Exeter Academy, New Hampshire, in 1955, and graduated from Harvard University in 1961 with a B.A. in Far Eastern Languages and History. In his junior year at Harvard, he attended the International Christian University in Tokyo, Japan, and he spent three years studying Japanese.","In 1964, Rockefeller joined the newly formed national service program Volunteers In Service to America (VISTA) aimed at fighting poverty. He served in Emmons, WV, a small mining community located in Boone and Kanawha Counties, for two years. His efforts in Emmons included starting a Little League baseball team, extending school bus service to the rural area, and providing transportation to dental clinics. He built a community center and obtained access to mobile health screenings for women.","Rockefeller entered politics in 1966 as a Kanawha County candidate for the West Virginia House of Delegates. He changed his party affiliation to Democrat, breaking with the family's traditional affiliation with the Republican Party.","In 1967, Rockefeller married Sharon Lee Percy, daughter of U.S. Senator Charles Percy of Illinois. Their Chicago wedding was featured on the cover of Life magazine. They had four children: John Davison (Jamie) V, Valerie, Charles, and Justin Aldrich.","He ran for West Virginia Secretary of State in 1968, winning the election against Republican John Callebs. As Secretary of State, Rockefeller pushed for election law reform and broke up several county Democratic political machines. He was successful in making elections more transparent and in reducing instances of election fraud by removing the names of deceased people from the state's official list of registered voters.","Rockefeller announced his candidacy for governor of West Virginia in 1972 against incumbent Republican Governor Arch Moore. Moore won reelection by 72,000 votes.","Within months of his defeat, Rockefeller was named president of West Virginia Wesleyan College, located in Buckhannon, WV. Some of his biggest accomplishments include increasing enrollment, creating an active recruitment campaign, and streamlining operations. He submitted a letter of resignation to the College in 1975 to prepare for the next gubernatorial election, for which he campaigned throughout 1976.","Rockefeller's second run for governor was successful: he beat Republican candidate Cecil Underwood by more than 242,000 votes, the largest majority in state history. Natural disaster, strikes, and a worsening economy posed serious challenges during his years as governor. In the spring of 1977, major spring floods in the southern West Virginia counties of McDowell, Wayne, Logan, and Ming wiped entire towns away, and made safe housing above flood plains a focus of Rockefeller's administration.","The same year saw the beginning of the 111-day national Bituminous Coal Strike of 1977-1978 led by the United Mine Workers of America (UMWA) and the AFL-CIO. Rockefeller refused to call upon the National Guard to suppress the miners' strike. At its conclusion, President Jimmy Carter appointed Rockefeller to lead the first major federal study of coal mining in America in three decades. Rockefeller served as chair of the President's Commission on Coal and pushed for a national energy strategy that included Appalachian coal. He also created the West Virginia Board of Coal Mine Health and Safety, reorganized state agencies, and set up senior centers statewide.","In 1980, Rockefeller ran for a second term as governor, again facing Republican Arch Moore, and won by 64,000 votes. Rockefeller faced another challenging four years and worked to maintain the state's economy as the federal government cut funding in the midst of an economic downturn, industries struggled to remain open, and unemployment rates across the state rose.","At the end of his governorship, Rockefeller ran for the United States Senate as a Democrat against businessman John Raese of Morgantown, WV. Rockefeller won the 1984 election by four percentage points and went on to fill the seat left vacant after long-time Senator Jennings Randolph retired.","Rockefeller began his service in the U.S. Senate on January 15, 1985, and served until 2015. He became a leading champion for health care reform, an advocate for improving the lives of children and working families, and a supporter of the nation's soldiers, veterans, and senior citizens. He served as chair of the Committee on Veterans Affairs (1993-1994, 2001-2003); the Select Committee on Intelligence (2007-2009); the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation (2009-2015); and the Committee on Finance Subcommittee on Medicare and Long-term Care (1989-1994, 2001-2003, 2007-2014). He also served as vice-chair of the Select Committee on Intelligence (2003-2006).","He held additional leadership positions as chairman on the Pepper Commission (1987-1990), the U.S. Senate Steel Caucus (1989-1994, 2013-2015, co-chair 1995-2013), the National Commission on Children (1989-1993), and the Democratic Technology and Communications Committee (1995-2003). He was also a member of several Senate groups, including the Steering Committee on Democratic Policy, the Alternative Fuels Council, and the Coal Caucus.","Influenced by his two years in Emmons, WV, Rockefeller championed health care issues, and health care reform throughout his Senate career. He supported measures to improve and modernize Medicare, expand access to health care, and increase health coverage for children, authoring the Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP). He introduced and co-sponsored more than 2,000 pieces of major health-related legislation and provided leadership and policy on health care reform for both the Clinton and Obama administrations. During the latter, he contributed to the successful passage of the Affordable Care Act and was a proponent of providing people with a not-for-profit insurance company backed by the government, commonly known as a public option.","He was appointed to the Senate Finance Committee and its Subcommittee on Medicare and Long-term Care (later known as the Subcommittee on Health Care) in 1987 and served as chairman of the Subcommittee and ranking member until his retirement. In 1987, he also was elected chair of the U.S. Bipartisan Commission on Comprehensive Health Care, also known as the Pepper Commission, when the commission's original leader, Representative Claude Pepper (D-FL), passed away. The Commission was charged with developing legislation that would provide Americans with comprehensive health and long-term care coverage.","In recognition of his contributions to improving the wellbeing of children and families and supporting education, in 1988, President Ronald Reagan appointed Rockefeller chair of the National Commission on Children. Recommendations made by the Commission centered on the creation of a Child Tax Credit, expansion of the Earned Income Tax Credit, and improvement to the federal approach to child welfare. As a member of the Finance Committee, he worked on the tax code to provide better financial support to the middle class and working poor. He sought to toughen child support enforcement laws, improve federal adoption and foster care services, and ensure a safe environment for children in the child welfare system with educational programs aimed at substance abuse prevention and treatment. He also worked for renewed investment in schools, school construction, and teachers, particularly those located in rural and impoverished areas.","Senator Rockefeller was an advocate for veterans' issues, serving on the Veterans' Affairs Committee for the entirety of his Senate career and acting as both chair and ranking minority member. He especially focused on expanding research and treatment for service-related illnesses, such as Gulf War Illness, Agent Orange, and issues relating to Atomic Veterans. He brought attention to treatment of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and the reform of the Veterans Affairs (VA) health care system.","Throughout his time in the Senate, Rockefeller was deeply involved with issues related to energy, the environment, coal miners, and mine safety. The first bill Rockefeller introduced in the Senate in 1985 was legislation intended to reduce the backlog of pending black lung cases, and he consistently worked to preserve the Black Lung Trust Fund while protecting coal jobs.","In 1992, he introduced the Coal Act to ensure retired miners received health benefits, and he threatened to keep the Senate in session over Christmas if they refused to pass the bill, which he described as a peak moment in his career. The Coal Act was passed as part of the Energy Policy Act of 1992, creating two new health care funds to protect the health