{"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1996\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Richmond+%28Va.%29","last":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1996\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Richmond+%28Va.%29\u0026page=1"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":1,"next_page":null,"prev_page":null,"total_pages":1,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":0,"total_count":7,"first_page?":true,"last_page?":true}},"data":[{"id":"vino_repositories_2_resources_50","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Allan Blank Papers, 1958/2009","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_2_resources_50#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Blank, Allan (1925-2013)","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_2_resources_50#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Allan Blank Papers consist primarily of scores (mainly in manuscript and facsimile formats) and materials related directly to his significant compositions and published materials, including programs, reviews and recordings. 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Materials in this collection also document some of Mr. Blank's personal and professional interests.","Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries.","ODU Diehn Composers Room Collection","Old Dominion University","American String Teachers Association","Association for the Promotion of New Music","National Endowment for the Arts","Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestra","Virginia Commission on the Arts","Virginia Commonwealth University","Virginia Music Educators Association","Blank, Allan (1925-2013)","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Allan Blank Papers, 1958/2009"],"collection_ssim":["Allan Blank Papers, 1958/2009"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["DCR MG 5","/repositories/2/resources/50"],"unitid_tesim":["DCR MG 5","/repositories/2/resources/50"],"repository_ssm":["Old Dominion University"],"repository_ssim":["Old Dominion University"],"geogname_ssm":["Hampton Roads (Va. : Region)","Richmond (Va.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Hampton Roads (Va. : Region)","Richmond (Va.)"],"places_ssim":["Hampton Roads (Va. : Region)","Richmond (Va.)"],"creator_ssm":["Blank, Allan (1925-2013)"],"creator_ssim":["Blank, Allan (1925-2013)"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Blank, Allan (1925-2013)"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["ODU Diehn Composers Room Collection","Old Dominion University","American String Teachers Association","Association for the Promotion of New Music","National Endowment for the Arts","Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestra","Virginia Commission on the Arts","Virginia Commonwealth University","Virginia Music Educators Association"],"creators_ssim":["Blank, Allan (1925-2013)","ODU Diehn Composers Room Collection","Old Dominion University","American String Teachers Association","Association for the Promotion of New Music","National Endowment for the Arts","Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestra","Virginia Commission on the Arts","Virginia Commonwealth University","Virginia Music Educators Association"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Allan Blank","Gift"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Vocal Music--20th century","Music--United States--20th century","Opera--Juvenile","Operas"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Vocal Music--20th century","Music--United States--20th century","Opera--Juvenile","Operas"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["62.30 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["62.30 Linear Feet"],"date_range_isim":[1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOpen to researchers without restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Open to researchers without restrictions."],"accruals_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdditions were made in 2000, 2009, and 2010.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accruals_heading_ssm":["Accruals and Additions"],"accruals_tesim":["Additions were made in 2000, 2009, and 2010."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection has been organized into seven series: Series I: Original Compositions; Series II: Sketches and Sketchbooks; Series III: Correspondence; Series IV: Programs; Series V: Publicity; Series VI: Personal and Professional Reference Materials; and Series VII: Videos and Recordings.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement Note"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection has been organized into seven series: Series I: Original Compositions; Series II: Sketches and Sketchbooks; Series III: Correspondence; Series IV: Programs; Series V: Publicity; Series VI: Personal and Professional Reference Materials; and Series VII: Videos and Recordings."],"phystech_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOriginal reel to reel recordings are not available for use.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"phystech_heading_ssm":["Physical Access Requirements"],"phystech_tesim":["Original reel to reel recordings are not available for use."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], Allan Blank Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], Allan Blank Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection was processed by Jessica Mirasol in 2010.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The collection was processed by Jessica Mirasol in 2010."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Allan Blank Papers consist primarily of scores (mainly in manuscript and facsimile formats) and materials related directly to his significant compositions and published materials, including programs, reviews and recordings. 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Materials in this collection also document some of Mr. Blank's personal and professional interests."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"corpname_ssim":["ODU Diehn Composers Room Collection","Old Dominion University","American String Teachers Association","Association for the Promotion of New Music","National Endowment for the Arts","Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestra","Virginia Commission on the Arts","Virginia Commonwealth University","Virginia Music Educators Association"],"names_coll_ssim":["Old Dominion University","American String Teachers Association","Association for the Promotion of New Music","National Endowment for the Arts","Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestra","Virginia Commission on the Arts","Virginia Commonwealth University","Virginia Music Educators Association","Blank, Allan (1925-2013)"],"persname_ssim":["Blank, Allan (1925-2013)"],"names_ssim":["ODU Diehn Composers Room Collection","Old Dominion University","American String Teachers Association","Association for the Promotion of New Music","National Endowment for the Arts","Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestra","Virginia Commission on the Arts","Virginia Commonwealth University","Virginia Music Educators Association","Blank, Allan (1925-2013)"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":752,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:39:05.984Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vino_repositories_2_resources_50","ead_ssi":"vino_repositories_2_resources_50","_root_":"vino_repositories_2_resources_50","_nest_parent_":"vino_repositories_2_resources_50","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/ODU/repositories_2_resources_50.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archivesguides.lib.odu.edu/repositories/2/resources/50","title_filing_ssi":"Blank, Allan","title_ssm":["Allan Blank Papers"],"title_tesim":["Allan Blank Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1958-2009, undated","Date acquired: 00/00/1999"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1958-2009, undated"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["Date acquired: 00/00/1999"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1958/2009"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Allan Blank Papers, 1958/2009"],"text":["Allan Blank Papers, 1958/2009","DCR MG 5","/repositories/2/resources/50","Hampton Roads (Va. : Region)","Richmond (Va.)","Vocal Music--20th century","Music--United States--20th century","Opera--Juvenile","Operas","Open to researchers without restrictions.","Additions were made in 2000, 2009, and 2010.","This collection has been organized into seven series: Series I: Original Compositions; Series II: Sketches and Sketchbooks; Series III: Correspondence; Series IV: Programs; Series V: Publicity; Series VI: Personal and Professional Reference Materials; and Series VII: Videos and Recordings.","Original reel to reel recordings are not available for use.","The collection was processed by Jessica Mirasol in 2010.","The Allan Blank Papers consist primarily of scores (mainly in manuscript and facsimile formats) and materials related directly to his significant compositions and published materials, including programs, reviews and recordings. His compositions encompass a wide range of instrumentation and format. His works include pieces for a solo instrument, full orchestra, chamber ensemble, voice, music for children, and opera. Materials in this collection also document some of Mr. Blank's personal and professional interests.","Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries.","ODU Diehn Composers Room Collection","Old Dominion University","American String Teachers Association","Association for the Promotion of New Music","National Endowment for the Arts","Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestra","Virginia Commission on the Arts","Virginia Commonwealth University","Virginia Music Educators Association","Blank, Allan (1925-2013)","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Allan Blank Papers, 1958/2009"],"collection_ssim":["Allan Blank Papers, 1958/2009"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["DCR MG 5","/repositories/2/resources/50"],"unitid_tesim":["DCR MG 5","/repositories/2/resources/50"],"repository_ssm":["Old Dominion University"],"repository_ssim":["Old Dominion University"],"geogname_ssm":["Hampton Roads (Va. : Region)","Richmond (Va.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Hampton Roads (Va. : Region)","Richmond (Va.)"],"places_ssim":["Hampton Roads (Va. : Region)","Richmond (Va.)"],"creator_ssm":["Blank, Allan (1925-2013)"],"creator_ssim":["Blank, Allan (1925-2013)"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Blank, Allan (1925-2013)"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["ODU Diehn Composers Room Collection","Old Dominion University","American String Teachers Association","Association for the Promotion of New Music","National Endowment for the Arts","Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestra","Virginia Commission on the Arts","Virginia Commonwealth University","Virginia Music Educators Association"],"creators_ssim":["Blank, Allan (1925-2013)","ODU Diehn Composers Room Collection","Old Dominion University","American String Teachers Association","Association for the Promotion of New Music","National Endowment for the Arts","Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestra","Virginia Commission on the Arts","Virginia Commonwealth University","Virginia Music Educators Association"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Allan Blank","Gift"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Vocal Music--20th century","Music--United States--20th century","Opera--Juvenile","Operas"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Vocal Music--20th century","Music--United States--20th century","Opera--Juvenile","Operas"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["62.30 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["62.30 Linear Feet"],"date_range_isim":[1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOpen to researchers without restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Open to researchers without restrictions."],"accruals_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdditions were made in 2000, 2009, and 2010.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accruals_heading_ssm":["Accruals and Additions"],"accruals_tesim":["Additions were made in 2000, 2009, and 2010."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection has been organized into seven series: Series I: Original Compositions; Series II: Sketches and Sketchbooks; Series III: Correspondence; Series IV: Programs; Series V: Publicity; Series VI: Personal and Professional Reference Materials; and Series VII: Videos and Recordings.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement Note"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection has been organized into seven series: Series I: Original Compositions; Series II: Sketches and Sketchbooks; Series III: Correspondence; Series IV: Programs; Series V: Publicity; Series VI: Personal and Professional Reference Materials; and Series VII: Videos and Recordings."],"phystech_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOriginal reel to reel recordings are not available for use.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"phystech_heading_ssm":["Physical Access Requirements"],"phystech_tesim":["Original reel to reel recordings are not available for use."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], Allan Blank Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], Allan Blank Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection was processed by Jessica Mirasol in 2010.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The collection was processed by Jessica Mirasol in 2010."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Allan Blank Papers consist primarily of scores (mainly in manuscript and facsimile formats) and materials related directly to his significant compositions and published materials, including programs, reviews and recordings. 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Materials in this collection also document some of Mr. Blank's personal and professional interests."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"corpname_ssim":["ODU Diehn Composers Room Collection","Old Dominion University","American String Teachers Association","Association for the Promotion of New Music","National Endowment for the Arts","Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestra","Virginia Commission on the Arts","Virginia Commonwealth University","Virginia Music Educators Association"],"names_coll_ssim":["Old Dominion University","American String Teachers Association","Association for the Promotion of New Music","National Endowment for the Arts","Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestra","Virginia Commission on the Arts","Virginia Commonwealth University","Virginia Music Educators Association","Blank, Allan (1925-2013)"],"persname_ssim":["Blank, Allan (1925-2013)"],"names_ssim":["ODU Diehn Composers Room Collection","Old Dominion University","American String Teachers Association","Association for the Promotion of New Music","National Endowment for the Arts","Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestra","Virginia Commission on the Arts","Virginia Commonwealth University","Virginia Music Educators Association","Blank, Allan (1925-2013)"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":752,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:39:05.984Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_2_resources_50"}},{"id":"viur_repositories_4_resources_27","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Dr. and Mrs. Wyatt Tee Walker collection, 1953/2016","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viur_repositories_4_resources_27#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Walker, Wyatt Tee","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viur_repositories_4_resources_27#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"This collection includes material related to and collected by the Reverend Dr. Wyatt Tee Walker and his wife, Theresa Ann Edwards Walkers. Materials include personal papers and administrative files of Dr. and Mrs. Walker, audio recordings of Dr. Walker's church services, honors and awards given to Dr. and Mrs. Walker, photographs and slides taken by or depicting Dr. Walker, Dr. Walker's published works and unpublished manuscripts, and other memorabilia and ephemera. Also included is an oral history performed with Dr. and Mrs. Walker.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viur_repositories_4_resources_27#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viur_repositories_4_resources_27","ead_ssi":"viur_repositories_4_resources_27","_root_":"viur_repositories_4_resources_27","_nest_parent_":"viur_repositories_4_resources_27","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/RICH/repositories_4_resources_27.xml","title_ssm":["Dr. and Mrs. Wyatt Tee Walker collection"],"title_tesim":["Dr. and Mrs. Wyatt Tee Walker collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1953-2016"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1953-2016"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1953/2016"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Dr. and Mrs. Wyatt Tee Walker collection, 1953/2016"],"text":["Dr. and Mrs. Wyatt Tee Walker collection, 1953/2016","MS-24","/repositories/4/resources/27","Petersburg (Va.)","Richmond (Va.)","Jackson (Miss.)","New York (N.Y.)","Birmingham (Ala.)","Civil rights","Civil rights movements","Civil rights demonstrations","Civil rights workers","State action (Civil rights)","African American civil rights workers","Women civil rights workers","African American women civil rights workers","Civil rights -- America","Civil rights -- Religious aspects","Black people -- Civil rights","Civil rights -- Africa","African American churches","Nonbook Materials","Finance","Project management","Church management","Campaign management","Management","Scholarships","Voter registration","Freedom Rides, 1961","Boycotts","Segregation","Racism","Race relations","Social justice","Christianity and justice","Actions and defenses","Libel and slander","Discrimination in employment","Manuscripts","Photographs","Audio-visual materials","Clippings","Personal correspondence","Invoices","Periodicals","Pamphlets","The majority of this collection is closed pending processing. Portions of four series are currently open to research, encompassing manuscript material dated through 1964.","Material is arranged into multiple series, with three series currently open for research.","Series 1: Biographical: Theresa Ann Walker\n      Series 2: Biographical: Wyatt Tee Walker\n      Subseries 2.2: Correspondence\n      Subseries 2.3: Civil Rights and Religious Work\n      Series 3: Gillfield Baptist Church\n      Subseries 3.1: Sermons\n      Subseries 3.2: Programs and ephemera\n      Subseries 3.3: Administrative records\n      Series 4: Southern Christian Leadership Conference\n      Subseries 4.1: Administrative\n      Subseries 4.2: Correspondence\n      Subseries 4.3: Publications\n      Subseries 4.4: Programs and campaigns\n      Subseries 4.5: Legal work\n      Subseries 4.6: Related organizations\n      Subseries 4.7: Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.","The Reverend Dr. Wyatt Tee Walker was born August 16, 1928 in Brockton, Massachusetts. Raised primarily in Merchantville, New Jersey, Walker attended Virginia Union University in Richmond, Virginia, earning bachelor's degrees in chemistry and physics before attending VUU's seminary school for his Masters of Divinity. During his time at VUU, he married his wife, Theresa Ann Walker née Edwards, who would remain an active partner at his side throughout his life. While in seminary, Walker was the head of the university's Inter-Seminary Movement, where he first met Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Walker and King would remain friends until King's assassination in 1968.","After graduating from seminary, Walker was called in 1953 to serve as the pastor of the historic Gillfield Baptist Church in Petersburg, Virginia, serving until 1960. During this time he founded the Petersburg Improvement Association, served as president for the local National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) chapter, and co-founded and served as state director for the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE). He also actively worked to integrate the city of Petersburg, successfully desegregating the Petersburg Public Library, lunch counters, and bus stops in the city.","In 1960, Walker was recruited to serve as the first full-time executive director and chief strategist of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), Dr. King's civil rights organization. He served in this role until 1964, overseeing the organization of several notable events in the Civil Rights Movement, including Project \"C\", SCLC's involvement in the Birmingham campaign, and the 1964 March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom. In 1961, Walker and his wife were arrested as Freedom Riders in Jackson, Mississippi. Mrs. Walker also survived a hotel bombing with their children and multiple other arrests for her role in the Civil Rights Movement.","After leaving SCLC in 1964, Walker worked with the Negro Heritage Library, an organization focused on getting Black literature into the public education system. In 1968 Dr. Walker was called to serve as senior pastor at Canaan Baptist Church of Christ in Harlem, New York, where he served for 37 years. He was installed as pastor in late March by Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., who gave his final sermon in New York City at the installation service before his assassination a few weeks later. Walker then organized King's funeral in New York City at the express request of Coretta Scott King, an event he would later call \"the crowning achievement of my organizational career.\" He would prove to be a productive pastor for Canaan, at one point receiving a million dollars annually in tithes, expanding the church building, and leading multiple church trips to the Holy Land and other international destinations including Japan.","During his time at Canaan, Walker continued his civil rights work, expanding his scope to international civil rights, serving on the board of Al Sharpton's National Action Network and a number of other organizations. A vocal supporter of anti-apartheid, Walker visited South Africa several times, serving as an election monitor in Souther Africa's first open election and becoming close friends with Nelson Mandela, who would visit Canaan Baptist Church as one of his first stops on his first presidential visit to the United States. Walker also worked with Governor Nelson Rockefeller as a special assistant on urban affairs. When national banks pulled out of Harlem, Walker opened Freedom National Bank to serve the Black community. He also developed a number of public housing projects, at one time acting as the largest single public housing developer in New York. Frustrated with the failures of the public education system, Walker worked to help pass the New York State charter school law and co-found the first charter school in the state, the Sisulu-Walker Charter School of Harlem.","In his down time, Walker enjoyed sailing, belonging to a local yacht club in Yonkers, New York, and photography. After receiving a doctorate in ethnomusicology from Colgate-Rochester Divinity School, he went on to teach seminary classes at Virginia Union University and United Theological Seminary in Dayton, Ohio.","Walker retired from Canaan Baptist Church of Christ in 2004 after a series of strokes, moving to Chester, Virginia. In 2015 he and Mrs. Walker donated the Dr. and Mrs. Wyatt Tee Walker Collection to the University of Richmond, recording an oral history with the university in 2016. He remained in Virginia with his wife until his death at the age of 89 on January 23, 2018.","Processed by Taylor McNeilly and Andrea Kohashi.","Materials in this collection include personal papers and administrative files of Dr. Walker, audio recordings of church services he led primarily at Canaan Baptist Church of Christ, photographs and slides taken by Dr. Walker and his family, honors and awards given to Dr. and Mrs. Walker, Dr. Walker's personal library, Dr. Walker's published books, and other memorabilia and ephemera. Also included is an oral history performed with Dr. Walker and his wife.","Dr. Walker's personal library has been separated from the collection and is housed within the Galvin Rare Book Room. These items can be found in our online catalog by searching \"Dr. \u0026 Mrs. Wyatt Tee Walker Collection.\"","This collection includes material related to and collected by the Reverend Dr. Wyatt Tee Walker and his wife, Theresa Ann Edwards Walkers. Materials include personal papers and administrative files of Dr. and Mrs. Walker, audio recordings of Dr. Walker's church services, honors and awards given to Dr. and Mrs. Walker, photographs and slides taken by or depicting Dr. Walker, Dr. Walker's published works and unpublished manuscripts, and other memorabilia and ephemera. Also included is an oral history performed with Dr. and Mrs. Walker.","University of Richmond","Southern Christian Leadership Conference","Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (U.S.)","National Lawyers Guild. Committee to Assist Southern Lawyers","Congress of Racial Equality","National Association for the Advancement of Colored People","Southern Conference Educational Fund","Highlander Research and Education Center (Knoxville, Tenn.)","Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity","Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights","National Catholic Conference for Interracial Justice","United States Commission on Civil Rights","Leadership Conference on Civil Rights","United States. Civil Rights Act of 1964","Walker, Wyatt Tee","Walker, Theresa Ann","Hughes, Langston, 1902-1967","King, Martin Luther, Jr., 1929-1968","Lewis, John, 1940-2020","Abernathy, Ralph, 1926-1990","Shuttlesworth, Fred L., 1922-2011","Jackson, Mahalia, 1911-1972","Barnett, Ross R. (Ross Robert), 1898-1987","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Dr. and Mrs. Wyatt Tee Walker collection, 1953/2016"],"collection_ssim":["Dr. and Mrs. Wyatt Tee Walker collection, 1953/2016"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS-24","/repositories/4/resources/27"],"unitid_tesim":["MS-24","/repositories/4/resources/27"],"repository_ssm":["University of Richmond"],"repository_ssim":["University of Richmond"],"geogname_ssm":["Petersburg (Va.)","Richmond (Va.)","Jackson (Miss.)","New York (N.Y.)","Birmingham (Ala.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Petersburg (Va.)","Richmond (Va.)","Jackson (Miss.)","New York (N.Y.)","Birmingham (Ala.)"],"places_ssim":["Petersburg (Va.)","Richmond (Va.)","Jackson (Miss.)","New York (N.Y.)","Birmingham (Ala.)"],"creator_ssm":["Walker, Wyatt Tee","Walker, Theresa Ann","Southern Christian Leadership Conference","Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (U.S.)","Hughes, Langston, 1902-1967","King, Martin Luther, Jr., 1929-1968","National Lawyers Guild. Committee to Assist Southern Lawyers","Congress of Racial Equality","National Association for the Advancement of Colored People","Southern Conference Educational Fund","Highlander Research and Education Center (Knoxville, Tenn.)","Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity","Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights","National Catholic Conference for Interracial Justice","United States Commission on Civil Rights","Leadership Conference on Civil Rights"],"creator_ssim":["Walker, Wyatt Tee","Walker, Theresa Ann","Southern Christian Leadership Conference","Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (U.S.)","Hughes, Langston, 1902-1967","King, Martin Luther, Jr., 1929-1968","National Lawyers Guild. Committee to Assist Southern Lawyers","Congress of Racial Equality","National Association for the Advancement of Colored People","Southern Conference Educational Fund","Highlander Research and Education Center (Knoxville, Tenn.)","Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity","Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights","National Catholic Conference for Interracial Justice","United States Commission on Civil Rights","Leadership Conference on Civil Rights"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Walker, Wyatt Tee","Walker, Theresa Ann","Hughes, Langston, 1902-1967","King, Martin Luther, Jr., 1929-1968","Lewis, John, 1940-2020","Abernathy, Ralph, 1926-1990","Shuttlesworth, Fred L., 1922-2011","Jackson, Mahalia, 1911-1972","Barnett, Ross R. (Ross Robert), 1898-1987"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["University of Richmond","Southern Christian Leadership Conference","Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (U.S.)","National Lawyers Guild. Committee to Assist Southern Lawyers","Congress of Racial Equality","National Association for the Advancement of Colored People","Southern Conference Educational Fund","Highlander Research and Education Center (Knoxville, Tenn.)","Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity","Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights","National Catholic Conference for Interracial Justice","United States Commission on Civil Rights","Leadership Conference on Civil Rights","United States. Civil Rights Act of 1964"],"creators_ssim":["Walker, Wyatt Tee","Walker, Theresa Ann","Hughes, Langston, 1902-1967","King, Martin Luther, Jr., 1929-1968","Lewis, John, 1940-2020","Abernathy, Ralph, 1926-1990","Shuttlesworth, Fred L., 1922-2011","Jackson, Mahalia, 1911-1972","Barnett, Ross R. (Ross Robert), 1898-1987","University of Richmond","Southern Christian Leadership Conference","Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (U.S.)","National Lawyers Guild. Committee to Assist Southern Lawyers","Congress of Racial Equality","National Association for the Advancement of Colored People","Southern Conference Educational Fund","Highlander Research and Education Center (Knoxville, Tenn.)","Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity","Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights","National Catholic Conference for Interracial Justice","United States Commission on Civil Rights","Leadership Conference on Civil Rights","United States. Civil Rights Act of 1964"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Material was donated to the university by Dr. Walker, his wife, and their family."