{"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1993\u0026page=4176\u0026view=list","prev":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1993\u0026page=4175\u0026view=list","next":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1993\u0026page=4177\u0026view=list","last":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1993\u0026page=4178\u0026view=list"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":4176,"next_page":4177,"prev_page":4175,"total_pages":4178,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":41750,"total_count":41772,"first_page?":false,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"vifgm_vifgm00092","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Zelda Fichandler papers, 1950/2000","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_vifgm00092#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Zelda Fichandler","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_vifgm00092#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"This collection contains the working and personal papers of Zelda Fichandler. Items include correspondence regarding productions, staff, finances, playwrights and actors as well as personal matters and speeches and remarks given by Zelda. ","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_vifgm00092#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vifgm_vifgm00092","ead_ssi":"vifgm_vifgm00092","_root_":"vifgm_vifgm00092","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_vifgm00092","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/gmu/vifgm00092.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"http://sca.gmu.edu/finding_aids/","title_ssm":["Zelda Fichandler papers"],"title_tesim":["Zelda Fichandler papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1950-2000"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1950-2000"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1950/2000"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Zelda Fichandler papers, 1950/2000"],"text":["Zelda Fichandler papers, 1950/2000","C0010","Theater--Washington (D.C.)","Collection is open to research.","Organized by folder.","Zelda Fichandler was the Founding Director of Arena Stage in Washington, D.C. and its primary artistic force from 1950-1990. Her history-making example, force of personality, and eloquence as a speaker and writer have made her a leading national figure in the performing arts and Arena Stage a model for scores of cultural institutions established around the country. Zelda's personal vision for theatre has had a transforming effect on the entire field, switching the axis from Broadway to the rest of the nation in the production of new work. She is considered a parent of the regional theatre in America.","Zelda embraced a vast sweep of dramatic literature which reverberated through the commercial and non-commercial theatre world and into film and television. She directed many of Arena's productions including Mrs. Klein, Uncle Vanya, The Three Sisters, Death of a Salesman, An Enemy of the People, Six Characters in Search of an Author, and A Doll House; and the American premieres of new Eastern European works, Duck Hunting, The Ascent of Mt. Fuji, and Screenplay. Arena Stage was the first American theatre company, sponsored by the State Department, to tour the then-Soviet Union. Her Inherit the Wind played in Moscow and St. Petersburg in 1973, the company performed her After the Fall at the 1980 Hong Kong Arts Festival, and in 1987, her production of The Crucible appeared at the Israel Festival in Jerusalem.\nAs a producer, Zelda nurtured all of Arena's plays, making a home for important European playwrights like Brecht, Frisch, Ionesco, Mrozek, and Orkeny, alongside significant American revivals of works by Albee, Miller, Williams, O'Neill, Thornton Wilder, Kaufman and Hart and classics by Shakespeare, Shaw, Moliere, Ibsen, and others. Broadway, too, has felt the impact of Zelda's work, especially with the development of new plays. The Great White Hope, Indians, Moonchildren, Pueblo, A History of the American Film, The Madness of God, Raisin, and K2 all started at Arena Stage. She left the artistic leadership of Arena in 1991 to her close associate, Douglas C. Wager.\nZelda also made Arena the theatre of the \"second chance,\" where plays like Summer of the 17th Doll, Saturday, Sunday, Monday, and The Comedians found life after commercial failure in New York.","Zelda's concern for the development of young actors led her, in 1984, to take on, in addition, the role of Chair of the Graduate Acting Program and Master Teacher of Acting and Directing at New York University's Tisch School of the Arts, a position which she continues to fill. Graduates of this premier program now occupy leading positions in film, television, and the stage, winning top awards in the various media. From 1991 through 1994, she also served as the Artistic Director of The Acting Company, a young company of actors that tours a classical repertory throughout America. The link between professional theatre and training is important to Zelda as a means \"to attract young people to the benefits of company work and to train them to perform in the broadest repertory.\" The idea of \"company\" has animated her work since the beginning, and her goal now is to establish in New York an acting company composed primarily of graduates from the Graduate Acting Program. Many agents, casting directors, and stage directors consider the Program at Tisch to be the most innovative and creative in the country.","Zelda has received the National Medal of the Arts, awarded in 1997 by President Clinton, the Common Wealth Award for distinguished service to the dramatic arts, The Brandeis University Creative Arts award, The Acting Company's John Houseman Award for commitment to the development of young American actors, the Margo Jones Award for the production of new plays, Washingtonian of the Year Award, the Ortho 21st Century Women Trailblazer Award, and the Society for Stage Directors and Choreographers George Abbott Award. The New York commercial theatre world awarded Zelda and Arena Stage the Antoinette Perry or 'Tony' Award in 1976, the first to be given to a company outside New York. In 1999 she was inducted into the Theatre Hall of Fame, making her the first artistic leader outside of New York to receive this honor.","Processed by Special Collections and Archives staff.","Special Collections and Archives holds the Arena Stage records.","This collection contains the working and personal papers of Zelda Fichandler.  Items include correspondence regarding productions, staff, finances, playwrights and actors as well as personal matters and speeches and remarks given by Zelda.","The bulk of collection contains Zelda's research of plays including; playbills and programs, reviews, articles, correspondence regarding plays and their past productions and audience response letters.\nItems of note include many papers regarding the original production of The Great White Hope, and information regarding Arena Stages tour of Russia in 1973.","Loose in box.","Large audio cassette case.","This was a seminar class Fichlander taught at Boston University.","Handwritten notes in margins","One script is in the original German.","Drawings related to this folder in Box 46B","unfastened, loose pages","Playbill unfastened, loose pages","Playbill unfastened, loose pages","unfastend, loose pages","includes regrets from President Carter and Vice President Mondale","correspondence and information pertaining to Soviet Jewry and Arena Stage's tour of the USSR in 1973","planning materials","offical banner, information and programs","brochures and programs","correspondence, articles and misc. materials","brochures","programs (9)","misc. materials","invitations and planning materials","invitations and planning materials","news clippings, \"a look back at the 70's\"","RSVP cards and planning materials","planning materials","planning materials","nomination forms, invitations, correspondence","correspondence and information","budget","includes photos with President Ford and Nancy Regan","Most material in Russian","Material in Russian","There are no restrictions.","This collection contains the working and personal papers of Zelda Fichandler.  Items include correspondence regarding productions, staff, finances, playwrights and actors as well as personal matters and speeches and remarks given by Zelda.","George Mason University. Special Collections and Archives.","Arena Stage (Organization : Washington, D.C.)","Zelda Fichandler","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Zelda Fichandler papers, 1950/2000"],"collection_ssim":["Zelda Fichandler papers, 1950/2000"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0010"],"unitid_tesim":["C0010"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"creator_ssm":["Zelda Fichandler"],"creator_ssim":["Zelda Fichandler"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Zelda Fichandler"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Special Collections and Archives.","Arena Stage (Organization : Washington, D.C.)"],"creators_ssim":["Zelda Fichandler","George Mason University. Special Collections and Archives.","Arena Stage (Organization : Washington, D.C.)"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donated by Arena Stage in 2000."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Theater--Washington (D.C.)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Theater--Washington (D.C.)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["104.5 linear ft.; 209 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["104.5 linear ft.; 209 boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to research.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOrganized by folder.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Organized by folder."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eZelda Fichandler was the Founding Director of Arena Stage in Washington, D.C. and its primary artistic force from 1950-1990. Her history-making example, force of personality, and eloquence as a speaker and writer have made her a leading national figure in the performing arts and Arena Stage a model for scores of cultural institutions established around the country. Zelda's personal vision for theatre has had a transforming effect on the entire field, switching the axis from Broadway to the rest of the nation in the production of new work. She is considered a parent of the regional theatre in America.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e\nZelda embraced a vast sweep of dramatic literature which reverberated through the commercial and non-commercial theatre world and into film and television. She directed many of Arena's productions including Mrs. Klein, Uncle Vanya, The Three Sisters, Death of a Salesman, An Enemy of the People, Six Characters in Search of an Author, and A Doll House; and the American premieres of new Eastern European works, Duck Hunting, The Ascent of Mt. Fuji, and Screenplay. Arena Stage was the first American theatre company, sponsored by the State Department, to tour the then-Soviet Union. Her Inherit the Wind played in Moscow and St. Petersburg in 1973, the company performed her After the Fall at the 1980 Hong Kong Arts Festival, and in 1987, her production of The Crucible appeared at the Israel Festival in Jerusalem.\nAs a producer, Zelda nurtured all of Arena's plays, making a home for important European playwrights like Brecht, Frisch, Ionesco, Mrozek, and Orkeny, alongside significant American revivals of works by Albee, Miller, Williams, O'Neill, Thornton Wilder, Kaufman and Hart and classics by Shakespeare, Shaw, Moliere, Ibsen, and others. Broadway, too, has felt the impact of Zelda's work, especially with the development of new plays. The Great White Hope, Indians, Moonchildren, Pueblo, A History of the American Film, The Madness of God, Raisin, and K2 all started at Arena Stage. She left the artistic leadership of Arena in 1991 to her close associate, Douglas C. Wager.\nZelda also made Arena the theatre of the \"second chance,\" where plays like Summer of the 17th Doll, Saturday, Sunday, Monday, and The Comedians found life after commercial failure in New York.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e\nZelda's concern for the development of young actors led her, in 1984, to take on, in addition, the role of Chair of the Graduate Acting Program and Master Teacher of Acting and Directing at New York University's Tisch School of the Arts, a position which she continues to fill. Graduates of this premier program now occupy leading positions in film, television, and the stage, winning top awards in the various media. From 1991 through 1994, she also served as the Artistic Director of The Acting Company, a young company of actors that tours a classical repertory throughout America. The link between professional theatre and training is important to Zelda as a means \"to attract young people to the benefits of company work and to train them to perform in the broadest repertory.\" The idea of \"company\" has animated her work since the beginning, and her goal now is to establish in New York an acting company composed primarily of graduates from the Graduate Acting Program. Many agents, casting directors, and stage directors consider the Program at Tisch to be the most innovative and creative in the country.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e\nZelda has received the National Medal of the Arts, awarded in 1997 by President Clinton, the Common Wealth Award for distinguished service to the dramatic arts, The Brandeis University Creative Arts award, The Acting Company's John Houseman Award for commitment to the development of young American actors, the Margo Jones Award for the production of new plays, Washingtonian of the Year Award, the Ortho 21st Century Women Trailblazer Award, and the Society for Stage Directors and Choreographers George Abbott Award. The New York commercial theatre world awarded Zelda and Arena Stage the Antoinette Perry or 'Tony' Award in 1976, the first to be given to a company outside New York. In 1999 she was inducted into the Theatre Hall of Fame, making her the first artistic leader outside of New York to receive this honor.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Zelda Fichandler was the Founding Director of Arena Stage in Washington, D.C. and its primary artistic force from 1950-1990. Her history-making example, force of personality, and eloquence as a speaker and writer have made her a leading national figure in the performing arts and Arena Stage a model for scores of cultural institutions established around the country. Zelda's personal vision for theatre has had a transforming effect on the entire field, switching the axis from Broadway to the rest of the nation in the production of new work. She is considered a parent of the regional theatre in America.","Zelda embraced a vast sweep of dramatic literature which reverberated through the commercial and non-commercial theatre world and into film and television. She directed many of Arena's productions including Mrs. Klein, Uncle Vanya, The Three Sisters, Death of a Salesman, An Enemy of the People, Six Characters in Search of an Author, and A Doll House; and the American premieres of new Eastern European works, Duck Hunting, The Ascent of Mt. Fuji, and Screenplay. Arena Stage was the first American theatre company, sponsored by the State Department, to tour the then-Soviet Union. Her Inherit the Wind played in Moscow and St. Petersburg in 1973, the company performed her After the Fall at the 1980 Hong Kong Arts Festival, and in 1987, her production of The Crucible appeared at the Israel Festival in Jerusalem.\nAs a producer, Zelda nurtured all of Arena's plays, making a home for important European playwrights like Brecht, Frisch, Ionesco, Mrozek, and Orkeny, alongside significant American revivals of works by Albee, Miller, Williams, O'Neill, Thornton Wilder, Kaufman and Hart and classics by Shakespeare, Shaw, Moliere, Ibsen, and others. Broadway, too, has felt the impact of Zelda's work, especially with the development of new plays. The Great White Hope, Indians, Moonchildren, Pueblo, A History of the American Film, The Madness of God, Raisin, and K2 all started at Arena Stage. She left the artistic leadership of Arena in 1991 to her close associate, Douglas C. Wager.\nZelda also made Arena the theatre of the \"second chance,\" where plays like Summer of the 17th Doll, Saturday, Sunday, Monday, and The Comedians found life after commercial failure in New York.","Zelda's concern for the development of young actors led her, in 1984, to take on, in addition, the role of Chair of the Graduate Acting Program and Master Teacher of Acting and Directing at New York University's Tisch School of the Arts, a position which she continues to fill. Graduates of this premier program now occupy leading positions in film, television, and the stage, winning top awards in the various media. From 1991 through 1994, she also served as the Artistic Director of The Acting Company, a young company of actors that tours a classical repertory throughout America. The link between professional theatre and training is important to Zelda as a means \"to attract young people to the benefits of company work and to train them to perform in the broadest repertory.\" The idea of \"company\" has animated her work since the beginning, and her goal now is to establish in New York an acting company composed primarily of graduates from the Graduate Acting Program. Many agents, casting directors, and stage directors consider the Program at Tisch to be the most innovative and creative in the country.","Zelda has received the National Medal of the Arts, awarded in 1997 by President Clinton, the Common Wealth Award for distinguished service to the dramatic arts, The Brandeis University Creative Arts award, The Acting Company's John Houseman Award for commitment to the development of young American actors, the Margo Jones Award for the production of new plays, Washingtonian of the Year Award, the Ortho 21st Century Women Trailblazer Award, and the Society for Stage Directors and Choreographers George Abbott Award. The New York commercial theatre world awarded Zelda and Arena Stage the Antoinette Perry or 'Tony' Award in 1976, the first to be given to a company outside New York. In 1999 she was inducted into the Theatre Hall of Fame, making her the first artistic leader outside of New York to receive this honor."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eZelda Fichandler papers, Collection #C0017, Special Collections and Archives, George Mason University.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"prefercite_tesim":["Zelda Fichandler papers, Collection #C0017, Special Collections and Archives, George Mason University."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed by Special Collections and Archives staff.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed by Special Collections and Archives staff."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSpecial Collections and Archives holds the Arena Stage records.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Special Collections and Archives holds the Arena Stage records."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains the working and personal papers of Zelda Fichandler.  Items include correspondence regarding productions, staff, finances, playwrights and actors as well as personal matters and speeches and remarks given by Zelda.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e\nThe bulk of collection contains Zelda's research of plays including; playbills and programs, reviews, articles, correspondence regarding plays and their past productions and audience response letters.\nItems of note include many papers regarding the original production of The Great White Hope, and information regarding Arena Stages tour of Russia in 1973.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n    ","\u003cp\u003eLoose in box.\u003c/p\u003e\n          ","\u003cp\u003eLarge audio cassette case.\u003c/p\u003e\n          ","\u003cp\u003eThis was a seminar class Fichlander taught at Boston University.\n\t\u003c/p\u003e\n          ","\u003cp\u003eHandwritten notes in margins\n\t\u003c/p\u003e\n          ","\u003cp\u003eOne script is in the original German.\n\t\u003c/p\u003e\n          ","\u003cp\u003eDrawings related to this folder in Box 46B\n\t\u003c/p\u003e\n          ","\u003cp\u003eunfastened, loose pages\n\t\u003c/p\u003e\n          ","\u003cp\u003ePlaybill unfastened, loose pages\n\t\u003c/p\u003e\n          ","\u003cp\u003ePlaybill unfastened, loose pages\n\t\u003c/p\u003e\n          ","\u003cp\u003eunfastend, loose pages\n\t\u003c/p\u003e\n          ","\u003cp\u003eincludes regrets from President Carter and Vice President Mondale\n\t\u003c/p\u003e\n          ","\u003cp\u003ecorrespondence and information pertaining to Soviet Jewry and Arena Stage's tour of the USSR in 1973\n\t\u003c/p\u003e\n          ","\u003cp\u003eplanning materials\n\t\u003c/p\u003e\n          ","\u003cp\u003eoffical banner, information and programs\n\t\u003c/p\u003e\n          ","\u003cp\u003ebrochures and programs\n\t\u003c/p\u003e\n          ","\u003cp\u003ecorrespondence, articles and misc. materials\n\t\u003c/p\u003e\n          ","\u003cp\u003ebrochures\n\t\u003c/p\u003e\n          ","\u003cp\u003eprograms (9)\n\t\u003c/p\u003e\n          ","\u003cp\u003emisc. materials\n\t\u003c/p\u003e\n          ","\u003cp\u003einvitations and planning materials\n\t\u003c/p\u003e\n          ","\u003cp\u003einvitations and planning materials\n\t\u003c/p\u003e\n          ","\u003cp\u003enews clippings, \"a look back at the 70's\"\n\t\u003c/p\u003e\n          ","\u003cp\u003eRSVP cards and planning materials\n\t\u003c/p\u003e\n          ","\u003cp\u003eplanning materials\n\t\u003c/p\u003e\n          ","\u003cp\u003eplanning materials\n\t\u003c/p\u003e\n          ","\u003cp\u003enomination forms, invitations, correspondence\n\t\u003c/p\u003e\n          ","\u003cp\u003ecorrespondence and information\n\t\u003c/p\u003e\n          ","\u003cp\u003ebudget\n\t\u003c/p\u003e\n          ","\u003cp\u003eincludes photos with President Ford and Nancy Regan\n\t\u003c/p\u003e\n          ","\u003cp\u003eMost material in Russian\n\t\u003c/p\u003e\n          ","\u003cp\u003eMaterial in Russian\n\t\u003c/p\u003e\n          "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains the working and personal papers of Zelda Fichandler.  Items include correspondence regarding productions, staff, finances, playwrights and actors as well as personal matters and speeches and remarks given by Zelda.","The bulk of collection contains Zelda's research of plays including; playbills and programs, reviews, articles, correspondence regarding plays and their past productions and audience response letters.\nItems of note include many papers regarding the original production of The Great White Hope, and information regarding Arena Stages tour of Russia in 1973.","Loose in box.","Large audio cassette case.","This was a seminar class Fichlander taught at Boston University.","Handwritten notes in margins","One script is in the original German.","Drawings related to this folder in Box 46B","unfastened, loose pages","Playbill unfastened, loose pages","Playbill unfastened, loose pages","unfastend, loose pages","includes regrets from President Carter and Vice President Mondale","correspondence and information pertaining to Soviet Jewry and Arena Stage's tour of the USSR in 1973","planning materials","offical banner, information and programs","brochures and programs","correspondence, articles and misc. materials","brochures","programs (9)","misc. materials","invitations and planning materials","invitations and planning materials","news clippings, \"a look back at the 70's\"","RSVP cards and planning materials","planning materials","planning materials","nomination forms, invitations, correspondence","correspondence and information","budget","includes photos with President Ford and Nancy Regan","Most material in Russian","Material in Russian"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThis collection contains the working and personal papers of Zelda Fichandler.  Items include correspondence regarding productions, staff, finances, playwrights and actors as well as personal matters and speeches and remarks given by Zelda.\n\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["This collection contains the working and personal papers of Zelda Fichandler.  Items include correspondence regarding productions, staff, finances, playwrights and actors as well as personal matters and speeches and remarks given by Zelda."],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Special Collections and Archives.","Arena Stage (Organization : Washington, D.C.)"],"persname_ssim":["Zelda Fichandler"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Special Collections and Archives.","Arena Stage (Organization : Washington, D.C.)","Zelda Fichandler"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":2919,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:56:58.033Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vifgm_vifgm00092","ead_ssi":"vifgm_vifgm00092","_root_":"vifgm_vifgm00092","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_vifgm00092","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/gmu/vifgm00092.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"http://sca.gmu.edu/finding_aids/","title_ssm":["Zelda Fichandler papers"],"title_tesim":["Zelda Fichandler papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1950-2000"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1950-2000"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1950/2000"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Zelda Fichandler papers, 1950/2000"],"text":["Zelda Fichandler papers, 1950/2000","C0010","Theater--Washington (D.C.)","Collection is open to research.","Organized by folder.","Zelda Fichandler was the Founding Director of Arena Stage in Washington, D.C. and its primary artistic force from 1950-1990. Her history-making example, force of personality, and eloquence as a speaker and writer have made her a leading national figure in the performing arts and Arena Stage a model for scores of cultural institutions established around the country. Zelda's personal vision for theatre has had a transforming effect on the entire field, switching the axis from Broadway to the rest of the nation in the production of new work. She is considered a parent of the regional theatre in America.","Zelda embraced a vast sweep of dramatic literature which reverberated through the commercial and non-commercial theatre world and into film and television. She directed many of Arena's productions including Mrs. Klein, Uncle Vanya, The Three Sisters, Death of a Salesman, An Enemy of the People, Six Characters in Search of an Author, and A Doll House; and the American premieres of new Eastern European works, Duck Hunting, The Ascent of Mt. Fuji, and Screenplay. Arena Stage was the first American theatre company, sponsored by the State Department, to tour the then-Soviet Union. Her Inherit the Wind played in Moscow and St. Petersburg in 1973, the company performed her After the Fall at the 1980 Hong Kong Arts Festival, and in 1987, her production of The Crucible appeared at the Israel Festival in Jerusalem.\nAs a producer, Zelda nurtured all of Arena's plays, making a home for important European playwrights like Brecht, Frisch, Ionesco, Mrozek, and Orkeny, alongside significant American revivals of works by Albee, Miller, Williams, O'Neill, Thornton Wilder, Kaufman and Hart and classics by Shakespeare, Shaw, Moliere, Ibsen, and others. Broadway, too, has felt the impact of Zelda's work, especially with the development of new plays. The Great White Hope, Indians, Moonchildren, Pueblo, A History of the American Film, The Madness of God, Raisin, and K2 all started at Arena Stage. She left the artistic leadership of Arena in 1991 to her close associate, Douglas C. Wager.\nZelda also made Arena the theatre of the \"second chance,\" where plays like Summer of the 17th Doll, Saturday, Sunday, Monday, and The Comedians found life after commercial failure in New York.","Zelda's concern for the development of young actors led her, in 1984, to take on, in addition, the role of Chair of the Graduate Acting Program and Master Teacher of Acting and Directing at New York University's Tisch School of the Arts, a position which she continues to fill. Graduates of this premier program now occupy leading positions in film, television, and the stage, winning top awards in the various media. From 1991 through 1994, she also served as the Artistic Director of The Acting Company, a young company of actors that tours a classical repertory throughout America. The link between professional theatre and training is important to Zelda as a means \"to attract young people to the benefits of company work and to train them to perform in the broadest repertory.\" The idea of \"company\" has animated her work since the beginning, and her goal now is to establish in New York an acting company composed primarily of graduates from the Graduate Acting Program. Many agents, casting directors, and stage directors consider the Program at Tisch to be the most innovative and creative in the country.","Zelda has received the National Medal of the Arts, awarded in 1997 by President Clinton, the Common Wealth Award for distinguished service to the dramatic arts, The Brandeis University Creative Arts award, The Acting Company's John Houseman Award for commitment to the development of young American actors, the Margo Jones Award for the production of new plays, Washingtonian of the Year Award, the Ortho 21st Century Women Trailblazer Award, and the Society for Stage Directors and Choreographers George Abbott Award. The New York commercial theatre world awarded Zelda and Arena Stage the Antoinette Perry or 'Tony' Award in 1976, the first to be given to a company outside New York. In 1999 she was inducted into the Theatre Hall of Fame, making her the first artistic leader outside of New York to receive this honor.","Processed by Special Collections and Archives staff.","Special Collections and Archives holds the Arena Stage records.","This collection contains the working and personal papers of Zelda Fichandler.  Items include correspondence regarding productions, staff, finances, playwrights and actors as well as personal matters and speeches and remarks given by Zelda.","The bulk of collection contains Zelda's research of plays including; playbills and programs, reviews, articles, correspondence regarding plays and their past productions and audience response letters.\nItems of note include many papers regarding the original production of The Great White Hope, and information regarding Arena Stages tour of Russia in 1973.","Loose in box.","Large audio cassette case.","This was a seminar class Fichlander taught at Boston University.","Handwritten notes in margins","One script is in the original German.","Drawings related to this folder in Box 46B","unfastened, loose pages","Playbill unfastened, loose pages","Playbill unfastened, loose pages","unfastend, loose pages","includes regrets from President Carter and Vice President Mondale","correspondence and information pertaining to Soviet Jewry and Arena Stage's tour of the USSR in 1973","planning materials","offical banner, information and programs","brochures and programs","correspondence, articles and misc. materials","brochures","programs (9)","misc. materials","invitations and planning materials","invitations and planning materials","news clippings, \"a look back at the 70's\"","RSVP cards and planning materials","planning materials","planning materials","nomination forms, invitations, correspondence","correspondence and information","budget","includes photos with President Ford and Nancy Regan","Most material in Russian","Material in Russian","There are no restrictions.","This collection contains the working and personal papers of Zelda Fichandler.  Items include correspondence regarding productions, staff, finances, playwrights and actors as well as personal matters and speeches and remarks given by Zelda.","George Mason University. Special Collections and Archives.","Arena Stage (Organization : Washington, D.C.)","Zelda Fichandler","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Zelda Fichandler papers, 1950/2000"],"collection_ssim":["Zelda Fichandler papers, 1950/2000"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0010"],"unitid_tesim":["C0010"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"creator_ssm":["Zelda Fichandler"],"creator_ssim":["Zelda Fichandler"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Zelda Fichandler"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Special Collections and Archives.","Arena Stage (Organization : Washington, D.C.)"],"creators_ssim":["Zelda Fichandler","George Mason University. Special Collections and Archives.","Arena Stage (Organization : Washington, D.C.)"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donated by Arena Stage in 2000."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Theater--Washington (D.C.)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Theater--Washington (D.C.)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["104.5 linear ft.; 209 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["104.5 linear ft.; 209 boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to research.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOrganized by folder.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Organized by folder."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eZelda Fichandler was the Founding Director of Arena Stage in Washington, D.C. and its primary artistic force from 1950-1990. Her history-making example, force of personality, and eloquence as a speaker and writer have made her a leading national figure in the performing arts and Arena Stage a model for scores of cultural institutions established around the country. Zelda's personal vision for theatre has had a transforming effect on the entire field, switching the axis from Broadway to the rest of the nation in the production of new work. She is considered a parent of the regional theatre in America.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e\nZelda embraced a vast sweep of dramatic literature which reverberated through the commercial and non-commercial theatre world and into film and television. She directed many of Arena's productions including Mrs. Klein, Uncle Vanya, The Three Sisters, Death of a Salesman, An Enemy of the People, Six Characters in Search of an Author, and A Doll House; and the American premieres of new Eastern European works, Duck Hunting, The Ascent of Mt. Fuji, and Screenplay. Arena Stage was the first American theatre company, sponsored by the State Department, to tour the then-Soviet Union. Her Inherit the Wind played in Moscow and St. Petersburg in 1973, the company performed her After the Fall at the 1980 Hong Kong Arts Festival, and in 1987, her production of The Crucible appeared at the Israel Festival in Jerusalem.\nAs a producer, Zelda nurtured all of Arena's plays, making a home for important European playwrights like Brecht, Frisch, Ionesco, Mrozek, and Orkeny, alongside significant American revivals of works by Albee, Miller, Williams, O'Neill, Thornton Wilder, Kaufman and Hart and classics by Shakespeare, Shaw, Moliere, Ibsen, and others. Broadway, too, has felt the impact of Zelda's work, especially with the development of new plays. The Great White Hope, Indians, Moonchildren, Pueblo, A History of the American Film, The Madness of God, Raisin, and K2 all started at Arena Stage. She left the artistic leadership of Arena in 1991 to her close associate, Douglas C. Wager.\nZelda also made Arena the theatre of the \"second chance,\" where plays like Summer of the 17th Doll, Saturday, Sunday, Monday, and The Comedians found life after commercial failure in New York.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e\nZelda's concern for the development of young actors led her, in 1984, to take on, in addition, the role of Chair of the Graduate Acting Program and Master Teacher of Acting and Directing at New York University's Tisch School of the Arts, a position which she continues to fill. Graduates of this premier program now occupy leading positions in film, television, and the stage, winning top awards in the various media. From 1991 through 1994, she also served as the Artistic Director of The Acting Company, a young company of actors that tours a classical repertory throughout America. The link between professional theatre and training is important to Zelda as a means \"to attract young people to the benefits of company work and to train them to perform in the broadest repertory.\" The idea of \"company\" has animated her work since the beginning, and her goal now is to establish in New York an acting company composed primarily of graduates from the Graduate Acting Program. Many agents, casting directors, and stage directors consider the Program at Tisch to be the most innovative and creative in the country.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e\nZelda has received the National Medal of the Arts, awarded in 1997 by President Clinton, the Common Wealth Award for distinguished service to the dramatic arts, The Brandeis University Creative Arts award, The Acting Company's John Houseman Award for commitment to the development of young American actors, the Margo Jones Award for the production of new plays, Washingtonian of the Year Award, the Ortho 21st Century Women Trailblazer Award, and the Society for Stage Directors and Choreographers George Abbott Award. The New York commercial theatre world awarded Zelda and Arena Stage the Antoinette Perry or 'Tony' Award in 1976, the first to be given to a company outside New York. In 1999 she was inducted into the Theatre Hall of Fame, making her the first artistic leader outside of New York to receive this honor.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Zelda Fichandler was the Founding Director of Arena Stage in Washington, D.C. and its primary artistic force from 1950-1990. Her history-making example, force of personality, and eloquence as a speaker and writer have made her a leading national figure in the performing arts and Arena Stage a model for scores of cultural institutions established around the country. Zelda's personal vision for theatre has had a transforming effect on the entire field, switching the axis from Broadway to the rest of the nation in the production of new work. She is considered a parent of the regional theatre in America.","Zelda embraced a vast sweep of dramatic literature which reverberated through the commercial and non-commercial theatre world and into film and television. She directed many of Arena's productions including Mrs. Klein, Uncle Vanya, The Three Sisters, Death of a Salesman, An Enemy of the People, Six Characters in Search of an Author, and A Doll House; and the American premieres of new Eastern European works, Duck Hunting, The Ascent of Mt. Fuji, and Screenplay. Arena Stage was the first American theatre company, sponsored by the State Department, to tour the then-Soviet Union. Her Inherit the Wind played in Moscow and St. Petersburg in 1973, the company performed her After the Fall at the 1980 Hong Kong Arts Festival, and in 1987, her production of The Crucible appeared at the Israel Festival in Jerusalem.\nAs a producer, Zelda nurtured all of Arena's plays, making a home for important European playwrights like Brecht, Frisch, Ionesco, Mrozek, and Orkeny, alongside significant American revivals of works by Albee, Miller, Williams, O'Neill, Thornton Wilder, Kaufman and Hart and classics by Shakespeare, Shaw, Moliere, Ibsen, and others. Broadway, too, has felt the impact of Zelda's work, especially with the development of new plays. The Great White Hope, Indians, Moonchildren, Pueblo, A History of the American Film, The Madness of God, Raisin, and K2 all started at Arena Stage. She left the artistic leadership of Arena in 1991 to her close associate, Douglas C. Wager.\nZelda also made Arena the theatre of the \"second chance,\" where plays like Summer of the 17th Doll, Saturday, Sunday, Monday, and The Comedians found life after commercial failure in New York.","Zelda's concern for the development of young actors led her, in 1984, to take on, in addition, the role of Chair of the Graduate Acting Program and Master Teacher of Acting and Directing at New York University's Tisch School of the Arts, a position which she continues to fill. Graduates of this premier program now occupy leading positions in film, television, and the stage, winning top awards in the various media. From 1991 through 1994, she also served as the Artistic Director of The Acting Company, a young company of actors that tours a classical repertory throughout America. The link between professional theatre and training is important to Zelda as a means \"to attract young people to the benefits of company work and to train them to perform in the broadest repertory.\" The idea of \"company\" has animated her work since the beginning, and her goal now is to establish in New York an acting company composed primarily of graduates from the Graduate Acting Program. Many agents, casting directors, and stage directors consider the Program at Tisch to be the most innovative and creative in the country.","Zelda has received the National Medal of the Arts, awarded in 1997 by President Clinton, the Common Wealth Award for distinguished service to the dramatic arts, The Brandeis University Creative Arts award, The Acting Company's John Houseman Award for commitment to the development of young American actors, the Margo Jones Award for the production of new plays, Washingtonian of the Year Award, the Ortho 21st Century Women Trailblazer Award, and the Society for Stage Directors and Choreographers George Abbott Award. The New York commercial theatre world awarded Zelda and Arena Stage the Antoinette Perry or 'Tony' Award in 1976, the first to be given to a company outside New York. In 1999 she was inducted into the Theatre Hall of Fame, making her the first artistic leader outside of New York to receive this honor."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eZelda Fichandler papers, Collection #C0017, Special Collections and Archives, George Mason University.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"prefercite_tesim":["Zelda Fichandler papers, Collection #C0017, Special Collections and Archives, George Mason University."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed by Special Collections and Archives staff.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed by Special Collections and Archives staff."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSpecial Collections and Archives holds the Arena Stage records.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Special Collections and Archives holds the Arena Stage records."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains the working and personal papers of Zelda Fichandler.  Items include correspondence regarding productions, staff, finances, playwrights and actors as well as personal matters and speeches and remarks given by Zelda.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e\nThe bulk of collection contains Zelda's research of plays including; playbills and programs, reviews, articles, correspondence regarding plays and their past productions and audience response letters.\nItems of note include many papers regarding the original production of The Great White Hope, and information regarding Arena Stages tour of Russia in 1973.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n    ","\u003cp\u003eLoose in box.\u003c/p\u003e\n          ","\u003cp\u003eLarge audio cassette case.\u003c/p\u003e\n          ","\u003cp\u003eThis was a seminar class Fichlander taught at Boston University.\n\t\u003c/p\u003e\n          ","\u003cp\u003eHandwritten notes in margins\n\t\u003c/p\u003e\n          ","\u003cp\u003eOne script is in the original German.\n\t\u003c/p\u003e\n          ","\u003cp\u003eDrawings related to this folder in Box 46B\n\t\u003c/p\u003e\n          ","\u003cp\u003eunfastened, loose pages\n\t\u003c/p\u003e\n          ","\u003cp\u003ePlaybill unfastened, loose pages\n\t\u003c/p\u003e\n          ","\u003cp\u003ePlaybill unfastened, loose pages\n\t\u003c/p\u003e\n          ","\u003cp\u003eunfastend, loose pages\n\t\u003c/p\u003e\n          ","\u003cp\u003eincludes regrets from President Carter and Vice President Mondale\n\t\u003c/p\u003e\n          ","\u003cp\u003ecorrespondence and information pertaining to Soviet Jewry and Arena Stage's tour of the USSR in 1973\n\t\u003c/p\u003e\n          ","\u003cp\u003eplanning materials\n\t\u003c/p\u003e\n          ","\u003cp\u003eoffical banner, information and programs\n\t\u003c/p\u003e\n          ","\u003cp\u003ebrochures and programs\n\t\u003c/p\u003e\n          ","\u003cp\u003ecorrespondence, articles and misc. materials\n\t\u003c/p\u003e\n          ","\u003cp\u003ebrochures\n\t\u003c/p\u003e\n          ","\u003cp\u003eprograms (9)\n\t\u003c/p\u003e\n          ","\u003cp\u003emisc. materials\n\t\u003c/p\u003e\n          ","\u003cp\u003einvitations and planning materials\n\t\u003c/p\u003e\n          ","\u003cp\u003einvitations and planning materials\n\t\u003c/p\u003e\n          ","\u003cp\u003enews clippings, \"a look back at the 70's\"\n\t\u003c/p\u003e\n          ","\u003cp\u003eRSVP cards and planning materials\n\t\u003c/p\u003e\n          ","\u003cp\u003eplanning materials\n\t\u003c/p\u003e\n          ","\u003cp\u003eplanning materials\n\t\u003c/p\u003e\n          ","\u003cp\u003enomination forms, invitations, correspondence\n\t\u003c/p\u003e\n          ","\u003cp\u003ecorrespondence and information\n\t\u003c/p\u003e\n          ","\u003cp\u003ebudget\n\t\u003c/p\u003e\n          ","\u003cp\u003eincludes photos with President Ford and Nancy Regan\n\t\u003c/p\u003e\n          ","\u003cp\u003eMost material in Russian\n\t\u003c/p\u003e\n          ","\u003cp\u003eMaterial in Russian\n\t\u003c/p\u003e\n          "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains the working and personal papers of Zelda Fichandler.  Items include correspondence regarding productions, staff, finances, playwrights and actors as well as personal matters and speeches and remarks given by Zelda.","The bulk of collection contains Zelda's research of plays including; playbills and programs, reviews, articles, correspondence regarding plays and their past productions and audience response letters.\nItems of note include many papers regarding the original production of The Great White Hope, and information regarding Arena Stages tour of Russia in 1973.","Loose in box.","Large audio cassette case.","This was a seminar class Fichlander taught at Boston University.","Handwritten notes in margins","One script is in the original German.","Drawings related to this folder in Box 46B","unfastened, loose pages","Playbill unfastened, loose pages","Playbill unfastened, loose pages","unfastend, loose pages","includes regrets from President Carter and Vice President Mondale","correspondence and information pertaining to Soviet Jewry and Arena Stage's tour of the USSR in 1973","planning materials","offical banner, information and programs","brochures and programs","correspondence, articles and misc. materials","brochures","programs (9)","misc. materials","invitations and planning materials","invitations and planning materials","news clippings, \"a look back at the 70's\"","RSVP cards and planning materials","planning materials","planning materials","nomination forms, invitations, correspondence","correspondence and information","budget","includes photos with President Ford and Nancy Regan","Most material in Russian","Material in Russian"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThis collection contains the working and personal papers of Zelda Fichandler.  Items include correspondence regarding productions, staff, finances, playwrights and actors as well as personal matters and speeches and remarks given by Zelda.\n\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["This collection contains the working and personal papers of Zelda Fichandler.  Items include correspondence regarding productions, staff, finances, playwrights and actors as well as personal matters and speeches and remarks given by Zelda."],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Special Collections and Archives.","Arena Stage (Organization : Washington, D.C.)"],"persname_ssim":["Zelda Fichandler"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Special Collections and Archives.","Arena Stage (Organization : Washington, D.C.)","Zelda Fichandler"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":2919,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:56:58.033Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_vifgm00092"}},{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_574","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Zelda K. Nordlinger Papers, 1970/2008","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_574#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Nordlinger, Zelda Kingoff","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_574#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Zelda K. Nordlinger Papers, 1970-2008, is a collection of files used by Richmond, Virginia feminist and women's rights activist Zelda Kingoff Nordlinger. The papers provide insight into the second-wave feminist movement in the Richmond area with examples of the experiences, methods of activism, and organizations Nordlinger and her colleagues used to further their goals. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_574#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_574","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_574","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_574","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_574","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VCU/repositories_5_resources_574.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Nordlinger, Zelda K., Papers","title_ssm":["Zelda K. Nordlinger Papers"],"title_tesim":["Zelda K. Nordlinger Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1970-2008"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1970-2008"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1970/2008"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Zelda K. Nordlinger Papers, 1970/2008"],"text":["Zelda K. Nordlinger Papers, 1970/2008","M 89","/repositories/5/resources/574","Women -- Political activity -- Virginia -- Richmond","Women's rights","The collection is open for research.","The collection is arranged into two series: Series 1: Personal Files, 1970-2008 and Series 2: Subject Files, 1972-2000.","Series 1\n        Personal Files, 1970-2008\n      \n      \n        Series 2\n        Subject Files, 1972-2000","Zelda Kingoff Nordlinger was an active particpant in movements for women's rights in Richmond, Virginia and co-founder of the Richmond branch of the National Organization for Women (NOW). She was born on January 29, 1932, in Greenville, South Carolina to Joseph Kingoff and Alice Heiner Kingoff. She graduated from Thomas Jefferson High School in 1950. She later attended Marjorie Webster Jr. College in Washington, D.C. in 1952 and Sally Tompkins School of Practical Nursing in 1963. She married Martin Stanford Nordlinger (1930-2002) in 1963. Nordlinger later attended Virginia Commonwealth University graduating with a Bachelor of General Studies degree in 1985.","Nordlinger was a staunch advocate for the national legalization of abortion. Prior to the Roe v. Wade decision in 1973, she assisted women in Richmond in finding legal avenues for safe abortions. She co-founded the Richmond chapter of the National Organization for Women (NOW) with Mary Holt Woolfolk Carlton in 1969, gaining its charter in 1973. She maintained membership with multiple women's activism groups in the Richmond area including the Women's Lobby of Virginia, Virginia Foundation for Women (VFW), and Planned Parenthood.","As a member of NOW, Nordlinger participated in various efforts in the Richmond area to ensure reproductive rights, rape victim protection, and to end sexual segregation. She led a sit-in to integrate the all-male soup bar of the Richmond Thalhimers Department Store in 1970. At NOW conventions and demonstrations, she often delivered speeches discussing various topics in regard to women's rights. Additionally, Nordlinger furthered her activism as a freelance writer, composing essays and short stories which highlighted the social injustices women faced. Nordlinger regularly submitted her writings for publication in feminist and mainstream magazines such as The Back Page, The New Yorker, and Ms. Magazine.","Nordlinger died March 18, 2008, in Richmond, Virginia.","Sources:","Robertson, Ellen and McKelway, Bill. \"Zelda K. Nordlinger, feminist activist, dies,\" Richmond Times-Dispatch.   (Article link)","VCU Libraries, VCU Libraries Digital Collections, Zelda Kingoff Nordlinger Interviews. \n (Interview link)","The Zelda K. Nordlinger Papers, 1970-2008, is a collection of files used by Richmond, Virginia feminist and women's rights activist Zelda Kingoff Nordlinger. The papers provide insight into the second-wave feminist movement in the Richmond area with examples of the experiences, methods of activism, and organizations Nordlinger and her colleagues used to further their goals.","Series 1: Personal Files, 1970-2008: The bulk of the collection is comprised of the personal papers of Zelda Nordlinger regarding her work in women's activism in the Richmond area. The material consists of various newsletters, mailings, and pamphlets distributed by feminist groups to disseminate information relevant to their goals. Much of the material focuses on lobbying for the ratification of the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) or other legislation to further the rights held by women.","Included with these materials is Nordlinger's collection of political and activist buttons. The buttons display images and messages related to Nordlinger's areas of interest such as the ratification the ERA, advocating for abortion rights, and promoting women's equality.","Informational pamphlets within the collections explore topics ranging from the effects of rape on society, the role of women throughout history, women's medical rights, and the roles of consent in relationships. Others act as political promotional material, often supporting feminist-oriented candidates for office or new legislation, such as the ERA and bills supporting LGBTQ rights. A series of pamphlets in Dutch is also included in the collection, exploring sexism in the Netherlands and its effects on wages and women's roles in Dutch society in the 1970s.","Correspondence written by and to Nordlinger provides insight into Nordlinger's professional and personal life. Professional correspondence provides examples of negotiations with publishers for her short stories and essays, donation of personal materials to libraries in Virginia, and coordinating events such as NOW meetings. Personal correspondence provides an emotional viewpoint of the feminist movement in the Richmond area, as letters by Nordlinger and various Richmond women explain the impact which the women's movement has played on their lives.","Examples of Nordlinger's speeches, research notes, and personal and professional correspondence are represented in the collection. Speech note cards created for use by Nordlinger in delivering speeches and presentations on women's issues provide examples of the most pertinent issues for Nordlinger, such as the impact of pornography on women. Research notes contain information compiled by Nordlinger from various sources for use in her writings. Such writings include several short stories portraying the struggles of women in modern society, as well as historical essays examining how world politics affect women globally. Examples of her works are represented in this series as selections of essays and short stories.","Series 2: Subject Files, 1972-2000: The collection also contains a significant compilation of subject files which Nordlinger used for research into topics related to women's advocacy. These subject files are comprised of newspaper articles and magazine features which focus on then-contemporary analyses of the place of women in various aspects of society. Such topics explored in the subject files include women's fight for the right of abortion, the impacts of feminism, and the detrimental effects of pornography on the roles of women.","Additionally, Series 2 includes assorted magazines which Nordlinger used in her research, such as multiple issues of the feminist-oriented publications Ms. Magazine, The Woman's Calendar, and Mother Jones. Other magazines used for her research include the first issue of Playgirl and an issue of Time. All magazines used in Nordlinger's research contain articles regarding the benefits of feminist attitudes or examples of why feminism is needed in modern society.","Nordlinger's collection of 80 political and feminist activist buttons. The buttons display images and messages relevant to promoting Nordlinger's activism, many including messages to ratify the ERA, advocate the right to abortion, and general desire for women's equality. The buttons are displayed on a plank of foam-core board. Each button is idtentified by a number in bottom right corner of each corresponding button.","These files contain a series of audio cassettes with recorded audio of various speeches and presentations regarding feminist ideals. Several cassettes were recorded by Nordlinger while attending events. Others were purchased previously-recorded lectures. The cassettes are stored in file folders for ease of access and storage.","These files contain a series of audio cassettes with recorded audio of various speeches and presentations regarding feminist ideals. Several cassettes were recorded by Nordlinger while attending events. Others were purchased previously-recorded lectures. The cassettes are stored in file folders for ease of access and storage.","There are no restrictions.","VCU James Branch Cabell Library","National Organization for Women","Nordlinger, Zelda Kingoff","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Zelda K. Nordlinger Papers, 1970/2008"],"collection_ssim":["Zelda K. Nordlinger Papers, 1970/2008"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["M 89","/repositories/5/resources/574"],"unitid_tesim":["M 89","/repositories/5/resources/574"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"creator_ssm":["Nordlinger, Zelda Kingoff","Nordlinger, Zelda Kingoff"],"creator_ssim":["Nordlinger, Zelda Kingoff","Nordlinger, Zelda Kingoff"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Nordlinger, Zelda Kingoff"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","National Organization for Women"],"creators_ssim":["Nordlinger, Zelda Kingoff","VCU James Branch Cabell Library","National Organization for Women"],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no restrictions."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gift of Zelda K. 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She was born on January 29, 1932, in Greenville, South Carolina to Joseph Kingoff and Alice Heiner Kingoff. She graduated from Thomas Jefferson High School in 1950. She later attended Marjorie Webster Jr. College in Washington, D.C. in 1952 and Sally Tompkins School of Practical Nursing in 1963. She married Martin Stanford Nordlinger (1930-2002) in 1963. Nordlinger later attended Virginia Commonwealth University graduating with a Bachelor of General Studies degree in 1985.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNordlinger was a staunch advocate for the national legalization of abortion. Prior to the Roe v. Wade decision in 1973, she assisted women in Richmond in finding legal avenues for safe abortions. She co-founded the Richmond chapter of the National Organization for Women (NOW) with Mary Holt Woolfolk Carlton in 1969, gaining its charter in 1973. She maintained membership with multiple women's activism groups in the Richmond area including the Women's Lobby of Virginia, Virginia Foundation for Women (VFW), and Planned Parenthood. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAs a member of NOW, Nordlinger participated in various efforts in the Richmond area to ensure reproductive rights, rape victim protection, and to end sexual segregation. She led a sit-in to integrate the all-male soup bar of the Richmond Thalhimers Department Store in 1970. At NOW conventions and demonstrations, she often delivered speeches discussing various topics in regard to women's rights. Additionally, Nordlinger furthered her activism as a freelance writer, composing essays and short stories which highlighted the social injustices women faced. Nordlinger regularly submitted her writings for publication in feminist and mainstream magazines such as \u003ctitle\u003eThe Back Page\u003c/title\u003e, \u003ctitle\u003eThe New Yorker\u003c/title\u003e, and \u003ctitle\u003eMs. Magazine\u003c/title\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNordlinger died March 18, 2008, in Richmond, Virginia. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSources:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRobertson, Ellen and McKelway, Bill. \"Zelda K. Nordlinger, feminist activist, dies,\" \u003ctitle\u003eRichmond Times-Dispatch\u003c/title\u003e.  \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.richmond.com/entertainment/zelda-k-nordlinger-feminist-activist-dies/article_179f2bbf-6612-52f0-a8c7-77d83f243385.html\"\u003e (Article link) \u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVCU Libraries, VCU Libraries Digital Collections, Zelda Kingoff Nordlinger Interviews. \n\u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://digital.library.vcu.edu/islandora/object/vcu%3Aohi?page=1\"\u003e (Interview link)\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Zelda Kingoff Nordlinger was an active particpant in movements for women's rights in Richmond, Virginia and co-founder of the Richmond branch of the National Organization for Women (NOW). She was born on January 29, 1932, in Greenville, South Carolina to Joseph Kingoff and Alice Heiner Kingoff. She graduated from Thomas Jefferson High School in 1950. She later attended Marjorie Webster Jr. College in Washington, D.C. in 1952 and Sally Tompkins School of Practical Nursing in 1963. She married Martin Stanford Nordlinger (1930-2002) in 1963. Nordlinger later attended Virginia Commonwealth University graduating with a Bachelor of General Studies degree in 1985.","Nordlinger was a staunch advocate for the national legalization of abortion. Prior to the Roe v. Wade decision in 1973, she assisted women in Richmond in finding legal avenues for safe abortions. She co-founded the Richmond chapter of the National Organization for Women (NOW) with Mary Holt Woolfolk Carlton in 1969, gaining its charter in 1973. She maintained membership with multiple women's activism groups in the Richmond area including the Women's Lobby of Virginia, Virginia Foundation for Women (VFW), and Planned Parenthood.","As a member of NOW, Nordlinger participated in various efforts in the Richmond area to ensure reproductive rights, rape victim protection, and to end sexual segregation. She led a sit-in to integrate the all-male soup bar of the Richmond Thalhimers Department Store in 1970. At NOW conventions and demonstrations, she often delivered speeches discussing various topics in regard to women's rights. Additionally, Nordlinger furthered her activism as a freelance writer, composing essays and short stories which highlighted the social injustices women faced. Nordlinger regularly submitted her writings for publication in feminist and mainstream magazines such as The Back Page, The New Yorker, and Ms. Magazine.","Nordlinger died March 18, 2008, in Richmond, Virginia.","Sources:","Robertson, Ellen and McKelway, Bill. \"Zelda K. Nordlinger, feminist activist, dies,\" Richmond Times-Dispatch.   (Article link)","VCU Libraries, VCU Libraries Digital Collections, Zelda Kingoff Nordlinger Interviews. \n (Interview link)"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eZelda K. Nordlinger papers, 1970-2008, Collection # M 089, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Zelda K. Nordlinger papers, 1970-2008, Collection # M 089, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Zelda K. Nordlinger Papers, 1970-2008, is a collection of files used by Richmond, Virginia feminist and women's rights activist Zelda Kingoff Nordlinger. The papers provide insight into the second-wave feminist movement in the Richmond area with examples of the experiences, methods of activism, and organizations Nordlinger and her colleagues used to further their goals. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1: Personal Files, 1970-2008: The bulk of the collection is comprised of the personal papers of Zelda Nordlinger regarding her work in women's activism in the Richmond area. The material consists of various newsletters, mailings, and pamphlets distributed by feminist groups to disseminate information relevant to their goals. Much of the material focuses on lobbying for the ratification of the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) or other legislation to further the rights held by women. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluded with these materials is Nordlinger's collection of political and activist buttons. The buttons display images and messages related to Nordlinger's areas of interest such as the ratification the ERA, advocating for abortion rights, and promoting women's equality. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInformational pamphlets within the collections explore topics ranging from the effects of rape on society, the role of women throughout history, women's medical rights, and the roles of consent in relationships. Others act as political promotional material, often supporting feminist-oriented candidates for office or new legislation, such as the ERA and bills supporting LGBTQ rights. A series of pamphlets in Dutch is also included in the collection, exploring sexism in the Netherlands and its effects on wages and women's roles in Dutch society in the 1970s.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence written by and to Nordlinger provides insight into Nordlinger's professional and personal life. Professional correspondence provides examples of negotiations with publishers for her short stories and essays, donation of personal materials to libraries in Virginia, and coordinating events such as NOW meetings. Personal correspondence provides an emotional viewpoint of the feminist movement in the Richmond area, as letters by Nordlinger and various Richmond women explain the impact which the women's movement has played on their lives.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eExamples of Nordlinger's speeches, research notes, and personal and professional correspondence are represented in the collection. Speech note cards created for use by Nordlinger in delivering speeches and presentations on women's issues provide examples of the most pertinent issues for Nordlinger, such as the impact of pornography on women. Research notes contain information compiled by Nordlinger from various sources for use in her writings. Such writings include several short stories portraying the struggles of women in modern society, as well as historical essays examining how world politics affect women globally. Examples of her works are represented in this series as selections of essays and short stories. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2: Subject Files, 1972-2000: The collection also contains a significant compilation of subject files which Nordlinger used for research into topics related to women's advocacy. These subject files are comprised of newspaper articles and magazine features which focus on then-contemporary analyses of the place of women in various aspects of society. Such topics explored in the subject files include women's fight for the right of abortion, the impacts of feminism, and the detrimental effects of pornography on the roles of women. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAdditionally, Series 2 includes assorted magazines which Nordlinger used in her research, such as multiple issues of the feminist-oriented publications \u003ctitle\u003eMs. Magazine\u003c/title\u003e, \u003ctitle\u003eThe Woman's Calendar\u003c/title\u003e, and \u003ctitle\u003eMother Jones\u003c/title\u003e. Other magazines used for her research include the first issue of \u003ctitle\u003ePlaygirl\u003c/title\u003e and an issue of \u003ctitle\u003eTime\u003c/title\u003e. All magazines used in Nordlinger's research contain articles regarding the benefits of feminist attitudes or examples of why feminism is needed in modern society.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eNordlinger's collection of 80 political and feminist activist buttons. The buttons display images and messages relevant to promoting Nordlinger's activism, many including messages to ratify the ERA, advocate the right to abortion, and general desire for women's equality. The buttons are displayed on a plank of foam-core board. Each button is idtentified by a number in bottom right corner of each corresponding button.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThese files contain a series of audio cassettes with recorded audio of various speeches and presentations regarding feminist ideals. Several cassettes were recorded by Nordlinger while attending events. Others were purchased previously-recorded lectures. The cassettes are stored in file folders for ease of access and storage.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThese files contain a series of audio cassettes with recorded audio of various speeches and presentations regarding feminist ideals. Several cassettes were recorded by Nordlinger while attending events. Others were purchased previously-recorded lectures. The cassettes are stored in file folders for ease of access and storage.