benefits of all union coal miners, along with their widows and dependents. In 1995, the UMWA named him an honorary member, a distinction rarely bestowed on an elected official, because of his efforts on behalf of miners.","Following the January 2006 West Virginia Sago and Aracoma mine disasters, which together led to the deaths of 14 men, Rockefeller brought several senators from the Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions (HELP) Committee to meet with families of the Sago mine workers. Rockefeller then joined Committee Chair Senator Mike Enzi (R-WY) and Ranking Member Senator Ted Kennedy (D-MA) in drafting the MINER Act, which was signed into law in June 2006, establishing important new mine safety regulations.","Senator Rockefeller served on the Senate Select Intelligence Committee, 2001-2014, during critical and difficult years for the SSCI and the intelligence community. In January 2001, then-Democratic leader Tom Daschle (D-SD) appointed Rockefeller to the Committee. Eight months later the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks occurred. In the months following the attacks, the United States launched operation Enduring Freedom in Afghanistan, and in March 2003, invaded Iraq. These events changed the nature and conduct of intelligence oversight. During Rockefeller's tenure on the committee, and particularly during his time as vice chairman and chairman, he made significant contributions in key areas, including the 9/11 investigation; the Iraq War and flawed intelligence on weapons of mass destruction; intelligence community reform; surveillance oversight and reform; the CIA's detention and interrogation program; cybersecurity; and the intelligence authorization process.","Rockefeller also made significant contributions to communications policy. He co-authored the Universal Service Program for Schools and Libraries, known as E-Rate, which was authorized as part of the Telecommunications Act of 1996, making telecommunications and information services more affordable for schools and libraries. In 2010, Rockefeller introduced the Public Safety Spectrum Act, which created FirstNet, a nationwide wireless broadband network for the nation's first responders. It was signed into law as part of the Middle Class Tax Relief and Job Creation Act of 2012. He also supported net neutrality protections to keep the Internet open and free, and in 2011, he successfully led the Senate Floor against a resolution of disapproval of net neutrality rules.","He also championed the steel industry in West Virginia and the nation, earning him the nickname \"Senator Steel.\" Much of his work, launched largely through his position as co-chair of the Senate Steel Caucus, focused on providing income support and job training to laid-off employees and their families through Trade Adjustment Assistance (TAA), working with individual steel companies to mitigate the effects of closure and downsizing, and intervening in steel employee strikes. As a member of both the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, and the Committee on Finance, Rockefeller also addressed concerns about American manufacturing; trade protections and relief for workers negatively impacted by trade; and tax credits supporting research and development and encouraging businesses to build and expand.","For the state of West Virginia, Senator Rockefeller made jobs and economic development a priority. In 1988 he founded the Discover the Real West Virginia Program (DRWV), later formalized as the Discover the Real West Virginia Foundation, which showcased business and investment opportunities in West Virginia. He launched the \"Project Harvest\" trade mission in 1995 to bring state and international business leaders and investors together. Rockefeller's early experiences in Japan and knowledge of the language and culture aided in attracting the Toyota company to the state, resulting in the opening of the Buffalo, WV, plant in 1996. In the ensuing years, more than 20 other Japanese companies followed. Further, he encouraged the growth of the West Virginia tourism and travel industry through legislation that conserved lands, designated scenic areas, and promoted better transportation infrastructure.","In January 2013, Senator Rockefeller announced that he would not seek reelection. In his retirement announcement, he reflected that \"public service demands, and deserves nothing less than every single thing that you have to bring to bear, and that is what I have given.\" As he prepared to leave the Congress in December 2014, his Senate colleagues offered tributes on the Senate Floor recognizing his impressive legislative record, distinguished career, and legacy of compassionate and conscientious service.","Sources:","Grimes, Richard S. \"Jay Rockefeller.\" The West Virginia Encyclopedia.","Jay: A Rockefeller's Journey. Produced by Suzanne Higgins and Russ Barbour. 2015. Online video. West Virginia Public Broadcasting.","\"A Record of Achievement for West Virginia: Energy and Environment Issues (Legacy on Energy, Environment and Coal Miners),\" 2014 May 30, A\u0026M 4050, Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries.","\"Review of Senator John D. Rockefeller's Service on the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence: 2001-2015,\" 2014 December 17, A\u0026M 4050, Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries.","\"Rockefeller, John Davison IV (Jay), (1937 - ).\" Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, 1774-present.","\"Senator Jay Rockefeller Retirement Announcement.\" 2013 January 11, 2013. Online video clip. C-SPAN.","\"Senator Rockefeller's Health Care Accomplishments: 99th-113th Congress Memorandum,\" 2014, A\u0026M 4050, Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries.","\"Tributes to John D. Rockefeller.\" 2014 December 4. Congressional Record 160:147 p. S6343. Congress.gov.","\"Veterans' Legacy Memorandum,\" 2014 April 11, A\u0026M 4050, Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries.\n \n\"West Virginia Wesleyan College Legacy Memorandum,\" 2014 October, A\u0026M 4050, Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries.","\"A Record of Achievement for West Virginia: Diversifying West Virginia's Economy for the 21st Century (Your Legacy Memo on Jobs and Economic Growth in West Virginia),\" 2014, A\u0026M 4050, Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries.","\"Your Legacy on FirstNet – Public Safety Spectrum Act,\" 2014 October 24, A\u0026M 4050, Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries.","\"Your Legacy on Net Neutrality,\" 2014 October 3, A\u0026M 4050, Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries.","Processed by Danielle Emerling, 2015-\nProcessing assistants: Ashley Brooker, Dzondria Tarver, Leo Gmeindl, Casey DeHaven, Joshua Childs","The Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers are in process. The contents of this finding aid will be revised as progress is made on the collection.","The bulk of the Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers document his 30-year career in the United States Senate with additional materials related to his earlier political career.  The records were maintained by Senator Rockefeller's Washington, DC, office and West Virginia state offices in Charleston, Beckley, Fairmont, and Martinsburg. Record formats include papers, audiovisual materials, born-digital resources, photographs, and memorabilia. The collection consists of approximately 2011 linear feet of paper records and two terabytes of electronic records.","The first subgroup, Constituent Services, reflects the work Senator Rockefeller and his staff performed for the state and people of West Virginia. It consists of constituent casework, issue mail, grant and project files, and academy files.","The second subgroup, Legislative files, is composed of materials related to legislative and committee work. Legislative staff files; subject files; correspondence; committee files; and legislative activities, voting records, and accomplishments comprise this subgroup.","The third subgroup, Press files, illustrates Senator Rockefeller's interactions with the media and outreach to the state of West Virginia and his constituents. It contains press staff files, speeches and statements, press releases, photographs, audiovisual materials, clippings, publications, and newsletters and mailings.","The fourth subgroup, Personal and Political files, consists of Legacy Memos, schedules, personal files and correspondence, campaign files, and trip files.","The fifth subgroup, Office files, contains a small number of office management files.","The sixth subgroup, Memorabilia, consists of a large collection of framed items, plaques, and objects, many of which Senator Rockefeller received as gifts during his service. It contains a large number of foreign gifts, particularly from Japan and Taiwan.","Materials may contain sensitive or private information. Researchers may use data collected from these materials in the statistical aggregate or as an example to illustrate a theme. No identifying information should point to specific individuals or families mentioned in the files.","Materials produced by public servants while carrying out official duties are not copyrighted. Materials created outside of official duties, including diaries, personal correspondence, and campaign materials, are protected by copyright. Use of materials from this collection beyond the exceptions provided for in the Fair Use and Educational Use clauses of the U.S. Copyright Law may violate federal law. Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please contact the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center.","John Davison (Jay) Rockefeller IV (b. 1937) represented West Virginia in the United States Senate for five terms. He was elected as a Democrat to the Ninety-ninth Congress and served from January 15, 1985, to January 3, 2015. He was not a candidate for reelection in 2014. Rockefeller previously served in the West Virginia House of Delegates (1966-1968); as Secretary of State of West Virginia (1968-1972); president of West Virginia Wesleyan College (1973-1976); and Governor of West Virginia (1977-1985). From 1964-1966, he was a volunteer in the Volunteers In Service To America (VISTA) program in Emmons, West Virginia. The bulk of the Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers document his 30-year career in the United States Senate with additional materials related to his earlier political career.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center","West Virginia and Regional History Center","United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Commerce","United States. Congress. Senate. Select Committee on Intelligence","United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Veterans' Affairs","United States. Congress. Pepper Commission","United States. National Commission on Children","Rockefeller, John D., IV (John Davison), 1937-","Rockefeller, Sharon Percy, 1944-","English\n."],"collection_title_tesim":["Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, 1960/2015, bulk 1985/2014"],"collection_ssim":["Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, 1960/2015, bulk 1985/2014"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 4050","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/1"],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 4050","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/1"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"geogname_ssm":["United States -- Politics and government -- 20th century","West Virginia -- Politics and government","National security","West Virginia -- Politics and government","United States -- Politics and government","Democratic Party"],"geogname_ssim":["United States -- Politics and government -- 20th century","West Virginia -- Politics and government","National security","West Virginia -- Politics and government","United States -- Politics and government","Democratic Party"],"places_ssim":["United States -- Politics and government -- 20th century","West Virginia -- Politics and government","National security","West Virginia -- Politics and government","United States -- Politics and government","Democratic Party"],"creator_ssm":["Rockefeller, John D., IV (John Davison), 1937-"],"creator_ssim":["Rockefeller, John D., IV (John Davison), 1937-"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Rockefeller, John D., IV (John Davison), 1937-","Rockefeller, Sharon Percy, 1944-"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Commerce","United States. Congress. Senate. Select Committee on Intelligence","United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Veterans' Affairs","United States. Congress. Pepper Commission","United States. National Commission on Children"],"creators_ssim":["Rockefeller, John D., IV (John Davison), 1937-","Rockefeller, Sharon Percy, 1944-","West Virginia and Regional History Center","United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Commerce","United States. Congress. Senate. Select Committee on Intelligence","United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Veterans' Affairs","United States. Congress. Pepper Commission","United States. National Commission on Children"],"access_terms_ssm":["Materials may contain sensitive or private information. Researchers may use data collected from these materials in the statistical aggregate or as an example to illustrate a theme. No identifying information should point to specific individuals or families mentioned in the files.","Materials produced by public servants while carrying out official duties are not copyrighted. Materials created outside of official duties, including diaries, personal correspondence, and campaign materials, are protected by copyright. Use of materials from this collection beyond the exceptions provided for in the Fair Use and Educational Use clauses of the U.S. Copyright Law may violate federal law. Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please contact the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gift of Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV, 2014-2015"],"access_subjects_ssim":["United States. Congress -- History -- 20th century","United States. Congress -- Archives","Steel industry and trade","Wireless communication systems -- Law and legislation","Child welfare","Coal miners--West Virginia","Veterans--United States","Health care reform -- United States","Coal mines and mining -- Law and legislation -- United States","Politicians -- United States"],"access_subjects_ssm":["United States. Congress -- History -- 20th century","United States. Congress -- Archives","Steel industry and trade","Wireless communication systems -- Law and legislation","Child welfare","Coal miners--West Virginia","Veterans--United States","Health care reform -- United States","Coal mines and mining -- Law and legislation -- United States","Politicians -- United States"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["2011 Linear Feet record cartons","2 Terabytes"],"extent_tesim":["2011 Linear Feet record cartons","2 Terabytes"],"date_range_isim":[1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe majority of the Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers are closed until 2035. Permission to access materials prior to 2035 may be given at the donor's discretion. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMaterials previously made publicly available, such as speeches, press releases, photographs, press interviews, clippings, and publications are open for research. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe collection is stored off-site. Researchers should contact the West Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center prior to visiting to ensure materials are available. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSome digital materials are available on our \u003ca href=\"https://rockefeller.lib.wvu.edu/\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eonline John D. Rockefeller database.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The majority of the Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers are closed until 2035. Permission to access materials prior to 2035 may be given at the donor's discretion.","Materials previously made publicly available, such as speeches, press releases, photographs, press interviews, clippings, and publications are open for research.","The collection is stored off-site. Researchers should contact the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center prior to visiting to ensure materials are available.","Some digital materials are available on our online John D. Rockefeller database."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe papers are arranged into six subgroups, and each subgroup is further arranged into series. Digital materials received on external hard drives, USB flash drives, floppy disks, CDs, and DVDs are arranged in the appropriate series and reflect the arrangement of the paper records.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The papers are arranged into six subgroups, and each subgroup is further arranged into series. Digital materials received on external hard drives, USB flash drives, floppy disks, CDs, and DVDs are arranged in the appropriate series and reflect the arrangement of the paper records."