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Civil rights","Civil rights movements","Civil rights demonstrations","Civil rights workers","State action (Civil rights)","African American civil rights workers","Women civil rights workers","African American women civil rights workers","Civil rights -- America","Civil rights -- Religious aspects","Black people -- Civil rights","Civil rights -- Africa","African American churches","Nonbook Materials","Finance","Project management","Church management","Campaign management","Management","Scholarships","Voter registration","Freedom Rides, 1961","Boycotts","Segregation","Racism","Race relations","Social justice","Christianity and justice","Actions and defenses","Libel and slander","Discrimination in employment","Manuscripts","Photographs","Audio-visual materials","Clippings","Personal correspondence","Invoices","Periodicals","Pamphlets"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Civil rights","Civil rights movements","Civil rights demonstrations","Civil rights workers","State action (Civil rights)","African American civil rights workers","Women civil rights workers","African American women civil rights workers","Civil rights -- America","Civil rights -- Religious aspects","Black people -- Civil rights","Civil rights -- Africa","African American churches","Nonbook Materials","Finance","Project management","Church management","Campaign management","Management","Scholarships","Voter registration","Freedom Rides, 1961","Boycotts","Segregation","Racism","Race relations","Social justice","Christianity and justice","Actions and defenses","Libel and slander","Discrimination in employment","Manuscripts","Photographs","Audio-visual materials","Clippings","Personal correspondence","Invoices","Periodicals","Pamphlets"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["50 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["50 Linear Feet"],"physfacet_tesim":["This is an approximate estimate while we wait for the final deposit and complete processing."],"genreform_ssim":["Manuscripts","Photographs","Audio-visual materials","Clippings","Personal correspondence","Invoices","Periodicals","Pamphlets"],"date_range_isim":[1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe majority of this collection is closed pending processing. Portions of four series are currently open to research, encompassing manuscript material dated through 1964.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The majority of this collection is closed pending processing. Portions of four series are currently open to research, encompassing manuscript material dated through 1964."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterial is arranged into multiple series, with three series currently open for research.\u003c/p\u003e    ","\u003clist numeration=\"arabic\" type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\u003cemph\u003eSeries 1:\u003c/emph\u003e Biographical: Theresa Ann Walker\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 2: Biographical: Wyatt Tee Walker\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSubseries 2.2: Correspondence\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSubseries 2.3: Civil Rights and Religious Work\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 3: Gillfield Baptist Church\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSubseries 3.1: Sermons\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSubseries 3.2: Programs and ephemera\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSubseries 3.3: Administrative records\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 4: Southern Christian Leadership Conference\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSubseries 4.1: Administrative\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSubseries 4.2: Correspondence\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSubseries 4.3: Publications\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSubseries 4.4: Programs and campaigns\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSubseries 4.5: Legal work\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSubseries 4.6: Related organizations\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSubseries 4.7: Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Material is arranged into multiple series, with three series currently open for research.","Series 1: Biographical: Theresa Ann Walker\n      Series 2: Biographical: Wyatt Tee Walker\n      Subseries 2.2: Correspondence\n      Subseries 2.3: Civil Rights and Religious Work\n      Series 3: Gillfield Baptist Church\n      Subseries 3.1: Sermons\n      Subseries 3.2: Programs and ephemera\n      Subseries 3.3: Administrative records\n      Series 4: Southern Christian Leadership Conference\n      Subseries 4.1: Administrative\n      Subseries 4.2: Correspondence\n      Subseries 4.3: Publications\n      Subseries 4.4: Programs and campaigns\n      Subseries 4.5: Legal work\n      Subseries 4.6: Related organizations\n      Subseries 4.7: Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Reverend Dr. Wyatt Tee Walker was born August 16, 1928 in Brockton, Massachusetts. Raised primarily in Merchantville, New Jersey, Walker attended Virginia Union University in Richmond, Virginia, earning bachelor's degrees in chemistry and physics before attending VUU's seminary school for his Masters of Divinity. During his time at VUU, he married his wife, Theresa Ann Walker née Edwards, who would remain an active partner at his side throughout his life. While in seminary, Walker was the head of the university's Inter-Seminary Movement, where he first met Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Walker and King would remain friends until King's assassination in 1968.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAfter graduating from seminary, Walker was called in 1953 to serve as the pastor of the historic Gillfield Baptist Church in Petersburg, Virginia, serving until 1960. During this time he founded the Petersburg Improvement Association, served as president for the local National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) chapter, and co-founded and served as state director for the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE). He also actively worked to integrate the city of Petersburg, successfully desegregating the Petersburg Public Library, lunch counters, and bus stops in the city.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1960, Walker was recruited to serve as the first full-time executive director and chief strategist of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), Dr. King's civil rights organization. He served in this role until 1964, overseeing the organization of several notable events in the Civil Rights Movement, including Project \"C\", SCLC's involvement in the Birmingham campaign, and the 1964 March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom. In 1961, Walker and his wife were arrested as Freedom Riders in Jackson, Mississippi. Mrs. Walker also survived a hotel bombing with their children and multiple other arrests for her role in the Civil Rights Movement.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAfter leaving SCLC in 1964, Walker worked with the Negro Heritage Library, an organization focused on getting Black literature into the public education system. In 1968 Dr. Walker was called to serve as senior pastor at Canaan Baptist Church of Christ in Harlem, New York, where he served for 37 years. He was installed as pastor in late March by Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., who gave his final sermon in New York City at the installation service before his assassination a few weeks later. Walker then organized King's funeral in New York City at the express request of Coretta Scott King, an event he would later call \"the crowning achievement of my organizational career.\" He would prove to be a productive pastor for Canaan, at one point receiving a million dollars annually in tithes, expanding the church building, and leading multiple church trips to the Holy Land and other international destinations including Japan.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring his time at Canaan, Walker continued his civil rights work, expanding his scope to international civil rights, serving on the board of Al Sharpton's National Action Network and a number of other organizations. A vocal supporter of anti-apartheid, Walker visited South Africa several times, serving as an election monitor in Souther Africa's first open election and becoming close friends with Nelson Mandela, who would visit Canaan Baptist Church as one of his first stops on his first presidential visit to the United States. Walker also worked with Governor Nelson Rockefeller as a special assistant on urban affairs. When national banks pulled out of Harlem, Walker opened Freedom National Bank to serve the Black community. He also developed a number of public housing projects, at one time acting as the largest single public housing developer in New York. Frustrated with the failures of the public education system, Walker worked to help pass the New York State charter school law and co-found the first charter school in the state, the Sisulu-Walker Charter School of Harlem. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn his down time, Walker enjoyed sailing, belonging to a local yacht club in Yonkers, New York, and photography. After receiving a doctorate in ethnomusicology from Colgate-Rochester Divinity School, he went on to teach seminary classes at Virginia Union University and United Theological Seminary in Dayton, Ohio.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWalker retired from Canaan Baptist Church of Christ in 2004 after a series of strokes, moving to Chester, Virginia. In 2015 he and Mrs. Walker donated the Dr. and Mrs. Wyatt Tee Walker Collection to the University of Richmond, recording an oral history with the university in 2016. He remained in Virginia with his wife until his death at the age of 89 on January 23, 2018.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Reverend Dr. Wyatt Tee Walker was born August 16, 1928 in Brockton, Massachusetts. Raised primarily in Merchantville, New Jersey, Walker attended Virginia Union University in Richmond, Virginia, earning bachelor's degrees in chemistry and physics before attending VUU's seminary school for his Masters of Divinity. During his time at VUU, he married his wife, Theresa Ann Walker née Edwards, who would remain an active partner at his side throughout his life. While in seminary, Walker was the head of the university's Inter-Seminary Movement, where he first met Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Walker and King would remain friends until King's assassination in 1968.","After graduating from seminary, Walker was called in 1953 to serve as the pastor of the historic Gillfield Baptist Church in Petersburg, Virginia, serving until 1960. During this time he founded the Petersburg Improvement Association, served as president for the local National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) chapter, and co-founded and served as state director for the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE). He also actively worked to integrate the city of Petersburg, successfully desegregating the Petersburg Public Library, lunch counters, and bus stops in the city.","In 1960, Walker was recruited to serve as the first full-time executive director and chief strategist of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), Dr. King's civil rights organization. He served in this role until 1964, overseeing the organization of several notable events in the Civil Rights Movement, including Project \"C\", SCLC's involvement in the Birmingham campaign, and the 1964 March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom. In 1961, Walker and his wife were arrested as Freedom Riders in Jackson, Mississippi. Mrs. Walker also survived a hotel bombing with their children and multiple other arrests for her role in the Civil Rights Movement.","After leaving SCLC in 1964, Walker worked with the Negro Heritage Library, an organization focused on getting Black literature into the public education system. In 1968 Dr. Walker was called to serve as senior pastor at Canaan Baptist Church of Christ in Harlem, New York, where he served for 37 years. He was installed as pastor in late March by Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., who gave his final sermon in New York City at the installation service before his assassination a few weeks later. Walker then organized King's funeral in New York City at the express request of Coretta Scott King, an event he would later call \"the crowning achievement of my organizational career.\" He would prove to be a productive pastor for Canaan, at one point receiving a million dollars annually in tithes, expanding the church building, and leading multiple church trips to the Holy Land and other international destinations including Japan.","During his time at Canaan, Walker continued his civil rights work, expanding his scope to international civil rights, serving on the board of Al Sharpton's National Action Network and a number of other organizations. A vocal supporter of anti-apartheid, Walker visited South Africa several times, serving as an election monitor in Souther Africa's first open election and becoming close friends with Nelson Mandela, who would visit Canaan Baptist Church as one of his first stops on his first presidential visit to the United States. Walker also worked with Governor Nelson Rockefeller as a special assistant on urban affairs. When national banks pulled out of Harlem, Walker opened Freedom National Bank to serve the Black community. He also developed a number of public housing projects, at one time acting as the largest single public housing developer in New York. Frustrated with the failures of the public education system, Walker worked to help pass the New York State charter school law and co-found the first charter school in the state, the Sisulu-Walker Charter School of Harlem.","In his down time, Walker enjoyed sailing, belonging to a local yacht club in Yonkers, New York, and photography. After receiving a doctorate in ethnomusicology from Colgate-Rochester Divinity School, he went on to teach seminary classes at Virginia Union University and United Theological Seminary in Dayton, Ohio.","Walker retired from Canaan Baptist Church of Christ in 2004 after a series of strokes, moving to Chester, Virginia. In 2015 he and Mrs. Walker donated the Dr. and Mrs. Wyatt Tee Walker Collection to the University of Richmond, recording an oral history with the university in 2016. He remained in Virginia with his wife until his death at the age of 89 on January 23, 2018."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Box Number, Folder Number], MS-24, the Dr. and Mrs. Wyatt Tee Walker Collection, Book Arts, Archives, \u0026amp; Rare Books, Boatwright Memorial Library, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Box Number, Folder Number], MS-24, the Dr. and Mrs. Wyatt Tee Walker Collection, Book Arts, Archives, \u0026 Rare Books, Boatwright Memorial Library, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed by Taylor McNeilly and Andrea Kohashi.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed by Taylor McNeilly and Andrea Kohashi."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials in this collection include personal papers and administrative files of Dr. Walker, audio recordings of church services he led primarily at Canaan Baptist Church of Christ, photographs and slides taken by Dr. Walker and his family, honors and awards given to Dr. and Mrs. Walker, Dr. Walker's personal library, Dr. Walker's published books, and other memorabilia and ephemera. Also included is an oral history performed with Dr. Walker and his wife.\u003c/p\u003e\nCurrently, portions of Series 1 through 4 are available to research, encompassing all manuscript material through Dr. Walker's departure from SCLC in 1964. More material will be opened for research as processing work continues.  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Materials in this collection include personal papers and administrative files of Dr. Walker, audio recordings of church services he led primarily at Canaan Baptist Church of Christ, photographs and slides taken by Dr. Walker and his family, honors and awards given to Dr. and Mrs. Walker, Dr. Walker's personal library, Dr. Walker's published books, and other memorabilia and ephemera. Also included is an oral history performed with Dr. Walker and his wife."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDr. Walker's personal library has been separated from the collection and is housed within the Galvin Rare Book Room. These items can be found in our online catalog by searching \"Dr. \u0026amp; Mrs. Wyatt Tee Walker Collection.\"\u003c/p\u003e  "],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["Dr. Walker's personal library has been separated from the collection and is housed within the Galvin Rare Book Room. These items can be found in our online catalog by searching \"Dr. \u0026 Mrs. Wyatt Tee Walker Collection.\""],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_99a2c806065b9d964d30006dd304b175\"\u003eThis collection includes material related to and collected by the Reverend Dr. Wyatt Tee Walker and his wife, Theresa Ann Edwards Walkers. Materials include personal papers and administrative files of Dr. and Mrs. Walker, audio recordings of Dr. Walker's church services, honors and awards given to Dr. and Mrs. Walker, photographs and slides taken by or depicting Dr. Walker, Dr. Walker's published works and unpublished manuscripts, and other memorabilia and ephemera. Also included is an oral history performed with Dr. and Mrs. Walker.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["This collection includes material related to and collected by the Reverend Dr. Wyatt Tee Walker and his wife, Theresa Ann Edwards Walkers. Materials include personal papers and administrative files of Dr. and Mrs. Walker, audio recordings of Dr. Walker's church services, honors and awards given to Dr. and Mrs. Walker, photographs and slides taken by or depicting Dr. Walker, Dr. Walker's published works and unpublished manuscripts, and other memorabilia and ephemera. Also included is an oral history performed with Dr. and Mrs. Walker."],"corpname_ssim":["University of Richmond","Southern Christian Leadership Conference","Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (U.S.)","National Lawyers Guild. Committee to Assist Southern Lawyers","Congress of Racial Equality","National Association for the Advancement of Colored People","Southern Conference Educational Fund","Highlander Research and Education Center (Knoxville, Tenn.)","Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity","Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights","National Catholic Conference for Interracial Justice","United States Commission on Civil Rights","Leadership Conference on Civil Rights","United States. Civil Rights Act of 1964"],"names_coll_ssim":["Southern Christian Leadership Conference","United States. Civil Rights Act of 1964","Walker, Wyatt Tee","Walker, Theresa Ann","Lewis, John, 1940-2020","Abernathy, Ralph, 1926-1990","King, Martin Luther, Jr., 1929-1968","Shuttlesworth, Fred L., 1922-2011","Jackson, Mahalia, 1911-1972","Barnett, Ross R. (Ross Robert), 1898-1987"],"persname_ssim":["Walker, Wyatt Tee","Walker, Theresa Ann","Hughes, Langston, 1902-1967","King, Martin Luther, Jr., 1929-1968","Lewis, John, 1940-2020","Abernathy, Ralph, 1926-1990","Shuttlesworth, Fred L., 1922-2011","Jackson, Mahalia, 1911-1972","Barnett, Ross R. (Ross Robert), 1898-1987"],"names_ssim":["University of Richmond","Southern Christian Leadership Conference","Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (U.S.)","National Lawyers Guild. Committee to Assist Southern Lawyers","Congress of Racial Equality","National Association for the Advancement of Colored People","Southern Conference Educational Fund","Highlander Research and Education Center (Knoxville, Tenn.)","Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity","Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights","National Catholic Conference for Interracial Justice","United States Commission on Civil Rights","Leadership Conference on Civil Rights","United States. Civil Rights Act of 1964","Walker, Wyatt Tee","Walker, Theresa Ann","Hughes, Langston, 1902-1967","King, Martin Luther, Jr., 1929-1968","Lewis, John, 1940-2020","Abernathy, Ralph, 1926-1990","Shuttlesworth, Fred L., 1922-2011","Jackson, Mahalia, 1911-1972","Barnett, Ross R. (Ross Robert), 1898-1987"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":192,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T23:00:05.988Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viur_repositories_4_resources_27","ead_ssi":"viur_repositories_4_resources_27","_root_":"viur_repositories_4_resources_27","_nest_parent_":"viur_repositories_4_resources_27","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/RICH/repositories_4_resources_27.xml","title_ssm":["Dr. and Mrs. Wyatt Tee Walker collection"],"title_tesim":["Dr. and Mrs. Wyatt Tee Walker collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1953-2016"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1953-2016"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1953/2016"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Dr. and Mrs. Wyatt Tee Walker collection, 1953/2016"],"text":["Dr. and Mrs. Wyatt Tee Walker collection, 1953/2016","MS-24","/repositories/4/resources/27","Petersburg (Va.)","Richmond (Va.)","Jackson (Miss.)","New York (N.Y.)","Birmingham (Ala.)","Civil rights","Civil rights movements","Civil rights demonstrations","Civil rights workers","State action (Civil rights)","African American civil rights workers","Women civil rights workers","African American women civil rights workers","Civil rights -- America","Civil rights -- Religious aspects","Black people -- Civil rights","Civil rights -- Africa","African American churches","Nonbook Materials","Finance","Project management","Church management","Campaign management","Management","Scholarships","Voter registration","Freedom Rides, 1961","Boycotts","Segregation","Racism","Race relations","Social justice","Christianity and justice","Actions and defenses","Libel and slander","Discrimination in employment","Manuscripts","Photographs","Audio-visual materials","Clippings","Personal correspondence","Invoices","Periodicals","Pamphlets","The majority of this collection is closed pending processing. Portions of four series are currently open to research, encompassing manuscript material dated through 1964.","Material is arranged into multiple series, with three series currently open for research.","Series 1: Biographical: Theresa Ann Walker\n      Series 2: Biographical: Wyatt Tee Walker\n      Subseries 2.2: Correspondence\n      Subseries 2.3: Civil Rights and Religious Work\n      Series 3: Gillfield Baptist Church\n      Subseries 3.1: Sermons\n      Subseries 3.2: Programs and ephemera\n      Subseries 3.3: Administrative records\n      Series 4: Southern Christian Leadership Conference\n      Subseries 4.1: Administrative\n      Subseries 4.2: Correspondence\n      Subseries 4.3: Publications\n      Subseries 4.4: Programs and campaigns\n      Subseries 4.5: Legal work\n      Subseries 4.6: Related organizations\n      Subseries 4.7: Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.","The Reverend Dr. Wyatt Tee Walker was born August 16, 1928 in Brockton, Massachusetts. Raised primarily in Merchantville, New Jersey, Walker attended Virginia Union University in Richmond, Virginia, earning bachelor's degrees in chemistry and physics before attending VUU's seminary school for his Masters of Divinity. During his time at VUU, he married his wife, Theresa Ann Walker née Edwards, who would remain an active partner at his side throughout his life. While in seminary, Walker was the head of the university's Inter-Seminary Movement, where he first met Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Walker and King would remain friends until King's assassination in 1968.","After graduating from seminary, Walker was called in 1953 to serve as the pastor of the historic Gillfield Baptist Church in Petersburg, Virginia, serving until 1960. During this time he founded the Petersburg Improvement Association, served as president for the local National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) chapter, and co-founded and served as state director for the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE). He also actively worked to integrate the city of Petersburg, successfully desegregating the Petersburg Public Library, lunch counters, and bus stops in the city.","In 1960, Walker was recruited to serve as the first full-time executive director and chief strategist of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), Dr. King's civil rights organization. He served in this role until 1964, overseeing the organization of several notable events in the Civil Rights Movement, including Project \"C\", SCLC's involvement in the Birmingham campaign, and the 1964 March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom. In 1961, Walker and his wife were arrested as Freedom Riders in Jackson, Mississippi. Mrs. Walker also survived a hotel bombing with their children and multiple other arrests for her role in the Civil Rights Movement.","After leaving SCLC in 1964, Walker worked with the Negro Heritage Library, an organization focused on getting Black literature into the public education system. In 1968 Dr. Walker was called to serve as senior pastor at Canaan Baptist Church of Christ in Harlem, New York, where he served for 37 years. He was installed as pastor in late March by Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., who gave his final sermon in New York City at the installation service before his assassination a few weeks later. Walker then organized King's funeral in New York City at the express request of Coretta Scott King, an event he would later call \"the crowning achievement of my organizational career.\" He would prove to be a productive pastor for Canaan, at one point receiving a million dollars annually in tithes, expanding the church building, and leading multiple church trips to the Holy Land and other international destinations including Japan.","During his time at Canaan, Walker continued his civil rights work, expanding his scope to international civil rights, serving on the board of Al Sharpton's National Action Network and a number of other organizations. A vocal supporter of anti-apartheid, Walker visited South Africa several times, serving as an election monitor in Souther Africa's first open election and becoming close friends with Nelson Mandela, who would visit Canaan Baptist Church as one of his first stops on his first presidential visit to the United States. Walker also worked with Governor Nelson Rockefeller as a special assistant on urban affairs. When national banks pulled out of Harlem, Walker opened Freedom National Bank to serve the Black community. He also developed a number of public housing projects, at one time acting as the largest single public housing developer in New York. Frustrated with the failures of the public education system, Walker worked to help pass the New York State charter school law and co-found the first charter school in the state, the Sisulu-Walker Charter School of Harlem.","In his down time, Walker enjoyed sailing, belonging to a local yacht club in Yonkers, New York, and photography. After receiving a doctorate in ethnomusicology from Colgate-Rochester Divinity School, he went on to teach seminary classes at Virginia Union University and United Theological Seminary in Dayton, Ohio.","Walker retired from Canaan Baptist Church of Christ in 2004 after a series of strokes, moving to Chester, Virginia. In 2015 he and Mrs. Walker donated the Dr. and Mrs. Wyatt Tee Walker Collection to the University of Richmond, recording an oral history with the university in 2016. He remained in Virginia with his wife until his death at the age of 89 on January 23, 2018.","Processed by Taylor McNeilly and Andrea Kohashi.","Materials in this collection include personal papers and administrative files of Dr. Walker, audio recordings of church services he led primarily at Canaan Baptist Church of Christ, photographs and slides taken by Dr. Walker and his family, honors and awards given to Dr. and Mrs. Walker, Dr. Walker's personal library, Dr. Walker's published books, and other memorabilia and ephemera. Also included is an oral history performed with Dr. Walker and his wife.","Dr. Walker's personal library has been separated from the collection and is housed within the Galvin Rare Book Room. These items can be found in our online catalog by searching \"Dr. \u0026 Mrs. Wyatt Tee Walker Collection.