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Zelda K. Nordlinger Papers, 1970-2008, is a collection of files used by Richmond, Virginia feminist and women's rights activist Zelda Kingoff Nordlinger. The papers provide insight into the second-wave feminist movement in the Richmond area with examples of the experiences, methods of activism, and organizations Nordlinger and her colleagues used to further their goals.","Series 1: Personal Files, 1970-2008: The bulk of the collection is comprised of the personal papers of Zelda Nordlinger regarding her work in women's activism in the Richmond area. The material consists of various newsletters, mailings, and pamphlets distributed by feminist groups to disseminate information relevant to their goals. Much of the material focuses on lobbying for the ratification of the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) or other legislation to further the rights held by women.","Included with these materials is Nordlinger's collection of political and activist buttons. The buttons display images and messages related to Nordlinger's areas of interest such as the ratification the ERA, advocating for abortion rights, and promoting women's equality.","Informational pamphlets within the collections explore topics ranging from the effects of rape on society, the role of women throughout history, women's medical rights, and the roles of consent in relationships. Others act as political promotional material, often supporting feminist-oriented candidates for office or new legislation, such as the ERA and bills supporting LGBTQ rights. A series of pamphlets in Dutch is also included in the collection, exploring sexism in the Netherlands and its effects on wages and women's roles in Dutch society in the 1970s.","Correspondence written by and to Nordlinger provides insight into Nordlinger's professional and personal life. Professional correspondence provides examples of negotiations with publishers for her short stories and essays, donation of personal materials to libraries in Virginia, and coordinating events such as NOW meetings. Personal correspondence provides an emotional viewpoint of the feminist movement in the Richmond area, as letters by Nordlinger and various Richmond women explain the impact which the women's movement has played on their lives.","Examples of Nordlinger's speeches, research notes, and personal and professional correspondence are represented in the collection. Speech note cards created for use by Nordlinger in delivering speeches and presentations on women's issues provide examples of the most pertinent issues for Nordlinger, such as the impact of pornography on women. Research notes contain information compiled by Nordlinger from various sources for use in her writings. Such writings include several short stories portraying the struggles of women in modern society, as well as historical essays examining how world politics affect women globally. Examples of her works are represented in this series as selections of essays and short stories.","Series 2: Subject Files, 1972-2000: The collection also contains a significant compilation of subject files which Nordlinger used for research into topics related to women's advocacy. These subject files are comprised of newspaper articles and magazine features which focus on then-contemporary analyses of the place of women in various aspects of society. Such topics explored in the subject files include women's fight for the right of abortion, the impacts of feminism, and the detrimental effects of pornography on the roles of women.","Additionally, Series 2 includes assorted magazines which Nordlinger used in her research, such as multiple issues of the feminist-oriented publications Ms. Magazine, The Woman's Calendar, and Mother Jones. Other magazines used for her research include the first issue of Playgirl and an issue of Time. All magazines used in Nordlinger's research contain articles regarding the benefits of feminist attitudes or examples of why feminism is needed in modern society.","Nordlinger's collection of 80 political and feminist activist buttons. The buttons display images and messages relevant to promoting Nordlinger's activism, many including messages to ratify the ERA, advocate the right to abortion, and general desire for women's equality. The buttons are displayed on a plank of foam-core board. Each button is idtentified by a number in bottom right corner of each corresponding button.","These files contain a series of audio cassettes with recorded audio of various speeches and presentations regarding feminist ideals. Several cassettes were recorded by Nordlinger while attending events. Others were purchased previously-recorded lectures. The cassettes are stored in file folders for ease of access and storage.","These files contain a series of audio cassettes with recorded audio of various speeches and presentations regarding feminist ideals. Several cassettes were recorded by Nordlinger while attending events. Others were purchased previously-recorded lectures. The cassettes are stored in file folders for ease of access and storage."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"corpname_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","National Organization for Women"],"names_coll_ssim":["National Organization for Women","Nordlinger, Zelda Kingoff","Nordlinger, Zelda Kingoff"],"persname_ssim":["Nordlinger, Zelda Kingoff"],"names_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","National Organization for Women","Nordlinger, Zelda Kingoff"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":73,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:07:16.781Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_574","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_574","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_574","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_574","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VCU/repositories_5_resources_574.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Nordlinger, Zelda K., Papers","title_ssm":["Zelda K. Nordlinger Papers"],"title_tesim":["Zelda K. Nordlinger Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1970-2008"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1970-2008"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1970/2008"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Zelda K. Nordlinger Papers, 1970/2008"],"text":["Zelda K. Nordlinger Papers, 1970/2008","M 89","/repositories/5/resources/574","Women -- Political activity -- Virginia -- Richmond","Women's rights","The collection is open for research.","The collection is arranged into two series: Series 1: Personal Files, 1970-2008 and Series 2: Subject Files, 1972-2000.","Series 1\n        Personal Files, 1970-2008\n      \n      \n        Series 2\n        Subject Files, 1972-2000","Zelda Kingoff Nordlinger was an active particpant in movements for women's rights in Richmond, Virginia and co-founder of the Richmond branch of the National Organization for Women (NOW). She was born on January 29, 1932, in Greenville, South Carolina to Joseph Kingoff and Alice Heiner Kingoff. She graduated from Thomas Jefferson High School in 1950. She later attended Marjorie Webster Jr. College in Washington, D.C. in 1952 and Sally Tompkins School of Practical Nursing in 1963. She married Martin Stanford Nordlinger (1930-2002) in 1963. Nordlinger later attended Virginia Commonwealth University graduating with a Bachelor of General Studies degree in 1985.","Nordlinger was a staunch advocate for the national legalization of abortion. Prior to the Roe v. Wade decision in 1973, she assisted women in Richmond in finding legal avenues for safe abortions. She co-founded the Richmond chapter of the National Organization for Women (NOW) with Mary Holt Woolfolk Carlton in 1969, gaining its charter in 1973. She maintained membership with multiple women's activism groups in the Richmond area including the Women's Lobby of Virginia, Virginia Foundation for Women (VFW), and Planned Parenthood.","As a member of NOW, Nordlinger participated in various efforts in the Richmond area to ensure reproductive rights, rape victim protection, and to end sexual segregation. She led a sit-in to integrate the all-male soup bar of the Richmond Thalhimers Department Store in 1970. At NOW conventions and demonstrations, she often delivered speeches discussing various topics in regard to women's rights. Additionally, Nordlinger furthered her activism as a freelance writer, composing essays and short stories which highlighted the social injustices women faced. Nordlinger regularly submitted her writings for publication in feminist and mainstream magazines such as The Back Page, The New Yorker, and Ms. Magazine.","Nordlinger died March 18, 2008, in Richmond, Virginia.","Sources:","Robertson, Ellen and McKelway, Bill. \"Zelda K. Nordlinger, feminist activist, dies,\" Richmond Times-Dispatch.   (Article link)","VCU Libraries, VCU Libraries Digital Collections, Zelda Kingoff Nordlinger Interviews. \n (Interview link)","The Zelda K. Nordlinger Papers, 1970-2008, is a collection of files used by Richmond, Virginia feminist and women's rights activist Zelda Kingoff Nordlinger. The papers provide insight into the second-wave feminist movement in the Richmond area with examples of the experiences, methods of activism, and organizations Nordlinger and her colleagues used to further their goals.","Series 1: Personal Files, 1970-2008: The bulk of the collection is comprised of the personal papers of Zelda Nordlinger regarding her work in women's activism in the Richmond area. The material consists of various newsletters, mailings, and pamphlets distributed by feminist groups to disseminate information relevant to their goals. Much of the material focuses on lobbying for the ratification of the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) or other legislation to further the rights held by women.","Included with these materials is Nordlinger's collection of political and activist buttons. The buttons display images and messages related to Nordlinger's areas of interest such as the ratification the ERA, advocating for abortion rights, and promoting women's equality.","Informational pamphlets within the collections explore topics ranging from the effects of rape on society, the role of women throughout history, women's medical rights, and the roles of consent in relationships. Others act as political promotional material, often supporting feminist-oriented candidates for office or new legislation, such as the ERA and bills supporting LGBTQ rights. A series of pamphlets in Dutch is also included in the collection, exploring sexism in the Netherlands and its effects on wages and women's roles in Dutch society in the 1970s.","Correspondence written by and to Nordlinger provides insight into Nordlinger's professional and personal life. Professional correspondence provides examples of negotiations with publishers for her short stories and essays, donation of personal materials to libraries in Virginia, and coordinating events such as NOW meetings. Personal correspondence provides an emotional viewpoint of the feminist movement in the Richmond area, as letters by Nordlinger and various Richmond women explain the impact which the women's movement has played on their lives.","Examples of Nordlinger's speeches, research notes, and personal and professional correspondence are represented in the collection. Speech note cards created for use by Nordlinger in delivering speeches and presentations on women's issues provide examples of the most pertinent issues for Nordlinger, such as the impact of pornography on women. Research notes contain information compiled by Nordlinger from various sources for use in her writings. Such writings include several short stories portraying the struggles of women in modern society, as well as historical essays examining how world politics affect women globally. Examples of her works are represented in this series as selections of essays and short stories.","Series 2: Subject Files, 1972-2000: The collection also contains a significant compilation of subject files which Nordlinger used for research into topics related to women's advocacy. These subject files are comprised of newspaper articles and magazine features which focus on then-contemporary analyses of the place of women in various aspects of society. Such topics explored in the subject files include women's fight for the right of abortion, the impacts of feminism, and the detrimental effects of pornography on the roles of women.","Additionally, Series 2 includes assorted magazines which Nordlinger used in her research, such as multiple issues of the feminist-oriented publications Ms. Magazine, The Woman's Calendar, and Mother Jones. Other magazines used for her research include the first issue of Playgirl and an issue of Time. All magazines used in Nordlinger's research contain articles regarding the benefits of feminist attitudes or examples of why feminism is needed in modern society.","Nordlinger's collection of 80 political and feminist activist buttons. The buttons display images and messages relevant to promoting Nordlinger's activism, many including messages to ratify the ERA, advocate the right to abortion, and general desire for women's equality. The buttons are displayed on a plank of foam-core board. Each button is idtentified by a number in bottom right corner of each corresponding button.","These files contain a series of audio cassettes with recorded audio of various speeches and presentations regarding feminist ideals. Several cassettes were recorded by Nordlinger while attending events. Others were purchased previously-recorded lectures. The cassettes are stored in file folders for ease of access and storage.","These files contain a series of audio cassettes with recorded audio of various speeches and presentations regarding feminist ideals. Several cassettes were recorded by Nordlinger while attending events. Others were purchased previously-recorded lectures. The cassettes are stored in file folders for ease of access and storage.","There are no restrictions.","VCU James Branch Cabell Library","National Organization for Women","Nordlinger, Zelda Kingoff","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Zelda K. Nordlinger Papers, 1970/2008"],"collection_ssim":["Zelda K. 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She was born on January 29, 1932, in Greenville, South Carolina to Joseph Kingoff and Alice Heiner Kingoff. She graduated from Thomas Jefferson High School in 1950. She later attended Marjorie Webster Jr. College in Washington, D.C. in 1952 and Sally Tompkins School of Practical Nursing in 1963. She married Martin Stanford Nordlinger (1930-2002) in 1963. Nordlinger later attended Virginia Commonwealth University graduating with a Bachelor of General Studies degree in 1985.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNordlinger was a staunch advocate for the national legalization of abortion. Prior to the Roe v. Wade decision in 1973, she assisted women in Richmond in finding legal avenues for safe abortions. She co-founded the Richmond chapter of the National Organization for Women (NOW) with Mary Holt Woolfolk Carlton in 1969, gaining its charter in 1973. She maintained membership with multiple women's activism groups in the Richmond area including the Women's Lobby of Virginia, Virginia Foundation for Women (VFW), and Planned Parenthood. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAs a member of NOW, Nordlinger participated in various efforts in the Richmond area to ensure reproductive rights, rape victim protection, and to end sexual segregation. She led a sit-in to integrate the all-male soup bar of the Richmond Thalhimers Department Store in 1970. At NOW conventions and demonstrations, she often delivered speeches discussing various topics in regard to women's rights. Additionally, Nordlinger furthered her activism as a freelance writer, composing essays and short stories which highlighted the social injustices women faced. Nordlinger regularly submitted her writings for publication in feminist and mainstream magazines such as \u003ctitle\u003eThe Back Page\u003c/title\u003e, \u003ctitle\u003eThe New Yorker\u003c/title\u003e, and \u003ctitle\u003eMs. Magazine\u003c/title\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNordlinger died March 18, 2008, in Richmond, Virginia. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSources:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRobertson, Ellen and McKelway, Bill. \"Zelda K. Nordlinger, feminist activist, dies,\" \u003ctitle\u003eRichmond Times-Dispatch\u003c/title\u003e.  \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.richmond.com/entertainment/zelda-k-nordlinger-feminist-activist-dies/article_179f2bbf-6612-52f0-a8c7-77d83f243385.html\"\u003e (Article link) \u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVCU Libraries, VCU Libraries Digital Collections, Zelda Kingoff Nordlinger Interviews. \n\u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://digital.library.vcu.edu/islandora/object/vcu%3Aohi?page=1\"\u003e (Interview link)\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Zelda Kingoff Nordlinger was an active particpant in movements for women's rights in Richmond, Virginia and co-founder of the Richmond branch of the National Organization for Women (NOW). She was born on January 29, 1932, in Greenville, South Carolina to Joseph Kingoff and Alice Heiner Kingoff. She graduated from Thomas Jefferson High School in 1950. She later attended Marjorie Webster Jr. College in Washington, D.C. in 1952 and Sally Tompkins School of Practical Nursing in 1963. She married Martin Stanford Nordlinger (1930-2002) in 1963. Nordlinger later attended Virginia Commonwealth University graduating with a Bachelor of General Studies degree in 1985.","Nordlinger was a staunch advocate for the national legalization of abortion. Prior to the Roe v. Wade decision in 1973, she assisted women in Richmond in finding legal avenues for safe abortions. She co-founded the Richmond chapter of the National Organization for Women (NOW) with Mary Holt Woolfolk Carlton in 1969, gaining its charter in 1973. She maintained membership with multiple women's activism groups in the Richmond area including the Women's Lobby of Virginia, Virginia Foundation for Women (VFW), and Planned Parenthood.","As a member of NOW, Nordlinger participated in various efforts in the Richmond area to ensure reproductive rights, rape victim protection, and to end sexual segregation. She led a sit-in to integrate the all-male soup bar of the Richmond Thalhimers Department Store in 1970. At NOW conventions and demonstrations, she often delivered speeches discussing various topics in regard to women's rights. Additionally, Nordlinger furthered her activism as a freelance writer, composing essays and short stories which highlighted the social injustices women faced. Nordlinger regularly submitted her writings for publication in feminist and mainstream magazines such as The Back Page, The New Yorker, and Ms. Magazine.","Nordlinger died March 18, 2008, in Richmond, Virginia.","Sources:","Robertson, Ellen and McKelway, Bill. \"Zelda K. Nordlinger, feminist activist, dies,\" Richmond Times-Dispatch.   (Article link)","VCU Libraries, VCU Libraries Digital Collections, Zelda Kingoff Nordlinger Interviews. \n (Interview link)"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eZelda K. Nordlinger papers, 1970-2008, Collection # M 089, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Zelda K. Nordlinger papers, 1970-2008, Collection # M 089, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Zelda K. Nordlinger Papers, 1970-2008, is a collection of files used by Richmond, Virginia feminist and women's rights activist Zelda Kingoff Nordlinger. The papers provide insight into the second-wave feminist movement in the Richmond area with examples of the experiences, methods of activism, and organizations Nordlinger and her colleagues used to further their goals. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1: Personal Files, 1970-2008: The bulk of the collection is comprised of the personal papers of Zelda Nordlinger regarding her work in women's activism in the Richmond area. The material consists of various newsletters, mailings, and pamphlets distributed by feminist groups to disseminate information relevant to their goals. Much of the material focuses on lobbying for the ratification of the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) or other legislation to further the rights held by women. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluded with these materials is Nordlinger's collection of political and activist buttons. The buttons display images and messages related to Nordlinger's areas of interest such as the ratification the ERA, advocating for abortion rights, and promoting women's equality. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInformational pamphlets within the collections explore topics ranging from the effects of rape on society, the role of women throughout history, women's medical rights, and the roles of consent in relationships. Others act as political promotional material, often supporting feminist-oriented candidates for office or new legislation, such as the ERA and bills supporting LGBTQ rights. A series of pamphlets in Dutch is also included in the collection, exploring sexism in the Netherlands and its effects on wages and women's roles in Dutch society in the 1970s.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence written by and to Nordlinger provides insight into Nordlinger's professional and personal life. Professional correspondence provides examples of negotiations with publishers for her short stories and essays, donation of personal materials to libraries in Virginia, and coordinating events such as NOW meetings. Personal correspondence provides an emotional viewpoint of the feminist movement in the Richmond area, as letters by Nordlinger and various Richmond women explain the impact which the women's movement has played on their lives.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eExamples of Nordlinger's speeches, research notes, and personal and professional correspondence are represented in the collection. Speech note cards created for use by Nordlinger in delivering speeches and presentations on women's issues provide examples of the most pertinent issues for Nordlinger, such as the impact of pornography on women. Research notes contain information compiled by Nordlinger from various sources for use in her writings. Such writings include several short stories portraying the struggles of women in modern society, as well as historical essays examining how world politics affect women globally. Examples of her works are represented in this series as selections of essays and short stories. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2: Subject Files, 1972-2000: The collection also contains a significant compilation of subject files which Nordlinger used for research into topics related to women's advocacy. These subject files are comprised of newspaper articles and magazine features which focus on then-contemporary analyses of the place of women in various aspects of society. Such topics explored in the subject files include women's fight for the right of abortion, the impacts of feminism, and the detrimental effects of pornography on the roles of women. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAdditionally, Series 2 includes assorted magazines which Nordlinger used in her research, such as multiple issues of the feminist-oriented publications \u003ctitle\u003eMs. Magazine\u003c/title\u003e, \u003ctitle\u003eThe Woman's Calendar\u003c/title\u003e, and \u003ctitle\u003eMother Jones\u003c/title\u003e. Other magazines used for her research include the first issue of \u003ctitle\u003ePlaygirl\u003c/title\u003e and an issue of \u003ctitle\u003eTime\u003c/title\u003e. All magazines used in Nordlinger's research contain articles regarding the benefits of feminist attitudes or examples of why feminism is needed in modern society.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eNordlinger's collection of 80 political and feminist activist buttons. The buttons display images and messages relevant to promoting Nordlinger's activism, many including messages to ratify the ERA, advocate the right to abortion, and general desire for women's equality. The buttons are displayed on a plank of foam-core board. Each button is idtentified by a number in bottom right corner of each corresponding button.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThese files contain a series of audio cassettes with recorded audio of various speeches and presentations regarding feminist ideals. Several cassettes were recorded by Nordlinger while attending events. Others were purchased previously-recorded lectures. The cassettes are stored in file folders for ease of access and storage.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThese files contain a series of audio cassettes with recorded audio of various speeches and presentations regarding feminist ideals. Several cassettes were recorded by Nordlinger while attending events. Others were purchased previously-recorded lectures. The cassettes are stored in file folders for ease of access and storage.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Zelda K. Nordlinger Papers, 1970-2008, is a collection of files used by Richmond, Virginia feminist and women's rights activist Zelda Kingoff Nordlinger. The papers provide insight into the second-wave feminist movement in the Richmond area with examples of the experiences, methods of activism, and organizations Nordlinger and her colleagues used to further their goals.","Series 1: Personal Files, 1970-2008: The bulk of the collection is comprised of the personal papers of Zelda Nordlinger regarding her work in women's activism in the Richmond area. The material consists of various newsletters, mailings, and pamphlets distributed by feminist groups to disseminate information relevant to their goals. Much of the material focuses on lobbying for the ratification of the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) or other legislation to further the rights held by women.","Included with these materials is Nordlinger's collection of political and activist buttons. The buttons display images and messages related to Nordlinger's areas of interest such as the ratification the ERA, advocating for abortion rights, and promoting women's equality.","Informational pamphlets within the collections explore topics ranging from the effects of rape on society, the role of women throughout history, women's medical rights, and the roles of consent in relationships. Others act as political promotional material, often supporting feminist-oriented candidates for office or new legislation, such as the ERA and bills supporting LGBTQ rights. A series of pamphlets in Dutch is also included in the collection, exploring sexism in the Netherlands and its effects on wages and women's roles in Dutch society in the 1970s.","Correspondence written by and to Nordlinger provides insight into Nordlinger's professional and personal life. Professional correspondence provides examples of negotiations with publishers for her short stories and essays, donation of personal materials to libraries in Virginia, and coordinating events such as NOW meetings. Personal correspondence provides an emotional viewpoint of the feminist movement in the Richmond area, as letters by Nordlinger and various Richmond women explain the impact which the women's movement has played on their lives.","Examples of Nordlinger's speeches, research notes, and personal and professional correspondence are represented in the collection. Speech note cards created for use by Nordlinger in delivering speeches and presentations on women's issues provide examples of the most pertinent issues for Nordlinger, such as the impact of pornography on women. Research notes contain information compiled by Nordlinger from various sources for use in her writings. Such writings include several short stories portraying the struggles of women in modern society, as well as historical essays examining how world politics affect women globally. Examples of her works are represented in this series as selections of essays and short stories.","Series 2: Subject Files, 1972-2000: The collection also contains a significant compilation of subject files which Nordlinger used for research into topics related to women's advocacy. These subject files are comprised of newspaper articles and magazine features which focus on then-contemporary analyses of the place of women in various aspects of society. Such topics explored in the subject files include women's fight for the right of abortion, the impacts of feminism, and the detrimental effects of pornography on the roles of women.","Additionally, Series 2 includes assorted magazines which Nordlinger used in her research, such as multiple issues of the feminist-oriented publications Ms. Magazine, The Woman's Calendar, and Mother Jones. Other magazines used for her research include the first issue of Playgirl and an issue of Time. All magazines used in Nordlinger's research contain articles regarding the benefits of feminist attitudes or examples of why feminism is needed in modern society.","Nordlinger's collection of 80 political and feminist activist buttons. The buttons display images and messages relevant to promoting Nordlinger's activism, many including messages to ratify the ERA, advocate the right to abortion, and general desire for women's equality. The buttons are displayed on a plank of foam-core board. Each button is idtentified by a number in bottom right corner of each corresponding button.","These files contain a series of audio cassettes with recorded audio of various speeches and presentations regarding feminist ideals. Several cassettes were recorded by Nordlinger while attending events. Others were purchased previously-recorded lectures. The cassettes are stored in file folders for ease of access and storage.","These files contain a series of audio cassettes with recorded audio of various speeches and presentations regarding feminist ideals. Several cassettes were recorded by Nordlinger while attending events. Others were purchased previously-recorded lectures. The cassettes are stored in file folders for ease of access and storage."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"corpname_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","National Organization for Women"],"names_coll_ssim":["National Organization for Women","Nordlinger, Zelda Kingoff","Nordlinger, Zelda Kingoff"],"persname_ssim":["Nordlinger, Zelda Kingoff"],"names_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","National Organization for Women","Nordlinger, Zelda Kingoff"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":73,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:07:16.781Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_574"}},{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9276","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Zelda Nordlinger Papers, 1969/1998, bulk 1970/1977","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_9276#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eIncludes many letters, newspaper clippings, and feminist related items of Zelda Nordlinger, a Richmond, VA woman's activist and state co-coordinator of the Virginia chapter of the National Organization for Women. 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The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eZelda Nordlinger of Richmond, Virginia was a woman's activist and state co-coordinator of the Virginia chapter of the National Organization for Women.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information:"],"bioghist_tesim":["Zelda Nordlinger of Richmond, Virginia was a woman's activist and state co-coordinator of the Virginia chapter of the National Organization for Women."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eZelda Nordlinger Papers, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Zelda Nordlinger Papers, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed by Andrea Calabretta in 1999.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information:"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed by Andrea Calabretta in 1999."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIncludes many letters, newspaper clippings, and feminist related items of Zelda Nordlinger, a Richmond, VA woman's activist and state co-coordinator of the Virginia chapter of the National Organization for Women. Includes information on the origins of the National Organization for Women, as well as the Equal Rights Amendment and the abortion issue. Also contains several newsletters published by feminist organizations, pamphlets, photographs, and correspondence with other feminist activists in the state.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Includes many letters, newspaper clippings, and feminist related items of Zelda Nordlinger, a Richmond, VA woman's activist and state co-coordinator of the Virginia chapter of the National Organization for Women. Includes information on the origins of the National Organization for Women, as well as the Equal Rights Amendment and the abortion issue. Also contains several newsletters published by feminist organizations, pamphlets, photographs, and correspondence with other feminist activists in the state."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use:"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","National Organization for Women"],"names_coll_ssim":["National Organization for Women"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","National Organization for Women"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:48:46.134Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_9276"}},{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1855","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Zelma Wilson Architectural Collection, 1940/1995, bulk 1969/1991","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1855#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Wilson, Zelma, 1918-1996","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1855#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Wilson (1918-1996) an architect in Ojai, CA was born in New York City but later relocated to Southern California. She studied at the University of California, Berkeley, 1937-1940; later the California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 1941; and graduated with a B. Arch from University of Southern California in 1947. Wilson's collection encompasses three decades of work that range from her academic through professional career—including her experience of operating her own firm. Her collection contains biographical material, professional committee and association work, school work, client correspondence, office promotional materials, time logs, drawings, photographs and manuscript material relating to projects. Materials range in date from 1940-1995 (bulk 1969-1991).","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1855#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1855","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1855","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1855","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1855","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_1855.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Wilson, Zelma, Architectural Collection","title_ssm":["Zelma Wilson Architectural Collection"],"title_tesim":["Zelma Wilson Architectural Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1940-1995","1969-1991"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1940-1995"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1969-1991"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1940/1995, bulk 1969/1991"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Zelma Wilson Architectural Collection, 1940/1995, bulk 1969/1991"],"text":["Zelma Wilson Architectural Collection, 1940/1995, bulk 1969/1991","Ms.1991.046","Architects","Architectural drawing -- 20th century","International Archive of Women in Architecture (IAWA)","Women -- History","Women-owned architectural firms","Architectural drawings (visual works)","The collection is open for research.","The Project Records series has been arranged into a Project Index. which is a way to organize the various formats of architectural records from the same project. The index is arranged alphabetically by client name and contains information, where available, about the location, date, project type, architect, collaborators, and formats for each project in the collection.","A Summary of the Project Index.  is listed below.  Consult the Project Index.  for box numbers.","Client Name/Project Title (location, date, architect/collaborator) [Format - Ms=Manuscripts, Dr=Drawings ]","Zelma Wilson (1918-1996) was born in New York City but later relocated to Southern California. She studied at the University of California, Berkeley, 1937-1940; later the California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 1941; and graduated with a B. Arch from University of Southern California in 1947. Wilson was the only woman in her graduating class at USC that year.  Her husband, a screenwriter, was blacklisted in 1952 after co-producing a film about New Mexico zinc miners.  As a result the couple moved to Europe.  While in Paris, Zelma pursued her post graduate studies at L'Ecole de Beaux Arts and her husband wrote \"The Bridge on the River Kwai\" and co-wrote \"Lawrence of Arabia.\"","After working for the Los Angeles Planning Department, she obtained valuable experience in the offices of Richard Neutra, Victor Gruen Associates, R. M. Schindler, and Raphael Soriano.  By 1957 Wilson was licensed and in 1967 she became principle of her own firm, Zelma Wilson and Associates, AIA, which she maintained continuously for over 20 years.  She became a Fellow of the AIA in 1983 and guest lectured at Cal Poly San Luis Obispo for 10 years.  As her practice grew Wilson acquired two partners and changed the firm name to Wilson and Conrad, Architects, AIA (1979-1984).  The name shifted again as staffing and partnerships changed to The Ojai Group (1985-1986[?]) and finally Zelma Wilson, FAIA (1987[?]-1995).","Her projects started with houses and grew to institutional work, churches, and private schools.  Wilson served on the California State Governors Emergency Task Force on Earthquake Preparedness from 1979 until 1985. Her projects include Vandenberg AFB Child Development Center, Ojai City Hall and the Simi Valley Community Center. Asked once by a prospective male employer if she cried on the job, Wilson answered, \"I don't, but I've made a few contractors cry.\"","The guide to the Zelma Wilson Architectural Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/).","The processing, arrangement, and description of the Zelma Wilson Architectural Collection was completed in August 2011. Preliminary processing was undertaken January 2006.","Zelma Wilson's collection encompasses three decades of work that range from her academic through professional career—including her experience of operating her own firm initially Zelma Wilson and Associates and its many iterations (Wilson and Conrad Architects, The Ojai Group, and  Zelma Wilson, FAIA). In the collection you will find biographical material, professional committee and association work, school work, client correspondence, office promotional materials, time logs, drawings, photographs and manuscript material relating to projects.  Materials range in date from 1940-1995 (bulk 1969-1991) and are divided into three categories:  Professional Papers, Office Records, and Project Records.   Review the contents list below for details on individual categories.","The Professional Papers series consists of material relating to Wilson's participation in professional life including licenses, correspondence, and involvement in professional and civic organizations.  Wilson was involved with the California State Governors Emergency Task Force on Earthquake Preparedness (1979-1985), and the Ojai Beautiful Conference (1965-1975).","The Office Records series consists of materials relating to the day-to-day operations of a private architectural practice including correspondence, office promotion materials, community involvements (Ojai Downtown Redevelopment, Ojai Valley Preforming Arts Theater), and  proposals and promotions (1973-1993).  It is divided into two series: General  and Proposals.","The Project Records series contains drawings, photographs, correspondence, and other printed material relating to over 250 architectural projects carried out by Wilson and her firm.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","Wilson (1918-1996) an architect in Ojai, CA was born in New York City but later relocated to Southern California. She studied at the University of California, Berkeley, 1937-1940; later the California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 1941; and graduated with a B. Arch from University of Southern California in 1947. Wilson's collection encompasses three decades of work that range from her academic through professional career—including her experience of operating her own firm.  Her collection contains biographical material, professional committee and association work, school work, client correspondence, office promotional materials, time logs, drawings, photographs and manuscript material relating to projects.  Materials range in date from 1940-1995 (bulk 1969-1991).","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Wilson, Zelma, 1918-1996","The materials in the collection are in English."],"collection_title_tesim":["Zelma Wilson Architectural Collection, 1940/1995, bulk 1969/1991"],"collection_ssim":["Zelma Wilson Architectural Collection, 1940/1995, bulk 1969/1991"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.1991.046"],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.1991.046"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"creator_ssm":["Wilson, Zelma, 1918-1996"],"creator_ssim":["Wilson, Zelma, 1918-1996"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Wilson, Zelma, 1918-1996"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"creators_ssim":["Wilson, Zelma, 1918-1996","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Zelma Wilson Architectural Collection was donated to Special Collections in 1991 with the bulk of the collection arriving in 1996."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Architects","Architectural drawing -- 20th century","International Archive of Women in Architecture (IAWA)","Women -- History","Women-owned architectural firms","Architectural drawings (visual works)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Architects","Architectural drawing -- 20th century","International Archive of Women in Architecture (IAWA)","Women -- History","Women-owned architectural firms","Architectural drawings (visual works)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["115.5 Cubic Feet 24 record cartons; 177 rolled drawings; 5 map-case drawers"],"extent_tesim":["115.5 Cubic Feet 24 record cartons; 177 rolled drawings; 5 map-case drawers"],"genreform_ssim":["Architectural drawings (visual works)"],"date_range_isim":[1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Project Records series has been arranged into a \u003cextref actuate=\"onRequest\" href=\"http://spec.lib.vt.edu/assets/documents/iawa/Ms1991-046pi.xls\" show=\"new\" title=\"Project Index\"\u003eProject Index.\u003c/extref\u003e which is a way to organize the various formats of architectural records from the same project. The index is arranged alphabetically by client name and contains information, where available, about the location, date, project type, architect, collaborators, and formats for each project in the collection.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA Summary of the \u003cextref actuate=\"onRequest\" href=\"http://spec.lib.vt.edu/assets/documents/iawa/Ms1991-046pi.xls\" show=\"new\" title=\"Project Index\"\u003eProject Index.\u003c/extref\u003e  is listed below.  Consult the \u003cextref actuate=\"onRequest\" href=\"http://spec.lib.vt.edu/assets/documents/iawa/Ms1991-046pi.xls\" show=\"new\" title=\"Project Index\"\u003eProject Index.\u003c/extref\u003e  for box numbers.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eClient Name/Project Title (location, date, architect/collaborator) [Format - Ms=Manuscripts, Dr=Drawings ] \u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The Project Records series has been arranged into a Project Index. which is a way to organize the various formats of architectural records from the same project. The index is arranged alphabetically by client name and contains information, where available, about the location, date, project type, architect, collaborators, and formats for each project in the collection.","A Summary of the Project Index.  is listed below.  Consult the Project Index.  for box numbers.","Client Name/Project Title (location, date, architect/collaborator) [Format - Ms=Manuscripts, Dr=Drawings ]"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eZelma Wilson (1918-1996) was born in New York City but later relocated to Southern California. She studied at the University of California, Berkeley, 1937-1940; later the California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 1941; and graduated with a B. Arch from University of Southern California in 1947. Wilson was the only woman in her graduating class at USC that year.  Her husband, a screenwriter, was blacklisted in 1952 after co-producing a film about New Mexico zinc miners.  As a result the couple moved to Europe.  While in Paris, Zelma pursued her post graduate studies at L'Ecole de Beaux Arts and her husband wrote \"The Bridge on the River Kwai\" and co-wrote \"Lawrence of Arabia.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAfter working for the Los Angeles Planning Department, she obtained valuable experience in the offices of Richard Neutra, Victor Gruen Associates, R. M. Schindler, and Raphael Soriano.  By 1957 Wilson was licensed and in 1967 she became principle of her own firm, Zelma Wilson and Associates, AIA, which she maintained continuously for over 20 years.  She became a Fellow of the AIA in 1983 and guest lectured at Cal Poly San Luis Obispo for 10 years.  As her practice grew Wilson acquired two partners and changed the firm name to Wilson and Conrad, Architects, AIA (1979-1984).  The name shifted again as staffing and partnerships changed to The Ojai Group (1985-1986[?]) and finally Zelma Wilson, FAIA (1987[?]-1995). \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHer projects started with houses and grew to institutional work, churches, and private schools.  Wilson served on the California State Governors Emergency Task Force on Earthquake Preparedness from 1979 until 1985. Her projects include Vandenberg AFB Child Development Center, Ojai City Hall and the Simi Valley Community Center. Asked once by a prospective male employer if she cried on the job, Wilson answered, \"I don't, but I've made a few contractors cry.\" \u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Zelma Wilson (1918-1996) was born in New York City but later relocated to Southern California. She studied at the University of California, Berkeley, 1937-1940; later the California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 1941; and graduated with a B. Arch from University of Southern California in 1947. Wilson was the only woman in her graduating class at USC that year.  Her husband, a screenwriter, was blacklisted in 1952 after co-producing a film about New Mexico zinc miners.  As a result the couple moved to Europe.  While in Paris, Zelma pursued her post graduate studies at L'Ecole de Beaux Arts and her husband wrote \"The Bridge on the River Kwai\" and co-wrote \"Lawrence of Arabia.\"","After working for the Los Angeles Planning Department, she obtained valuable experience in the offices of Richard Neutra, Victor Gruen Associates, R. M. Schindler, and Raphael Soriano.  By 1957 Wilson was licensed and in 1967 she became principle of her own firm, Zelma Wilson and Associates, AIA, which she maintained continuously for over 20 years.  She became a Fellow of the AIA in 1983 and guest lectured at Cal Poly San Luis Obispo for 10 years.  As her practice grew Wilson acquired two partners and changed the firm name to Wilson and Conrad, Architects, AIA (1979-1984).  The name shifted again as staffing and partnerships changed to The Ojai Group (1985-1986[?]) and finally Zelma Wilson, FAIA (1987[?]-1995).","Her projects started with houses and grew to institutional work, churches, and private schools.  Wilson served on the California State Governors Emergency Task Force on Earthquake Preparedness from 1979 until 1985. Her projects include Vandenberg AFB Child Development Center, Ojai City Hall and the Simi Valley Community Center. Asked once by a prospective male employer if she cried on the job, Wilson answered, \"I don't, but I've made a few contractors cry.\""],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Zelma Wilson Architectural Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Zelma Wilson Architectural Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/)."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Zelma Wilson Architectural Collection, Ms1991-046, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Zelma Wilson Architectural Collection, Ms1991-046, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the Zelma Wilson Architectural Collection was completed in August 2011. Preliminary processing was undertaken January 2006.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the Zelma Wilson Architectural Collection was completed in August 2011. Preliminary processing was undertaken January 2006."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eZelma Wilson's collection encompasses three decades of work that range from her academic through professional career—including her experience of operating her own firm initially Zelma Wilson and Associates and its many iterations (Wilson and Conrad Architects, The Ojai Group, and  Zelma Wilson, FAIA). In the collection you will find biographical material, professional committee and association work, school work, client correspondence, office promotional materials, time logs, drawings, photographs and manuscript material relating to projects.  Materials range in date from 1940-1995 (bulk 1969-1991) and are divided into three categories:  Professional Papers, Office Records, and Project Records.   Review the contents list below for details on individual categories.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eThe Professional Papers series consists of material relating to Wilson's participation in professional life including licenses, correspondence, and involvement in professional and civic organizations.  Wilson was involved with the California State Governors Emergency Task Force on Earthquake Preparedness (1979-1985), and the Ojai Beautiful Conference (1965-1975).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Office Records series consists of materials relating to the day-to-day operations of a private architectural practice including correspondence, office promotion materials, community involvements (Ojai Downtown Redevelopment, Ojai Valley Preforming Arts Theater), and  proposals and promotions (1973-1993).  It is divided into two series: General  and Proposals.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Project Records series contains drawings, photographs, correspondence, and other printed material relating to over 250 architectural projects carried out by Wilson and her firm.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Zelma Wilson's collection encompasses three decades of work that range from her academic through professional career—including her experience of operating her own firm initially Zelma Wilson and Associates and its many iterations (Wilson and Conrad Architects, The Ojai Group, and  Zelma Wilson, FAIA). In the collection you will find biographical material, professional committee and association work, school work, client correspondence, office promotional materials, time logs, drawings, photographs and manuscript material relating to projects.  Materials range in date from 1940-1995 (bulk 1969-1991) and are divided into three categories:  Professional Papers, Office Records, and Project Records.   Review the contents list below for details on individual categories.","The Professional Papers series consists of material relating to Wilson's participation in professional life including licenses, correspondence, and involvement in professional and civic organizations.  Wilson was involved with the California State Governors Emergency Task Force on Earthquake Preparedness (1979-1985), and the Ojai Beautiful Conference (1965-1975).","The Office Records series consists of materials relating to the day-to-day operations of a private architectural practice including correspondence, office promotion materials, community involvements (Ojai Downtown Redevelopment, Ojai Valley Preforming Arts Theater), and  proposals and promotions (1973-1993).  It is divided into two series: General  and Proposals.","The Project Records series contains drawings, photographs, correspondence, and other printed material relating to over 250 architectural projects carried out by Wilson and her firm."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_a5530344875689115357e4bee240e5e1\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eWilson (1918-1996) an architect in Ojai, CA was born in New York City but later relocated to Southern California. She studied at the University of California, Berkeley, 1937-1940; later the California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 1941; and graduated with a B. Arch from University of Southern California in 1947. Wilson's collection encompasses three decades of work that range from her academic through professional career—including her experience of operating her own firm.  Her collection contains biographical material, professional committee and association work, school work, client correspondence, office promotional materials, time logs, drawings, photographs and manuscript material relating to projects.  Materials range in date from 1940-1995 (bulk 1969-1991).\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["Wilson (1918-1996) an architect in Ojai, CA was born in New York City but later relocated to Southern California. She studied at the University of California, Berkeley, 1937-1940; later the California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 1941; and graduated with a B. Arch from University of Southern California in 1947. Wilson's collection encompasses three decades of work that range from her academic through professional career—including her experience of operating her own firm.  Her collection contains biographical material, professional committee and association work, school work, client correspondence, office promotional materials, time logs, drawings, photographs and manuscript material relating to projects.  Materials range in date from 1940-1995 (bulk 1969-1991)."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"persname_ssim":["Wilson, Zelma, 1918-1996"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Wilson, Zelma, 1918-1996"],"language_ssim":["The materials in the collection are in English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":417,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:45:59.287Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1855","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1855","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1855","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1855","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_1855.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Wilson, Zelma, Architectural Collection","title_ssm":["Zelma Wilson Architectural Collection"],"title_tesim":["Zelma Wilson Architectural Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1940-1995","1969-1991"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1940-1995"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1969-1991"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1940/1995, bulk 1969/1991"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Zelma Wilson Architectural Collection, 1940/1995, bulk 1969/1991"],"text":["Zelma Wilson Architectural Collection, 1940/1995, bulk 1969/1991","Ms.1991.046","Architects","Architectural drawing -- 20th century","International Archive of Women in Architecture (IAWA)","Women -- History","Women-owned architectural firms","Architectural drawings (visual works)","The collection is open for research.","The Project Records series has been arranged into a Project Index. which is a way to organize the various formats of architectural records from the same project. The index is arranged alphabetically by client name and contains information, where available, about the location, date, project type, architect, collaborators, and formats for each project in the collection.","A Summary of the Project Index.  is listed below.  Consult the Project Index.  for box numbers.","Client Name/Project Title (location, date, architect/collaborator) [Format - Ms=Manuscripts, Dr=Drawings ]","Zelma Wilson (1918-1996) was born in New York City but later relocated to Southern California. She studied at the University of California, Berkeley, 1937-1940; later the California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 1941; and graduated with a B. Arch from University of Southern California in 1947. Wilson was the only woman in her graduating class at USC that year.  Her husband, a screenwriter, was blacklisted in 1952 after co-producing a film about New Mexico zinc miners.  As a result the couple moved to Europe.  While in Paris, Zelma pursued her post graduate studies at L'Ecole de Beaux Arts and her husband wrote \"The Bridge on the River Kwai\" and co-wrote \"Lawrence of Arabia.\"","After working for the Los Angeles Planning Department, she obtained valuable experience in the offices of Richard Neutra, Victor Gruen Associates, R. M. Schindler, and Raphael Soriano.  By 1957 Wilson was licensed and in 1967 she became principle of her own firm, Zelma Wilson and Associates, AIA, which she maintained continuously for over 20 years.  She became a Fellow of the AIA in 1983 and guest lectured at Cal Poly San Luis Obispo for 10 years.  As her practice grew Wilson acquired two partners and changed the firm name to Wilson and Conrad, Architects, AIA (1979-1984).  The name shifted again as staffing and partnerships changed to The Ojai Group (1985-1986[?]) and finally Zelma Wilson, FAIA (1987[?]-1995).","Her projects started with houses and grew to institutional work, churches, and private schools.  Wilson served on the California State Governors Emergency Task Force on Earthquake Preparedness from 1979 until 1985. Her projects include Vandenberg AFB Child Development Center, Ojai City Hall and the Simi Valley Community Center. Asked once by a prospective male employer if she cried on the job, Wilson answered, \"I don't, but I've made a few contractors cry.\"","The guide to the Zelma Wilson Architectural Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/).","The processing, arrangement, and description of the Zelma Wilson Architectural Collection was completed in August 2011. Preliminary processing was undertaken January 2006.","Zelma Wilson's collection encompasses three decades of work that range from her academic through professional career—including her experience of operating her own firm initially Zelma Wilson and Associates and its many iterations (Wilson and Conrad Architects, The Ojai Group, and  Zelma Wilson, FAIA). In the collection you will find biographical material, professional committee and association work, school work, client correspondence, office promotional materials, time logs, drawings, photographs and manuscript material relating to projects.  Materials range in date from 1940-1995 (bulk 1969-1991) and are divided into three categories:  Professional Papers, Office Records, and Project Records.   Review the contents list below for details on individual categories.","The Professional Papers series consists of material relating to Wilson's participation in professional life including licenses, correspondence, and involvement in professional and civic organizations.  Wilson was involved with the California State Governors Emergency Task Force on Earthquake Preparedness (1979-1985), and the Ojai Beautiful Conference (1965-1975).","The Office Records series consists of materials relating to the day-to-day operations of a private architectural practice including correspondence, office promotion materials, community involvements (Ojai Downtown Redevelopment, Ojai Valley Preforming Arts Theater), and  proposals and promotions (1973-1993).  It is divided into two series: General  and Proposals.","The Project Records series contains drawings, photographs, correspondence, and other printed material relating to over 250 architectural projects carried out by Wilson and her firm.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","Wilson (1918-1996) an architect in Ojai, CA was born in New York City but later relocated to Southern California. She studied at the University of California, Berkeley, 1937-1940; later the California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 1941; and graduated with a B. Arch from University of Southern California in 1947. Wilson's collection encompasses three decades of work that range from her academic through professional career—including her experience of operating her own firm.  Her collection contains biographical material, professional committee and association work, school work, client correspondence, office promotional materials, time logs, drawings, photographs and manuscript material relating to projects.  Materials range in date from 1940-1995 (bulk 1969-1991).","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Wilson, Zelma, 1918-1996","The materials in the collection are in English."],"collection_title_tesim":["Zelma Wilson Architectural Collection, 1940/1995, bulk 1969/1991"],"collection_ssim":["Zelma Wilson Architectural Collection, 1940/1995, bulk 1969/1991"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.1991.046"],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.1991.046"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"creator_ssm":["Wilson, Zelma, 1918-1996"],"creator_ssim":["Wilson, Zelma, 1918-1996"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Wilson, Zelma, 1918-1996"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"creators_ssim":["Wilson, Zelma, 1918-1996","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Zelma Wilson Architectural Collection was donated to Special Collections in 1991 with the bulk of the collection arriving in 1996."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Architects","Architectural drawing -- 20th century","International Archive of Women in Architecture (IAWA)","Women -- History","Women-owned architectural firms","Architectural drawings (visual works)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Architects","Architectural drawing -- 20th century","International Archive of Women in Architecture (IAWA)","Women -- History","Women-owned architectural firms","Architectural drawings (visual works)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["115.5 Cubic Feet 24 record cartons; 177 rolled drawings; 5 map-case drawers"],"extent_tesim":["115.5 Cubic Feet 24 record cartons; 177 rolled drawings; 5 map-case drawers"],"genreform_ssim":["Architectural drawings (visual works)"],"date_range_isim":[1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Project Records series has been arranged into a \u003cextref actuate=\"onRequest\" href=\"http://spec.lib.vt.edu/assets/documents/iawa/Ms1991-046pi.xls\" show=\"new\" title=\"Project Index\"\u003eProject Index.\u003c/extref\u003e which is a way to organize the various formats of architectural records from the same project. The index is arranged alphabetically by client name and contains information, where available, about the location, date, project type, architect, collaborators, and formats for each project in the collection.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA Summary of the \u003cextref actuate=\"onRequest\" href=\"http://spec.lib.vt.edu/assets/documents/iawa/Ms1991-046pi.xls\" show=\"new\" title=\"Project Index\"\u003eProject Index.\u003c/extref\u003e  is listed below.  Consult the \u003cextref actuate=\"onRequest\" href=\"http://spec.lib.vt.edu/assets/documents/iawa/Ms1991-046pi.xls\" show=\"new\" title=\"Project Index\"\u003eProject Index.\u003c/extref\u003e  for box numbers.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eClient Name/Project Title (location, date, architect/collaborator) [Format - Ms=Manuscripts, Dr=Drawings ] \u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The Project Records series has been arranged into a Project Index. which is a way to organize the various formats of architectural records from the same project. The index is arranged alphabetically by client name and contains information, where available, about the location, date, project type, architect, collaborators, and formats for each project in the collection.","A Summary of the Project Index.  is listed below.  Consult the Project Index.  for box numbers.","Client Name/Project Title (location, date, architect/collaborator) [Format - Ms=Manuscripts, Dr=Drawings ]"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eZelma Wilson (1918-1996) was born in New York City but later relocated to Southern California. She studied at the University of California, Berkeley, 1937-1940; later the California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 1941; and graduated with a B. Arch from University of Southern California in 1947. Wilson was the only woman in her graduating class at USC that year.  Her husband, a screenwriter, was blacklisted in 1952 after co-producing a film about New Mexico zinc miners.  As a result the couple moved to Europe.  While in Paris, Zelma pursued her post graduate studies at L'Ecole de Beaux Arts and her husband wrote \"The Bridge on the River Kwai\" and co-wrote \"Lawrence of Arabia.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAfter working for the Los Angeles Planning Department, she obtained valuable experience in the offices of Richard Neutra, Victor Gruen Associates, R. M. Schindler, and Raphael Soriano.  By 1957 Wilson was licensed and in 1967 she became principle of her own firm, Zelma Wilson and Associates, AIA, which she maintained continuously for over 20 years.  She became a Fellow of the AIA in 1983 and guest lectured at Cal Poly San Luis Obispo for 10 years.  As her practice grew Wilson acquired two partners and changed the firm name to Wilson and Conrad, Architects, AIA (1979-1984).  The name shifted again as staffing and partnerships changed to The Ojai Group (1985-1986[?]) and finally Zelma Wilson, FAIA (1987[?]-1995). \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHer projects started with houses and grew to institutional work, churches, and private schools.  Wilson served on the California State Governors Emergency Task Force on Earthquake Preparedness from 1979 until 1985. Her projects include Vandenberg AFB Child Development Center, Ojai City Hall and the Simi Valley Community Center. Asked once by a prospective male employer if she cried on the job, Wilson answered, \"I don't, but I've made a few contractors cry.\" \u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Zelma Wilson (1918-1996) was born in New York City but later relocated to Southern California. She studied at the University of California, Berkeley, 1937-1940; later the California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 1941; and graduated with a B. Arch from University of Southern California in 1947. Wilson was the only woman in her graduating class at USC that year.  Her husband, a screenwriter, was blacklisted in 1952 after co-producing a film about New Mexico zinc miners.  As a result the couple moved to Europe.  While in Paris, Zelma pursued her post graduate studies at L'Ecole de Beaux Arts and her husband wrote \"The Bridge on the River Kwai\" and co-wrote \"Lawrence of Arabia.\"","After working for the Los Angeles Planning Department, she obtained valuable experience in the offices of Richard Neutra, Victor Gruen Associates, R. M. Schindler, and Raphael Soriano.  By 1957 Wilson was licensed and in 1967 she became principle of her own firm, Zelma Wilson and Associates, AIA, which she maintained continuously for over 20 years.  She became a Fellow of the AIA in 1983 and guest lectured at Cal Poly San Luis Obispo for 10 years.  As her practice grew Wilson acquired two partners and changed the firm name to Wilson and Conrad, Architects, AIA (1979-1984).  The name shifted again as staffing and partnerships changed to The Ojai Group (1985-1986[?]) and finally Zelma Wilson, FAIA (1987[?]-1995).","Her projects started with houses and grew to institutional work, churches, and private schools.  Wilson served on the California State Governors Emergency Task Force on Earthquake Preparedness from 1979 until 1985. Her projects include Vandenberg AFB Child Development Center, Ojai City Hall and the Simi Valley Community Center. Asked once by a prospective male employer if she cried on the job, Wilson answered, \"I don't, but I've made a few contractors cry.\""],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Zelma Wilson Architectural Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Zelma Wilson Architectural Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/)."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Zelma Wilson Architectural Collection, Ms1991-046, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Zelma Wilson Architectural Collection, Ms1991-046, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the Zelma Wilson Architectural Collection was completed in August 2011. Preliminary processing was undertaken January 2006.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the Zelma Wilson Architectural Collection was completed in August 2011. Preliminary processing was undertaken January 2006."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eZelma Wilson's collection encompasses three decades of work that range from her academic through professional career—including her experience of operating her own firm initially Zelma Wilson and Associates and its many iterations (Wilson and Conrad Architects, The Ojai Group, and  Zelma Wilson, FAIA). In the collection you will find biographical material, professional committee and association work, school work, client correspondence, office promotional materials, time logs, drawings, photographs and manuscript material relating to projects.  Materials range in date from 1940-1995 (bulk 1969-1991) and are divided into three categories:  Professional Papers, Office Records, and Project Records.   Review the contents list below for details on individual categories.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eThe Professional Papers series consists of material relating to Wilson's participation in professional life including licenses, correspondence, and involvement in professional and civic organizations.  Wilson was involved with the California State Governors Emergency Task Force on Earthquake Preparedness (1979-1985), and the Ojai Beautiful Conference (1965-1975).