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSenator John Davison (Jay) Rockefeller IV served the people and state of West Virginia for more than 50 years. Rockefeller came to West Virginia in 1964 as a VISTA volunteer in the small community of Emmons, an experience that shaped his extensive career in public service. He served in the West Virginia House of Delegates (1966-1968); as Secretary of State of West Virginia (1968-1972); President of West Virginia Wesleyan College (1973-1976); and Governor of West Virginia (1977-1985). In 1984 he was elected to the United States Senate and was reelected four times, in 1990, 1996, 2002, and 2008, before retiring in 2015.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJay Rockefeller was born in New York, New York, on June 18, 1937, to philanthropists John Davison Rockefeller III and Blanchette Ferry Hooker. He is the great-grandson of John D. Rockefeller, founder of the Standard Oil Company, and nephew of businessman and politician Nelson Aldrich Rockefeller. Jay Rockefeller graduated from Phillips Exeter Academy, New Hampshire, in 1955, and graduated from Harvard University in 1961 with a B.A. in Far Eastern Languages and History. In his junior year at Harvard, he attended the International Christian University in Tokyo, Japan, and he spent three years studying Japanese.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1964, Rockefeller joined the newly formed national service program Volunteers In Service to America (VISTA) aimed at fighting poverty. He served in Emmons, WV, a small mining community located in Boone and Kanawha Counties, for two years. His efforts in Emmons included starting a Little League baseball team, extending school bus service to the rural area, and providing transportation to dental clinics. He built a community center and obtained access to mobile health screenings for women.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRockefeller entered politics in 1966 as a Kanawha County candidate for the West Virginia House of Delegates. He changed his party affiliation to Democrat, breaking with the family's traditional affiliation with the Republican Party.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1967, Rockefeller married Sharon Lee Percy, daughter of U.S. Senator Charles Percy of Illinois. Their Chicago wedding was featured on the cover of Life magazine. They had four children: John Davison (Jamie) V, Valerie, Charles, and Justin Aldrich.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHe ran for West Virginia Secretary of State in 1968, winning the election against Republican John Callebs. As Secretary of State, Rockefeller pushed for election law reform and broke up several county Democratic political machines. He was successful in making elections more transparent and in reducing instances of election fraud by removing the names of deceased people from the state's official list of registered voters.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRockefeller announced his candidacy for governor of West Virginia in 1972 against incumbent Republican Governor Arch Moore. Moore won reelection by 72,000 votes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWithin months of his defeat, Rockefeller was named president of West Virginia Wesleyan College, located in Buckhannon, WV. Some of his biggest accomplishments include increasing enrollment, creating an active recruitment campaign, and streamlining operations. He submitted a letter of resignation to the College in 1975 to prepare for the next gubernatorial election, for which he campaigned throughout 1976.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRockefeller's second run for governor was successful: he beat Republican candidate Cecil Underwood by more than 242,000 votes, the largest majority in state history. Natural disaster, strikes, and a worsening economy posed serious challenges during his years as governor. In the spring of 1977, major spring floods in the southern West Virginia counties of McDowell, Wayne, Logan, and Ming wiped entire towns away, and made safe housing above flood plains a focus of Rockefeller's administration.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe same year saw the beginning of the 111-day national Bituminous Coal Strike of 1977-1978 led by the United Mine Workers of America (UMWA) and the AFL-CIO. Rockefeller refused to call upon the National Guard to suppress the miners' strike. At its conclusion, President Jimmy Carter appointed Rockefeller to lead the first major federal study of coal mining in America in three decades. Rockefeller served as chair of the President's Commission on Coal and pushed for a national energy strategy that included Appalachian coal. He also created the West Virginia Board of Coal Mine Health and Safety, reorganized state agencies, and set up senior centers statewide.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1980, Rockefeller ran for a second term as governor, again facing Republican Arch Moore, and won by 64,000 votes. Rockefeller faced another challenging four years and worked to maintain the state's economy as the federal government cut funding in the midst of an economic downturn, industries struggled to remain open, and unemployment rates across the state rose.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAt the end of his governorship, Rockefeller ran for the United States Senate as a Democrat against businessman John Raese of Morgantown, WV. Rockefeller won the 1984 election by four percentage points and went on to fill the seat left vacant after long-time Senator Jennings Randolph retired.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRockefeller began his service in the U.S. Senate on January 15, 1985, and served until 2015. He became a leading champion for health care reform, an advocate for improving the lives of children and working families, and a supporter of the nation's soldiers, veterans, and senior citizens. He served as chair of the Committee on Veterans Affairs (1993-1994, 2001-2003); the Select Committee on Intelligence (2007-2009); the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation (2009-2015); and the Committee on Finance Subcommittee on Medicare and Long-term Care (1989-1994, 2001-2003, 2007-2014). He also served as vice-chair of the Select Committee on Intelligence (2003-2006).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHe held additional leadership positions as chairman on the Pepper Commission (1987-1990), the U.S. Senate Steel Caucus (1989-1994, 2013-2015, co-chair 1995-2013), the National Commission on Children (1989-1993), and the Democratic Technology and Communications Committee (1995-2003). He was also a member of several Senate groups, including the Steering Committee on Democratic Policy, the Alternative Fuels Council, and the Coal Caucus.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInfluenced by his two years in Emmons, WV, Rockefeller championed health care issues, and health care reform throughout his Senate career. He supported measures to improve and modernize Medicare, expand access to health care, and increase health coverage for children, authoring the Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP). He introduced and co-sponsored more than 2,000 pieces of major health-related legislation and provided leadership and policy on health care reform for both the Clinton and Obama administrations. During the latter, he contributed to the successful passage of the Affordable Care Act and was a proponent of providing people with a not-for-profit insurance company backed by the government, commonly known as a public option.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHe was appointed to the Senate Finance Committee and its Subcommittee on Medicare and Long-term Care (later known as the Subcommittee on Health Care) in 1987 and served as chairman of the Subcommittee and ranking member until his retirement. In 1987, he also was elected chair of the U.S. Bipartisan Commission on Comprehensive Health Care, also known as the Pepper Commission, when the commission's original leader, Representative Claude Pepper (D-FL), passed away. The Commission was charged with developing legislation that would provide Americans with comprehensive health and long-term care coverage.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn recognition of his contributions to improving the wellbeing of children and families and supporting education, in 1988, President Ronald Reagan appointed Rockefeller chair of the National Commission on Children. Recommendations made by the Commission centered on the creation of a Child Tax Credit, expansion of the Earned Income Tax Credit, and improvement to the federal approach to child welfare. As a member of the Finance Committee, he worked on the tax code to provide better financial support to the middle class and working poor. He sought to toughen child support enforcement laws, improve federal adoption and foster care services, and ensure a safe environment for children in the child welfare system with educational programs aimed at substance abuse prevention and treatment. He also worked for renewed investment in schools, school construction, and teachers, particularly those located in rural and impoverished areas.