\"","This collection includes material related to and collected by the Reverend Dr. Wyatt Tee Walker and his wife, Theresa Ann Edwards Walkers. Materials include personal papers and administrative files of Dr. and Mrs. Walker, audio recordings of Dr. Walker's church services, honors and awards given to Dr. and Mrs. Walker, photographs and slides taken by or depicting Dr. Walker, Dr. Walker's published works and unpublished manuscripts, and other memorabilia and ephemera. Also included is an oral history performed with Dr. and Mrs. Walker.","University of Richmond","Southern Christian Leadership Conference","Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (U.S.)","National Lawyers Guild. Committee to Assist Southern Lawyers","Congress of Racial Equality","National Association for the Advancement of Colored People","Southern Conference Educational Fund","Highlander Research and Education Center (Knoxville, Tenn.)","Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity","Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights","National Catholic Conference for Interracial Justice","United States Commission on Civil Rights","Leadership Conference on Civil Rights","United States. Civil Rights Act of 1964","Walker, Wyatt Tee","Walker, Theresa Ann","Hughes, Langston, 1902-1967","King, Martin Luther, Jr., 1929-1968","Lewis, John, 1940-2020","Abernathy, Ralph, 1926-1990","Shuttlesworth, Fred L., 1922-2011","Jackson, Mahalia, 1911-1972","Barnett, Ross R. (Ross Robert), 1898-1987","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Dr. and Mrs. Wyatt Tee Walker collection, 1953/2016"],"collection_ssim":["Dr. and Mrs. Wyatt Tee Walker collection, 1953/2016"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS-24","/repositories/4/resources/27"],"unitid_tesim":["MS-24","/repositories/4/resources/27"],"repository_ssm":["University of Richmond"],"repository_ssim":["University of Richmond"],"geogname_ssm":["Petersburg (Va.)","Richmond (Va.)","Jackson (Miss.)","New York (N.Y.)","Birmingham (Ala.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Petersburg (Va.)","Richmond (Va.)","Jackson (Miss.)","New York (N.Y.)","Birmingham (Ala.)"],"places_ssim":["Petersburg (Va.)","Richmond (Va.)","Jackson (Miss.)","New York (N.Y.)","Birmingham (Ala.)"],"creator_ssm":["Walker, Wyatt Tee","Walker, Theresa Ann","Southern Christian Leadership Conference","Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (U.S.)","Hughes, Langston, 1902-1967","King, Martin Luther, Jr., 1929-1968","National Lawyers Guild. Committee to Assist Southern Lawyers","Congress of Racial Equality","National Association for the Advancement of Colored People","Southern Conference Educational Fund","Highlander Research and Education Center (Knoxville, Tenn.)","Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity","Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights","National Catholic Conference for Interracial Justice","United States Commission on Civil Rights","Leadership Conference on Civil Rights"],"creator_ssim":["Walker, Wyatt Tee","Walker, Theresa Ann","Southern Christian Leadership Conference","Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (U.S.)","Hughes, Langston, 1902-1967","King, Martin Luther, Jr., 1929-1968","National Lawyers Guild. Committee to Assist Southern Lawyers","Congress of Racial Equality","National Association for the Advancement of Colored People","Southern Conference Educational Fund","Highlander Research and Education Center (Knoxville, Tenn.)","Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity","Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights","National Catholic Conference for Interracial Justice","United States Commission on Civil Rights","Leadership Conference on Civil Rights"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Walker, Wyatt Tee","Walker, Theresa Ann","Hughes, Langston, 1902-1967","King, Martin Luther, Jr., 1929-1968","Lewis, John, 1940-2020","Abernathy, Ralph, 1926-1990","Shuttlesworth, Fred L., 1922-2011","Jackson, Mahalia, 1911-1972","Barnett, Ross R. (Ross Robert), 1898-1987"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["University of Richmond","Southern Christian Leadership Conference","Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (U.S.)","National Lawyers Guild. Committee to Assist Southern Lawyers","Congress of Racial Equality","National Association for the Advancement of Colored People","Southern Conference Educational Fund","Highlander Research and Education Center (Knoxville, Tenn.)","Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity","Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights","National Catholic Conference for Interracial Justice","United States Commission on Civil Rights","Leadership Conference on Civil Rights","United States. Civil Rights Act of 1964"],"creators_ssim":["Walker, Wyatt Tee","Walker, Theresa Ann","Hughes, Langston, 1902-1967","King, Martin Luther, Jr., 1929-1968","Lewis, John, 1940-2020","Abernathy, Ralph, 1926-1990","Shuttlesworth, Fred L., 1922-2011","Jackson, Mahalia, 1911-1972","Barnett, Ross R. (Ross Robert), 1898-1987","University of Richmond","Southern Christian Leadership Conference","Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (U.S.)","National Lawyers Guild. Committee to Assist Southern Lawyers","Congress of Racial Equality","National Association for the Advancement of Colored People","Southern Conference Educational Fund","Highlander Research and Education Center (Knoxville, Tenn.)","Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity","Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights","National Catholic Conference for Interracial Justice","United States Commission on Civil Rights","Leadership Conference on Civil Rights","United States. Civil Rights Act of 1964"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Material was donated to the university by Dr. Walker, his wife, and their family."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Civil rights","Civil rights movements","Civil rights demonstrations","Civil rights workers","State action (Civil rights)","African American civil rights workers","Women civil rights workers","African American women civil rights workers","Civil rights -- America","Civil rights -- Religious aspects","Black people -- Civil rights","Civil rights -- Africa","African American churches","Nonbook Materials","Finance","Project management","Church management","Campaign management","Management","Scholarships","Voter registration","Freedom Rides, 1961","Boycotts","Segregation","Racism","Race relations","Social justice","Christianity and justice","Actions and defenses","Libel and slander","Discrimination in employment","Manuscripts","Photographs","Audio-visual materials","Clippings","Personal correspondence","Invoices","Periodicals","Pamphlets"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Civil rights","Civil rights movements","Civil rights demonstrations","Civil rights workers","State action (Civil rights)","African American civil rights workers","Women civil rights workers","African American women civil rights workers","Civil rights -- America","Civil rights -- Religious aspects","Black people -- Civil rights","Civil rights -- Africa","African American churches","Nonbook Materials","Finance","Project management","Church management","Campaign management","Management","Scholarships","Voter registration","Freedom Rides, 1961","Boycotts","Segregation","Racism","Race relations","Social justice","Christianity and justice","Actions and defenses","Libel and slander","Discrimination in employment","Manuscripts","Photographs","Audio-visual materials","Clippings","Personal correspondence","Invoices","Periodicals","Pamphlets"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["50 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["50 Linear Feet"],"physfacet_tesim":["This is an approximate estimate while we wait for the final deposit and complete processing."],"genreform_ssim":["Manuscripts","Photographs","Audio-visual materials","Clippings","Personal correspondence","Invoices","Periodicals","Pamphlets"],"date_range_isim":[1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe majority of this collection is closed pending processing. Portions of four series are currently open to research, encompassing manuscript material dated through 1964.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The majority of this collection is closed pending processing. Portions of four series are currently open to research, encompassing manuscript material dated through 1964."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterial is arranged into multiple series, with three series currently open for research.\u003c/p\u003e    ","\u003clist numeration=\"arabic\" type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\u003cemph\u003eSeries 1:\u003c/emph\u003e Biographical: Theresa Ann Walker\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 2: Biographical: Wyatt Tee Walker\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSubseries 2.2: Correspondence\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSubseries 2.3: Civil Rights and Religious Work\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 3: Gillfield Baptist Church\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSubseries 3.1: Sermons\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSubseries 3.2: Programs and ephemera\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSubseries 3.3: Administrative records\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 4: Southern Christian Leadership Conference\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSubseries 4.1: Administrative\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSubseries 4.2: Correspondence\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSubseries 4.3: Publications\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSubseries 4.4: Programs and campaigns\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSubseries 4.5: Legal work\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSubseries 4.6: Related organizations\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSubseries 4.7: Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Material is arranged into multiple series, with three series currently open for research.","Series 1: Biographical: Theresa Ann Walker\n      Series 2: Biographical: Wyatt Tee Walker\n      Subseries 2.2: Correspondence\n      Subseries 2.3: Civil Rights and Religious Work\n      Series 3: Gillfield Baptist Church\n      Subseries 3.1: Sermons\n      Subseries 3.2: Programs and ephemera\n      Subseries 3.3: Administrative records\n      Series 4: Southern Christian Leadership Conference\n      Subseries 4.1: Administrative\n      Subseries 4.2: Correspondence\n      Subseries 4.3: Publications\n      Subseries 4.4: Programs and campaigns\n      Subseries 4.5: Legal work\n      Subseries 4.6: Related organizations\n      Subseries 4.7: Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Reverend Dr. Wyatt Tee Walker was born August 16, 1928 in Brockton, Massachusetts. Raised primarily in Merchantville, New Jersey, Walker attended Virginia Union University in Richmond, Virginia, earning bachelor's degrees in chemistry and physics before attending VUU's seminary school for his Masters of Divinity. During his time at VUU, he married his wife, Theresa Ann Walker née Edwards, who would remain an active partner at his side throughout his life. While in seminary, Walker was the head of the university's Inter-Seminary Movement, where he first met Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Walker and King would remain friends until King's assassination in 1968.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAfter graduating from seminary, Walker was called in 1953 to serve as the pastor of the historic Gillfield Baptist Church in Petersburg, Virginia, serving until 1960. During this time he founded the Petersburg Improvement Association, served as president for the local National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) chapter, and co-founded and served as state director for the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE). He also actively worked to integrate the city of Petersburg, successfully desegregating the Petersburg Public Library, lunch counters, and bus stops in the city.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1960, Walker was recruited to serve as the first full-time executive director and chief strategist of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), Dr. King's civil rights organization. He served in this role until 1964, overseeing the organization of several notable events in the Civil Rights Movement, including Project \"C\", SCLC's involvement in the Birmingham campaign, and the 1964 March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom. In 1961, Walker and his wife were arrested as Freedom Riders in Jackson, Mississippi. Mrs. Walker also survived a hotel bombing with their children and multiple other arrests for her role in the Civil Rights Movement.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAfter leaving SCLC in 1964, Walker worked with the Negro Heritage Library, an organization focused on getting Black literature into the public education system. In 1968 Dr. Walker was called to serve as senior pastor at Canaan Baptist Church of Christ in Harlem, New York, where he served for 37 years. He was installed as pastor in late March by Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., who gave his final sermon in New York City at the installation service before his assassination a few weeks later. Walker then organized King's funeral in New York City at the express request of Coretta Scott King, an event he would later call \"the crowning achievement of my organizational career.\" He would prove to be a productive pastor for Canaan, at one point receiving a million dollars annually in tithes, expanding the church building, and leading multiple church trips to the Holy Land and other international destinations including Japan.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring his time at Canaan, Walker continued his civil rights work, expanding his scope to international civil rights, serving on the board of Al Sharpton's National Action Network and a number of other organizations. A vocal supporter of anti-apartheid, Walker visited South Africa several times, serving as an election monitor in Souther Africa's first open election and becoming close friends with Nelson Mandela, who would visit Canaan Baptist Church as one of his first stops on his first presidential visit to the United States. Walker also worked with Governor Nelson Rockefeller as a special assistant on urban affairs. When national banks pulled out of Harlem, Walker opened Freedom National Bank to serve the Black community. He also developed a number of public housing projects, at one time acting as the largest single public housing developer in New York. Frustrated with the failures of the public education system, Walker worked to help pass the New York State charter school law and co-found the first charter school in the state, the Sisulu-Walker Charter School of Harlem. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn his down time, Walker enjoyed sailing, belonging to a local yacht club in Yonkers, New York, and photography. After receiving a doctorate in ethnomusicology from Colgate-Rochester Divinity School, he went on to teach seminary classes at Virginia Union University and United Theological Seminary in Dayton, Ohio.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWalker retired from Canaan Baptist Church of Christ in 2004 after a series of strokes, moving to Chester, Virginia. In 2015 he and Mrs. Walker donated the Dr. and Mrs. Wyatt Tee Walker Collection to the University of Richmond, recording an oral history with the university in 2016. He remained in Virginia with his wife until his death at the age of 89 on January 23, 2018.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Reverend Dr. Wyatt Tee Walker was born August 16, 1928 in Brockton, Massachusetts. Raised primarily in Merchantville, New Jersey, Walker attended Virginia Union University in Richmond, Virginia, earning bachelor's degrees in chemistry and physics before attending VUU's seminary school for his Masters of Divinity. During his time at VUU, he married his wife, Theresa Ann Walker née Edwards, who would remain an active partner at his side throughout his life. While in seminary, Walker was the head of the university's Inter-Seminary Movement, where he first met Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Walker and King would remain friends until King's assassination in 1968.","After graduating from seminary, Walker was called in 1953 to serve as the pastor of the historic Gillfield Baptist Church in Petersburg, Virginia, serving until 1960. During this time he founded the Petersburg Improvement Association, served as president for the local National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) chapter, and co-founded and served as state director for the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE). He also actively worked to integrate the city of Petersburg, successfully desegregating the Petersburg Public Library, lunch counters, and bus stops in the city.","In 1960, Walker was recruited to serve as the first full-time executive director and chief strategist of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), Dr. King's civil rights organization. He served in this role until 1964, overseeing the organization of several notable events in the Civil Rights Movement, including Project \"C\", SCLC's involvement in the Birmingham campaign, and the 1964 March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom. In 1961, Walker and his wife were arrested as Freedom Riders in Jackson, Mississippi. Mrs. Walker also survived a hotel bombing with their children and multiple other arrests for her role in the Civil Rights Movement.","After leaving SCLC in 1964, Walker worked with the Negro Heritage Library, an organization focused on getting Black literature into the public education system. In 1968 Dr. Walker was called to serve as senior pastor at Canaan Baptist Church of Christ in Harlem, New York, where he served for 37 years. He was installed as pastor in late March by Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., who gave his final sermon in New York City at the installation service before his assassination a few weeks later. Walker then organized King's funeral in New York City at the express request of Coretta Scott King, an event he would later call \"the crowning achievement of my organizational career.\" He would prove to be a productive pastor for Canaan, at one point receiving a million dollars annually in tithes, expanding the church building, and leading multiple church trips to the Holy Land and other international destinations including Japan.","During his time at Canaan, Walker continued his civil rights work, expanding his scope to international civil rights, serving on the board of Al Sharpton's National Action Network and a number of other organizations. A vocal supporter of anti-apartheid, Walker visited South Africa several times, serving as an election monitor in Souther Africa's first open election and becoming close friends with Nelson Mandela, who would visit Canaan Baptist Church as one of his first stops on his first presidential visit to the United States. Walker also worked with Governor Nelson Rockefeller as a special assistant on urban affairs. When national banks pulled out of Harlem, Walker opened Freedom National Bank to serve the Black community. He also developed a number of public housing projects, at one time acting as the largest single public housing developer in New York. Frustrated with the failures of the public education system, Walker worked to help pass the New York State charter school law and co-found the first charter school in the state, the Sisulu-Walker Charter School of Harlem.","In his down time, Walker enjoyed sailing, belonging to a local yacht club in Yonkers, New York, and photography. After receiving a doctorate in ethnomusicology from Colgate-Rochester Divinity School, he went on to teach seminary classes at Virginia Union University and United Theological Seminary in Dayton, Ohio.","Walker retired from Canaan Baptist Church of Christ in 2004 after a series of strokes, moving to Chester, Virginia. In 2015 he and Mrs. Walker donated the Dr. and Mrs. Wyatt Tee Walker Collection to the University of Richmond, recording an oral history with the university in 2016. He remained in Virginia with his wife until his death at the age of 89 on January 23, 2018."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Box Number, Folder Number], MS-24, the Dr. and Mrs. Wyatt Tee Walker Collection, Book Arts, Archives, \u0026amp; Rare Books, Boatwright Memorial Library, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Box Number, Folder Number], MS-24, the Dr. and Mrs. Wyatt Tee Walker Collection, Book Arts, Archives, \u0026 Rare Books, Boatwright Memorial Library, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed by Taylor McNeilly and Andrea Kohashi.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed by Taylor McNeilly and Andrea Kohashi."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials in this collection include personal papers and administrative files of Dr. Walker, audio recordings of church services he led primarily at Canaan Baptist Church of Christ, photographs and slides taken by Dr. Walker and his family, honors and awards given to Dr. and Mrs. Walker, Dr. Walker's personal library, Dr. Walker's published books, and other memorabilia and ephemera. Also included is an oral history performed with Dr. Walker and his wife.\u003c/p\u003e\nCurrently, portions of Series 1 through 4 are available to research, encompassing all manuscript material through Dr. Walker's departure from SCLC in 1964. More material will be opened for research as processing work continues.  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Materials in this collection include personal papers and administrative files of Dr. Walker, audio recordings of church services he led primarily at Canaan Baptist Church of Christ, photographs and slides taken by Dr. Walker and his family, honors and awards given to Dr. and Mrs. Walker, Dr. Walker's personal library, Dr. Walker's published books, and other memorabilia and ephemera. Also included is an oral history performed with Dr. Walker and his wife."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDr. Walker's personal library has been separated from the collection and is housed within the Galvin Rare Book Room. These items can be found in our online catalog by searching \"Dr. \u0026amp; Mrs. Wyatt Tee Walker Collection.\"\u003c/p\u003e  "],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["Dr. Walker's personal library has been separated from the collection and is housed within the Galvin Rare Book Room. These items can be found in our online catalog by searching \"Dr. \u0026 Mrs. Wyatt Tee Walker Collection.\""],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_99a2c806065b9d964d30006dd304b175\"\u003eThis collection includes material related to and collected by the Reverend Dr. Wyatt Tee Walker and his wife, Theresa Ann Edwards Walkers. Materials include personal papers and administrative files of Dr. and Mrs. Walker, audio recordings of Dr. Walker's church services, honors and awards given to Dr. and Mrs. Walker, photographs and slides taken by or depicting Dr. Walker, Dr. Walker's published works and unpublished manuscripts, and other memorabilia and ephemera. Also included is an oral history performed with Dr. and Mrs. Walker.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["This collection includes material related to and collected by the Reverend Dr. Wyatt Tee Walker and his wife, Theresa Ann Edwards Walkers. Materials include personal papers and administrative files of Dr. and Mrs. Walker, audio recordings of Dr. Walker's church services, honors and awards given to Dr. and Mrs. Walker, photographs and slides taken by or depicting Dr. Walker, Dr. Walker's published works and unpublished manuscripts, and other memorabilia and ephemera. Also included is an oral history performed with Dr. and Mrs. Walker."],"corpname_ssim":["University of Richmond","Southern Christian Leadership Conference","Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (U.S.)","National Lawyers Guild. Committee to Assist Southern Lawyers","Congress of Racial Equality","National Association for the Advancement of Colored People","Southern Conference Educational Fund","Highlander Research and Education Center (Knoxville, Tenn.)","Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity","Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights","National Catholic Conference for Interracial Justice","United States Commission on Civil Rights","Leadership Conference on Civil Rights","United States. Civil Rights Act of 1964"],"names_coll_ssim":["Southern Christian Leadership Conference","United States. Civil Rights Act of 1964","Walker, Wyatt Tee","Walker, Theresa Ann","Lewis, John, 1940-2020","Abernathy, Ralph, 1926-1990","King, Martin Luther, Jr., 1929-1968","Shuttlesworth, Fred L., 1922-2011","Jackson, Mahalia, 1911-1972","Barnett, Ross R. (Ross Robert), 1898-1987"],"persname_ssim":["Walker, Wyatt Tee","Walker, Theresa Ann","Hughes, Langston, 1902-1967","King, Martin Luther, Jr., 1929-1968","Lewis, John, 1940-2020","Abernathy, Ralph, 1926-1990","Shuttlesworth, Fred L., 1922-2011","Jackson, Mahalia, 1911-1972","Barnett, Ross R. (Ross Robert), 1898-1987"],"names_ssim":["University of Richmond","Southern Christian Leadership Conference","Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (U.S.)","National Lawyers Guild. Committee to Assist Southern Lawyers","Congress of Racial Equality","National Association for the Advancement of Colored People","Southern Conference Educational Fund","Highlander Research and Education Center (Knoxville, Tenn.)","Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity","Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights","National Catholic Conference for Interracial Justice","United States Commission on Civil Rights","Leadership Conference on Civil Rights","United States. Civil Rights Act of 1964","Walker, Wyatt Tee","Walker, Theresa Ann","Hughes, Langston, 1902-1967","King, Martin Luther, Jr., 1929-1968","Lewis, John, 1940-2020","Abernathy, Ralph, 1926-1990","Shuttlesworth, Fred L., 1922-2011","Jackson, Mahalia, 1911-1972","Barnett, Ross R. (Ross Robert), 1898-1987"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":192,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T23:00:05.988Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viur_repositories_4_resources_27"}},{"id":"viur_repositories_4_resources_55","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Earl and Jewell Ratliff Collection, 1860/2013, bulk 1920/1990","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viur_repositories_4_resources_55#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Ratliff, Earl Gordon, 1926-2013","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viur_repositories_4_resources_55#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"This collection contains ephemera, University of Richmond memorabilia, service awards, photographs, and postcards representing the life of Earl and Jewell Ratliff and their service to the University of Richmond, volunteer organizations, and their love of travel.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viur_repositories_4_resources_55#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viur_repositories_4_resources_55","ead_ssi":"viur_repositories_4_resources_55","_root_":"viur_repositories_4_resources_55","_nest_parent_":"viur_repositories_4_resources_55","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/RICH/repositories_4_resources_55.xml","title_ssm":["Earl and Jewell Ratliff Collection"],"title_tesim":["Earl and Jewell Ratliff Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1860-2013","1920-1990"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1860-2013"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1920-1990"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1860/2013, bulk 1920/1990"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Earl and Jewell Ratliff Collection, 1860/2013, bulk 1920/1990"],"text":["Earl and Jewell Ratliff Collection, 1860/2013, bulk 1920/1990","MS-41","/repositories/4/resources/55","Richmond (Va.)","University of Richmond -- History","Scrapbooks","Postcards","Ephemera","Photograph albums","Clippings","There are no restrictions on accessing material in this collection.","No additional material is expected.","Series I: Personal\n\nSeries II: University of Richmond","Earl Gordon Ratliff, 1926-2013, was an alumnus and avid supporter of the University of Richmond, an enthusiastic traveler, a committed member of multiple Fraternal Organizations, and a WWII Veteran. Earl was born in McComb, Mississippi and in 1944, he received his high school diploma from Woodrow Wilson High School in Portsmouth, Virginia. Following his military service, Earl graduated from the University of Richmond in 1951 with a Bachelor of Science in Business Administration. On March 24, 1951 Earl and Jewell were married in Newport News, Virginia. Earl held membership in several organizations including: the Spiders Club, the Portsmouth Naval Lodge No. 100, the ACCA Legion of Honor, and the 70th Army Infantry Division Association.","Jewel Diane Ratliff, 1929-2016, (maiden name Grobb), was a longtime employee of the Chesapeake and Potomac Telephone Company (Verizon), a supporter of the University of Richmond, and a committed member of several volunteer organizations. She was born in Jacksonville, Florida and graduated from Woodrow Wilson High School in 1946 before beginning work at the C\u0026P Telephone Company. She served as president of the Telephone Pioneers of America Richmond Chapter and for the State of Virginia region. Earl and Jewell traveled extensively across the United States, Mexico, and Canada and took many photos of their vacations.","Processed by Jeremy Alan White with later accruals incorporated by Hillery Wynn.","This collection documents the lives of Earl Gordon Ratliff and Jewell Diane Grobb Ratliff, including Earl's time spent at the University of Richmond and their various travels around the United States, Canada, and Mexico. From Jewell's family photos from 1918 to her untimely death in December of 2016, the collection contains personal materials including scrapbooks, family portraits, jewelry, various textiles, and University of Richmond ephemera. This collection captures the Earl Ratliff's volunteer activities at the Food Back, civic and community involvement in the Order of the Eastern Star, ELKS, Cheswick Walking Club, Spiders Club, Rectors Club, and ACCA Temple Shrine. Furthermore, the content of this collection documents Jewell Ratliff's committment to the Chesapeake and Potomac Telephone Company for 36 years and her civic and community involvement in the Telephone Pioneers of America, Commonwealth Women's Club, Cheswick Walking Club, ELKS, and Order of the Eastern Star. Both Ratliffs shared a love of athletics at the University of Richmond and often attended various events in support. The textual materials are comprised of dimplomas, certificates, office emphemera, correspondence, newspaper clippings, obituaries, awards, posters, and related printed matter. Among other formats throughout the collection are photographs, plaques, pins, coins, and WWII paraphernailia.","Copyright restrictions may apply. Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder.","This collection contains ephemera, University of Richmond memorabilia, service awards, photographs, and postcards representing the life of Earl and Jewell Ratliff and their service to the University of Richmond, volunteer organizations, and their love of travel.","University of Richmond","Telephone Pioneers of America. 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Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donation from estate."],"access_subjects_ssim":["University of Richmond -- History","Scrapbooks","Postcards","Ephemera","Photograph albums","Clippings"],"access_subjects_ssm":["University of Richmond -- History","Scrapbooks","Postcards","Ephemera","Photograph albums","Clippings"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["4.5 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["4.5 Linear Feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Photograph albums","Clippings"],"date_range_isim":[1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions on accessing material in this collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions on accessing material in this collection."],"accruals_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo additional material is expected.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accruals_heading_ssm":["Accruals"],"accruals_tesim":["No additional material is expected."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cul\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003eSeries I: Personal\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003eSeries II: University of Richmond\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\nFiles are arranged in chronological order to the extent possible, as many items are undated. \n  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Series I: Personal\n\nSeries II: University of Richmond"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eEarl Gordon Ratliff, 1926-2013, was an alumnus and avid supporter of the University of Richmond, an enthusiastic traveler, a committed member of multiple Fraternal Organizations, and a WWII Veteran. Earl was born in McComb, Mississippi and in 1944, he received his high school diploma from Woodrow Wilson High School in Portsmouth, Virginia. Following his military service, Earl graduated from the University of Richmond in 1951 with a Bachelor of Science in Business Administration. On March 24, 1951 Earl and Jewell were married in Newport News, Virginia. Earl held membership in several organizations including: the Spiders Club, the Portsmouth Naval Lodge No. 100, the ACCA Legion of Honor, and the 70th Army Infantry Division Association.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJewel Diane Ratliff, 1929-2016, (maiden name Grobb), was a longtime employee of the Chesapeake and Potomac Telephone Company (Verizon), a supporter of the University of Richmond, and a committed member of several volunteer organizations. She was born in Jacksonville, Florida and graduated from Woodrow Wilson High School in 1946 before beginning work at the C\u0026amp;P Telephone Company. She served as president of the Telephone Pioneers of America Richmond Chapter and for the State of Virginia region. Earl and Jewell traveled extensively across the United States, Mexico, and Canada and took many photos of their vacations.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Earl Gordon Ratliff, 1926-2013, was an alumnus and avid supporter of the University of Richmond, an enthusiastic traveler, a committed member of multiple Fraternal Organizations, and a WWII Veteran. Earl was born in McComb, Mississippi and in 1944, he received his high school diploma from Woodrow Wilson High School in Portsmouth, Virginia. Following his military service, Earl graduated from the University of Richmond in 1951 with a Bachelor of Science in Business Administration. On March 24, 1951 Earl and Jewell were married in Newport News, Virginia. Earl held membership in several organizations including: the Spiders Club, the Portsmouth Naval Lodge No. 100, the ACCA Legion of Honor, and the 70th Army Infantry Division Association.","Jewel Diane Ratliff, 1929-2016, (maiden name Grobb), was a longtime employee of the Chesapeake and Potomac Telephone Company (Verizon), a supporter of the University of Richmond, and a committed member of several volunteer organizations. She was born in Jacksonville, Florida and graduated from Woodrow Wilson High School in 1946 before beginning work at the C\u0026P Telephone Company. She served as president of the Telephone Pioneers of America Richmond Chapter and for the State of Virginia region. Earl and Jewell traveled extensively across the United States, Mexico, and Canada and took many photos of their vacations."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed by Jeremy Alan White with later accruals incorporated by Hillery Wynn.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed by Jeremy Alan White with later accruals incorporated by Hillery Wynn."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection documents the lives of Earl Gordon Ratliff and Jewell Diane Grobb Ratliff, including Earl's time spent at the University of Richmond and their various travels around the United States, Canada, and Mexico. From Jewell's family photos from 1918 to her untimely death in December of 2016, the collection contains personal materials including scrapbooks, family portraits, jewelry, various textiles, and University of Richmond ephemera. This collection captures the Earl Ratliff's volunteer activities at the Food Back, civic and community involvement in the Order of the Eastern Star, ELKS, Cheswick Walking Club, Spiders Club, Rectors Club, and ACCA Temple Shrine. Furthermore, the content of this collection documents Jewell Ratliff's committment to the Chesapeake and Potomac Telephone Company for 36 years and her civic and community involvement in the Telephone Pioneers of America, Commonwealth Women's Club, Cheswick Walking Club, ELKS, and Order of the Eastern Star. Both Ratliffs shared a love of athletics at the University of Richmond and often attended various events in support. The textual materials are comprised of dimplomas, certificates, office emphemera, correspondence, newspaper clippings, obituaries, awards, posters, and related printed matter. Among other formats throughout the collection are photographs, plaques, pins, coins, and WWII paraphernailia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection documents the lives of Earl Gordon Ratliff and Jewell Diane Grobb Ratliff, including Earl's time spent at the University of Richmond and their various travels around the United States, Canada, and Mexico. From Jewell's family photos from 1918 to her untimely death in December of 2016, the collection contains personal materials including scrapbooks, family portraits, jewelry, various textiles, and University of Richmond ephemera. This collection captures the Earl Ratliff's volunteer activities at the Food Back, civic and community involvement in the Order of the Eastern Star, ELKS, Cheswick Walking Club, Spiders Club, Rectors Club, and ACCA Temple Shrine. Furthermore, the content of this collection documents Jewell Ratliff's committment to the Chesapeake and Potomac Telephone Company for 36 years and her civic and community involvement in the Telephone Pioneers of America, Commonwealth Women's Club, Cheswick Walking Club, ELKS, and Order of the Eastern Star. Both Ratliffs shared a love of athletics at the University of Richmond and often attended various events in support. The textual materials are comprised of dimplomas, certificates, office emphemera, correspondence, newspaper clippings, obituaries, awards, posters, and related printed matter. Among other formats throughout the collection are photographs, plaques, pins, coins, and WWII paraphernailia."],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCopyright restrictions may apply. Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Copyright restrictions may apply. Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_64a735eb787dcade64999d6e81c49055\"\u003eThis collection contains ephemera, University of Richmond memorabilia, service awards, photographs, and postcards representing the life of Earl and Jewell Ratliff and their service to the University of Richmond, volunteer organizations, and their love of travel.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["This collection contains ephemera, University of Richmond memorabilia, service awards, photographs, and postcards representing the life of Earl and Jewell Ratliff and their service to the University of Richmond, volunteer organizations, and their love of travel."],"corpname_ssim":["University of Richmond","Telephone Pioneers of America. Old Dominion Chapter"],"names_coll_ssim":["Telephone Pioneers of America. Old Dominion Chapter"],"persname_ssim":["Ratliff, Earl Gordon, 1926-2013","Ratliff, Jewell, 1929-2016"],"names_ssim":["University of Richmond","Telephone Pioneers of America. 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Earl was born in McComb, Mississippi and in 1944, he received his high school diploma from Woodrow Wilson High School in Portsmouth, Virginia. Following his military service, Earl graduated from the University of Richmond in 1951 with a Bachelor of Science in Business Administration. On March 24, 1951 Earl and Jewell were married in Newport News, Virginia. Earl held membership in several organizations including: the Spiders Club, the Portsmouth Naval Lodge No. 100, the ACCA Legion of Honor, and the 70th Army Infantry Division Association.","Jewel Diane Ratliff, 1929-2016, (maiden name Grobb), was a longtime employee of the Chesapeake and Potomac Telephone Company (Verizon), a supporter of the University of Richmond, and a committed member of several volunteer organizations. She was born in Jacksonville, Florida and graduated from Woodrow Wilson High School in 1946 before beginning work at the C\u0026P Telephone Company. She served as president of the Telephone Pioneers of America Richmond Chapter and for the State of Virginia region. Earl and Jewell traveled extensively across the United States, Mexico, and Canada and took many photos of their vacations.","Processed by Jeremy Alan White with later accruals incorporated by Hillery Wynn.","This collection documents the lives of Earl Gordon Ratliff and Jewell Diane Grobb Ratliff, including Earl's time spent at the University of Richmond and their various travels around the United States, Canada, and Mexico. From Jewell's family photos from 1918 to her untimely death in December of 2016, the collection contains personal materials including scrapbooks, family portraits, jewelry, various textiles, and University of Richmond ephemera. This collection captures the Earl Ratliff's volunteer activities at the Food Back, civic and community involvement in the Order of the Eastern Star, ELKS, Cheswick Walking Club, Spiders Club, Rectors Club, and ACCA Temple Shrine. Furthermore, the content of this collection documents Jewell Ratliff's committment to the Chesapeake and Potomac Telephone Company for 36 years and her civic and community involvement in the Telephone Pioneers of America, Commonwealth Women's Club, Cheswick Walking Club, ELKS, and Order of the Eastern Star. Both Ratliffs shared a love of athletics at the University of Richmond and often attended various events in support. The textual materials are comprised of dimplomas, certificates, office emphemera, correspondence, newspaper clippings, obituaries, awards, posters, and related printed matter. Among other formats throughout the collection are photographs, plaques, pins, coins, and WWII paraphernailia.","Copyright restrictions may apply. Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder.","This collection contains ephemera, University of Richmond memorabilia, service awards, photographs, and postcards representing the life of Earl and Jewell Ratliff and their service to the University of Richmond, volunteer organizations, and their love of travel.","University of Richmond","Telephone Pioneers of America. 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Earl held membership in several organizations including: the Spiders Club, the Portsmouth Naval Lodge No. 100, the ACCA Legion of Honor, and the 70th Army Infantry Division Association.","Jewel Diane Ratliff, 1929-2016, (maiden name Grobb), was a longtime employee of the Chesapeake and Potomac Telephone Company (Verizon), a supporter of the University of Richmond, and a committed member of several volunteer organizations. She was born in Jacksonville, Florida and graduated from Woodrow Wilson High School in 1946 before beginning work at the C\u0026P Telephone Company. She served as president of the Telephone Pioneers of America Richmond Chapter and for the State of Virginia region. Earl and Jewell traveled extensively across the United States, Mexico, and Canada and took many photos of their vacations."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed by Jeremy Alan White with later accruals incorporated by Hillery Wynn.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed by Jeremy Alan White with later accruals incorporated by Hillery Wynn."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection documents the lives of Earl Gordon Ratliff and Jewell Diane Grobb Ratliff, including Earl's time spent at the University of Richmond and their various travels around the United States, Canada, and Mexico. From Jewell's family photos from 1918 to her untimely death in December of 2016, the collection contains personal materials including scrapbooks, family portraits, jewelry, various textiles, and University of Richmond ephemera. This collection captures the Earl Ratliff's volunteer activities at the Food Back, civic and community involvement in the Order of the Eastern Star, ELKS, Cheswick Walking Club, Spiders Club, Rectors Club, and ACCA Temple Shrine. Furthermore, the content of this collection documents Jewell Ratliff's committment to the Chesapeake and Potomac Telephone Company for 36 years and her civic and community involvement in the Telephone Pioneers of America, Commonwealth Women's Club, Cheswick Walking Club, ELKS, and Order of the Eastern Star. Both Ratliffs shared a love of athletics at the University of Richmond and often attended various events in support. The textual materials are comprised of dimplomas, certificates, office emphemera, correspondence, newspaper clippings, obituaries, awards, posters, and related printed matter. Among other formats throughout the collection are photographs, plaques, pins, coins, and WWII paraphernailia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection documents the lives of Earl Gordon Ratliff and Jewell Diane Grobb Ratliff, including Earl's time spent at the University of Richmond and their various travels around the United States, Canada, and Mexico. From Jewell's family photos from 1918 to her untimely death in December of 2016, the collection contains personal materials including scrapbooks, family portraits, jewelry, various textiles, and University of Richmond ephemera. This collection captures the Earl Ratliff's volunteer activities at the Food Back, civic and community involvement in the Order of the Eastern Star, ELKS, Cheswick Walking Club, Spiders Club, Rectors Club, and ACCA Temple Shrine. Furthermore, the content of this collection documents Jewell Ratliff's committment to the Chesapeake and Potomac Telephone Company for 36 years and her civic and community involvement in the Telephone Pioneers of America, Commonwealth Women's Club, Cheswick Walking Club, ELKS, and Order of the Eastern Star. Both Ratliffs shared a love of athletics at the University of Richmond and often attended various events in support. The textual materials are comprised of dimplomas, certificates, office emphemera, correspondence, newspaper clippings, obituaries, awards, posters, and related printed matter. Among other formats throughout the collection are photographs, plaques, pins, coins, and WWII paraphernailia."],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCopyright restrictions may apply. Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Copyright restrictions may apply. Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_64a735eb787dcade64999d6e81c49055\"\u003eThis collection contains ephemera, University of Richmond memorabilia, service awards, photographs, and postcards representing the life of Earl and Jewell Ratliff and their service to the University of Richmond, volunteer organizations, and their love of travel.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["This collection contains ephemera, University of Richmond memorabilia, service awards, photographs, and postcards representing the life of Earl and Jewell Ratliff and their service to the University of Richmond, volunteer organizations, and their love of travel."],"corpname_ssim":["University of Richmond","Telephone Pioneers of America. Old Dominion Chapter"],"names_coll_ssim":["Telephone Pioneers of America. Old Dominion Chapter"],"persname_ssim":["Ratliff, Earl Gordon, 1926-2013","Ratliff, Jewell, 1929-2016"],"names_ssim":["University of Richmond","Telephone Pioneers of America. Old Dominion Chapter","Ratliff, Earl Gordon, 1926-2013","Ratliff, Jewell, 1929-2016"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":57,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T23:00:05.988Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viur_repositories_4_resources_55"}},{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_10128","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"John Augustine papers, 1917/1999","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_10128#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eCollection contains postcards, letters, and news clippings documenting activities during World War I (WWI), including letters to and from John Augustine. 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We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.","Collection contains postcards, letters, and news clippings documenting activities during World War I (WWI), including letters to and from John Augustine. 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The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is aranged by file.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Collection is aranged by file."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWilliam \u0026amp; Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. 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In 1963, he was Fulbright Professor of English Literature at the University of Cape Town in South Africa.","Known for his exhaustive research, wry wit, and polished style, he published two widely used textbooks, as well as a stream of poetry, fiction, essays, and scholarly articles. His last three books were Southwest Writers (1967), The Richmond Stage: 1784-1812 (1977), and Last Roundup (1994)."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Box Number, Folder Number], MS-18, Martin Staples Shockley Collection, Book Arts, Archives, \u0026amp; Rare Books, Boatwright Memorial Library, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Box Number, Folder Number], MS-18, Martin Staples Shockley Collection, Book Arts, Archives, \u0026 Rare Books, Boatwright Memorial Library, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed by Elizabeth Dickie.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed by Elizabeth Dickie."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSeries I, Obituaries, includes Dr. Shockley's obituaries from the \u003cemph render=\"italics\"\u003eDallas Morning News\u003c/emph\u003e and an unnamed paper.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries II, Manuscript: \u003cemph render=\"italics\"\u003eThe Richmond Stage, 1812-1825\u003c/emph\u003e, is the main part of the collection and holds the unpublished manuscript for \u003cemph render=\"italics\"\u003eThe Richmond Stage: 1812-1825\u003c/emph\u003e. 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The manuscript is typewritten with corrections and additions.","Series III, Other Works, includes an eclectic mix of reviews, unpublished poetry, and correspondence concerning Shockley's work."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cul\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cemph render=\"italics\"\u003eLast Roundup\u003c/emph\u003e by M. S. Shockley (signed) PN47.S562 L27 1994\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cemph render=\"italics\"\u003eThe Richmond Stage: 1784-1812\u003c/emph\u003e (University Press of Virginia, 1977) PN 2277.R54 S5\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\n  "],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["Last Roundup by M. S. Shockley (signed) PN47.S562 L27 1994\n\nThe Richmond Stage: 1784-1812 (University Press of Virginia, 1977) PN 2277.R54 S5"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCopyright restrictions may apply. Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright.  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Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Copyright restrictions may apply. Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright.  Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_0f38bbc047defcaeab6c6db27033483e\"\u003eThe collection contains the manuscript for Martin Staples Shockley's unpublished work, \u003cemph render=\"italics\"\u003eThe Richmond Stage: 1812-1825\u003c/emph\u003e, as well as other writings of his. Also included are two copies of Mr. Shockley's obituary.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The collection contains the manuscript for Martin Staples Shockley's unpublished work, The Richmond Stage: 1812-1825, as well as other writings of his. 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The material highlights RAA's growth and achievements over five decades, including early annual exhibitions at the Carillon and Miller and Rhoads, as well as numerous other exhibitions. Meeting minutes, officer files, and membership materials detail RAA's administration over the years, while the newsletters provide an overview of all RAA activities. Several files highlight the RAA's relationship with other arts organizations, especially the Federated Arts Council of Richmond.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/virmu_repositories_2_resources_21#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_21","ead_ssi":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_21","_root_":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_21","_nest_parent_":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_21","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VMFA/repositories_2_resources_21.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.vmfa.museum/repositories/2/resources/21","title_filing_ssi":"Richmond Artists Association (SC-09)","title_ssm":["Records of the Richmond Artists Association (SC-09)"],"title_tesim":["Records of the Richmond Artists Association (SC-09)"],"unitdate_ssm":["1955-2005"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1955-2005"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1955/2005"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Records of the Richmond Artists Association (SC-09), 1955/2005"],"text":["Records of the Richmond Artists Association (SC-09), 1955/2005","SC-09","/repositories/2/resources/21","Richmond (Va.)","Art, American -- Virginia -- 20th century","Artists -- Virginia","The collection is open for research.","The collection is organized into two series, and items are arranged chronologically within each series. 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The collection is comprised of exhibition catalogs, correspondence, membership lists, president and officer files, meeting minutes, committee files, newsletters, and other ephemeral material.","The collection is subject to all copyright laws. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by copyright, beyond that allowed by fair use, requires the researcher to obtain permission of copyright holders.","The collection documents the history of the Richmond Artists Association (RAA), from its founding in 1955 by artist Westwood Winfree, to 2005 when the group joined with another Richmond art organization to form the Metropolitan Richmond Artists Association. The material highlights RAA's growth and achievements over five decades, including early annual exhibitions at the Carillon and Miller and Rhoads, as well as numerous other exhibitions. Meeting minutes, officer files, and membership materials detail RAA's administration over the years, while the newsletters provide an overview of all RAA activities. Several files highlight the RAA's relationship with other arts organizations, especially the Federated Arts Council of Richmond.","Virginia Museum of Fine Arts Archives","Richmond Artists Association","Metropolitan Richmond Artists Association","Federated Arts Council of Richmond","Arts Council of Richmond","English\n."],"collection_title_tesim":["Records of the Richmond Artists Association (SC-09), 1955/2005"],"collection_ssim":["Records of the Richmond Artists Association (SC-09), 1955/2005"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC-09","/repositories/2/resources/21"],"unitid_tesim":["SC-09","/repositories/2/resources/21"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts"],"geogname_ssm":["Richmond (Va.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Richmond (Va.)"],"places_ssim":["Richmond (Va.)"],"creator_ssm":["Richmond Artists Association","Metropolitan Richmond Artists Association"],"creator_ssim":["Richmond Artists Association","Metropolitan Richmond Artists Association"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts Archives","Richmond Artists Association","Metropolitan Richmond Artists Association","Federated Arts Council of Richmond","Arts Council of Richmond"],"creators_ssim":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts Archives","Richmond Artists Association","Metropolitan Richmond Artists Association","Federated Arts Council of Richmond","Arts Council of Richmond"],"access_terms_ssm":["The collection is subject to all copyright laws. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by copyright, beyond that allowed by fair use, requires the researcher to obtain permission of copyright holders."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Art, American -- Virginia -- 20th century","Artists -- Virginia"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Art, American -- Virginia -- 20th century","Artists -- Virginia"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["5 Linear Feet 4 boxes; 161 folders"],"extent_tesim":["5 Linear Feet 4 boxes; 161 folders"],"date_range_isim":[1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is organized into two series, and items are arranged chronologically within each series. 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No. 33863)"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLooking for ways to display their artworks and introduce Richmond to contemporary fine art, a group of full time art instructors and other professional artists from the Richmond Professional Institute (now Virginia Commonwealth University's School of Arts) started the area's very first art organization. The Richmond Artists Association began in 1955 with artist/lawyer, Westwood Winfree, as its first president and Theresa Pollock as one of its founding members. The Richmond Artists Association has been a leader in encouraging and showcasing all types of art throughout the community. In the fall of 2005, members of the Richmond Artists Association and the Metropolitan Artists Association met and decided to join together to form the Metropolitan Richmond Artists Association.