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Office Records series consists of materials relating to the day-to-day operations of a private architectural practice including correspondence, office promotion materials, community involvements (Ojai Downtown Redevelopment, Ojai Valley Preforming Arts Theater), and  proposals and promotions (1973-1993).  It is divided into two series: General  and Proposals.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Project Records series contains drawings, photographs, correspondence, and other printed material relating to over 250 architectural projects carried out by Wilson and her firm.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Zelma Wilson's collection encompasses three decades of work that range from her academic through professional career—including her experience of operating her own firm initially Zelma Wilson and Associates and its many iterations (Wilson and Conrad Architects, The Ojai Group, and  Zelma Wilson, FAIA). In the collection you will find biographical material, professional committee and association work, school work, client correspondence, office promotional materials, time logs, drawings, photographs and manuscript material relating to projects.  Materials range in date from 1940-1995 (bulk 1969-1991) and are divided into three categories:  Professional Papers, Office Records, and Project Records.   Review the contents list below for details on individual categories.","The Professional Papers series consists of material relating to Wilson's participation in professional life including licenses, correspondence, and involvement in professional and civic organizations.  Wilson was involved with the California State Governors Emergency Task Force on Earthquake Preparedness (1979-1985), and the Ojai Beautiful Conference (1965-1975).","The Office Records series consists of materials relating to the day-to-day operations of a private architectural practice including correspondence, office promotion materials, community involvements (Ojai Downtown Redevelopment, Ojai Valley Preforming Arts Theater), and  proposals and promotions (1973-1993).  It is divided into two series: General  and Proposals.","The Project Records series contains drawings, photographs, correspondence, and other printed material relating to over 250 architectural projects carried out by Wilson and her firm."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_a5530344875689115357e4bee240e5e1\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eWilson (1918-1996) an architect in Ojai, CA was born in New York City but later relocated to Southern California. She studied at the University of California, Berkeley, 1937-1940; later the California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 1941; and graduated with a B. Arch from University of Southern California in 1947. Wilson's collection encompasses three decades of work that range from her academic through professional career—including her experience of operating her own firm.  Her collection contains biographical material, professional committee and association work, school work, client correspondence, office promotional materials, time logs, drawings, photographs and manuscript material relating to projects.  Materials range in date from 1940-1995 (bulk 1969-1991).\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["Wilson (1918-1996) an architect in Ojai, CA was born in New York City but later relocated to Southern California. She studied at the University of California, Berkeley, 1937-1940; later the California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 1941; and graduated with a B. Arch from University of Southern California in 1947. Wilson's collection encompasses three decades of work that range from her academic through professional career—including her experience of operating her own firm.  Her collection contains biographical material, professional committee and association work, school work, client correspondence, office promotional materials, time logs, drawings, photographs and manuscript material relating to projects.  Materials range in date from 1940-1995 (bulk 1969-1991)."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"persname_ssim":["Wilson, Zelma, 1918-1996"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Wilson, Zelma, 1918-1996"],"language_ssim":["The materials in the collection are in English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":417,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:45:59.287Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1855"}},{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_612_c105","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Zenith Shifflett Sampson interviewed by Chris Brasted, transcribed by Tiffany Cole, 1993","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_612_c105#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Zenith Sampson, (née Shifflett), who lived on Lewis Mountain, in Greene County, Virginia, within the future boundaries of Shenandoah National Park. Describes daily life in the mountains, touching on the work of growing and preserving food, the apple and chestnut harvests, bark peeling, and other local economic activities. Recalls popular community events, such as apple butter boilings, quilting and bean stringing parties, church gatherings and barn dances. Mrs. Sampson also recollects the earliest days of Skyline Drive and the impact it had on various mountain communities. At the time of the interview, Chris Brasted was an editor for the Greene County Record newspaper. His interview with Zenith Sampson was the basis for his Life in the Mountains article published in the newspaper on April 1, 1993. A photocopy facsimile of the article is included with the transcript.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_612_c105#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_612_c105","ref_ssm":["vihart_repositories_4_resources_612_c105"],"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_612_c105","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_612","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_612","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_612","parent_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_612","parent_ssim":["Shenandoah National Park oral histories, 1964/1999"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vihart_repositories_4_resources_612"],"title_filing_ssi":"Zenith Shifflett Sampson interviewed by Chris Brasted, transcribed by Tiffany Cole","title_ssm":["Zenith Shifflett Sampson interviewed by Chris Brasted, transcribed by Tiffany Cole"],"title_tesim":["Zenith Shifflett Sampson interviewed by Chris Brasted, transcribed by Tiffany Cole"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Zenith Shifflett Sampson interviewed by Chris Brasted, transcribed by Tiffany Cole, 1993"],"text":["Zenith Shifflett Sampson interviewed by Chris Brasted, transcribed by Tiffany Cole, 1993","Shenandoah National Park oral histories, 1964/1999","Sampson, Zenith S. (Zenith Shifflett), 1922-1994","Brasted, Chris","Cole, Tiffany","Records an interview with Zenith Sampson, (née Shifflett), who lived on Lewis Mountain, in Greene County, Virginia, within the future boundaries of Shenandoah National Park. Describes daily life in the mountains, touching on the work of growing and preserving food, the apple and chestnut harvests, bark peeling, and other local economic activities. Recalls popular community events, such as apple butter boilings, quilting and bean stringing parties, church gatherings and barn dances. Mrs. Sampson also recollects the earliest days of Skyline Drive and the impact it had on various mountain communities. At the time of the interview, Chris Brasted was an editor for the Greene County Record newspaper. His interview with Zenith Sampson was the basis for his Life in the Mountains article published in the newspaper on April 1, 1993. A photocopy facsimile of the article is included with the transcript.","The Library has made a reasonable effort to identify all rights holders, but in this case, the current rights holders remain unknown or are not located. Thus, some of the materials provided here online are made available under an assertion of fair use (17 U.S.C. 107). Responsibility for making an independent legal assessment of an item and securing any necessary permissions ultimately rests with persons desiring to use the item."],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Shenandoah National Park oral histories, 1964/1999"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Shenandoah National Park oral histories, 1964/1999"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1993"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1993 March 11"],"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"component_level_isim":[1],"sort_isi":472,"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"collection_ssim":["Shenandoah National Park oral histories, 1964/1999"],"creator_ssim":["Sampson, Zenith S. (Zenith Shifflett), 1922-1994","Brasted, Chris","Cole, Tiffany"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":3,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection is open for research. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The Library has made a reasonable effort to identify all rights holders, but in this case, the current rights holders remain unknown or are not located. Thus, some of the materials provided here online are made available under an assertion of fair use (17 U.S.C. 107). Responsibility for making an independent legal assessment of an item and securing any necessary permissions ultimately rests with persons desiring to use the item."],"persname_ssim":["Sampson, Zenith S. (Zenith Shifflett), 1922-1994","Brasted, Chris","Cole, Tiffany"],"names_ssim":["Sampson, Zenith S. (Zenith Shifflett), 1922-1994","Brasted, Chris","Cole, Tiffany"],"date_range_isim":[1993],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Zenith Sampson, (née Shifflett), who lived on Lewis Mountain, in Greene County, Virginia, within the future boundaries of Shenandoah National Park. Describes daily life in the mountains, touching on the work of growing and preserving food, the apple and chestnut harvests, bark peeling, and other local economic activities. Recalls popular community events, such as apple butter boilings, quilting and bean stringing parties, church gatherings and barn dances. Mrs. Sampson also recollects the earliest days of Skyline Drive and the impact it had on various mountain communities. At the time of the interview, Chris Brasted was an editor for the Greene County Record newspaper. His interview with Zenith Sampson was the basis for his Life in the Mountains article published in the newspaper on April 1, 1993. A photocopy facsimile of the article is included with the transcript.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Records an interview with Zenith Sampson, (née Shifflett), who lived on Lewis Mountain, in Greene County, Virginia, within the future boundaries of Shenandoah National Park. Describes daily life in the mountains, touching on the work of growing and preserving food, the apple and chestnut harvests, bark peeling, and other local economic activities. Recalls popular community events, such as apple butter boilings, quilting and bean stringing parties, church gatherings and barn dances. Mrs. Sampson also recollects the earliest days of Skyline Drive and the impact it had on various mountain communities. At the time of the interview, Chris Brasted was an editor for the Greene County Record newspaper. His interview with Zenith Sampson was the basis for his Life in the Mountains article published in the newspaper on April 1, 1993. A photocopy facsimile of the article is included with the transcript."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Library has made a reasonable effort to identify all rights holders, but in this case, the current rights holders remain unknown or are not located. Thus, some of the materials provided here online are made available under an assertion of fair use (17 U.S.C. 107). Responsibility for making an independent legal assessment of an item and securing any necessary permissions ultimately rests with persons desiring to use the item.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The Library has made a reasonable effort to identify all rights holders, but in this case, the current rights holders remain unknown or are not located. Thus, some of the materials provided here online are made available under an assertion of fair use (17 U.S.C. 107). Responsibility for making an independent legal assessment of an item and securing any necessary permissions ultimately rests with persons desiring to use the item."],"_nest_path_":"/components#104","timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:57:53.919Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_612","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_612","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_612","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_612","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_612.xml","title_ssm":["Shenandoah National Park oral histories"],"title_tesim":["Shenandoah National Park oral histories"],"unitdate_ssm":["1964-1999"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1964-1999"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1964/1999"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Shenandoah National Park oral histories, 1964/1999"],"text":["Shenandoah National Park oral histories, 1964/1999","SdArch SNP","/repositories/4/resources/612","Shenandoah National Park (Va.)","Shenandoah National Park (Va.) -- History","Mountain life -- Virginia -- Shenandoah National Park -- History","Mountain people -- Virginia -- Shenandoah National Park -- Social life and customs","Collection is open for research. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","The collection is arranged alphabetically by interviewee's surname.","Interview with Cecil B. Graves by Diane Zior Wilhelm, May 10, 1966, SdArch SNP-056, in the Shenandoah National Park Oral History Collection SdArch SNP, Special Collections, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va.","Lambert, Darwin. \"The Undying Past of the Shenandoah National Park.\" Boulder, Co.:  Roberts Rinehart, Inc. Publishers, 1989.","Reeder, Carolyn and Jack. \"Shenandoah Heritage: The Story of the People Before the Park.\" Washington, D.C.: The Potomac Appalachian Trail Club, 1978.","Potomac Appalachian Trail Club. \"History of PATC.\" www.patc.net. https://www.patc.net/PATC/WHO_WE_ARE/Our_History/PATC/Who_We_Are/Our_History.aspx?hkey=4952940f-61c2-48b9-a2ea-35308a2b9381(accessed June 7, 2018).","Beginning in December 1924, groups like the Southern Appalachian National Park Committee and the Shenandoah National Park Association began to champion the project of creating a park in the Blue Ridge Mountains of Virginia. In the spring of 1926, Congress passed the bill authorizing the establishment of the Shenandoah National Park and the subsequent reclamation of lands owned or farmed by mountain residents.  Subsequently over 450 families were relocated from the park boundaries and moved to nearby communities. After the park was officially established in December 1935, the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) began building visitors centers throughout the mountains.","Dorothy Noble Smith (1915-1999) was a native of New Jersey and a graduate of Duke University. She had a distinguished career in banking in New York City before retiring to Luray, Virginia. She was a contributing writer for the Page News and Courier for more than twenty years.  Fascinated by a way of life that was drastically altered with the creation of the Shenandoah National Park in December 1935 she, along with other people associated with the park service, conducted recorded interviews in the late 1970s and early 1980s to document the lives and stories of the former residents of the Blue Ridge Mountains. Her findings based on the oral histories conducted were published in Recollections: The People of the Blue Ridge Remember.","Founded in 1927 on the principles of volunteerism and public service to outdoor enthusiasts, the Potomac Appalachian Trail Club (PATC), headquartered in Vienna, Virginia, is one of 30 trail clubs located in cities along the Appalachian Trail. The PATC's section of trail includes 240 miles beginning at Pine Grove Furnace in Pennsylvania and ending at Rockfish Gap at the southern end of the Shenandoah National Park.  The PATC's activities include building and maintaining trails, cabins, shelters, and publishing a monthly newsletter. PATC members Edward Garvey (1914-1999), Samuel Moore (1920-1999), and Walter Smith conducted interviews in this collection.","Diane Zior Wilhelm (1938-2010) and Eugene Joseph Wilhelm, Jr. conducted many of the earliest interviews within this collection. Diane's interests encompassed Andean Indians, Irish street-traders, New Jersey suburbanites, and Blue Ridge Mountain people focusing on an anthropological perspective. She taught at Middlesex County College in New Jersey from 1967 until her retirement in 2007. A year prior to her death, Dr. Wilhelm was contacted by Special Collections staff, and expressed interest in donating the remainder of her materials and notes from interviews to this collection.  Eugene's interests included geography and ecology.  He wrote his dissertation entitled Folk Georgraphy of the Blue Ridge Mountains while at Texas A \u0026 M. Eugene was a visiting geography professor at the University of Virginia and professor of geography at McGill University in Montreal, Canada. Beginning in 1956, the couple often spent weeks during the summer in the Shenandoah National Park researching and interviewing mountain residents.","Darwin Lambert (1916-2007) was the first employee of the National Park Service at the Shenandoah National Park, hired March 1, 1936.  Interested in the relationship between man and nature, He authored several books pertaining to the Blue Ridge Mountains and the Shenandoah National Park including those listed below in the bibliography and as related material.","This collection was originally housed at the Shenandoah National Park headquarters in Luray, Virginia, but was never served to the public because the oral histories were not considered official park records. In May 2001, under the direction of Cultural Resource Specialist Reed Engle, the collection was donated to James Madison University.","Nearly all original interviews were recorded on five-inch reels. Most recordings had been transferred to audiocassettes, and later migrated to digital format. Most have a corresponding transcript.","The Shenandoah National Park Oral Histories, SdArch SNP (formerly SC# 4030), 1964-1999, consists of 135 interviews of people who were living in the Blue Ridge Mountains of Virginia prior to the creation of the Shenandoah National Park. Most of the interviewees resided on land that was claimed by eminent domain by the Commonwealth of Virginia and subsequently turned over to the U.S. Government in the 1930s. The collection is comprised of 6 Hollinger boxes and 6.6 linear feet of media cabinet drawers of audio, transcripts, and images pertaining to interviews conducted primarily by Dorothy Noble Smith as part of her research for Recollections:  The People of the Blue Ridge Remember in additon to members of the Potomac Appalachian Trail Club, park collaborators Eugene and Diane Zior Wilhelm, Darwin Lambert, and others.","Topics discussed by interviewees include mountain folklife, music, food preservation, traditional medicine, agriculture and harvesting, bark peeling, moonshining, chores and family life, and schooling with additional references to the Civilian Conservation Corp, the New Deal, promoter of Skyland Resort and author George Freeman Pollock, and residents' feelings towards the creation of the Shenandoah National Park.  Interviews conducted by Barbara Wright, Norman Taylor, Gloria Updike, and Ken Steeber were presumably added to the collection separately from the interviews conducted in the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s.","Records the reminiscences of Arlene Carr Abell who grew up in Sugar Hollow, Virginia, prior to the establishment of Shenandoah National Park in 1934. Describes her home and family life, schooling, holidays and community events. Among the topics discussed are the growing, harvesting and preserving of food, corn shucking and apple butter boiling parties, wild game hunting, home remedies and folk medicine. Includes references to holiday celebrations, mountain music, her father's occupation as a tanner and tales of local moonshiner.","Records the reminiscences of Ada \"Addie\" Anderson, (née Smith), with contributions from Vallie Cave, Beulah Sirbaugh and Nell Woodward. Due to the conversational nature of the interview, only Mrs. Anderson's and the interviewer's remarks are identified in the transcript, with comments from the other participants dispersed throughout. Describes home and family life, daily chores, schooling, holidays and community events. Among the topics discussed are the growing, harvesting and preserving of food, soap making, raising livestock and wild game hunting. Includes numerous references to and anecdotes about family members, friends and neighbors known to all four women.","Records the reminiscences of Beulah Atkins, who grew up in Beech Spring, Virginia prior to the establishment of Shenandoah National Park in 1934. Describes her home and family life, schooling, holidays and community events. Among the topics discussed are the growing, harvesting and preserving of food, soap making, collecting ginseng and wild game hunting. Includes references to the local Civilian Conservation Corps camp, wakes and funerals, and her work with her father and husband in the barrel making business.","Records the reminiscences of Elmer Atkins, who was born and raised near Beech Spring, Virginia prior to the establishment of Shenandoah National Park in 1934. Describes his home and family life, schooling, holidays and community events. Among the topics discussed are farming, raising of livestock, log homes and the local bark peeling industry. Includes references to revival meetings, wakes and funerals, herbal remedies, moonshining, the Influenza Epidemic of 1918-1919 and the chestnut tree blight that decimated the species in the early decades of the 20th century. Mr. Atkins also comments on the forced eviction of his family and neighbors to make way for the construction of the national park.","Records the reminiscences of sisters Sallie Atkins and Leila Dodson, who were raised in in a one room log cabin near Hazel Mountain, Virginia, prior to the establishment of Shenandoah National Park in 1934. They are joined by childhood friend, Beulah Atkins, who lived nearby. Describes home and family life, daily chores, schooling, holidays and community events. Among the topics discussed are the growing, harvesting and preserving of food, soap making, raising livestock and wild game hunting. Includes references to the tan bark industry, wakes and funerals, and local shoemakers and merchants","Records the reminiscences of Louise Wood Austin, who grew up in Sugar Hollow, Virginia, prior to the establishment of Shenandoah National Park in 1934. Mrs. Austin and her interviewer, John Dooms, returned to the section of Shenandoah National Park where her family home stood until 1941. Describes her home life and family history, including members of her extended family who represent a cross section of local family names. Among the topics discussed are the growing, harvesting and preserving of food, raising livestock, home remedies and folk medicine. Recalls cattle drives from Ivy, Va., to summer pastures in Jarman Gap, itinerant Syrian peddlers, midwives and square dances. Discusses several small businesses operated by her father and uncles, including a blacksmith shop, distillery and coffin making shop.","Records the reminiscences of four Virginia residents who grew up near the Black Rock Springs Hotel, in Black Rock Gap, Virginia. The Black Rock Springs Hotel was a popular tourist destination in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, both for its scenic views and for the natural mineral springs for which it was named. The participants discuss the history of the hotel, their own memories of the grounds and buildings and the hotel's destruction by fire in 1909. Includes references to people associated with the hotel and springs, as well as many of the families and local people who lived near the hotel in its heyday. The site where the hotel stood was incorporated into Shenandoah National Park in the 1930s.","Records the reminiscences of Joseph J. Baldwin, who grew up near the Big Meadows area of what would become Shenandoah National Park. Describes home and family life, daily chores, schooling, holidays and community events. Among the topics discussed are the growing, harvesting and preserving of food, dairy cows, traditional herbal medicines and fur trapping. Includes references to weddings, wakes and funerals, moonshiners, the chestnut tree blight and severe local droughts in the1930s.","Records the reminiscences of Harold Baugher who grew up in Swift Run, Virginia, in the 1930s, on a farm that became part of Shenandoah National Park. Describes home and family life, daily chores, schooling, holidays and community events. Among the topics discussed are the growing, harvesting and preserving of food, traditional herbal medicines and apple orchards. Includes references to wakes and funerals, sorghum production, bark peeling, Kris Kringling and the evictions of local families to make way for the national park.","Records an interview with Virginia Taylor, (née Haney), who grew up the Blue Ridge Mountains, near Greene County, Va. Describes daily life in the mountains, where her family operated a general store. Gives her recollections of the mountain people and describes in detail her family's experience resettling in Wolftown, Virginia, after the opening of Shenandoah National Park. Mrs. Taylor's family soon relocated to Stanardsville, where she attended high school in the late 1930s. Describes the uneasy social interactions between the local population and the sudden influx of rural mountain people into their community. There is no audio recording for this interview; interview consists of transcript only.","Records the reminiscences of Isaac W. Beahm, who was born in the Batman Hollow area of Page County, Virginia, on a farm that would eventually become part of Shenandoah National Park. Describes his early home life, the loss of both parents when he was six years old, and the difficulties of running a small farm at the beginning of the 20th century. Recalls his school days at the Rocky Branch School, farm chores, and various odd jobs he held, such as working at local saw mills and tanneries, as well as helping to construct Skyline Drive. Discusses family gatherings, such as apple butter boilings, hog butchering and the folk music and dancing that often ensued. The interview was conducted at the home of Mr. Beahm's daughter, who is not named in the interview, but whose comments are interspersed throughout. Both Mr. Beahm and his daughter mention participating in the dedication ceremonies for the park, conducted by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1936. The Beahms were one of the few families to move from the area voluntarily, prior to the opening of the park.","Records the reminiscences of Lyle E. Beahm, who was born in the Jewell Hollow area of Page County, Virginia, on a farm that would eventually become part of Shenandoah National Park. Describes his early home and family life, school days at the Shenk Hollow School, farm chores,and folk remedies. Discusses family gatherings, such as apple butter boilings, hog butchering and funerals. Briefly mentions the Civilian Conservation Corps, racial segregation and intra-family marriages. An unnamed woman, identified only as Mrs. in the transcript, and believed to be Eva Sours, contributes to the interview as well.","Records the reminiscences of George Berry, who was born in the Cool Springs area near Fishers Gap, Virginia, in a log house on land that would eventually become part of Shenandoah National Park. Describes his early home and family life, school days at the Forrest Dale School, farm chores,and folk remedies. Discusses family gatherings, folk music, bark peeling and local moonshiners. Recalls his experiences working for the New Deal relief programs, the National Youth Administration as a boy, and later for its parent program, the Works Progress Administration. Mr. Berry recalls playing folk music for tourists at scenic stops along Skyline drive. Also discussed are the evictions of families from their homes, subsequently located within park boundaries, and the long term social and economic effects on those people over the following decades.","Records an interview with Edward D. Freeland, Superintendent of Shenandoah National Park from 1942 to 1950. Mr. Freeland describes conditions at the park at the beginning of World War II. With the onset of the war, the federal government ended the Civilian Conservation Corps project, (CCC), the single largest source of labor for the National Park Service, as most CCC personnel went into the armed services. The CCC laborers were eventually replaced by men from the Civilian Public Service, (CPS), the national program through which conscientious objectors could perform their national service. Gas rationing and travel restrictions greatly reduced the number of visitors to the park during the war years. Discusses the controversy surrounding post-war racial integration of the park, the creation and expansion of Skyline Drive and the Appalachian trail, living conditions among the local mountain people prior to the establishment of the park and the activities of local moonshiners. Numerous individuals associated with Shenandoah National Park, the National Park Service and the Virginia Sky-Line Company are mentioned throughout the interview.","Records the reminiscences of John Bradley, who grew up near the Jewell Hollow area of what would become Shenandoah National Park. Describes home and family life, daily chores, schooling, holidays and community events. Among the topics discussed are the growing, harvesting and preserving of food, grist mills, traditional herbal medicines and fur trapping. Includes references to the weddings, wakes and funerals, moonshiners and licensed distillers, toll roads and Skyline Drive. Also refers briefly to local military skirmishes during the Civil War. Mr. Bradley describes communal activities such as apple butter boilings and occasions known locally as frolics where farm families would gather to help their neighbors plow fields or clear away stones. Discusses the impact of the forced eviction of local residents to make way for the national park. Also present for the interview was Mr. Bradley's wife, who is identified only as Mrs. Bradley in the transcript, but whose comments appear throughout.","Records the reminiscences of Everett Breeden, who grew up on Tanners Ridge, in Page County, Virginia prior to the establishment of Shenandoah National Park in 1934. Also contributing to the interview is Mr. Breeden's wife, whose first name is not mentioned. Mrs. Breeden gives her maiden name as Thomas, and identifies her father as William Henry Thomas, also of Page County. Based on this information, she is believed to be Junie Catherine Breeden. Together, they describe their early home and family lives, schooling, holidays and community events. Among the topics discussed are the growing, harvesting and preserving of food, soap making, folk medicine and wild game hunting. Includes references to the local Civilian Conservation Corps camp, burial rites, and midwives. Mr. Breeden worked on the construction of Camp Hoover, also known as Rapidan Camp, which was the first presidential retreat. President Herbert Hoover commissioned the construction of the facility in 1929, which he later donated to Shenandoah National Park. Mr. Breeden recounts meeting and speaking with the president on several occasions at the retreat, which Mr. Hoover referred to as his Summer White House.","Records the reminiscences of Preston Breeden, who was born in 1917 and raised on a small farm where Pocosin Cabin now stands near the Appalachian Trail route through Shenandoah National Park. Mr. Breeden was interviewed by Edward B. Garvey and Samuel Moore of the Potomac Appalachian Trail Club, (PATC), which maintains the cabin, and Charles Anibal, Assistant Park Naturalist for Shenandoah National Park (SNP). The tone of the interview is largely conversational, with all four men contributing information about the region at the time of the founding and construction of Shenandoah National Park in the 1930s. Mr. Breeden describes his youth and early home life on the farm, including the crops grown by his family and the livestock they raised. Discusses his early working years in the local saw mills and barrel stave mills, hauling wood for the tan bark industry and his two-year stint with the Civilian Conservation Corps, where he worked as a foreman during the construction of Skyline Drive. The group visits the remains of the Upper Pocosin Mission, an Episcopal church where Mr. Breeden's mother and aunt lived briefly after their home was taken by the state by eminent domain. Mr. Breeden recalls the general mood of the local community regarding their forced evictions by the state of Virginia. He speaks at length of many of the local families, prominent landowners and small businessmen. Includes comments on the area's fish and wild game in his youth, the annual apple and chestnut harvests, general stores, cemeteries, grist mills and the activities of some local moonshiners.","Records the reminiscences of Weldon Burke, who grew up near the summit of Hazel Mountain, Virginia, prior to the establishment of Shenandoah National Park in 1934. Describes home and family life, daily chores, schooling, holidays and community events. Among the topics discussed are the growing, harvesting and preserving of food, raising livestock and gathering wild chestnuts and ginseng. Includes references to the tan bark industry, wakes and funerals, local merchants, and moonshiners.","Records the reminiscences of James Burner, who was born in Page County, Virginia, not far from the future site of Shenandoah National Park. Mr. Burner served in the Civilian Conservation Corps, (CCC), during the construction of the park and later became a park ranger in the National Park Service. Describes his experiences working with local mountaineer men in the CCC camps, their history and social conditions in the 1930s. Mr. Burner refers to numerous local mountain families and prominent individuals involved in the creation of the park. Topics include mountain agriculture and wildlife, folk music and dancing, traditional medicines, clothing, schooling, feuds and moonshiners. Mr. Burner was present at the founding of the first CCC camps in Virginia and discusses them in great detail. As a naturalist and conservationist, he discusses the local flora and fauna of the region in great depth as well. Identifies numerous local plant and animal species and their habitats. Comments on early efforts to rebuild the local deer population while reducing the number of wild bears. Comments on the social and economic effects of the Chestnut Blight of the 1930s on local families.","Records an interview with Edna Elizabeth Burrill, (née Browning), regarding her uncle, James Burrill, who sold a large parcel of land to the state of Virginia in the 1930s to be used for Shenandoah National Park. Mrs. Burrill is joined by her two daughters, Mary Ellen Jennings and Gladys Peaches Burrill, both of Luray, Va. James Burrill was born in Leeds, England, around 1850 and emigrated to the United States as a young man. Burrill soon established himself in America and sent for his wife Ellen, also of Leeds, to join him. Over the next thirty years, James Burrill would achieve great success in a number of business opportunities which enabled him to act as benefactor for numerous civic and commercial ventures in Page County. Mrs. Burrill recalls her uncle's sale of land, estimated at 4,200 acres, to the state at prices ranging from $2.50 to $10.00 dollars per acre. Also mentioned is James Burrill's contribution to the establishment of the Deford Tannery, (later known as Virginia Oak Tannery), and the founding of Christ Episcopal Church of Luray.","Records the reminiscences of Walter Carter, whose family owned apple orchards on Dickey Ridge, just south of Front Royal, Virginia, in the decades preceding the establishment of Shenandoah National Park. Describes the physical layout of the the orchards and surrounding towns. Discusses the demise of the apple industry in that part of the Shenandoah Valley due to a shrinking work force, as local families were evicted by the state to make room for the park. In the years prior to the Second World War, the primary customer for the Carter's apples, the United Kingdom, placed restrictive tariffs on U.S. grown apples which made it impossible to compete with fruit from Canada and New Zealand. The second part of the interview consists of a driving tour of the orchard area, with Mr. Carter describing the former locations of buildings, roads, home sites and cemeteries. The group is joined by Mr. Carter's wife, Caroline Carter, whose own recollections and comments are included in the discussion. The Carters make numerous references to local families and landowners. Includes comments on the construction of Skyline Drive, which, while providing north-south access along the crests of the Blue Ridge Mountains, resulted in the closing of numerous east-west routes across the mountains.","Records the reminiscences of Mr. and Mrs. Elzie Cave, who were born and raised in Dark Hollow, Virginia prior to the establishment of Shenandoah National Park in 1934. Mrs. Cave's full name is not given in the course of the interview, but an accompanying typed manuscript gives her name as Lula Breeden Cave. Describes their early home and family lives, schooling, marriage, holidays and community events. Among the topics discussed are farming, raising of livestock, local wildlife and the bark peeling industry. Includes references to Civil War ancestors, wakes and funerals, herbal remedies and the weather extremes of drought and record snows in the 1920s and 30s.","Mr. Cave leads a walking and driving tour of the area around the Cave family homestead in Dark Hollow, Virginia, where he was raised prior to the establishment of Shenandoah National Park in 1934. The tour includes a stop at the Cave family cemetery, where Mr. Cave identifies the grave sites of his extended family, going back to the Civil War, and explains the genealogy of the various family members interred there. Includes references to Civil War era ancestors, moonshiners, bark peeling, copper mining, ginseng and chestnut harvesting, and other natural features of Dark Hollow.","Records the reminiscences of Evidell Cave, who was born and raised in Dark Hollow, Virginia, prior to the establishment of Shenandoah National Park in 1934. Describes her early home and family life, schooling, marriage, holidays and community events. Among the topics discussed are farming and food preservation, livestock, local wildlife, and the bark peeling industry. Includes references to local families, moonshine, herbal remedies, Camp Hoover and the effects of the chestnut tree blight on the local economy.","Records the reminiscences of Ralph Cave, who was born and raised in Dark Hollow, Virginia, prior to the establishment of Shenandoah National Park in 1934. Describes his early home and family life, schooling, marriage and community events. Mr. Cave recounts the history of the Cave family in Dark Hollow as well as marriages and other interactions between the Caves and other local families. Numerous references are made to individual members of the Breeden, Thomas, and Weakley families. Describes his own experiences working on Skyline Drive and Camp Hoover in the early 1930s, as well as his personal memories of Skyland developer, George Pollock. Among the topics discussed are farming, raising of livestock, local wildlife and the bark peeling industry. Includes references to community activities such as corn shucking and apple butter boiling, herbal remedies and the record snows in the 1920s and 30s.","Records the reminiscences of Vallie Cave, (née Thomas), and her brother, Floyd Thomas, who were born and raised near Bootens Gap, Virginia, prior to the establishment of Shenandoah National Park in 1934. Describes home and family life, daily chores, schooling, holidays and community events. Among the topics discussed are the growing, harvesting and preserving of food, soap making, raising livestock and wild game hunting. Includes references to trapping, moonshining, courtship, the chestnut tree blight, Camp Hoover and meetings with President Hoover. This collection includes two copies of the typed transcript, which note that the transcript is unfinished, with approximately another 15 minutes of taped interview remaining. Also included is a handwritten transcript containing minor notes omitted from the typed copies.","Records a brief interview with Charles Chapman, a life-long resident of Luray, Virginia, and a carillonneur of international renown. Mr. Chapman's father owned a grocery store in Luray that served many of the local mountain families from 1904 until the 1940s. Recalls his earliest memories of the mountain people and their transactions with his father. Includes references to the annual chestnut harvest and seasonal mountain wildfires. Mr. Chapman also reminisces about local entrepreneur, George Pollock, owner of nearby Skyland resort.","Records the reminiscences of Mary Early, (née Leonard), who lived in New Hope, not far from the Black Rock Springs Hotel, in Black Rock Gap, Virginia. The Black Rock Springs Hotel was a popular tourist destination in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, both for its scenic views and for the natural mineral springs for which it was named. Mrs. Early recounts her memories of the grounds and buildings and the popularity of the site in the years following the hotel's destruction by fire in 1909. Includes references to people associated with the hotel and springs, as well as many of the families and local people who lived near the hotel in its heyday. The site where the hotel stood was incorporated into Shenandoah National Park in the 1930s. Joining Mrs. Early in the interview is her son-in-law, George Coyner.","Consists of a fragmentary recording of Wallace Ross Coffey and his wife, Martha, (née Goode). The discussion focuses on Martha Coffey's upcoming birthday and the Coffey's 50th wedding anniversary coming up on September 12, 1964.","Records the reminiscences of Lucille V. Coffman, (née Blose), and her husband, who is not named in the interview, but is believed to be Benjamin P. Coffman, both of whom grew up near the southern edge of Shenandoah National Park. Describes home and family life, daily chores, schooling, holidays and community events. Among the topics discussed are the growing, harvesting and preserving of food, raising livestock, wild game hunting and fishing. Includes references to the herbal remedies, moonshiners, the Influenza Epidemic of 1918 and the chestnut tree blight of the early part of the 20th century. Refers to the origins of the Blose family in Virginia and interactions between the mountain people and locals living in the Shenandoah Valley.","Records the reminiscences of Rufus and Hazel Cline, (née Garber), who lived in New Hope, not far from the Black Rock Springs Hotel, in Black Rock Gap, Virginia. The Black Rock Springs Hotel was a popular tourist destination in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, both for its scenic views and for the natural mineral springs for which it was named. Mr. and Mrs. Cline recount their memories of the grounds and buildings and the popularity of the site in the years following the hotel's destruction by fire in 1909. Includes references to people associated with the hotel and springs, as well as many of the families and local people who lived near the hotel in its heyday. The site where the hotel stood was incorporated into Shenandoah National Park in the 1930s.","Records an interview conducted by Edward Garvey of the Potomac Appalachian Trail Club (PATC) with George Corbin, who lived in Nicholson Hollow, Virginia from 1888 to 1938. The Corbin homestead was located on part of the land turned over to the NPS by the state of Virginia in the 1930s. Corbin describes the circumstances at the time of the construction of the log cabin he built for his family in 1909. The logs for the cabin were harvested locally by Corbin, who then cut and shaped them using axes and other hand tools. Corbin recalls the day of the house raising when ten friends and neighbors joined him to assemble all of the walls and rafters within the course of a single day. The cabin was later turned over to the PATC for use as a trail shelter in 1954, and is listed on the National Registry of Historic Buildings as the George T. Corbin Cabin. Edward Garvey was part of the PATC crew that restored the cabin for public use. Corbin elaborates on local methods of raising and storing crops and vegetables, collecting tan bark, funerals and burial rituals, and gives a detailed account of his experiences distilling moonshine. Includes a discussion on the Corbin and Nicholson family cemetery, as well as the local schoolhouse and church. Mr. Corbin speaks at length of the genealogies of the Corbins and the Nicholsons, as well as many of the other local mountain families. Included are anecdotes regarding businessman and entrepreneur George Pollock, owner of Skyland resort, and several local residents.","Records an interview with George Corbin, who leads a party of researchers from the National Park Service (NPS) and the Potomac Appalachian Trail Club (PATC) on a walking tour of the Corbin homestead in Nicholson Hollow. The primary interviewer does not identify himself on the tape, but does name Edward Garvey of the PATC as a member of the group, and another participant gives his name as Paul Lee. The Corbin homestead was located on part of the land turned over to the NPS by the state of Virginia in the 1930s. Corbin identifies the sites of a number of homesteads and the names of their former occupants, including a tour of the cabin he built in 1909, which was turned over to the PATC for use as a trail shelter and is listed on the National Registry of Historic Buildings as the George T. Corbin Cabin. The tour includes a visit to the Corbin and Nicholson family cemetery and the site of the local schoolhouse. Mr. Corbin speaks at length of the genealogies of the Corbins and the Nicholsons, as well as many of the other local mountain families. Included are numerous anecdotes regarding businessman and entrepreneur George Pollock, owner of Skyland resort, and a discussion of the activities of several area moonshiners, including Mr. Corbin. The last quarter of the interview features the comments of an unidentified woman presumably a relative of Mr. Corbin.","Records an interview with Robert H. Corbin, who leads a party of researchers from the National Park Service (NPS), the Potomac Appalachian Trail Club (PATC) and several family members on a walking tour of Nicholson Hollow. The primary interviewers are Allen Tanner of the PATC and Paul Lee of the NPS. Additional questions and commentary are provided by Mr. Corbin's son, Joe, and other family members. The Corbin homestead was located on part of the land turned over to the NPS by the state of Virginia in the 1930s. The primary focus of the tour was the identification of home sites and their owners along the length of Nicholson Hollow. Discusses home and family life in the mountains, including the tan bark industry, apple, chestnut and ginseng harvesting, food cultivation and preservation, and the moonshine business. Community gatherings, such as weddings, funerals, corn husking and apple butter boiling parties are also discussed, with passing mentions of Camp Hoover and local entrepreneur George Pollock, owner of nearby Skyland resort. Mr. Corbin, who was nearly 80 years old, gives an extensive account of many of the inhabitants of Nicholson and Corbin Hollows, as well as Corbin Mountain. The second eldest of 21 children, Corbin was related by blood or marriage to most of the surrounding families. Some of the more notable relatives mentioned include Corbin's cousin George T. Corbin, builder of the landmark Corbin Cabin, Aaron Nicholson and Phinnel Fennel Corbin, who were both featured in George Pollock's book Skyland: Heart of the Shenandoah Valley. Corbin describes two local murders, including that of his father, William J. Corbin, who was killed by a family member, John Nicholson, in 1922.","Records an interview with Clarence Somers, who planted and maintained the Judd Gardens at Skyland Resort from 1922 to 1945. Judd Gardens were named for George and Marianna Judd of Washington, DC, who owned several lots and cabins at Skyland, including the land where the gardens were laid out in 1910. Mrs. Judd was allowed to remain at Skyland after the property was incorporated into Shenandoah National Park in 1936, until her death in 1958. The gardens were abandoned by order of the National Park Service in 1945. The interview consists chiefly of comparisons of plants and trees found at during a recent botanical survey of the site of the gardens, conducted by Jim Cotter of the National Park Service, with Mr. Somers' recollection of the garden plantings through 1945. Comments by a woman identified only as Mrs. Somers, (believed to be Beulah V. Somers, (née Sours)), occur throughout the interview, as do references to George F. Pollock, owner of Skyland Resort.","Records the reminiscences of Virgil Corbin, who was born and raised in Corbin Cabin, in Nicholson Hollow, Virginia prior to the establishment of Shenandoah National Park in 1934. Describes his home and family life, holidays and community events. Among the topics discussed are farming, raising of livestock, hunting, fishing and food preservation techniques. Includes references to weddings, wakes and funerals, herbal remedies, moonshining, and ginseng. Mr. Corbin also speaks of relatives from both the Corbin and Nicholson sides of his family, including his father, George T. Corbin, his grandfather and two great-uncles who served in the Confederate army. Includes a two page manuscript, written by Mr. Corbin, titled From a Primitive Life to Modern Living. Corbin Cabin was the homestead built by George Corbin in 1910 and is one of the few intact cabins remaining in Shenandoah National Park. It was turned over to the Potomac Appalachian Trail Club in the 1950s, restored and currently serves as a popular trail shelter. The building is listed on the National Registry of Historic Buildings as the George T. Corbin Cabin. See SdArch no. SNP-33 for an interview with George Corbin.","Records the reminiscences of Claud W. Cullers, a lifelong resident of Rileyville, Virginia, who raised cattle throughout the 1920s and 1930s. Mr. Cullers would move his cattle to mountain pastures each year, where they would graze into the fall. Describes his memories of the local mountain people, their modes of living and sources of income. Discusses the bark and lumber industries, chestnut, apple and berry harvests, and prominent local moonshiners. A woman with the surname Keyser, identified as Mrs. Cullers' niece, also contributes to the interview.","Records the reminiscences of Bennie Cupp, his grandmother, Lula Roach, and his aunt, Hazel Marshall Roach, who lived near Rocky Bar, Virginia, an area that became part of Shenandoah National Park. Much of the interview centers around the reminiscences of Lula Roach, who was 95 years old at the time and who recalled many details of everyday life in the Blue Ridge Mountains around the turn of the 20th century. Describes home and family life, school days, farm chores, livestock, wild game and folk remedies. Discusses family gatherings, such as holidays, apple butter boilings, hog butchering and funerals. Other topics include the various means of earning a living available to the local residents, such as bark peeling, cutting poles and ties for the railroads, the apple, chestnut and ginseng harvests and the production of moonshine.","Records the reminiscences of Randal Dean, who was born and raised on Dean Mountain, near Elkton, Virginia, an area that became part of Shenandoah National Park. Describes home and family life, school days, farm chores, livestock and his work in his father's saw mill. Discusses family gatherings, such as holidays, apple butter boilings, hog butchering and funerals. Includes references to bark peeling and local moonshiners.","Records the reminiscences of Lola Dean, who moved to the Pine Grove area, bordering Shenandoah National Park, in 1950. The interview deals chiefly with her memories and impressions of the mountain people who lived in the area at that time. Includes references to the gardens and livestock raised by the local people, their methods of food preservation, popular holiday traditions and the problems resulting from long-term intermarriage within small communities. Several references to the works of Episcopal missionary, Deaconess Mary Sandys Hutton, occur throughout the interview.","Records the reminiscences of Mamie Dearing, who grew up near Dark Hollow, Virginia, prior to the establishment of Shenandoah National Park. Describes her early home and family life, household chores, and school days. Discusses the growing, harvesting and preserving of food, hog butchering, apple butter boilings and herbal remedies. Includes references to holidays, weddings, funerals, and courting.","Records the reminiscences of Estelle Dodson, (née Nicholson), who grew up in a log house in Corbin Hollow, Virginia, prior to the establishment of Shenandoah National Park. Describes her early home and family life, household chores, and school days. Discusses the difficulties of making a living in the mountains during the Great Depression and her father's work as a basket maker. Other sources of income included harvesting chestnuts and ginseng, and selling flowers and berries at nearby Skyland Resort. Recalls numerous members of the Dodson, Nicholson and Corbin families, including her grandfather, David Nicholson and her first cousin, George Corbin, who built Corbin Cabin in 1910. Also includes anecdotes regarding George Pollock, local entrepreneur and owner of Skyland, and the importance of the resort to the local economy. Estelle Dodson's mother-in-law, who is only identified in the interview as Mrs. Dodson, contributes to the interview throughout. A note written on one of the transcripts identifies her as Mrs. Odie Dodson.","Records a fragment of an interview with Hunter Dodson, who grew up near Corbin Hollow, Virginia, and is described as a ranger at Shenandoah National Park. Describes the lifestyles of the mountain people who lived in the area prior to the establishment of the park, and some of the various means of making a living that were available to them at that time. Also includes references to George Pollock, local entrepreneur and owner of Skyland, and the importance of the resort to the local economy. In June, 2009, Dr. Diane Zior Wilhelm donated photocopies of her field notes from this interview to JMU Special Collections.","Records the reminiscences of Reverend John Dubosq, who came to the Naked Creek Mission in Jollett Hollow in 1932. Describes his early years as a minister among the mountain people and their acceptance of him into their tight-knit community. Recalls his pastoral duties delivering sermons and officiating at weddings and funerals. Describes the lifestyles of the mountain people, their means of growing and preserving food, as well as the fruit, chestnut and ginseng harvests. Also reflects on the importance of moonshine to the local economy.","Records the reminiscences of Irene Eppard, (née Breeden), who was born and raised near Thorofare Mountain, in Rockingham County, Virgina, and lived there until the local families were evicted in 1936. Describes her early home and school life, popular community gatherings such as corn shucking and apple butter boiling parties, as well as courting, wedding and funeral rituals. Includes references to the gardens and livestock raised by the mountain people, their methods of food preservation and popular holiday traditions.","Records the reminiscences of Charles Estes, who owned a sawmill and several other businesses near Piney River, in Rappahannock County, Virgina, in the 1920s and 30s. Describes the everyday lives of the mountain people who lived around Piney River, popular community gatherings such as hog and beef butchering and apple butter boiling parties, as well as courting, wedding and funeral rituals. Includes references to the gardens and livestock raised by the mountain people, their methods of food preservation and popular holiday traditions. Discusses the various means available for earning money, such as bark peeling, barrel stave making, apple picking and moonshining. Includes anecdotes regarding Virginia governor Harry Byrd and local entrepreneur George Pollock, owner of Skyland resort. A woman identified only as Mrs. Estes provides an extensive description of many common herbal remedies employed by the mountain people, as well as additional commentary throughout.","Records the reminiscences of Fisher Finks and his wife, Myrtle Hurt Finks, who lived near the Big Meadows area of Shenandoah National Park until the mid 1920s. Opens with Mr. Finks reading from family documents that establish the presence of the Finks family in Virginia dating back to 1736. Describes daily life in the mountains, including local agriculture, livestock production and food preservation, as well as the important tan bark industry. Discusses popular community events, such as weddings and funerals, corn husking, apple butter boilings and courting. Recalls the traditional remedies used for common ailments and injuries, as well as a brief discussion on deadly diphtheria outbreaks and the Influenza Epidemic of 1918. Includes discussions of race relations in the region, the prevalence of moonshine and its possible connection to numerous local murders. Also recalls local entrepreneur, George Pollock, owner of Skyland resort and the construction of Camp Hoover, the presidential retreat created by Herbert Hoover.","Records a walking tour led by Vastine Fisher, whose family lived in the Blue Ridge Mountains near McCormick Gap for generations, until the last access roads were closed to make way for Skyline Drive and Shenandoah National Park in the 1930s. Mr. Fisher's grandparents moved off the mountain to nearby property they owned, outside the boundaries of the park. The tour begins near the log cabin where Mr. Fisher's father was born and proceeds to various locations around Calf Mountain, Dean Mountain, Sugar Hollow, Cavalry's Hollow, and Buck's Elbow Mountain.","Records the reminiscences of Annie Fox, who lived in Fox Hollow, near Front Royal, Virginia, briefly after her marriage in the 1930s. Describes daily life in the mountains, including local agriculture, livestock production and food preservation, courting rituals and folk music.","Records an interview with Butler Franklin, (née Butler-Brayne Thornton Robinson), a direct descendant of Francis Thornton, III, who built a plantation near Sperryville, Virginia, in the 1740s. Mrs. Franklin contends that several prominent geographic features now located in Shenandoah National Park, including Thornton Gap, the Thornton River and Mary's Rock, were named for Francis Thornton and his descendants. Includes a genealogical history of the Thornton family in Virginia, from William Thornton, III, who emigrated from England in the 1640s, through Col. John Thornton, who married Jane Washington, aunt of the future first president. Discusses several Thornton estates, including Montpelier, the plantation built on the Rappahannock River near Sperryville, and the Thornton ancestral home, Fall Hill, in Fredericksburg ,where Mrs. Franklin resided at the time of the interview.","Records the reminiscences of Joseph Fray, who was a member of the Chamber of Commerce in Madison County, Virginia, in the 1920s, and witness to the events that led to the founding of Camp Hoover, Skyline Drive and Shenandoah National Park. Describes the work of local, state and federal officials in the planning and construction of Camp Hoover, also known as Rapidan Camp, which was a rustic retreat where President and Mrs. Hoover could escape the heat and congestion of Washington, DC. Fray reflects on the impact Camp Hoover had on Madison County, both as a works project and through the numerous benefits, such as roads, schools, and even air mail delivery, that came in the wake of its construction. Discusses the impetus Camp Hoover had on the founding of Skyline Drive and ultimately, Shenandoah National Park. Includes references to the lives of the mountain people and their sources of income, such as tan bark peeling and basket weaving, and local entrepreneur, George Pollock, owner of Skyland resort. A woman identified in the transcript as Mrs. Fray also contributes to the interview.","Records the reminiscences of Homer and Virgie Frazier, (née Dwyer), who were born and raised near Sperryville, Virginia. Describes daily life in the mountains, including local agriculture, livestock production and food preservation, courting rituals and folk music. Discusses the annual cattle drives from the lowlands to the mountain pastures.","Records the reminiscences of Miley Frazier, who was born in 1900 near Patterson Ridge, in what would become the Southern Section of Shenandoah National Park. Describes daily life in the mountains, including local agriculture, livestock production and food preservation, courting rituals and folk music. Discusses the annual cattle drives from the lowlands to the mountain pastures. Discusses the importance of seasonal harvests, including chestnuts, huckleberries and tan bark, to the local economy.","Records the reminiscences of Harold Garrison, who lived near Browns Gap, in what would become the Southern Section of Shenandoah National Park. Describes daily life in the mountains, including local agriculture, livestock production and food preservation, courting rituals and folk music. Discusses the importance of seasonal harvests, including chestnuts, ginseng and tan bark, to the local economy. Includes comments on moonshining, local murders and a 1954 plane crash on nearby Calf Mountain. The second half of the interview takes place in a Park Service vehicle as the two interviewers drive Mr. Garrison through the Browns Gap and Browns Cove areas of the park as he identifies local landmarks and home sites. The primary interviewer identifies herself as Janice Erkel, however there is no written documentation on the exact spelling of her name. The other interviewer is identified only as Tim, and as the driver of the vehicle, is presumably affiliated with Shenandoah National Park.","Records an interview with Louis Grannis, who operated a sawmill on Mt. Marshall, near Browntown, Virginia in the early 1920s. The mill produced railroad ties of various sizes, as well as telephone poles, until the commonwealth banned such activities in the proposed park area in 1924. Grannis discusses the economics and logistics of operating a mill in such an isolated location. A woman identified in the transcript as Mrs. Grannis also contributes to the interview.","Records an interview with Cecil Graves, who taught in the Page County school system in the mid-1930s prior to becoming School Superintendent in 1944. Describes his impressions of the mountain people who had been relocated to Page County to make way for Shenandoah National Park. Discusses the difficulties many encountered in adjusting to their new lives in the Valley.","Records an interview with Matt Graves Sr., leads a small group on a driving tour of a section of Shenandoah National Park near Syria, Virginia. Mr. Graves lived in the region prior to the opening of the park and was able to identify the sites and former owners of numerous homesteads, mills and cemeteries in the vicinity of Milam Gap. Also participating in the interview are Phil Hastings and John Dooms, naturalists affiliated with Shenandoah National Park.","Records an interview with Frances Grove and her brother, J. Maurice Grove, whose father owned large tracts of land in the Rocky Branch area of what later became Shenandoah National Park. The Grove family raised beef cattle at the time and Mr. Grove would drive hundreds of head of cattle to mountain pastures each summer, and then on to the rail yards in New Market in the fall. Describes cattle raising, food production, and preservation. Includes references to local entrepreneur, George Freeman Pollock, owner of nearby Skyland resort.","Records an interview with Paul Harris, who grew up in the Brown's Gap area of what would become Shenandoah National Park. The Harris family owned a small farm and would supplement their income by tending herds of dairy cows brought up to the mountain pastures each summer. As partial payment, the family would keep the milk produced by the cows, selling it, homemade butter, eggs and other produce to the nearby Black Rock Springs Hotel. Discusses social life in the mountains, the raising of livestock and produce, as well as the moonshine business. Includes a photocopy of a leaf of sheet music and lyrics titled, The Blue Ridge Mountaineer, which was written by Mr. Harris' father, E. A. Harris, in the 1930s. Mr. Harris' brother, Roy Harris, is the subject of an additional interview in this series, SdArch no. SNP-60.","Records an interview with Roy Harris, who grew up in the Brown's Gap area of what would become Shenandoah National Park. The Harris family owned a small farm and would supplement their income by tending herds of dairy cows brought up to the mountain pastures each summer. As partial payment, the family would keep the milk produced by the cows, selling it, homemade butter, eggs and other produce to the nearby Black Rock Springs Hotel. Discusses social life in the mountains, the raising of livestock and produce, as well as the moonshine business. Mr. Harris' brother, Paul Harris, is the subject of an additional interview in this series, SdArch no. SNP-59. A woman identified only as Mrs. Harris in the transcript adds several comments throughout the interview.","Records an interview with James Hickerson, who grew up in Hickerson Hollow, near Front Royal, Virginia, prior to the establishment of Shenandoah National Park. Discusses home and school life, livestock and vegetable production, herbal remedies and moonshining.","Records an interview with M.M. Hitt, Jr., whose father owned a general store in Luray, Virginia, at the turn of the 20th century. Mr. Hitt ran his own confectionery store in Luray, from 1911 to about 1930. Discusses the retail business at that time and his impressions of the mountain people who would patronize his store. Includes references to local entrepreneur, George Freeman Pollock, owner of nearby Skyland resort, and local Episcopal missionary, Mary Deaconess Hutton.","Records an interview with Rosie Hoffner, (née Hurt), who grew up in Madison County, Virginia, near the site of Herbert Hoover's country retreat, Camp Hoover. Discusses home and school life, livestock and vegetable production, herbal remedies and moonshining. Includes reminiscences of frequent visits with President and Mrs. Hoover at the retreat, as well as encounters with local entrepreneur, George Freeman Pollock, owner of nearby Skyland resort.","Records an interview with Dorothy Housh, whose late husband, Chester C. Housh, was a community manager in the Farm Security Administration that oversaw the forced relocation of hundreds of mountain families from the Blue Ridge Mountains in the 1930s. By the time the Houshes arrived in Elkton, Virginia, in 1936, most of the families had moved away or had relocated to one of the resettlement tracts provided for them in Flint Hill, Ida Valley, Little Washington or Wolftown. Describes the experiences of the mountain people as they adapted to their new lives and the administrative problems that occasionally arose in the resettlement tracts. Dennis Carter, a naturalist at Shenandoah National Park, contributes to the interview.","Records an interview with E.L. Huffman, who grew up near Big Foltz Run, outside of Shenandoah, Virginia, prior to the establishment of Shenandoah National Park. Describes his impressions of the mountain people who lived nearby, their habits, customs and beliefs. Discusses the various economic opportunities available to the mountain people, such as the tan bark industry, ginseng harvest and moonshine. Of particular interest to Mr. Huffman is the Chestnut Blight that destroyed nearly all of the American Chestnut trees in the 1920s and his efforts to rebuild the chestnut population.","Records an interview with Deaconess Mary Hutton, who ran the Pine Grove Episcopal mission in the Blue Ridge Mountains in the 1930s. Describes her work with the local mountain families, whom she describes as a noble people, before and after the establishment of Shenandoah National Park.","Records an interview with sisters Mamie Johnson and Betsey Harrell, who were born near Piney Branch in Rappahannock County, Virginia. Discusses the work of their father, Henry L. Johnson, who was a cabinetmaker who often made coffins for the local communities. Describes daily life in the mountains, including activities such as weaving and dying cloth, drying fruit, harvesting chestnuts and square dances. The interview is conducted by their nephew, James Bob Johnson, a ranger at Shenandoah National Park.","Records an interview with Louis Graves, who grew up in Madison County, Virginia, not far from the site where President Herbert Hoover would construct a rustic retreat known as Rapidan Camp, and later as Camp Hoover. Hoover paid for the project out of his own funds and the camp was constructed by a detachment of U.S. Marines as a military exercise by March, 1929. Louis Graves recalls speeches given by President Hoover and other dignitaries in Madison, Va., as part of a day-long Hoover Day celebration on August 9, 1929. Graves relates that more than 10,000 people attended the event, including Virginia governor Harry F. Byrd, who arrived at the celebration aboard an Army reconnaissance blimp. Includes a discussion of the economic situation in Madison County in 1929, during a time of prolonged drought and at the onset of the Great Depression. There is no audio recording for this interview; interview consists of transcript only.","Records an interview with Clark Jones and his wife, Flora Coonie Jones, (née Keyser), who lived in Flint Hill, Virginia, just beyond the boundaries of Shenandoah National Park. They describe home and family life in the mountains, holidays, food