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSenator Rockefeller was an advocate for veterans' issues, serving on the Veterans' Affairs Committee for the entirety of his Senate career and acting as both chair and ranking minority member. He especially focused on expanding research and treatment for service-related illnesses, such as Gulf War Illness, Agent Orange, and issues relating to Atomic Veterans. He brought attention to treatment of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and the reform of the Veterans Affairs (VA) health care system.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThroughout his time in the Senate, Rockefeller was deeply involved with issues related to energy, the environment, coal miners, and mine safety. The first bill Rockefeller introduced in the Senate in 1985 was legislation intended to reduce the backlog of pending black lung cases, and he consistently worked to preserve the Black Lung Trust Fund while protecting coal jobs.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1992, he introduced the Coal Act to ensure retired miners received health benefits, and he threatened to keep the Senate in session over Christmas if they refused to pass the bill, which he described as a peak moment in his career. The Coal Act was passed as part of the Energy Policy Act of 1992, creating two new health care funds to protect the health benefits of all union coal miners, along with their widows and dependents. In 1995, the UMWA named him an honorary member, a distinction rarely bestowed on an elected official, because of his efforts on behalf of miners.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFollowing the January 2006 West Virginia Sago and Aracoma mine disasters, which together led to the deaths of 14 men, Rockefeller brought several senators from the Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions (HELP) Committee to meet with families of the Sago mine workers. Rockefeller then joined Committee Chair Senator Mike Enzi (R-WY) and Ranking Member Senator Ted Kennedy (D-MA) in drafting the MINER Act, which was signed into law in June 2006, establishing important new mine safety regulations.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSenator Rockefeller served on the Senate Select Intelligence Committee, 2001-2014, during critical and difficult years for the SSCI and the intelligence community. In January 2001, then-Democratic leader Tom Daschle (D-SD) appointed Rockefeller to the Committee. Eight months later the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks occurred. In the months following the attacks, the United States launched operation Enduring Freedom in Afghanistan, and in March 2003, invaded Iraq. These events changed the nature and conduct of intelligence oversight. During Rockefeller's tenure on the committee, and particularly during his time as vice chairman and chairman, he made significant contributions in key areas, including the 9/11 investigation; the Iraq War and flawed intelligence on weapons of mass destruction; intelligence community reform; surveillance oversight and reform; the CIA's detention and interrogation program; cybersecurity; and the intelligence authorization process. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRockefeller also made significant contributions to communications policy. He co-authored the Universal Service Program for Schools and Libraries, known as E-Rate, which was authorized as part of the Telecommunications Act of 1996, making telecommunications and information services more affordable for schools and libraries. In 2010, Rockefeller introduced the Public Safety Spectrum Act, which created FirstNet, a nationwide wireless broadband network for the nation's first responders. It was signed into law as part of the Middle Class Tax Relief and Job Creation Act of 2012. He also supported net neutrality protections to keep the Internet open and free, and in 2011, he successfully led the Senate Floor against a resolution of disapproval of net neutrality rules.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHe also championed the steel industry in West Virginia and the nation, earning him the nickname \"Senator Steel.\" Much of his work, launched largely through his position as co-chair of the Senate Steel Caucus, focused on providing income support and job training to laid-off employees and their families through Trade Adjustment Assistance (TAA), working with individual steel companies to mitigate the effects of closure and downsizing, and intervening in steel employee strikes. As a member of both the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, and the Committee on Finance, Rockefeller also addressed concerns about American manufacturing; trade protections and relief for workers negatively impacted by trade; and tax credits supporting research and development and encouraging businesses to build and expand.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor the state of West Virginia, Senator Rockefeller made jobs and economic development a priority. In 1988 he founded the Discover the Real West Virginia Program (DRWV), later formalized as the Discover the Real West Virginia Foundation, which showcased business and investment opportunities in West Virginia. He launched the \"Project Harvest\" trade mission in 1995 to bring state and international business leaders and investors together. Rockefeller's early experiences in Japan and knowledge of the language and culture aided in attracting the Toyota company to the state, resulting in the opening of the Buffalo, WV, plant in 1996. In the ensuing years, more than 20 other Japanese companies followed. Further, he encouraged the growth of the West Virginia tourism and travel industry through legislation that conserved lands, designated scenic areas, and promoted better transportation infrastructure.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn January 2013, Senator Rockefeller announced that he would not seek reelection. In his retirement announcement, he reflected that \"public service demands, and deserves nothing less than every single thing that you have to bring to bear, and that is what I have given.\" As he prepared to leave the Congress in December 2014, his Senate colleagues offered tributes on the Senate Floor recognizing his impressive legislative record, distinguished career, and legacy of compassionate and conscientious service.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSources: \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGrimes, Richard S. \"\u003ca href=\"http://www.wvencyclopedia.org/articles/110\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eJay Rockefeller.\u003c/a\u003e\" The West Virginia Encyclopedia. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.pbs.org/video/jay-rockefellers-journey-jay-rockefellers-journey/\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eJay: A Rockefeller's Journey.\u003c/a\u003e Produced by Suzanne Higgins and Russ Barbour. 2015. Online video. West Virginia Public Broadcasting.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"A Record of Achievement for West Virginia: Energy and Environment Issues (Legacy on Energy, Environment and Coal Miners),\" 2014 May 30, A\u0026amp;M 4050, Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, West Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Review of Senator John D. Rockefeller's Service on the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence: 2001-2015,\" 2014 December 17, A\u0026amp;M 4050, Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, West Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=R000361\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e\"Rockefeller, John Davison IV (Jay), (1937 - ).\"\u003c/a\u003e Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, 1774-present.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"http://www.c-span.org/video/?310340-1/senator-jay-rockefeller-retirement-announcement\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e\"Senator Jay Rockefeller Retirement Announcement.\"\u003c/a\u003e 2013 January 11, 2013. Online video clip. C-SPAN. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Senator Rockefeller's Health Care Accomplishments: 99th-113th Congress Memorandum,\" 2014, A\u0026amp;M 4050, Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, West Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.congress.gov/113/crec/2014/12/04/160/147/CREC-2014-12-04.pdf\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e\"Tributes to John D. Rockefeller.\"\u003c/a\u003e 2014 December 4. Congressional Record 160:147 p. S6343. Congress.gov.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Veterans' Legacy Memorandum,\" 2014 April 11, A\u0026amp;M 4050, Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, West Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries.\n \n\"West Virginia Wesleyan College Legacy Memorandum,\" 2014 October, A\u0026amp;M 4050, Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, West Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"A Record of Achievement for West Virginia: Diversifying West Virginia's Economy for the 21st Century (Your Legacy Memo on Jobs and Economic Growth in West Virginia),\" 2014, A\u0026amp;M 4050, Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, West Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Your Legacy on FirstNet – Public Safety Spectrum Act,\" 2014 October 24, A\u0026amp;M 4050, Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, West Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Your Legacy on Net Neutrality,\" 2014 October 3, A\u0026amp;M 4050, Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, West Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Senator John Davison (Jay) Rockefeller IV served the people and state of West Virginia for more than 50 years. Rockefeller came to West Virginia in 1964 as a VISTA volunteer in the small community of Emmons, an experience that shaped his extensive career in public service. He served in the West Virginia House of Delegates (1966-1968); as Secretary of State of West Virginia (1968-1972); President of West Virginia Wesleyan College (1973-1976); and Governor of West Virginia (1977-1985). In 1984 he was elected to the United States Senate and was reelected four times, in 1990, 1996, 2002, and 2008, before retiring in 2015.","Jay Rockefeller was born in New York, New York, on June 18, 1937, to philanthropists John Davison Rockefeller III and Blanchette Ferry Hooker. He is the great-grandson of John D. Rockefeller, founder of the Standard Oil Company, and nephew of businessman and politician Nelson Aldrich Rockefeller. Jay Rockefeller graduated from Phillips Exeter Academy, New Hampshire, in 1955, and graduated from Harvard University in 1961 with a B.A. in Far Eastern Languages and History. In his junior year at Harvard, he attended the International Christian University in Tokyo, Japan, and he spent three years studying Japanese.","In 1964, Rockefeller joined the newly formed national service program Volunteers In Service to America (VISTA) aimed at fighting poverty. He served in Emmons, WV, a small mining community located in Boone and Kanawha Counties, for two years. His efforts in Emmons included starting a Little League baseball team, extending school bus service to the rural area, and providing transportation to dental clinics. He built a community center and obtained access to mobile health screenings for women.","Rockefeller entered politics in 1966 as a Kanawha County candidate for the West Virginia House of Delegates. He changed his party affiliation to Democrat, breaking with the family's traditional affiliation with the Republican Party.","In 1967, Rockefeller married Sharon Lee Percy, daughter of U.S. Senator Charles Percy of Illinois. Their Chicago wedding was featured on the cover of Life magazine. They had four children: John Davison (Jamie) V, Valerie, Charles, and Justin Aldrich.","He ran for West Virginia Secretary of State in 1968, winning the election against Republican John Callebs. As Secretary of State, Rockefeller pushed for election law reform and broke up several county Democratic political machines. He was successful in making elections more transparent and in reducing instances of election fraud by removing the names of deceased people from the state's official list of registered voters.","Rockefeller announced his candidacy for governor of West Virginia in 1972 against incumbent Republican Governor Arch Moore. Moore won reelection by 72,000 votes.","Within months of his defeat, Rockefeller was named president of West Virginia Wesleyan College, located in Buckhannon, WV. Some of his biggest accomplishments include increasing enrollment, creating an active recruitment campaign, and streamlining operations. He submitted a letter of resignation to the College in 1975 to prepare for the next gubernatorial election, for which he campaigned throughout 1976.","Rockefeller's second run for governor was successful: he beat Republican candidate Cecil Underwood by more than 242,000 votes, the largest majority in state history. Natural disaster, strikes, and a worsening economy posed serious challenges during his years as governor. In the spring of 1977, major spring floods in the southern West Virginia counties of McDowell, Wayne, Logan, and Ming wiped entire towns away, and made safe housing above flood plains a focus of Rockefeller's administration.","The same year saw the beginning of the 111-day national Bituminous Coal Strike of 1977-1978 led by the United Mine Workers of America (UMWA) and the AFL-CIO. Rockefeller refused to call upon the National Guard to suppress the miners' strike. At its conclusion, President Jimmy Carter appointed Rockefeller to lead the first major federal study of coal mining in America in three decades. Rockefeller served as chair of the President's Commission on Coal and pushed for a national energy strategy that included Appalachian coal. He also created the West Virginia Board of Coal Mine Health and Safety, reorganized state agencies, and set up senior centers statewide.","In 1980, Rockefeller ran for a second term as governor, again facing Republican Arch Moore, and won by 64,000 votes. Rockefeller faced another challenging four years and worked to maintain the state's economy as the federal government cut funding in the midst of an economic downturn, industries struggled to remain open, and unemployment rates across the state rose.","At the end of his governorship, Rockefeller ran for the United States Senate as a Democrat against businessman John Raese of Morgantown, WV. Rockefeller won the 1984 election by four percentage points and went on to fill the seat left vacant after long-time Senator Jennings Randolph retired.","Rockefeller began his service in the U.S. Senate on January 15, 1985, and served until 2015. He became a leading champion for health care reform, an advocate for improving the lives of children and working families, and a supporter of the nation's soldiers, veterans, and senior citizens. He served as chair of the Committee on Veterans Affairs (1993-1994, 2001-2003); the Select Committee on Intelligence (2007-2009); the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation (2009-2015); and the Committee on Finance Subcommittee on Medicare and Long-term Care (1989-1994, 2001-2003, 2007-2014). He also served as vice-chair of the Select Committee on Intelligence (2003-2006).","He held additional leadership positions as chairman on the Pepper Commission (1987-1990), the U.S. Senate Steel Caucus (1989-1994, 2013-2015, co-chair 1995-2013), the National Commission on Children (1989-1993), and the Democratic Technology and Communications Committee (1995-2003). He was also a member of several Senate groups, including the Steering Committee on Democratic Policy, the Alternative Fuels Council, and the Coal Caucus.","Influenced by his two years in Emmons, WV, Rockefeller championed health care issues, and health care reform throughout his Senate career. He supported measures to improve and modernize Medicare, expand access to health care, and increase health coverage for children, authoring the Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP). He introduced and co-sponsored more than 2,000 pieces of major health-related legislation and provided leadership and policy on health care reform for both the Clinton and Obama administrations. During the latter, he contributed to the successful passage of the Affordable Care Act and was a proponent of providing people with a not-for-profit insurance company backed by the government, commonly known as a public option.","He was appointed to the Senate Finance Committee and its Subcommittee on Medicare and Long-term Care (later known as the Subcommittee on Health Care) in 1987 and served as chairman of the Subcommittee and ranking member until his retirement. In 1987, he also was elected chair of the U.S. Bipartisan Commission on Comprehensive