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSource: \u003ca href=\"http://metrorichmondart.com/mraa/\"\u003eMetropolitan Richmond Artists Association\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Looking for ways to display their artworks and introduce Richmond to contemporary fine art, a group of full time art instructors and other professional artists from the Richmond Professional Institute (now Virginia Commonwealth University's School of Arts) started the area's very first art organization. The Richmond Artists Association began in 1955 with artist/lawyer, Westwood Winfree, as its first president and Theresa Pollock as one of its founding members. The Richmond Artists Association has been a leader in encouraging and showcasing all types of art throughout the community. In the fall of 2005, members of the Richmond Artists Association and the Metropolitan Artists Association met and decided to join together to form the Metropolitan Richmond Artists Association.","Source: Metropolitan Richmond Artists Association"],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection was donated by Irene Jessee Perry, past President of Richmond Artists Association in August 2005. The blue notebook belonging to Sara D. (Mrs. Israel) November was donated by Neil November in November 2011.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Custodial History"],"custodhist_tesim":["The collection was donated by Irene Jessee Perry, past President of Richmond Artists Association in August 2005. The blue notebook belonging to Sara D. 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When provided, original folder titles were kept."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection's inclusive dates are 1955-2005, with the bulk of the material dating from 1955-1994. The collection is comprised of exhibition catalogs, correspondence, membership lists, president and officer files, meeting minutes, committee files, newsletters, and other ephemeral material.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection's inclusive dates are 1955-2005, with the bulk of the material dating from 1955-1994. The collection is comprised of exhibition catalogs, correspondence, membership lists, president and officer files, meeting minutes, committee files, newsletters, and other ephemeral material."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is subject to all copyright laws. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by copyright, beyond that allowed by fair use, requires the researcher to obtain permission of copyright holders.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The collection is subject to all copyright laws. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by copyright, beyond that allowed by fair use, requires the researcher to obtain permission of copyright holders."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_827ed54167c34897a85d342ff45080f1\"\u003eThe collection documents the history of the Richmond Artists Association (RAA), from its founding in 1955 by artist Westwood Winfree, to 2005 when the group joined with another Richmond art organization to form the Metropolitan Richmond Artists Association. The material highlights RAA's growth and achievements over five decades, including early annual exhibitions at the Carillon and Miller and Rhoads, as well as numerous other exhibitions. Meeting minutes, officer files, and membership materials detail RAA's administration over the years, while the newsletters provide an overview of all RAA activities. Several files highlight the RAA's relationship with other arts organizations, especially the Federated Arts Council of Richmond.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The collection documents the history of the Richmond Artists Association (RAA), from its founding in 1955 by artist Westwood Winfree, to 2005 when the group joined with another Richmond art organization to form the Metropolitan Richmond Artists Association. The material highlights RAA's growth and achievements over five decades, including early annual exhibitions at the Carillon and Miller and Rhoads, as well as numerous other exhibitions. Meeting minutes, officer files, and membership materials detail RAA's administration over the years, while the newsletters provide an overview of all RAA activities. Several files highlight the RAA's relationship with other arts organizations, especially the Federated Arts Council of Richmond."],"corpname_ssim":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts Archives","Richmond Artists Association","Metropolitan Richmond Artists Association","Federated Arts Council of Richmond","Arts Council of Richmond"],"names_coll_ssim":["Federated Arts Council of Richmond","Arts Council of Richmond"],"names_ssim":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts Archives","Richmond Artists Association","Metropolitan Richmond Artists Association","Federated Arts Council of Richmond","Arts Council of Richmond"],"language_ssim":["English\n."],"total_component_count_is":163,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:40:21.394Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_21","ead_ssi":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_21","_root_":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_21","_nest_parent_":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_21","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VMFA/repositories_2_resources_21.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.vmfa.museum/repositories/2/resources/21","title_filing_ssi":"Richmond Artists Association (SC-09)","title_ssm":["Records of the Richmond Artists Association (SC-09)"],"title_tesim":["Records of the Richmond Artists Association (SC-09)"],"unitdate_ssm":["1955-2005"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1955-2005"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1955/2005"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Records of the Richmond Artists Association (SC-09), 1955/2005"],"text":["Records of the Richmond Artists Association (SC-09), 1955/2005","SC-09","/repositories/2/resources/21","Richmond (Va.)","Art, American -- Virginia -- 20th century","Artists -- Virginia","The collection is open for research.","The collection is organized into two series, and items are arranged chronologically within each series. Items with no date are placed at the end of a series.","Series 1\n        General Files, 1955-2005, undated\n      \n      \n        Series 2\n        Newsletters, 1971-2002","Subject File: Organizations and Foundations: Virginia: Private: Richmond Artists Association","Virginia Museum of Fine Arts Director's Correspondence, 1936-1976 (Coll. No. 33863)","Looking for ways to display their artworks and introduce Richmond to contemporary fine art, a group of full time art instructors and other professional artists from the Richmond Professional Institute (now Virginia Commonwealth University's School of Arts) started the area's very first art organization. The Richmond Artists Association began in 1955 with artist/lawyer, Westwood Winfree, as its first president and Theresa Pollock as one of its founding members. The Richmond Artists Association has been a leader in encouraging and showcasing all types of art throughout the community. In the fall of 2005, members of the Richmond Artists Association and the Metropolitan Artists Association met and decided to join together to form the Metropolitan Richmond Artists Association.","Source: Metropolitan Richmond Artists Association","The collection was donated by Irene Jessee Perry, past President of Richmond Artists Association in August 2005. The blue notebook belonging to Sara D. (Mrs. Israel) November was donated by Neil November in November 2011.","The collection was arranged chronologically and newsletters that were scattered throughout the collection were brought together in one series. When provided, original folder titles were kept.","The collection's inclusive dates are 1955-2005, with the bulk of the material dating from 1955-1994. The collection is comprised of exhibition catalogs, correspondence, membership lists, president and officer files, meeting minutes, committee files, newsletters, and other ephemeral material.","The collection is subject to all copyright laws. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by copyright, beyond that allowed by fair use, requires the researcher to obtain permission of copyright holders.","The collection documents the history of the Richmond Artists Association (RAA), from its founding in 1955 by artist Westwood Winfree, to 2005 when the group joined with another Richmond art organization to form the Metropolitan Richmond Artists Association. The material highlights RAA's growth and achievements over five decades, including early annual exhibitions at the Carillon and Miller and Rhoads, as well as numerous other exhibitions. Meeting minutes, officer files, and membership materials detail RAA's administration over the years, while the newsletters provide an overview of all RAA activities. Several files highlight the RAA's relationship with other arts organizations, especially the Federated Arts Council of Richmond.","Virginia Museum of Fine Arts Archives","Richmond Artists Association","Metropolitan Richmond Artists Association","Federated Arts Council of Richmond","Arts Council of Richmond","English\n."],"collection_title_tesim":["Records of the Richmond Artists Association (SC-09), 1955/2005"],"collection_ssim":["Records of the Richmond Artists Association (SC-09), 1955/2005"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC-09","/repositories/2/resources/21"],"unitid_tesim":["SC-09","/repositories/2/resources/21"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts"],"geogname_ssm":["Richmond (Va.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Richmond (Va.)"],"places_ssim":["Richmond (Va.)"],"creator_ssm":["Richmond Artists Association","Metropolitan Richmond Artists Association"],"creator_ssim":["Richmond Artists Association","Metropolitan Richmond Artists Association"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts Archives","Richmond Artists Association","Metropolitan Richmond Artists Association","Federated Arts Council of Richmond","Arts Council of Richmond"],"creators_ssim":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts Archives","Richmond Artists Association","Metropolitan Richmond Artists Association","Federated Arts Council of Richmond","Arts Council of Richmond"],"access_terms_ssm":["The collection is subject to all copyright laws. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by copyright, beyond that allowed by fair use, requires the researcher to obtain permission of copyright holders."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Art, American -- Virginia -- 20th century","Artists -- Virginia"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Art, American -- Virginia -- 20th century","Artists -- Virginia"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["5 Linear Feet 4 boxes; 161 folders"],"extent_tesim":["5 Linear Feet 4 boxes; 161 folders"],"date_range_isim":[1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is organized into two series, and items are arranged chronologically within each series. Items with no date are placed at the end of a series.\u003c/p\u003e    ","\u003clist type=\"deflist\"\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 1\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eGeneral Files, 1955-2005, undated\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 2\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eNewsletters, 1971-2002\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is organized into two series, and items are arranged chronologically within each series. Items with no date are placed at the end of a series.","Series 1\n        General Files, 1955-2005, undated\n      \n      \n        Series 2\n        Newsletters, 1971-2002"],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cbibref\u003eSubject File: Organizations and Foundations: Virginia: Private: Richmond Artists Association\u003c/bibref\u003e\n  ","\u003cbibref\u003eVirginia Museum of Fine Arts Director's Correspondence, 1936-1976 (Coll. No. 33863) \u003c/bibref\u003e\n  "],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Related Materials - VMFA Library","Related Materials - Library of Virginia"],"bibliography_tesim":["Subject File: Organizations and Foundations: Virginia: Private: Richmond Artists Association","Virginia Museum of Fine Arts Director's Correspondence, 1936-1976 (Coll. No. 33863)"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLooking for ways to display their artworks and introduce Richmond to contemporary fine art, a group of full time art instructors and other professional artists from the Richmond Professional Institute (now Virginia Commonwealth University's School of Arts) started the area's very first art organization. The Richmond Artists Association began in 1955 with artist/lawyer, Westwood Winfree, as its first president and Theresa Pollock as one of its founding members. The Richmond Artists Association has been a leader in encouraging and showcasing all types of art throughout the community. In the fall of 2005, members of the Richmond Artists Association and the Metropolitan Artists Association met and decided to join together to form the Metropolitan Richmond Artists Association.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSource: \u003ca href=\"http://metrorichmondart.com/mraa/\"\u003eMetropolitan Richmond Artists Association\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Looking for ways to display their artworks and introduce Richmond to contemporary fine art, a group of full time art instructors and other professional artists from the Richmond Professional Institute (now Virginia Commonwealth University's School of Arts) started the area's very first art organization. The Richmond Artists Association began in 1955 with artist/lawyer, Westwood Winfree, as its first president and Theresa Pollock as one of its founding members. The Richmond Artists Association has been a leader in encouraging and showcasing all types of art throughout the community. In the fall of 2005, members of the Richmond Artists Association and the Metropolitan Artists Association met and decided to join together to form the Metropolitan Richmond Artists Association.","Source: Metropolitan Richmond Artists Association"],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection was donated by Irene Jessee Perry, past President of Richmond Artists Association in August 2005. The blue notebook belonging to Sara D. (Mrs. Israel) November was donated by Neil November in November 2011.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Custodial History"],"custodhist_tesim":["The collection was donated by Irene Jessee Perry, past President of Richmond Artists Association in August 2005. The blue notebook belonging to Sara D. (Mrs. Israel) November was donated by Neil November in November 2011."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRecords of the Richmond Artists Association (SC-09). Gift of the Richmond Artists Association by Irene Jessee Perry. VMFA Archives, Richmond, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Records of the Richmond Artists Association (SC-09). Gift of the Richmond Artists Association by Irene Jessee Perry. VMFA Archives, Richmond, Virginia."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection was arranged chronologically and newsletters that were scattered throughout the collection were brought together in one series. When provided, original folder titles were kept.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The collection was arranged chronologically and newsletters that were scattered throughout the collection were brought together in one series. When provided, original folder titles were kept."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection's inclusive dates are 1955-2005, with the bulk of the material dating from 1955-1994. The collection is comprised of exhibition catalogs, correspondence, membership lists, president and officer files, meeting minutes, committee files, newsletters, and other ephemeral material.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection's inclusive dates are 1955-2005, with the bulk of the material dating from 1955-1994. The collection is comprised of exhibition catalogs, correspondence, membership lists, president and officer files, meeting minutes, committee files, newsletters, and other ephemeral material."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is subject to all copyright laws. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by copyright, beyond that allowed by fair use, requires the researcher to obtain permission of copyright holders.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The collection is subject to all copyright laws. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by copyright, beyond that allowed by fair use, requires the researcher to obtain permission of copyright holders."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_827ed54167c34897a85d342ff45080f1\"\u003eThe collection documents the history of the Richmond Artists Association (RAA), from its founding in 1955 by artist Westwood Winfree, to 2005 when the group joined with another Richmond art organization to form the Metropolitan Richmond Artists Association. The material highlights RAA's growth and achievements over five decades, including early annual exhibitions at the Carillon and Miller and Rhoads, as well as numerous other exhibitions. Meeting minutes, officer files, and membership materials detail RAA's administration over the years, while the newsletters provide an overview of all RAA activities. Several files highlight the RAA's relationship with other arts organizations, especially the Federated Arts Council of Richmond.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The collection documents the history of the Richmond Artists Association (RAA), from its founding in 1955 by artist Westwood Winfree, to 2005 when the group joined with another Richmond art organization to form the Metropolitan Richmond Artists Association. The material highlights RAA's growth and achievements over five decades, including early annual exhibitions at the Carillon and Miller and Rhoads, as well as numerous other exhibitions. Meeting minutes, officer files, and membership materials detail RAA's administration over the years, while the newsletters provide an overview of all RAA activities. Several files highlight the RAA's relationship with other arts organizations, especially the Federated Arts Council of Richmond."],"corpname_ssim":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts Archives","Richmond Artists Association","Metropolitan Richmond Artists Association","Federated Arts Council of Richmond","Arts Council of Richmond"],"names_coll_ssim":["Federated Arts Council of Richmond","Arts Council of Richmond"],"names_ssim":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts Archives","Richmond Artists Association","Metropolitan Richmond Artists Association","Federated Arts Council of Richmond","Arts Council of Richmond"],"language_ssim":["English\n."],"total_component_count_is":163,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:40:21.394Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/virmu_repositories_2_resources_21"}},{"id":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_37_c01_c02_c70","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"The Relationship Between Photography and Literature, 1996","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/virmu_repositories_2_resources_37_c01_c02_c70#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_37_c01_c02_c70","ref_ssm":["virmu_repositories_2_resources_37_c01_c02_c70"],"id":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_37_c01_c02_c70","ead_ssi":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_37","_root_":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_37","_nest_parent_":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_37_c01_c02","parent_ssi":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_37_c01_c02","parent_ssim":["Louis H. Draper Artist Archives (VA-04), 1945/2005","Series 1: Manuscripts, 1947/2005","Sub-Series 1.2: Photographic Career, 1961/2000"],"parent_ids_ssim":["virmu_repositories_2_resources_37","virmu_repositories_2_resources_37_c01","virmu_repositories_2_resources_37_c01_c02"],"title_filing_ssi":"The Relationship Between Photography and Literature","title_ssm":["The Relationship Between Photography and Literature"],"title_tesim":["The Relationship Between Photography and Literature"],"normalized_title_ssm":["The Relationship Between Photography and Literature, 1996"],"text":["The Relationship Between Photography and Literature, 1996","Louis H. Draper Artist Archives (VA-04), 1945/2005","Series 1: Manuscripts, 1947/2005","Sub-Series 1.2: Photographic Career, 1961/2000","Paper","box VA-04 Box 3","folder Folder 3","Item VA04.01.2.069","J. Sargeant Reynolds Community College","Richmond (Va.)","Photography, Artistic","English","Digitization has been made possible in part by the National Endowment for the Humanities: Exploring the Human Endeavor.","No Copyright - United States: http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Louis H. Draper Artist Archives (VA-04), 1945/2005","Series 1: Manuscripts, 1947/2005","Sub-Series 1.2: Photographic Career, 1961/2000"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Louis H. Draper Artist Archives (VA-04), 1945/2005","Series 1: Manuscripts, 1947/2005","Sub-Series 1.2: Photographic Career, 1961/2000"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1996"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["Oct. 3, 1996"],"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"component_level_isim":[3],"sort_isi":376,"repository_ssim":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts"],"collection_ssim":["Louis H. Draper Artist Archives (VA-04), 1945/2005"],"physdesc_tesim":["Paper"],"extent_ssm":["1 page"],"extent_tesim":["1 page"],"physfacet_tesim":["Announcements"],"containers_ssim":["box VA-04 Box 3","folder Folder 3","Item VA04.01.2.069"],"creator_ssim":["J. Sargeant Reynolds Community College","J. Sargeant Reynolds Community College"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The collection is open for research. Digitization of the collection has been made possible by the National Endowment for the Humanities. The digital collection can be accessed through the VMFA Collections Search website.","A limited number of files are restricted. Access to restricted materials may require written permission of the donor and/or the VMFA Director."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["No Copyright - United States: http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en"],"corpname_ssim":["J. Sargeant Reynolds Community College"],"persname_ssim":["J. Sargeant Reynolds Community College"],"names_ssim":["J. Sargeant Reynolds Community College"],"geogname_ssim":["Richmond (Va.)"],"geogname_ssm":["Richmond (Va.)"],"places_ssim":["Richmond (Va.)"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Photography, Artistic"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Photography, Artistic"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Acquired from the Louis H. Draper Preservation Trust with the Arthur and Margaret Glasgow Endowment Fund."],"language_ssim":["English"],"date_range_isim":[1996],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDigitization has been made possible in part by the National Endowment for the Humanities: Exploring the Human Endeavor.\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["General"],"odd_tesim":["Digitization has been made possible in part by the National Endowment for the Humanities: Exploring the Human Endeavor."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLouis H. Draper Artist Archives (VA-04). Acquired from the Louis H. Draper Preservation Trust with the Arthur and Margaret Glasgow Endowment Fund. VMFA Archives, Richmond, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_heading_ssm":["Preferred Citation"],"prefercite_tesim":["Louis H. Draper Artist Archives (VA-04). Acquired from the Louis H. Draper Preservation Trust with the Arthur and Margaret Glasgow Endowment Fund. VMFA Archives, Richmond, Virginia."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo Copyright - United States: http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["No Copyright - United States: http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en"],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#1/components#69","timestamp":"2026-08-27T00:05:08.613Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_37","ead_ssi":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_37","_root_":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_37","_nest_parent_":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_37","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VMFA/repositories_2_resources_37.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.vmfa.museum/repositories/2/resources/37","title_filing_ssi":"Draper, Louis (VA-04)","title_ssm":["Louis H. Draper Artist Archives (VA-04)"],"title_tesim":["Louis H. Draper Artist Archives (VA-04)"],"unitdate_ssm":["1945-2005"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1945-2005"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1945/2005"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Louis H. Draper Artist Archives (VA-04), 1945/2005"],"text":["Louis H. Draper Artist Archives (VA-04), 1945/2005","VA-04","/repositories/2/resources/37","Photography, Artistic","Photography, Artistic -- Exhibitions","Photography--History--20th century","Photography--History--21st century","Photographers -- Virginia","Photography--Study and teaching","The collection is open for research. Digitization of the collection has been made possible by the National Endowment for the Humanities. The digital collection can be accessed through the VMFA Collections Search website.","A limited number of files are restricted. Access to restricted materials may require written permission of the donor and/or the VMFA Director.","The collection is organized into eleven series. Arrangement within each series varies based upon the material. In general, the manuscript materials are arranged chronologically (where possible), and the photographic material is arranged thematically, often by geographic location. The only series that is arranged alphabetically is Series 3.1: Identified Subjects.\"","Series 1\n        Manuscripts, 1947-2005, undated\n      \n      \n        Series 2\n        Publications, 1959-2005, undated\n      \n      \n        Series 3\n        Photography: Portraits, 1958-2001, undated\n      \n      \n        Series 4\n        Photography: United States Locations, 1957-1999, undated\n      \n      \n        Series 5\n        Photography: International Locations, 1978-1990, undated\n      \n      \n        Series 6\n        Photography: Landscapes and Abstractions, 1960-2000, undated\n      \n      \n        Series 7\n        Portfolios, 1964, undated\n      \n      \n        Series 8\n        Photographic Equipment, 1945-1988, undated\n      \n      \n        Series 9\n        Audiovisual Materials, 1972-2000, undated\n      \n      \n        Series 10\n        Born Digital Files, 1996-2001, undated\n      \n      \n        Series 11\n        Photographs by Others, 1946-1998, undated","Working Together: Louis Draper and the Kamoinge Workshop, 2020","Growing up in Civil Rights Richmond: A Community Remembers, 2019","Louis H. Draper: Selected Photographs, 2015","Timeless, 2015","The Sweet Breath of Life: A Poetic Narrative of the African-American Family, 2004","Virginia Artist File: Louis Draper","International Artist File: Kamoinge","Louis Hansel Draper","Born: September 24, 1935, Richmond, VA\nDied: February 18, 2002, Trenton, NJ","While a student at Virginia State College (now University) Lou Draper wrote to his father, Hansel, with the news that he had joined the school newspaper. His father—an amateur photographer in Richmond's East End—gave Draper his first camera. After joining the college camera club, he dropped a bottle of acid while trying to develop his film. As a result of trying to mop it up, he was hospitalized and subsequently kicked out of the club. Despite this initial setback, Draper resolved to be a photographer after seeing the exhibition catalogue for The Family of Man (1955). Realizing that the work he admired was made by photographers in New York, Draper left Virginia State during his final semester and, with the support of his family, moved to New York City.","Throughout the late 1950s Draper worked as a medical clerk while studying at the New York Institute of Photography. He dropped out realizing he could learn the same information through magazines like Modern Photography. In 1958 Draper enrolled in a photography workshop led by Harold Feinstein, where he met professional photographers like David Vestal and Herb Randall. Draper also worked as an assistant to studio photographers Larence Shustak and John Rawlings.","In 1959 Draper exhibited two works in the Photography at Mid-Century exhibition curated by Beaumont Newhall at the George Eastman House (now Museum). He also exhibited his work in Greenwich Village galleries, including the Image Gallery run by Larry Siegel.","Draper enrolled in workshops at the New School for Social Research, including W. Eugene Smith's course \"Photography Made Difficult: Photojournalism, the Construction of Picture Stories and Picture Essays\" and began working with the prolific magazine photographer around 1960. In addition to assisting in the darkroom, Draper was a teaching aide for \"Photography Made More Difficult\" hosted at Smith's Flower-District loft.","In 1963 Draper turned his attention to the Kamoinge Workshop and quickly emerged as one of the group's teachers. Draper contributed to major workshop projects in the early to mid-1960s beginning with Portfolio No. 1 through the \"Harlem\" photo-essay in the July 1966 issue of Camera magazine, which featured his photograph John Henry on the cover. Portfolio No. 2 and the photoessay included Draper's poem \"Colonial Legacy.