production and preservation, and the various cash crops and other sources of income available to the mountain people.","Records an interview with Eli Dudley Jones, who lived near Rileyville, in Page County, Virginia in the 1920s and 1930s. Describes home and family life in the mountains, holidays, food production and preservation, and the various cash crops and other sources of income available to the mountain people.","Records an interview with Erma Jones and her sister-in-law, Lucy Taylor, who lived in Kite Hollow, in Page County, Virginia in the 1920s and 1930s. Describes home and family life in the mountains, holidays, food production and preservation, and the various cash crops and other sources of income available to the mountain people.","Records an interview with Austin C. Judd, whose father, W. Lee Judd, owned a general store near Luray, Virginia, from the turn of the 20th century until the advent of Shenandoah National Park in the mid 1930s. Discusses the retail business at that time and his impressions of the mountain people who would patronize the family store. Most of the store's interaction with the mountain people was based on a barter system, where chestnuts, ginseng and farm produce were exchanged for store credit. Also describes his time with the Civilian Conservation Corps, (CCC), during the 1930s. Includes references to local entrepreneur, George Freeman Pollock, owner of nearby Skyland resort, and George Corbin, who built Corbin Cabin, near what is now the Appalachian Trail. Mr. Judd's wife, who is identified only as Mrs. Judd in the transcript, but who is believed to be Gladys Judd, contributes throughout the interview.","Records an interview with Gladys Judd, (née Beahm), who lived near Thornton's Gap, in Page County, Virginia, prior to the advent of Shenandoah National Park. Describes home and family life in the mountains. Discusses the life of her grandfather, B.F. Beahm, a Confederate veteran, who ran a general store and post office in the area for more than thirty years. Mr. Beahm was also responsible for collecting the tolls on the private road that ran through the mountains. A second, unnamed interviewer contributes throughout the interview.","Records the reminiscences of Loula Judd, who lived near the Big Meadows area of Shenandoah National Park until the mid 1930s. Describes daily life in the mountains, including local agriculture, livestock and food preservation, as well as important cash crops. Recalls the traditional remedies used for common ailments and injuries, as well as a brief discussion on the Influenza Epidemic of 1918. Includes comments on local entrepreneur, George Pollock, owner of Skyland resort and the construction of Camp Hoover, the presidential retreat created by Herbert Hoover.","Continues an earlier interview, (SdArch no. SNP-74), with Loula Judd, who lived near the Big Meadows area of Shenandoah National Park until the mid 1930s. Describes the wildlife found in the mountains, including venomous snakes, wolves and other predators. Discusses the slave trade in the region before the Civil War and includes anecdotes about Herbert Hoover, whom the local people often encountered during his frequent stays at the nearby presidential retreat, Camp Hoover.","Records an interview with Virginia and Robert Kenney, who moved to Dickey Ridge in 1942, within the boundaries of Shenandoah National Park, to work in nearby apple orchards. Describes a way of life very similar to that of the mountain people who had only recently been evicted from the area, in terms of farm and livestock production, food preservation and herbal remedies. Mr. Kenney also discusses his service with the local Civilian Conservation Corps, (CCC), and their work on the park and Skyline Drive.","Records the reminiscences of Josie Knight, who lived near Pine Grove in Page County, Virginia. Describes daily life in the mountains, the means of growing and preserving food and other aspects of the local economy. Also mentioned is Deaconess Mary Hutton, an Episcopal missionary who served the mountain people during the 1930s.","Records an interview with Howard Lam, who lived near Jollett Hollow, in Page County, Virginia. Describes daily life in the mountains, the means of growing and preserving food and other aspects of the local economy, such as the chestnut harvest and moonshine.","Records an interview with Zada Lam, who grew up on the Rockingham County side of Swift Run Gap. Describes daily life in the mountains, the means of growing and preserving food and other aspects of the local economy, such as the chestnut harvest and moonshine.","Records an interview with Nettie Lang, (née Breeden), who grew up in Dark Hollow, in Madison County, Virginia. Describes daily life in the mountains, the means of growing and preserving food and other aspects of the local economy, such as chestnut and ginseng harvesting, bark peeling and moonshine.","Records part of an interview with Robert Layman, who lived in the Blue Ridge mountains near Nelson County, Virginia. Describes daily life in the mountains, traditional farming methods, local Native American groups and the business of moonshine. The comments of Mr. Layman's niece, Hazel Louise Seaman, of Montebello, Va., are interspersed throughout the interview. There is no transcript for this interview; interview consists of audio only.","Records an interview with Louise Long, (née Varner), whose family owned several tracts of grazing land in Rappahannock County, in the Blue Ridge Mountains, prior to the founding of Shenandoah National Park. Describes the extensive cattle industry existing in the Shenandoah Valley from colonial times until the late 1930s. Mrs. Long and her husband, Arthur Long, Jr., oversaw the annual movement of hundreds of head of cattle from surrounding Valley communities to their fertile summer pastures in the mountains.","Records an interview with Mae Long, (née Atkins), who grew up in Page County, Virginia. Describes daily life in the mountains, including raising livestock, the means of growing and preserving food and other aspects of the local economy, such as chestnut and ginseng harvesting and moonshine.","Records an interview with Owen Lucas, who went to work at Shenandoah National Park as a truck driver in 1946, and would eventually rise to the position of district supervisor for the park. Describes the kinds of work performed by park maintenance crews through the post-war years into the 1980s. Improved equipment and an extensive network of professional staff has allowed the park to consistently improve its facilities to meet the needs of the ever-increasing numbers of visitors. Much of Lucas' work in the early years centered around the maintenance and improvement of Skyline Drive.","Records an interview with Herman Mace, who lived along Madison Run, near the town of Grottoes, in Rockingham County, Virginia. Describes daily life in the mountains, the means of growing and preserving food and other aspects of the local economy, such as chestnut and ginseng harvesting, bark peeling and moonshine. The Mace family also derived additional income from a mineral spring located on their property. Bottled water from this spring was shipped as far away as Philadelphia and Washington, DC, until the family was removed from the land to make way for the park. A brief chemical analysis of the water follows the end of the interview.","Records an interview with Howard Maiden, who grew up near Swift Run, in Rockingham County, Virginia. Mr. Maiden went to work for Shenandoah National Park in 1935, maintaining trails and roads, and was still employed by the park 42 years later, at the time of the interview. Describes home and family life before the advent of the park and his work throughout the entire park system, including his part in the building of Skyline Drive.","Records a number of bluegrass and gospel tunes played during an impromptu session of mountain music at the McCoy Store, in Stanley, Virginia. Cletus McCoy's store was renown in Page County for hosting weekly pick-up concerts where local musicians would gather to play for the public and pass the hat for donations. Fifty-six tracks were recorded by Dorothy Noble Smith on a portable cassette tape recorder. Smith and others offer brief comments before some songs, but the titles of many others remain unknown. Includes a photocopy of a newspaper interview with Cletus McCoy written by Smith, however, the date and name of the newspaper are not known.","Records an interview with Clarice Meadows, who taught in the Verbena, Sandy Bottom and Maple Springs schools during the 1920s and 1930s. Describes the challenges of teaching in one- and two-room schoolhouses in those rural, mountain communities, as well as her impressions of her students and their families.","Records an interview with Cleadus Meadows, who grew up near Thoroughfare Mountain, in Madison County, Virginia. Describes daily life in the mountains, including raising livestock, the means of growing and preserving food and other aspects of the local economy, such as chestnut harvesting, tan bark and moonshine.","Records an interview with Hazel Meadows, (née Colvin), and her friend Alice Long Brien, who lived near Big Meadows, in Page County, Virginia, prior to the advent of Shenandoah National Park. Describes daily life in the mountains, including local agriculture, livestock and food preservation, as well as important cash crops, such as apples and chestnuts, as well as nearby moonshiners. Recalls the traditional remedies used for common ailments and injuries, and community events, including hog butchering and apple butter boilings. Includes an anecdote describing a visit by First Lady Lou Henry Hoover to Mrs. Meadows' mother, when Mrs. Hoover purchased several hand made rugs for the nearby presidential retreat, Camp Hoover.","Records an interview with Lena Meadows, (née Taylor), who lived near Jollet Hollow, in Page County, Virginia, prior to the advent of Shenandoah National Park. Describes daily life in the mountains, including local agriculture, livestock and food preservation, as well as important cash crops, such as apples, chestnuts, and moonshine. Recalls popular community activities, including storytelling, quilting parties and apple butter boilings.","Records an interview with Franklin and Margaret Miller, who lived in Rocky Branch, near the town of Luray, in Page County, Virginia. Describes daily life in the mountains, the means of growing and preserving food and other aspects of the local economy. Discusses the country store owned by Mrs. Miller's father, Homer Fox, and the mountain people who traded there.","Records an interview with Edward Scott and Russell Barlow. Both men served in the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) in the mid-1930s and worked together in the creation of Shenandoah National Park. Describes daily life and the kinds of work performed by the CCC men in laying out the boundaries of the park and the construction of Skyline Drive. Both men recall their interactions with the local mountain people, moonshiners and President Franklin Roosevelt's visit to dedicate the park in July, 1936. Also present, but unnamed in the transcript, is Mr. Scott's wife, Ella Mae, who contributed throughout the interview.","Records an interview with Magdalene Mooney, (née Simonpietri), who lived and worked at Skyland resort from 1933 to 1935. Describes life at Skyland, the guests and the resort's flamboyant owner, George Freeman Pollock. Includes several anecdotes regarding Pollock's wife, Addie Nairn Pollock, as well as the grand opening of North district of Skyline Drive.","Records an interview with Raymond E. Morris, who lived in Simmons Gap, near the town of Elkton, in Rockingham County, Virginia. Describes daily life in the mountains, the means of growing and preserving food and other aspects of the local economy. Discusses popular herbal remedies, hunting and trapping techniques, bark peeling and the moonshine trade.","Records an interview with William Morris, who lived in Bacon Hollow, near the town of Elkton, in Rockingham County, Virginia. Describes daily life in the mountains, the means of growing and preserving food and other aspects of the local economy. Discusses popular pastimes, herbal remedies, holidays, courtship, bark peeling and the moonshine trade. Mr. Morris' wife, Lillian, (née Shiflett), is also present for the interview and contributes throughout.","Records an interview with Sattie Mundy, (née Good), who spent several summers as a young girl at the Black Rock Springs Hotel, in Black Rock Gap, Virginia. The Black Rock Springs Hotel was a popular tourist destination in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, both for its scenic views and for the natural mineral springs for which it was named. Mrs. Mundy recounts her memories of the grounds and buildings and the popularity of the site in the years following the hotel's destruction by fire in 1909. Includes references to people associated with the hotel and springs, as well as many of the families and local people who lived near the hotel in its heyday. The site where the hotel stood was incorporated into Shenandoah National Park in the 1930s. Also contributing to the interview were Mrs. Mundy's daughter and son-in-law, Marie and Jay Bowman.","Records an interview with Edward Nicholson, who lived in the mountains of Madison County, Virginia until the establishment of Shenandoah National Park. Describes daily life in the mountains, the means of growing and preserving food and other aspects of the local economy. Discusses popular pastimes, herbal remedies, holidays, courtship, and the moonshine trade. Also discusses his memories of local entrepreneur, George Freeman Pollock, owner of Skyland resort. Mr. Nicholson's wife, Nellie, (née Dodson), is also present for the interview and contributes throughout.","Records an interview with LeRoy Nicholson, who lived in Weakely Hollow, near Old Rag Mountain, in Madison County, Virginia, until 1929. Describes daily life in the mountains, the means of growing and preserving food and other aspects of the local economy. Discusses popular pastimes, herbal remedies, holidays, courtship, and the moonshine trade. Also discusses his memories of local entrepreneur, George Freeman Pollock, owner of Skyland resort, and his service with the Civilian Conservation Corps during the construction of Skyline Drive.","Records an interview with Nelson Nicholson and his wife, Claudia, who lived in Nicholson Hollow, within the future boundaries of Shenandoah National Park. Describes daily life in the mountains, touching on the work of growing and preserving food, herbal remedies, hunting and fishing. Discusses the limited economic opportunities available to the mountain people, such as the apple and chestnut harvests, bark peeling and moon-shining. Includes references to local entrepreneur, George Freeman Pollock, owner of nearby Skyland resort.","Records an interview with Ray Nicholson, who lived in Nicholson Hollow and on Old Rag Mountain, within the future boundaries of Shenandoah National Park. Describes daily life in the mountains, touching on the work of growing and preserving food, herbal remedies, fishing. Discusses the limited economic opportunities available to the mountain people, such as the chestnut harvests, bark peeling, stone masonry and moon-shining. Includes references to local entrepreneur, George Freeman Pollock, owner of nearby Skyland resort. Includes numerous references to Mr. Nicholson's relatives, on both the Nicholson and Fincham sides of his family.","Records an interview with Allen Patterson, who owned extensive cattle grazing pastures on Dean Mountain in Rockingham County, Virginia. Describes his impressions of the mountain families who tended his cattle, daily life in the mountains, touching on the work of growing and preserving food, herbal remedies, courtship and holidays. Mr. Patterson's granddaughter, who is not identified in the recording, joins the discussion near the end of the interview.","Records an interview with Blanche Rickard, (née Batman), who lived in Thornton Gap, within the future boundaries of Shenandoah National Park. Describes daily life in the mountains, touching on the work of growing and preserving food, herbal remedies, courtship, birthing and funeral rituals, as well as holiday celebrations. Discusses at length the reaction of family and neighbors to being forcefully evicted from their property by the state of Virginia, to make way for the national park.","Records an interview with Charles Ross, whose father, Dr. Charles J. Ross, was one of several local physicians who served the families living in the mountains prior to the advent of Shenandoah National Park. Charles J. Ross was born in Taylor County, WV, in 1881. He received his medical degree from the Medical School of Virginia in 1905, and later studied surgery in New York City. Mr. Ross describes the primitive conditions under which his father worked, where access to many of his patients was often limited to horse trails and foot paths. Recalls several deadly outbreaks of diphtheria, tuberculosis and typhoid fever, which were common in the area, as well as the Great Influenza Epidemic of 1918-1919, which caused the deaths of millions of Americans across the country. Mr. Ross often rode along with his father during school vacations and gives his impression of the many mountain people he encountered, including many local moonshiners.","Records an interview with Zenith Sampson, (née Shifflett), who lived on Lewis Mountain, in Greene County, Virginia, within the future boundaries of Shenandoah National Park. Describes daily life in the mountains, touching on the work of growing and preserving food, the apple and chestnut harvests, bark peeling, and other local economic activities. Recalls popular community events, such as apple butter boilings, quilting and bean stringing parties, church gatherings and barn dances. Mrs. Sampson also recollects the earliest days of Skyline Drive and the impact it had on various mountain communities. At the time of the interview, Chris Brasted was an editor for the Greene County Record newspaper. His interview with Zenith Sampson was the basis for his Life in the Mountains article published in the newspaper on April 1, 1993. A photocopy facsimile of the article is included with the transcript.","Records an interview with Edith Samuels, (née Alger), who lived in Joliet Hollow, within the future boundaries of Shenandoah National Park. Describes daily life in the mountains, touching on the work of growing and preserving food, herbal remedies, courtship, birthing and funeral rituals, as well as holiday celebrations.","Records an interview with Ray Schaffner, who came to Shenandoah National Park as Assistant Chief Naturalist in 1956. Discusses the history of the park since the 1950s, the challenges of running a national park and changes in the public's environmental consciousness.","Records an interview with Jesse Seale, who lived in the mountains near Syria, Virginia. Describes daily life in the mountains, touching on the work of growing and preserving food, herbal remedies and holidays. Also recalls his experiences with local entrepreneur George Freeman Pollock, owner of nearby Skyland resort, who was a major influence in the establishment of Shenandoah National Park. There is no audio recording for this interview; interview consists of transcript only.","Records an interview with E.P. Shifflett and his wife, Maude, (née Morris), who lived in Bacon Hollow, within the future boundaries of Shenandoah National Park. Describes daily life in the mountains, touching on the work of growing and preserving food, herbal remedies, courtship, and funeral rituals, as well as holiday celebrations. The Shifflets also recall several individuals who were killed in Bacon Hollow, usually as a result of feuds between rival moonshiners. An addendum to the interview transcript, provided by Dorothy Smith, documents several homicides and trials of Bacon Hollow residents from the early part of the century.","Records an interview with Bernice Shiflett, (née Shifflett), who lived near Swift Run Gap, in Greene County, Virginia, within the future boundaries of Shenandoah National Park. Describes daily life in the mountains, touching on the work of growing and preserving food, raising livestock, holidays, funerals, chestnut harvests, bark peeling, and other local economic activities. Recalls some of the more definitive events occurring in the region, such as the devastating chestnut blight of the 1920s, the construction of Skyline Drive and a famous, local double murder. Mrs. Shifflett also describes the resettlement experiences of her family and her neighbors after the park took possession of their mountain properties.","Records an interview with Carl Shifflett and his wife, Gertrude, (née Shifflett), who discuss their memories of the people who lived within the future boundaries of Shenandoah National Park. Describes daily life in the mountains, touching on the work of growing and preserving food, herbal remedies, courtship, and funeral rituals, as well as holiday celebrations.","Records an interview with Ella Shifflett, (née Breeden), who lived near Pocosin Hollow, in Greene County, Virginia, within the future boundaries of Shenandoah National Park. Describes daily life in the mountains, touching on the work of growing and preserving food, raising livestock, holidays, funerals, chestnut harvests, bark peeling, and other local economic activities. Mrs. Shifflett also guides the interviewers on a walking tour of the area surrounding Pocosin Cabin, which is located near the Shifflett homestead, where she identifies and describes many of the structures that once existed there.","Records a group interview with Irvin Peanut Shifflett, his wife, Lydia, (née Rosson), J.P. Roach, and his wife, Hazel, (née Marshall), who discuss their memories of life near Rocky Bar, in Rockingham County, Virginia. Describes daily life in the mountains, touching on the work of growing and preserving food, herbal remedies, courtship, and funeral rituals, as well as holiday celebrations and local moonshiners. Also present at the interview are Mr. Roach's mother, Lula W. Roach, and his nephew Bennie Cupp. Other unidentified voices can be heard commenting throughout. For a full interview with Lula Roach, Hazel Roach and Bennie Cupp, see SdArch no. SNP-38.","Records an interview with Nettie Sirbaugh, (née Schafftnaker), her son, Clarence W. Sirbaugh, his wife, Beulah C. Sirbaugh, (née Thomas), and Beulah's cousin, Vallie Cave, (née Thomas). Describes daily life in the mountains, touching on the work of growing and preserving food, raising livestock, holidays, funerals, chestnut harvests, bark peeling, and other local economic activities. Mr. Sirbaugh discusses the local tanbark industry, which was a major source of income for many mountain families. Additional interviews with Beulah Sirbaugh and Vallie Cave are available in SdArch no. SNP-2, and SNP-26.","Records a group interview with Jake Sisk, who lived near Nicholson Hollow, in Rappahannock County, Virginia, at the turn of the 20th century. Describes daily life in the mountains, touching on the work of growing and preserving food, herbal remedies, fishing. Discusses the limited economic opportunities available to the mountain people, such as the chestnut harvests, bark peeling, fur trapping and moon-shining.","Records a group interview with Pearl Smith, (née Nettie Pearl Williams), who lived in an area known as Morning Star, in Page County, Virginia, with her husband J. Benton Smith, until the opening of Shenandoah National Park in 1934. Describes daily life in the mountains, touching on the work of growing and preserving food, herbal remedies, courtship and holidays.","Records an interview with Etta Snow, (née Breeden), and her son Charles R. Snow, who lived in the mountains between Skyline Drive and McMullen, Va., in Greene County, at the eastern edge of Shenandoah National Park.","Records an interview with Etta Snow, (née Breeden), her son Charles R. Snow and her daughters Lucille Wheeler, Helen Hill, and Kathleen Williams as they revisit the Snow homestead in Shenandoah National Park, not far from Pocosin Cabin, on the Appalachian trail. The interviewer is unidentified. There is no transcript for this interview; interview consists of audio only.","Records an interview with Marguerite Sutherland, (née Daniel), who grew up in Graves Mill, in Madison County, Va. Describes daily life in the mountains, touching on the work of growing and preserving food, raising livestock, holidays, funerals, and working in her family's orchards.","Records a group interview with David M. Taylor, who lived in an area known as Joliet Hollow, in Page County, Virginia, until his family was moved to a resettlement area in nearby Ida, Virginia with the opening of the park in the early 1930s. Describes daily life in the mountains, touching on the work of growing and preserving food, herbal remedies, etc., as well as how his family and neighboring mountain families adjusted to their new lives in the Ida Valley. Mr. Taylor recalls his conversations with local entrepreneur George Freeman Pollock, owner of Skyland resort and an early promoter of the plans to create Shenandoah National Park.","Records an interview with Lorraine Tompkins, who was born on Old Rag Mountain, in Madison County, Virginia, shortly before the advent of Shenandoah National Park. Although her family relocated to nearby Syria, Virginia, when she was two years old, Mrs. Tompkins recounts numerous stories told to her by her older siblings, parents and grandparents. Describes daily life in the mountains, touching on the work of growing and preserving food, herbal remedies, as well as tales of famous murders and local moonshiners.","Records a conversation between Norm Trout and Bob Johnson, employees of the National Park Service at Shenandoah National Park. The men discuss various issues concerning access to the park, trail conditions and early settlers to the region, including Bob Johnson's ancestors. Included are Norm Trout's detailed descriptions of the scenic views at various points along Skyline Drive. There is no transcript for this interview; interview consists of audio only.","Records an interview with Davis Twyman, who lived for more than eighty years in Syria, Va., in Madison County, at the eastern edge of Shenandoah National Park. The Twyman family owned a general store and grist mill in Syria, and Mr. Twyman recalls his interactions with the mountain people before and after the founding of the park. Discusses the limited economic opportunities available to the mountain people, such as the chestnut harvests, bark peeling, truck farming and moon-shining. Recalls the establishment of the presidential retreat known as Camp Hoover, in 1928, and the impact that President Hoover and his wife had on the local community.","Records an interview with Charles Wagner, who came to the Shenandoah Valley in 1935, after enlisting in the Civilian Conservation Corps, (CCC), and was stationed near Luray, Virginia. Describes his career in the CCC, working as a laborer, cook, truck driver and eventually being promoted to First Sergeant. Mr. Wagner describes the hierarchy of the CCC camps, the command structure and the types of work performed by the enrollees. Detailed accounts of everyday life in the camps, from the living and working conditions to the educational and recreational opportunities are given. Mr. Wagner also relates his first-hand experiences with local entrepreneur George Freeman Pollock, owner of nearby Skyland resort, who was a major influence in the establishment of Shenandoah National Park. There is no audio recording for this interview; interview consists of transcript only.","Records an interview with Everett Wampler, who grew up not far from the Black Rock Springs Hotel, in Black Rock Gap, Virginia. The Black Rock Springs Hotel was a popular tourist destination in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, both for its scenic views and for the natural mineral springs for which it was named. Mr. Wampler recounts his memories of the grounds and buildings and the popularity of the site in the years following the hotel's destruction by fire in 1909. Includes references to people associated with the hotel and springs, as well as many of the families and local people who lived near the hotel in its heyday. The site where the hotel stood was incorporated into Shenandoah National Park in the 1930s. \n Also contributing to the interview were Mr. Wampler's wife, Mary Wampler, (née Garber), as well as Mrs. Mark R. Flora and Lon Shackelford of Shenandoah National Park.","Records an interview with Rev. Wilfred Waterhouse and his wife, Beatrice, who served as missionaries at the Episcopal mission near Pocosin Hollow, in the 1930s. The Waterhouses recall their impressions of the local mountain people, their lifestyles, manners and codes of conduct.","Records an interview with Cletus Waters, whose father owned a general store in the vicinity of Rocky Branch until 1928. Describes his father's business and his interaction with local mountain families. Mr. Waters' wife, Hazel, who is unnamed in the transcript, contributes to the interview.","Records an interview with Dr. Delmar Weaver, who served the mountain families near Madison and Stanardsville, Virginia, in the early 1930s. Describes the more common ailments and injuries associated with the mountain people, such as pneumonia, rickets and diphtheria, as well as less common diseases such as polio and Rocky Mountain spotted fever. Recalls the great lengths to which he and other local doctors went to reach and treat their patients, often for very little pay. Doctor Weaver describes some of the eight murder victims he encountered during the two and a half years he practiced in the region.","Records an interview with Frank Willberger, whose family ran an undertaking business in Augusta County in the early part of the 20th century. Describes the practice of undertaking in those years, and the special conditions encountered when working with local mountain families, whose homes were often located in remote and marginally accessible areas.","Records an interview with Effie Williams, (née Sours), who explains that the Shenandoah National Park headquarters building in Luray, Virginia, is located on the site of her childhood home. Mrs. Williams' father and grandfather ran a small farm and tannery on the site, not far from Pass Run.","Records an interview with Gordon and Lillie Wood, who lived in Beldor, Virginia, deep within the Blue Ridge Mountains. Describes daily life and farm chores, folk medicine, holidays and funerals.","Records an interview with Lola Wood, whose family lived in Harmony Hollow, in Warren County, Virginia, near Front Royal. Describes the derivation of many mountain place names and the origins of many of the founding families in the area. Discusses the importance of agriculture to the region and recalls the cattle and turkey drives that would move through the streets of Front Royal.","Records an interview with Luther and Myra Wood, (née Sandidge), who lived in Afton, Virginia. Describes daily life in the mountains, touching on the work of growing and preserving food, herbal remedies, courtship and holidays.","Records an interview with Ray Wood, who grew up on Pasture Fence Mountain in Albemarle County, Va. Describes his boyhood days living in the mountains with his grandfather, Joseph T. Harris, who tended cattle and ran his own small farm. Recalls the daily chores and the cycle of work on the farm, especially the effort that went into harvesting and preserving the crops and meat. Mr. Wood discusses his extended family and the families who lived nearby his grandfather's homestead.","Records an interview with Myrtle Woodward, (née Broyles), who lived in the mountains near Syria, Virginia. Describes daily life in the mountains, touching on the work of growing and preserving food, herbal remedies and holidays. Also recalls her experiences with local entrepreneur George Freeman Pollock, owner of nearby Skyland resort, who was a major influence in the establishment of Shenandoah National Park.","Records a music session featuring Dennis Yager, Nelson Jenkins and Wesley Gray, who perform a number of old-time songs, many of which were popular tunes with the mountain people. Featured instruments include guitar, banjo, Dobro and fiddle. Dennis Yager also participated in an interview with his mother, Mattie Yager, who played several mountain tunes on her autoharp. See SdArch no. SNP-138. There is no transcript for this interview; interview consists of audio only.","Records an interview with Mattie Yager, whose family lived near Old Rag Mountain in Madison County, Virginia. Describes daily life in the mountains, touching on the work of growing and preserving food, herbal remedies, courtship and holidays. Mrs. Woodward plays several old-time mountain tunes on her autoharp during the interview. Her son, Dennis Yager joins in at the end of the conversation. Dennis Yager and two other musicians give an impromptu concert of mountain music in SdArch no. SNP-137.","Records an interview with Darrell Yarrow and John Lillard, who were residents of Etlan, Virginia in the early 1930s. Both men give their recollections of the mountain people, their lifestyles and their characters.","The copyright interests for most of the interviews in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. See individual interviews for specific use restrictions. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The Library has made a reasonable effort to identify all rights holders, but in this case, the current rights holders remain unknown or are not located. Thus, some of the materials provided here online are made available under an assertion of fair use (17 U.S.C. 107). Responsibility for making an independent legal assessment of an item and securing any necessary permissions ultimately rests with persons desiring to use the item.","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The Library has made a reasonable effort to identify all rights holders, but in this case, the current rights holders remain unknown or are not located. Thus, some of the materials provided here online are made available under an assertion of fair use (17 U.S.C. 107). Responsibility for making an independent legal assessment of an item and securing any necessary permissions ultimately rests with persons desiring to use the item.","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The Library has made a reasonable effort to identify all rights holders, but in this case, the current rights holders remain unknown or are not located. Thus, some of the materials provided here online are made available under an assertion of fair use (17 U.S.C. 107). Responsibility for making an independent legal assessment of an item and securing any necessary permissions ultimately rests with persons desiring to use the item.","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The Library has made a reasonable effort to identify all rights holders, but in this case, the current rights holders remain unknown or are not located. Thus, some of the materials provided here online are made available under an assertion of fair use (17 U.S.C. 107). Responsibility for making an independent legal assessment of an item and securing any necessary permissions ultimately rests with persons desiring to use the item.","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The Library has made a reasonable effort to identify all rights holders, but in this case, the current rights holders remain unknown or are not located. Thus, some of the materials provided here online are made available under an assertion of fair use (17 U.S.C. 107). Responsibility for making an independent legal assessment of an item and securing any necessary permissions ultimately rests with persons desiring to use the item.","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The Library has made a reasonable effort to identify all rights holders, but in this case, the current rights holders remain unknown or are not located. Thus, some of the materials provided here online are made available under an assertion of fair use (17 U.S.C. 107). Responsibility for making an independent legal assessment of an item and securing any necessary permissions ultimately rests with persons desiring to use the item.","The Library has made a reasonable effort to identify all rights holders, but in this case, the current rights holders remain unknown or are not located. Thus, some of the materials provided here online are made available under an assertion of fair use (17 U.S.C. 107). Responsibility for making an independent legal assessment of an item and securing any necessary permissions ultimately rests with persons desiring to use the item.","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The Library has made a reasonable effort to identify all rights holders, but in this case, the current rights holders remain unknown or are not located. Thus, some of the materials provided here online are made available under an assertion of fair use (17 U.S.C. 107). Responsibility for making an independent legal assessment of an item and securing any necessary permissions ultimately rests with persons desiring to use the item.","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The Library has made a reasonable effort to identify all rights holders, but in this case, the current rights holders remain unknown or are not located. Thus, some of the materials provided here online are made available under an assertion of fair use (17 U.S.C. 107). Responsibility for making an independent legal assessment of an item and securing any necessary permissions ultimately rests with persons desiring to use the item.","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The Library has made a reasonable effort to identify all rights holders, but in this case, the current rights holders remain unknown or are not located. Thus, some of the materials provided here online are made available under an assertion of fair use (17 U.S.C. 107). Responsibility for making an independent legal assessment of an item and securing any necessary permissions ultimately rests with persons desiring to use the item.","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The Library has made a reasonable effort to identify all rights holders, but in this case, the current rights holders remain unknown or are not located. Thus, some of the materials provided here online are made available under an assertion of fair use (17 U.S.C. 107). Responsibility for making an independent legal assessment of an item and securing any necessary permissions ultimately rests with persons desiring to use the item.","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The Library has made a reasonable effort to identify all rights holders, but in this case, the current rights holders remain unknown or are not located. Thus, some of the materials provided here online are made available under an assertion of fair use (17 U.S.C. 107). Responsibility for making an independent legal assessment of an item and securing any necessary permissions ultimately rests with persons desiring to use the item.","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The Library has made a reasonable effort to identify all rights holders, but in this case, the current rights holders remain unknown or are not located. Thus, some of the materials provided here online are made available under an assertion of fair use (17 U.S.C. 107). Responsibility for making an independent legal assessment of an item and securing any necessary permissions ultimately rests with persons desiring to use the item.","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The Library has made a reasonable effort to identify all rights holders, but in this case, the current rights holders remain unknown or are not located. Thus, some of the materials provided here online are made available under an assertion of fair use (17 U.S.C. 107). Responsibility for making an independent legal assessment of an item and securing any necessary permissions ultimately rests with persons desiring to use the item.","The Library has made a reasonable effort to identify all rights holders, but in this case, the current rights holders remain unknown or are not located. Thus, some of the materials provided here online are made available under an assertion of fair use (17 U.S.C. 107). Responsibility for making an independent legal assessment of an item and securing any necessary permissions ultimately rests with persons desiring to use the item.","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The Library has made a reasonable effort to identify all rights holders, but in this case, the current rights holders remain unknown or are not located. Thus, some of the materials provided here online are made available under an assertion of fair use (17 U.S.C. 107). Responsibility for making an independent legal assessment of an item and securing any necessary permissions ultimately rests with persons desiring to use the item.","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The Library has made a reasonable effort to identify all rights holders, but in this case, the current rights holders remain unknown or are not located. Thus, some of the materials provided here online are made available under an assertion of fair use (17 U.S.C. 107). Responsibility for making an independent legal assessment of an item and securing any necessary permissions ultimately rests with persons desiring to use the item.","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The Shenandoah National Park Oral Histories, SdArch SNP, 1964-1999, consists of audio, transcripts, and images pertaining to interviews conducted primarily by Dorothy Noble Smith in addition to members of the Potomac Appalachian Trail Club, park collaborators Eugene and Diane Zior Wilhelm, Darwin Lambert, and others.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Shenandoah National Park (Agency : U.S.)","Potomac Appalachian Trail Club","Engle, Reed L., 1944-2017","Abell, Arlene Carr, 1910-1990","Smith, Dorothy Noble, 1915-1999","Marston, Sharon G. (Sharon Gates), 1944-","Anderson, Ada \"Addie\", 1891-1979","Bradley, Peggy C., 1943-","Atkins, Beulah Frances Atkins, 1900-1989","Atkins, Elmer Jackson, 1906-1993","Northrup, Jim","Atkins, Sally Ethel, 1906-1990","Dodson, Leila F. Atkins, 1901-1983","Austin, Louise Wood, 1909-1993","Dooms, John D.","Baker, Victor L. (Victor Lee), 1894-1990","Baker, Eva Patterson, 1899-1990","Showalter, Alberta Virginia Craun, 1893-1984","Bowman, Lucy Marie Mundy, 1916-2015","Maynes, Barbara","Baldwin, Joseph J. (Joseph Jackson), 1920-2005","Baugher, Harold Owen, 1899-1995","Taylor, Virginia H. (Virginia Haney), 1920-2001","Dalbey, Matthew, 1965-","Beahm, Isaac William, 1895-1990","Anibal, Charles \"Chuck\", 1943-","Stiles, Joy K.","Beahm, Lyle Edward, 1908-1992","Berry, George Lee, 1916-1988","Freeland, Edward D., 1901-1986","Lambert, Darwin, 1916-2007","Gutshall, Chelsea","Bradley, John Lester, Elder, 1907-1980","Bradley, Fern Edith Woods, 1912-2000","Hammond, D. P.","Breeden, Everett L. (Everett Lee), 1904-1989","Breeden, Junie Catherine Thomas, 1907-1988","Breeden, Preston, 1917-2003","Garvey, Edward B., 1914-1999","Moore, Sam (Samuel Varick), 1920-1999","Burke, Weldon, 1904-1986","McCormick, Debbie","Burner, James G., Sr. (James Gilbert), 1912-1995","Burrill, Edna Elizabeth Browning, 1896-1988","Carter, Walter H., 1915-2003","Carter, Caroline Amalia Pfohl, 1917-2020","Steeber, Ken","Smith, Walter, 1936-2018","Updike, Gloria","Struthers, Howard","Edwards, Victoria M.","Cave, Elzie (Elza Alfred), 1907-1991","Cave, Lula Belle Breeden, 1905-1984","Moody, Amanda","Jones, Leigh","Cave, Evidell Arbitus Cave, 1901-1992","Cave, Ralph William, 1907-1996","Smith, Nancy","Cave, Vallie V. (Vallie Virginia), 1906-1990","Thomas, Floyd Elvin, 1908-1998","Allis, Octavia","Chapman, Charles Thomas, Sr., 1904-1986","Early, Mary Susan Leonard, 1883-1983","Coyner, George A., 1906-1979","Giroux, Allie","Coffey, Wallace C., 1892-1968","Coffey, Martha Goode, 1892-1983","Wilhelm, Diane Zior, 1938-2010","Wilhelm, Eugene J., Jr.","Coffman, Lucille Blose, 1903-1994","Coffman, Benjamin, 1903-1995","Cline, Rufus, 1902-1986","Cline, Hazel Garber, 1905-1986","Corbin, George T. (George Thurman), 1888-1978","Hudson, Mary","Lee, Paul","Corbin, Robert H. (Robert Hilton), 1897-1980","Tanner, Allan","Somers, Clarence O. (Clarence Otis), 1900-1986","Somers, Beulah Sours, 1902-1987","Cotter, Jim (James E.)","Shapiro, Jeanette","Corbin, Virgil F. (Virgil Fordice), 1916-1996","Cullers, Claud W. (Claud Wilmer), 1891-1980","Cupp, Bennie (Benjamin W.), circa 1938-","Roach, Lula Willie, 1883-1983","Roach, Hazel Marshall, 1930-2011","Dean, Randal (Randal Rudolph), 1918-2001","Dean, Lola E. (Lola Edith), 1910-1983","Dearing, Mamie Jenkins, 1915-1996","Dodson, Estelle V. Nicholson, 1919-1992","Dodson, Ada Corbin, 1897-1991","Dodson, Hunter C. (Hunter Cleveland), 1910-1996","DuBosq, John G., Jr. (John Genou), 1884-1978","Eppard, Irene Breeden, 1914-1993","Estes, Charles H. (Charles Henry), 1905-1986","Finks, Fisher F. (Fisher Filmore), 1907-1993","Finks, Myrtle Hurt, 1913-1996","Fisher, Vastine, 1936-2021","Wright, Barbara","Fox, Annie Virginia, 1913-2002","Franklin, Butler-Brayne, 1899-2003","Fray, Joseph B. (Joseph Benton), 1894-1987","Frazier, Homer, 1897-1981","Frazier, Virgie Dwyer, 1905-1983","McDonald, Mary Anne","Frazier, Miley J. (Miley Jackson), 1900-1981","Garrison, Harold, 1916-1989","Zirkle, Janna","Popp, Rebecca","Browne, Heather","Stevenson, Erin","Grannis,  Louis C., Sr. (Louis Clifford), 1902-1992","Graves, Cecil C. (Cecil Conard), 1892-1969","Cole, Tiffany","Graves, Matt, Sr., 1895-1987","Deane, Deedee","Dove, Vee","Hastings, Phil","Grove, J. Maurice (John Maurice), 1904-1980","Grove, Frances Rebecca, 1906-1992","Harris, Paul Everett, 1907-1984","Harris, Roy Frank, 1911-1984","Hickerson, James E., Sr. (James Edwin), 1901-1996","Hitt, M. M., Jr. (Marcellus Monroe), 1890-1987","Hoffner, Rosie Lillian Hurt, 1916-1997","Housh, Dorothy H. (Dorothy Hansen), 1893-1997","Carter, Dennis","Huffman, E. L. (Edgar Lee), 1909-1983","Hutton, Mary Sandys, 1904-1985","Johnson, Mamie Clarice, 1883-1972","Harrell, Betsey Johnson, 1893-1981","Johnson, James R. (James Robert), 1921-2007","Graves, Louis W. (Louis Walker), 1916-2006","Jones, Clark, 1909-1987","Jones, Flora Keyser, 1901-1987","Jones, Eli T. (Eli Thomas), 1912-1997","Jones, Erma Lafayette, 1908-1983","Taylor, Lucy May, 1906-1980","Judd, Austin C. (Austin Cletus), 1906-1995","Judd, Gladys Marie, 1904-1989","Judd, Gladys Beahm, 1901-1989","Judd, Loula Breeden, 1903-1993","Kenney, Virginia A. (Virginia Addison), 1911-1981","Kenney, Robert B. (Robert Bedfor), 1913-1987","Knight, Josie, 1897-1986","Lam, Howard","Heatwole, Henry","Lam, Zada Haney, 1905-1994","Lang, Nettie Breeden, 1911-2006","Layman, Robert","Seaman, Hazel Louise, 1905-1988","Long, Louise Varner, 1918-2002","Lambert, Eileen Sarah, 1922-2022","Long, Mae Atkins, 1922-2018","Lucas, Owen E. (Owen Edward), 1928-2013","Taylor, Norman","Mace, Herman Leon, 1918-1986","Maiden, Howard L., Sr. (Howard Luther), 1910-1988","McCoy, Cletus, 1926-2004","Meadows, Clarice Pace, 1901-1988","Meadows, Cleadus A. (Cleadus Alfred), 1908-1994","Meadows, Hazel Colvin, 1907-1990","Brien, Alice Long, 1916-1980","Meadows, Lena T. (Vasalena Taylor), 1902-1979","Miller, Franklin E., Sr. (Franklin Edward), 1916-2004","Miller, Margaret V. (Margaret Virginia), 1916-2005","Scott, Edward B. (Edward Bruce), 1913-1999","Barlow, Russell T. (Russell Thompson), 1913-1999","Mooney, Magdalene Simonpietri, 1913-2011","Morris, Raymond E., Sr. (Raymond Earl), 1925-1980","Morris, William R. (William Robert), 1913-1998","Morris, Lillian V. (Lillian Virginia), 1915-2011","Mundy, Sattie, 1890-1986","Nicholson, Edward S., Sr. (Edward Sherman), 1904-1979","Nicholson, Nellie Dodson, d. before 2008","Nicholson, LeRoy, 1917-1992","Nicholson, Nelson Murphy, 1914-1980","Nicholson, Claudia Frances, 1916-2010","Nicholson, Ray A. (Ray Adron), 1917-1999","Patterson, Allen","Rickard, Blanche, 1883-1986","Ross, Charles J. (Charles Justus), 1908-1980","Brenner, Alan S.","Sampson, Zenith S. (Zenith Shifflett), 1922-1994","Brasted, Chris","Samuels, Edith E. (Edith Ellen), 1919-1985","Schaffner, E. Ray (Edward Ray), 1910-1997","Seale, Jesse Early, 1924-1988","Shifflett, E. P. (Enoch Pat), 1903-1986","Shifflett, Maude F. (Maude Florence), 1905-1993","Shiflett, Bernice B. (Bernice Belle), 1916-1999","Shifflett, Carl O., Sr. (Carl Otto), 1902-1078","Shifflett, Gertrude, 1909-1999","Meisel, Mara","Shifflett, Ella Breeden, 1900-1991","Momich, Bob","Momich, Pat","Shifflett, Irvin F. (Irvin Forrest), 1909-2007","Roach, J. P. (John Paul), 1922-2007","Shifflett, Lydia B. (Lydia Bell), 1916-2020","Sirbaugh, Nettie E., 1885-1984","Sirbaugh, Clarence W. (Clarence William), 1910-1995","Sirbaugh, Beulah C. (Beulah Catherine), 1920-2010","Sisk, Jake, 1899-1986","Smith, Pearl Williams, 1901-1980","Snow, Etta, circa 1902-1983","Snow, Charles R.","Wheeler, Lucille Snow, 1926-2003","Hill, Helen Snow, 1917-1983","Williams, Kathleen Snow, 1929-2005","Sutherland, Margueritte Estelle, 1914-2004","Taylor, David M. (David Monroe), 1927-1993","Tompkins, Lorraine Tina Brown, 1932-2008","Cole, Tiffany (Staff)","Trout, Norm","Johnson, Bob","Twyman, Davis, 1892-1982","Wagner, Charles R. (Charles Ronald), 1915-1991","Wampler, Everett Lee, 1894-1975","Vaughan, Sarah","Waterhouse, Wilfred T., Rev., 1909-1985","Waterhouse, Beatrice M., 1907-1987","Waters, Cletus, 1915-1983","Waters, Hazel S. (Hazel Sarah), 1915-1984","Weaver, Delmar, Dr., 1907-1999","Willberger, Frank, 1896-1981","Williams, Effie Sours, 1907-1992","Wood, Gordon A. (Gordon Alexander), 1913-2006","Wood, Lillie M. (Lillie Mae), 1916-1998","Wood, Lola A. (Lola Audrey), 1906-1993","Wood, Luther W. (Luther Wilbur), 1902-1991","Wood, Myra, 1912-2012","Wood, Ray, 1924-1994","Woodward, Myrtle, 1907-2000","Yager, Dennis P. (Dennis Paul), 1944-","Jenkins, Nelson, 1916-1999","Gray, Wesley, 1932-","Yager, Mattie B. (Mattie Belle), 1904-1987","Yarrow, Darrell","Lillard, John P. (John Printz), 1900-1996","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Shenandoah National Park oral histories, 1964/1999"],"collection_ssim":["Shenandoah National Park oral histories, 1964/1999"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SdArch SNP","/repositories/4/resources/612"],"unitid_tesim":["SdArch SNP","/repositories/4/resources/612"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"geogname_ssm":["Shenandoah National Park (Va.)","Shenandoah National Park (Va.) -- History"],"geogname_ssim":["Shenandoah National Park (Va.)","Shenandoah National Park (Va.) -- History"],"places_ssim":["Shenandoah National Park (Va.)","Shenandoah National Park (Va.) -- History"],"creator_ssm":["Shenandoah National Park (Agency : U.S.)","Potomac Appalachian Trail Club","Engle, Reed L., 1944-2017"],"creator_ssim":["Shenandoah National Park (Agency : U.S.)","Potomac Appalachian Trail Club","Engle, Reed L., 1944-2017"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Engle, Reed L., 1944-2017","Abell, Arlene Carr, 1910-1990","Smith, Dorothy Noble, 1915-1999","Marston, Sharon G. (Sharon Gates), 1944-","Anderson, Ada \"Addie\", 1891-1979","Bradley, Peggy C., 1943-","Atkins, Beulah Frances Atkins, 1900-1989","Atkins, Elmer Jackson, 1906-1993","Northrup, Jim","Atkins, Sally Ethel, 1906-1990","Dodson, Leila F. Atkins, 1901-1983","Austin, Louise Wood, 1909-1993","Dooms, John D.","Baker, Victor L. (Victor Lee), 1894-1990","Baker, Eva Patterson, 1899-1990","Showalter, Alberta Virginia Craun, 1893-1984","Bowman, Lucy Marie Mundy, 1916-2015","Maynes, Barbara","Baldwin, Joseph J. (Joseph Jackson), 1920-2005","Baugher, Harold Owen, 1899-1995","Taylor, Virginia H. (Virginia Haney), 1920-2001","Dalbey, Matthew, 1965-","Beahm, Isaac William, 1895-1990","Anibal, Charles \"Chuck\", 1943-","Stiles, Joy K.","Beahm, Lyle Edward, 1908-1992","Berry, George Lee, 1916-1988","Freeland, Edward D., 1901-1986","Lambert, Darwin, 1916-2007","Gutshall, Chelsea","Bradley, John Lester, Elder, 1907-1980","Bradley, Fern Edith Woods, 1912-2000","Hammond, D. P.","Breeden, Everett L. (Everett Lee), 1904-1989","Breeden, Junie Catherine Thomas, 1907-1988","Breeden, Preston, 1917-2003","Garvey, Edward B., 1914-1999","Moore, Sam (Samuel Varick), 1920-1999","Burke, Weldon, 1904-1986","McCormick, Debbie","Burner, James G., Sr. (James Gilbert), 1912-1995","Burrill, Edna Elizabeth Browning, 1896-1988","Carter, Walter H., 1915-2003","Carter, Caroline Amalia Pfohl, 1917-2020","Steeber, Ken","Smith, Walter, 1936-2018","Updike, Gloria","Struthers, Howard","Edwards, Victoria M.","Cave, Elzie (Elza Alfred), 1907-1991","Cave, Lula Belle Breeden, 1905-1984","Moody, Amanda","Jones, Leigh","Cave, Evidell Arbitus Cave, 1901-1992","Cave, Ralph William, 1907-1996","Smith, Nancy","Cave, Vallie V. (Vallie Virginia), 1906-1990","Thomas, Floyd Elvin, 1908-1998","Allis, Octavia","Chapman, Charles Thomas, Sr., 1904-1986","Early, Mary Susan Leonard, 1883-1983","Coyner, George A., 1906-1979","Giroux, Allie","Coffey, Wallace C., 1892-1968","Coffey, Martha Goode, 1892-1983","Wilhelm, Diane Zior, 1938-2010","Wilhelm, Eugene J., Jr.","Coffman, Lucille Blose, 1903-1994","Coffman, Benjamin, 1903-1995","Cline, Rufus, 1902-1986","Cline, Hazel Garber, 1905-1986","Corbin, George T. (George Thurman), 1888-1978","Hudson, Mary","Lee, Paul","Corbin, Robert H. (Robert Hilton), 1897-1980","Tanner, Allan","Somers, Clarence O. (Clarence Otis), 1900-1986","Somers, Beulah Sours, 1902-1987","Cotter, Jim (James E.)","Shapiro, Jeanette","Corbin, Virgil F. (Virgil Fordice), 1916-1996","Cullers, Claud W. (Claud Wilmer), 1891-1980","Cupp, Bennie (Benjamin W.), circa 1938-","Roach, Lula Willie, 1883-1983","Roach, Hazel Marshall, 1930-2011","Dean, Randal (Randal Rudolph), 1918-2001","Dean, Lola E. (Lola Edith), 1910-1983","Dearing, Mamie Jenkins, 1915-1996","Dodson, Estelle V. Nicholson, 1919-1992","Dodson, Ada Corbin, 1897-1991","Dodson, Hunter C. (Hunter Cleveland), 1910-1996","DuBosq, John G., Jr. (John Genou), 1884-1978","Eppard, Irene Breeden, 1914-1993","Estes, Charles H. (Charles Henry), 1905-1986","Finks, Fisher F. (Fisher Filmore), 1907-1993","Finks, Myrtle Hurt, 1913-1996","Fisher, Vastine, 1936-2021","Wright, Barbara","Fox, Annie Virginia, 1913-2002","Franklin, Butler-Brayne, 1899-2003","Fray, Joseph B. (Joseph Benton), 1894-1987","Frazier, Homer, 1897-1981","Frazier, Virgie Dwyer, 1905-1983","McDonald, Mary Anne","Frazier, Miley J. (Miley Jackson), 1900-1981","Garrison, Harold, 1916-1989","Zirkle, Janna","Popp, Rebecca","Browne, Heather","Stevenson, Erin","Grannis,  Louis C., Sr. (Louis Clifford), 1902-1992","Graves, Cecil C. (Cecil Conard), 1892-1969","Cole, Tiffany","Graves, Matt, Sr., 1895-1987","Deane, Deedee","Dove, Vee","Hastings, Phil","Grove, J. Maurice (John Maurice), 1904-1980","Grove, Frances Rebecca, 1906-1992","Harris, Paul Everett, 1907-1984","Harris, Roy Frank, 1911-1984","Hickerson, James E., Sr. (James Edwin), 1901-1996","Hitt, M. M., Jr. (Marcellus Monroe), 1890-1987","Hoffner, Rosie Lillian Hurt, 1916-1997","Housh, Dorothy H. (Dorothy Hansen), 1893-1997","Carter, Dennis","Huffman, E. L. (Edgar Lee), 1909-1983","Hutton, Mary Sandys, 1904-1985","Johnson, Mamie Clarice, 1883-1972","Harrell, Betsey Johnson, 1893-1981","Johnson, James R. (James Robert), 1921-2007","Graves, Louis W. (Louis Walker), 1916-2006","Jones, Clark, 1909-1987","Jones, Flora Keyser, 1901-1987","Jones, Eli T. (Eli Thomas), 1912-1997","Jones, Erma Lafayette, 1908-1983","Taylor, Lucy May, 1906-1980","Judd, Austin C. (Austin Cletus), 1906-1995","Judd, Gladys Marie, 1904-1989","Judd, Gladys Beahm, 1901-1989","Judd, Loula Breeden, 1903-1993","Kenney, Virginia A. (Virginia Addison), 1911-1981","Kenney, Robert B. (Robert Bedfor), 1913-1987","Knight, Josie, 1897-1986","Lam, Howard","Heatwole, Henry","Lam, Zada Haney, 1905-1994","Lang, Nettie Breeden, 1911-2006","Layman, Robert","Seaman, Hazel Louise, 1905-1988","Long, Louise Varner, 1918-2002","Lambert, Eileen Sarah, 1922-2022","Long, Mae Atkins, 1922-2018","Lucas, Owen E. (Owen Edward), 1928-2013","Taylor, Norman","Mace, Herman Leon, 1918-1986","Maiden, Howard L., Sr. (Howard Luther), 1910-1988","McCoy, Cletus, 1926-2004","Meadows, Clarice Pace, 1901-1988","Meadows, Cleadus A. (Cleadus Alfred), 1908-1994","Meadows, Hazel Colvin, 1907-1990","Brien, Alice Long, 1916-1980","Meadows, Lena T. (Vasalena Taylor), 1902-1979","Miller, Franklin E., Sr. (Franklin Edward), 1916-2004","Miller, Margaret V. (Margaret Virginia), 1916-2005","Scott, Edward B. (Edward Bruce), 1913-1999","Barlow, Russell T. (Russell Thompson), 1913-1999","Mooney, Magdalene Simonpietri, 1913-2011","Morris, Raymond E., Sr. (Raymond Earl), 1925-1980","Morris, William R. (William Robert), 1913-1998","Morris, Lillian V. (Lillian Virginia), 1915-2011","Mundy, Sattie, 1890-1986","Nicholson, Edward S., Sr. (Edward Sherman), 1904-1979","Nicholson, Nellie Dodson, d. before 2008","Nicholson, LeRoy, 1917-1992","Nicholson, Nelson Murphy, 1914-1980","Nicholson, Claudia Frances, 1916-2010","Nicholson, Ray A. (Ray Adron), 1917-1999","Patterson, Allen","Rickard, Blanche, 1883-1986","Ross, Charles J. (Charles Justus), 1908-1980","Brenner, Alan S.","Sampson, Zenith S. (Zenith Shifflett), 1922-1994","Brasted, Chris","Samuels, Edith E. (Edith Ellen), 1919-1985","Schaffner, E. Ray (Edward Ray), 1910-1997","Seale, Jesse Early, 1924-1988","Shifflett, E. P. (Enoch Pat), 1903-1986","Shifflett, Maude F. (Maude Florence), 1905-1993","Shiflett, Bernice B. (Bernice Belle), 1916-1999","Shifflett, Carl O., Sr. (Carl Otto), 1902-1078","Shifflett, Gertrude, 1909-1999","Meisel, Mara","Shifflett, Ella Breeden, 1900-1991","Momich, Bob","Momich, Pat","Shifflett, Irvin F. (Irvin Forrest), 1909-2007","Roach, J. P. (John Paul), 1922-2007","Shifflett, Lydia B. (Lydia Bell), 1916-2020","Sirbaugh, Nettie E., 1885-1984","Sirbaugh, Clarence W. (Clarence William), 1910-1995","Sirbaugh, Beulah C. (Beulah Catherine), 1920-2010","Sisk, Jake, 1899-1986","Smith, Pearl Williams, 1901-1980","Snow, Etta, circa 1902-1983","Snow, Charles R.","Wheeler, Lucille Snow, 1926-2003","Hill, Helen Snow, 1917-1983","Williams, Kathleen Snow, 1929-2005","Sutherland, Margueritte Estelle, 1914-2004","Taylor, David M. (David Monroe), 1927-1993","Tompkins, Lorraine Tina Brown, 1932-2008","Cole, Tiffany (Staff)","Trout, Norm","Johnson, Bob","Twyman, Davis, 1892-1982","Wagner, Charles R. (Charles Ronald), 1915-1991","Wampler, Everett Lee, 1894-1975","Vaughan, Sarah","Waterhouse, Wilfred T., Rev., 1909-1985","Waterhouse, Beatrice M., 1907-1987","Waters, Cletus, 1915-1983","Waters, Hazel S. (Hazel Sarah), 1915-1984","Weaver, Delmar, Dr., 1907-1999","Willberger, Frank, 1896-1981","Williams, Effie Sours, 1907-1992","Wood, Gordon A. (Gordon Alexander), 1913-2006","Wood, Lillie M. (Lillie Mae), 1916-1998","Wood, Lola A. (Lola Audrey), 1906-1993","Wood, Luther W. (Luther Wilbur), 1902-1991","Wood, Myra, 1912-2012","Wood, Ray, 1924-1994","Woodward, Myrtle, 1907-2000","Yager, Dennis P. (Dennis Paul), 1944-","Jenkins, Nelson, 1916-1999","Gray, Wesley, 1932-","Yager, Mattie B. (Mattie Belle), 1904-1987","Yarrow, Darrell","Lillard, John P. (John Printz), 1900-1996"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Shenandoah National Park (Agency : U.S.)","Potomac Appalachian Trail Club"],"creators_ssim":["Engle, Reed L., 1944-2017","Abell, Arlene Carr, 1910-1990","Smith, Dorothy Noble, 1915-1999","Marston, Sharon G. (Sharon Gates), 1944-","Anderson, Ada \"Addie\", 1891-1979","Bradley, Peggy C., 1943-","Atkins, Beulah Frances Atkins, 1900-1989","Atkins, Elmer Jackson, 1906-1993","Northrup, Jim","Atkins, Sally Ethel, 1906-1990","Dodson, Leila F. Atkins, 1901-1983","Austin, Louise Wood, 1909-1993","Dooms, John D.","Baker, Victor L. (Victor Lee), 1894-1990","Baker, Eva Patterson, 1899-1990","Showalter, Alberta Virginia Craun, 1893-1984","Bowman, Lucy Marie Mundy, 1916-2015","Maynes, Barbara","Baldwin, Joseph J. (Joseph Jackson), 1920-2005","Baugher, Harold Owen, 1899-1995","Taylor, Virginia H. (Virginia Haney), 1920-2001","Dalbey, Matthew, 1965-","Beahm, Isaac William, 1895-1990","Anibal, Charles \"Chuck\", 1943-","Stiles, Joy K.","Beahm, Lyle Edward, 1908-1992","Berry, George Lee, 1916-1988","Freeland, Edward D., 1901-1986","Lambert, Darwin, 1916-2007","Gutshall, Chelsea","Bradley, John Lester, Elder, 1907-1980","Bradley, Fern Edith Woods, 1912-2000","Hammond, D. P.","Breeden, Everett L. (Everett Lee), 1904-1989","Breeden, Junie Catherine Thomas, 1907-1988","Breeden, Preston, 1917-2003","Garvey, Edward B., 1914-1999","Moore, Sam (Samuel Varick), 1920-1999","Burke, Weldon, 1904-1986","McCormick, Debbie","Burner, James G., Sr. (James Gilbert), 1912-1995","Burrill, Edna Elizabeth Browning, 1896-1988","Carter, Walter H., 1915-2003","Carter, Caroline Amalia Pfohl, 1917-2020","Steeber, Ken","Smith, Walter, 1936-2018","Updike, Gloria","Struthers, Howard","Edwards, Victoria M.","Cave, Elzie (Elza Alfred), 1907-1991","Cave, Lula Belle Breeden, 1905-1984","Moody, Amanda","Jones, Leigh","Cave, Evidell Arbitus Cave, 1901-1992","Cave, Ralph William, 1907-1996","Smith, Nancy","Cave, Vallie V. (Vallie Virginia), 1906-1990","Thomas, Floyd Elvin, 1908-1998","Allis, Octavia","Chapman, Charles Thomas, Sr., 1904-1986","Early, Mary Susan Leonard, 1883-1983","Coyner, George A., 1906-1979","Giroux, Allie","Coffey, Wallace C., 1892-1968","Coffey, Martha Goode, 1892-1983","Wilhelm, Diane Zior, 1938-2010","Wilhelm, Eugene J., Jr.","Coffman, Lucille Blose, 1903-1994","Coffman, Benjamin, 1903-1995","Cline, Rufus, 1902-1986","Cline, Hazel Garber, 1905-1986","Corbin, George T. (George Thurman), 1888-1978","Hudson, Mary","Lee, Paul","Corbin, Robert H. (Robert Hilton), 1897-1980","Tanner, Allan","Somers, Clarence O. (Clarence Otis), 1900-1986","Somers, Beulah Sours, 1902-1987","Cotter, Jim (James E.)","Shapiro, Jeanette","Corbin, Virgil F. (Virgil Fordice), 1916-1996","Cullers, Claud W. (Claud Wilmer), 1891-1980","Cupp, Bennie (Benjamin W.), circa 1938-","Roach, Lula Willie, 1883-1983","Roach, Hazel Marshall, 1930-2011","Dean, Randal (Randal Rudolph), 1918-2001","Dean, Lola E. (Lola Edith), 1910-1983","Dearing, Mamie Jenkins, 1915-1996","Dodson, Estelle V. Nicholson, 1919-1992","Dodson, Ada Corbin, 1897-1991","Dodson, Hunter C. (Hunter Cleveland), 1910-1996","DuBosq, John G., Jr. (John Genou), 1884-1978","Eppard, Irene Breeden, 1914-1993","Estes, Charles H. (Charles Henry), 1905-1986","Finks, Fisher F. (Fisher Filmore), 1907-1993","Finks, Myrtle Hurt, 1913-1996","Fisher, Vastine, 1936-2021","Wright, Barbara","Fox, Annie Virginia, 1913-2002","Franklin, Butler-Brayne, 1899-2003","Fray, Joseph B. (Joseph Benton), 1894-1987","Frazier, Homer, 1897-1981","Frazier, Virgie Dwyer, 1905-1983","McDonald, Mary Anne","Frazier, Miley J. (Miley Jackson), 1900-1981","Garrison, Harold, 1916-1989","Zirkle, Janna","Popp, Rebecca","Browne, Heather","Stevenson, Erin","Grannis,  Louis C., Sr. (Louis Clifford), 1902-1992","Graves, Cecil C. (Cecil Conard), 1892-1969","Cole, Tiffany","Graves, Matt, Sr., 1895-1987","Deane, Deedee","Dove, Vee","Hastings, Phil","Grove, J. Maurice (John Maurice), 1904-1980","Grove, Frances Rebecca, 1906-1992","Harris, Paul Everett, 1907-1984","Harris, Roy Frank, 1911-1984","Hickerson, James E., Sr. (James Edwin), 1901-1996","Hitt, M. M., Jr. (Marcellus Monroe), 1890-1987","Hoffner, Rosie Lillian Hurt, 1916-1997","Housh, Dorothy H. (Dorothy Hansen), 1893-1997","Carter, Dennis","Huffman, E. L. (Edgar Lee), 1909-1983","Hutton, Mary Sandys, 1904-1985","Johnson, Mamie Clarice, 1883-1972","Harrell, Betsey Johnson, 1893-1981","Johnson, James R. (James Robert), 1921-2007","Graves, Louis W. (Louis Walker), 1916-2006","Jones, Clark, 1909-1987","Jones, Flora Keyser, 1901-1987","Jones, Eli T. (Eli Thomas), 1912-1997","Jones, Erma Lafayette, 1908-1983","Taylor, Lucy May, 1906-1980","Judd, Austin C. (Austin Cletus), 1906-1995","Judd, Gladys Marie, 1904-1989","Judd, Gladys Beahm, 1901-1989","Judd, Loula Breeden, 1903-1993","Kenney, Virginia A. (Virginia Addison), 1911-1981","Kenney, Robert B. (Robert Bedfor), 1913-1987","Knight, Josie, 1897-1986","Lam, Howard","Heatwole, Henry","Lam, Zada Haney, 1905-1994","Lang, Nettie Breeden, 1911-2006","Layman, Robert","Seaman, Hazel Louise, 1905-1988","Long, Louise Varner, 1918-2002","Lambert, Eileen Sarah, 1922-2022","Long, Mae Atkins, 1922-2018","Lucas, Owen E. (Owen Edward), 1928-2013","Taylor, Norman","Mace, Herman Leon, 1918-1986","Maiden, Howard L., Sr. (Howard Luther), 1910-1988","McCoy, Cletus, 1926-2004","Meadows, Clarice Pace, 1901-1988","Meadows, Cleadus A. (Cleadus Alfred), 1908-1994","Meadows, Hazel Colvin, 1907-1990","Brien, Alice Long, 1916-1980","Meadows, Lena T. (Vasalena Taylor), 1902-1979","Miller, Franklin E., Sr. (Franklin Edward), 1916-2004","Miller, Margaret V. (Margaret Virginia), 1916-2005","Scott, Edward B. (Edward Bruce), 1913-1999","Barlow, Russell T. (Russell Thompson), 1913-1999","Mooney, Magdalene Simonpietri, 1913-2011","Morris, Raymond E., Sr. (Raymond Earl), 1925-1980","Morris, William R. (William Robert), 1913-1998","Morris, Lillian V. (Lillian Virginia), 1915-2011","Mundy, Sattie, 1890-1986","Nicholson, Edward S., Sr. (Edward Sherman), 1904-1979","Nicholson, Nellie Dodson, d. before 2008","Nicholson, LeRoy, 1917-1992","Nicholson, Nelson Murphy, 1914-1980","Nicholson, Claudia Frances, 1916-2010","Nicholson, Ray A. (Ray Adron), 1917-1999","Patterson, Allen","Rickard, Blanche, 1883-1986","Ross, Charles J. (Charles Justus), 1908-1980","Brenner, Alan S.","Sampson, Zenith S. (Zenith Shifflett), 1922-1994","Brasted, Chris","Samuels, Edith E. (Edith Ellen), 1919-1985","Schaffner, E. Ray (Edward Ray), 1910-1997","Seale, Jesse Early, 1924-1988","Shifflett, E. P. (Enoch Pat), 1903-1986","Shifflett, Maude F. (Maude Florence), 1905-1993","Shiflett, Bernice B. (Bernice Belle), 1916-1999","Shifflett, Carl O., Sr. (Carl Otto), 1902-1078","Shifflett, Gertrude, 1909-1999","Meisel, Mara","Shifflett, Ella Breeden, 1900-1991","Momich, Bob","Momich, Pat","Shifflett, Irvin F. (Irvin Forrest), 1909-2007","Roach, J. P. (John Paul), 1922-2007","Shifflett, Lydia B. (Lydia Bell), 1916-2020","Sirbaugh, Nettie E., 1885-1984","Sirbaugh, Clarence W. (Clarence William), 1910-1995","Sirbaugh, Beulah C. (Beulah Catherine), 1920-2010","Sisk, Jake, 1899-1986","Smith, Pearl Williams, 1901-1980","Snow, Etta, circa 1902-1983","Snow, Charles R.","Wheeler, Lucille Snow, 1926-2003","Hill, Helen Snow, 1917-1983","Williams, Kathleen Snow, 1929-2005","Sutherland, Margueritte Estelle, 1914-2004","Taylor, David M. (David Monroe), 1927-1993","Tompkins, Lorraine Tina Brown, 1932-2008","Cole, Tiffany (Staff)","Trout, Norm","Johnson, Bob","Twyman, Davis, 1892-1982","Wagner, Charles R. (Charles Ronald), 1915-1991","Wampler, Everett Lee, 1894-1975","Vaughan, Sarah","Waterhouse, Wilfred T., Rev., 1909-1985","Waterhouse, Beatrice M., 1907-1987","Waters, Cletus, 1915-1983","Waters, Hazel S. (Hazel Sarah), 1915-1984","Weaver, Delmar, Dr., 1907-1999","Willberger, Frank, 1896-1981","Williams, Effie Sours, 1907-1992","Wood, Gordon A. (Gordon Alexander), 1913-2006","Wood, Lillie M. (Lillie Mae), 1916-1998","Wood, Lola A. (Lola Audrey), 1906-1993","Wood, Luther W. (Luther Wilbur), 1902-1991","Wood, Myra, 1912-2012","Wood, Ray, 1924-1994","Woodward, Myrtle, 1907-2000","Yager, Dennis P. (Dennis Paul), 1944-","Jenkins, Nelson, 1916-1999","Gray, Wesley, 1932-","Yager, Mattie B. (Mattie Belle), 1904-1987","Yarrow, Darrell","Lillard, John P. (John Printz), 1900-1996","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Shenandoah National Park (Agency : U.S.)","Potomac Appalachian Trail Club"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests for most of the interviews in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. See individual interviews for specific use restrictions. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The interviews comprising this collection were donated by Reed Engle, Shenandoah National Park Cultural Resource Specialist, on behalf of the National Park Service in May 2001."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Mountain life -- Virginia -- Shenandoah National Park -- History","Mountain people -- Virginia -- Shenandoah National Park -- Social life and customs"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Mountain life -- Virginia -- Shenandoah National Park -- History","Mountain people -- Virginia -- Shenandoah National Park -- Social life and customs"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["2.5 cubic feet 6 boxes, 200 audio discs, 158 audiocassettes, unnumbered reels"],"extent_tesim":["2.5 cubic feet 6 boxes, 200 audio discs, 158 audiocassettes, unnumbered reels"],"date_range_isim":[1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for research. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged alphabetically by interviewee's surname.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged alphabetically by interviewee's surname."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cbibref\u003eInterview with Cecil B. Graves by Diane Zior Wilhelm, May 10, 1966, SdArch SNP-056, in the Shenandoah National Park Oral History Collection SdArch SNP, Special Collections, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va.\u003c/bibref\u003e\n    ","\u003cbibref\u003eLambert, Darwin. \"The Undying Past of the Shenandoah National Park.\" Boulder, Co.:  Roberts Rinehart, Inc. Publishers, 1989.\u003c/bibref\u003e\n    ","\u003cbibref\u003eReeder, Carolyn and Jack. \"Shenandoah Heritage: The Story of the People Before the Park.\" Washington, D.C.: The Potomac Appalachian Trail Club, 1978.\u003c/bibref\u003e\n    ","\u003cbibref\u003ePotomac Appalachian Trail Club. \"History of PATC.\" www.patc.net. https://www.patc.net/PATC/WHO_WE_ARE/Our_History/PATC/Who_We_Are/Our_History.aspx?hkey=4952940f-61c2-48b9-a2ea-35308a2b9381(accessed June 7, 2018).\u003c/bibref\u003e\n  "],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["Interview with Cecil B. Graves by Diane Zior Wilhelm, May 10, 1966, SdArch SNP-056, in the Shenandoah National Park Oral History Collection SdArch SNP, Special Collections, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va.","Lambert, Darwin. \"The Undying Past of the Shenandoah National Park.\" Boulder, Co.:  Roberts Rinehart, Inc. Publishers, 1989.","Reeder, Carolyn and Jack. \"Shenandoah Heritage: The Story of the People Before the Park.\" Washington, D.C.: The Potomac Appalachian Trail Club, 1978.","Potomac Appalachian Trail Club. \"History of PATC.\" www.patc.net. https://www.patc.net/PATC/WHO_WE_ARE/Our_History/PATC/Who_We_Are/Our_History.aspx?hkey=4952940f-61c2-48b9-a2ea-35308a2b9381(accessed June 7, 2018)."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBeginning in December 1924, groups like the Southern Appalachian National Park Committee and the Shenandoah National Park Association began to champion the project of creating a park in the Blue Ridge Mountains of Virginia. In the spring of 1926, Congress passed the bill authorizing the establishment of the Shenandoah National Park and the subsequent reclamation of lands owned or farmed by mountain residents.  