Health Care, also known as the Pepper Commission, when the commission's original leader, Representative Claude Pepper (D-FL), passed away. The Commission was charged with developing legislation that would provide Americans with comprehensive health and long-term care coverage.","In recognition of his contributions to improving the wellbeing of children and families and supporting education, in 1988, President Ronald Reagan appointed Rockefeller chair of the National Commission on Children. Recommendations made by the Commission centered on the creation of a Child Tax Credit, expansion of the Earned Income Tax Credit, and improvement to the federal approach to child welfare. As a member of the Finance Committee, he worked on the tax code to provide better financial support to the middle class and working poor. He sought to toughen child support enforcement laws, improve federal adoption and foster care services, and ensure a safe environment for children in the child welfare system with educational programs aimed at substance abuse prevention and treatment. He also worked for renewed investment in schools, school construction, and teachers, particularly those located in rural and impoverished areas.","Senator Rockefeller was an advocate for veterans' issues, serving on the Veterans' Affairs Committee for the entirety of his Senate career and acting as both chair and ranking minority member. He especially focused on expanding research and treatment for service-related illnesses, such as Gulf War Illness, Agent Orange, and issues relating to Atomic Veterans. He brought attention to treatment of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and the reform of the Veterans Affairs (VA) health care system.","Throughout his time in the Senate, Rockefeller was deeply involved with issues related to energy, the environment, coal miners, and mine safety. The first bill Rockefeller introduced in the Senate in 1985 was legislation intended to reduce the backlog of pending black lung cases, and he consistently worked to preserve the Black Lung Trust Fund while protecting coal jobs.","In 1992, he introduced the Coal Act to ensure retired miners received health benefits, and he threatened to keep the Senate in session over Christmas if they refused to pass the bill, which he described as a peak moment in his career. The Coal Act was passed as part of the Energy Policy Act of 1992, creating two new health care funds to protect the health benefits of all union coal miners, along with their widows and dependents. In 1995, the UMWA named him an honorary member, a distinction rarely bestowed on an elected official, because of his efforts on behalf of miners.","Following the January 2006 West Virginia Sago and Aracoma mine disasters, which together led to the deaths of 14 men, Rockefeller brought several senators from the Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions (HELP) Committee to meet with families of the Sago mine workers. Rockefeller then joined Committee Chair Senator Mike Enzi (R-WY) and Ranking Member Senator Ted Kennedy (D-MA) in drafting the MINER Act, which was signed into law in June 2006, establishing important new mine safety regulations.","Senator Rockefeller served on the Senate Select Intelligence Committee, 2001-2014, during critical and difficult years for the SSCI and the intelligence community. In January 2001, then-Democratic leader Tom Daschle (D-SD) appointed Rockefeller to the Committee. Eight months later the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks occurred. In the months following the attacks, the United States launched operation Enduring Freedom in Afghanistan, and in March 2003, invaded Iraq. These events changed the nature and conduct of intelligence oversight. During Rockefeller's tenure on the committee, and particularly during his time as vice chairman and chairman, he made significant contributions in key areas, including the 9/11 investigation; the Iraq War and flawed intelligence on weapons of mass destruction; intelligence community reform; surveillance oversight and reform; the CIA's detention and interrogation program; cybersecurity; and the intelligence authorization process.","Rockefeller also made significant contributions to communications policy. He co-authored the Universal Service Program for Schools and Libraries, known as E-Rate, which was authorized as part of the Telecommunications Act of 1996, making telecommunications and information services more affordable for schools and libraries. In 2010, Rockefeller introduced the Public Safety Spectrum Act, which created FirstNet, a nationwide wireless broadband network for the nation's first responders. It was signed into law as part of the Middle Class Tax Relief and Job Creation Act of 2012. He also supported net neutrality protections to keep the Internet open and free, and in 2011, he successfully led the Senate Floor against a resolution of disapproval of net neutrality rules.","He also championed the steel industry in West Virginia and the nation, earning him the nickname \"Senator Steel.\" Much of his work, launched largely through his position as co-chair of the Senate Steel Caucus, focused on providing income support and job training to laid-off employees and their families through Trade Adjustment Assistance (TAA), working with individual steel companies to mitigate the effects of closure and downsizing, and intervening in steel employee strikes. As a member of both the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, and the Committee on Finance, Rockefeller also addressed concerns about American manufacturing; trade protections and relief for workers negatively impacted by trade; and tax credits supporting research and development and encouraging businesses to build and expand.","For the state of West Virginia, Senator Rockefeller made jobs and economic development a priority. In 1988 he founded the Discover the Real West Virginia Program (DRWV), later formalized as the Discover the Real West Virginia Foundation, which showcased business and investment opportunities in West Virginia. He launched the \"Project Harvest\" trade mission in 1995 to bring state and international business leaders and investors together. Rockefeller's early experiences in Japan and knowledge of the language and culture aided in attracting the Toyota company to the state, resulting in the opening of the Buffalo, WV, plant in 1996. In the ensuing years, more than 20 other Japanese companies followed. Further, he encouraged the growth of the West Virginia tourism and travel industry through legislation that conserved lands, designated scenic areas, and promoted better transportation infrastructure.","In January 2013, Senator Rockefeller announced that he would not seek reelection. In his retirement announcement, he reflected that \"public service demands, and deserves nothing less than every single thing that you have to bring to bear, and that is what I have given.\" As he prepared to leave the Congress in December 2014, his Senate colleagues offered tributes on the Senate Floor recognizing his impressive legislative record, distinguished career, and legacy of compassionate and conscientious service.","Sources:","Grimes, Richard S. \"Jay Rockefeller.\" The West Virginia Encyclopedia.","Jay: A Rockefeller's Journey. Produced by Suzanne Higgins and Russ Barbour. 2015. Online video. West Virginia Public Broadcasting.","\"A Record of Achievement for West Virginia: Energy and Environment Issues (Legacy on Energy, Environment and Coal Miners),\" 2014 May 30, A\u0026M 4050, Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries.","\"Review of Senator John D. Rockefeller's Service on the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence: 2001-2015,\" 2014 December 17, A\u0026M 4050, Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries.","\"Rockefeller, John Davison IV (Jay), (1937 - ).\" Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, 1774-present.","\"Senator Jay Rockefeller Retirement Announcement.\" 2013 January 11, 2013. Online video clip. C-SPAN.","\"Senator Rockefeller's Health Care Accomplishments: 99th-113th Congress Memorandum,\" 2014, A\u0026M 4050, Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries.","\"Tributes to John D. Rockefeller.\" 2014 December 4. Congressional Record 160:147 p. S6343. Congress.gov.","\"Veterans' Legacy Memorandum,\" 2014 April 11, A\u0026M 4050, Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries.\n \n\"West Virginia Wesleyan College Legacy Memorandum,\" 2014 October, A\u0026M 4050, Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries.","\"A Record of Achievement for West Virginia: Diversifying West Virginia's Economy for the 21st Century (Your Legacy Memo on Jobs and Economic Growth in West Virginia),\" 2014, A\u0026M 4050, Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries.","\"Your Legacy on FirstNet – Public Safety Spectrum Act,\" 2014 October 24, A\u0026M 4050, Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries.","\"Your Legacy on Net Neutrality,\" 2014 October 3, A\u0026M 4050, Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA\u0026amp;M 4050, Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["A\u0026M 4050, Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed by Danielle Emerling, 2015-\nProcessing assistants: Ashley Brooker, Dzondria Tarver, Leo Gmeindl, Casey DeHaven, Joshua Childs\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers are in process. The contents of this finding aid will be revised as progress is made on the collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed by Danielle Emerling, 2015-\nProcessing assistants: Ashley Brooker, Dzondria Tarver, Leo Gmeindl, Casey DeHaven, Joshua Childs","The Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers are in process. The contents of this finding aid will be revised as progress is made on the collection."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe bulk of the Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers document his 30-year career in the United States Senate with additional materials related to his earlier political career.  The records were maintained by Senator Rockefeller's Washington, DC, office and West Virginia state offices in Charleston, Beckley, Fairmont, and Martinsburg. Record formats include papers, audiovisual materials, born-digital resources, photographs, and memorabilia. The collection consists of approximately 2011 linear feet of paper records and two terabytes of electronic records.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe first subgroup, Constituent Services, reflects the work Senator Rockefeller and his staff performed for the state and people of West Virginia. It consists of constituent casework, issue mail, grant and project files, and academy files. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe second subgroup, Legislative files, is composed of materials related to legislative and committee work. Legislative staff files; subject files; correspondence; committee files; and legislative activities, voting records, and accomplishments comprise this subgroup. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe third subgroup, Press files, illustrates Senator Rockefeller's interactions with the media and outreach to the state of West Virginia and his constituents. It contains press staff files, speeches and statements, press releases, photographs, audiovisual materials, clippings, publications, and newsletters and mailings. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe fourth subgroup, Personal and Political files, consists of Legacy Memos, schedules, personal files and correspondence, campaign files, and trip files.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe fifth subgroup, Office files, contains a small number of office management files. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe sixth subgroup, Memorabilia, consists of a large collection of framed items, plaques, and objects, many of which Senator Rockefeller received as gifts during his service. It contains a large number of foreign gifts, particularly from Japan and Taiwan. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The bulk of the Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers document his 30-year career in the United States Senate with additional materials related to his earlier political career.  The records were maintained by Senator Rockefeller's Washington, DC, office and West Virginia state offices in Charleston, Beckley, Fairmont, and Martinsburg. Record formats include papers, audiovisual materials, born-digital resources, photographs, and memorabilia. The collection consists of approximately 2011 linear feet of paper records and two terabytes of electronic records.","The first subgroup, Constituent Services, reflects the work Senator Rockefeller and his staff performed for the state and people of West Virginia. It consists of constituent casework, issue mail, grant and project files, and academy files.","The second subgroup, Legislative files, is composed of materials related to legislative and committee work. Legislative staff files; subject files; correspondence; committee files; and legislative activities, voting records, and accomplishments comprise this subgroup.","The third subgroup, Press files, illustrates Senator Rockefeller's interactions with the media and outreach to the state of West Virginia and his constituents. It contains press staff files, speeches and statements, press releases, photographs, audiovisual materials, clippings, publications, and newsletters and mailings.","The fourth subgroup, Personal and Political files, consists of Legacy Memos, schedules, personal files and correspondence, campaign files, and trip files.","The fifth subgroup, Office files, contains a small number of office management files.","The sixth subgroup, Memorabilia, consists of a large collection of framed items, plaques, and objects, many of which Senator Rockefeller received as gifts during his service. It contains a large number of foreign gifts, particularly from Japan and Taiwan."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials may contain sensitive or private information. Researchers may use data collected from these materials in the statistical aggregate or as an example to illustrate a theme. No identifying information should point to specific individuals or families mentioned in the files. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMaterials produced by public servants while carrying out official duties are not copyrighted. Materials created outside of official duties, including diaries, personal correspondence, and campaign materials, are protected by copyright. Use of materials from this collection beyond the exceptions provided for in the Fair Use and Educational Use clauses of the U.S. Copyright Law may violate federal law. Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please contact the West Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Materials may contain sensitive or private information. Researchers may use data collected from these materials in the statistical aggregate or as an example to illustrate a theme. No identifying information should point to specific individuals or families mentioned in the files.","Materials produced by public servants while carrying out official duties are not copyrighted. Materials created outside of official duties, including diaries, personal correspondence, and campaign materials, are protected by copyright. Use of materials from this collection beyond the exceptions provided for in the Fair Use and Educational Use clauses of the U.S. Copyright Law may violate federal law. Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please contact the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_5d14eb4df51da22c7256b340d3bf4196\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eJohn Davison (Jay) Rockefeller IV (b. 1937) represented West Virginia in the United States Senate for five terms. He was elected as a Democrat to the Ninety-ninth Congress and served from January 15, 1985, to January 3, 2015. He was not a candidate for reelection in 2014. Rockefeller previously served in the West Virginia House of Delegates (1966-1968); as Secretary of State of West Virginia (1968-1972); president of West Virginia Wesleyan College (1973-1976); and Governor of West Virginia (1977-1985). From 1964-1966, he was a volunteer in the Volunteers In Service To America (VISTA) program in Emmons, West Virginia. The bulk of the Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers document his 30-year career in the United States Senate with additional materials related to his earlier political career.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["John Davison (Jay) Rockefeller IV (b. 1937) represented West Virginia in the United States Senate for five terms. He was elected as a Democrat to the Ninety-ninth Congress and served from January 15, 1985, to January 3, 2015. He was not a candidate for reelection in 2014. Rockefeller previously served in the West Virginia House of Delegates (1966-1968); as Secretary of State of West Virginia (1968-1972); president of West Virginia Wesleyan College (1973-1976); and Governor of West Virginia (1977-1985). From 1964-1966, he was a volunteer in the Volunteers In Service To America (VISTA) program in Emmons, West Virginia. The bulk of the Senator John D. 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