\"","In the late 1960s Draper taught photography courses while taking classes in film production. Between 1966 and 1968 Draper worked with Randall, Ray Francis, and Jimmie Mannas at the Youth in Action program in Bedford-Stuyvesant, teaching photography to teenagers and young adults. He also participated in the Channel 13 Black Journal Workshop where he concentrated on learning motion picture production. In 1968 he enrolled in the graduate program at the New York University Institute of Film and Television along with future Kamoinge member Danny Dawson. Draper gained professional film experience by working for Mannas's Jymie Productions and assisted Mannas with two short documentaries, Head and Heart and The Folks. He was also a cameraman for commercial and independent projects led by NYU professors like cinematographer Bedrich (Beda) Batka and worked on a number of productions as a still photographer. In 1982 he was a script supervisor and photographer for the feature-length film Losing Ground.","In 1967 he began teaching a class in photographic techniques at Central Brooklyn Neighborhood College, which was supported by the Pratt Institute Center for Community Improvement. He left the program in 1969 but returned to Pratt in 1974 to teach a college-level photography course for design students. Draper joined the staff of the Multi-Media Project at Intermediate School 201 in the Bronx in 1971 where Herb Randall, Calvin Wilson, and Ray Francis also served as photographers and teachers. He also worked with the Photography for Rehabilitation program at the New York State Division for Youth in 1974.","In 1971 the director of the Studio Museum in Harlem, Edward Spriggs, called a meeting of photographers to address how they could use photography to support the neighborhood. Draper and Beuford Smith were among the founding members of a group named the Collective Black Photographers. During Draper's tenure as chairman of the group they organized a fundraisers and community photography projects. Draper also served on the Studio Museum's Photography Committee.","Essence sent Draper to Ruleville, Mississippi, to photograph civil rights activist Fannie Lou Hamer and the Freedom Farm Cooperative. These photographs were part of the feature story \"Fannie Lou Hamer Speaks Out\" in the magazine's October 1971 issue. The next month, Essence published Draper's portraits of the some of the mothers of the \"Harlem Six,\" a group of young Black men who were wrongly accused of murder in New York City in 1964.","In 1973 Draper won a Creative Artists Public Service (CAPS) program grant \"to create a set of film-strips about Ruleville, Mississippi . . . for use in New York City public schools and for public presentation.\" CAPS award panels included leading photographers such as Harry Callahan, and not only provided funding for artists but also enriched the creative community. In 1976 the CAPS publication Exposure: Work by Ten Photographers included work by Draper and Anthony Barboza. From 1974 to 1975 Draper served as coordinator of photography for the CAPS program and was an award panelist in 1982.","Interspersed with his teaching assignments, Draper explored other artistic media and forms. In addition to taking screenwriting classes at NYU, he attended workshops at the Frederick Douglass Creative Arts Center in 1982, studying screenwriting with Fred Hudson and Elihu Weiner and videotape production with Vernard Gantt. Building on his experiences with W. Eugene Smith, Draper studied page design at the C. Richard Read Studio. On occasion, he worked as a studio assistant to Herb Robinson and Barboza. He was also a cofounder of Northlight Studios, which operated from 1975 to 1985.","From 1978 to 1982 Draper taught and coordinated photography courses for schools in New Jersey, through the Creative Resources Institute. Afterward, he began teaching photography for Mercer County Community College in Trenton. Draper finally received his bachelor of arts degree from Thomas A. Edison State College in 1987. He participated in organizations like the Trenton Artists Workshop Association (TAWA) and was an artist in residence at Light Work in Syracuse, New York, where he printed his series New Jersey Artists, which included portraits of painters Hughie Lee-Smith and Bernarda Bryson Shahn, among others.","Draper taught at Mercer until his death in 2002.","The biography above, written by Sharayah Cochran, has been reproduced from the catalog \"Working Together: Louis Draper and the Kamoinge Workshop.\"","Louis Draper's sister, Nell Draper-Winston, inherited his estate upon his death in 2002. The collection remained at Mercer Community College in Trenton, New Jersey while Gary Saretzky (Draper's friend and colleague, as well as an Archivist for the Monmouth County Archives) organized it from 2002-2006.","Saretzky created a detailed finding aid for the photographs and archives before transferring them (on Draper-Winston's behalf) to the Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library at the University of Virginia in Charlottesville, Virginia. The collection arrived at the University of Virginia on December 26, 2006, and left in November 2012 to come to Candela Books and Photographs in Richmond, Virginia (email to Courtney Tkacz from Heather Riser, Head of Operations, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, July 1, 2019).","At that time, Candela represented the Louis H. Draper Preservation Trust and housed the collection until it was acquired by the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts in December 2015 as part of a gift-purchase of the archive and 35 photographs for the museum's art collection.","In February 2008, Don Lowing, a darkroom technician at Mercer County Community College located other materials including cameras, disks, and photographic materials (mainly negatives). These additional materials were inventoried by Saretzky and sent to the University of Virginia to be integrated into the rest of the collection (email to Courtney Tkacz from Gary Saretzky, June 28, 2019).","In 2017, the museum was awarded a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities to fund 29 months of work that transformed this extremely large, physical archive into a rich digital resource. An interdepartmental grant team was assembled from across the museum, including staff members of the Library/Archives, Imaging Resources, Curatorial, and Conservation departments.","While the physical archive had been well organized previously, the digitization process allowed the team to rethink the intellectual arrangement and determine an ideal numbering scheme for a photography archive. The result was a system designed around the organizing principle of the photoshoot itself, and now all related contact sheets, prints, slides, and negatives are described together.","Processing and description of the manuscript materials was performed by Courtney Yevich Tkacz from 2016-2017, and processing and description of the photographic material was performed by Margo Lentz-Meyer from 2017-2019. All materials were digitized in their original sleeves, then rehoused, but all sleeves with Draper's handwriting were retained.","The collection's inclusive dates are 1945-2005, with the bulk of the material dating from the 1960s-1990s. The collection is comprised of correspondence, ephemera, publications, negatives, contact sheets, slides, prints, and photographic equipment.","The collection is subject to all copyright laws. VMFA has been granted a non-exclusive license to reproduce the collection only for their educational and publicity purposes by the Louis H. Draper Preservation Trust. Other digitized content is licensed for use under a Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial 4.0 International License.","Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by copyright, beyond that allowed by fair use, requires the researcher to obtain permission of copyright holders.","The extensive collection documents the life and work of Richmond-born photographer and educator Louis Draper (1935–2002). Manuscript and photographic materials document Draper's experience and work as an African American photographer, including his recognition of his photography as a form of \"engaged resistance\" that not only bore witness to leaders of the civil rights movement, but also offered a richer and more diverse perspective of African American life than provided by the mainstream media. \n\nIn 1963, he was a founding member of the Kamoinge Workshop, a collective of African American photographers, and the collection includes significant materials from the early years of the Kamoinge Workshop and document his perspective on the professional challenges that he and the collective confronted in the process of finding publications that would publish photographs of African Americans made by African Americans. \n\nHis photographs of significant 20th-century artists, writers, musicians, and performers reflect the wide array of personal connections that Draper made after moving to New York from Richmond, Virginia in 1957. Printed photographs and contact sheets in Draper's archive show a broad view of city life and the everyday interactions between people and also offer a unique vision of African American neighborhoods in the 1960s and 1970s.","Virginia Museum of Fine Arts Archives","Louis H. Draper Preservation Trust","Kamoinge Inc.‏","Random House (Firm). Penguin Books, Inc.","United States Civil Service Commission","Junior Courier","Bedford-Stuyvesant Youth in Action","Honeywell Information Systems, Inc.","American Telephone and Telegraph Company","Nikon, Inc.","New Bridge Baptist Church","American Negro Commemorative Society","Shaw-Beach","New York Foundation for the Arts","Pratt Institute. Art School","U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission","Urban Bikeway Design Collaborative","Museum of Modern Art (New York, N.Y.)","Free Library of Philadelphia","New Jersey State Teen Arts Program","Brooklyn Museum of Art","Riverside Church Weekday School","Mercer County Community College (N.J.)","Gallery Henoch","Rochester Institute of Technology","Virginia State College","New York University. Institute of Graduate Film and Television","Temple University","Thomas Edison State College","Eastman Kodak Company","Recording Institute of America","Indiana University. Independent Study Division","Preston Publications","Bucks County Community College","Edwal Scientific Products","Studio Museum in Harlem","Hackensack Public Schools","New York State Council on the Arts","Creative Resources Institute","Allen Memorial Art Museum","Trenton Writers Guild","Greater Bordentown Chamber of Commerce","The Rotkin Review","Princeton Photography Club","John Young Audio-Visual Production","Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture","St. Lawrence Rehabilitation Center","Mercer County (N.J.)","Stockton State College","Ansel Adams Gallery (Yosemite National Park, Calif.)","Rider College Art Gallery","Photo Workshop","Mercer Medical Center","Noyes Museum of Art","Photographers Forum","Art Kane Photo Workshop","Morris Museum","Essence","New York University. American Photography Institute","George Eastman House","Art in the Atrium","Johnson and Johnson","Bristol-Myers Squibb Company","Webster University","Charles McCollough Studio","Anacostia Museum and Center for African American History and Culture","University of Texas at Austin‏","General Artists Agency","Pavilion Gallery. Sculpture Garden","Virginia Statesman","Camera (Lucerne, Switzerland)","The Arrow","Like It Is","Photography Project of the President's Council on Youth Opportunity","Industrial Photography","Inside Out","New York Times company","Popular Photography","The Honeywell World","New York post","Associated Press","Photography Year","Black enterprise","College Voice","Dialogue","Trentonian","Trenton Sunday Times. The Magazine","Round-up","Trenton Sunday Times","Hightstown Gazette","Whoot","Garden State Press Clipping Bureau","Press of Atlantic City","Weekend Beacon","New Jersey Clipping Service","Argo","Asbury Park Press","Burlington Times","Courier-Post","Mercer","Time Off","New Jersey Herald","Star-Ledger (Newark, N.J.)","Art Matters","Trenton Times","Viking","United States Highway 1","Princeton Packet","The Monroe Township View","Voice","Princeton Living","The Link","Lawrence Ledger","Light Work (Organization : Syracuse, N.Y.)","Merrimack Publishing Corp.","Decathlon Corporation","Paramount Pictures Corporation","Fischl and Hartman Photographs","Sepia Tones","Image Gallery","Community Gallery","Countee Cullen Library","International Center of Photography","Corcoran Gallery of Art","First Time Photo Gallery","George Washington University","Artists Space (Gallery)","Arts Council of Rockland","Rockland Community College (Suffern, N.Y.)","Memorial Hospital of Burlington County","Mariboe Gallery","Peddie School","Artworks","Princeton Art Association","Allan P. Kirby Arts Center Gallery","The Lawrenceville School","May Gallery","New York University. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences","Trenton Artists Workshop Association","Forum Notes","Empire State College","New York African American Institute","J. Sargeant Reynolds Community College","Creative Artists Public Service Program","Light Impressions Corporation","Fashion Institute of Technology (New York, N.Y.)","Fashion Institute of Technology (New York, N.Y.). Galleries","Catskill Center for Photography (Woodstock, N.Y.)","Photo Newsletter","James Van DerZee Institute","Obscura","Los Angeles Center For Photographic Studies","Ten.8","Crown Publishers, Inc.","Atlanta University","Aperture, Inc.","Black Photographers Annual","Madison Art Center","Columbia College (Chicago, Ill.)","En Foco, Inc.","Kenyon College","W.W. Norton and Company","Institute for Youth Entrepreneurship","Culturefront","Newsweek","New York (N.Y.). Department of Commerce and Industrial Development","Uniworld Group, Inc. (Bethesda, Md.)","Mingo, Jones, Guilmenot, Inc.","De-Lite Records","PolyGram Records, Inc.","David Deutsch Associates","Art Direction","College of New Rochelle","Hofstra University","National Urban League","Gallery 62","Césaire Photo Agency","Photo/Chronicles Ltd.","National Association for the Advancement of Colored People","Just Above Midtown Gallery","Kenkeleba Gallery (New York, N.Y.)","New Jersey State Museum","Gordon Parks Gallery","School of New Resources","Crawford and Sloan Gallery","International Black Photographers","Trenton City Museum","Ellarslie Mansion","Pavilion Galleries","TAWA Soviet Exchange Committee","Photographic Association of the USSR","Planeta Publishers","Sovart Inc.","Chuvash ASSR Photographic Art Society","Perm Scientific Methodological Center for Folk Art and Cultural and Educational Work","People's Photostudio of Perm","Reticulation","Chuvashskiĭ gosudarstvennyĭ universitet im. I.N. Ulʹi︠a︡nova","Mercer County Community College News","Bucks County Technical School (Bucks County, Pa.)","Mercer County Community College (N.J.). Student Activities Department","Mercer County Community College (N.J.). Student Government Association","St. Lawrence Rehabilitation Center. Lobby Gallery","Hopewell Valley News","Artifacts Gallery","Mercer County Library. Ewing Branch","Mercer County Community College (N.J.). East Windsor Municipal Building","Pennington Post","Queenstown Gallery","Hamilton Township Public Library","Messenger-Press","Town Topics","Chronicle","Mercer Messenger","Beacon","New Jersey. Department of Higher Education","Infinity","American Society of Magazine Photographers","Barksdale Gallery","American Academy of Arts and Letters","Audio Visual Product News","County College of Morris","UFA Gallery","Gallery of South Orange","Jubilee","William Morrow and Company","Black Creation","New York University. Institute of African-American Affairs","Avon Books.","Hearst Corporation","Frederick Douglass Creative Arts Center","Another View, Inc.","Langston Hughes Society","Brown University","Garland Publishing, Inc.","U.S. Lakeland Terrier Club","South Trenton Review","New Jersey Historical Commission","Transmondo","Sekonic","Hasselblad USA","Lindahl","Staticmaster","Draper, Louis H., 1935-2002","Faulkner, William, 1897-1962","Harris, Charles \"Teenie\", 1908-1998","Parker, Pat","Gloster, Dorothy","Williams, Henry A.","Draper, Hansel H.","Beach, George A. (George Anderson), 1902-1994","Massey, Cal, 1927-1972","Hughes, Langston, 1902-1967","Morgan, Margaret","Collins, Kathleen, 1942-1988","Gray, Ronald K.","Gloster, Brandon","Schulte, Roger","Hudson, Fred","Marcus","Szarkowski, John, 1925-2007","Bunnell, Peter C., 1937-","Caponigro, Paul, 1932-","Bat'ka, Bedřich, 1922-1994","Tangney, Ralph","Reno, Mike","Darkroom and creative camera techniques","Jilg, Mark","McNutt, Dennis","Beach, Donald","Felip, John","Carter, David","Moman-Bell, Patricia","Russo, Eleanor","Kolovakos, Gregory, 1951-1990","Holford, Mary","Moutoussamy-Ashe, Jeanne, 1951-","Olander, William, 1950-1989","Collins, Denise","Salewski, Randal","Horwitz, Alan","Levin, David","Remer, Lisa","West, Janice M.","Blackford, Eva","Holl-Madara, Lynn","Siskind, Carroll","Conklin, D. David","Chiego, William J., 1943-","Rotkin, Charles E., 1916-","Rosado, Maria","Price, Pamela","Steele, Diana","Fawcetter, Caroline","Young, John","Willis, Deborah, 1948-","Bey, Dawoud, 1953-","Pope, Sharon","Mathesius, Bill","Feinstein, Harold, 1931-2015","Schneeman, Liane","Williams, H. G.","Adams, Jeanne","Zakia, Richard D. (Richard Donald), 1925-2012","Henderson, Wanda","Naar, Harry I.","Wiley, Mary Helen","Collier, David E., 1929-2012","Kokotajlo, Stan","Troeller, Linda, 1949-","Fabbri, Anne R.","The Noyes Museum","Saretzky, Gary D.","Serbin, Glen","Deering, Bill","Cook, Sue","Simad, Teresa","Carty, Diane","Williams, Ann","The Morris Museum","Rand, Henry","Aparicio, Roxana","Earenfight, Phillip, 1962-","Russell, Lisa","Tolin, Ann","McCollough, Charles","Smith, Beuford, 1941-","Morris, Jennifer","Lehman, Arnold L.","Duganne, Erina","Bertoli, Barbara","Stephanini, Pat","Pavilion Gallery Sculpture Garden","Nini, Rose","Pearce, Jeannie","O'Boyle, Bob","Baum, Ralph","Vestal, David, 1924-2013","Petit, Philippe, 1949-","Norton, Eleanor Holmes, 1937-","Ms.","Rivera, Christine","Cagan, Steve","Doan-Johnson, Susan","McCoy, Regina","Viksjo, Cathy","Post, Kevin","Bledsoe, Lysbeth","Shipley, Barbara","Heisler, Wendy","Star-Ledger","Seidel, Mitchell","Carlson, Michele","Small, Michael C.","Mutterperl, Mindy","Crossman, Lorraine","Fone, Lisa","Addis, Amanda","Purcell, Janet","Monroe Township View","Orsi, Chris","Beres, Derek","Dube, Ilene","Kimbrough, Larry","Fischl and Hartman","General Motors Corporation. Chevrolet Motor Division","Madison, Clarence","Maddox, James","Noyes Museum","Lawrenceville School","Kismaric, Carole, 1942-2002","Palaszczuk, Mary Ellen","Fernandez, Isabelle","Kenyon, Kathleen","Weems, Carrie Mae, 1953-","Walker, Shawn, 1940-","Sullivan, George E. (George Edward), 1927-","Dutton Juvenile","Taha, Halima","Crown Publishers","DeCarava, Roy, 1919-2009","Mannas, James \"Jimmie\" M., 1941-","Rudolph, Sa","Francis, James \"Ray\"","Jackson, Miles M., Jr., 1929-","Mayer, Grace M.","Hoffman, Michael E. (Michael Eugene), 1942-2001","Porter, Allan, 1934-2022","Crawford, Joe","Liska, Jane","Cobb, Vandell","Romais, Miriam","Wilson, Calvin, 1924-","Fournier, Collette","Stewart, Frank, 1949-","Hinzmann, Hilary","Lawrence, Steve","Smith, Evelyn","Fennar, Albert, 1938-","Howard, Herman","Martin, Steve","Barboza, Anthony, 1944-","Barboza, Ken","Clarke, LeRoy, 1938-","Cowans, Adger W., 1936-","Preston, George Nelson, 1938-","Bearden, Romare, 1911-1988","Dix, Seldon","Littles, Dolores Allen","Dawson, C. Daniel","American Visions","Parks, Toni","Pinderhughes, John, 1946-","Randall, Herbert, 1936-","Robinson, Herb","Wilmer, Val (Valerie), 1941-","Photo/Chronicles","Smith, Morgan, 1910-1993","Smith, Marvin, 1910-2003","Smith, Ming, 1950-","Steichen, Edward, 1879-1973","Kenkeleba Gallery","Greene, Cheryll Y., 1943-2013","Sleet, Moneta, Jr., 1926-1996","Stewart, Charles (Chuck), 1927-2017","Wilkinson, Carlton","Kauffman, Aubrey","Leipzig, Melvin, 1935-","Baskakov, Andrew","Brodsky, Judith","Berezin, Valentin Solomonovich","Nesterova, Natalʹi︠a︡, 1944-","Chilnikov, Sergey","Mari ASSR Photographic Art Society","Suprun, Aleksandr","Dobrynkin, A.","Hanley, John P.","Bullock, Joanne B.","Corwin, Luene Holmes, 1937-","Dowd, Jennifer Ann","Mathias, John","Weiss, Celia","Bundy, Roy","Flynn, William J.","Hain, Josh","Rivera, Frank","White, Larry","Barksdale, William E., 1927-","Dietrich, Marilyn","Duncan, Noreen","Lobby Gallery","Hymans, Kay","Lamba, Marie","Stender, Barbara","Williams, Gray","New Jersey Department of Higher Education","Osborne, Linda","Caruso, Jennifer","Moran, Daniel Thomas","Bateson, Michael A.","Davis, Gail","Gray, Jeanne","Clyde","Smith, W. Eugene, 1918-1978","Von Hildebrand, Alice, 1923-2022","Von Hildebrand, Dietrich, 1889-1977","O'Daniel, Therman B. (Therman Benjamin), 1908-1986","Hathaway, Paul R.","Hamer, Fannie Lou, 1917-1977","Johnson, Thomas A., 1928-2008","Gillespie, Marcia","Reynolds, Barbara Ann","Jackson, Jacqueline, 1944-","Moore, Marjorie","Fouch, Barbara","James, Delores","McDougall, Joyce, 1926-2011","Lebovici, Serge, 1915-2000","Avon Books","Clark, Duvie","Ebert, Alan","Bryant, Joyce, 1927-2022","Bower, Sue","Kiley, Frederick S. (Frederick Spencer), 1922-2002","Wright, Giles R.","Allen, Jules, 1947-","Anderson, Julie","Chycota, Johanna","Anderson, Mary B.","Pendergrass, Teddy, 1950-2010","Paul, Billy, 1934-2016","Shinee, Ntozake","Ferman, Terry","Barboza, Leanette","Barboza, Linda Anderson","Barboza, Tim","Bass, George Houston, 1938-1990","Builder, Levy, 1942-","Fuller, Naimah","Bennett, Alan","Bickal, Janet","Blake, Nina","Blake, Eubie, 1887-1983","Bobo, Anne","Bogle, Donald, 1944-","McNatt, Rosemary Bray","Brenner, Glen","Brooks, Wenonah","Bulaj, Marek","Johnson, Barbara Piasecka, 1937-2013","Burton, Sandy","Callender, Arlene","Campbell, Diane","Carty, Delores","Ceglia, Vincent","Chambers, Paul, 1935-1969","Chapman, Glenn Edward","Chavez, Lynn","Chavez, Pete","Chavooshian, Marge","Colavita, James J., 1949-1996","Collins, Lucrentia","Cook, Molly","Simao, Teresa","Crawley, Hazel","Critchlow, Carol","Crotty, Mary","Cummings, Blondell, 1944-2015","Davis, Daryl","Davis, Judy","Davis, Miles, 1926-1991","De Veaux, Alexis, 1948-","Banks, Diane","Deveaux, Pam","Dixon, Mel","Douglas, Clara","Dunham, Katherine, 1909-2006","Esquila, Ramon","Evans, Scott","Fennar, Miya","Koho, Keiko","Fennar, Tad","Folmer, Daniella","Fontaine, Walter","Durniak, John","Galeano, Cheryl","Gibson, Pat","Goldman, Midge","Goodkin, Vera Herman","Guitar Shorty, 1939-2022","Flakes, Jacqueline Hamer, 1966-","Moore, Richard B. (Richard Benjamin), 1893-1978","Harper, Toy","Johnson, Hall, 1887-1970","Harper, Ves","Heck, Soskia","Henry, John","Heywood, Jeni","Hicks, Bernice S.","Hilton, Larry","Hunter, Clementine, 1886-1988","Anderson, Madeline","Iman, 1955-","Jackson, Jesse Louis, 1941-","Jessua, Alain, 1932-2017","Jones, Billy","Kim, Yung Ju","Konrad, Adolf Ferdinand, 1915-2004","Kucay, Susan","Landau, Jacob, 1917-2001","Lawrence, Jacob, 1917-2000","Lehman, Harold","Leipzig, Francesca","Leipzig, Joshua","Graves, Michael, 1934-2015","Lewis, Byron E., Sr., 1931-","Lindfors, Viveca, 1920-1995","Littwin, Michael","Livingston, Bud","Lowing, Donald","Malloy, Tom, 1912-2008","Marshall, Paula","McNichol, Terri","Medina, Pablo, 1948-","Merlino, Joseph","Merlino, Molly","Goldman, Irene","Miller, Robert","Miller, Tony","Michaux, Lewis H., 1885-1976","Novak, Josie","Palmer, Nancy","Pasolini, Pier Paolo, 1922-1975","Passer, Ivan, 1933-2020","Pastira, Sangeeta","Patterson, Latta","Freed, Arthur","Perkoff, Sarah","Ryan, Dave","Polar, Maria","Santiago, Nilsa","Pietroski, Susan","Portee, Natalie","Purdy, Janet, Dr.","Purdy, John","Rachlin, Margaret","Randall, Rosalind","Reaves, Gail","Reaves, Kenny","Reiner, Eric","Reynolds, Rene","Richardson, Al","Richardson, Beverly","Rodriguez, Cecilio","Rosskam, Louise, 1910-2003","Ruffner, Jim","Rutkowski, Catherine","Samad, Marianne","Sandler, Kathe","Sandler, Eve","Sandler, Joan","Santos, Delissa","Sartezky, Anya","Schulte, Judy","Puccio, Victor","Schulte, Lynn M.","Schwartz, Lise","Selwood, Maureen","Shahn, Bernarda Bryson, 1903-2004","Sherman, Terry","Simmons, Ron","Slater, Xandria","Smith, Catherine","Smith, Gregory","Lee-Smith, Hughie, 1915-1999","Smith, Kevin","Smith, Mingus","Standard, Michael","Taylor, John","Taylor, Susan, 1946-","Teneny, Ralph","Sommerville, Tom","Tooker, Holly","Torres, Jose","Van Der Zee, James, 1886-1983","Wallace, Douglas","Weiss, Jiří, 1913-2004","Welliver, Michael","White, Hazel","Wiggins, Ernie","Wilkerson, Lisa","Williams, Ace","Williams, Jim","Wood, Michelle","X., Malcolm, 1925-1965","Draper-Winston, Nell","Winston, Charles","Johnson, Beverly, 1952-","Davidhazy, Andrew","Baldwin, James, 1924-1987","Jackson, Maynard, 1938-2003","Jackson, Valerie Richardson, 1949-","Hamer, Perry","Cook, Susan","Palmer, Douglas, 1951-","Harrell, Hugh","Smith, Aileen","Jorrin, Mario","Calla, Henry","Angelou, Maya, 1928-2014","Maynard, Joan, 1921-1998","Cronkite, Walter, 1916-2009","Cavett, Dick, 1936-","Hurwitz, Leo T., 1909-1991","Chiarenza, Carl, 1935-","Cauthen, Steve, 1960-","Gunn, Bill, 1934-1989","Scott, Seret","Deleo, Fame P.","Toppin, Christopher","Deileo, Fame","Mick, Chianese","Peck, Mary S.","Boeing, Loran K.","Doter, ?","Dill, Timothy","Jaborski, Pierre","Libsohn, Sol, 1914-2001","Linder, Evan","Pope-Lance, Elton","Jean-Bart, Leslie","McBride, Will","Ryan, Joe","Long, Kadar","Malloy","Mike","Hashimoto","Sawyer, Frank","Reed, Eli, 1946-","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Louis H. Draper Artist Archives (VA-04), 1945/2005"],"collection_ssim":["Louis H. Draper Artist Archives (VA-04), 1945/2005"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["VA-04","/repositories/2/resources/37"],"unitid_tesim":["VA-04","/repositories/2/resources/37"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts"],"creator_ssm":["Draper, Louis H., 1935-2002","Louis H. Draper Preservation Trust","Kamoinge Inc.‏"],"creator_ssim":["Draper, Louis H., 1935-2002","Louis H. Draper Preservation Trust","Kamoinge Inc.‏"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Draper, Louis H., 1935-2002","Faulkner, William, 1897-1962","Harris, Charles \"Teenie\", 1908-1998","Parker, Pat","Gloster, Dorothy","Williams, Henry A.","Draper, Hansel H.","Shaw-Beach","Beach, George A. (George Anderson), 1902-1994","Massey, Cal, 1927-1972","Hughes, Langston, 1902-1967","Morgan, Margaret","Collins, Kathleen, 1942-1988","Gray, Ronald K.","Gloster, Brandon","Schulte, Roger","Hudson, Fred","Marcus","Szarkowski, John, 1925-2007","Bunnell, Peter C., 1937-","Caponigro, Paul, 1932-","Bat'ka, Bedřich, 1922-1994","Tangney, Ralph","Reno, Mike","Recording Institute of America","Darkroom and creative camera techniques","Jilg, Mark","McNutt, Dennis","Bucks County Community College","Beach, Donald","Felip, John","Edwal Scientific Products","Carter, David","Moman-Bell, Patricia","Russo, Eleanor","Hackensack Public Schools","Kolovakos, Gregory, 1951-1990","New York State Council on the Arts","Holford, Mary","Creative Resources Institute","Moutoussamy-Ashe, Jeanne, 1951-","Olander, William, 1950-1989","Collins, Denise","Salewski, Randal","Horwitz, Alan","Levin, David","Remer, Lisa","West, Janice M.","Blackford, Eva","Greater Bordentown Chamber of Commerce","Holl-Madara, Lynn","Siskind, Carroll","Conklin, D. David","Chiego, William J., 1943-","Rotkin, Charles E., 1916-","The Rotkin Review","Rosado, Maria","Price, Pamela","Steele, Diana","Princeton Photography Club","Fawcetter, Caroline","Young, John","John Young Audio-Visual Production","Willis, Deborah, 1948-","Bey, Dawoud, 1953-","Pope, Sharon","Mathesius, Bill","Feinstein, Harold, 1931-2015","Schneeman, Liane","Williams, H. G.","Adams, Jeanne","Zakia, Richard D. (Richard Donald), 1925-2012","Henderson, Wanda","Naar, Harry I.","Photo Workshop","Wiley, Mary Helen","Collier, David E., 1929-2012","Kokotajlo, Stan","Troeller, Linda, 1949-","Fabbri, Anne R.","The Noyes Museum","Saretzky, Gary D.","Serbin, Glen","Deering, Bill","Art Kane Photo Workshop","Cook, Sue","Simad, Teresa","Carty, Diane","Williams, Ann","The Morris Museum","Rand, Henry","Aparicio, Roxana","George Eastman House","Earenfight, Phillip, 1962-","Russell, Lisa","Tolin, Ann","McCollough, Charles","Charles McCollough Studio","Smith, Beuford, 1941-","Morris, Jennifer","Anacostia Museum and Center for African American History and Culture","Lehman, Arnold L.","Duganne, Erina","General Artists Agency","Bertoli, Barbara","Stephanini, Pat","Pavilion Gallery Sculpture Garden","Nini, Rose","Pearce, Jeannie","O'Boyle, Bob","Virginia Statesman","Like It Is","Photography Project of the President's Council on Youth Opportunity","Baum, Ralph","Industrial Photography","Inside Out","Vestal, David, 1924-2013","Associated Press","Petit, Philippe, 1949-","Photography Year","Norton, Eleanor Holmes, 1937-","Ms.","Rivera, Christine","Dialogue","Cagan, Steve","Doan-Johnson, Susan","Hightstown Gazette","McCoy, Regina","Press of Atlantic City","Weekend Beacon","Viksjo, Cathy","Argo","Post, Kevin","Asbury Park Press","Burlington Times","Bledsoe, Lysbeth","Courier-Post","Shipley, Barbara","Heisler, Wendy","New Jersey Herald","Star-Ledger","Seidel, Mitchell","Carlson, Michele","Small, Michael C.","Mutterperl, Mindy","Crossman, Lorraine","Fone, Lisa","Addis, Amanda","Purcell, Janet","Monroe Township View","Orsi, Chris","Princeton Living","Beres, Derek","Dube, Ilene","Merrimack Publishing Corp.","Kimbrough, Larry","Decathlon Corporation","Paramount Pictures Corporation","Fischl and Hartman","Sepia Tones","General Motors Corporation. 