Subsequently over 450 families were relocated from the park boundaries and moved to nearby communities. After the park was officially established in December 1935, the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) began building visitors centers throughout the mountains.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDorothy Noble Smith (1915-1999) was a native of New Jersey and a graduate of Duke University. She had a distinguished career in banking in New York City before retiring to Luray, Virginia. She was a contributing writer for the Page News and Courier for more than twenty years.  Fascinated by a way of life that was drastically altered with the creation of the Shenandoah National Park in December 1935 she, along with other people associated with the park service, conducted recorded interviews in the late 1970s and early 1980s to document the lives and stories of the former residents of the Blue Ridge Mountains. Her findings based on the oral histories conducted were published in Recollections: The People of the Blue Ridge Remember.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFounded in 1927 on the principles of volunteerism and public service to outdoor enthusiasts, the Potomac Appalachian Trail Club (PATC), headquartered in Vienna, Virginia, is one of 30 trail clubs located in cities along the Appalachian Trail. The PATC's section of trail includes 240 miles beginning at Pine Grove Furnace in Pennsylvania and ending at Rockfish Gap at the southern end of the Shenandoah National Park.  The PATC's activities include building and maintaining trails, cabins, shelters, and publishing a monthly newsletter. PATC members Edward Garvey (1914-1999), Samuel Moore (1920-1999), and Walter Smith conducted interviews in this collection.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDiane Zior Wilhelm (1938-2010) and Eugene Joseph Wilhelm, Jr. conducted many of the earliest interviews within this collection. Diane's interests encompassed Andean Indians, Irish street-traders, New Jersey suburbanites, and Blue Ridge Mountain people focusing on an anthropological perspective. She taught at Middlesex County College in New Jersey from 1967 until her retirement in 2007. A year prior to her death, Dr. Wilhelm was contacted by Special Collections staff, and expressed interest in donating the remainder of her materials and notes from interviews to this collection.  Eugene's interests included geography and ecology.  He wrote his dissertation entitled Folk Georgraphy of the Blue Ridge Mountains while at Texas A \u0026amp; M. Eugene was a visiting geography professor at the University of Virginia and professor of geography at McGill University in Montreal, Canada. Beginning in 1956, the couple often spent weeks during the summer in the Shenandoah National Park researching and interviewing mountain residents.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDarwin Lambert (1916-2007) was the first employee of the National Park Service at the Shenandoah National Park, hired March 1, 1936.  Interested in the relationship between man and nature, He authored several books pertaining to the Blue Ridge Mountains and the Shenandoah National Park including those listed below in the bibliography and as related material.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis collection was originally housed at the Shenandoah National Park headquarters in Luray, Virginia, but was never served to the public because the oral histories were not considered official park records. In May 2001, under the direction of Cultural Resource Specialist Reed Engle, the collection was donated to James Madison University.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Beginning in December 1924, groups like the Southern Appalachian National Park Committee and the Shenandoah National Park Association began to champion the project of creating a park in the Blue Ridge Mountains of Virginia. In the spring of 1926, Congress passed the bill authorizing the establishment of the Shenandoah National Park and the subsequent reclamation of lands owned or farmed by mountain residents.  Subsequently over 450 families were relocated from the park boundaries and moved to nearby communities. After the park was officially established in December 1935, the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) began building visitors centers throughout the mountains.","Dorothy Noble Smith (1915-1999) was a native of New Jersey and a graduate of Duke University. She had a distinguished career in banking in New York City before retiring to Luray, Virginia. She was a contributing writer for the Page News and Courier for more than twenty years.  Fascinated by a way of life that was drastically altered with the creation of the Shenandoah National Park in December 1935 she, along with other people associated with the park service, conducted recorded interviews in the late 1970s and early 1980s to document the lives and stories of the former residents of the Blue Ridge Mountains. Her findings based on the oral histories conducted were published in Recollections: The People of the Blue Ridge Remember.","Founded in 1927 on the principles of volunteerism and public service to outdoor enthusiasts, the Potomac Appalachian Trail Club (PATC), headquartered in Vienna, Virginia, is one of 30 trail clubs located in cities along the Appalachian Trail. The PATC's section of trail includes 240 miles beginning at Pine Grove Furnace in Pennsylvania and ending at Rockfish Gap at the southern end of the Shenandoah National Park.  The PATC's activities include building and maintaining trails, cabins, shelters, and publishing a monthly newsletter. PATC members Edward Garvey (1914-1999), Samuel Moore (1920-1999), and Walter Smith conducted interviews in this collection.","Diane Zior Wilhelm (1938-2010) and Eugene Joseph Wilhelm, Jr. conducted many of the earliest interviews within this collection. Diane's interests encompassed Andean Indians, Irish street-traders, New Jersey suburbanites, and Blue Ridge Mountain people focusing on an anthropological perspective. She taught at Middlesex County College in New Jersey from 1967 until her retirement in 2007. A year prior to her death, Dr. Wilhelm was contacted by Special Collections staff, and expressed interest in donating the remainder of her materials and notes from interviews to this collection.  Eugene's interests included geography and ecology.  He wrote his dissertation entitled Folk Georgraphy of the Blue Ridge Mountains while at Texas A \u0026 M. Eugene was a visiting geography professor at the University of Virginia and professor of geography at McGill University in Montreal, Canada. Beginning in 1956, the couple often spent weeks during the summer in the Shenandoah National Park researching and interviewing mountain residents.","Darwin Lambert (1916-2007) was the first employee of the National Park Service at the Shenandoah National Park, hired March 1, 1936.  Interested in the relationship between man and nature, He authored several books pertaining to the Blue Ridge Mountains and the Shenandoah National Park including those listed below in the bibliography and as related material.","This collection was originally housed at the Shenandoah National Park headquarters in Luray, Virginia, but was never served to the public because the oral histories were not considered official park records. In May 2001, under the direction of Cultural Resource Specialist Reed Engle, the collection was donated to James Madison University."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Shenandoah National Park Oral Histories, 1964-1999, SdArch SNP, Special Collections, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Shenandoah National Park Oral Histories, 1964-1999, SdArch SNP, Special Collections, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNearly all original interviews were recorded on five-inch reels. Most recordings had been transferred to audiocassettes, and later migrated to digital format. Most have a corresponding transcript.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Nearly all original interviews were recorded on five-inch reels. Most recordings had been transferred to audiocassettes, and later migrated to digital format. Most have a corresponding transcript."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Shenandoah National Park Oral Histories, SdArch SNP (formerly SC# 4030), 1964-1999, consists of 135 interviews of people who were living in the Blue Ridge Mountains of Virginia prior to the creation of the Shenandoah National Park. Most of the interviewees resided on land that was claimed by eminent domain by the Commonwealth of Virginia and subsequently turned over to the U.S. Government in the 1930s. The collection is comprised of 6 Hollinger boxes and 6.6 linear feet of media cabinet drawers of audio, transcripts, and images pertaining to interviews conducted primarily by Dorothy Noble Smith as part of her research for Recollections:  The People of the Blue Ridge Remember in additon to members of the Potomac Appalachian Trail Club, park collaborators Eugene and Diane Zior Wilhelm, Darwin Lambert, and others.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTopics discussed by interviewees include mountain folklife, music, food preservation, traditional medicine, agriculture and harvesting, bark peeling, moonshining, chores and family life, and schooling with additional references to the Civilian Conservation Corp, the New Deal, promoter of Skyland Resort and author George Freeman Pollock, and residents' feelings towards the creation of the Shenandoah National Park.  Interviews conducted by Barbara Wright, Norman Taylor, Gloria Updike, and Ken Steeber were presumably added to the collection separately from the interviews conducted in the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eRecords the reminiscences of Arlene Carr Abell who grew up in Sugar Hollow, Virginia, prior to the establishment of Shenandoah National Park in 1934. Describes her home and family life, schooling, holidays and community events. Among the topics discussed are the growing, harvesting and preserving of food, corn shucking and apple butter boiling parties, wild game hunting, home remedies and folk medicine. Includes references to holiday celebrations, mountain music, her father's occupation as a tanner and tales of local moonshiner.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords the reminiscences of Ada \"Addie\" Anderson, (née Smith), with contributions from Vallie Cave, Beulah Sirbaugh and Nell Woodward. Due to the conversational nature of the interview, only Mrs. Anderson's and the interviewer's remarks are identified in the transcript, with comments from the other participants dispersed throughout. Describes home and family life, daily chores, schooling, holidays and community events. Among the topics discussed are the growing, harvesting and preserving of food, soap making, raising livestock and wild game hunting. Includes numerous references to and anecdotes about family members, friends and neighbors known to all four women.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords the reminiscences of Beulah Atkins, who grew up in Beech Spring, Virginia prior to the establishment of Shenandoah National Park in 1934. Describes her home and family life, schooling, holidays and community events. Among the topics discussed are the growing, harvesting and preserving of food, soap making, collecting ginseng and wild game hunting. Includes references to the local Civilian Conservation Corps camp, wakes and funerals, and her work with her father and husband in the barrel making business.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords the reminiscences of Elmer Atkins, who was born and raised near Beech Spring, Virginia prior to the establishment of Shenandoah National Park in 1934. Describes his home and family life, schooling, holidays and community events. Among the topics discussed are farming, raising of livestock, log homes and the local bark peeling industry. Includes references to revival meetings, wakes and funerals, herbal remedies, moonshining, the Influenza Epidemic of 1918-1919 and the chestnut tree blight that decimated the species in the early decades of the 20th century. Mr. Atkins also comments on the forced eviction of his family and neighbors to make way for the construction of the national park.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords the reminiscences of sisters Sallie Atkins and Leila Dodson, who were raised in in a one room log cabin near Hazel Mountain, Virginia, prior to the establishment of Shenandoah National Park in 1934. They are joined by childhood friend, Beulah Atkins, who lived nearby. Describes home and family life, daily chores, schooling, holidays and community events. Among the topics discussed are the growing, harvesting and preserving of food, soap making, raising livestock and wild game hunting. Includes references to the tan bark industry, wakes and funerals, and local shoemakers and merchants\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords the reminiscences of Louise Wood Austin, who grew up in Sugar Hollow, Virginia, prior to the establishment of Shenandoah National Park in 1934. Mrs. Austin and her interviewer, John Dooms, returned to the section of Shenandoah National Park where her family home stood until 1941. Describes her home life and family history, including members of her extended family who represent a cross section of local family names. Among the topics discussed are the growing, harvesting and preserving of food, raising livestock, home remedies and folk medicine. Recalls cattle drives from Ivy, Va., to summer pastures in Jarman Gap, itinerant Syrian peddlers, midwives and square dances. Discusses several small businesses operated by her father and uncles, including a blacksmith shop, distillery and coffin making shop.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords the reminiscences of four Virginia residents who grew up near the Black Rock Springs Hotel, in Black Rock Gap, Virginia. The Black Rock Springs Hotel was a popular tourist destination in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, both for its scenic views and for the natural mineral springs for which it was named. The participants discuss the history of the hotel, their own memories of the grounds and buildings and the hotel's destruction by fire in 1909. Includes references to people associated with the hotel and springs, as well as many of the families and local people who lived near the hotel in its heyday. The site where the hotel stood was incorporated into Shenandoah National Park in the 1930s.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords the reminiscences of Joseph J. Baldwin, who grew up near the Big Meadows area of what would become Shenandoah National Park. Describes home and family life, daily chores, schooling, holidays and community events. Among the topics discussed are the growing, harvesting and preserving of food, dairy cows, traditional herbal medicines and fur trapping. Includes references to weddings, wakes and funerals, moonshiners, the chestnut tree blight and severe local droughts in the1930s.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords the reminiscences of Harold Baugher who grew up in Swift Run, Virginia, in the 1930s, on a farm that became part of Shenandoah National Park. Describes home and family life, daily chores, schooling, holidays and community events. Among the topics discussed are the growing, harvesting and preserving of food, traditional herbal medicines and apple orchards. Includes references to wakes and funerals, sorghum production, bark peeling, Kris Kringling and the evictions of local families to make way for the national park.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Virginia Taylor, (née Haney), who grew up the Blue Ridge Mountains, near Greene County, Va. Describes daily life in the mountains, where her family operated a general store. Gives her recollections of the mountain people and describes in detail her family's experience resettling in Wolftown, Virginia, after the opening of Shenandoah National Park. Mrs. Taylor's family soon relocated to Stanardsville, where she attended high school in the late 1930s. Describes the uneasy social interactions between the local population and the sudden influx of rural mountain people into their community. \u003cstrong\u003eThere is no audio recording for this interview; interview consists of transcript only. \u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords the reminiscences of Isaac W. Beahm, who was born in the Batman Hollow area of Page County, Virginia, on a farm that would eventually become part of Shenandoah National Park. Describes his early home life, the loss of both parents when he was six years old, and the difficulties of running a small farm at the beginning of the 20th century. Recalls his school days at the Rocky Branch School, farm chores, and various odd jobs he held, such as working at local saw mills and tanneries, as well as helping to construct Skyline Drive. Discusses family gatherings, such as apple butter boilings, hog butchering and the folk music and dancing that often ensued. The interview was conducted at the home of Mr. Beahm's daughter, who is not named in the interview, but whose comments are interspersed throughout. Both Mr. Beahm and his daughter mention participating in the dedication ceremonies for the park, conducted by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1936. The Beahms were one of the few families to move from the area voluntarily, prior to the opening of the park.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords the reminiscences of Lyle E. Beahm, who was born in the Jewell Hollow area of Page County, Virginia, on a farm that would eventually become part of Shenandoah National Park. Describes his early home and family life, school days at the Shenk Hollow School, farm chores,and folk remedies. Discusses family gatherings, such as apple butter boilings, hog butchering and funerals. Briefly mentions the Civilian Conservation Corps, racial segregation and intra-family marriages. An unnamed woman, identified only as Mrs. in the transcript, and believed to be Eva Sours, contributes to the interview as well.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords the reminiscences of George Berry, who was born in the Cool Springs area near Fishers Gap, Virginia, in a log house on land that would eventually become part of Shenandoah National Park. Describes his early home and family life, school days at the Forrest Dale School, farm chores,and folk remedies. Discusses family gatherings, folk music, bark peeling and local moonshiners. Recalls his experiences working for the New Deal relief programs, the National Youth Administration as a boy, and later for its parent program, the Works Progress Administration. Mr. Berry recalls playing folk music for tourists at scenic stops along Skyline drive. Also discussed are the evictions of families from their homes, subsequently located within park boundaries, and the long term social and economic effects on those people over the following decades.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Edward D. Freeland, Superintendent of Shenandoah National Park from 1942 to 1950. Mr. Freeland describes conditions at the park at the beginning of World War II. With the onset of the war, the federal government ended the Civilian Conservation Corps project, (CCC), the single largest source of labor for the National Park Service, as most CCC personnel went into the armed services. The CCC laborers were eventually replaced by men from the Civilian Public Service, (CPS), the national program through which conscientious objectors could perform their national service. Gas rationing and travel restrictions greatly reduced the number of visitors to the park during the war years. Discusses the controversy surrounding post-war racial integration of the park, the creation and expansion of Skyline Drive and the Appalachian trail, living conditions among the local mountain people prior to the establishment of the park and the activities of local moonshiners. Numerous individuals associated with Shenandoah National Park, the National Park Service and the Virginia Sky-Line Company are mentioned throughout the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords the reminiscences of John Bradley, who grew up near the Jewell Hollow area of what would become Shenandoah National Park. Describes home and family life, daily chores, schooling, holidays and community events. Among the topics discussed are the growing, harvesting and preserving of food, grist mills, traditional herbal medicines and fur trapping. Includes references to the weddings, wakes and funerals, moonshiners and licensed distillers, toll roads and Skyline Drive. Also refers briefly to local military skirmishes during the Civil War. Mr. Bradley describes communal activities such as apple butter boilings and occasions known locally as frolics where farm families would gather to help their neighbors plow fields or clear away stones. Discusses the impact of the forced eviction of local residents to make way for the national park. Also present for the interview was Mr. Bradley's wife, who is identified only as Mrs. Bradley in the transcript, but whose comments appear throughout.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords the reminiscences of Everett Breeden, who grew up on Tanners Ridge, in Page County, Virginia prior to the establishment of Shenandoah National Park in 1934. Also contributing to the interview is Mr. Breeden's wife, whose first name is not mentioned. Mrs. Breeden gives her maiden name as Thomas, and identifies her father as William Henry Thomas, also of Page County. Based on this information, she is believed to be Junie Catherine Breeden. Together, they describe their early home and family lives, schooling, holidays and community events. Among the topics discussed are the growing, harvesting and preserving of food, soap making, folk medicine and wild game hunting. Includes references to the local Civilian Conservation Corps camp, burial rites, and midwives. Mr. Breeden worked on the construction of Camp Hoover, also known as Rapidan Camp, which was the first presidential retreat. President Herbert Hoover commissioned the construction of the facility in 1929, which he later donated to Shenandoah National Park. Mr. Breeden recounts meeting and speaking with the president on several occasions at the retreat, which Mr. Hoover referred to as his Summer White House.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords the reminiscences of Preston Breeden, who was born in 1917 and raised on a small farm where Pocosin Cabin now stands near the Appalachian Trail route through Shenandoah National Park. Mr. Breeden was interviewed by Edward B. Garvey and Samuel Moore of the Potomac Appalachian Trail Club, (PATC), which maintains the cabin, and Charles Anibal, Assistant Park Naturalist for Shenandoah National Park (SNP). The tone of the interview is largely conversational, with all four men contributing information about the region at the time of the founding and construction of Shenandoah National Park in the 1930s. Mr. Breeden describes his youth and early home life on the farm, including the crops grown by his family and the livestock they raised. Discusses his early working years in the local saw mills and barrel stave mills, hauling wood for the tan bark industry and his two-year stint with the Civilian Conservation Corps, where he worked as a foreman during the construction of Skyline Drive. The group visits the remains of the Upper Pocosin Mission, an Episcopal church where Mr. Breeden's mother and aunt lived briefly after their home was taken by the state by eminent domain. Mr. Breeden recalls the general mood of the local community regarding their forced evictions by the state of Virginia. He speaks at length of many of the local families, prominent landowners and small businessmen. Includes comments on the area's fish and wild game in his youth, the annual apple and chestnut harvests, general stores, cemeteries, grist mills and the activities of some local moonshiners.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords the reminiscences of Weldon Burke, who grew up near the summit of Hazel Mountain, Virginia, prior to the establishment of Shenandoah National Park in 1934. Describes home and family life, daily chores, schooling, holidays and community events. Among the topics discussed are the growing, harvesting and preserving of food, raising livestock and gathering wild chestnuts and ginseng. Includes references to the tan bark industry, wakes and funerals, local merchants, and moonshiners.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords the reminiscences of James Burner, who was born in Page County, Virginia, not far from the future site of Shenandoah National Park. Mr. Burner served in the Civilian Conservation Corps, (CCC), during the construction of the park and later became a park ranger in the National Park Service. Describes his experiences working with local mountaineer men in the CCC camps, their history and social conditions in the 1930s. Mr. Burner refers to numerous local mountain families and prominent individuals involved in the creation of the park. Topics include mountain agriculture and wildlife, folk music and dancing, traditional medicines, clothing, schooling, feuds and moonshiners. Mr. Burner was present at the founding of the first CCC camps in Virginia and discusses them in great detail. As a naturalist and conservationist, he discusses the local flora and fauna of the region in great depth as well. Identifies numerous local plant and animal species and their habitats. Comments on early efforts to rebuild the local deer population while reducing the number of wild bears. Comments on the social and economic effects of the Chestnut Blight of the 1930s on local families.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Edna Elizabeth Burrill, (née Browning), regarding her uncle, James Burrill, who sold a large parcel of land to the state of Virginia in the 1930s to be used for Shenandoah National Park. Mrs. Burrill is joined by her two daughters, Mary Ellen Jennings and Gladys Peaches Burrill, both of Luray, Va. James Burrill was born in Leeds, England, around 1850 and emigrated to the United States as a young man. Burrill soon established himself in America and sent for his wife Ellen, also of Leeds, to join him. Over the next thirty years, James Burrill would achieve great success in a number of business opportunities which enabled him to act as benefactor for numerous civic and commercial ventures in Page County. Mrs. Burrill recalls her uncle's sale of land, estimated at 4,200 acres, to the state at prices ranging from $2.50 to $10.00 dollars per acre. Also mentioned is James Burrill's contribution to the establishment of the Deford Tannery, (later known as Virginia Oak Tannery), and the founding of Christ Episcopal Church of Luray.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords the reminiscences of Walter Carter, whose family owned apple orchards on Dickey Ridge, just south of Front Royal, Virginia, in the decades preceding the establishment of Shenandoah National Park. Describes the physical layout of the the orchards and surrounding towns. Discusses the demise of the apple industry in that part of the Shenandoah Valley due to a shrinking work force, as local families were evicted by the state to make room for the park. In the years prior to the Second World War, the primary customer for the Carter's apples, the United Kingdom, placed restrictive tariffs on U.S. grown apples which made it impossible to compete with fruit from Canada and New Zealand. The second part of the interview consists of a driving tour of the orchard area, with Mr. Carter describing the former locations of buildings, roads, home sites and cemeteries. The group is joined by Mr. Carter's wife, Caroline Carter, whose own recollections and comments are included in the discussion. The Carters make numerous references to local families and landowners. Includes comments on the construction of Skyline Drive, which, while providing north-south access along the crests of the Blue Ridge Mountains, resulted in the closing of numerous east-west routes across the mountains.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords the reminiscences of Mr. and Mrs. Elzie Cave, who were born and raised in Dark Hollow, Virginia prior to the establishment of Shenandoah National Park in 1934. Mrs. Cave's full name is not given in the course of the interview, but an accompanying typed manuscript gives her name as Lula Breeden Cave. Describes their early home and family lives, schooling, marriage, holidays and community events. Among the topics discussed are farming, raising of livestock, local wildlife and the bark peeling industry. Includes references to Civil War ancestors, wakes and funerals, herbal remedies and the weather extremes of drought and record snows in the 1920s and 30s.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMr. Cave leads a walking and driving tour of the area around the Cave family homestead in Dark Hollow, Virginia, where he was raised prior to the establishment of Shenandoah National Park in 1934. The tour includes a stop at the Cave family cemetery, where Mr. Cave identifies the grave sites of his extended family, going back to the Civil War, and explains the genealogy of the various family members interred there. Includes references to Civil War era ancestors, moonshiners, bark peeling, copper mining, ginseng and chestnut harvesting, and other natural features of Dark Hollow.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords the reminiscences of Evidell Cave, who was born and raised in Dark Hollow, Virginia, prior to the establishment of Shenandoah National Park in 1934. Describes her early home and family life, schooling, marriage, holidays and community events. Among the topics discussed are farming and food preservation, livestock, local wildlife, and the bark peeling industry. Includes references to local families, moonshine, herbal remedies, Camp Hoover and the effects of the chestnut tree blight on the local economy.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords the reminiscences of Ralph Cave, who was born and raised in Dark Hollow, Virginia, prior to the establishment of Shenandoah National Park in 1934. Describes his early home and family life, schooling, marriage and community events. Mr. Cave recounts the history of the Cave family in Dark Hollow as well as marriages and other interactions between the Caves and other local families. Numerous references are made to individual members of the Breeden, Thomas, and Weakley families. Describes his own experiences working on Skyline Drive and Camp Hoover in the early 1930s, as well as his personal memories of Skyland developer, George Pollock. Among the topics discussed are farming, raising of livestock, local wildlife and the bark peeling industry. Includes references to community activities such as corn shucking and apple butter boiling, herbal remedies and the record snows in the 1920s and 30s.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords the reminiscences of Vallie Cave, (née Thomas), and her brother, Floyd Thomas, who were born and raised near Bootens Gap, Virginia, prior to the establishment of Shenandoah National Park in 1934. Describes home and family life, daily chores, schooling, holidays and community events. Among the topics discussed are the growing, harvesting and preserving of food, soap making, raising livestock and wild game hunting. Includes references to trapping, moonshining, courtship, the chestnut tree blight, Camp Hoover and meetings with President Hoover. This collection includes two copies of the typed transcript, which note that the transcript is unfinished, with approximately another 15 minutes of taped interview remaining. Also included is a handwritten transcript containing minor notes omitted from the typed copies.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords a brief interview with Charles Chapman, a life-long resident of Luray, Virginia, and a carillonneur of international renown. Mr. Chapman's father owned a grocery store in Luray that served many of the local mountain families from 1904 until the 1940s. Recalls his earliest memories of the mountain people and their transactions with his father. Includes references to the annual chestnut harvest and seasonal mountain wildfires. Mr. Chapman also reminisces about local entrepreneur, George Pollock, owner of nearby Skyland resort.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords the reminiscences of Mary Early, (née Leonard), who lived in New Hope, not far from the Black Rock Springs Hotel, in Black Rock Gap, Virginia. The Black Rock Springs Hotel was a popular tourist destination in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, both for its scenic views and for the natural mineral springs for which it was named. Mrs. Early recounts her memories of the grounds and buildings and the popularity of the site in the years following the hotel's destruction by fire in 1909. Includes references to people associated with the hotel and springs, as well as many of the families and local people who lived near the hotel in its heyday. The site where the hotel stood was incorporated into Shenandoah National Park in the 1930s. Joining Mrs. Early in the interview is her son-in-law, George Coyner.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eConsists of a fragmentary recording of Wallace Ross Coffey and his wife, Martha, (née Goode). The discussion focuses on Martha Coffey's upcoming birthday and the Coffey's 50th wedding anniversary coming up on September 12, 1964.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords the reminiscences of Lucille V. Coffman, (née Blose), and her husband, who is not named in the interview, but is believed to be Benjamin P. Coffman, both of whom grew up near the southern edge of Shenandoah National Park. Describes home and family life, daily chores, schooling, holidays and community events. Among the topics discussed are the growing, harvesting and preserving of food, raising livestock, wild game hunting and fishing. Includes references to the herbal remedies, moonshiners, the Influenza Epidemic of 1918 and the chestnut tree blight of the early part of the 20th century. Refers to the origins of the Blose family in Virginia and interactions between the mountain people and locals living in the Shenandoah Valley.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords the reminiscences of Rufus and Hazel Cline, (née Garber), who lived in New Hope, not far from the Black Rock Springs Hotel, in Black Rock Gap, Virginia. The Black Rock Springs Hotel was a popular tourist destination in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, both for its scenic views and for the natural mineral springs for which it was named. Mr. and Mrs. Cline recount their memories of the grounds and buildings and the popularity of the site in the years following the hotel's destruction by fire in 1909. Includes references to people associated with the hotel and springs, as well as many of the families and local people who lived near the hotel in its heyday. The site where the hotel stood was incorporated into Shenandoah National Park in the 1930s.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview conducted by Edward Garvey of the Potomac Appalachian Trail Club (PATC) with George Corbin, who lived in Nicholson Hollow, Virginia from 1888 to 1938. The Corbin homestead was located on part of the land turned over to the NPS by the state of Virginia in the 1930s. Corbin describes the circumstances at the time of the construction of the log cabin he built for his family in 1909. The logs for the cabin were harvested locally by Corbin, who then cut and shaped them using axes and other hand tools. Corbin recalls the day of the house raising when ten friends and neighbors joined him to assemble all of the walls and rafters within the course of a single day. The cabin was later turned over to the PATC for use as a trail shelter in 1954, and is listed on the National Registry of Historic Buildings as the George T. Corbin Cabin. Edward Garvey was part of the PATC crew that restored the cabin for public use. Corbin elaborates on local methods of raising and storing crops and vegetables, collecting tan bark, funerals and burial rituals, and gives a detailed account of his experiences distilling moonshine. Includes a discussion on the Corbin and Nicholson family cemetery, as well as the local schoolhouse and church. Mr. Corbin speaks at length of the genealogies of the Corbins and the Nicholsons, as well as many of the other local mountain families. Included are anecdotes regarding businessman and entrepreneur George Pollock, owner of Skyland resort, and several local residents.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with George Corbin, who leads a party of researchers from the National Park Service (NPS) and the Potomac Appalachian Trail Club (PATC) on a walking tour of the Corbin homestead in Nicholson Hollow. The primary interviewer does not identify himself on the tape, but does name Edward Garvey of the PATC as a member of the group, and another participant gives his name as Paul Lee. The Corbin homestead was located on part of the land turned over to the NPS by the state of Virginia in the 1930s. Corbin identifies the sites of a number of homesteads and the names of their former occupants, including a tour of the cabin he built in 1909, which was turned over to the PATC for use as a trail shelter and is listed on the National Registry of Historic Buildings as the George T. Corbin Cabin. The tour includes a visit to the Corbin and Nicholson family cemetery and the site of the local schoolhouse. Mr. Corbin speaks at length of the genealogies of the Corbins and the Nicholsons, as well as many of the other local mountain families. Included are numerous anecdotes regarding businessman and entrepreneur George Pollock, owner of Skyland resort, and a discussion of the activities of several area moonshiners, including Mr. Corbin. The last quarter of the interview features the comments of an unidentified woman presumably a relative of Mr. Corbin.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Robert H. Corbin, who leads a party of researchers from the National Park Service (NPS), the Potomac Appalachian Trail Club (PATC) and several family members on a walking tour of Nicholson Hollow. The primary interviewers are Allen Tanner of the PATC and Paul Lee of the NPS. Additional questions and commentary are provided by Mr. Corbin's son, Joe, and other family members. The Corbin homestead was located on part of the land turned over to the NPS by the state of Virginia in the 1930s. The primary focus of the tour was the identification of home sites and their owners along the length of Nicholson Hollow. Discusses home and family life in the mountains, including the tan bark industry, apple, chestnut and ginseng harvesting, food cultivation and preservation, and the moonshine business. Community gatherings, such as weddings, funerals, corn husking and apple butter boiling parties are also discussed, with passing mentions of Camp Hoover and local entrepreneur George Pollock, owner of nearby Skyland resort. Mr. Corbin, who was nearly 80 years old, gives an extensive account of many of the inhabitants of Nicholson and Corbin Hollows, as well as Corbin Mountain. The second eldest of 21 children, Corbin was related by blood or marriage to most of the surrounding families. Some of the more notable relatives mentioned include Corbin's cousin George T. Corbin, builder of the landmark Corbin Cabin, Aaron Nicholson and Phinnel Fennel Corbin, who were both featured in George Pollock's book Skyland: Heart of the Shenandoah Valley. Corbin describes two local murders, including that of his father, William J. Corbin, who was killed by a family member, John Nicholson, in 1922.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Clarence Somers, who planted and maintained the Judd Gardens at Skyland Resort from 1922 to 1945. Judd Gardens were named for George and Marianna Judd of Washington, DC, who owned several lots and cabins at Skyland, including the land where the gardens were laid out in 1910. Mrs. Judd was allowed to remain at Skyland after the property was incorporated into Shenandoah National Park in 1936, until her death in 1958. The gardens were abandoned by order of the National Park Service in 1945. The interview consists chiefly of comparisons of plants and trees found at during a recent botanical survey of the site of the gardens, conducted by Jim Cotter of the National Park Service, with Mr. Somers' recollection of the garden plantings through 1945. Comments by a woman identified only as Mrs. Somers, (believed to be Beulah V. Somers, (née Sours)), occur throughout the interview, as do references to George F. Pollock, owner of Skyland Resort.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords the reminiscences of Virgil Corbin, who was born and raised in Corbin Cabin, in Nicholson Hollow, Virginia prior to the establishment of Shenandoah National Park in 1934. Describes his home and family life, holidays and community events. Among the topics discussed are farming, raising of livestock, hunting, fishing and food preservation techniques. Includes references to weddings, wakes and funerals, herbal remedies, moonshining, and ginseng. Mr. Corbin also speaks of relatives from both the Corbin and Nicholson sides of his family, including his father, George T. Corbin, his grandfather and two great-uncles who served in the Confederate army. Includes a two page manuscript, written by Mr. Corbin, titled From a Primitive Life to Modern Living. Corbin Cabin was the homestead built by George Corbin in 1910 and is one of the few intact cabins remaining in Shenandoah National Park. It was turned over to the Potomac Appalachian Trail Club in the 1950s, restored and currently serves as a popular trail shelter. The building is listed on the National Registry of Historic Buildings as the George T. Corbin Cabin. See SdArch no. SNP-33 for an interview with George Corbin.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords the reminiscences of Claud W. Cullers, a lifelong resident of Rileyville, Virginia, who raised cattle throughout the 1920s and 1930s. Mr. Cullers would move his cattle to mountain pastures each year, where they would graze into the fall. Describes his memories of the local mountain people, their modes of living and sources of income. Discusses the bark and lumber industries, chestnut, apple and berry harvests, and prominent local moonshiners. A woman with the surname Keyser, identified as Mrs. Cullers' niece, also contributes to the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords the reminiscences of Bennie Cupp, his grandmother, Lula Roach, and his aunt, Hazel Marshall Roach, who lived near Rocky Bar, Virginia, an area that became part of Shenandoah National Park. Much of the interview centers around the reminiscences of Lula Roach, who was 95 years old at the time and who recalled many details of everyday life in the Blue Ridge Mountains around the turn of the 20th century. Describes home and family life, school days, farm chores, livestock, wild game and folk remedies. Discusses family gatherings, such as holidays, apple butter boilings, hog butchering and funerals. Other topics include the various means of earning a living available to the local residents, such as bark peeling, cutting poles and ties for the railroads, the apple, chestnut and ginseng harvests and the production of moonshine.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords the reminiscences of Randal Dean, who was born and raised on Dean Mountain, near Elkton, Virginia, an area that became part of Shenandoah National Park. Describes home and family life, school days, farm chores, livestock and his work in his father's saw mill. Discusses family gatherings, such as holidays, apple butter boilings, hog butchering and funerals. Includes references to bark peeling and local moonshiners.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords the reminiscences of Lola Dean, who moved to the Pine Grove area, bordering Shenandoah National Park, in 1950. The interview deals chiefly with her memories and impressions of the mountain people who lived in the area at that time. Includes references to the gardens and livestock raised by the local people, their methods of food preservation, popular holiday traditions and the problems resulting from long-term intermarriage within small communities. Several references to the works of Episcopal missionary, Deaconess Mary Sandys Hutton, occur throughout the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords the reminiscences of Mamie Dearing, who grew up near Dark Hollow, Virginia, prior to the establishment of Shenandoah National Park. Describes her early home and family life, household chores, and school days. Discusses the growing, harvesting and preserving of food, hog butchering, apple butter boilings and herbal remedies. Includes references to holidays, weddings, funerals, and courting.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords the reminiscences of Estelle Dodson, (née Nicholson), who grew up in a log house in Corbin Hollow, Virginia, prior to the establishment of Shenandoah National Park. Describes her early home and family life, household chores, and school days. Discusses the difficulties of making a living in the mountains during the Great Depression and her father's work as a basket maker. Other sources of income included harvesting chestnuts and ginseng, and selling flowers and berries at nearby Skyland Resort. Recalls numerous members of the Dodson, Nicholson and Corbin families, including her grandfather, David Nicholson and her first cousin, George Corbin, who built Corbin Cabin in 1910. Also includes anecdotes regarding George Pollock, local entrepreneur and owner of Skyland, and the importance of the resort to the local economy. Estelle Dodson's mother-in-law, who is only identified in the interview as Mrs. Dodson, contributes to the interview throughout. A note written on one of the transcripts identifies her as Mrs. Odie Dodson.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords a fragment of an interview with Hunter Dodson, who grew up near Corbin Hollow, Virginia, and is described as a ranger at Shenandoah National Park. Describes the lifestyles of the mountain people who lived in the area prior to the establishment of the park, and some of the various means of making a living that were available to them at that time. Also includes references to George Pollock, local entrepreneur and owner of Skyland, and the importance of the resort to the local economy. In June, 2009, Dr. Diane Zior Wilhelm donated photocopies of her field notes from this interview to JMU Special Collections.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords the reminiscences of Reverend John Dubosq, who came to the Naked Creek Mission in Jollett Hollow in 1932. Describes his early years as a minister among the mountain people and their acceptance of him into their tight-knit community. Recalls his pastoral duties delivering sermons and officiating at weddings and funerals. Describes the lifestyles of the mountain people, their means of growing and preserving food, as well as the fruit, chestnut and ginseng harvests. Also reflects on the importance of moonshine to the local economy.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords the reminiscences of Irene Eppard, (née Breeden), who was born and raised near Thorofare Mountain, in Rockingham County, Virgina, and lived there until the local families were evicted in 1936. Describes her early home and school life, popular community gatherings such as corn shucking and apple butter boiling parties, as well as courting, wedding and funeral rituals. Includes references to the gardens and livestock raised by the mountain people, their methods of food preservation and popular holiday traditions.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords the reminiscences of Charles Estes, who owned a sawmill and several other businesses near Piney River, in Rappahannock County, Virgina, in the 1920s and 30s. Describes the everyday lives of the mountain people who lived around Piney River, popular community gatherings such as hog and beef butchering and apple butter boiling parties, as well as courting, wedding and funeral rituals. Includes references to the gardens and livestock raised by the mountain people, their methods of food preservation and popular holiday traditions. Discusses the various means available for earning money, such as bark peeling, barrel stave making, apple picking and moonshining. Includes anecdotes regarding Virginia governor Harry Byrd and local entrepreneur George Pollock, owner of Skyland resort. A woman identified only as Mrs. Estes provides an extensive description of many common herbal remedies employed by the mountain people, as well as additional commentary throughout.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords the reminiscences of Fisher Finks and his wife, Myrtle Hurt Finks, who lived near the Big Meadows area of Shenandoah National Park until the mid 1920s. Opens with Mr. Finks reading from family documents that establish the presence of the Finks family in Virginia dating back to 1736. Describes daily life in the mountains, including local agriculture, livestock production and food preservation, as well as the important tan bark industry. Discusses popular community events, such as weddings and funerals, corn husking, apple butter boilings and courting. Recalls the traditional remedies used for common ailments and injuries, as well as a brief discussion on deadly diphtheria outbreaks and the Influenza Epidemic of 1918. Includes discussions of race relations in the region, the prevalence of moonshine and its possible connection to numerous local murders. Also recalls local entrepreneur, George Pollock, owner of Skyland resort and the construction of Camp Hoover, the presidential retreat created by Herbert Hoover.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords a walking tour led by Vastine Fisher, whose family lived in the Blue Ridge Mountains near McCormick Gap for generations, until the last access roads were closed to make way for Skyline Drive and Shenandoah National Park in the 1930s. Mr. Fisher's grandparents moved off the mountain to nearby property they owned, outside the boundaries of the park. The tour begins near the log cabin where Mr. Fisher's father was born and proceeds to various locations around Calf Mountain, Dean Mountain, Sugar Hollow, Cavalry's Hollow, and Buck's Elbow Mountain.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords the reminiscences of Annie Fox, who lived in Fox Hollow, near Front Royal, Virginia, briefly after her marriage in the 1930s. Describes daily life in the mountains, including local agriculture, livestock production and food preservation, courting rituals and folk music.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Butler Franklin, (née Butler-Brayne Thornton Robinson), a direct descendant of Francis Thornton, III, who built a plantation near Sperryville, Virginia, in the 1740s. Mrs. Franklin contends that several prominent geographic features now located in Shenandoah National Park, including Thornton Gap, the Thornton River and Mary's Rock, were named for Francis Thornton and his descendants. Includes a genealogical history of the Thornton family in Virginia, from William Thornton, III, who emigrated from England in the 1640s, through Col. John Thornton, who married Jane Washington, aunt of the future first president. Discusses several Thornton estates, including Montpelier, the plantation built on the Rappahannock River near Sperryville, and the Thornton ancestral home, Fall Hill, in Fredericksburg ,where Mrs. Franklin resided at the time of the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords the reminiscences of Joseph Fray, who was a member of the Chamber of Commerce in Madison County, Virginia, in the 1920s, and witness to the events that led to the founding of Camp Hoover, Skyline Drive and Shenandoah National Park. Describes the work of local, state and federal officials in the planning and construction of Camp Hoover, also known as Rapidan Camp, which was a rustic retreat where President and Mrs. Hoover could escape the heat and congestion of Washington, DC. Fray reflects on the impact Camp Hoover had on Madison County, both as a works project and through the numerous benefits, such as roads, schools, and even air mail delivery, that came in the wake of its construction. Discusses the impetus Camp Hoover had on the founding of Skyline Drive and ultimately, Shenandoah National Park. Includes references to the lives of the mountain people and their sources of income, such as tan bark peeling and basket weaving, and local entrepreneur, George Pollock, owner of Skyland resort. A woman identified in the transcript as Mrs. Fray also contributes to the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords the reminiscences of Homer and Virgie Frazier, (née Dwyer), who were born and raised near Sperryville, Virginia. Describes daily life in the mountains, including local agriculture, livestock production and food preservation, courting rituals and folk music. Discusses the annual cattle drives from the lowlands to the mountain pastures.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords the reminiscences of Miley Frazier, who was born in 1900 near Patterson Ridge, in what would become the Southern Section of Shenandoah National Park. Describes daily life in the mountains, including local agriculture, livestock production and food preservation, courting rituals and folk music. Discusses the annual cattle drives from the lowlands to the mountain pastures. Discusses the importance of seasonal harvests, including chestnuts, huckleberries and tan bark, to the local economy.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords the reminiscences of Harold Garrison, who lived near Browns Gap, in what would become the Southern Section of Shenandoah National Park. Describes daily life in the mountains, including local agriculture, livestock production and food preservation, courting rituals and folk music. Discusses the importance of seasonal harvests, including chestnuts, ginseng and tan bark, to the local economy. Includes comments on moonshining, local murders and a 1954 plane crash on nearby Calf Mountain. The second half of the interview takes place in a Park Service vehicle as the two interviewers drive Mr. Garrison through the Browns Gap and Browns Cove areas of the park as he identifies local landmarks and home sites. The primary interviewer identifies herself as Janice Erkel, however there is no written documentation on the exact spelling of her name. The other interviewer is identified only as Tim, and as the driver of the vehicle, is presumably affiliated with Shenandoah National Park.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Louis Grannis, who operated a sawmill on Mt. Marshall, near Browntown, Virginia in the early 1920s. The mill produced railroad ties of various sizes, as well as telephone poles, until the commonwealth banned such activities in the proposed park area in 1924. Grannis discusses the economics and logistics of operating a mill in such an isolated location. A woman identified in the transcript as Mrs. Grannis also contributes to the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Cecil Graves, who taught in the Page County school system in the mid-1930s prior to becoming School Superintendent in 1944. Describes his impressions of the mountain people who had been relocated to Page County to make way for Shenandoah National Park. Discusses the difficulties many encountered in adjusting to their new lives in the Valley.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Matt Graves Sr., leads a small group on a driving tour of a section of Shenandoah National Park near Syria, Virginia. Mr. Graves lived in the region prior to the opening of the park and was able to identify the sites and former owners of numerous homesteads, mills and cemeteries in the vicinity of Milam Gap. Also participating in the interview are Phil Hastings and John Dooms, naturalists affiliated with Shenandoah National Park.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Frances Grove and her brother, J. Maurice Grove, whose father owned large tracts of land in the Rocky Branch area of what later became Shenandoah National Park. The Grove family raised beef cattle at the time and Mr. Grove would drive hundreds of head of cattle to mountain pastures each summer, and then on to the rail yards in New Market in the fall. Describes cattle raising, food production, and preservation. Includes references to local entrepreneur, George Freeman Pollock, owner of nearby Skyland resort.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Paul Harris, who grew up in the Brown's Gap area of what would become Shenandoah National Park. The Harris family owned a small farm and would supplement their income by tending herds of dairy cows brought up to the mountain pastures each summer. As partial payment, the family would keep the milk produced by the cows, selling it, homemade butter, eggs and other produce to the nearby Black Rock Springs Hotel. Discusses social life in the mountains, the raising of livestock and produce, as well as the moonshine business. Includes a photocopy of a leaf of sheet music and lyrics titled, The Blue Ridge Mountaineer, which was written by Mr. Harris' father, E. A. Harris, in the 1930s. Mr. Harris' brother, Roy Harris, is the subject of an additional interview in this series, SdArch no. SNP-60.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Roy Harris, who grew up in the Brown's Gap area of what would become Shenandoah National Park. The Harris family owned a small farm and would supplement their income by tending herds of dairy cows brought up to the mountain pastures each summer. As partial payment, the family would keep the milk produced by the cows, selling it, homemade butter, eggs and other produce to the nearby Black Rock Springs Hotel. Discusses social life in the mountains, the raising of livestock and produce, as well as the moonshine business. Mr. Harris' brother, Paul Harris, is the subject of an additional interview in this series, SdArch no. SNP-59. A woman identified only as Mrs. Harris in the transcript adds several comments throughout the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with James Hickerson, who grew up in Hickerson Hollow, near Front Royal, Virginia, prior to the establishment of Shenandoah National Park. Discusses home and school life, livestock and vegetable production, herbal remedies and moonshining.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with M.M. Hitt, Jr., whose father owned a general store in Luray, Virginia, at the turn of the 20th century. Mr. Hitt ran his own confectionery store in Luray, from 1911 to about 1930. Discusses the retail business at that time and his impressions of the mountain people who would patronize his store. Includes references to local entrepreneur, George Freeman Pollock, owner of nearby Skyland resort, and local Episcopal missionary, Mary Deaconess Hutton.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Rosie Hoffner, (née Hurt), who grew up in Madison County, Virginia, near the site of Herbert Hoover's country retreat, Camp Hoover. Discusses home and school life, livestock and vegetable production, herbal remedies and moonshining. Includes reminiscences of frequent visits with President and Mrs. Hoover at the retreat, as well as encounters with local entrepreneur, George Freeman Pollock, owner of nearby Skyland resort.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Dorothy Housh, whose late husband, Chester C. Housh, was a community manager in the Farm Security Administration that oversaw the forced relocation of hundreds of mountain families from the Blue Ridge Mountains in the 1930s. By the time the Houshes arrived in Elkton, Virginia, in 1936, most of the families had moved away or had relocated to one of the resettlement tracts provided for them in Flint Hill, Ida Valley, Little Washington or Wolftown. Describes the experiences of the mountain people as they adapted to their new lives and the administrative problems that occasionally arose in the resettlement tracts. Dennis Carter, a naturalist at Shenandoah National Park, contributes to the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with E.L. Huffman, who grew up near Big Foltz Run, outside of Shenandoah, Virginia, prior to the establishment of Shenandoah National Park. Describes his impressions of the mountain people who lived nearby, their habits, customs and beliefs. Discusses the various economic opportunities available to the mountain people, such as the tan bark industry, ginseng harvest and moonshine. Of particular interest to Mr. Huffman is the Chestnut Blight that destroyed nearly all of the American Chestnut trees in the 1920s and his efforts to rebuild the chestnut population.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Deaconess Mary Hutton, who ran the Pine Grove Episcopal mission in the Blue Ridge Mountains in the 1930s. Describes her work with the local mountain families, whom she describes as a noble people, before and after the establishment of Shenandoah National Park.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with sisters Mamie Johnson and Betsey Harrell, who were born near Piney Branch in Rappahannock County, Virginia. Discusses the work of their father, Henry L. Johnson, who was a cabinetmaker who often made coffins for the local communities. Describes daily life in the mountains, including activities such as weaving and dying cloth, drying fruit, harvesting chestnuts and square dances. The interview is conducted by their nephew, James Bob Johnson, a ranger at Shenandoah National Park.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Louis Graves, who grew up in Madison County, Virginia, not far from the site where President Herbert Hoover would construct a rustic retreat known as Rapidan Camp, and later as Camp Hoover. Hoover paid for the project out of his own funds and the camp was constructed by a detachment of U.S. Marines as a military exercise by March, 1929. Louis Graves recalls speeches given by President Hoover and other dignitaries in Madison, Va., as part of a day-long Hoover Day celebration on August 9, 1929. Graves relates that more than 10,000 people attended the event, including Virginia governor Harry F. Byrd, who arrived at the celebration aboard an Army reconnaissance blimp. Includes a discussion of the economic situation in Madison County in 1929, during a time of prolonged drought and at the onset of the Great Depression. \u003cstrong\u003eThere is no audio recording for this interview; interview consists of transcript only.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Clark Jones and his wife, Flora Coonie Jones, (née Keyser), who lived in Flint Hill, Virginia, just beyond the boundaries of Shenandoah National Park. They describe home and family life in the mountains, holidays, food production and preservation, and the various cash crops and other sources of income available to the mountain people.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Eli Dudley Jones, who lived near Rileyville, in Page County, Virginia in the 1920s and 1930s. Describes home and family life in the mountains, holidays, food production and preservation, and the various cash crops and other sources of income available to the mountain people.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Erma Jones and her sister-in-law, Lucy Taylor, who lived in Kite Hollow, in Page County, Virginia in the 1920s and 1930s. Describes home and family life in the mountains, holidays, food production and preservation, and the various cash crops and other sources of income available to the mountain people.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Austin C. Judd, whose father, W. Lee Judd, owned a general store near Luray, Virginia, from the turn of the 20th century until the advent of Shenandoah National Park in the mid 1930s. Discusses the retail business at that time and his impressions of the mountain people who would patronize the family store. Most of the store's interaction with the mountain people was based on a barter system, where chestnuts, ginseng and farm produce were exchanged for store credit. Also describes his time with the Civilian Conservation Corps, (CCC), during the 1930s. Includes references to local entrepreneur, George Freeman Pollock, owner of nearby Skyland resort, and George Corbin, who built Corbin Cabin, near what is now the Appalachian Trail. Mr. Judd's wife, who is identified only as Mrs. Judd in the transcript, but who is believed to be Gladys Judd, contributes throughout the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Gladys Judd, (née Beahm), who lived near Thornton's Gap, in Page County, Virginia, prior to the advent of Shenandoah National Park. Describes home and family life in the mountains. Discusses the life of her grandfather, B.F. Beahm, a Confederate veteran, who ran a general store and post office in the area for more than thirty years. Mr. Beahm was also responsible for collecting the tolls on the private road that ran through the mountains. A second, unnamed interviewer contributes throughout the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords the reminiscences of Loula Judd, who lived near the Big Meadows area of Shenandoah National Park until the mid 1930s. Describes daily life in the mountains, including local agriculture, livestock and food preservation, as well as important cash crops. Recalls the traditional remedies used for common ailments and injuries, as well as a brief discussion on the Influenza Epidemic of 1918. Includes comments on local entrepreneur, George Pollock, owner of Skyland resort and the construction of Camp Hoover, the presidential retreat created by Herbert Hoover.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContinues an earlier interview, (SdArch no. SNP-74), with Loula Judd, who lived near the Big Meadows area of Shenandoah National Park until the mid 1930s. Describes the wildlife found in the mountains, including venomous snakes, wolves and other predators. Discusses the slave trade in the region before the Civil War and includes anecdotes about Herbert Hoover, whom the local people often encountered during his frequent stays at the nearby presidential retreat, Camp Hoover.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Virginia and Robert Kenney, who moved to Dickey Ridge in 1942, within the boundaries of Shenandoah National Park, to work in nearby apple orchards. Describes a way of life very similar to that of the mountain people who had only recently been evicted from the area, in terms of farm and livestock production, food preservation and herbal remedies. Mr. Kenney also discusses his service with the local Civilian Conservation Corps, (CCC), and their work on the park and Skyline Drive.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords the reminiscences of Josie Knight, who lived near Pine Grove in Page County, Virginia. Describes daily life in the mountains, the means of growing and preserving food and other aspects of the local economy. Also mentioned is Deaconess Mary Hutton, an Episcopal missionary who served the mountain people during the 1930s.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Howard Lam, who lived near Jollett Hollow, in Page County, Virginia. Describes daily life in the mountains, the means of growing and preserving food and other aspects of the local economy, such as the chestnut harvest and moonshine.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Zada Lam, who grew up on the Rockingham County side of Swift Run Gap. Describes daily life in the mountains, the means of growing and preserving food and other aspects of the local economy, such as the chestnut harvest and moonshine.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Nettie Lang, (née Breeden), who grew up in Dark Hollow, in Madison County, Virginia. Describes daily life in the mountains, the means of growing and preserving food and other aspects of the local economy, such as chestnut and ginseng harvesting, bark peeling and moonshine.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords part of an interview with Robert Layman, who lived in the Blue Ridge mountains near Nelson County, Virginia. Describes daily life in the mountains, traditional farming methods, local Native American groups and the business of moonshine. The comments of Mr. Layman's niece, Hazel Louise Seaman, of Montebello, Va., are interspersed throughout the interview. \u003cstrong\u003eThere is no transcript for this interview; interview consists of audio only.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Louise Long, (née Varner), whose family owned several tracts of grazing land in Rappahannock County, in the Blue Ridge Mountains, prior to the founding of Shenandoah National Park. Describes the extensive cattle industry existing in the Shenandoah Valley from colonial times until the late 1930s. Mrs. Long and her husband, Arthur Long, Jr., oversaw the annual movement of hundreds of head of cattle from surrounding Valley communities to their fertile summer pastures in the mountains.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Mae Long, (née Atkins), who grew up in Page County, Virginia. Describes daily life in the mountains, including raising livestock, the means of growing and preserving food and other aspects of the local economy, such as chestnut and ginseng harvesting and moonshine.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Owen Lucas, who went to work at Shenandoah National Park as a truck driver in 1946, and would eventually rise to the position of district supervisor for the park. Describes the kinds of work performed by park maintenance crews through the post-war years into the 1980s. Improved equipment and an extensive network of professional staff has allowed the park to consistently improve its facilities to meet the needs of the ever-increasing numbers of visitors. Much of Lucas' work in the early years centered around the maintenance and improvement of Skyline Drive.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Herman Mace, who lived along Madison Run, near the town of Grottoes, in Rockingham County, Virginia. Describes daily life in the mountains, the means of growing and preserving food and other aspects of the local economy, such as chestnut and ginseng harvesting, bark peeling and moonshine. The Mace family also derived additional income from a mineral spring located on their property. Bottled water from this spring was shipped as far away as Philadelphia and Washington, DC, until the family was removed from the land to make way for the park. A brief chemical analysis of the water follows the end of the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Howard Maiden, who grew up near Swift Run, in Rockingham County, Virginia. Mr. Maiden went to work for Shenandoah National Park in 1935, maintaining trails and roads, and was still employed by the park 42 years later, at the time of the interview. Describes home and family life before the advent of the park and his work throughout the entire park system, including his part in the building of Skyline Drive.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords a number of bluegrass and gospel tunes played during an impromptu session of mountain music at the McCoy Store, in Stanley, Virginia. Cletus McCoy's store was renown in Page County for hosting weekly pick-up concerts where local musicians would gather to play for the public and pass the hat for donations. Fifty-six tracks were recorded by Dorothy Noble Smith on a portable cassette tape recorder. Smith and others offer brief comments before some songs, but the titles of many others remain unknown. Includes a photocopy of a newspaper interview with Cletus McCoy written by Smith, however, the date and name of the newspaper are not known.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Clarice Meadows, who taught in the Verbena, Sandy Bottom and Maple Springs schools during the 1920s and 1930s. Describes the challenges of teaching in one- and two-room schoolhouses in those rural, mountain communities, as well as her impressions of her students and their families.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Cleadus Meadows, who grew up near Thoroughfare Mountain, in Madison County, Virginia. Describes daily life in the mountains, including raising livestock, the means of growing and preserving food and other aspects of the local economy, such as chestnut harvesting, tan bark and moonshine.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Hazel Meadows, (née Colvin), and her friend Alice Long Brien, who lived near Big Meadows, in Page County, Virginia, prior to the advent of Shenandoah National Park. Describes daily life in the mountains, including local agriculture, livestock and food preservation, as well as important cash crops, such as apples and chestnuts, as well as nearby moonshiners. Recalls the traditional remedies used for common ailments and injuries, and community events, including hog butchering and apple butter boilings. Includes an anecdote describing a visit by First Lady Lou Henry Hoover to Mrs. Meadows' mother, when Mrs. Hoover purchased several hand made rugs for the nearby presidential retreat, Camp Hoover.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Lena Meadows, (née Taylor), who lived near Jollet Hollow, in Page County, Virginia, prior to the advent of Shenandoah National Park. Describes daily life in the mountains, including local agriculture, livestock and food preservation, as well as important cash crops, such as apples, chestnuts, and moonshine. Recalls popular community activities, including storytelling, quilting parties and apple butter boilings.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Franklin and Margaret Miller, who lived in Rocky Branch, near the town of Luray, in Page County, Virginia. Describes daily life in the mountains, the means of growing and preserving food and other aspects of the local economy. Discusses the country store owned by Mrs. Miller's father, Homer Fox, and the mountain people who traded there.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Edward Scott and Russell Barlow. Both men served in the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) in the mid-1930s and worked together in the creation of Shenandoah National Park. Describes daily life and the kinds of work performed by the CCC men in laying out the boundaries of the park and the construction of Skyline Drive. Both men recall their interactions with the local mountain people, moonshiners and President Franklin Roosevelt's visit to dedicate the park in July, 1936. Also present, but unnamed in the transcript, is Mr. Scott's wife, Ella Mae, who contributed throughout the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Magdalene Mooney, (née Simonpietri), who lived and worked at Skyland resort from 1933 to 1935. Describes life at Skyland, the guests and the resort's flamboyant owner, George Freeman Pollock. Includes several anecdotes regarding Pollock's wife, Addie Nairn Pollock, as well as the grand opening of North district of Skyline Drive.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Raymond E. Morris, who lived in Simmons Gap, near the town of Elkton, in Rockingham County, Virginia. Describes daily life in the mountains, the means of growing and preserving food and other aspects of the local economy. Discusses popular herbal remedies, hunting and trapping techniques, bark peeling and the moonshine trade.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with William Morris, who lived in Bacon Hollow, near the town of Elkton, in Rockingham County, Virginia. Describes daily life in the mountains, the means of growing and preserving food and other aspects of the local economy. Discusses popular pastimes, herbal remedies, holidays, courtship, bark peeling and the moonshine trade. Mr. Morris' wife, Lillian, (née Shiflett), is also present for the interview and contributes throughout.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Sattie Mundy, (née Good), who spent several summers as a young girl at the Black Rock Springs Hotel, in Black Rock Gap, Virginia. The Black Rock Springs Hotel was a popular tourist destination in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, both for its scenic views and for the natural mineral springs for which it was named. Mrs. Mundy recounts her memories of the grounds and buildings and the popularity of the site in the years following the hotel's destruction by fire in 1909. Includes references to people associated with the hotel and springs, as well as many of the families and local people who lived near the hotel in its heyday. The site where the hotel stood was incorporated into Shenandoah National Park in the 1930s. Also contributing to the interview were Mrs. Mundy's daughter and son-in-law, Marie and Jay Bowman.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Edward Nicholson, who lived in the mountains of Madison County, Virginia until the establishment of Shenandoah National Park. Describes daily life in the mountains, the means of growing and preserving food and other aspects of the local economy. Discusses popular pastimes, herbal remedies, holidays, courtship, and the moonshine trade. Also discusses his memories of local entrepreneur, George Freeman Pollock, owner of Skyland resort. Mr. Nicholson's wife, Nellie, (née Dodson), is also present for the interview and contributes throughout.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with LeRoy Nicholson, who lived in Weakely Hollow, near Old Rag Mountain, in Madison County, Virginia, until 1929. Describes daily life in the mountains, the means of growing and preserving food and other aspects of the local economy. Discusses popular pastimes, herbal remedies, holidays, courtship, and the moonshine trade. Also discusses his memories of local entrepreneur, George Freeman Pollock, owner of Skyland resort, and his service with the Civilian Conservation Corps during the construction of Skyline Drive.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Nelson Nicholson and his wife, Claudia, who lived in Nicholson Hollow, within the future boundaries of Shenandoah National Park. Describes daily life in the mountains, touching on the work of growing and preserving food, herbal remedies, hunting and fishing. Discusses the limited economic opportunities available to the mountain people, such as the apple and chestnut harvests, bark peeling and moon-shining. Includes references to local entrepreneur, George Freeman Pollock, owner of nearby Skyland resort.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Ray Nicholson, who lived in Nicholson Hollow and on Old Rag Mountain, within the future boundaries of Shenandoah National Park. Describes daily life in the mountains, touching on the work of growing and preserving food, herbal remedies, fishing. Discusses the limited economic opportunities available to the mountain people, such as the chestnut harvests, bark peeling, stone masonry and moon-shining. Includes references to local entrepreneur, George Freeman Pollock, owner of nearby Skyland resort. Includes numerous references to Mr. Nicholson's relatives, on both the Nicholson and Fincham sides of his family.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Allen Patterson, who owned extensive cattle grazing pastures on Dean Mountain in Rockingham County, Virginia. Describes his impressions of the mountain families who tended his cattle, daily life in the mountains, touching on the work of growing and preserving food, herbal remedies, courtship and holidays. Mr. Patterson's granddaughter, who is not identified in the recording, joins the discussion near the end of the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Blanche Rickard, (née Batman), who lived in Thornton Gap, within the future boundaries of Shenandoah National Park. Describes daily life in the mountains, touching on the work of growing and preserving food, herbal remedies, courtship, birthing and funeral rituals, as well as holiday celebrations. Discusses at length the reaction of family and neighbors to being forcefully evicted from their property by the state of Virginia, to make way for the national park.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Charles Ross, whose father, Dr. Charles J. Ross, was one of several local physicians who served the families living in the mountains prior to the advent of Shenandoah National Park. Charles J. Ross was born in Taylor County, WV, in 1881. He received his medical degree from the Medical School of Virginia in 1905, and later studied surgery in New York City. Mr. Ross describes the primitive conditions under which his father worked, where access to many of his patients was often limited to horse trails and foot paths. Recalls several deadly outbreaks of diphtheria, tuberculosis and typhoid fever, which were common in the area, as well as the Great Influenza Epidemic of 1918-1919, which caused the deaths of millions of Americans across the country. Mr. Ross often rode along with his father during school vacations and gives his impression of the many mountain people he encountered, including many local moonshiners.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Zenith Sampson, (née Shifflett), who lived on Lewis Mountain, in Greene County, Virginia, within the future boundaries of Shenandoah National Park. Describes daily life in the mountains, touching on the work of growing and preserving food, the apple and chestnut harvests, bark peeling, and other local economic activities. Recalls popular community events, such as apple butter boilings, quilting and bean stringing parties, church gatherings and barn dances. Mrs. Sampson also recollects the earliest days of Skyline Drive and the impact it had on various mountain communities. At the time of the interview, Chris Brasted was an editor for the Greene County Record newspaper. His interview with Zenith Sampson was the basis for his Life in the Mountains article published in the newspaper on April 1, 1993. A photocopy facsimile of the article is included with the transcript.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Edith Samuels, (née Alger), who lived in Joliet Hollow, within the future boundaries of Shenandoah National Park. Describes daily life in the mountains, touching on the work of growing and preserving food, herbal remedies, courtship, birthing and funeral rituals, as well as holiday celebrations.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Ray Schaffner, who came to Shenandoah National Park as Assistant Chief Naturalist in 1956. Discusses the history of the park since the 1950s, the challenges of running a national park and changes in the public's environmental consciousness.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Jesse Seale, who lived in the mountains near Syria, Virginia. Describes daily life in the mountains, touching on the work of growing and preserving food, herbal remedies and holidays. Also recalls his experiences with local entrepreneur George Freeman Pollock, owner of nearby Skyland resort, who was a major influence in the establishment of Shenandoah National Park. \u003cstrong\u003eThere is no audio recording for this interview; interview consists of transcript only. \u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with E.P. Shifflett and his wife, Maude, (née Morris), who lived in Bacon Hollow, within the future boundaries of Shenandoah National Park. Describes daily life in the mountains, touching on the work of growing and preserving food, herbal remedies, courtship, and funeral rituals, as well as holiday celebrations. The Shifflets also recall several individuals who were killed in Bacon Hollow, usually as a result of feuds between rival moonshiners. An addendum to the interview transcript, provided by Dorothy Smith, documents several homicides and trials of Bacon Hollow residents from the early part of the century.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Bernice Shiflett, (née Shifflett), who lived near Swift Run Gap, in Greene County, Virginia, within the future boundaries of Shenandoah National Park. Describes daily life in the mountains, touching on the work of growing and preserving food, raising livestock, holidays, funerals, chestnut harvests, bark peeling, and other local economic activities. Recalls some of the more definitive events occurring in the region, such as the devastating chestnut blight of the 1920s, the construction of Skyline Drive and a famous, local double murder. Mrs. Shifflett also describes the resettlement experiences of her family and her neighbors after the park took possession of their mountain properties.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Carl Shifflett and his wife, Gertrude, (née Shifflett), who discuss their memories of the people who lived within the future boundaries of Shenandoah National Park. Describes daily life in the mountains, touching on the work of growing and preserving food, herbal remedies, courtship, and funeral rituals, as well as holiday celebrations.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Ella Shifflett, (née Breeden), who lived near Pocosin Hollow, in Greene County, Virginia, within the future boundaries of Shenandoah National Park. Describes daily life in the mountains, touching on the work of growing and preserving food, raising livestock, holidays, funerals, chestnut harvests, bark peeling, and other local economic activities. Mrs. Shifflett also guides the interviewers on a walking tour of the area surrounding Pocosin Cabin, which is located near the Shifflett homestead, where she identifies and describes many of the structures that once existed there.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords a group interview with Irvin Peanut Shifflett, his wife, Lydia, (née Rosson), J.P. Roach, and his wife, Hazel, (née Marshall), who discuss their memories of life near Rocky Bar, in Rockingham County, Virginia. Describes daily life in the mountains, touching on the work of growing and preserving food, herbal remedies, courtship, and funeral rituals, as well as holiday celebrations and local moonshiners. Also present at the interview are Mr. Roach's mother, Lula W. Roach, and his nephew Bennie Cupp. Other unidentified voices can be heard commenting throughout. For a full interview with Lula Roach, Hazel Roach and Bennie Cupp, see SdArch no. SNP-38.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Nettie Sirbaugh, (née Schafftnaker), her son, Clarence W. Sirbaugh, his wife, Beulah C. Sirbaugh, (née Thomas), and Beulah's cousin, Vallie Cave, (née Thomas). Describes daily life in the mountains, touching on the work of growing and preserving food, raising livestock, holidays, funerals, chestnut harvests, bark peeling, and other local economic activities. Mr. Sirbaugh discusses the local tanbark industry, which was a major source of income for many mountain families. Additional interviews with Beulah Sirbaugh and Vallie Cave are available in SdArch no. SNP-2, and SNP-26.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords a group interview with Jake Sisk, who lived near Nicholson Hollow, in Rappahannock County, Virginia, at the turn of the 20th century. Describes daily life in the mountains, touching on the work of growing and preserving food, herbal remedies, fishing. Discusses the limited economic opportunities available to the mountain people, such as the chestnut harvests, bark peeling, fur trapping and moon-shining.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords a group interview with Pearl Smith, (née Nettie Pearl Williams), who lived in an area known as Morning Star, in Page County, Virginia, with her husband J. Benton Smith, until the opening of Shenandoah National Park in 1934. Describes daily life in the mountains, touching on the work of growing and preserving food, herbal remedies, courtship and holidays.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Etta Snow, (née Breeden), and her son Charles R. Snow, who lived in the mountains between Skyline Drive and McMullen, Va., in Greene County, at the eastern edge of Shenandoah National Park.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Etta Snow, (née Breeden), her son Charles R. Snow and her daughters Lucille Wheeler, Helen Hill, and Kathleen Williams as they revisit the Snow homestead in Shenandoah National Park, not far from Pocosin Cabin, on the Appalachian trail. The interviewer is unidentified. \u003cstrong\u003eThere is no transcript for this interview; interview consists of audio only.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Marguerite Sutherland, (née Daniel), who grew up in Graves Mill, in Madison County, Va. Describes daily life in the mountains, touching on the work of growing and preserving food, raising livestock, holidays, funerals, and working in her family's orchards.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords a group interview with David M. Taylor, who lived in an area known as Joliet Hollow, in Page County, Virginia, until his family was moved to a resettlement area in nearby Ida, Virginia with the opening of the park in the early 1930s. Describes daily life in the mountains, touching on the work of growing and preserving food, herbal remedies, etc., as well as how his family and neighboring mountain families adjusted to their new lives in the Ida Valley. Mr. Taylor recalls his conversations with local entrepreneur George Freeman Pollock, owner of Skyland resort and an early promoter of the plans to create Shenandoah National Park.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Lorraine Tompkins, who was born on Old Rag Mountain, in Madison County, Virginia, shortly before the advent of Shenandoah National Park. Although her family relocated to nearby Syria, Virginia, when she was two years old, Mrs. Tompkins recounts numerous stories told to her by her older siblings, parents and grandparents. Describes daily life in the mountains, touching on the work of growing and preserving food, herbal remedies, as well as tales of famous murders and local moonshiners.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords a conversation between Norm Trout and Bob Johnson, employees of the National Park Service at Shenandoah National Park. The men discuss various issues concerning access to the park, trail conditions and early settlers to the region, including Bob Johnson's ancestors. Included are Norm Trout's detailed descriptions of the scenic views at various points along Skyline Drive. \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eThere is no transcript for this interview; interview consists of audio only.\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Davis Twyman, who lived for more than eighty years in Syria, Va., in Madison County, at the eastern edge of Shenandoah National Park. The Twyman family owned a general store and grist mill in Syria, and Mr. Twyman recalls his interactions with the mountain people before and after the founding of the park. Discusses the limited economic opportunities available to the mountain people, such as the chestnut harvests, bark peeling, truck farming and moon-shining. Recalls the establishment of the presidential retreat known as Camp Hoover, in 1928, and the impact that President Hoover and his wife had on the local community.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Charles Wagner, who came to the Shenandoah Valley in 1935, after enlisting in the Civilian Conservation Corps, (CCC), and was stationed near Luray, Virginia. Describes his career in the CCC, working as a laborer, cook, truck driver and eventually being promoted to First Sergeant. Mr. Wagner describes the hierarchy of the CCC camps, the command structure and the types of work performed by the enrollees. Detailed accounts of everyday life in the camps, from the living and working conditions to the educational and recreational opportunities are given. Mr. Wagner also relates his first-hand experiences with local entrepreneur George Freeman Pollock, owner of nearby Skyland resort, who was a major influence in the establishment of Shenandoah National Park. \u003cstrong\u003eThere is no audio recording for this interview; interview consists of transcript only.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Everett Wampler, who grew up not far from the Black Rock Springs Hotel, in Black Rock Gap, Virginia. The Black Rock Springs Hotel was a popular tourist destination in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, both for its scenic views and for the natural mineral springs for which it was named. Mr. Wampler recounts his memories of the grounds and buildings and the popularity of the site in the years following the hotel's destruction by fire in 1909. Includes references to people associated with the hotel and springs, as well as many of the families and local people who lived near the hotel in its heyday. The site where the hotel stood was incorporated into Shenandoah National Park in the 1930s. \n Also contributing to the interview were Mr. Wampler's wife, Mary Wampler, (née Garber), as well as Mrs. Mark R. Flora and Lon Shackelford of Shenandoah National Park.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Rev. Wilfred Waterhouse and his wife, Beatrice, who served as missionaries at the Episcopal mission near Pocosin Hollow, in the 1930s. The Waterhouses recall their impressions of the local mountain people, their lifestyles, manners and codes of conduct.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Cletus Waters, whose father owned a general store in the vicinity of Rocky Branch until 1928. Describes his father's business and his interaction with local mountain families. Mr. Waters' wife, Hazel, who is unnamed in the transcript, contributes to the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Dr. Delmar Weaver, who served the mountain families near Madison and Stanardsville, Virginia, in the early 1930s. Describes the more common ailments and injuries associated with the mountain people, such as pneumonia, rickets and diphtheria, as well as less common diseases such as polio and Rocky Mountain spotted fever. Recalls the great lengths to which he and other local doctors went to reach and treat their patients, often for very little pay. Doctor Weaver describes some of the eight murder victims he encountered during the two and a half years he practiced in the region.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Frank Willberger, whose family ran an undertaking business in Augusta County in the early part of the 20th century. Describes the practice of undertaking in those years, and the special conditions encountered when working with local mountain families, whose homes were often located in remote and marginally accessible areas.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Effie Williams, (née Sours), who explains that the Shenandoah National Park headquarters building in Luray, Virginia, is located on the site of her childhood home. Mrs. Williams' father and grandfather ran a small farm and tannery on the site, not far from Pass Run.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Gordon and Lillie Wood, who lived in Beldor, Virginia, deep within the Blue Ridge Mountains. Describes daily life and farm chores, folk medicine, holidays and funerals.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Lola Wood, whose family lived in Harmony Hollow, in Warren County, Virginia, near Front Royal. Describes the derivation of many mountain place names and the origins of many of the founding families in the area. Discusses the importance of agriculture to the region and recalls the cattle and turkey drives that would move through the streets of Front Royal.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Luther and Myra Wood, (née Sandidge), who lived in Afton, Virginia. Describes daily life in the mountains, touching on the work of growing and preserving food, herbal remedies, courtship and holidays.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Ray Wood, who grew up on Pasture Fence Mountain in Albemarle County, Va. Describes his boyhood days living in the mountains with his grandfather, Joseph T. Harris, who tended cattle and ran his own small farm. Recalls the daily chores and the cycle of work on the farm, especially the effort that went into harvesting and preserving the crops and meat. Mr. Wood discusses his extended family and the families who lived nearby his grandfather's homestead.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Myrtle Woodward, (née Broyles), who lived in the mountains near Syria, Virginia. Describes daily life in the mountains, touching on the work of growing and preserving food, herbal remedies and holidays. Also recalls her experiences with local entrepreneur George Freeman Pollock, owner of nearby Skyland resort, who was a major influence in the establishment of Shenandoah National Park.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords a music session featuring Dennis Yager, Nelson Jenkins and Wesley Gray, who perform a number of old-time songs, many of which were popular tunes with the mountain people. Featured instruments include guitar, banjo, Dobro and fiddle. Dennis Yager also participated in an interview with his mother, Mattie Yager, who played several mountain tunes on her autoharp. See SdArch no. SNP-138. \u003cstrong\u003eThere is no transcript for this interview; interview consists of audio only. \u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Mattie Yager, whose family lived near Old Rag Mountain in Madison County, Virginia. Describes daily life in the mountains, touching on the work of growing and preserving food, herbal remedies, courtship and holidays. Mrs. Woodward plays several old-time mountain tunes on her autoharp during the interview. Her son, Dennis Yager joins in at the end of the conversation. Dennis Yager and two other musicians give an impromptu concert of mountain music in SdArch no. SNP-137.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Darrell Yarrow and John Lillard, who were residents of Etlan, Virginia in the early 1930s. Both men give their recollections of the mountain people, their lifestyles and their characters.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Shenandoah National Park Oral Histories, SdArch SNP (formerly SC# 4030), 1964-1999, consists of 135 interviews of people who were living in the Blue Ridge Mountains of Virginia prior to the creation of the Shenandoah National Park. Most of the interviewees resided on land that was claimed by eminent domain by the Commonwealth of Virginia and subsequently turned over to the U.S. Government in the 1930s. The collection is comprised of 6 Hollinger boxes and 6.6 linear feet of media cabinet drawers of audio, transcripts, and images pertaining to interviews conducted primarily by Dorothy Noble Smith as part of her research for Recollections:  The People of the Blue Ridge Remember in additon to members of the Potomac Appalachian Trail Club, park collaborators Eugene and Diane Zior Wilhelm, Darwin Lambert, and others.","Topics discussed by interviewees include mountain folklife, music, food preservation, traditional medicine, agriculture and harvesting, bark peeling, moonshining, chores and family life, and schooling with additional references to the Civilian Conservation Corp, the New Deal, promoter of Skyland Resort and author George Freeman Pollock, and residents' feelings towards the creation of the Shenandoah National Park.  Interviews conducted by Barbara Wright, Norman Taylor, Gloria Updike, and Ken Steeber were presumably added to the collection separately from the interviews conducted in the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s.","Records the reminiscences of Arlene Carr Abell who grew up in Sugar Hollow, Virginia, prior to the establishment of Shenandoah National Park in 1934. Describes her home and family life, schooling, holidays and community events. Among the topics discussed are the growing, harvesting and preserving of food, corn shucking and apple butter boiling parties, wild game hunting, home remedies and folk medicine. Includes references to holiday celebrations, mountain music, her father's occupation as a tanner and tales of local moonshiner.","Records the reminiscences of Ada \"Addie\" Anderson, (née Smith), with contributions from Vallie Cave, Beulah Sirbaugh and Nell Woodward. Due to the conversational nature of the interview, only Mrs. Anderson's and the interviewer's remarks are identified in the transcript, with comments from the other participants dispersed throughout. Describes home and family life, daily chores, schooling, holidays and community events. Among the topics discussed are the growing, harvesting and preserving of food, soap making, raising livestock and wild game hunting. Includes numerous references to and anecdotes about family members, friends and neighbors known to all four women.","Records the reminiscences of Beulah Atkins, who grew up in Beech Spring, Virginia prior to the establishment of Shenandoah National Park in 1934. Describes her home and family life, schooling, holidays and community events. Among the topics discussed are the growing, harvesting and preserving of food, soap making, collecting ginseng and wild game hunting. Includes references to the local Civilian Conservation Corps camp, wakes and funerals, and her work with her father and husband in the barrel making business.","Records the reminiscences of Elmer Atkins, who was born and raised near Beech Spring, Virginia prior to the establishment of Shenandoah National Park in 1934. Describes his home and family life, schooling, holidays and community events. Among the topics discussed are farming, raising of livestock, log homes and the local bark peeling industry. Includes references to revival meetings, wakes and funerals, herbal remedies, moonshining, the Influenza Epidemic of 1918-1919 and the chestnut tree blight that decimated the species in the early decades of the 20th century. Mr. Atkins also comments on the forced eviction of his family and neighbors to make way for the construction of the national park.","Records the reminiscences of sisters Sallie Atkins and Leila Dodson, who were raised in in a one room log cabin near Hazel Mountain, Virginia, prior to the establishment of Shenandoah National Park in 1934. They are joined by childhood friend, Beulah Atkins, who lived nearby. Describes home and family life, daily chores, schooling, holidays and community events. Among the topics discussed are the growing, harvesting and preserving of food, soap making, raising livestock and wild game hunting. Includes references to the tan bark industry, wakes and funerals, and local shoemakers and merchants","Records the reminiscences of Louise Wood Austin, who grew up in Sugar Hollow, Virginia, prior to the establishment of Shenandoah National Park in 1934. Mrs. Austin and her interviewer, John Dooms, returned to the section of Shenandoah National Park where her family home stood until 1941. Describes her home life and family history, including members of her extended family who represent a cross section of local family names. Among the topics discussed are the growing, harvesting and preserving of food, raising livestock, home remedies and folk medicine. Recalls cattle drives from Ivy, Va., to summer pastures in Jarman Gap, itinerant Syrian peddlers, midwives and square dances. Discusses several small businesses operated by her father and uncles, including a blacksmith shop, distillery and coffin making shop.","Records the reminiscences of four Virginia residents who grew up near the Black Rock Springs Hotel, in Black Rock Gap, Virginia. The Black Rock Springs Hotel was a popular tourist destination in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, both for its scenic views and for the natural mineral springs for which it was named. The participants discuss the history of the hotel, their own memories of the grounds and buildings and the hotel's destruction by fire in 1909. Includes references to people associated with the hotel and springs, as well as many of the families and local people who lived near the hotel in its heyday. The site where the hotel stood was incorporated into Shenandoah National Park in the 1930s.","Records the reminiscences of Joseph J. Baldwin, who grew up near the Big Meadows area of what would become Shenandoah National Park. Describes home and family life, daily chores, schooling, holidays and community events. Among the topics discussed are the growing, harvesting and preserving of food, dairy cows, traditional herbal medicines and fur trapping. Includes references to weddings, wakes and funerals, moonshiners, the chestnut tree blight and severe local droughts in the1930s.","Records the reminiscences of Harold Baugher who grew up in Swift Run, Virginia, in the 1930s, on a farm that became part of Shenandoah National Park. Describes home and family life, daily chores, schooling, holidays and community events. Among the topics discussed are the growing, harvesting and preserving of food, traditional herbal medicines and apple orchards. Includes references to wakes and funerals, sorghum production, bark peeling, Kris Kringling and the evictions of local families to make way for the national park.","Records an interview with Virginia Taylor, (née Haney), who grew up the Blue Ridge Mountains, near Greene County, Va. Describes daily life in the mountains, where her family operated a general store. Gives her recollections of the mountain people and describes in detail her family's experience resettling in Wolftown, Virginia, after the opening of Shenandoah National Park. Mrs. Taylor's family soon relocated to Stanardsville, where she attended high school in the late 1930s. Describes the uneasy social interactions between the local population and the sudden influx of rural mountain people into their community. There is no audio recording for this interview; interview consists of transcript only.","Records the reminiscences of Isaac W. Beahm, who was born in the Batman Hollow area of Page County, Virginia, on a farm that would eventually become part of Shenandoah National Park. Describes his early home life, the loss of both parents when he was six years old, and the difficulties of running a small farm at the beginning of the 20th century. Recalls his school days at the Rocky Branch School, farm chores, and various odd jobs he held, such as working at local saw mills and tanneries, as well as helping to construct Skyline Drive. Discusses family gatherings, such as apple butter boilings, hog butchering and the folk music and dancing that often ensued. The interview was conducted at the home of Mr. Beahm's daughter, who is not named in the interview, but whose comments are interspersed throughout. Both Mr. Beahm and his daughter mention participating in the dedication ceremonies for the park, conducted by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1936. The Beahms were one of the few families to move from the area voluntarily, prior to the opening of the park.","Records the reminiscences of Lyle E. Beahm, who was born in the Jewell Hollow area of Page County, Virginia, on a farm that would eventually become part of Shenandoah National Park. Describes his early home and family life, school days at the Shenk Hollow School, farm chores,and folk remedies. Discusses family gatherings, such as apple butter boilings, hog butchering and funerals. Briefly mentions the Civilian Conservation Corps, racial segregation and intra-family marriages. An unnamed woman, identified only as Mrs. in the transcript, and believed to be Eva Sours, contributes to the interview as well.","Records the reminiscences of George Berry, who was born in the Cool Springs area near Fishers Gap, Virginia, in a log house on land that would eventually become part of Shenandoah National Park. Describes his early home and family life, school days at the Forrest Dale School, farm chores,and folk remedies. Discusses family gatherings, folk music, bark peeling and local moonshiners. Recalls his experiences working for the New Deal relief programs, the National Youth Administration as a boy, and later for its parent program, the Works Progress Administration. Mr. Berry recalls playing folk music for tourists at scenic stops along Skyline drive. Also discussed are the evictions of families from their homes, subsequently located within park boundaries, and the long term social and economic effects on those people over the following decades.","Records an interview with Edward D. Freeland, Superintendent of Shenandoah National Park from 1942 to 1950. Mr. Freeland describes conditions at the park at the beginning of World War II. With the onset of the war, the federal government ended the Civilian Conservation Corps project, (CCC), the single largest source of labor for the National Park Service, as most CCC personnel went into the armed services. The CCC laborers were eventually replaced by men from the Civilian Public Service, (CPS), the national program through which conscientious objectors could perform their national service. Gas rationing and travel restrictions greatly reduced the number of visitors to the park during the war years. Discusses the controversy surrounding post-war racial integration of the park, the creation and expansion of Skyline Drive and the Appalachian trail, living conditions among the local mountain people prior to the establishment of the park and the activities of local moonshiners. Numerous individuals associated with Shenandoah National Park, the National Park Service and the Virginia Sky-Line Company are mentioned throughout the interview.","Records the reminiscences of John Bradley, who grew up near the Jewell Hollow area of what would become Shenandoah National Park. Describes home and family life, daily chores, schooling, holidays and community events. Among the topics discussed are the growing, harvesting and preserving of food, grist mills, traditional herbal medicines and fur trapping. Includes references to the weddings, wakes and funerals, moonshiners and licensed distillers, toll roads and Skyline Drive. Also refers briefly to local military skirmishes during the Civil War. Mr. Bradley describes communal activities such as apple butter boilings and occasions known locally as frolics where farm families would gather to help their neighbors plow fields or clear away stones. Discusses the impact of the forced eviction of local residents to make way for the national park. Also present for the interview was Mr. Bradley's wife, who is identified only as Mrs. Bradley in the transcript, but whose comments appear throughout.","Records the reminiscences of Everett Breeden, who grew up on Tanners Ridge, in Page County, Virginia prior to the establishment of Shenandoah National Park in 1934. Also contributing to the interview is Mr. Breeden's wife, whose first name is not mentioned. Mrs. Breeden gives her maiden name as Thomas, and identifies her father as William Henry Thomas, also of Page County. Based on this information, she is believed to be Junie Catherine Breeden. Together, they describe their early home and family lives, schooling, holidays and community events. Among the topics discussed are the growing, harvesting and preserving of food, soap making, folk medicine and wild game hunting. Includes references to the local Civilian Conservation Corps camp, burial rites, and midwives. Mr. Breeden worked on the construction of Camp Hoover, also known as Rapidan Camp, which was the first presidential retreat. President Herbert Hoover commissioned the construction of the facility in 1929, which he later donated to Shenandoah National Park. Mr. Breeden recounts meeting and speaking with the president on several occasions at the retreat, which Mr. Hoover referred to as his Summer White House.","Records the reminiscences of Preston Breeden, who was born in 1917 and raised on a small farm where Pocosin Cabin now stands near the Appalachian Trail route through Shenandoah National Park. Mr. Breeden was interviewed by Edward B. Garvey and Samuel Moore of the Potomac Appalachian Trail Club, (PATC), which maintains the cabin, and Charles Anibal, Assistant Park Naturalist for Shenandoah National Park (SNP). The tone of the interview is largely conversational, with all four men contributing information about the region at the time of the founding and construction of Shenandoah National Park in the 1930s. Mr. Breeden describes his youth and early home life on the farm, including the crops grown by his family and the livestock they raised. Discusses his early working years in the local saw mills and barrel stave mills, hauling wood for the tan bark industry and his two-year stint with the Civilian Conservation Corps, where he worked as a foreman during the construction of Skyline Drive. The group visits the remains of the Upper Pocosin Mission, an Episcopal church where Mr. Breeden's mother and aunt lived briefly after their home was taken by the state by eminent domain. Mr. Breeden recalls the general mood of the local community regarding their forced evictions by the state of Virginia. He speaks at length of many of the local families, prominent landowners and small businessmen. Includes comments on the area's fish and wild game in his youth, the annual apple and chestnut harvests, general stores, cemeteries, grist mills and the activities of some local moonshiners.","Records the reminiscences of Weldon Burke, who grew up near the summit of Hazel Mountain, Virginia, prior to the establishment of Shenandoah National Park in 1934. Describes home and family life, daily chores, schooling, holidays and community events. Among the topics discussed are the growing, harvesting and preserving of food, raising livestock and gathering wild chestnuts and ginseng. Includes references to the tan bark industry, wakes and funerals, local merchants, and moonshiners.","Records the reminiscences of James Burner, who was born in Page County, Virginia, not far from the future site of Shenandoah National Park. Mr. Burner served in the Civilian Conservation Corps, (CCC), during the construction of the park and later became a park ranger in the National Park Service. Describes his experiences working with local mountaineer men in the CCC camps, their history and social conditions in the 1930s. Mr. Burner refers to numerous local mountain families and prominent individuals involved in the creation of the park. Topics include mountain agriculture and wildlife, folk music and dancing, traditional medicines, clothing, schooling, feuds and moonshiners. Mr. Burner was present at the founding of the first CCC camps in Virginia and discusses them in great detail. As a naturalist and conservationist, he discusses the local flora and fauna of the region in great depth as well. Identifies numerous local plant and animal species and their habitats. Comments on early efforts to rebuild the local deer population while reducing the number of wild bears. Comments on the social and economic effects of the Chestnut Blight of the 1930s on local families.","Records an interview with Edna Elizabeth Burrill, (née Browning), regarding her uncle, James Burrill, who sold a large parcel of land to the state of Virginia in the 1930s to be used for Shenandoah National Park. Mrs. Burrill is joined by her two daughters, Mary Ellen Jennings and Gladys Peaches Burrill, both of Luray, Va. James Burrill was born in Leeds, England, around 1850 and emigrated to the United States as a young man. Burrill soon established himself in America and sent for his wife Ellen, also of Leeds, to join him. Over the next thirty years, James Burrill would achieve great success in a number of business opportunities which enabled him to act as benefactor for numerous civic and commercial ventures in Page County. Mrs. Burrill recalls her uncle's sale of land, estimated at 4,200 acres, to the state at prices ranging from $2.50 to $10.00 dollars per acre. Also mentioned is James Burrill's contribution to the establishment of the Deford Tannery, (later known as Virginia Oak Tannery), and the founding of Christ Episcopal Church of Luray.","Records the reminiscences of Walter Carter, whose family owned apple orchards on Dickey Ridge, just south of Front Royal, Virginia, in the decades preceding the establishment of Shenandoah National Park. Describes the physical layout of the the orchards and surrounding towns. Discusses the demise of the apple industry in that part of the Shenandoah Valley due to a shrinking work force, as local families were evicted by the state to make room for the park. In the years prior to the Second World War, the primary customer for the Carter's apples, the United Kingdom, placed restrictive tariffs on U.S. grown apples which made it impossible to compete with fruit from Canada and New Zealand. The second part of the interview consists of a driving tour of the orchard area, with Mr. Carter describing the former locations of buildings, roads, home sites and cemeteries. The group is joined by Mr. Carter's wife, Caroline Carter, whose own recollections and comments are included in the discussion. The Carters make numerous references to local families and landowners. Includes comments on the construction of Skyline Drive, which, while providing north-south access along the crests of the Blue Ridge Mountains, resulted in the closing of numerous east-west routes across the mountains.","Records the reminiscences of Mr. and Mrs. Elzie Cave, who were born and raised in Dark Hollow, Virginia prior to the establishment of Shenandoah National Park in 1934. Mrs. Cave's full name is not given in the course of the interview, but an accompanying typed manuscript gives her name as Lula Breeden Cave. Describes their early home and family lives, schooling, marriage, holidays and community events. Among the topics discussed are farming, raising of livestock, local wildlife and the bark peeling industry. Includes references to Civil War ancestors, wakes and funerals, herbal remedies and the weather extremes of drought and record snows in the 1920s and 30s.","Mr. Cave leads a walking and driving tour of the area around the Cave family homestead in Dark Hollow, Virginia, where he was raised prior to the establishment of Shenandoah National Park in 1934. The tour includes a stop at the Cave family cemetery, where Mr. Cave identifies the grave sites of his extended family, going back to the Civil War, and explains the genealogy of the various family members interred there. Includes references to Civil War era ancestors, moonshiners, bark peeling, copper mining, ginseng and chestnut harvesting, and other natural features of Dark Hollow.","Records the reminiscences of Evidell Cave, who was born and raised in Dark Hollow, Virginia, prior to the establishment of Shenandoah National Park in 1934. Describes her early home and family life, schooling, marriage, holidays and community events. Among the topics discussed are farming and food preservation, livestock, local wildlife, and the bark peeling industry. Includes references to local families, moonshine, herbal remedies, Camp Hoover and the effects of the chestnut tree blight on the local economy.","Records the reminiscences of Ralph Cave, who was born and raised in Dark Hollow, Virginia, prior to the establishment of Shenandoah National Park in 1934. Describes his early home and family life, schooling, marriage and community events. Mr. Cave recounts the history of the Cave family in Dark Hollow as well as marriages and other interactions between the Caves and other local families. Numerous references are made to individual members of the Breeden, Thomas, and Weakley families. Describes his own experiences working on Skyline Drive and Camp Hoover in the early 1930s, as well as his personal memories of Skyland developer, George Pollock. Among the topics discussed are farming, raising of livestock, local wildlife and the bark peeling industry. Includes references to community activities such as corn shucking and apple butter boiling, herbal remedies and the record snows in the 1920s and 30s.","Records the reminiscences of Vallie Cave, (née Thomas), and her brother, Floyd Thomas, who were born and raised near Bootens Gap, Virginia, prior to the establishment of Shenandoah National Park in 1934. Describes home and family life, daily chores, schooling, holidays and community events. Among the topics discussed are the growing, harvesting and preserving of food, soap making, raising livestock and wild game hunting. Includes references to trapping, moonshining, courtship, the chestnut tree blight, Camp Hoover and meetings with President Hoover. This collection includes two copies of the typed transcript, which note that the transcript is unfinished, with approximately another 15 minutes of taped interview remaining. Also included is a handwritten transcript containing minor notes omitted from the typed copies.","Records a brief interview with Charles Chapman, a life-long resident of Luray, Virginia, and a carillonneur of international renown. Mr. Chapman's father owned a grocery store in Luray that served many of the local mountain families from 1904 until the 1940s. Recalls his earliest memories of the mountain people and their transactions with his father. Includes references to the annual chestnut harvest and seasonal mountain wildfires. Mr. Chapman also reminisces about local entrepreneur, George Pollock, owner of nearby Skyland resort.","Records the reminiscences of Mary Early, (née Leonard), who lived in New Hope, not far from the Black Rock Springs Hotel, in Black Rock Gap, Virginia. The Black Rock Springs Hotel was a popular tourist destination in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, both for its scenic views and for the natural mineral springs for which it was named. Mrs. Early recounts her memories of the grounds and buildings and the popularity of the site in the years following the hotel's destruction by fire in 1909. Includes references to people associated with the hotel and springs, as well as many of the families and local people who lived near the hotel in its heyday. The site where the hotel stood was incorporated into Shenandoah National Park in the 1930s. Joining Mrs. Early in the interview is her son-in-law, George Coyner.","Consists of a fragmentary recording of Wallace Ross Coffey and his wife, Martha, (née Goode). The discussion focuses on Martha Coffey's upcoming birthday and the Coffey's 50th wedding anniversary coming up on September 12, 1964.","Records the reminiscences of Lucille V. Coffman, (née Blose), and her husband, who is not named in the interview, but is believed to be Benjamin P. Coffman, both of whom grew up near the southern edge of Shenandoah National Park. Describes home and family life, daily chores, schooling, holidays and community events. Among the topics discussed are the growing, harvesting and preserving of food, raising livestock, wild game hunting and fishing. Includes references to the herbal remedies, moonshiners, the Influenza Epidemic of 1918 and the chestnut tree blight of the early part of the 20th century. Refers to the origins of the Blose family in Virginia and interactions between the mountain people and locals living in the Shenandoah Valley.","Records the reminiscences of Rufus and Hazel Cline, (née Garber), who lived in New Hope, not far from the Black Rock Springs Hotel, in Black Rock Gap, Virginia. The Black Rock Springs Hotel was a popular tourist destination in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, both for its scenic views and for the natural mineral springs for which it was named. Mr. and Mrs. Cline recount their memories of the grounds and buildings and the popularity of the site in the years following the hotel's destruction by fire in 1909. Includes references to people associated with the hotel and springs, as well as many of the families and local people who lived near the hotel in its heyday. The site where the hotel stood was incorporated into Shenandoah National Park in the 1930s.","Records an interview conducted by Edward Garvey of the Potomac Appalachian Trail Club (PATC) with George Corbin, who lived in Nicholson Hollow, Virginia from 1888 to 1938. The Corbin homestead was located on part of the land turned over to the NPS by the state of Virginia in the 1930s. Corbin describes the circumstances at the time of the construction of the log cabin he built for his family in 1909. The logs for the cabin were harvested locally by Corbin, who then cut and shaped them using axes and other hand tools. Corbin recalls the day of the house raising when ten friends and neighbors joined him to assemble all of the walls and rafters within the course of a single day. The cabin was later turned over to the PATC for use as a trail shelter in 1954, and is listed on the National Registry of Historic Buildings as the George T. Corbin Cabin. Edward Garvey was part of the PATC crew that restored the cabin for public use. Corbin elaborates on local methods of raising and storing crops and vegetables, collecting tan bark, funerals and burial rituals, and gives a detailed account of his experiences distilling moonshine. Includes a discussion on the Corbin and Nicholson family cemetery, as well as the local schoolhouse and church. Mr. Corbin speaks at length of the genealogies of the Corbins and the Nicholsons, as well as many of the other local mountain families. Included are anecdotes regarding businessman and entrepreneur George Pollock, owner of Skyland resort, and several local residents.","Records an interview with George Corbin, who leads a party of researchers from the National Park Service (NPS) and the Potomac Appalachian Trail Club (PATC) on a walking tour of the Corbin homestead in Nicholson Hollow. The primary interviewer does not identify himself on the tape, but does name Edward Garvey of the PATC as a member of the group, and another participant gives his name as Paul Lee. The Corbin homestead was located on part of the land turned over to the NPS by the state of Virginia in the 1930s. Corbin identifies the sites of a number of homesteads and the names of their former occupants, including a tour of the cabin he built in 1909, which was turned over to the PATC for use as a trail shelter and is listed on the National Registry of Historic Buildings as the George T. Corbin Cabin. The tour includes a visit to the Corbin and Nicholson family cemetery and the site of the local schoolhouse. Mr. Corbin speaks at length of the genealogies of the Corbins and the Nicholsons, as well as many of the other local mountain families. Included are numerous anecdotes regarding businessman and entrepreneur George Pollock, owner of Skyland resort, and a discussion of the activities of several area moonshiners, including Mr. Corbin. The last quarter of the interview features the comments of an unidentified woman presumably a relative of Mr. Corbin.","Records an interview with Robert H. Corbin, who leads a party of researchers from the National Park Service (NPS), the Potomac Appalachian Trail Club (PATC) and several family members on a walking tour of Nicholson Hollow. The primary interviewers are Allen Tanner of the PATC and Paul Lee of the NPS. Additional questions and commentary are provided by Mr. Corbin's son, Joe, and other family members. The Corbin homestead was located on part of the land turned over to the NPS by the state of Virginia in the 1930s. The primary focus of the tour was the identification of home sites and their owners along the length of Nicholson Hollow. Discusses home and family life in the mountains, including the tan bark industry, apple, chestnut and ginseng harvesting, food cultivation and preservation, and the moonshine business. Community gatherings, such as weddings, funerals, corn husking and apple butter boiling parties are also discussed, with passing mentions of Camp Hoover and local entrepreneur George Pollock, owner of nearby Skyland resort. Mr. Corbin, who was nearly 80 years old, gives an extensive account of many of the inhabitants of Nicholson and Corbin Hollows, as well as Corbin Mountain. The second eldest of 21 children, Corbin was related by blood or marriage to most of the surrounding families. Some of the more notable relatives mentioned include Corbin's cousin George T. Corbin, builder of the landmark Corbin Cabin, Aaron Nicholson and Phinnel Fennel Corbin, who were both featured in George Pollock's book Skyland: Heart of the Shenandoah Valley. Corbin describes two local murders, including that of his father, William J. Corbin, who was killed by a family member, John Nicholson, in 1922.","Records an interview with Clarence Somers, who planted and maintained the Judd Gardens at Skyland Resort from 1922 to 1945. Judd Gardens were named for George and Marianna Judd of Washington, DC, who owned several lots and cabins at Skyland, including the land where the gardens were laid out in 1910. Mrs. Judd was allowed to remain at Skyland after the property was incorporated into Shenandoah National Park in 1936, until her death in 1958. The gardens were abandoned by order of the National Park Service in 1945. The interview consists chiefly of comparisons of plants and trees found at during a recent botanical survey of the site of the gardens, conducted by Jim Cotter of the National Park Service, with Mr. Somers' recollection of the garden plantings through 1945. Comments by a woman identified only as Mrs. Somers, (believed to be Beulah V. Somers, (née Sours)), occur throughout the interview, as do references to George F. Pollock, owner of Skyland Resort.","Records the reminiscences of Virgil Corbin, who was born and raised in Corbin Cabin, in Nicholson Hollow, Virginia prior to the establishment of Shenandoah National Park in 1934. Describes his home and family life, holidays and community events. Among the topics discussed are farming, raising of livestock, hunting, fishing and food preservation techniques. Includes references to weddings, wakes and funerals, herbal remedies, moonshining, and ginseng. Mr. Corbin also speaks of relatives from both the Corbin and Nicholson sides of his family, including his father, George T. Corbin, his grandfather and two great-uncles who served in the Confederate army. Includes a two page manuscript, written by Mr. Corbin, titled From a Primitive Life to Modern Living. Corbin Cabin was the homestead built by George Corbin in 1910 and is one of the few intact cabins remaining in Shenandoah National Park. It was turned over to the Potomac Appalachian Trail Club in the 1950s, restored and currently serves as a popular trail shelter. The building is listed on the National Registry of Historic Buildings as the George T. Corbin Cabin. See SdArch no. SNP-33 for an interview with George Corbin.","Records the reminiscences of Claud W. Cullers, a lifelong resident of Rileyville, Virginia, who raised cattle throughout the 1920s and 1930s. Mr. Cullers would move his cattle to mountain pastures each year, where they would graze into the fall. Describes his memories of the local mountain people, their modes of living and sources of income. Discusses the bark and lumber industries, chestnut, apple and berry harvests, and prominent local moonshiners. A woman with the surname Keyser, identified as Mrs. Cullers' niece, also contributes to the interview.","Records the reminiscences of Bennie Cupp, his grandmother, Lula Roach, and his aunt, Hazel Marshall Roach, who lived near Rocky Bar, Virginia, an area that became part of Shenandoah National Park. Much of the interview centers around the reminiscences of Lula Roach, who was 95 years old at the time and who recalled many details of everyday life in the Blue Ridge Mountains around the turn of the 20th century. Describes home and family life, school days, farm chores, livestock, wild game and folk remedies. Discusses family gatherings, such as holidays, apple butter boilings, hog butchering and funerals. Other topics include the various means of earning a living available to the local residents, such as bark peeling, cutting poles and ties for the railroads, the apple, chestnut and ginseng harvests and the production of moonshine.","Records the reminiscences of Randal Dean, who was born and raised on Dean Mountain, near Elkton, Virginia, an area that became part of Shenandoah National Park. Describes home and family life, school days, farm chores, livestock and his work in his father's saw mill. Discusses family gatherings, such as holidays, apple butter boilings, hog butchering and funerals. Includes references to bark peeling and local moonshiners.","Records the reminiscences of Lola Dean, who moved to the Pine Grove area, bordering Shenandoah National Park, in 1950. The interview deals chiefly with her memories and impressions of the mountain people who lived in the area at that time. Includes references to the gardens and livestock raised by the local people, their methods of food preservation, popular holiday traditions and the problems resulting from long-term intermarriage within small communities. Several references to the works of Episcopal missionary, Deaconess Mary Sandys Hutton, occur throughout the interview.","Records the reminiscences of Mamie Dearing, who grew up near Dark Hollow, Virginia, prior to the establishment of Shenandoah National Park. Describes her early home and family life, household chores, and school days. Discusses the growing, harvesting and preserving of food, hog butchering, apple butter boilings and herbal remedies. Includes references to holidays, weddings, funerals, and courting.","Records the reminiscences of Estelle Dodson, (née Nicholson), who grew up in a log house in Corbin Hollow, Virginia, prior to the establishment of Shenandoah National Park. Describes her early home and family life, household chores, and school days. Discusses the difficulties of making a living in the mountains during the Great Depression and her father's work as a basket maker. Other sources of income included harvesting chestnuts and ginseng, and selling flowers and berries at nearby Skyland Resort. Recalls numerous members of the Dodson, Nicholson and Corbin families, including her grandfather, David Nicholson and her first cousin, George Corbin, who built Corbin Cabin in 1910. Also includes anecdotes regarding George Pollock, local entrepreneur and owner of Skyland, and the importance of the resort to the local economy. Estelle Dodson's mother-in-law, who is only identified in the interview as Mrs. Dodson, contributes to the interview throughout. A note written on one of the transcripts identifies her as Mrs. Odie Dodson.","Records a fragment of an interview with Hunter Dodson, who grew up near Corbin Hollow, Virginia, and is described as a ranger at Shenandoah National Park. Describes the lifestyles of the mountain people who lived in the area prior to the establishment of the park, and some of the various means of making a living that were available to them at that time. Also includes references to George Pollock, local entrepreneur and owner of Skyland, and the importance of the resort to the local economy. In June, 2009, Dr. Diane Zior Wilhelm donated photocopies of her field notes from this interview to JMU Special Collections.","Records the reminiscences of Reverend John Dubosq, who came to the Naked Creek Mission in Jollett Hollow in 1932. Describes his early years as a minister among the mountain people and their acceptance of him into their tight-knit community. Recalls his pastoral duties delivering sermons and officiating at weddings and funerals. Describes the lifestyles of the mountain people, their means of growing and preserving food, as well as the fruit, chestnut and ginseng harvests. Also reflects on the importance of moonshine to the local economy.","Records the reminiscences of Irene Eppard, (née Breeden), who was born and raised near Thorofare Mountain, in Rockingham County, Virgina, and lived there until the local families were evicted in 1936. Describes her early home and school life, popular community gatherings such as corn shucking and apple butter boiling parties, as well as courting, wedding and funeral rituals. Includes references to the gardens and livestock raised by the mountain people, their methods of food preservation and popular holiday traditions.","Records the reminiscences of Charles Estes, who owned a sawmill and several other businesses near Piney River, in Rappahannock County, Virgina, in the 1920s and 30s. Describes the everyday lives of the mountain people who lived around Piney River, popular community gatherings such as hog and beef butchering and apple butter boiling parties, as well as courting, wedding and funeral rituals. Includes references to the gardens and livestock raised by the mountain people, their methods of food preservation and popular holiday traditions. Discusses the various means available for earning money, such as bark peeling, barrel stave making, apple picking and moonshining. Includes anecdotes regarding Virginia governor Harry Byrd and local entrepreneur George Pollock, owner of Skyland resort. A woman identified only as Mrs. Estes provides an extensive description of many common herbal remedies employed by the mountain people, as well as additional commentary throughout.","Records the reminiscences of Fisher Finks and his wife, Myrtle Hurt Finks, who lived near the Big Meadows area of Shenandoah National Park until the mid 1920s. Opens with Mr. Finks reading from family documents that establish the presence of the Finks family in Virginia dating back to 1736. Describes daily life in the mountains, including local agriculture, livestock production and food preservation, as well as the important tan bark industry. Discusses popular community events, such as weddings and funerals, corn husking, apple butter boilings and courting. Recalls the traditional remedies used for common ailments and injuries, as well as a brief discussion on deadly diphtheria outbreaks and the Influenza Epidemic of 1918. Includes discussions of race relations in the region, the prevalence of moonshine and its possible connection to numerous local murders. Also recalls local entrepreneur, George Pollock, owner of Skyland resort and the construction of Camp Hoover, the presidential retreat created by Herbert Hoover.","Records a walking tour led by Vastine Fisher, whose family lived in the Blue Ridge Mountains near McCormick Gap for generations, until the last access roads were closed to make way for Skyline Drive and Shenandoah National Park in the 1930s. Mr. Fisher's grandparents moved off the mountain to nearby property they owned, outside the boundaries of the park. The tour begins near the log cabin where Mr. Fisher's father was born and proceeds to various locations around Calf Mountain, Dean Mountain, Sugar Hollow, Cavalry's Hollow, and Buck's Elbow Mountain.","Records the reminiscences of Annie Fox, who lived in Fox Hollow, near Front Royal, Virginia, briefly after her marriage in the 1930s. Describes daily life in the mountains, including local agriculture, livestock production and food preservation, courting rituals and folk music.","Records an interview with Butler Franklin, (née Butler-Brayne Thornton Robinson), a direct descendant of Francis Thornton, III, who built a plantation near Sperryville, Virginia, in the 1740s. Mrs. Franklin contends that several prominent geographic features now located in Shenandoah National Park, including Thornton Gap, the Thornton River and Mary's Rock, were named for Francis Thornton and his descendants. Includes a genealogical history of the Thornton family in Virginia, from William Thornton, III, who emigrated from England in the 1640s, through Col. John Thornton, who married Jane Washington, aunt of the future first president. Discusses several Thornton estates, including Montpelier, the plantation built on the Rappahannock River near Sperryville, and the Thornton ancestral home, Fall Hill, in Fredericksburg ,where Mrs. Franklin resided at the time of the interview.","Records the reminiscences of Joseph Fray, who was a member of the Chamber of Commerce in Madison County, Virginia, in the 1920s, and witness to the events that led to the founding of Camp Hoover, Skyline Drive and Shenandoah National Park. Describes the work of local, state and federal officials in the planning and construction of Camp Hoover, also known as Rapidan Camp, which was a rustic retreat where President and Mrs. Hoover could escape the heat and congestion of Washington, DC. Fray reflects on the impact Camp Hoover had on Madison County, both as a works project and through the numerous benefits, such as roads, schools, and even air mail delivery, that came in the wake of its construction. Discusses the impetus Camp Hoover had on the founding of Skyline Drive and ultimately, Shenandoah National Park. Includes references to the lives of the mountain people and their sources of income, such as tan bark peeling and basket weaving, and local entrepreneur, George Pollock, owner of Skyland resort. A woman identified in the transcript as Mrs. Fray also contributes to the interview.","Records the reminiscences of Homer and Virgie Frazier, (née Dwyer), who were born and raised near Sperryville, Virginia. Describes daily life in the mountains, including local agriculture, livestock production and food preservation, courting rituals and folk music. Discusses the annual cattle drives from the lowlands to the mountain pastures.","Records the reminiscences of Miley Frazier, who was born in 1900 near Patterson Ridge, in what would become the Southern Section of Shenandoah National Park. Describes daily life in the mountains, including local agriculture, livestock production and food preservation, courting