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(Therman Benjamin), 1908-1986","William Morrow and Company","Hathaway, Paul R.","Hamer, Fannie Lou, 1917-1977","Johnson, Thomas A., 1928-2008","Gillespie, Marcia","Reynolds, Barbara Ann","Jackson, Jacqueline, 1944-","Moore, Marjorie","Fouch, Barbara","James, Delores","McDougall, Joyce, 1926-2011","Lebovici, Serge, 1915-2000","Avon Books","Hearst Corporation","Clark, Duvie","Ebert, Alan","Bryant, Joyce, 1927-2022","Frederick Douglass Creative Arts Center","Another View, Inc.","Garland Publishing, Inc.","U.S. Lakeland Terrier Club","Bower, Sue","Kiley, Frederick S. (Frederick Spencer), 1922-2002","Wright, Giles R.","New Jersey Historical Commission","Allen, Jules, 1947-","Anderson, Julie","Chycota, Johanna","Anderson, Mary B.","Pendergrass, Teddy, 1950-2010","Paul, Billy, 1934-2016","Shinee, Ntozake","Ferman, Terry","Barboza, Leanette","Barboza, Linda Anderson","Barboza, Tim","Bass, George Houston, 1938-1990","Builder, Levy, 1942-","Fuller, Naimah","Bennett, Alan","Bickal, Janet","Blake, Nina","Blake, Eubie, 1887-1983","Bobo, Anne","Bogle, Donald, 1944-","McNatt, Rosemary Bray","Brenner, Glen","Brooks, Wenonah","Bulaj, Marek","Johnson, Barbara Piasecka, 1937-2013","Burton, Sandy","Callender, Arlene","Campbell, Diane","Carty, Delores","Ceglia, Vincent","Chambers, Paul, 1935-1969","Chapman, Glenn Edward","Chavez, Lynn","Chavez, Pete","Chavooshian, Marge","Colavita, James J., 1949-1996","Collins, Lucrentia","Cook, Molly","Simao, Teresa","Crawley, Hazel","Critchlow, Carol","Crotty, Mary","Cummings, Blondell, 1944-2015","Davis, Daryl","Davis, Judy","Davis, Miles, 1926-1991","De Veaux, Alexis, 1948-","Banks, Diane","Deveaux, Pam","Dixon, Mel","Douglas, Clara","Dunham, Katherine, 1909-2006","Esquila, Ramon","Evans, Scott","Fennar, Miya","Koho, Keiko","Fennar, Tad","Folmer, Daniella","Fontaine, Walter","Durniak, John","Galeano, Cheryl","Gibson, Pat","Goldman, Midge","Goodkin, Vera Herman","Guitar Shorty, 1939-2022","Flakes, Jacqueline Hamer, 1966-","Moore, Richard B. (Richard Benjamin), 1893-1978","Harper, Toy","Johnson, Hall, 1887-1970","Harper, Ves","Heck, Soskia","Henry, John","Heywood, Jeni","Hicks, Bernice S.","Hilton, Larry","Hunter, Clementine, 1886-1988","Anderson, Madeline","Iman, 1955-","Jackson, Jesse Louis, 1941-","Jessua, Alain, 1932-2017","Jones, Billy","Kim, Yung Ju","Konrad, Adolf Ferdinand, 1915-2004","Kucay, Susan","Landau, Jacob, 1917-2001","Lawrence, Jacob, 1917-2000","Lehman, Harold","Leipzig, Francesca","Leipzig, Joshua","Graves, Michael, 1934-2015","Lewis, Byron E., Sr., 1931-","Lindfors, Viveca, 1920-1995","Littwin, Michael","Livingston, Bud","Lowing, Donald","Malloy, Tom, 1912-2008","Marshall, Paula","McNichol, Terri","Medina, Pablo, 1948-","Merlino, Joseph","Merlino, Molly","Goldman, Irene","Miller, Robert","Miller, Tony","Michaux, Lewis H., 1885-1976","Novak, Josie","Palmer, Nancy","Pasolini, Pier Paolo, 1922-1975","Passer, Ivan, 1933-2020","Pastira, Sangeeta","Patterson, Latta","Freed, Arthur","Perkoff, Sarah","Ryan, Dave","Polar, Maria","Santiago, Nilsa","Pietroski, Susan","Portee, Natalie","Purdy, Janet, Dr.","Purdy, John","Rachlin, Margaret","Randall, Rosalind","Reaves, Gail","Reaves, Kenny","Reiner, Eric","Reynolds, Rene","Richardson, Al","Richardson, Beverly","Rodriguez, Cecilio","Rosskam, Louise, 1910-2003","Ruffner, Jim","Rutkowski, Catherine","Samad, Marianne","Sandler, Kathe","Sandler, Eve","Sandler, Joan","Santos, Delissa","Sartezky, Anya","Schulte, Judy","Puccio, Victor","Schulte, Lynn M.","Schwartz, Lise","Selwood, Maureen","Shahn, Bernarda Bryson, 1903-2004","Sherman, Terry","Simmons, Ron","Slater, Xandria","Smith, Catherine","Smith, Gregory","Lee-Smith, Hughie, 1915-1999","Smith, Kevin","Smith, Mingus","Standard, Michael","Taylor, John","Taylor, Susan, 1946-","Teneny, Ralph","Sommerville, Tom","Tooker, Holly","Torres, Jose","Van Der Zee, James, 1886-1983","Wallace, Douglas","Weiss, Jiří, 1913-2004","Welliver, Michael","White, Hazel","Wiggins, Ernie","Wilkerson, Lisa","Williams, Ace","Williams, Jim","Wood, Michelle","X., Malcolm, 1925-1965","Draper-Winston, Nell","Winston, Charles","Johnson, Beverly, 1952-","Davidhazy, Andrew","Baldwin, James, 1924-1987","Jackson, Maynard, 1938-2003","Jackson, Valerie Richardson, 1949-","Hamer, Perry","Cook, Susan","Palmer, Douglas, 1951-","Harrell, Hugh","Smith, Aileen","Jorrin, Mario","Calla, Henry","Angelou, Maya, 1928-2014","Maynard, Joan, 1921-1998","Cronkite, Walter, 1916-2009","Cavett, Dick, 1936-","Hurwitz, Leo T., 1909-1991","Chiarenza, Carl, 1935-","Cauthen, Steve, 1960-","Gunn, Bill, 1934-1989","Scott, Seret","Deleo, Fame P.","Toppin, Christopher","Deileo, Fame","Mick, Chianese","Peck, Mary S.","Boeing, Loran K.","Doter, ?","Dill, Timothy","Jaborski, Pierre","Libsohn, Sol, 1914-2001","Linder, Evan","Pope-Lance, Elton","Jean-Bart, Leslie","McBride, Will","Ryan, Joe","Long, Kadar","Malloy","Mike","Hashimoto","Sawyer, Frank","Reed, Eli, 1946-","Virginia Museum of Fine Arts Archives","Louis H. Draper Preservation Trust","Kamoinge Inc.‏","Random House (Firm). Penguin Books, Inc.","United States Civil Service Commission","Junior Courier","Bedford-Stuyvesant Youth in Action","Honeywell Information Systems, Inc.","American Telephone and Telegraph Company","Nikon, Inc.","New Bridge Baptist Church","American Negro Commemorative Society","Shaw-Beach","New York Foundation for the Arts","Pratt Institute. Art School","U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission","Urban Bikeway Design Collaborative","Museum of Modern Art (New York, N.Y.)","Free Library of Philadelphia","New Jersey State Teen Arts Program","Brooklyn Museum of Art","Riverside Church Weekday School","Mercer County Community College (N.J.)","Gallery Henoch","Rochester Institute of Technology","Virginia State College","New York University. Institute of Graduate Film and Television","Temple University","Thomas Edison State College","Eastman Kodak Company","Recording Institute of America","Indiana University. Independent Study Division","Preston Publications","Bucks County Community College","Edwal Scientific Products","Studio Museum in Harlem","Hackensack Public Schools","New York State Council on the Arts","Creative Resources Institute","Allen Memorial Art Museum","Trenton Writers Guild","Greater Bordentown Chamber of Commerce","The Rotkin Review","Princeton Photography Club","John Young Audio-Visual Production","Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture","St. Lawrence Rehabilitation Center","Mercer County (N.J.)","Stockton State College","Ansel Adams Gallery (Yosemite National Park, Calif.)","Rider College Art Gallery","Photo Workshop","Mercer Medical Center","Noyes Museum of Art","Photographers Forum","Art Kane Photo Workshop","Morris Museum","Essence","New York University. American Photography Institute","George Eastman House","Art in the Atrium","Johnson and Johnson","Bristol-Myers Squibb Company","Webster University","Charles McCollough Studio","Anacostia Museum and Center for African American History and Culture","University of Texas at Austin‏","General Artists Agency","Pavilion Gallery. Sculpture Garden","Virginia Statesman","Camera (Lucerne, Switzerland)","The Arrow","Like It Is","Photography Project of the President's Council on Youth Opportunity","Industrial Photography","Inside Out","New York Times company","Popular Photography","The Honeywell World","New York post","Associated Press","Photography Year","Black enterprise","College Voice","Dialogue","Trentonian","Trenton Sunday Times. The Magazine","Round-up","Trenton Sunday Times","Hightstown Gazette","Whoot","Garden State Press Clipping Bureau","Press of Atlantic City","Weekend Beacon","New Jersey Clipping Service","Argo","Asbury Park Press","Burlington Times","Courier-Post","Mercer","Time Off","New Jersey Herald","Star-Ledger (Newark, N.J.)","Art Matters","Trenton Times","Viking","United States Highway 1","Princeton Packet","The Monroe Township View","Voice","Princeton Living","The Link","Lawrence Ledger","Light Work (Organization : Syracuse, N.Y.)","Merrimack Publishing Corp.","Decathlon Corporation","Paramount Pictures Corporation","Fischl and Hartman Photographs","Sepia Tones","Image Gallery","Community Gallery","Countee Cullen Library","International Center of Photography","Corcoran Gallery of Art","First Time Photo Gallery","George Washington University","Artists Space (Gallery)","Arts Council of Rockland","Rockland Community College (Suffern, N.Y.)","Memorial Hospital of Burlington County","Mariboe Gallery","Peddie School","Artworks","Princeton Art Association","Allan P. Kirby Arts Center Gallery","The Lawrenceville School","May Gallery","New York University. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences","Trenton Artists Workshop Association","Forum Notes","Empire State College","New York African American Institute","J. Sargeant Reynolds Community College","Creative Artists Public Service Program","Light Impressions Corporation","Fashion Institute of Technology (New York, N.Y.)","Fashion Institute of Technology (New York, N.Y.). Galleries","Catskill Center for Photography (Woodstock, N.Y.)","Photo Newsletter","James Van DerZee Institute","Obscura","Los Angeles Center For Photographic Studies","Ten.8","Crown Publishers, Inc.","Atlanta University","Aperture, Inc.","Black Photographers Annual","Madison Art Center","Columbia College (Chicago, Ill.)","En Foco, Inc.","Kenyon College","W.W. Norton and Company","Institute for Youth Entrepreneurship","Culturefront","Newsweek","New York (N.Y.). Department of Commerce and Industrial Development","Uniworld Group, Inc. (Bethesda, Md.)","Mingo, Jones, Guilmenot, Inc.","De-Lite Records","PolyGram Records, Inc.","David Deutsch Associates","Art Direction","College of New Rochelle","Hofstra University","National Urban League","Gallery 62","Césaire Photo Agency","Photo/Chronicles Ltd.","National Association for the Advancement of Colored People","Just Above Midtown Gallery","Kenkeleba Gallery (New York, N.Y.)","New Jersey State Museum","Gordon Parks Gallery","School of New Resources","Crawford and Sloan Gallery","International Black Photographers","Trenton City Museum","Ellarslie Mansion","Pavilion Galleries","TAWA Soviet Exchange Committee","Photographic Association of the USSR","Planeta Publishers","Sovart Inc.","Chuvash ASSR Photographic Art Society","Perm Scientific Methodological Center for Folk Art and Cultural and Educational Work","People's Photostudio of Perm","Reticulation","Chuvashskiĭ gosudarstvennyĭ universitet im. I.N. Ulʹi︠a︡nova","Mercer County Community College News","Bucks County Technical School (Bucks County, Pa.)","Mercer County Community College (N.J.). Student Activities Department","Mercer County Community College (N.J.). Student Government Association","St. Lawrence Rehabilitation Center. Lobby Gallery","Hopewell Valley News","Artifacts Gallery","Mercer County Library. Ewing Branch","Mercer County Community College (N.J.). East Windsor Municipal Building","Pennington Post","Queenstown Gallery","Hamilton Township Public Library","Messenger-Press","Town Topics","Chronicle","Mercer Messenger","Beacon","New Jersey. Department of Higher Education","Infinity","American Society of Magazine Photographers","Barksdale Gallery","American Academy of Arts and Letters","Audio Visual Product News","County College of Morris","UFA Gallery","Gallery of South Orange","Jubilee","William Morrow and Company","Black Creation","New York University. Institute of African-American Affairs","Avon Books.","Hearst Corporation","Frederick Douglass Creative Arts Center","Another View, Inc.","Langston Hughes Society","Brown University","Garland Publishing, Inc.","U.S. Lakeland Terrier Club","South Trenton Review","New Jersey Historical Commission","Transmondo","Sekonic","Hasselblad USA","Lindahl","Staticmaster"],"access_terms_ssm":["The collection is subject to all copyright laws. VMFA has been granted a non-exclusive license to reproduce the collection only for their educational and publicity purposes by the Louis H. Draper Preservation Trust. Other digitized content is licensed for use under a Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial 4.0 International License.","Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by copyright, beyond that allowed by fair use, requires the researcher to obtain permission of copyright holders."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Photography, Artistic","Photography, Artistic -- Exhibitions","Photography--History--20th century","Photography--History--21st century","Photographers -- Virginia","Photography--Study and teaching"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Photography, Artistic","Photography, Artistic -- Exhibitions","Photography--History--20th century","Photography--History--21st century","Photographers -- Virginia","Photography--Study and teaching"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["37.5 Linear Feet 170 boxes; 6,605 items"],"extent_tesim":["37.5 Linear Feet 170 boxes; 6,605 items"],"date_range_isim":[1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research. Digitization of the collection has been made possible by the National Endowment for the Humanities. The digital collection can be accessed through the \u003ca href=\"https://www.vmfa.museum/collections/search-archives/louis-h-draper-archive-portal/\"\u003eVMFA Collections Search website\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA limited number of files are restricted. Access to restricted materials may require written permission of the donor and/or the VMFA Director.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research. Digitization of the collection has been made possible by the National Endowment for the Humanities. The digital collection can be accessed through the VMFA Collections Search website.","A limited number of files are restricted. Access to restricted materials may require written permission of the donor and/or the VMFA Director."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is organized into eleven series. Arrangement within each series varies based upon the material. In general, the manuscript materials are arranged chronologically (where possible), and the photographic material is arranged thematically, often by geographic location. The only series that is arranged alphabetically is Series 3.1: Identified Subjects.\"\u003c/p\u003e    ","\u003clist type=\"deflist\"\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 1\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eManuscripts, 1947-2005, undated\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 2\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003ePublications, 1959-2005, undated\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 3\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003ePhotography: Portraits, 1958-2001, undated\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 4\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003ePhotography: United States Locations, 1957-1999, undated\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 5\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003ePhotography: International Locations, 1978-1990, undated\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 6\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003ePhotography: Landscapes and Abstractions, 1960-2000, undated\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 7\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003ePortfolios, 1964, undated\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 8\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003ePhotographic Equipment, 1945-1988, undated\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 9\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eAudiovisual Materials, 1972-2000, undated\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 10\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eBorn Digital Files, 1996-2001, undated\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 11\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003ePhotographs by Others, 1946-1998, undated\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is organized into eleven series. Arrangement within each series varies based upon the material. In general, the manuscript materials are arranged chronologically (where possible), and the photographic material is arranged thematically, often by geographic location. The only series that is arranged alphabetically is Series 3.1: Identified Subjects.\"","Series 1\n        Manuscripts, 1947-2005, undated\n      \n      \n        Series 2\n        Publications, 1959-2005, undated\n      \n      \n        Series 3\n        Photography: Portraits, 1958-2001, undated\n      \n      \n        Series 4\n        Photography: United States Locations, 1957-1999, undated\n      \n      \n        Series 5\n        Photography: International Locations, 1978-1990, undated\n      \n      \n        Series 6\n        Photography: Landscapes and Abstractions, 1960-2000, undated\n      \n      \n        Series 7\n        Portfolios, 1964, undated\n      \n      \n        Series 8\n        Photographic Equipment, 1945-1988, undated\n      \n      \n        Series 9\n        Audiovisual Materials, 1972-2000, undated\n      \n      \n        Series 10\n        Born Digital Files, 1996-2001, undated\n      \n      \n        Series 11\n        Photographs by Others, 1946-1998, undated"],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cbibref\u003eWorking Together: Louis Draper and the Kamoinge Workshop, 2020\u003c/bibref\u003e\n    ","\u003cbibref\u003eGrowing up in Civil Rights Richmond: A Community Remembers, 2019\u003c/bibref\u003e\n    ","\u003cbibref\u003eLouis H. Draper: Selected Photographs, 2015\u003c/bibref\u003e\n    ","\u003cbibref\u003eTimeless, 2015\u003c/bibref\u003e\n    ","\u003cbibref\u003eThe Sweet Breath of Life: A Poetic Narrative of the African-American Family, 2004\u003c/bibref\u003e\n  ","\u003cbibref\u003eVirginia Artist File: Louis Draper\u003c/bibref\u003e\n    ","\u003cbibref\u003eInternational Artist File: Kamoinge\u003c/bibref\u003e\n  "],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Related Materials - VMFA Library: Books","Related Materials - VMFA Library: Artist Files"],"bibliography_tesim":["Working Together: Louis Draper and the Kamoinge Workshop, 2020","Growing up in Civil Rights Richmond: A Community Remembers, 2019","Louis H. Draper: Selected Photographs, 2015","Timeless, 2015","The Sweet Breath of Life: A Poetic Narrative of the African-American Family, 2004","Virginia Artist File: Louis Draper","International Artist File: Kamoinge"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLouis Hansel Draper\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBorn: September 24, 1935, Richmond, VA\nDied: February 18, 2002, Trenton, NJ\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWhile a student at Virginia State College (now University) Lou Draper wrote to his father, Hansel, with the news that he had joined the school newspaper. His father—an amateur photographer in Richmond's East End—gave Draper his first camera. After joining the college camera club, he dropped a bottle of acid while trying to develop his film. As a result of trying to mop it up, he was hospitalized and subsequently kicked out of the club. Despite this initial setback, Draper resolved to be a photographer after seeing the exhibition catalogue for The Family of Man (1955). Realizing that the work he admired was made by photographers in New York, Draper left Virginia State during his final semester and, with the support of his family, moved to New York City.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThroughout the late 1950s Draper worked as a medical clerk while studying at the New York Institute of Photography. He dropped out realizing he could learn the same information through magazines like Modern Photography. In 1958 Draper enrolled in a photography workshop led by Harold Feinstein, where he met professional photographers like David Vestal and Herb Randall. Draper also worked as an assistant to studio photographers Larence Shustak and John Rawlings.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1959 Draper exhibited two works in the Photography at Mid-Century exhibition curated by Beaumont Newhall at the George Eastman House (now Museum). He also exhibited his work in Greenwich Village galleries, including the Image Gallery run by Larry Siegel.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDraper enrolled in workshops at the New School for Social Research, including W. Eugene Smith's course \"Photography Made Difficult: Photojournalism, the Construction of Picture Stories and Picture Essays\" and began working with the prolific magazine photographer around 1960. In addition to assisting in the darkroom, Draper was a teaching aide for \"Photography Made More Difficult\" hosted at Smith's Flower-District loft.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1963 Draper turned his attention to the Kamoinge Workshop and quickly emerged as one of the group's teachers. Draper contributed to major workshop projects in the early to mid-1960s beginning with Portfolio No. 1 through the \"Harlem\" photo-essay in the July 1966 issue of Camera magazine, which featured his photograph John Henry on the cover. Portfolio No. 2 and the photoessay included Draper's poem \"Colonial Legacy.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn the late 1960s Draper taught photography courses while taking classes in film production. Between 1966 and 1968 Draper worked with Randall, Ray Francis, and Jimmie Mannas at the Youth in Action program in Bedford-Stuyvesant, teaching photography to teenagers and young adults. He also participated in the Channel 13 Black Journal Workshop where he concentrated on learning motion picture production. In 1968 he enrolled in the graduate program at the New York University Institute of Film and Television along with future Kamoinge member Danny Dawson. Draper gained professional film experience by working for Mannas's Jymie Productions and assisted Mannas with two short documentaries, Head and Heart and The Folks. He was also a cameraman for commercial and independent projects led by NYU professors like cinematographer Bedrich (Beda) Batka and worked on a number of productions as a still photographer. In 1982 he was a script supervisor and photographer for the feature-length film Losing Ground.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1967 he began teaching a class in photographic techniques at Central Brooklyn Neighborhood College, which was supported by the Pratt Institute Center for Community Improvement. He left the program in 1969 but returned to Pratt in 1974 to teach a college-level photography course for design students. Draper joined the staff of the Multi-Media Project at Intermediate School 201 in the Bronx in 1971 where Herb Randall, Calvin Wilson, and Ray Francis also served as photographers and teachers. He also worked with the Photography for Rehabilitation program at the New York State Division for Youth in 1974.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1971 the director of the Studio Museum in Harlem, Edward Spriggs, called a meeting of photographers to address how they could use photography to support the neighborhood. Draper and Beuford Smith were among the founding members of a group named the Collective Black Photographers. During Draper's tenure as chairman of the group they organized a fundraisers and community photography projects. Draper also served on the Studio Museum's Photography Committee.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEssence sent Draper to Ruleville, Mississippi, to photograph civil rights activist Fannie Lou Hamer and the Freedom Farm Cooperative. These photographs were part of the feature story \"Fannie Lou Hamer Speaks Out\" in the magazine's October 1971 issue. The next month, Essence published Draper's portraits of the some of the mothers of the \"Harlem Six,\" a group of young Black men who were wrongly accused of murder in New York City in 1964.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1973 Draper won a Creative Artists Public Service (CAPS) program grant \"to create a set of film-strips about Ruleville, Mississippi . . . for use in New York City public schools and for public presentation.\" CAPS award panels included leading photographers such as Harry Callahan, and not only provided funding for artists but also enriched the creative community. In 1976 the CAPS publication Exposure: Work by Ten Photographers included work by Draper and Anthony Barboza. From 1974 to 1975 Draper served as coordinator of photography for the CAPS program and was an award panelist in 1982.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInterspersed with his teaching assignments, Draper explored other artistic media and forms. In addition to taking screenwriting classes at NYU, he attended workshops at the Frederick Douglass Creative Arts Center in 1982, studying screenwriting with Fred Hudson and Elihu Weiner and videotape production with Vernard Gantt. Building on his experiences with W. Eugene Smith, Draper studied page design at the C. Richard Read Studio. On occasion, he worked as a studio assistant to Herb Robinson and Barboza. He was also a cofounder of Northlight Studios, which operated from 1975 to 1985.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrom 1978 to 1982 Draper taught and coordinated photography courses for schools in New Jersey, through the Creative Resources Institute. Afterward, he began teaching photography for Mercer County Community College in Trenton. Draper finally received his bachelor of arts degree from Thomas A. Edison State College in 1987. He participated in organizations like the Trenton Artists Workshop Association (TAWA) and was an artist in residence at Light Work in Syracuse, New York, where he printed his series New Jersey Artists, which included portraits of painters Hughie Lee-Smith and Bernarda Bryson Shahn, among others.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDraper taught at Mercer until his death in 2002.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eThe biography above, written by Sharayah Cochran, has been reproduced from the catalog \"Working Together: Louis Draper and the Kamoinge Workshop.\"\u003c/i\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Louis Hansel Draper","Born: September 24, 1935, Richmond, VA\nDied: February 18, 2002, Trenton, NJ","While a student at Virginia State College (now University) Lou Draper wrote to his father, Hansel, with the news that he had joined the school newspaper. His father—an amateur photographer in Richmond's East End—gave Draper his first camera. After joining the college camera club, he dropped a bottle of acid while trying to develop his film. As a result of trying to mop it up, he was hospitalized and subsequently kicked out of the club. Despite this initial setback, Draper resolved to be a photographer after seeing the exhibition catalogue for The Family of Man (1955). Realizing that the work he admired was made by photographers in New York, Draper left Virginia State during his final semester and, with the support of his family, moved to New York City.","Throughout the late 1950s Draper worked as a medical clerk while studying at the New York Institute of Photography. He dropped out realizing he could learn the same information through magazines like Modern Photography. In 1958 Draper enrolled in a photography workshop led by Harold Feinstein, where he met professional photographers like David Vestal and Herb Randall. Draper also worked as an assistant to studio photographers Larence Shustak and John Rawlings.","In 1959 Draper exhibited two works in the Photography at Mid-Century exhibition curated by Beaumont Newhall at the George Eastman House (now Museum). He also exhibited his work in Greenwich Village galleries, including the Image Gallery run by Larry Siegel.","Draper enrolled in workshops at the New School for Social Research, including W. Eugene Smith's course \"Photography Made Difficult: Photojournalism, the Construction of Picture Stories and Picture Essays\" and began working with the prolific magazine photographer around 1960. In addition to assisting in the darkroom, Draper was a teaching aide for \"Photography Made More Difficult\" hosted at Smith's Flower-District loft.","In 1963 Draper turned his attention to the Kamoinge Workshop and quickly emerged as one of the group's teachers. Draper contributed to major workshop projects in the early to mid-1960s beginning with Portfolio No. 1 through the \"Harlem\" photo-essay in the July 1966 issue of Camera magazine, which featured his photograph John Henry on the cover. Portfolio No. 2 and the photoessay included Draper's poem \"Colonial Legacy.\"","In the late 1960s Draper taught photography courses while taking classes in film production. Between 1966 and 1968 Draper worked with Randall, Ray Francis, and Jimmie Mannas at the Youth in Action program in Bedford-Stuyvesant, teaching photography to teenagers and young adults. He also participated in the Channel 13 Black Journal Workshop where he concentrated on learning motion picture production. In 1968 he enrolled in the graduate program at the New York University Institute of Film and Television along with future Kamoinge member Danny Dawson. Draper gained professional film experience by working for Mannas's Jymie Productions and assisted Mannas with two short documentaries, Head and Heart and The Folks. He was also a cameraman for commercial and independent projects led by NYU professors like cinematographer Bedrich (Beda) Batka and worked on a number of productions as a still photographer. In 1982 he was a script supervisor and photographer for the feature-length film Losing Ground.","In 1967 he began teaching a class in photographic techniques at Central Brooklyn Neighborhood College, which was supported by the Pratt Institute Center for Community Improvement. He left the program in 1969 but returned to Pratt in 1974 to teach a college-level photography course for design students. Draper joined the staff of the Multi-Media Project at Intermediate School 201 in the Bronx in 1971 where Herb Randall, Calvin Wilson, and Ray Francis also served as photographers and teachers. He also worked with the Photography for Rehabilitation program at the New York State Division for Youth in 1974.","In 1971 the director of the Studio Museum in Harlem, Edward Spriggs, called a meeting of photographers to address how they could use photography to support the neighborhood. Draper and Beuford Smith were among the founding members of a group named the Collective Black Photographers. During Draper's tenure as chairman of the group they organized a fundraisers and community photography projects. Draper also served on the Studio Museum's Photography Committee.","Essence sent Draper to Ruleville, Mississippi, to photograph civil rights activist Fannie Lou Hamer and the Freedom Farm Cooperative. These photographs were part of the feature story \"Fannie Lou Hamer Speaks Out\" in the magazine's October 1971 issue. The next month, Essence published Draper's portraits of the some of the mothers of the \"Harlem Six,\" a group of young Black men who were wrongly accused of murder in New York City in 1964.","In 1973 Draper won a Creative Artists Public Service (CAPS) program grant \"to create a set of film-strips about Ruleville, Mississippi . . . for use in New York City public schools and for public presentation.