rituals and folk music. Discusses the annual cattle drives from the lowlands to the mountain pastures. Discusses the importance of seasonal harvests, including chestnuts, huckleberries and tan bark, to the local economy.","Records the reminiscences of Harold Garrison, who lived near Browns Gap, in what would become the Southern Section of Shenandoah National Park. Describes daily life in the mountains, including local agriculture, livestock production and food preservation, courting rituals and folk music. Discusses the importance of seasonal harvests, including chestnuts, ginseng and tan bark, to the local economy. Includes comments on moonshining, local murders and a 1954 plane crash on nearby Calf Mountain. The second half of the interview takes place in a Park Service vehicle as the two interviewers drive Mr. Garrison through the Browns Gap and Browns Cove areas of the park as he identifies local landmarks and home sites. The primary interviewer identifies herself as Janice Erkel, however there is no written documentation on the exact spelling of her name. The other interviewer is identified only as Tim, and as the driver of the vehicle, is presumably affiliated with Shenandoah National Park.","Records an interview with Louis Grannis, who operated a sawmill on Mt. Marshall, near Browntown, Virginia in the early 1920s. The mill produced railroad ties of various sizes, as well as telephone poles, until the commonwealth banned such activities in the proposed park area in 1924. Grannis discusses the economics and logistics of operating a mill in such an isolated location. A woman identified in the transcript as Mrs. Grannis also contributes to the interview.","Records an interview with Cecil Graves, who taught in the Page County school system in the mid-1930s prior to becoming School Superintendent in 1944. Describes his impressions of the mountain people who had been relocated to Page County to make way for Shenandoah National Park. Discusses the difficulties many encountered in adjusting to their new lives in the Valley.","Records an interview with Matt Graves Sr., leads a small group on a driving tour of a section of Shenandoah National Park near Syria, Virginia. Mr. Graves lived in the region prior to the opening of the park and was able to identify the sites and former owners of numerous homesteads, mills and cemeteries in the vicinity of Milam Gap. Also participating in the interview are Phil Hastings and John Dooms, naturalists affiliated with Shenandoah National Park.","Records an interview with Frances Grove and her brother, J. Maurice Grove, whose father owned large tracts of land in the Rocky Branch area of what later became Shenandoah National Park. The Grove family raised beef cattle at the time and Mr. Grove would drive hundreds of head of cattle to mountain pastures each summer, and then on to the rail yards in New Market in the fall. Describes cattle raising, food production, and preservation. Includes references to local entrepreneur, George Freeman Pollock, owner of nearby Skyland resort.","Records an interview with Paul Harris, who grew up in the Brown's Gap area of what would become Shenandoah National Park. The Harris family owned a small farm and would supplement their income by tending herds of dairy cows brought up to the mountain pastures each summer. As partial payment, the family would keep the milk produced by the cows, selling it, homemade butter, eggs and other produce to the nearby Black Rock Springs Hotel. Discusses social life in the mountains, the raising of livestock and produce, as well as the moonshine business. Includes a photocopy of a leaf of sheet music and lyrics titled, The Blue Ridge Mountaineer, which was written by Mr. Harris' father, E. A. Harris, in the 1930s. Mr. Harris' brother, Roy Harris, is the subject of an additional interview in this series, SdArch no. SNP-60.","Records an interview with Roy Harris, who grew up in the Brown's Gap area of what would become Shenandoah National Park. The Harris family owned a small farm and would supplement their income by tending herds of dairy cows brought up to the mountain pastures each summer. As partial payment, the family would keep the milk produced by the cows, selling it, homemade butter, eggs and other produce to the nearby Black Rock Springs Hotel. Discusses social life in the mountains, the raising of livestock and produce, as well as the moonshine business. Mr. Harris' brother, Paul Harris, is the subject of an additional interview in this series, SdArch no. SNP-59. A woman identified only as Mrs. Harris in the transcript adds several comments throughout the interview.","Records an interview with James Hickerson, who grew up in Hickerson Hollow, near Front Royal, Virginia, prior to the establishment of Shenandoah National Park. Discusses home and school life, livestock and vegetable production, herbal remedies and moonshining.","Records an interview with M.M. Hitt, Jr., whose father owned a general store in Luray, Virginia, at the turn of the 20th century. Mr. Hitt ran his own confectionery store in Luray, from 1911 to about 1930. Discusses the retail business at that time and his impressions of the mountain people who would patronize his store. Includes references to local entrepreneur, George Freeman Pollock, owner of nearby Skyland resort, and local Episcopal missionary, Mary Deaconess Hutton.","Records an interview with Rosie Hoffner, (née Hurt), who grew up in Madison County, Virginia, near the site of Herbert Hoover's country retreat, Camp Hoover. Discusses home and school life, livestock and vegetable production, herbal remedies and moonshining. Includes reminiscences of frequent visits with President and Mrs. Hoover at the retreat, as well as encounters with local entrepreneur, George Freeman Pollock, owner of nearby Skyland resort.","Records an interview with Dorothy Housh, whose late husband, Chester C. Housh, was a community manager in the Farm Security Administration that oversaw the forced relocation of hundreds of mountain families from the Blue Ridge Mountains in the 1930s. By the time the Houshes arrived in Elkton, Virginia, in 1936, most of the families had moved away or had relocated to one of the resettlement tracts provided for them in Flint Hill, Ida Valley, Little Washington or Wolftown. Describes the experiences of the mountain people as they adapted to their new lives and the administrative problems that occasionally arose in the resettlement tracts. Dennis Carter, a naturalist at Shenandoah National Park, contributes to the interview.","Records an interview with E.L. Huffman, who grew up near Big Foltz Run, outside of Shenandoah, Virginia, prior to the establishment of Shenandoah National Park. Describes his impressions of the mountain people who lived nearby, their habits, customs and beliefs. Discusses the various economic opportunities available to the mountain people, such as the tan bark industry, ginseng harvest and moonshine. Of particular interest to Mr. Huffman is the Chestnut Blight that destroyed nearly all of the American Chestnut trees in the 1920s and his efforts to rebuild the chestnut population.","Records an interview with Deaconess Mary Hutton, who ran the Pine Grove Episcopal mission in the Blue Ridge Mountains in the 1930s. Describes her work with the local mountain families, whom she describes as a noble people, before and after the establishment of Shenandoah National Park.","Records an interview with sisters Mamie Johnson and Betsey Harrell, who were born near Piney Branch in Rappahannock County, Virginia. Discusses the work of their father, Henry L. Johnson, who was a cabinetmaker who often made coffins for the local communities. Describes daily life in the mountains, including activities such as weaving and dying cloth, drying fruit, harvesting chestnuts and square dances. The interview is conducted by their nephew, James Bob Johnson, a ranger at Shenandoah National Park.","Records an interview with Louis Graves, who grew up in Madison County, Virginia, not far from the site where President Herbert Hoover would construct a rustic retreat known as Rapidan Camp, and later as Camp Hoover. Hoover paid for the project out of his own funds and the camp was constructed by a detachment of U.S. Marines as a military exercise by March, 1929. Louis Graves recalls speeches given by President Hoover and other dignitaries in Madison, Va., as part of a day-long Hoover Day celebration on August 9, 1929. Graves relates that more than 10,000 people attended the event, including Virginia governor Harry F. Byrd, who arrived at the celebration aboard an Army reconnaissance blimp. Includes a discussion of the economic situation in Madison County in 1929, during a time of prolonged drought and at the onset of the Great Depression. There is no audio recording for this interview; interview consists of transcript only.","Records an interview with Clark Jones and his wife, Flora Coonie Jones, (née Keyser), who lived in Flint Hill, Virginia, just beyond the boundaries of Shenandoah National Park. They describe home and family life in the mountains, holidays, food production and preservation, and the various cash crops and other sources of income available to the mountain people.","Records an interview with Eli Dudley Jones, who lived near Rileyville, in Page County, Virginia in the 1920s and 1930s. Describes home and family life in the mountains, holidays, food production and preservation, and the various cash crops and other sources of income available to the mountain people.","Records an interview with Erma Jones and her sister-in-law, Lucy Taylor, who lived in Kite Hollow, in Page County, Virginia in the 1920s and 1930s. Describes home and family life in the mountains, holidays, food production and preservation, and the various cash crops and other sources of income available to the mountain people.","Records an interview with Austin C. Judd, whose father, W. Lee Judd, owned a general store near Luray, Virginia, from the turn of the 20th century until the advent of Shenandoah National Park in the mid 1930s. Discusses the retail business at that time and his impressions of the mountain people who would patronize the family store. Most of the store's interaction with the mountain people was based on a barter system, where chestnuts, ginseng and farm produce were exchanged for store credit. Also describes his time with the Civilian Conservation Corps, (CCC), during the 1930s. Includes references to local entrepreneur, George Freeman Pollock, owner of nearby Skyland resort, and George Corbin, who built Corbin Cabin, near what is now the Appalachian Trail. Mr. Judd's wife, who is identified only as Mrs. Judd in the transcript, but who is believed to be Gladys Judd, contributes throughout the interview.","Records an interview with Gladys Judd, (née Beahm), who lived near Thornton's Gap, in Page County, Virginia, prior to the advent of Shenandoah National Park. Describes home and family life in the mountains. Discusses the life of her grandfather, B.F. Beahm, a Confederate veteran, who ran a general store and post office in the area for more than thirty years. Mr. Beahm was also responsible for collecting the tolls on the private road that ran through the mountains. A second, unnamed interviewer contributes throughout the interview.","Records the reminiscences of Loula Judd, who lived near the Big Meadows area of Shenandoah National Park until the mid 1930s. Describes daily life in the mountains, including local agriculture, livestock and food preservation, as well as important cash crops. Recalls the traditional remedies used for common ailments and injuries, as well as a brief discussion on the Influenza Epidemic of 1918. Includes comments on local entrepreneur, George Pollock, owner of Skyland resort and the construction of Camp Hoover, the presidential retreat created by Herbert Hoover.","Continues an earlier interview, (SdArch no. SNP-74), with Loula Judd, who lived near the Big Meadows area of Shenandoah National Park until the mid 1930s. Describes the wildlife found in the mountains, including venomous snakes, wolves and other predators. Discusses the slave trade in the region before the Civil War and includes anecdotes about Herbert Hoover, whom the local people often encountered during his frequent stays at the nearby presidential retreat, Camp Hoover.","Records an interview with Virginia and Robert Kenney, who moved to Dickey Ridge in 1942, within the boundaries of Shenandoah National Park, to work in nearby apple orchards. Describes a way of life very similar to that of the mountain people who had only recently been evicted from the area, in terms of farm and livestock production, food preservation and herbal remedies. Mr. Kenney also discusses his service with the local Civilian Conservation Corps, (CCC), and their work on the park and Skyline Drive.","Records the reminiscences of Josie Knight, who lived near Pine Grove in Page County, Virginia. Describes daily life in the mountains, the means of growing and preserving food and other aspects of the local economy. Also mentioned is Deaconess Mary Hutton, an Episcopal missionary who served the mountain people during the 1930s.","Records an interview with Howard Lam, who lived near Jollett Hollow, in Page County, Virginia. Describes daily life in the mountains, the means of growing and preserving food and other aspects of the local economy, such as the chestnut harvest and moonshine.","Records an interview with Zada Lam, who grew up on the Rockingham County side of Swift Run Gap. Describes daily life in the mountains, the means of growing and preserving food and other aspects of the local economy, such as the chestnut harvest and moonshine.","Records an interview with Nettie Lang, (née Breeden), who grew up in Dark Hollow, in Madison County, Virginia. Describes daily life in the mountains, the means of growing and preserving food and other aspects of the local economy, such as chestnut and ginseng harvesting, bark peeling and moonshine.","Records part of an interview with Robert Layman, who lived in the Blue Ridge mountains near Nelson County, Virginia. Describes daily life in the mountains, traditional farming methods, local Native American groups and the business of moonshine. The comments of Mr. Layman's niece, Hazel Louise Seaman, of Montebello, Va., are interspersed throughout the interview. There is no transcript for this interview; interview consists of audio only.","Records an interview with Louise Long, (née Varner), whose family owned several tracts of grazing land in Rappahannock County, in the Blue Ridge Mountains, prior to the founding of Shenandoah National Park. Describes the extensive cattle industry existing in the Shenandoah Valley from colonial times until the late 1930s. Mrs. Long and her husband, Arthur Long, Jr., oversaw the annual movement of hundreds of head of cattle from surrounding Valley communities to their fertile summer pastures in the mountains.","Records an interview with Mae Long, (née Atkins), who grew up in Page County, Virginia. Describes daily life in the mountains, including raising livestock, the means of growing and preserving food and other aspects of the local economy, such as chestnut and ginseng harvesting and moonshine.","Records an interview with Owen Lucas, who went to work at Shenandoah National Park as a truck driver in 1946, and would eventually rise to the position of district supervisor for the park. Describes the kinds of work performed by park maintenance crews through the post-war years into the 1980s. Improved equipment and an extensive network of professional staff has allowed the park to consistently improve its facilities to meet the needs of the ever-increasing numbers of visitors. Much of Lucas' work in the early years centered around the maintenance and improvement of Skyline Drive.","Records an interview with Herman Mace, who lived along Madison Run, near the town of Grottoes, in Rockingham County, Virginia. Describes daily life in the mountains, the means of growing and preserving food and other aspects of the local economy, such as chestnut and ginseng harvesting, bark peeling and moonshine. The Mace family also derived additional income from a mineral spring located on their property. Bottled water from this spring was shipped as far away as Philadelphia and Washington, DC, until the family was removed from the land to make way for the park. A brief chemical analysis of the water follows the end of the interview.","Records an interview with Howard Maiden, who grew up near Swift Run, in Rockingham County, Virginia. Mr. Maiden went to work for Shenandoah National Park in 1935, maintaining trails and roads, and was still employed by the park 42 years later, at the time of the interview. Describes home and family life before the advent of the park and his work throughout the entire park system, including his part in the building of Skyline Drive.","Records a number of bluegrass and gospel tunes played during an impromptu session of mountain music at the McCoy Store, in Stanley, Virginia. Cletus McCoy's store was renown in Page County for hosting weekly pick-up concerts where local musicians would gather to play for the public and pass the hat for donations. Fifty-six tracks were recorded by Dorothy Noble Smith on a portable cassette tape recorder. Smith and others offer brief comments before some songs, but the titles of many others remain unknown. Includes a photocopy of a newspaper interview with Cletus McCoy written by Smith, however, the date and name of the newspaper are not known.","Records an interview with Clarice Meadows, who taught in the Verbena, Sandy Bottom and Maple Springs schools during the 1920s and 1930s. Describes the challenges of teaching in one- and two-room schoolhouses in those rural, mountain communities, as well as her impressions of her students and their families.","Records an interview with Cleadus Meadows, who grew up near Thoroughfare Mountain, in Madison County, Virginia. Describes daily life in the mountains, including raising livestock, the means of growing and preserving food and other aspects of the local economy, such as chestnut harvesting, tan bark and moonshine.","Records an interview with Hazel Meadows, (née Colvin), and her friend Alice Long Brien, who lived near Big Meadows, in Page County, Virginia, prior to the advent of Shenandoah National Park. Describes daily life in the mountains, including local agriculture, livestock and food preservation, as well as important cash crops, such as apples and chestnuts, as well as nearby moonshiners. Recalls the traditional remedies used for common ailments and injuries, and community events, including hog butchering and apple butter boilings. Includes an anecdote describing a visit by First Lady Lou Henry Hoover to Mrs. Meadows' mother, when Mrs. Hoover purchased several hand made rugs for the nearby presidential retreat, Camp Hoover.","Records an interview with Lena Meadows, (née Taylor), who lived near Jollet Hollow, in Page County, Virginia, prior to the advent of Shenandoah National Park. Describes daily life in the mountains, including local agriculture, livestock and food preservation, as well as important cash crops, such as apples, chestnuts, and moonshine. Recalls popular community activities, including storytelling, quilting parties and apple butter boilings.","Records an interview with Franklin and Margaret Miller, who lived in Rocky Branch, near the town of Luray, in Page County, Virginia. Describes daily life in the mountains, the means of growing and preserving food and other aspects of the local economy. Discusses the country store owned by Mrs. Miller's father, Homer Fox, and the mountain people who traded there.","Records an interview with Edward Scott and Russell Barlow. Both men served in the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) in the mid-1930s and worked together in the creation of Shenandoah National Park. Describes daily life and the kinds of work performed by the CCC men in laying out the boundaries of the park and the construction of Skyline Drive. Both men recall their interactions with the local mountain people, moonshiners and President Franklin Roosevelt's visit to dedicate the park in July, 1936. Also present, but unnamed in the transcript, is Mr. Scott's wife, Ella Mae, who contributed throughout the interview.","Records an interview with Magdalene Mooney, (née Simonpietri), who lived and worked at Skyland resort from 1933 to 1935. Describes life at Skyland, the guests and the resort's flamboyant owner, George Freeman Pollock. Includes several anecdotes regarding Pollock's wife, Addie Nairn Pollock, as well as the grand opening of North district of Skyline Drive.","Records an interview with Raymond E. Morris, who lived in Simmons Gap, near the town of Elkton, in Rockingham County, Virginia. Describes daily life in the mountains, the means of growing and preserving food and other aspects of the local economy. Discusses popular herbal remedies, hunting and trapping techniques, bark peeling and the moonshine trade.","Records an interview with William Morris, who lived in Bacon Hollow, near the town of Elkton, in Rockingham County, Virginia. Describes daily life in the mountains, the means of growing and preserving food and other aspects of the local economy. Discusses popular pastimes, herbal remedies, holidays, courtship, bark peeling and the moonshine trade. Mr. Morris' wife, Lillian, (née Shiflett), is also present for the interview and contributes throughout.","Records an interview with Sattie Mundy, (née Good), who spent several summers as a young girl at the Black Rock Springs Hotel, in Black Rock Gap, Virginia. The Black Rock Springs Hotel was a popular tourist destination in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, both for its scenic views and for the natural mineral springs for which it was named. Mrs. Mundy recounts her memories of the grounds and buildings and the popularity of the site in the years following the hotel's destruction by fire in 1909. Includes references to people associated with the hotel and springs, as well as many of the families and local people who lived near the hotel in its heyday. The site where the hotel stood was incorporated into Shenandoah National Park in the 1930s. Also contributing to the interview were Mrs. Mundy's daughter and son-in-law, Marie and Jay Bowman.","Records an interview with Edward Nicholson, who lived in the mountains of Madison County, Virginia until the establishment of Shenandoah National Park. Describes daily life in the mountains, the means of growing and preserving food and other aspects of the local economy. Discusses popular pastimes, herbal remedies, holidays, courtship, and the moonshine trade. Also discusses his memories of local entrepreneur, George Freeman Pollock, owner of Skyland resort. Mr. Nicholson's wife, Nellie, (née Dodson), is also present for the interview and contributes throughout.","Records an interview with LeRoy Nicholson, who lived in Weakely Hollow, near Old Rag Mountain, in Madison County, Virginia, until 1929. Describes daily life in the mountains, the means of growing and preserving food and other aspects of the local economy. Discusses popular pastimes, herbal remedies, holidays, courtship, and the moonshine trade. Also discusses his memories of local entrepreneur, George Freeman Pollock, owner of Skyland resort, and his service with the Civilian Conservation Corps during the construction of Skyline Drive.","Records an interview with Nelson Nicholson and his wife, Claudia, who lived in Nicholson Hollow, within the future boundaries of Shenandoah National Park. Describes daily life in the mountains, touching on the work of growing and preserving food, herbal remedies, hunting and fishing. Discusses the limited economic opportunities available to the mountain people, such as the apple and chestnut harvests, bark peeling and moon-shining. Includes references to local entrepreneur, George Freeman Pollock, owner of nearby Skyland resort.","Records an interview with Ray Nicholson, who lived in Nicholson Hollow and on Old Rag Mountain, within the future boundaries of Shenandoah National Park. Describes daily life in the mountains, touching on the work of growing and preserving food, herbal remedies, fishing. Discusses the limited economic opportunities available to the mountain people, such as the chestnut harvests, bark peeling, stone masonry and moon-shining. Includes references to local entrepreneur, George Freeman Pollock, owner of nearby Skyland resort. Includes numerous references to Mr. Nicholson's relatives, on both the Nicholson and Fincham sides of his family.","Records an interview with Allen Patterson, who owned extensive cattle grazing pastures on Dean Mountain in Rockingham County, Virginia. Describes his impressions of the mountain families who tended his cattle, daily life in the mountains, touching on the work of growing and preserving food, herbal remedies, courtship and holidays. Mr. Patterson's granddaughter, who is not identified in the recording, joins the discussion near the end of the interview.","Records an interview with Blanche Rickard, (née Batman), who lived in Thornton Gap, within the future boundaries of Shenandoah National Park. Describes daily life in the mountains, touching on the work of growing and preserving food, herbal remedies, courtship, birthing and funeral rituals, as well as holiday celebrations. Discusses at length the reaction of family and neighbors to being forcefully evicted from their property by the state of Virginia, to make way for the national park.","Records an interview with Charles Ross, whose father, Dr. Charles J. Ross, was one of several local physicians who served the families living in the mountains prior to the advent of Shenandoah National Park. Charles J. Ross was born in Taylor County, WV, in 1881. He received his medical degree from the Medical School of Virginia in 1905, and later studied surgery in New York City. Mr. Ross describes the primitive conditions under which his father worked, where access to many of his patients was often limited to horse trails and foot paths. Recalls several deadly outbreaks of diphtheria, tuberculosis and typhoid fever, which were common in the area, as well as the Great Influenza Epidemic of 1918-1919, which caused the deaths of millions of Americans across the country. Mr. Ross often rode along with his father during school vacations and gives his impression of the many mountain people he encountered, including many local moonshiners.","Records an interview with Zenith Sampson, (née Shifflett), who lived on Lewis Mountain, in Greene County, Virginia, within the future boundaries of Shenandoah National Park. Describes daily life in the mountains, touching on the work of growing and preserving food, the apple and chestnut harvests, bark peeling, and other local economic activities. Recalls popular community events, such as apple butter boilings, quilting and bean stringing parties, church gatherings and barn dances. Mrs. Sampson also recollects the earliest days of Skyline Drive and the impact it had on various mountain communities. At the time of the interview, Chris Brasted was an editor for the Greene County Record newspaper. His interview with Zenith Sampson was the basis for his Life in the Mountains article published in the newspaper on April 1, 1993. A photocopy facsimile of the article is included with the transcript.","Records an interview with Edith Samuels, (née Alger), who lived in Joliet Hollow, within the future boundaries of Shenandoah National Park. Describes daily life in the mountains, touching on the work of growing and preserving food, herbal remedies, courtship, birthing and funeral rituals, as well as holiday celebrations.","Records an interview with Ray Schaffner, who came to Shenandoah National Park as Assistant Chief Naturalist in 1956. Discusses the history of the park since the 1950s, the challenges of running a national park and changes in the public's environmental consciousness.","Records an interview with Jesse Seale, who lived in the mountains near Syria, Virginia. Describes daily life in the mountains, touching on the work of growing and preserving food, herbal remedies and holidays. Also recalls his experiences with local entrepreneur George Freeman Pollock, owner of nearby Skyland resort, who was a major influence in the establishment of Shenandoah National Park. There is no audio recording for this interview; interview consists of transcript only.","Records an interview with E.P. Shifflett and his wife, Maude, (née Morris), who lived in Bacon Hollow, within the future boundaries of Shenandoah National Park. Describes daily life in the mountains, touching on the work of growing and preserving food, herbal remedies, courtship, and funeral rituals, as well as holiday celebrations. The Shifflets also recall several individuals who were killed in Bacon Hollow, usually as a result of feuds between rival moonshiners. An addendum to the interview transcript, provided by Dorothy Smith, documents several homicides and trials of Bacon Hollow residents from the early part of the century.","Records an interview with Bernice Shiflett, (née Shifflett), who lived near Swift Run Gap, in Greene County, Virginia, within the future boundaries of Shenandoah National Park. Describes daily life in the mountains, touching on the work of growing and preserving food, raising livestock, holidays, funerals, chestnut harvests, bark peeling, and other local economic activities. Recalls some of the more definitive events occurring in the region, such as the devastating chestnut blight of the 1920s, the construction of Skyline Drive and a famous, local double murder. Mrs. Shifflett also describes the resettlement experiences of her family and her neighbors after the park took possession of their mountain properties.","Records an interview with Carl Shifflett and his wife, Gertrude, (née Shifflett), who discuss their memories of the people who lived within the future boundaries of Shenandoah National Park. Describes daily life in the mountains, touching on the work of growing and preserving food, herbal remedies, courtship, and funeral rituals, as well as holiday celebrations.","Records an interview with Ella Shifflett, (née Breeden), who lived near Pocosin Hollow, in Greene County, Virginia, within the future boundaries of Shenandoah National Park. Describes daily life in the mountains, touching on the work of growing and preserving food, raising livestock, holidays, funerals, chestnut harvests, bark peeling, and other local economic activities. Mrs. Shifflett also guides the interviewers on a walking tour of the area surrounding Pocosin Cabin, which is located near the Shifflett homestead, where she identifies and describes many of the structures that once existed there.","Records a group interview with Irvin Peanut Shifflett, his wife, Lydia, (née Rosson), J.P. Roach, and his wife, Hazel, (née Marshall), who discuss their memories of life near Rocky Bar, in Rockingham County, Virginia. Describes daily life in the mountains, touching on the work of growing and preserving food, herbal remedies, courtship, and funeral rituals, as well as holiday celebrations and local moonshiners. Also present at the interview are Mr. Roach's mother, Lula W. Roach, and his nephew Bennie Cupp. Other unidentified voices can be heard commenting throughout. For a full interview with Lula Roach, Hazel Roach and Bennie Cupp, see SdArch no. SNP-38.","Records an interview with Nettie Sirbaugh, (née Schafftnaker), her son, Clarence W. Sirbaugh, his wife, Beulah C. Sirbaugh, (née Thomas), and Beulah's cousin, Vallie Cave, (née Thomas). Describes daily life in the mountains, touching on the work of growing and preserving food, raising livestock, holidays, funerals, chestnut harvests, bark peeling, and other local economic activities. Mr. Sirbaugh discusses the local tanbark industry, which was a major source of income for many mountain families. Additional interviews with Beulah Sirbaugh and Vallie Cave are available in SdArch no. SNP-2, and SNP-26.","Records a group interview with Jake Sisk, who lived near Nicholson Hollow, in Rappahannock County, Virginia, at the turn of the 20th century. Describes daily life in the mountains, touching on the work of growing and preserving food, herbal remedies, fishing. Discusses the limited economic opportunities available to the mountain people, such as the chestnut harvests, bark peeling, fur trapping and moon-shining.","Records a group interview with Pearl Smith, (née Nettie Pearl Williams), who lived in an area known as Morning Star, in Page County, Virginia, with her husband J. Benton Smith, until the opening of Shenandoah National Park in 1934. Describes daily life in the mountains, touching on the work of growing and preserving food, herbal remedies, courtship and holidays.","Records an interview with Etta Snow, (née Breeden), and her son Charles R. Snow, who lived in the mountains between Skyline Drive and McMullen, Va., in Greene County, at the eastern edge of Shenandoah National Park.","Records an interview with Etta Snow, (née Breeden), her son Charles R. Snow and her daughters Lucille Wheeler, Helen Hill, and Kathleen Williams as they revisit the Snow homestead in Shenandoah National Park, not far from Pocosin Cabin, on the Appalachian trail. The interviewer is unidentified. There is no transcript for this interview; interview consists of audio only.","Records an interview with Marguerite Sutherland, (née Daniel), who grew up in Graves Mill, in Madison County, Va. Describes daily life in the mountains, touching on the work of growing and preserving food, raising livestock, holidays, funerals, and working in her family's orchards.","Records a group interview with David M. Taylor, who lived in an area known as Joliet Hollow, in Page County, Virginia, until his family was moved to a resettlement area in nearby Ida, Virginia with the opening of the park in the early 1930s. Describes daily life in the mountains, touching on the work of growing and preserving food, herbal remedies, etc., as well as how his family and neighboring mountain families adjusted to their new lives in the Ida Valley. Mr. Taylor recalls his conversations with local entrepreneur George Freeman Pollock, owner of Skyland resort and an early promoter of the plans to create Shenandoah National Park.","Records an interview with Lorraine Tompkins, who was born on Old Rag Mountain, in Madison County, Virginia, shortly before the advent of Shenandoah National Park. Although her family relocated to nearby Syria, Virginia, when she was two years old, Mrs. Tompkins recounts numerous stories told to her by her older siblings, parents and grandparents. Describes daily life in the mountains, touching on the work of growing and preserving food, herbal remedies, as well as tales of famous murders and local moonshiners.","Records a conversation between Norm Trout and Bob Johnson, employees of the National Park Service at Shenandoah National Park. The men discuss various issues concerning access to the park, trail conditions and early settlers to the region, including Bob Johnson's ancestors. Included are Norm Trout's detailed descriptions of the scenic views at various points along Skyline Drive. There is no transcript for this interview; interview consists of audio only.","Records an interview with Davis Twyman, who lived for more than eighty years in Syria, Va., in Madison County, at the eastern edge of Shenandoah National Park. The Twyman family owned a general store and grist mill in Syria, and Mr. Twyman recalls his interactions with the mountain people before and after the founding of the park. Discusses the limited economic opportunities available to the mountain people, such as the chestnut harvests, bark peeling, truck farming and moon-shining. Recalls the establishment of the presidential retreat known as Camp Hoover, in 1928, and the impact that President Hoover and his wife had on the local community.","Records an interview with Charles Wagner, who came to the Shenandoah Valley in 1935, after enlisting in the Civilian Conservation Corps, (CCC), and was stationed near Luray, Virginia. Describes his career in the CCC, working as a laborer, cook, truck driver and eventually being promoted to First Sergeant. Mr. Wagner describes the hierarchy of the CCC camps, the command structure and the types of work performed by the enrollees. Detailed accounts of everyday life in the camps, from the living and working conditions to the educational and recreational opportunities are given. Mr. Wagner also relates his first-hand experiences with local entrepreneur George Freeman Pollock, owner of nearby Skyland resort, who was a major influence in the establishment of Shenandoah National Park. There is no audio recording for this interview; interview consists of transcript only.","Records an interview with Everett Wampler, who grew up not far from the Black Rock Springs Hotel, in Black Rock Gap, Virginia. The Black Rock Springs Hotel was a popular tourist destination in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, both for its scenic views and for the natural mineral springs for which it was named. Mr. Wampler recounts his memories of the grounds and buildings and the popularity of the site in the years following the hotel's destruction by fire in 1909. Includes references to people associated with the hotel and springs, as well as many of the families and local people who lived near the hotel in its heyday. The site where the hotel stood was incorporated into Shenandoah National Park in the 1930s. \n Also contributing to the interview were Mr. Wampler's wife, Mary Wampler, (née Garber), as well as Mrs. Mark R. Flora and Lon Shackelford of Shenandoah National Park.","Records an interview with Rev. Wilfred Waterhouse and his wife, Beatrice, who served as missionaries at the Episcopal mission near Pocosin Hollow, in the 1930s. The Waterhouses recall their impressions of the local mountain people, their lifestyles, manners and codes of conduct.","Records an interview with Cletus Waters, whose father owned a general store in the vicinity of Rocky Branch until 1928. Describes his father's business and his interaction with local mountain families. Mr. Waters' wife, Hazel, who is unnamed in the transcript, contributes to the interview.","Records an interview with Dr. Delmar Weaver, who served the mountain families near Madison and Stanardsville, Virginia, in the early 1930s. Describes the more common ailments and injuries associated with the mountain people, such as pneumonia, rickets and diphtheria, as well as less common diseases such as polio and Rocky Mountain spotted fever. Recalls the great lengths to which he and other local doctors went to reach and treat their patients, often for very little pay. Doctor Weaver describes some of the eight murder victims he encountered during the two and a half years he practiced in the region.","Records an interview with Frank Willberger, whose family ran an undertaking business in Augusta County in the early part of the 20th century. Describes the practice of undertaking in those years, and the special conditions encountered when working with local mountain families, whose homes were often located in remote and marginally accessible areas.","Records an interview with Effie Williams, (née Sours), who explains that the Shenandoah National Park headquarters building in Luray, Virginia, is located on the site of her childhood home. Mrs. Williams' father and grandfather ran a small farm and tannery on the site, not far from Pass Run.","Records an interview with Gordon and Lillie Wood, who lived in Beldor, Virginia, deep within the Blue Ridge Mountains. Describes daily life and farm chores, folk medicine, holidays and funerals.","Records an interview with Lola Wood, whose family lived in Harmony Hollow, in Warren County, Virginia, near Front Royal. Describes the derivation of many mountain place names and the origins of many of the founding families in the area. Discusses the importance of agriculture to the region and recalls the cattle and turkey drives that would move through the streets of Front Royal.","Records an interview with Luther and Myra Wood, (née Sandidge), who lived in Afton, Virginia. Describes daily life in the mountains, touching on the work of growing and preserving food, herbal remedies, courtship and holidays.","Records an interview with Ray Wood, who grew up on Pasture Fence Mountain in Albemarle County, Va. Describes his boyhood days living in the mountains with his grandfather, Joseph T. Harris, who tended cattle and ran his own small farm. Recalls the daily chores and the cycle of work on the farm, especially the effort that went into harvesting and preserving the crops and meat. Mr. Wood discusses his extended family and the families who lived nearby his grandfather's homestead.","Records an interview with Myrtle Woodward, (née Broyles), who lived in the mountains near Syria, Virginia. Describes daily life in the mountains, touching on the work of growing and preserving food, herbal remedies and holidays. Also recalls her experiences with local entrepreneur George Freeman Pollock, owner of nearby Skyland resort, who was a major influence in the establishment of Shenandoah National Park.","Records a music session featuring Dennis Yager, Nelson Jenkins and Wesley Gray, who perform a number of old-time songs, many of which were popular tunes with the mountain people. Featured instruments include guitar, banjo, Dobro and fiddle. Dennis Yager also participated in an interview with his mother, Mattie Yager, who played several mountain tunes on her autoharp. See SdArch no. SNP-138. There is no transcript for this interview; interview consists of audio only.","Records an interview with Mattie Yager, whose family lived near Old Rag Mountain in Madison County, Virginia. Describes daily life in the mountains, touching on the work of growing and preserving food, herbal remedies, courtship and holidays. Mrs. Woodward plays several old-time mountain tunes on her autoharp during the interview. Her son, Dennis Yager joins in at the end of the conversation. Dennis Yager and two other musicians give an impromptu concert of mountain music in SdArch no. SNP-137.","Records an interview with Darrell Yarrow and John Lillard, who were residents of Etlan, Virginia in the early 1930s. Both men give their recollections of the mountain people, their lifestyles and their characters."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests for most of the interviews in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. See individual interviews for specific use restrictions. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Library has made a reasonable effort to identify all rights holders, but in this case, the current rights holders remain unknown or are not located. Thus, some of the materials provided here online are made available under an assertion of fair use (17 U.S.C. 107). Responsibility for making an independent legal assessment of an item and securing any necessary permissions ultimately rests with persons desiring to use the item.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Library has made a reasonable effort to identify all rights holders, but in this case, the current rights holders remain unknown or are not located. Thus, some of the materials provided here online are made available under an assertion of fair use (17 U.S.C. 107). Responsibility for making an independent legal assessment of an item and securing any necessary permissions ultimately rests with persons desiring to use the item.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Library has made a reasonable effort to identify all rights holders, but in this case, the current rights holders remain unknown or are not located. Thus, some of the materials provided here online are made available under an assertion of fair use (17 U.S.C. 107). Responsibility for making an independent legal assessment of an item and securing any necessary permissions ultimately rests with persons desiring to use the item.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Library has made a reasonable effort to identify all rights holders, but in this case, the current rights holders remain unknown or are not located. Thus, some of the materials provided here online are made available under an assertion of fair use (17 U.S.C. 107). Responsibility for making an independent legal assessment of an item and securing any necessary permissions ultimately rests with persons desiring to use the item.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Library has made a reasonable effort to identify all rights holders, but in this case, the current rights holders remain unknown or are not located. Thus, some of the materials provided here online are made available under an assertion of fair use (17 U.S.C. 107). Responsibility for making an independent legal assessment of an item and securing any necessary permissions ultimately rests with persons desiring to use the item.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Library has made a reasonable effort to identify all rights holders, but in this case, the current rights holders remain unknown or are not located. Thus, some of the materials provided here online are made available under an assertion of fair use (17 U.S.C. 107). Responsibility for making an independent legal assessment of an item and securing any necessary permissions ultimately rests with persons desiring to use the item.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Library has made a reasonable effort to identify all rights holders, but in this case, the current rights holders remain unknown or are not located. Thus, some of the materials provided here online are made available under an assertion of fair use (17 U.S.C. 107). Responsibility for making an independent legal assessment of an item and securing any necessary permissions ultimately rests with persons desiring to use the item.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Library has made a reasonable effort to identify all rights holders, but in this case, the current rights holders remain unknown or are not located. Thus, some of the materials provided here online are made available under an assertion of fair use (17 U.S.C. 107). Responsibility for making an independent legal assessment of an item and securing any necessary permissions ultimately rests with persons desiring to use the item.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Library has made a reasonable effort to identify all rights holders, but in this case, the current rights holders remain unknown or are not located. Thus, some of the materials provided here online are made available under an assertion of fair use (17 U.S.C. 107). Responsibility for making an independent legal assessment of an item and securing any necessary permissions ultimately rests with persons desiring to use the item.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Library has made a reasonable effort to identify all rights holders, but in this case, the current rights holders remain unknown or are not located. Thus, some of the materials provided here online are made available under an assertion of fair use (17 U.S.C. 107). Responsibility for making an independent legal assessment of an item and securing any necessary permissions ultimately rests with persons desiring to use the item.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Library has made a reasonable effort to identify all rights holders, but in this case, the current rights holders remain unknown or are not located. Thus, some of the materials provided here online are made available under an assertion of fair use (17 U.S.C. 107). Responsibility for making an independent legal assessment of an item and securing any necessary permissions ultimately rests with persons desiring to use the item.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Library has made a reasonable effort to identify all rights holders, but in this case, the current rights holders remain unknown or are not located. Thus, some of the materials provided here online are made available under an assertion of fair use (17 U.S.C. 107). Responsibility for making an independent legal assessment of an item and securing any necessary permissions ultimately rests with persons desiring to use the item.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Library has made a reasonable effort to identify all rights holders, but in this case, the current rights holders remain unknown or are not located. Thus, some of the materials provided here online are made available under an assertion of fair use (17 U.S.C. 107). Responsibility for making an independent legal assessment of an item and securing any necessary permissions ultimately rests with persons desiring to use the item.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Library has made a reasonable effort to identify all rights holders, but in this case, the current rights holders remain unknown or are not located. Thus, some of the materials provided here online are made available under an assertion of fair use (17 U.S.C. 107). Responsibility for making an independent legal assessment of an item and securing any necessary permissions ultimately rests with persons desiring to use the item.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Library has made a reasonable effort to identify all rights holders, but in this case, the current rights holders remain unknown or are not located. Thus, some of the materials provided here online are made available under an assertion of fair use (17 U.S.C. 107). Responsibility for making an independent legal assessment of an item and securing any necessary permissions ultimately rests with persons desiring to use the item.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Library has made a reasonable effort to identify all rights holders, but in this case, the current rights holders remain unknown or are not located. Thus, some of the materials provided here online are made available under an assertion of fair use (17 U.S.C. 107). Responsibility for making an independent legal assessment of an item and securing any necessary permissions ultimately rests with persons desiring to use the item.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Library has made a reasonable effort to identify all rights holders, but in this case, the current rights holders remain unknown or are not located. Thus, some of the materials provided here online are made available under an assertion of fair use (17 U.S.C. 107). Responsibility for making an independent legal assessment of an item and securing any necessary permissions ultimately rests with persons desiring to use the item.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use","Conditions Governing Use","Conditions Governing Use","Conditions Governing Use","Conditions Governing Use","Conditions Governing Use","Use Restriction","Use Restriction","Conditions Governing Use","Conditions Governing Use","Use Restriction","Conditions Governing Use","Conditions Governing Use","Conditions Governing Use","Conditions Governing Use","Conditions Governing Use","Conditions Governing Use","Conditions Governing Use","Conditions Governing Use","Conditions Governing Use","Conditions Governing Use","Conditions Governing Use","Conditions Governing Use","Conditions Governing Use","Conditions Governing Use","Conditions Governing Use","Conditions Governing Use","Conditions Governing Use","Conditions Governing Use","Conditions Governing Use","Conditions Governing Use","Conditions Governing Use","Conditions Governing Use","Conditions Governing Use","Conditions Governing Use","Conditions Governing Use","Conditions Governing Use","Conditions Governing Use","Conditions Governing Use","Conditions Governing Use","Conditions Governing Use","Conditions Governing Use","Conditions Governing Use","Conditions Governing Use","Conditions Governing Use","Conditions Governing Use","Conditions Governing Use","Conditions Governing Use","Conditions Governing Use","Conditions Governing Use","Conditions Governing Use","Conditions Governing Use","Conditions Governing Use","Conditions Governing Use","Conditions Governing Use","Conditions Governing Use","Conditions Governing Use","Conditions Governing Use","Conditions Governing Use","Conditions Governing Use","Conditions Governing Use","Conditions Governing Use","Conditions Governing Use","Conditions Governing Use","Conditions Governing Use","Conditions Governing Use","Conditions Governing Use","Conditions Governing Use","Conditions Governing Use","Conditions Governing Use","Conditions Governing Use","Conditions Governing Use","Conditions Governing Use","Conditions Governing Use","Conditions Governing Use","Conditions Governing Use","Conditions Governing Use","Conditions Governing Use","Conditions Governing Use","Conditions Governing Use","Conditions Governing Use","Conditions Governing Use","Conditions Governing Use","Conditions Governing Use","Conditions Governing Use","Conditions Governing Use","Conditions Governing Use","Conditions Governing Use","Conditions Governing Use","Conditions Governing Use","Conditions Governing Use","Conditions Governing Use","Conditions Governing Use","Conditions Governing Use","Conditions Governing Use","Conditions Governing Use","Conditions Governing Use","Conditions Governing Use","Conditions Governing Use","Conditions Governing Use","Conditions Governing Use","Conditions Governing Use","Conditions Governing Use","Conditions Governing Use","Conditions Governing Use","Conditions Governing Use","Conditions Governing Use","Conditions Governing Use","Conditions Governing Use","Conditions Governing Use","Conditions Governing Use","Conditions Governing Use","Conditions Governing Use","Conditions Governing Use","Conditions Governing Use","Conditions Governing Use","Conditions Governing Use","Conditions Governing Use","Conditions Governing Use","Conditions Governing Use","Conditions Governing Use","Conditions Governing Use","Conditions Governing Use","Conditions Governing Use","Conditions Governing Use","Conditions Governing Use","Conditions Governing Use","Conditions Governing Use","Conditions Governing Use","Conditions Governing Use","Conditions Governing Use","Conditions Governing Use","Conditions Governing Use","Conditions Governing Use","Conditions Governing Use","Conditions Governing Use","Conditions Governing Use","Conditions Governing Use","Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests for most of the interviews in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. See individual interviews for specific use restrictions. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The Library has made a reasonable effort to identify all rights holders, but in this case, the current rights holders remain unknown or are not located. Thus, some of the materials provided here online are made available under an assertion of fair use (17 U.S.C. 107). Responsibility for making an independent legal assessment of an item and securing any necessary permissions ultimately rests with persons desiring to use the item.","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The Library has made a reasonable effort to identify all rights holders, but in this case, the current rights holders remain unknown or are not located. Thus, some of the materials provided here online are made available under an assertion of fair use (17 U.S.C. 107). Responsibility for making an independent legal assessment of an item and securing any necessary permissions ultimately rests with persons desiring to use the item.","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The Library has made a reasonable effort to identify all rights holders, but in this case, the current rights holders remain unknown or are not located. Thus, some of the materials provided here online are made available under an assertion of fair use (17 U.S.C. 107). Responsibility for making an independent legal assessment of an item and securing any necessary permissions ultimately rests with persons desiring to use the item.","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The Library has made a reasonable effort to identify all rights holders, but in this case, the current rights holders remain unknown or are not located. Thus, some of the materials provided here online are made available under an assertion of fair use (17 U.S.C. 107). Responsibility for making an independent legal assessment of an item and securing any necessary permissions ultimately rests with persons desiring to use the item.","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The Library has made a reasonable effort to identify all rights holders, but in this case, the current rights holders remain unknown or are not located. Thus, some of the materials provided here online are made available under an assertion of fair use (17 U.S.C. 107). Responsibility for making an independent legal assessment of an item and securing any necessary permissions ultimately rests with persons desiring to use the item.","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The Library has made a reasonable effort to identify all rights holders, but in this case, the current rights holders remain unknown or are not located. Thus, some of the materials provided here online are made available under an assertion of fair use (17 U.S.C. 107). Responsibility for making an independent legal assessment of an item and securing any necessary permissions ultimately rests with persons desiring to use the item.","The Library has made a reasonable effort to identify all rights holders, but in this case, the current rights holders remain unknown or are not located. Thus, some of the materials provided here online are made available under an assertion of fair use (17 U.S.C. 107). Responsibility for making an independent legal assessment of an item and securing any necessary permissions ultimately rests with persons desiring to use the item.","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The Library has made a reasonable effort to identify all rights holders, but in this case, the current rights holders remain unknown or are not located. Thus, some of the materials provided here online are made available under an assertion of fair use (17 U.S.C. 107). Responsibility for making an independent legal assessment of an item and securing any necessary permissions ultimately rests with persons desiring to use the item.","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The Library has made a reasonable effort to identify all rights holders, but in this case, the current rights holders remain unknown or are not located. Thus, some of the materials provided here online are made available under an assertion of fair use (17 U.S.C. 107). Responsibility for making an independent legal assessment of an item and securing any necessary permissions ultimately rests with persons desiring to use the item.","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The Library has made a reasonable effort to identify all rights holders, but in this case, the current rights holders remain unknown or are not located. Thus, some of the materials provided here online are made available under an assertion of fair use (17 U.S.C. 107). Responsibility for making an independent legal assessment of an item and securing any necessary permissions ultimately rests with persons desiring to use the item.","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The Library has made a reasonable effort to identify all rights holders, but in this case, the current rights holders remain unknown or are not located. Thus, some of the materials provided here online are made available under an assertion of fair use (17 U.S.C. 107). Responsibility for making an independent legal assessment of an item and securing any necessary permissions ultimately rests with persons desiring to use the item.","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The Library has made a reasonable effort to identify all rights holders, but in this case, the current rights holders remain unknown or are not located. Thus, some of the materials provided here online are made available under an assertion of fair use (17 U.S.C. 107). Responsibility for making an independent legal assessment of an item and securing any necessary permissions ultimately rests with persons desiring to use the item.","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The Library has made a reasonable effort to identify all rights holders, but in this case, the current rights holders remain unknown or are not located. Thus, some of the materials provided here online are made available under an assertion of fair use (17 U.S.C. 107). Responsibility for making an independent legal assessment of an item and securing any necessary permissions ultimately rests with persons desiring to use the item.","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The Library has made a reasonable effort to identify all rights holders, but in this case, the current rights holders remain unknown or are not located. Thus, some of the materials provided here online are made available under an assertion of fair use (17 U.S.C. 107). Responsibility for making an independent legal assessment of an item and securing any necessary permissions ultimately rests with persons desiring to use the item.","The Library has made a reasonable effort to identify all rights holders, but in this case, the current rights holders remain unknown or are not located. Thus, some of the materials provided here online are made available under an assertion of fair use (17 U.S.C. 107). Responsibility for making an independent legal assessment of an item and securing any necessary permissions ultimately rests with persons desiring to use the item.","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The Library has made a reasonable effort to identify all rights holders, but in this case, the current rights holders remain unknown or are not located. Thus, some of the materials provided here online are made available under an assertion of fair use (17 U.S.C. 107). Responsibility for making an independent legal assessment of an item and securing any necessary permissions ultimately rests with persons desiring to use the item.","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The Library has made a reasonable effort to identify all rights holders, but in this case, the current rights holders remain unknown or are not located. Thus, some of the materials provided here online are made available under an assertion of fair use (17 U.S.C. 107). Responsibility for making an independent legal assessment of an item and securing any necessary permissions ultimately rests with persons desiring to use the item.","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_b3ec68a568f1023c6200518871701161\"\u003eThe Shenandoah National Park Oral Histories, SdArch SNP, 1964-1999, consists of audio, transcripts, and images pertaining to interviews conducted primarily by Dorothy Noble Smith in addition to members of the Potomac Appalachian Trail Club, park collaborators Eugene and Diane Zior Wilhelm, Darwin Lambert, and others.