\" CAPS award panels included leading photographers such as Harry Callahan, and not only provided funding for artists but also enriched the creative community. In 1976 the CAPS publication Exposure: Work by Ten Photographers included work by Draper and Anthony Barboza. From 1974 to 1975 Draper served as coordinator of photography for the CAPS program and was an award panelist in 1982.","Interspersed with his teaching assignments, Draper explored other artistic media and forms. In addition to taking screenwriting classes at NYU, he attended workshops at the Frederick Douglass Creative Arts Center in 1982, studying screenwriting with Fred Hudson and Elihu Weiner and videotape production with Vernard Gantt. Building on his experiences with W. Eugene Smith, Draper studied page design at the C. Richard Read Studio. On occasion, he worked as a studio assistant to Herb Robinson and Barboza. He was also a cofounder of Northlight Studios, which operated from 1975 to 1985.","From 1978 to 1982 Draper taught and coordinated photography courses for schools in New Jersey, through the Creative Resources Institute. Afterward, he began teaching photography for Mercer County Community College in Trenton. Draper finally received his bachelor of arts degree from Thomas A. Edison State College in 1987. He participated in organizations like the Trenton Artists Workshop Association (TAWA) and was an artist in residence at Light Work in Syracuse, New York, where he printed his series New Jersey Artists, which included portraits of painters Hughie Lee-Smith and Bernarda Bryson Shahn, among others.","Draper taught at Mercer until his death in 2002.","The biography above, written by Sharayah Cochran, has been reproduced from the catalog \"Working Together: Louis Draper and the Kamoinge Workshop.\""],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLouis Draper's sister, Nell Draper-Winston, inherited his estate upon his death in 2002. The collection remained at Mercer Community College in Trenton, New Jersey while Gary Saretzky (Draper's friend and colleague, as well as an Archivist for the Monmouth County Archives) organized it from 2002-2006. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSaretzky created a detailed finding aid for the photographs and archives before transferring them (on Draper-Winston's behalf) to the Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library at the University of Virginia in Charlottesville, Virginia. The collection arrived at the University of Virginia on December 26, 2006, and left in November 2012 to come to Candela Books and Photographs in Richmond, Virginia (\u003ci\u003eemail to Courtney Tkacz from Heather Riser, Head of Operations, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, July 1, 2019\u003c/i\u003e). \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAt that time, Candela represented the Louis H. Draper Preservation Trust and housed the collection until it was acquired by the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts in December 2015 as part of a gift-purchase of the archive and 35 photographs for the museum's art collection. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn February 2008, Don Lowing, a darkroom technician at Mercer County Community College located other materials including cameras, disks, and photographic materials (mainly negatives). These additional materials were inventoried by Saretzky and sent to the University of Virginia to be integrated into the rest of the collection (\u003ci\u003eemail to Courtney Tkacz from Gary Saretzky, June 28, 2019\u003c/i\u003e). \u003c/p\u003e  "],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Custodial History"],"custodhist_tesim":["Louis Draper's sister, Nell Draper-Winston, inherited his estate upon his death in 2002. The collection remained at Mercer Community College in Trenton, New Jersey while Gary Saretzky (Draper's friend and colleague, as well as an Archivist for the Monmouth County Archives) organized it from 2002-2006.","Saretzky created a detailed finding aid for the photographs and archives before transferring them (on Draper-Winston's behalf) to the Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library at the University of Virginia in Charlottesville, Virginia. The collection arrived at the University of Virginia on December 26, 2006, and left in November 2012 to come to Candela Books and Photographs in Richmond, Virginia (email to Courtney Tkacz from Heather Riser, Head of Operations, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, July 1, 2019).","At that time, Candela represented the Louis H. Draper Preservation Trust and housed the collection until it was acquired by the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts in December 2015 as part of a gift-purchase of the archive and 35 photographs for the museum's art collection.","In February 2008, Don Lowing, a darkroom technician at Mercer County Community College located other materials including cameras, disks, and photographic materials (mainly negatives). These additional materials were inventoried by Saretzky and sent to the University of Virginia to be integrated into the rest of the collection (email to Courtney Tkacz from Gary Saretzky, June 28, 2019)."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLouis H. Draper Artist Archives (VA-04). Acquired from the Louis H. Draper Preservation Trust with the Arthur and Margaret Glasgow Endowment Fund. VMFA Archives, Richmond, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Louis H. Draper Artist Archives (VA-04). Acquired from the Louis H. Draper Preservation Trust with the Arthur and Margaret Glasgow Endowment Fund. VMFA Archives, Richmond, Virginia."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn 2017, the museum was awarded a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities to fund 29 months of work that transformed this extremely large, physical archive into a rich digital resource. An interdepartmental grant team was assembled from across the museum, including staff members of the Library/Archives, Imaging Resources, Curatorial, and Conservation departments.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWhile the physical archive had been well organized previously, the digitization process allowed the team to rethink the intellectual arrangement and determine an ideal numbering scheme for a photography archive. The result was a system designed around the organizing principle of the photoshoot itself, and now all related contact sheets, prints, slides, and negatives are described together.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProcessing and description of the manuscript materials was performed by Courtney Yevich Tkacz from 2016-2017, and processing and description of the photographic material was performed by Margo Lentz-Meyer from 2017-2019. All materials were digitized in their original sleeves, then rehoused, but all sleeves with Draper's handwriting were retained.    \u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["In 2017, the museum was awarded a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities to fund 29 months of work that transformed this extremely large, physical archive into a rich digital resource. An interdepartmental grant team was assembled from across the museum, including staff members of the Library/Archives, Imaging Resources, Curatorial, and Conservation departments.","While the physical archive had been well organized previously, the digitization process allowed the team to rethink the intellectual arrangement and determine an ideal numbering scheme for a photography archive. The result was a system designed around the organizing principle of the photoshoot itself, and now all related contact sheets, prints, slides, and negatives are described together.","Processing and description of the manuscript materials was performed by Courtney Yevich Tkacz from 2016-2017, and processing and description of the photographic material was performed by Margo Lentz-Meyer from 2017-2019. All materials were digitized in their original sleeves, then rehoused, but all sleeves with Draper's handwriting were retained."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection's inclusive dates are 1945-2005, with the bulk of the material dating from the 1960s-1990s. The collection is comprised of correspondence, ephemera, publications, negatives, contact sheets, slides, prints, and photographic equipment.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection's inclusive dates are 1945-2005, with the bulk of the material dating from the 1960s-1990s. The collection is comprised of correspondence, ephemera, publications, negatives, contact sheets, slides, prints, and photographic equipment."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is subject to all copyright laws. VMFA has been granted a non-exclusive license to reproduce the collection only for their educational and publicity purposes by the Louis H. Draper Preservation Trust. Other digitized content is licensed for use under a \u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/\"\u003eCreative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial 4.0 International License\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTransmission or reproduction of materials protected by copyright, beyond that allowed by fair use, requires the researcher to obtain permission of copyright holders. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The collection is subject to all copyright laws. VMFA has been granted a non-exclusive license to reproduce the collection only for their educational and publicity purposes by the Louis H. Draper Preservation Trust. Other digitized content is licensed for use under a Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial 4.0 International License.","Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by copyright, beyond that allowed by fair use, requires the researcher to obtain permission of copyright holders."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_80d4d02edaa46a99725ed524cbb90700\"\u003eThe extensive collection documents the life and work of Richmond-born photographer and educator Louis Draper (1935–2002). Manuscript and photographic materials document Draper's experience and work as an African American photographer, including his recognition of his photography as a form of \"engaged resistance\" that not only bore witness to leaders of the civil rights movement, but also offered a richer and more diverse perspective of African American life than provided by the mainstream media. \n\nIn 1963, he was a founding member of the Kamoinge Workshop, a collective of African American photographers, and the collection includes significant materials from the early years of the Kamoinge Workshop and document his perspective on the professional challenges that he and the collective confronted in the process of finding publications that would publish photographs of African Americans made by African Americans. \n\nHis photographs of significant 20th-century artists, writers, musicians, and performers reflect the wide array of personal connections that Draper made after moving to New York from Richmond, Virginia in 1957. Printed photographs and contact sheets in Draper's archive show a broad view of city life and the everyday interactions between people and also offer a unique vision of African American neighborhoods in the 1960s and 1970s.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The extensive collection documents the life and work of Richmond-born photographer and educator Louis Draper (1935–2002). Manuscript and photographic materials document Draper's experience and work as an African American photographer, including his recognition of his photography as a form of \"engaged resistance\" that not only bore witness to leaders of the civil rights movement, but also offered a richer and more diverse perspective of African American life than provided by the mainstream media. \n\nIn 1963, he was a founding member of the Kamoinge Workshop, a collective of African American photographers, and the collection includes significant materials from the early years of the Kamoinge Workshop and document his perspective on the professional challenges that he and the collective confronted in the process of finding publications that would publish photographs of African Americans made by African Americans. \n\nHis photographs of significant 20th-century artists, writers, musicians, and performers reflect the wide array of personal connections that Draper made after moving to New York from Richmond, Virginia in 1957. Printed photographs and contact sheets in Draper's archive show a broad view of city life and the everyday interactions between people and also offer a unique vision of African American neighborhoods in the 1960s and 1970s."],"corpname_ssim":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts Archives","Louis H. Draper Preservation Trust","Kamoinge Inc.‏","Random House (Firm). Penguin Books, Inc.","United States Civil Service Commission","Junior Courier","Bedford-Stuyvesant Youth in Action","Honeywell Information Systems, Inc.","American Telephone and Telegraph Company","Nikon, Inc.","New Bridge Baptist Church","American Negro Commemorative Society","Shaw-Beach","New York Foundation for the Arts","Pratt Institute. Art School","U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission","Urban Bikeway Design Collaborative","Museum of Modern Art (New York, N.Y.)","Free Library of Philadelphia","New Jersey State Teen Arts Program","Brooklyn Museum of Art","Riverside Church Weekday School","Mercer County Community College (N.J.)","Gallery Henoch","Rochester Institute of Technology","Virginia State College","New York University. Institute of Graduate Film and Television","Temple University","Thomas Edison State College","Eastman Kodak Company","Recording Institute of America","Indiana University. Independent Study Division","Preston Publications","Bucks County Community College","Edwal Scientific Products","Studio Museum in Harlem","Hackensack Public Schools","New York State Council on the Arts","Creative Resources Institute","Allen Memorial Art Museum","Trenton Writers Guild","Greater Bordentown Chamber of Commerce","The Rotkin Review","Princeton Photography Club","John Young Audio-Visual Production","Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture","St. Lawrence Rehabilitation Center","Mercer County (N.J.)","Stockton State College","Ansel Adams Gallery (Yosemite National Park, Calif.)","Rider College Art Gallery","Photo Workshop","Mercer Medical Center","Noyes Museum of Art","Photographers Forum","Art Kane Photo Workshop","Morris Museum","Essence","New York University. American Photography Institute","George Eastman House","Art in the Atrium","Johnson and Johnson","Bristol-Myers Squibb Company","Webster University","Charles McCollough Studio","Anacostia Museum and Center for African American History and Culture","University of Texas at Austin‏","General Artists Agency","Pavilion Gallery. Sculpture Garden","Virginia Statesman","Camera (Lucerne, Switzerland)","The Arrow","Like It Is","Photography Project of the President's Council on Youth Opportunity","Industrial Photography","Inside Out","New York Times company","Popular Photography","The Honeywell World","New York post","Associated Press","Photography Year","Black enterprise","College Voice","Dialogue","Trentonian","Trenton Sunday Times. The Magazine","Round-up","Trenton Sunday Times","Hightstown Gazette","Whoot","Garden State Press Clipping Bureau","Press of Atlantic City","Weekend Beacon","New Jersey Clipping Service","Argo","Asbury Park Press","Burlington Times","Courier-Post","Mercer","Time Off","New Jersey Herald","Star-Ledger (Newark, N.J.)","Art Matters","Trenton Times","Viking","United States Highway 1","Princeton Packet","The Monroe Township View","Voice","Princeton Living","The Link","Lawrence Ledger","Light Work (Organization : Syracuse, N.Y.)","Merrimack Publishing Corp.","Decathlon Corporation","Paramount Pictures Corporation","Fischl and Hartman Photographs","Sepia Tones","Image Gallery","Community Gallery","Countee Cullen Library","International Center of Photography","Corcoran Gallery of Art","First Time Photo Gallery","George Washington University","Artists Space (Gallery)","Arts Council of Rockland","Rockland Community College (Suffern, N.Y.)","Memorial Hospital of Burlington County","Mariboe Gallery","Peddie School","Artworks","Princeton Art Association","Allan P. Kirby Arts Center Gallery","The Lawrenceville School","May Gallery","New York University. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences","Trenton Artists Workshop Association","Forum Notes","Empire State College","New York African American Institute","J. Sargeant Reynolds Community College","Creative Artists Public Service Program","Light Impressions Corporation","Fashion Institute of Technology (New York, N.Y.)","Fashion Institute of Technology (New York, N.Y.). Galleries","Catskill Center for Photography (Woodstock, N.Y.)","Photo Newsletter","James Van DerZee Institute","Obscura","Los Angeles Center For Photographic Studies","Ten.8","Crown Publishers, Inc.","Atlanta University","Aperture, Inc.","Black Photographers Annual","Madison Art Center","Columbia College (Chicago, Ill.)","En Foco, Inc.","Kenyon College","W.W. Norton and Company","Institute for Youth Entrepreneurship","Culturefront","Newsweek","New York (N.Y.). Department of Commerce and Industrial Development","Uniworld Group, Inc. (Bethesda, Md.)","Mingo, Jones, Guilmenot, Inc.","De-Lite Records","PolyGram Records, Inc.","David Deutsch Associates","Art Direction","College of New Rochelle","Hofstra University","National Urban League","Gallery 62","Césaire Photo Agency","Photo/Chronicles Ltd.","National Association for the Advancement of Colored People","Just Above Midtown Gallery","Kenkeleba Gallery (New York, N.Y.)","New Jersey State Museum","Gordon Parks Gallery","School of New Resources","Crawford and Sloan Gallery","International Black Photographers","Trenton City Museum","Ellarslie Mansion","Pavilion Galleries","TAWA Soviet Exchange Committee","Photographic Association of the USSR","Planeta Publishers","Sovart Inc.","Chuvash ASSR Photographic Art Society","Perm Scientific Methodological Center for Folk Art and Cultural and Educational Work","People's Photostudio of Perm","Reticulation","Chuvashskiĭ gosudarstvennyĭ universitet im. I.N. Ulʹi︠a︡nova","Mercer County Community College News","Bucks County Technical School (Bucks County, Pa.)","Mercer County Community College (N.J.). Student Activities Department","Mercer County Community College (N.J.). Student Government Association","St. Lawrence Rehabilitation Center. Lobby Gallery","Hopewell Valley News","Artifacts Gallery","Mercer County Library. Ewing Branch","Mercer County Community College (N.J.). East Windsor Municipal Building","Pennington Post","Queenstown Gallery","Hamilton Township Public Library","Messenger-Press","Town Topics","Chronicle","Mercer Messenger","Beacon","New Jersey. Department of Higher Education","Infinity","American Society of Magazine Photographers","Barksdale Gallery","American Academy of Arts and Letters","Audio Visual Product News","County College of Morris","UFA Gallery","Gallery of South Orange","Jubilee","William Morrow and Company","Black Creation","New York University. Institute of African-American Affairs","Avon Books.","Hearst Corporation","Frederick Douglass Creative Arts Center","Another View, Inc.","Langston Hughes Society","Brown University","Garland Publishing, Inc.","U.S. Lakeland Terrier Club","South Trenton Review","New Jersey Historical Commission","Transmondo","Sekonic","Hasselblad USA","Lindahl","Staticmaster"],"names_coll_ssim":["Louis H. Draper Preservation Trust","Kamoinge Inc.‏","Kamoinge Inc.‏","Draper, Louis H., 1935-2002"],"persname_ssim":["Draper, Louis H., 1935-2002","Faulkner, William, 1897-1962","Harris, Charles \"Teenie\", 1908-1998","Parker, Pat","Gloster, Dorothy","Williams, Henry A.","Draper, Hansel H.","Shaw-Beach","Beach, George A. (George Anderson), 1902-1994","Massey, Cal, 1927-1972","Hughes, Langston, 1902-1967","Morgan, Margaret","Collins, Kathleen, 1942-1988","Gray, Ronald K.","Gloster, Brandon","Schulte, Roger","Hudson, Fred","Marcus","Szarkowski, John, 1925-2007","Bunnell, Peter C., 1937-","Caponigro, Paul, 1932-","Bat'ka, Bedřich, 1922-1994","Tangney, Ralph","Reno, Mike","Recording Institute of America","Darkroom and creative camera techniques","Jilg, Mark","McNutt, Dennis","Bucks County Community College","Beach, Donald","Felip, John","Edwal Scientific Products","Carter, David","Moman-Bell, Patricia","Russo, Eleanor","Hackensack Public Schools","Kolovakos, Gregory, 1951-1990","New York State Council on the Arts","Holford, Mary","Creative Resources Institute","Moutoussamy-Ashe, Jeanne, 1951-","Olander, William, 1950-1989","Collins, Denise","Salewski, Randal","Horwitz, Alan","Levin, David","Remer, Lisa","West, Janice M.","Blackford, Eva","Greater Bordentown Chamber of Commerce","Holl-Madara, Lynn","Siskind, Carroll","Conklin, D. David","Chiego, William J., 1943-","Rotkin, Charles E., 1916-","The Rotkin Review","Rosado, Maria","Price, Pamela","Steele, Diana","Princeton Photography Club","Fawcetter, Caroline","Young, John","John Young Audio-Visual Production","Willis, Deborah, 1948-","Bey, Dawoud, 1953-","Pope, Sharon","Mathesius, Bill","Feinstein, Harold, 1931-2015","Schneeman, Liane","Williams, H. G.","Adams, Jeanne","Zakia, Richard D. (Richard Donald), 1925-2012","Henderson, Wanda","Naar, Harry I.","Photo Workshop","Wiley, Mary Helen","Collier, David E., 1929-2012","Kokotajlo, Stan","Troeller, Linda, 1949-","Fabbri, Anne R.","The Noyes Museum","Saretzky, Gary D.","Serbin, Glen","Deering, Bill","Art Kane Photo Workshop","Cook, Sue","Simad, Teresa","Carty, Diane","Williams, Ann","The Morris Museum","Rand, Henry","Aparicio, Roxana","George Eastman House","Earenfight, Phillip, 1962-","Russell, Lisa","Tolin, Ann","McCollough, Charles","Charles McCollough Studio","Smith, Beuford, 1941-","Morris, Jennifer","Anacostia Museum and Center for African American History and Culture","Lehman, Arnold L.","Duganne, Erina","General Artists Agency","Bertoli, Barbara","Stephanini, Pat","Pavilion Gallery Sculpture Garden","Nini, Rose","Pearce, Jeannie","O'Boyle, Bob","Virginia Statesman","Like It Is","Photography Project of the President's Council on Youth Opportunity","Baum, Ralph","Industrial Photography","Inside Out","Vestal, David, 1924-2013","Associated Press","Petit, Philippe, 1949-","Photography Year","Norton, Eleanor Holmes, 1937-","Ms.","Rivera, Christine","Dialogue","Cagan, Steve","Doan-Johnson, Susan","Hightstown Gazette","McCoy, Regina","Press of Atlantic City","Weekend Beacon","Viksjo, Cathy","Argo","Post, Kevin","Asbury Park Press","Burlington Times","Bledsoe, Lysbeth","Courier-Post","Shipley, Barbara","Heisler, Wendy","New Jersey Herald","Star-Ledger","Seidel, Mitchell","Carlson, Michele","Small, Michael C.","Mutterperl, Mindy","Crossman, Lorraine","Fone, Lisa","Addis, Amanda","Purcell, Janet","Monroe Township View","Orsi, Chris","Princeton Living","Beres, Derek","Dube, Ilene","Merrimack Publishing Corp.","Kimbrough, Larry","Decathlon Corporation","Paramount Pictures Corporation","Fischl and Hartman","Sepia Tones","General Motors Corporation. Chevrolet Motor Division","Image Gallery","Community Gallery","Madison, Clarence","First Time Photo Gallery","Maddox, James","Noyes Museum","Morris Museum","Arts Council of Rockland","Rockland Community College (Suffern, N.Y.)","Mariboe Gallery","Princeton Art Association","Allan P. Kirby Arts Center Gallery","Lawrenceville School","Empire State College","New York African American Institute","J. Sargeant Reynolds Community College","Light Impressions Corporation","Kismaric, Carole, 1942-2002","Palaszczuk, Mary Ellen","Fernandez, Isabelle","Catskill Center for Photography (Woodstock, N.Y.)","Kenyon, Kathleen","Obscura","Los Angeles Center For Photographic Studies","Weems, Carrie Mae, 1953-","Ten.8","Walker, Shawn, 1940-","Sullivan, George E. (George Edward), 1927-","Dutton Juvenile","Taha, Halima","Crown Publishers","DeCarava, Roy, 1919-2009","Mannas, James \"Jimmie\" M., 1941-","Rudolph, Sa","Francis, James \"Ray\"","Jackson, Miles M., Jr., 1929-","Mayer, Grace M.","Hoffman, Michael E. (Michael Eugene), 1942-2001","Porter, Allan, 1934-2022","Crawford, Joe","Liska, Jane","Columbia College (Chicago, Ill.)","Cobb, Vandell","Romais, Miriam","Kenyon College","Wilson, Calvin, 1924-","Fournier, Collette","Stewart, Frank, 1949-","W.W. Norton and Company","Hinzmann, Hilary","Institute for Youth Entrepreneurship","Lawrence, Steve","Culturefront","Smith, Evelyn","Fennar, Albert, 1938-","Howard, Herman","Martin, Steve","Newsweek","Barboza, Anthony, 1944-","Barboza, Ken","Clarke, LeRoy, 1938-","New York (N.Y.). Department of Commerce and Industrial Development","Uniworld Group, Inc. (Bethesda, Md.)","Mingo, Jones, Guilmenot, Inc.","De-Lite Records","PolyGram Records, Inc.","David Deutsch Associates","Cowans, Adger W., 1936-","Art Direction","Preston, George Nelson, 1938-","Bearden, Romare, 1911-1988","College of New Rochelle","Dix, Seldon","Littles, Dolores Allen","Dawson, C. Daniel","American Visions","Parks, Toni","Pinderhughes, John, 1946-","Randall, Herbert, 1936-","Robinson, Herb","National Urban League","Gallery 62","Wilmer, Val (Valerie), 1941-","Photo/Chronicles","Smith, Morgan, 1910-1993","Smith, Marvin, 1910-2003","Smith, Ming, 1950-","Steichen, Edward, 1879-1973","Just Above Midtown Gallery","Kenkeleba Gallery","Gordon Parks Gallery","School of New Resources","Crawford and Sloan Gallery","Greene, Cheryll Y., 1943-2013","Sleet, Moneta, Jr., 1926-1996","Stewart, Charles (Chuck), 1927-2017","Wilkinson, Carlton","Kauffman, Aubrey","Leipzig, Melvin, 1935-","Baskakov, Andrew","Brodsky, Judith","Berezin, Valentin Solomonovich","Planeta Publishers","Sovart Inc.","Nesterova, Natalʹi︠a︡, 1944-","Chilnikov, Sergey","Chuvash ASSR Photographic Art Society","Mari ASSR Photographic Art Society","Suprun, Aleksandr","Perm Scientific Methodological Center for Folk Art and Cultural and Educational Work","People's Photostudio of Perm","Reticulation","Dobrynkin, A.","Chuvashskiĭ gosudarstvennyĭ universitet im. I.N. Ulʹi︠a︡nova","Hanley, John P.","Bullock, Joanne B.","Corwin, Luene Holmes, 1937-","Dowd, Jennifer Ann","Mathias, John","Weiss, Celia","Bundy, Roy","Flynn, William J.","Hain, Josh","Rivera, Frank","White, Larry","Barksdale, William E., 1927-","Dietrich, Marilyn","Duncan, Noreen","Lobby Gallery","Hymans, Kay","Lamba, Marie","Hopewell Valley News","Stender, Barbara","Artifacts Gallery","Town Topics","Chronicle","Beacon","Williams, Gray","New Jersey Department of Higher Education","Osborne, Linda","Caruso, Jennifer","Infinity","American Society of Magazine Photographers","Moran, Daniel Thomas","Barksdale Gallery","American Academy of Arts and Letters","Bateson, Michael A.","Audio Visual Product News","Davis, Gail","Gray, Jeanne","Clyde","Smith, W. Eugene, 1918-1978","County College of Morris","UFA Gallery","Gallery of South Orange","Jubilee","Von Hildebrand, Alice, 1923-2022","Von Hildebrand, Dietrich, 1889-1977","O'Daniel, Therman B. (Therman Benjamin), 1908-1986","William Morrow and Company","Hathaway, Paul R.","Hamer, Fannie Lou, 1917-1977","Johnson, Thomas A., 1928-2008","Gillespie, Marcia","Reynolds, Barbara Ann","Jackson, Jacqueline, 1944-","Moore, Marjorie","Fouch, Barbara","James, Delores","McDougall, Joyce, 1926-2011","Lebovici, Serge, 1915-2000","Avon Books","Hearst Corporation","Clark, Duvie","Ebert, Alan","Bryant, Joyce, 1927-2022","Frederick Douglass Creative Arts Center","Another View, Inc.","Garland Publishing, Inc.","U.S. Lakeland Terrier Club","Bower, Sue","Kiley, Frederick S. (Frederick Spencer), 1922-2002","Wright, Giles R.","New Jersey Historical Commission","Allen, Jules, 1947-","Anderson, Julie","Chycota, Johanna","Anderson, Mary B.","Pendergrass, Teddy, 1950-2010","Paul, Billy, 1934-2016","Shinee, Ntozake","Ferman, Terry","Barboza, Leanette","Barboza, Linda Anderson","Barboza, Tim","Bass, George Houston, 1938-1990","Builder, Levy, 1942-","Fuller, Naimah","Bennett, Alan","Bickal, Janet","Blake, Nina","Blake, Eubie, 1887-1983","Bobo, Anne","Bogle, Donald, 1944-","McNatt, Rosemary Bray","Brenner, Glen","Brooks, Wenonah","Bulaj, Marek","Johnson, Barbara Piasecka, 1937-2013","Burton, Sandy","Callender, Arlene","Campbell, Diane","Carty, Delores","Ceglia, Vincent","Chambers, Paul, 1935-1969","Chapman, Glenn Edward","Chavez, Lynn","Chavez, Pete","Chavooshian, Marge","Colavita, James J., 1949-1996","Collins, Lucrentia","Cook, Molly","Simao, Teresa","Crawley, Hazel","Critchlow, Carol","Crotty, Mary","Cummings, Blondell, 1944-2015","Davis, Daryl","Davis, Judy","Davis, Miles, 1926-1991","De Veaux, Alexis, 1948-","Banks, Diane","Deveaux, Pam","Dixon, Mel","Douglas, Clara","Dunham, Katherine, 1909-2006","Esquila, Ramon","Evans, Scott","Fennar, Miya","Koho, Keiko","Fennar, Tad","Folmer, Daniella","Fontaine, Walter","Durniak, John","Galeano, Cheryl","Gibson, Pat","Goldman, Midge","Goodkin, Vera Herman","Guitar Shorty, 1939-2022","Flakes, Jacqueline Hamer, 1966-","Moore, Richard B. 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