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The Shenandoah National Park Oral Histories, SdArch SNP, 1964-1999, consists of audio, transcripts, and images pertaining to interviews conducted primarily by Dorothy Noble Smith in addition to members of the Potomac Appalachian Trail Club, park collaborators Eugene and Diane Zior Wilhelm, Darwin Lambert, and others."],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Shenandoah National Park (Agency : U.S.)","Potomac Appalachian Trail Club"],"names_coll_ssim":["Shenandoah National Park (Agency : U.S.)","Engle, Reed L., 1944-2017"],"persname_ssim":["Engle, Reed L., 1944-2017","Abell, Arlene Carr, 1910-1990","Smith, Dorothy Noble, 1915-1999","Marston, Sharon G. (Sharon Gates), 1944-","Anderson, Ada \"Addie\", 1891-1979","Bradley, Peggy C., 1943-","Atkins, Beulah Frances Atkins, 1900-1989","Atkins, Elmer Jackson, 1906-1993","Northrup, Jim","Atkins, Sally Ethel, 1906-1990","Dodson, Leila F. Atkins, 1901-1983","Austin, Louise Wood, 1909-1993","Dooms, John D.","Baker, Victor L. (Victor Lee), 1894-1990","Baker, Eva Patterson, 1899-1990","Showalter, Alberta Virginia Craun, 1893-1984","Bowman, Lucy Marie Mundy, 1916-2015","Maynes, Barbara","Baldwin, Joseph J. (Joseph Jackson), 1920-2005","Baugher, Harold Owen, 1899-1995","Taylor, Virginia H. (Virginia Haney), 1920-2001","Dalbey, Matthew, 1965-","Beahm, Isaac William, 1895-1990","Anibal, Charles \"Chuck\", 1943-","Stiles, Joy K.","Beahm, Lyle Edward, 1908-1992","Berry, George Lee, 1916-1988","Freeland, Edward D., 1901-1986","Lambert, Darwin, 1916-2007","Gutshall, Chelsea","Bradley, John Lester, Elder, 1907-1980","Bradley, Fern Edith Woods, 1912-2000","Hammond, D. P.","Breeden, Everett L. (Everett Lee), 1904-1989","Breeden, Junie Catherine Thomas, 1907-1988","Breeden, Preston, 1917-2003","Garvey, Edward B., 1914-1999","Moore, Sam (Samuel Varick), 1920-1999","Burke, Weldon, 1904-1986","McCormick, Debbie","Burner, James G., Sr. (James Gilbert), 1912-1995","Burrill, Edna Elizabeth Browning, 1896-1988","Carter, Walter H., 1915-2003","Carter, Caroline Amalia Pfohl, 1917-2020","Steeber, Ken","Smith, Walter, 1936-2018","Updike, Gloria","Struthers, Howard","Edwards, Victoria M.","Cave, Elzie (Elza Alfred), 1907-1991","Cave, Lula Belle Breeden, 1905-1984","Moody, Amanda","Jones, Leigh","Cave, Evidell Arbitus Cave, 1901-1992","Cave, Ralph William, 1907-1996","Smith, Nancy","Cave, Vallie V. (Vallie Virginia), 1906-1990","Thomas, Floyd Elvin, 1908-1998","Allis, Octavia","Chapman, Charles Thomas, Sr., 1904-1986","Early, Mary Susan Leonard, 1883-1983","Coyner, George A., 1906-1979","Giroux, Allie","Coffey, Wallace C., 1892-1968","Coffey, Martha Goode, 1892-1983","Wilhelm, Diane Zior, 1938-2010","Wilhelm, Eugene J., Jr.","Coffman, Lucille Blose, 1903-1994","Coffman, Benjamin, 1903-1995","Cline, Rufus, 1902-1986","Cline, Hazel Garber, 1905-1986","Corbin, George T. (George Thurman), 1888-1978","Hudson, Mary","Lee, Paul","Corbin, Robert H. (Robert Hilton), 1897-1980","Tanner, Allan","Somers, Clarence O. (Clarence Otis), 1900-1986","Somers, Beulah Sours, 1902-1987","Cotter, Jim (James E.)","Shapiro, Jeanette","Corbin, Virgil F. (Virgil Fordice), 1916-1996","Cullers, Claud W. (Claud Wilmer), 1891-1980","Cupp, Bennie (Benjamin W.), circa 1938-","Roach, Lula Willie, 1883-1983","Roach, Hazel Marshall, 1930-2011","Dean, Randal (Randal Rudolph), 1918-2001","Dean, Lola E. (Lola Edith), 1910-1983","Dearing, Mamie Jenkins, 1915-1996","Dodson, Estelle V. Nicholson, 1919-1992","Dodson, Ada Corbin, 1897-1991","Dodson, Hunter C. (Hunter Cleveland), 1910-1996","DuBosq, John G., Jr. (John Genou), 1884-1978","Eppard, Irene Breeden, 1914-1993","Estes, Charles H. (Charles Henry), 1905-1986","Finks, Fisher F. (Fisher Filmore), 1907-1993","Finks, Myrtle Hurt, 1913-1996","Fisher, Vastine, 1936-2021","Wright, Barbara","Fox, Annie Virginia, 1913-2002","Franklin, Butler-Brayne, 1899-2003","Fray, Joseph B. (Joseph Benton), 1894-1987","Frazier, Homer, 1897-1981","Frazier, Virgie Dwyer, 1905-1983","McDonald, Mary Anne","Frazier, Miley J. (Miley Jackson), 1900-1981","Garrison, Harold, 1916-1989","Zirkle, Janna","Popp, Rebecca","Browne, Heather","Stevenson, Erin","Grannis,  Louis C., Sr. (Louis Clifford), 1902-1992","Graves, Cecil C. (Cecil Conard), 1892-1969","Cole, Tiffany","Graves, Matt, Sr., 1895-1987","Deane, Deedee","Dove, Vee","Hastings, Phil","Grove, J. Maurice (John Maurice), 1904-1980","Grove, Frances Rebecca, 1906-1992","Harris, Paul Everett, 1907-1984","Harris, Roy Frank, 1911-1984","Hickerson, James E., Sr. (James Edwin), 1901-1996","Hitt, M. M., Jr. (Marcellus Monroe), 1890-1987","Hoffner, Rosie Lillian Hurt, 1916-1997","Housh, Dorothy H. (Dorothy Hansen), 1893-1997","Carter, Dennis","Huffman, E. L. (Edgar Lee), 1909-1983","Hutton, Mary Sandys, 1904-1985","Johnson, Mamie Clarice, 1883-1972","Harrell, Betsey Johnson, 1893-1981","Johnson, James R. (James Robert), 1921-2007","Graves, Louis W. (Louis Walker), 1916-2006","Jones, Clark, 1909-1987","Jones, Flora Keyser, 1901-1987","Jones, Eli T. (Eli Thomas), 1912-1997","Jones, Erma Lafayette, 1908-1983","Taylor, Lucy May, 1906-1980","Judd, Austin C. (Austin Cletus), 1906-1995","Judd, Gladys Marie, 1904-1989","Judd, Gladys Beahm, 1901-1989","Judd, Loula Breeden, 1903-1993","Kenney, Virginia A. (Virginia Addison), 1911-1981","Kenney, Robert B. (Robert Bedfor), 1913-1987","Knight, Josie, 1897-1986","Lam, Howard","Heatwole, Henry","Lam, Zada Haney, 1905-1994","Lang, Nettie Breeden, 1911-2006","Layman, Robert","Seaman, Hazel Louise, 1905-1988","Long, Louise Varner, 1918-2002","Lambert, Eileen Sarah, 1922-2022","Long, Mae Atkins, 1922-2018","Lucas, Owen E. (Owen Edward), 1928-2013","Taylor, Norman","Mace, Herman Leon, 1918-1986","Maiden, Howard L., Sr. (Howard Luther), 1910-1988","McCoy, Cletus, 1926-2004","Meadows, Clarice Pace, 1901-1988","Meadows, Cleadus A. (Cleadus Alfred), 1908-1994","Meadows, Hazel Colvin, 1907-1990","Brien, Alice Long, 1916-1980","Meadows, Lena T. (Vasalena Taylor), 1902-1979","Miller, Franklin E., Sr. (Franklin Edward), 1916-2004","Miller, Margaret V. (Margaret Virginia), 1916-2005","Scott, Edward B. (Edward Bruce), 1913-1999","Barlow, Russell T. (Russell Thompson), 1913-1999","Mooney, Magdalene Simonpietri, 1913-2011","Morris, Raymond E., Sr. (Raymond Earl), 1925-1980","Morris, William R. (William Robert), 1913-1998","Morris, Lillian V. (Lillian Virginia), 1915-2011","Mundy, Sattie, 1890-1986","Nicholson, Edward S., Sr. (Edward Sherman), 1904-1979","Nicholson, Nellie Dodson, d. before 2008","Nicholson, LeRoy, 1917-1992","Nicholson, Nelson Murphy, 1914-1980","Nicholson, Claudia Frances, 1916-2010","Nicholson, Ray A. (Ray Adron), 1917-1999","Patterson, Allen","Rickard, Blanche, 1883-1986","Ross, Charles J. (Charles Justus), 1908-1980","Brenner, Alan S.","Sampson, Zenith S. (Zenith Shifflett), 1922-1994","Brasted, Chris","Samuels, Edith E. (Edith Ellen), 1919-1985","Schaffner, E. Ray (Edward Ray), 1910-1997","Seale, Jesse Early, 1924-1988","Shifflett, E. P. (Enoch Pat), 1903-1986","Shifflett, Maude F. (Maude Florence), 1905-1993","Shiflett, Bernice B. (Bernice Belle), 1916-1999","Shifflett, Carl O., Sr. (Carl Otto), 1902-1078","Shifflett, Gertrude, 1909-1999","Meisel, Mara","Shifflett, Ella Breeden, 1900-1991","Momich, Bob","Momich, Pat","Shifflett, Irvin F. (Irvin Forrest), 1909-2007","Roach, J. P. (John Paul), 1922-2007","Shifflett, Lydia B. (Lydia Bell), 1916-2020","Sirbaugh, Nettie E., 1885-1984","Sirbaugh, Clarence W. (Clarence William), 1910-1995","Sirbaugh, Beulah C. (Beulah Catherine), 1920-2010","Sisk, Jake, 1899-1986","Smith, Pearl Williams, 1901-1980","Snow, Etta, circa 1902-1983","Snow, Charles R.","Wheeler, Lucille Snow, 1926-2003","Hill, Helen Snow, 1917-1983","Williams, Kathleen Snow, 1929-2005","Sutherland, Margueritte Estelle, 1914-2004","Taylor, David M. (David Monroe), 1927-1993","Tompkins, Lorraine Tina Brown, 1932-2008","Cole, Tiffany (Staff)","Trout, Norm","Johnson, Bob","Twyman, Davis, 1892-1982","Wagner, Charles R. (Charles Ronald), 1915-1991","Wampler, Everett Lee, 1894-1975","Vaughan, Sarah","Waterhouse, Wilfred T., Rev., 1909-1985","Waterhouse, Beatrice M., 1907-1987","Waters, Cletus, 1915-1983","Waters, Hazel S. (Hazel Sarah), 1915-1984","Weaver, Delmar, Dr., 1907-1999","Willberger, Frank, 1896-1981","Williams, Effie Sours, 1907-1992","Wood, Gordon A. (Gordon Alexander), 1913-2006","Wood, Lillie M. (Lillie Mae), 1916-1998","Wood, Lola A. (Lola Audrey), 1906-1993","Wood, Luther W. (Luther Wilbur), 1902-1991","Wood, Myra, 1912-2012","Wood, Ray, 1924-1994","Woodward, Myrtle, 1907-2000","Yager, Dennis P. (Dennis Paul), 1944-","Jenkins, Nelson, 1916-1999","Gray, Wesley, 1932-","Yager, Mattie B. (Mattie Belle), 1904-1987","Yarrow, Darrell","Lillard, John P. (John Printz), 1900-1996"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Shenandoah National Park (Agency : U.S.)","Potomac Appalachian Trail Club","Engle, Reed L., 1944-2017","Abell, Arlene Carr, 1910-1990","Smith, Dorothy Noble, 1915-1999","Marston, Sharon G. (Sharon Gates), 1944-","Anderson, Ada \"Addie\", 1891-1979","Bradley, Peggy C., 1943-","Atkins, Beulah Frances Atkins, 1900-1989","Atkins, Elmer Jackson, 1906-1993","Northrup, Jim","Atkins, Sally Ethel, 1906-1990","Dodson, Leila F. Atkins, 1901-1983","Austin, Louise Wood, 1909-1993","Dooms, John D.","Baker, Victor L. (Victor Lee), 1894-1990","Baker, Eva Patterson, 1899-1990","Showalter, Alberta Virginia Craun, 1893-1984","Bowman, Lucy Marie Mundy, 1916-2015","Maynes, Barbara","Baldwin, Joseph J. (Joseph Jackson), 1920-2005","Baugher, Harold Owen, 1899-1995","Taylor, Virginia H. (Virginia Haney), 1920-2001","Dalbey, Matthew, 1965-","Beahm, Isaac William, 1895-1990","Anibal, Charles \"Chuck\", 1943-","Stiles, Joy K.","Beahm, Lyle Edward, 1908-1992","Berry, George Lee, 1916-1988","Freeland, Edward D., 1901-1986","Lambert, Darwin, 1916-2007","Gutshall, Chelsea","Bradley, John Lester, Elder, 1907-1980","Bradley, Fern Edith Woods, 1912-2000","Hammond, D. P.","Breeden, Everett L. (Everett Lee), 1904-1989","Breeden, Junie Catherine Thomas, 1907-1988","Breeden, Preston, 1917-2003","Garvey, Edward B., 1914-1999","Moore, Sam (Samuel Varick), 1920-1999","Burke, Weldon, 1904-1986","McCormick, Debbie","Burner, James G., Sr. (James Gilbert), 1912-1995","Burrill, Edna Elizabeth Browning, 1896-1988","Carter, Walter H., 1915-2003","Carter, Caroline Amalia Pfohl, 1917-2020","Steeber, Ken","Smith, Walter, 1936-2018","Updike, Gloria","Struthers, Howard","Edwards, Victoria M.","Cave, Elzie (Elza Alfred), 1907-1991","Cave, Lula Belle Breeden, 1905-1984","Moody, Amanda","Jones, Leigh","Cave, Evidell Arbitus Cave, 1901-1992","Cave, Ralph William, 1907-1996","Smith, Nancy","Cave, Vallie V. (Vallie Virginia), 1906-1990","Thomas, Floyd Elvin, 1908-1998","Allis, Octavia","Chapman, Charles Thomas, Sr., 1904-1986","Early, Mary Susan Leonard, 1883-1983","Coyner, George A., 1906-1979","Giroux, Allie","Coffey, Wallace C., 1892-1968","Coffey, Martha Goode, 1892-1983","Wilhelm, Diane Zior, 1938-2010","Wilhelm, Eugene J., Jr.","Coffman, Lucille Blose, 1903-1994","Coffman, Benjamin, 1903-1995","Cline, Rufus, 1902-1986","Cline, Hazel Garber, 1905-1986","Corbin, George T. (George Thurman), 1888-1978","Hudson, Mary","Lee, Paul","Corbin, Robert H. (Robert Hilton), 1897-1980","Tanner, Allan","Somers, Clarence O. (Clarence Otis), 1900-1986","Somers, Beulah Sours, 1902-1987","Cotter, Jim (James E.)","Shapiro, Jeanette","Corbin, Virgil F. (Virgil Fordice), 1916-1996","Cullers, Claud W. (Claud Wilmer), 1891-1980","Cupp, Bennie (Benjamin W.), circa 1938-","Roach, Lula Willie, 1883-1983","Roach, Hazel Marshall, 1930-2011","Dean, Randal (Randal Rudolph), 1918-2001","Dean, Lola E. (Lola Edith), 1910-1983","Dearing, Mamie Jenkins, 1915-1996","Dodson, Estelle V. Nicholson, 1919-1992","Dodson, Ada Corbin, 1897-1991","Dodson, Hunter C. (Hunter Cleveland), 1910-1996","DuBosq, John G., Jr. (John Genou), 1884-1978","Eppard, Irene Breeden, 1914-1993","Estes, Charles H. (Charles Henry), 1905-1986","Finks, Fisher F. (Fisher Filmore), 1907-1993","Finks, Myrtle Hurt, 1913-1996","Fisher, Vastine, 1936-2021","Wright, Barbara","Fox, Annie Virginia, 1913-2002","Franklin, Butler-Brayne, 1899-2003","Fray, Joseph B. (Joseph Benton), 1894-1987","Frazier, Homer, 1897-1981","Frazier, Virgie Dwyer, 1905-1983","McDonald, Mary Anne","Frazier, Miley J. (Miley Jackson), 1900-1981","Garrison, Harold, 1916-1989","Zirkle, Janna","Popp, Rebecca","Browne, Heather","Stevenson, Erin","Grannis,  Louis C., Sr. (Louis Clifford), 1902-1992","Graves, Cecil C. (Cecil Conard), 1892-1969","Cole, Tiffany","Graves, Matt, Sr., 1895-1987","Deane, Deedee","Dove, Vee","Hastings, Phil","Grove, J. Maurice (John Maurice), 1904-1980","Grove, Frances Rebecca, 1906-1992","Harris, Paul Everett, 1907-1984","Harris, Roy Frank, 1911-1984","Hickerson, James E., Sr. (James Edwin), 1901-1996","Hitt, M. M., Jr. (Marcellus Monroe), 1890-1987","Hoffner, Rosie Lillian Hurt, 1916-1997","Housh, Dorothy H. (Dorothy Hansen), 1893-1997","Carter, Dennis","Huffman, E. L. (Edgar Lee), 1909-1983","Hutton, Mary Sandys, 1904-1985","Johnson, Mamie Clarice, 1883-1972","Harrell, Betsey Johnson, 1893-1981","Johnson, James R. (James Robert), 1921-2007","Graves, Louis W. (Louis Walker), 1916-2006","Jones, Clark, 1909-1987","Jones, Flora Keyser, 1901-1987","Jones, Eli T. (Eli Thomas), 1912-1997","Jones, Erma Lafayette, 1908-1983","Taylor, Lucy May, 1906-1980","Judd, Austin C. (Austin Cletus), 1906-1995","Judd, Gladys Marie, 1904-1989","Judd, Gladys Beahm, 1901-1989","Judd, Loula Breeden, 1903-1993","Kenney, Virginia A. (Virginia Addison), 1911-1981","Kenney, Robert B. (Robert Bedfor), 1913-1987","Knight, Josie, 1897-1986","Lam, Howard","Heatwole, Henry","Lam, Zada Haney, 1905-1994","Lang, Nettie Breeden, 1911-2006","Layman, Robert","Seaman, Hazel Louise, 1905-1988","Long, Louise Varner, 1918-2002","Lambert, Eileen Sarah, 1922-2022","Long, Mae Atkins, 1922-2018","Lucas, Owen E. (Owen Edward), 1928-2013","Taylor, Norman","Mace, Herman Leon, 1918-1986","Maiden, Howard L., Sr. (Howard Luther), 1910-1988","McCoy, Cletus, 1926-2004","Meadows, Clarice Pace, 1901-1988","Meadows, Cleadus A. (Cleadus Alfred), 1908-1994","Meadows, Hazel Colvin, 1907-1990","Brien, Alice Long, 1916-1980","Meadows, Lena T. (Vasalena Taylor), 1902-1979","Miller, Franklin E., Sr. (Franklin Edward), 1916-2004","Miller, Margaret V. (Margaret Virginia), 1916-2005","Scott, Edward B. (Edward Bruce), 1913-1999","Barlow, Russell T. (Russell Thompson), 1913-1999","Mooney, Magdalene Simonpietri, 1913-2011","Morris, Raymond E., Sr. (Raymond Earl), 1925-1980","Morris, William R. (William Robert), 1913-1998","Morris, Lillian V. (Lillian Virginia), 1915-2011","Mundy, Sattie, 1890-1986","Nicholson, Edward S., Sr. (Edward Sherman), 1904-1979","Nicholson, Nellie Dodson, d. before 2008","Nicholson, LeRoy, 1917-1992","Nicholson, Nelson Murphy, 1914-1980","Nicholson, Claudia Frances, 1916-2010","Nicholson, Ray A. (Ray Adron), 1917-1999","Patterson, Allen","Rickard, Blanche, 1883-1986","Ross, Charles J. (Charles Justus), 1908-1980","Brenner, Alan S.","Sampson, Zenith S. (Zenith Shifflett), 1922-1994","Brasted, Chris","Samuels, Edith E. (Edith Ellen), 1919-1985","Schaffner, E. Ray (Edward Ray), 1910-1997","Seale, Jesse Early, 1924-1988","Shifflett, E. P. (Enoch Pat), 1903-1986","Shifflett, Maude F. (Maude Florence), 1905-1993","Shiflett, Bernice B. (Bernice Belle), 1916-1999","Shifflett, Carl O., Sr. (Carl Otto), 1902-1078","Shifflett, Gertrude, 1909-1999","Meisel, Mara","Shifflett, Ella Breeden, 1900-1991","Momich, Bob","Momich, Pat","Shifflett, Irvin F. (Irvin Forrest), 1909-2007","Roach, J. P. (John Paul), 1922-2007","Shifflett, Lydia B. (Lydia Bell), 1916-2020","Sirbaugh, Nettie E., 1885-1984","Sirbaugh, Clarence W. (Clarence William), 1910-1995","Sirbaugh, Beulah C. (Beulah Catherine), 1920-2010","Sisk, Jake, 1899-1986","Smith, Pearl Williams, 1901-1980","Snow, Etta, circa 1902-1983","Snow, Charles R.","Wheeler, Lucille Snow, 1926-2003","Hill, Helen Snow, 1917-1983","Williams, Kathleen Snow, 1929-2005","Sutherland, Margueritte Estelle, 1914-2004","Taylor, David M. (David Monroe), 1927-1993","Tompkins, Lorraine Tina Brown, 1932-2008","Cole, Tiffany (Staff)","Trout, Norm","Johnson, Bob","Twyman, Davis, 1892-1982","Wagner, Charles R. (Charles Ronald), 1915-1991","Wampler, Everett Lee, 1894-1975","Vaughan, Sarah","Waterhouse, Wilfred T., Rev., 1909-1985","Waterhouse, Beatrice M., 1907-1987","Waters, Cletus, 1915-1983","Waters, Hazel S. (Hazel Sarah), 1915-1984","Weaver, Delmar, Dr., 1907-1999","Willberger, Frank, 1896-1981","Williams, Effie Sours, 1907-1992","Wood, Gordon A. (Gordon Alexander), 1913-2006","Wood, Lillie M. (Lillie Mae), 1916-1998","Wood, Lola A. (Lola Audrey), 1906-1993","Wood, Luther W. (Luther Wilbur), 1902-1991","Wood, Myra, 1912-2012","Wood, Ray, 1924-1994","Woodward, Myrtle, 1907-2000","Yager, Dennis P. (Dennis Paul), 1944-","Jenkins, Nelson, 1916-1999","Gray, Wesley, 1932-","Yager, Mattie B. (Mattie Belle), 1904-1987","Yarrow, Darrell","Lillard, John P. (John Printz), 1900-1996"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":638,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:57:53.919Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_612_c105"}},{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_307_c06_c933","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Zero-based curriculum correspondence, 1993/1994","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_307_c06_c933#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_307_c06_c933","ref_ssm":["vifgm_repositories_2_resources_307_c06_c933"],"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_307_c06_c933","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_307","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_307","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_307_c06","parent_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_307_c06","parent_ssim":["George Mason University Office of the President records, 1949/2013","Series 6: Materials from the office of George W. Johnson, 1978-1996, 1970/1996"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vifgm_repositories_2_resources_307","vifgm_repositories_2_resources_307_c06"],"title_filing_ssi":"Zero-based curriculum correspondence","title_ssm":["Zero-based curriculum correspondence"],"title_tesim":["Zero-based curriculum correspondence"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Zero-based curriculum correspondence, 1993/1994"],"text":["Zero-based curriculum correspondence, 1993/1994","George Mason University Office of the President records, 1949/2013","Series 6: Materials from the office of George W. Johnson, 1978-1996, 1970/1996","box 78","folder 7"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["George Mason University Office of the President records, 1949/2013","Series 6: Materials from the office of George W. Johnson, 1978-1996, 1970/1996"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["George Mason University Office of the President records, 1949/2013","Series 6: Materials from the office of George W. Johnson, 1978-1996, 1970/1996"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1993/1994"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1993-1994"],"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"component_level_isim":[2],"sort_isi":1256,"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"collection_ssim":["George Mason University Office of the President records, 1949/2013"],"containers_ssim":["box 78","folder 7"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Series 2-7 contain a number of access-restricted materials noted in the contents list. Restricted materials include personally identifiable information as well as confidential or otherwise sensitive personal information and exchanges. To find out more information regarding resticted material, please contact the University Archivist."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["There are no restrictions for personal use of authorized materials. Permission to publish material from George Mason University Office of the President records must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"date_range_isim":[1993,1994],"_nest_path_":"/components#5/components#932","timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:53:43.528Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_307","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_307","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_307","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_307","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_307.xml","title_ssm":["George Mason University Office of the President records"],"title_tesim":["George Mason University Office of the President records"],"unitdate_ssm":["1949-2013"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1949-2013"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1949/2013"],"normalized_title_ssm":["George Mason University Office of the President records, 1949/2013"],"text":["George Mason University Office of the President records, 1949/2013","R0019","/repositories/2/resources/307","Fairfax County (Va.) -- History","Virginia, Northern","Virginia, Northern -- History","Universities and colleges -- Administration","Universities and colleges -- History","Universities and colleges","Education -- Virginia","University extension -- United States","Regional planning -- Virginia","School integration","Nineteen fifties","Nineteen sixties","Nineteen seventies","Nineteen eighties","Nineteen nineties","Education, Higher","Educational change","Education -- Political aspects -- United States","School boards","Affirmative action programs in education","Twentieth century","Twenty-first century","Two thousands (Decade)","Cultural pluralism","Speeches, addresses, etc.","Educational reports","Correspondence","Series 2-7 contain a number of access-restricted materials noted in the contents list. Restricted materials include personally identifiable information as well as confidential or otherwise sensitive personal information and exchanges. To find out more information regarding resticted material, please contact the University Archivist.","Restrictions explanation (if needed)","Digital versions are available of two of the","The collection is arranged in eight chronologically ordered series. Each individual series is self-contained and is arranged in order of materials acquisition. Prior to reprocessing in 2020, preexisting materials in series 2-7 were arranged in alphabetical order.","Series 1: GMC/GMU Annual Reports, 1961-1980 (Boxes 1-2)\n      Series 2: Materials from the offices of John Norville Gibson Finley and Robert Reid, 1949-1966 (Boxes 1-3)\n      Series 3: Materials from the office of Lorin Thompson, 1965-1975  (Boxes 1-18)\n      Series 4: Materials from the office Vergil H. Dykstra, 1973-1977 (Boxes 1-6)\n      Series 5: Materials from the office of Robert Krug: 1977-1978  (Boxes 1-2)\n      Series 6: Materials from the office of George W. Johnson, 1978-1996 (Boxes 1-83)\n      Series 7: Materials from the office of Alan G. Merten, 1996-2012 (Boxes 1-78)\n      Series 8: Materials from the office of Ángel Cabrera, 2011-2013 (Box 1)","The institution known today as George Mason University (GMU) began as the University of Virginia (UVA) Extension Division's Northern Virginia University Center in 1949. The Center was administered by Director John N. G. Finley (1899-1971). In 1956, UVA established the University College, a two-year branch college, alongside the Northern Virginia University Center, with Finley serving as director of both institutions. In 1960 UVa officials changed the name of the two-year branch college to George Mason College of the University of Virginia","UVA coalesced its presence in Northern Virginia in 1964 by constructing a permanent campus just south of the then-Town of Fairfax. Robert H. Reid (1913-1970) served as director of George Mason College from 1964-1966.","In 1966 Lorin A. Thompson (1902-1999) became the first and only chancellor of George Mason College and it became a four-year degree-granting institution that same year. George Mason was separated from UVA on April 7, 1972 and become an independent university under the name George Mason University. Thompson was named GMU's first president. He retired from the position in 1973.","Vergil H. Dykstra (1925-2010) was selected as GMU's second president in 1973 and retired from his role in 1977.","Robert C. Krug (1918-2006) became the third president of GMU in 1977 and departed the position in 1978 to return to his former position as Vice President of Academic Affairs.","George W. Johnson (1928-2017) was chosen as the fourth president of GMU in 1978 and served for 18 years, the longest term of any George Mason president to date. He retired in 1996.","Alan G. Merten (1941-2020) was named the fifth president of GMU in 1996 and, after serving for 16 years, retired in 2012.","Ángel Cabrera (1967- ) became the sixth president of GMU in 2012 and served for seven years, departing from the position in 2019.","The materials which make up this collection were initially acquired by SCRC staff and processed by SCRC Archivist and Records Manager, Barbara Haase and SCRC staff beginning in the early-1980s. Additional processing and initial EAD completed by Pushyamethra Kandala in 2001. Reprocessed and EAD completed in 2010 by Greta Kuriger. Reprocessed, inventoried, and finding aid data entry by Lana Mason in 2020. In 2024 University Archivist Robert Vay completed the remaining finding aid data entry and publishing.","Special Collections Research Center also holds the  and the .","For more on the history of George Mason University and its presidents, visit the online exhibit .","The George Mason University Office of the President records contains a broad spectrum of materials originating within, received, or accessed by the George Mason University (GMU) Office of the President. These materials include, but are not limited to, correspondence, studies, reports, speeches, meetings minutes, scrapbooks, audio-visual media and photographs.","The collection contains materials from the institution's beginning in 1949 as a subsidiary of the University of Virginia through the early 2010s. These materials chart the development, both culturally and physically, of the institution through the lens of its directors', chancellor's and presidents' correspondence, reports, and other administrative documents.","In addition to providing information about GMU's academic and physical development, the collection provides a view of the sociocultural development of Northern Virginia and, by extension, the United States. Notable moments and cultural shifts in American history, such as the Civil Rights movement, the Vietnam War, diversity awareness, and the September 11 attacks are referenced within collection materials.","Series 1: Annual Reports contains the George Mason annual reports, compiled by the sitting college director or, later, university president. These reports documented the rate of change during George Mason's first twenty years.","Series 2: Early History contains correspondence, reports, campus development plans, and other documentation produced during George Mason's early years under directors John Norville Gibson Finley and Robert Reid.","Series 3: Lorin A. Thompson contains materials such as correspondence, administrative meetings minutes, Civil Rights Act compliance documents, land acquisition and building plans, memoranda, photographs, scrapbooks, and reports dating from the tenure of Lorin A. Thompson.","Series 4: Vergil H. Dykstra contains materials such as budget reports, administrative meetings minutes, and enrollment statistics from the tenure of Vergil H. Dykstra.","Series 5: Robert C. Krug primarily contains correspondence from the tenure of Robert C. Krug.","Series 6: George W. Johnson contains a wide variety of materials including correspondence, speeches, and reports from the tenure of George W. Johnson.","Series 7: Alan G. Merten contains a wide variety of materials including correspondence, speeches, and reports from the tenure of Alan G. Merten.","Series 8: Ángel Cabrera contains 2013 Spring and Winter Commencements planning documents, Colonial Athletic Association meetings minutes and correspondence, and holiday greetings and event invitation cards from the tenure of Ángel Cabrera.","Folder Scope Note","There are no restrictions for personal use of authorized materials. Permission to publish material from George Mason University Office of the President records must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.","Collection contains a wide range of materials including correspondence, studies, reports, speeches, meeting minutes, scrapbooks, and photographs originating within, received, or accessed by the George Mason University Office of the President.","R81, C1, S1 - R82, C2, S5","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","George Mason University. Office of the President","George Mason University","Johnson, George W., 1928-2017","Merten, Alan G.","Thompson, Lorin A., 1902-1999","Reid, Robert H., 1913-1970","Krug, Robert C. , 1918-2006","Dykstra, Vergil H., 1925-2010","Cabrera, Angel, 1967-","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["George Mason University Office of the President records, 1949/2013"],"collection_ssim":["George Mason University Office of the President records, 1949/2013"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["R0019","/repositories/2/resources/307"],"unitid_tesim":["R0019","/repositories/2/resources/307"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"geogname_ssm":["Fairfax County (Va.) -- History","Virginia, Northern","Virginia, Northern -- History"],"geogname_ssim":["Fairfax County (Va.) -- History","Virginia, Northern","Virginia, Northern -- History"],"places_ssim":["Fairfax County (Va.) -- History","Virginia, Northern","Virginia, Northern -- History"],"creator_ssm":["George Mason University. Office of the President"],"creator_ssim":["George Mason University. Office of the President"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Johnson, George W., 1928-2017","Merten, Alan G.","Thompson, Lorin A., 1902-1999","Reid, Robert H., 1913-1970","Krug, Robert C. , 1918-2006","Dykstra, Vergil H., 1925-2010","Cabrera, Angel, 1967-"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","George Mason University. Office of the President","George Mason University"],"creators_ssim":["Johnson, George W., 1928-2017","Merten, Alan G.","Thompson, Lorin A., 1902-1999","Reid, Robert H., 1913-1970","Krug, Robert C. , 1918-2006","Dykstra, Vergil H., 1925-2010","Cabrera, Angel, 1967-","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","George Mason University. Office of the President","George Mason University"],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no restrictions for personal use of authorized materials. Permission to publish material from George Mason University Office of the President records must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"acqinfo_ssim":["These materials were and are actively being acquired by George Mason University Special Collections Research Center through the Office of the President."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Universities and colleges -- Administration","Universities and colleges -- History","Universities and colleges","Education -- Virginia","University extension -- United States","Regional planning -- Virginia","School integration","Nineteen fifties","Nineteen sixties","Nineteen seventies","Nineteen eighties","Nineteen nineties","Education, Higher","Educational change","Education -- Political aspects -- United States","School boards","Affirmative action programs in education","Twentieth century","Twenty-first century","Two thousands (Decade)","Cultural pluralism","Speeches, addresses, etc.","Educational reports","Correspondence"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Universities and colleges -- Administration","Universities and colleges -- History","Universities and colleges","Education -- Virginia","University extension -- United States","Regional planning -- Virginia","School integration","Nineteen fifties","Nineteen sixties","Nineteen seventies","Nineteen eighties","Nineteen nineties","Education, Higher","Educational change","Education -- Political aspects -- United States","School boards","Affirmative action programs in education","Twentieth century","Twenty-first century","Two thousands (Decade)","Cultural pluralism","Speeches, addresses, etc.","Educational reports","Correspondence"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["96.5 Linear Feet 193 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["96.5 Linear Feet 193 boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence"],"date_range_isim":[1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSeries 2-7 contain a number of access-restricted materials noted in the contents list. Restricted materials include personally identifiable information as well as confidential or otherwise sensitive personal information and exchanges. To find out more information regarding resticted material, please contact the University Archivist.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eRestrictions explanation (if needed)\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions","Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Series 2-7 contain a number of access-restricted materials noted in the contents list. Restricted materials include personally identifiable information as well as confidential or otherwise sensitive personal information and exchanges. To find out more information regarding resticted material, please contact the University Archivist.","Restrictions explanation (if needed)"],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDigital versions are available of two of the \u003cextptr href=\"http://images.gmu.edu/luna/servlet/GMUDPSdps~16~16\" title=\"President Thompson scrapbooks.\" show=\"new\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Alternate Format Available"],"altformavail_tesim":["Digital versions are available of two of the"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged in eight chronologically ordered series. Each individual series is self-contained and is arranged in order of materials acquisition. Prior to reprocessing in 2020, preexisting materials in series 2-7 were arranged in alphabetical order.\u003c/p\u003e    ","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 1: GMC/GMU Annual Reports, 1961-1980 (Boxes 1-2)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 2: Materials from the offices of John Norville Gibson Finley and Robert Reid, 1949-1966 (Boxes 1-3)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 3: Materials from the office of Lorin Thompson, 1965-1975  (Boxes 1-18)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 4: Materials from the office Vergil H. Dykstra, 1973-1977 (Boxes 1-6)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 5: Materials from the office of Robert Krug: 1977-1978  (Boxes 1-2)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 6: Materials from the office of George W. Johnson, 1978-1996 (Boxes 1-83)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 7: Materials from the office of Alan G. Merten, 1996-2012 (Boxes 1-78)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 8: Materials from the office of Ángel Cabrera, 2011-2013 (Box 1)\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged in eight chronologically ordered series. Each individual series is self-contained and is arranged in order of materials acquisition. Prior to reprocessing in 2020, preexisting materials in series 2-7 were arranged in alphabetical order.","Series 1: GMC/GMU Annual Reports, 1961-1980 (Boxes 1-2)\n      Series 2: Materials from the offices of John Norville Gibson Finley and Robert Reid, 1949-1966 (Boxes 1-3)\n      Series 3: Materials from the office of Lorin Thompson, 1965-1975  (Boxes 1-18)\n      Series 4: Materials from the office Vergil H. Dykstra, 1973-1977 (Boxes 1-6)\n      Series 5: Materials from the office of Robert Krug: 1977-1978  (Boxes 1-2)\n      Series 6: Materials from the office of George W. Johnson, 1978-1996 (Boxes 1-83)\n      Series 7: Materials from the office of Alan G. Merten, 1996-2012 (Boxes 1-78)\n      Series 8: Materials from the office of Ángel Cabrera, 2011-2013 (Box 1)"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe institution known today as George Mason University (GMU) began as the University of Virginia (UVA) Extension Division's Northern Virginia University Center in 1949. The Center was administered by Director John N. G. Finley (1899-1971). In 1956, UVA established the University College, a two-year branch college, alongside the Northern Virginia University Center, with Finley serving as director of both institutions. In 1960 UVa officials changed the name of the two-year branch college to George Mason College of the University of Virginia\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eUVA coalesced its presence in Northern Virginia in 1964 by constructing a permanent campus just south of the then-Town of Fairfax. Robert H. Reid (1913-1970) served as director of George Mason College from 1964-1966.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1966 Lorin A. Thompson (1902-1999) became the first and only chancellor of George Mason College and it became a four-year degree-granting institution that same year. George Mason was separated from UVA on April 7, 1972 and become an independent university under the name George Mason University. Thompson was named GMU's first president. He retired from the position in 1973.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVergil H. Dykstra (1925-2010) was selected as GMU's second president in 1973 and retired from his role in 1977.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRobert C. Krug (1918-2006) became the third president of GMU in 1977 and departed the position in 1978 to return to his former position as Vice President of Academic Affairs.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGeorge W. Johnson (1928-2017) was chosen as the fourth president of GMU in 1978 and served for 18 years, the longest term of any George Mason president to date. He retired in 1996.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlan G. Merten (1941-2020) was named the fifth president of GMU in 1996 and, after serving for 16 years, retired in 2012.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eÁngel Cabrera (1967- ) became the sixth president of GMU in 2012 and served for seven years, departing from the position in 2019.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["The institution known today as George Mason University (GMU) began as the University of Virginia (UVA) Extension Division's Northern Virginia University Center in 1949. The Center was administered by Director John N. G. Finley (1899-1971). In 1956, UVA established the University College, a two-year branch college, alongside the Northern Virginia University Center, with Finley serving as director of both institutions. In 1960 UVa officials changed the name of the two-year branch college to George Mason College of the University of Virginia","UVA coalesced its presence in Northern Virginia in 1964 by constructing a permanent campus just south of the then-Town of Fairfax. Robert H. Reid (1913-1970) served as director of George Mason College from 1964-1966.","In 1966 Lorin A. Thompson (1902-1999) became the first and only chancellor of George Mason College and it became a four-year degree-granting institution that same year. George Mason was separated from UVA on April 7, 1972 and become an independent university under the name George Mason University. Thompson was named GMU's first president. He retired from the position in 1973.","Vergil H. Dykstra (1925-2010) was selected as GMU's second president in 1973 and retired from his role in 1977.","Robert C. Krug (1918-2006) became the third president of GMU in 1977 and departed the position in 1978 to return to his former position as Vice President of Academic Affairs.","George W. Johnson (1928-2017) was chosen as the fourth president of GMU in 1978 and served for 18 years, the longest term of any George Mason president to date. He retired in 1996.","Alan G. Merten (1941-2020) was named the fifth president of GMU in 1996 and, after serving for 16 years, retired in 2012.","Ángel Cabrera (1967- ) became the sixth president of GMU in 2012 and served for seven years, departing from the position in 2019."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGeorge Mason University Office of the President records, R0019, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["George Mason University Office of the President records, R0019, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe materials which make up this collection were initially acquired by SCRC staff and processed by SCRC Archivist and Records Manager, Barbara Haase and SCRC staff beginning in the early-1980s. Additional processing and initial EAD completed by Pushyamethra Kandala in 2001. Reprocessed and EAD completed in 2010 by Greta Kuriger. Reprocessed, inventoried, and finding aid data entry by Lana Mason in 2020. In 2024 University Archivist Robert Vay completed the remaining finding aid data entry and publishing.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The materials which make up this collection were initially acquired by SCRC staff and processed by SCRC Archivist and Records Manager, Barbara Haase and SCRC staff beginning in the early-1980s. Additional processing and initial EAD completed by Pushyamethra Kandala in 2001. Reprocessed and EAD completed in 2010 by Greta Kuriger. Reprocessed, inventoried, and finding aid data entry by Lana Mason in 2020. In 2024 University Archivist Robert Vay completed the remaining finding aid data entry and publishing."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSpecial Collections Research Center also holds the \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"George Mason University Office of the Registrar records\" href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/r0026\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e and the \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"George Mason University Office of the Senior Vice President records\" href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/r0024\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor more on the history of George Mason University and its presidents, visit the online exhibit \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"George Mason University: A History\" href=\"https://masonlibraries.org/masonhistory\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Special Collections Research Center also holds the  and the .","For more on the history of George Mason University and its presidents, visit the online exhibit ."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe George Mason University Office of the President records contains a broad spectrum of materials originating within, received, or accessed by the George Mason University (GMU) Office of the President. These materials include, but are not limited to, correspondence, studies, reports, speeches, meetings minutes, scrapbooks, audio-visual media and photographs.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe collection contains materials from the institution's beginning in 1949 as a subsidiary of the University of Virginia through the early 2010s. These materials chart the development, both culturally and physically, of the institution through the lens of its directors', chancellor's and presidents' correspondence, reports, and other administrative documents. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn addition to providing information about GMU's academic and physical development, the collection provides a view of the sociocultural development of Northern Virginia and, by extension, the United States. Notable moments and cultural shifts in American history, such as the Civil Rights movement, the Vietnam War, diversity awareness, and the September 11 attacks are referenced within collection materials.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1: Annual Reports contains the George Mason annual reports, compiled by the sitting college director or, later, university president. These reports documented the rate of change during George Mason's first twenty years.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2: Early History contains correspondence, reports, campus development plans, and other documentation produced during George Mason's early years under directors John Norville Gibson Finley and Robert Reid.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 3: Lorin A. Thompson contains materials such as correspondence, administrative meetings minutes, Civil Rights Act compliance documents, land acquisition and building plans, memoranda, photographs, scrapbooks, and reports dating from the tenure of Lorin A. Thompson.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 4: Vergil H. Dykstra contains materials such as budget reports, administrative meetings minutes, and enrollment statistics from the tenure of Vergil H. Dykstra.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 5: Robert C. Krug primarily contains correspondence from the tenure of Robert C. Krug.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 6: George W. Johnson contains a wide variety of materials including correspondence, speeches, and reports from the tenure of George W. Johnson.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 7: Alan G. Merten contains a wide variety of materials including correspondence, speeches, and reports from the tenure of Alan G. Merten. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 8: Ángel Cabrera contains 2013 Spring and Winter Commencements planning documents, Colonial Athletic Association meetings minutes and correspondence, and holiday greetings and event invitation cards from the tenure of Ángel Cabrera.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eFolder Scope Note\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The George Mason University Office of the President records contains a broad spectrum of materials originating within, received, or accessed by the George Mason University (GMU) Office of the President. These materials include, but are not limited to, correspondence, studies, reports, speeches, meetings minutes, scrapbooks, audio-visual media and photographs.","The collection contains materials from the institution's beginning in 1949 as a subsidiary of the University of Virginia through the early 2010s. These materials chart the development, both culturally and physically, of the institution through the lens of its directors', chancellor's and presidents' correspondence, reports, and other administrative documents.","In addition to providing information about GMU's academic and physical development, the collection provides a view of the sociocultural development of Northern Virginia and, by extension, the United States. Notable moments and cultural shifts in American history, such as the Civil Rights movement, the Vietnam War, diversity awareness, and the September 11 attacks are referenced within collection materials.","Series 1: Annual Reports contains the George Mason annual reports, compiled by the sitting college director or, later, university president. These reports documented the rate of change during George Mason's first twenty years.","Series 2: Early History contains correspondence, reports, campus development plans, and other documentation produced during George Mason's early years under directors John Norville Gibson Finley and Robert Reid.","Series 3: Lorin A. Thompson contains materials such as correspondence, administrative meetings minutes, Civil Rights Act compliance documents, land acquisition and building plans, memoranda, photographs, scrapbooks, and reports dating from the tenure of Lorin A. Thompson.","Series 4: Vergil H. Dykstra contains materials such as budget reports, administrative meetings minutes, and enrollment statistics from the tenure of Vergil H. Dykstra.","Series 5: Robert C. Krug primarily contains correspondence from the tenure of Robert C. Krug.","Series 6: George W. Johnson contains a wide variety of materials including correspondence, speeches, and reports from the tenure of George W. Johnson.","Series 7: Alan G. Merten contains a wide variety of materials including correspondence, speeches, and reports from the tenure of Alan G. Merten.","Series 8: Ángel Cabrera contains 2013 Spring and Winter Commencements planning documents, Colonial Athletic Association meetings minutes and correspondence, and holiday greetings and event invitation cards from the tenure of Ángel Cabrera.","Folder Scope Note"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions for personal use of authorized materials. Permission to publish material from George Mason University Office of the President records must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions for personal use of authorized materials. Permission to publish material from George Mason University Office of the President records must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_1fe5f00f5f1196924ca9248e4e7b3524\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eCollection contains a wide range of materials including correspondence, studies, reports, speeches, meeting minutes, scrapbooks, and photographs originating within, received, or accessed by the George Mason University Office of the President.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["Collection contains a wide range of materials including correspondence, studies, reports, speeches, meeting minutes, scrapbooks, and photographs originating within, received, or accessed by the George Mason University Office of the President."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_ea4c5eee18e65093e3f6f8ba5816dddc\"\u003eR81, C1, S1 - R82, C2, S5\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["R81, C1, S1 - R82, C2, S5"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","George Mason University. Office of the President","George Mason University"],"names_coll_ssim":["George Mason University","George Mason University. Office of the President","Johnson, George W., 1928-2017","Merten, Alan G.","Thompson, Lorin A., 1902-1999","Reid, Robert H., 1913-1970","Krug, Robert C. , 1918-2006","Dykstra, Vergil H., 1925-2010","Cabrera, Angel, 1967-"],"persname_ssim":["Johnson, George W., 1928-2017","Merten, Alan G.","Thompson, Lorin A., 1902-1999","Reid, Robert H., 1913-1970","Krug, Robert C. , 1918-2006","Dykstra, Vergil H., 1925-2010","Cabrera, Angel, 1967-"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","George Mason University. Office of the President","George Mason University","Johnson, George W., 1928-2017","Merten, Alan G.","Thompson, Lorin A., 1902-1999","Reid, Robert H., 1913-1970","Krug, Robert C. , 1918-2006","Dykstra, Vergil H., 1925-2010","Cabrera, Angel, 1967-"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":2384,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:53:43.528Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_307_c06_c933"}},{"id":"vifarl_repositories_2_resources_234_c23","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Zeta Tau Alpha, 1990/2018","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifarl_repositories_2_resources_234_c23#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vifarl_repositories_2_resources_234_c23","ref_ssm":["vifarl_repositories_2_resources_234_c23"],"id":"vifarl_repositories_2_resources_234_c23","ead_ssi":"vifarl_repositories_2_resources_234","_root_":"vifarl_repositories_2_resources_234","_nest_parent_":"vifarl_repositories_2_resources_234","parent_ssi":"vifarl_repositories_2_resources_234","parent_ssim":["Fraternity and Sorority Composites, 1991/2019"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vifarl_repositories_2_resources_234"],"title_filing_ssi":"Zeta Tau Alpha","title_ssm":["Zeta Tau Alpha"],"title_tesim":["Zeta Tau Alpha"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Zeta Tau Alpha, 1990/2018"],"text":["Zeta Tau Alpha, 1990/2018","Fraternity and Sorority Composites, 1991/2019","box 01 of 01"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Fraternity and Sorority Composites, 1991/2019"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Fraternity and Sorority Composites, 1991/2019"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1990/2018"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1990-2018"],"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"component_level_isim":[1],"sort_isi":23,"repository_ssim":["Longwood University"],"collection_ssim":["Fraternity and Sorority Composites, 1991/2019"],"extent_ssm":["9 Photographic Prints"],"extent_tesim":["9 Photographic Prints"],"containers_ssim":["box 01 of 01"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["There are no restrictions to access or use for research purposes."],"date_range_isim":[1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018],"_nest_path_":"/components#22","timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:51:43.358Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vifarl_repositories_2_resources_234","ead_ssi":"vifarl_repositories_2_resources_234","_root_":"vifarl_repositories_2_resources_234","_nest_parent_":"vifarl_repositories_2_resources_234","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/LONG/repositories_2_resources_234.xml","title_ssm":["Fraternity and Sorority Composites"],"title_tesim":["Fraternity and Sorority Composites"],"unitdate_ssm":["1991-2019"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1991-2019"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1991/2019"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Fraternity and Sorority Composites, 1991/2019"],"text":["Fraternity and Sorority Composites, 1991/2019","LU.074","/repositories/2/resources/234","Images are mostly in good contidtion but those prior to 1999 were hung in frames in the office of Fraternity and Sorority Life and thus have suffered some light damage.","There are no restrictions to access or use for research purposes.","Composites are arranged Alphabetically by name of organization, and then choronologically from oldest to newest. Sigma Alpha Iota and Phi Mu Alpha, are combined and and the end becuase some of their composites are combined.","Items came from the Fraternity and Sorority Life, some have been part of the collection prior to 2018, and others were donated in September of 2022.","This collection includes composite images of Longwood Fraternities and Sororities. Images are not complete and several years are missing from almost all of the sets listed.","Greenwood Library Archives and Special Collections","English\n."],"collection_title_tesim":["Fraternity and Sorority Composites, 1991/2019"],"collection_ssim":["Fraternity and Sorority Composites, 1991/2019"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["LU.074","/repositories/2/resources/234"],"unitid_tesim":["LU.074","/repositories/2/resources/234"],"repository_ssm":["Longwood University"],"repository_ssim":["Longwood University"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Greenwood Library Archives and Special Collections"],"creators_ssim":["Greenwood Library Archives and Special Collections"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["Images are mostly in good contidtion but those prior to 1999 were hung in frames in the office of Fraternity and Sorority Life and thus have suffered some light damage."],"extent_ssm":["1.16 Linear Feet 1 Flat box"],"extent_tesim":["1.16 Linear Feet 1 Flat box"],"date_range_isim":[1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018,2019],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions to access or use for research purposes.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions to access or use for research purposes."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eComposites are arranged Alphabetically by name of organization, and then choronologically from oldest to newest. Sigma Alpha Iota and Phi Mu Alpha, are combined and and the end becuase some of their composites are combined.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Composites are arranged Alphabetically by name of organization, and then choronologically from oldest to newest. Sigma Alpha Iota and Phi Mu Alpha, are combined and and the end becuase some of their composites are combined."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eItems came from the Fraternity and Sorority Life, some have been part of the collection prior to 2018, and others were donated in September of 2022.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Custodial History"],"custodhist_tesim":["Items came from the Fraternity and Sorority Life, some have been part of the collection prior to 2018, and others were donated in September of 2022."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection includes composite images of Longwood Fraternities and Sororities. Images are not complete and several years are missing from almost all of the sets listed.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection includes composite images of Longwood Fraternities and Sororities. Images are not complete and several years are missing from almost all of the sets listed."],"corpname_ssim":["Greenwood Library Archives and Special Collections"],"names_ssim":["Greenwood Library Archives and Special Collections"],"language_ssim":["English\n."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":25,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:51:43.358Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifarl_repositories_2_resources_234_c23"}},{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6608_c01_c11","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Zhejiang Medical University, PRC, visiting professor X 5, 1990/2019","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6608_c01_c11#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6608_c01_c11","ref_ssm":["wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6608_c01_c11"],"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6608_c01_c11","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6608","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6608","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6608_c01","parent_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6608_c01","parent_ssim":["Dr. William A. Neal Papers, 1880/2016","An assortment of memorabilia detailing facets of the life of Dr. William A. Neal, including letters, diverse committee appointments, awards, and presentations., 1953/2010"],"parent_ids_ssim":["wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6608","wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6608_c01"],"title_filing_ssi":"Zhejiang Medical University, PRC, visiting professor X 5","title_ssm":["Zhejiang Medical University, PRC, visiting professor X 5"],"title_tesim":["Zhejiang Medical University, PRC, visiting professor X 5"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Zhejiang Medical University, PRC, visiting professor X 5, 1990/2019"],"text":["Zhejiang Medical University, PRC, visiting professor X 5, 1990/2019","Dr. William A. Neal Papers, 1880/2016","An assortment of memorabilia detailing facets of the life of Dr. William A. Neal, including letters, diverse committee appointments, awards, and presentations., 1953/2010","Box 1","Folder 11"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Dr. William A. Neal Papers, 1880/2016","An assortment of memorabilia detailing facets of the life of Dr. William A. Neal, including letters, diverse committee appointments, awards, and presentations., 1953/2010"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Dr. William A. Neal Papers, 1880/2016","An assortment of memorabilia detailing facets of the life of Dr. William A. Neal, including letters, diverse committee appointments, awards, and presentations., 1953/2010"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1990/2019"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1990–2019"],"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"component_level_isim":[2],"sort_isi":12,"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"collection_ssim":["Dr. William A. Neal Papers, 1880/2016"],"containers_ssim":["Box 1","Folder 11"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["No special access restriction applies."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"date_range_isim":[1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018,2019],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#10","timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:58:55.130Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6608","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6608","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6608","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6608","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_6608.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/199484","title_ssm":["Dr. William A. Neal Papers"],"title_tesim":["Dr. William A. Neal Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["ca. 1880-2016"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["ca. 1880-2016"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1880/2016"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Dr. William A. Neal Papers, 1880/2016"],"text":["Dr. William A. Neal Papers, 1880/2016","A\u0026M 4481","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/6608","No special access restriction applies.","Papers of West Virginia University, School of Medicine faculty member Dr. William A. Neal and the Neal family of West Virginia. Includes correspondence, photographs, awards, clippings, military service record, etc. documenting his career. Also includes papers regarding Neal's father and paternal uncles, and mother. There are papers of his grandfather William Elmer Neal (1875-1969) who was a physician, mayor of Huntington, WV (1925-1928), and who served in the WV House of Delegates (1949-1951) and U.S. House of Representatives (1952-1954; 1956-1958). There are letters of Leonard B. Neal (1878-1900) and material regarding Susan Witten Neal (1888-1961), who was one of the first female graduates of Marshall College.  Finally, there are research papers and manuscript materials for William A. Neal's book on Edward J. Van Liere, who was an advocate for medical education in West Virginia.","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center","West Virginia and Regional History Center","Neal family","Neal, William A.","Van Liere, Edward J., 1895-1979","English\n."],"collection_title_tesim":["Dr. William A. Neal Papers, 1880/2016"],"collection_ssim":["Dr. William A. Neal Papers, 1880/2016"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 4481","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/6608"],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 4481","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/6608"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Neal, William A.","Van Liere, Edward J., 1895-1979"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"creator_famname_ssim":["Neal family"],"creators_ssim":["Neal, William A.","Van Liere, Edward J., 1895-1979","West Virginia and Regional History Center","Neal family"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["4.25 Linear Feet 4 ft. 3 in. (8 document cases, 5 in. each); (2 document cases, 2 1/2 in. each) (2 flat storage boxes, 3 in. each)"],"extent_tesim":["4.25 Linear Feet 4 ft. 3 in. (8 document cases, 5 in. each); (2 document cases, 2 1/2 in. each) (2 flat storage boxes, 3 in. each)"],"date_range_isim":[1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo special access restriction applies.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["No special access restriction applies."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Dr. William A. Neal Papers, A\u0026amp;M 4481, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Dr. William A. Neal Papers, A\u0026M 4481, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePapers of West Virginia University, School of Medicine faculty member Dr. William A. Neal and the Neal family of West Virginia. Includes correspondence, photographs, awards, clippings, military service record, etc. documenting his career. Also includes papers regarding Neal's father and paternal uncles, and mother. There are papers of his grandfather William Elmer Neal (1875-1969) who was a physician, mayor of Huntington, WV (1925-1928), and who served in the WV House of Delegates (1949-1951) and U.S. House of Representatives (1952-1954; 1956-1958). There are letters of Leonard B. Neal (1878-1900) and material regarding Susan Witten Neal (1888-1961), who was one of the first female graduates of Marshall College.  Finally, there are research papers and manuscript materials for William A. Neal's book on Edward J. Van Liere, who was an advocate for medical education in West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Papers of West Virginia University, School of Medicine faculty member Dr. William A. Neal and the Neal family of West Virginia. Includes correspondence, photographs, awards, clippings, military service record, etc. documenting his career. Also includes papers regarding Neal's father and paternal uncles, and mother. There are papers of his grandfather William Elmer Neal (1875-1969) who was a physician, mayor of Huntington, WV (1925-1928), and who served in the WV House of Delegates (1949-1951) and U.S. House of Representatives (1952-1954; 1956-1958). There are letters of Leonard B. Neal (1878-1900) and material regarding Susan Witten Neal (1888-1961), who was one of the first female graduates of Marshall College.  Finally, there are research papers and manuscript materials for William A. Neal's book on Edward J. Van Liere, who was an advocate for medical education in West Virginia."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_e31e8921af0e3a89ba5af3cf30072f73\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\"\u003eWest Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center"],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"famname_ssim":["Neal family"],"names_coll_ssim":["Neal family","Neal, William A.","Van Liere, Edward J., 1895-1979"],"persname_ssim":["Neal, William A.","Van Liere, Edward J., 1895-1979"],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Neal family","Neal, William A.","Van Liere, Edward J., 1895-1979"],"language_ssim":["English\n."],"total_component_count_is":101,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:58:55.130Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6608_c01_c11"}},{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1718_c08_c65","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Zhuku, Yvana, 1993","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1718_c08_c65#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1718_c08_c65","ref_ssm":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1718_c08_c65"],"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1718_c08_c65","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1718","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1718","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1718_c08","parent_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1718_c08","parent_ssim":["W. Dale Parker Papers, 1914/2006","Series VIII. Pen Pals, 1993/2005"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1718","viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1718_c08"],"title_filing_ssi":"Zhuku, Yvana","title_ssm":["Zhuku, Yvana"],"title_tesim":["Zhuku, Yvana"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Zhuku, Yvana, 1993"],"text":["Zhuku, Yvana, 1993","W. Dale Parker Papers, 1914/2006","Series VIII. Pen Pals, 1993/2005","box 9","folder 47"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["W. Dale Parker Papers, 1914/2006","Series VIII. Pen Pals, 1993/2005"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["W. Dale Parker Papers, 1914/2006","Series VIII. Pen Pals, 1993/2005"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1993"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1993"],"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"component_level_isim":[2],"sort_isi":301,"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"collection_ssim":["W. Dale Parker Papers, 1914/2006"],"containers_ssim":["box 9","folder 47"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The collection is open for research, with the exception of Box 4, Folder 20, which contains a sealed, revised draft of Parker's autobiography, not to be opened until 2030."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"date_range_isim":[1993],"_nest_path_":"/components#7/components#64","timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:45:40.112Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1718","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1718","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1718","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1718","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_1718.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Parker, W. Dale, Papers","title_ssm":["W. Dale Parker Papers"],"title_tesim":["W. Dale Parker Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1914-2006"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1914-2006"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1914/2006"],"normalized_title_ssm":["W. Dale Parker Papers, 1914/2006"],"text":["W. Dale Parker Papers, 1914/2006","Ms.1989.093","Archives of American Aerospace Exploration (AAAE)","Science and Technology","Aerospace engineers","Businesspeople","United States -- National Aeronautics and Space Administration -- Officials and employees","The collection is open for research, with the exception of Box 4, Folder 20, which contains a sealed, revised draft of Parker's autobiography, not to be opened until 2030.","The contents of this folder are to remain sealed until 2030.","The W. Dale Parker Papers are arranged in the following series:","Series I. Biographical and Personal Papers, 1940-2006. This series contains materials documenting Parker's personal life. The series includes biographical source items, such as newspaper clippings, Who's Who listings, and an oral history. The series also includes such items as personal correspondence, personnel records, appointment calendars, legal and financial records, and certificates and awards. Arranged by material type.","Series II. Name and Subject Files, 1922-2006. Included in this series are files devoted to the various subjects in which Parker was interested, including many civic efforts in which he was personally involved, businesses for which he worked, and organizations in which he maintained a membership. Also included are name files for people he knew or with whom he exchanged correspondence. These files include  correspondence, printed materials, and ephemera. The series includes files devoted to Parker's immediate family, with the exception of Jackie Parker, whose papers may be found in a separate series. Also not included here are politicians or persons affiliated with the space program, files for whom may be found in other series. Also among the files are collections of postcards addressed to the families of George W. Dutcher of Wilmington, Delaware; and Holiday Hoopes, of Landenberg, Pennsylvania. Parker's relationship--if any--to these families is unknown. This series is arranged alphabetically by name or topic.","Series III. Writings and Speeches, 1952-2005. This series holds the writings of Dale Parker, including several self-published books, newspaper columns and letters to the editor, newsletters, and unpublished essays on a variety of topics. Also included are drafts of speeches as well as recordings of speeches and radio appearances. Arranged by type, then alphabetically.","Series IV. Jacquelyn S. Parker Papers, 1967-2006. This series contains materials relating to Jacquelyn S. \"Jackie\" Parker, the first female graduate of the U. S. Air Force Test Pilot School. Contained in this series are biographical materials, personal correspondence, printed materials, and scrapbooks, including materials relating to the controversy surrounding her eventual retirement from military service. Arranged by material type.","Series V. Space Program, 1962-2006. This small series includes a handful of Project Gemini records generated during Parker's time at NASA. Also included is an oral history in which Parker discusses his time at NASA. The majority of the series consists of space program printed material, memorabilia, and ephemera. (Of particular interest among these, perhaps, is an autographed photo of astronaut Alan Bean.) The personal correspondence includes letters from Carl Sagan; astronaut Deke Slayton; and Martha Chaffee, widow of astronaut Roger Chaffee. The remainder of the series consists of materials relating to the Dale Parker Space Collection, now housed at the Boeing Museum of Flight. Arranged loosely by subject matter.","Series VI. Politics and Politicians, 1956-2006. This series contains both subject and name files relating to Parker's interest in politics. The majority of the series consists of files devoted to local, state, and federal elected officials. Many of these consist of nothing more than memorabilia, printed material, and form-printed letters, but a number of files--such as the Joe Biden folder--contain pieces of personal correspondence or other materials that establish a personal relationship between Parker and the subject. Some folders include correspondence from politicians' family members, advisors, and office staff; in other cases, these materials have been moved into separate folders under the individual names. (Personal correspondence of Rose Mary Woods, personal secretary of President Nixon, for example, is found within her own folder, not that of Nixon.) The collection also contains folders relating to Parker's Florida gubernatorial campaign and the Democratic and Republican parties. Completing the series is a small collection of political memorabilia. Names in this series are arranged alphabetically, followed by general political materials.","Series VII. Business Enterprises, 1945-2005. Parker's many attempts at entrepreneurship are chronicled in this series. Included are business plans, correspondence, and prototypes. Noteworthy within the series are the Amy Carter Peanut Doll, Pictorial Gravesite Creations, and the Space Exploration and Technology Trivia Game.","Series VIII. Pen Pals, 1993-2005. In 1993, Parker began correponding with a number of people living in former Soviet states. This series contains the letters written to Parker by his many pen pals. While some correspondents are represented by only a single letter, a few of the folders contain dozens of letters spanning several years. Many of the letters describe political, economic, and social conditions in the former Soviet states just after the Soviet Union's collapse. Predominant within the correspondence are letters from Belarus, though the series also contains letters from other countries. While most of the letters are written in English, some are written in Cyrrilic. Arranged alphabetically by correspondent name.","Series IX. Artifacts and Mementos, 1943-2005. Included within this eclectic assortment are fragments from a mastodon tusk, the floor of the Acropolis, and the Berlin Wall. The series also includes such disparate items as a racetrack slide rule handicapper; gag calling cards; a book of devotionals distributed to military personnel during World War II; autographed photos of Kaye Grable, Edie Adams, and Bill O'Reilly; and a William \u0026 Mary letter sweater.","Series X. Photographs, 1910-1998. This series contains Parker's personal photos of himself and friends, both in snapshots and studio portraits. Included among the photos are a number that were taken the night before the inauguration of President Jimmy Carter and include Amy Carter and Carter family staff and friends. The series is not arranged in any particular order. Loose photos have not been arranged in any particular order; photo albums have been disassembled but retain their original order and the albums arranged in chronological order.","Series XI. Scrapbooks, 1918-2004. An ardent scrapbooker, Parker documented his entire life in this medium, and in many ways the scrapbook series forms the crux of the collection. The scrapbooks chronicle all aspects of Parker's life through photographs, newspaper clippings and other printed material, correspondence, memorabilia, and ephemera. (A number of items in other series within the collection had obviously once been in scrapbooks that Parker seems to have later disassembled.) The series is arranged chronologically.","William Dale Parker, son of Otis and Eva Dempsey Parker, was born in Portsmouth, Virginia, on April 13, 1925. After graduating from Portsmouth's Churchland High School, Parker joined the U. S. Coast Guard, serving for 16 months before apparently receiving a  medical discharge in July, 1944. He entered the College of William \u0026 Mary the following spring; transcripts indicate that he failed out of the college. Parker later took a handful of courses at Goldey Beacom College, University of Delaware, and California Western University; following ten years of coursework, he graduated from the industrial engineering program of International Correspondence Schools in 1956. (His 1968 doctorate was an honorary degree, awarded by James Balmes University, Saltillo, Mexico.)","Parker married Frances Ross Jennings on February 2, 1946; the couple would have five daughters. The Parkers took up residence at the Naval Proving Grounds (Dahlgren, Virginia) where Dale Parker worked as a draftsman and later claimed to have designed the first rocket launcher used in the United States. During this time, Parker also taught courses in draftsmanship, started a base newspaper, and performed private drafting work.","From about 1950 to 1961, Parker worked at the Wilmington, Delaware, plant of General Motors, serving as a plant engineer and later as an assistant director of salaried personnel, in charge of public relations and counseling. During this time, he incorporated Multiple Services, a small business that, according to Parker, \"contracted to do anything legal.\" From 1961 to 1964, he was a management specialist for General Dynamics - Astronautics in San Diego. He also traveled as a lecturer, specializing in human relations.","In 1964, Parker was hired by NASA, an agency in which his brother Otis already worked as an aerospace engineer. Dale Parker worked as a management specialist for Project Gemini in Houston from 1964 to 1967, and at Cape Kennedy from 1967 to 1969, taking credit for bringing Project Gemini from nine months behind schedule to nine months ahead of schedule within nine months. He seems to have retired in 1969. The previous September, Parker had married Beulah Lee \"Boots\" Farthing, following the death of his first wife.","Throughout the 1960s and 1970s, Parker engaged in a number of other activities: working as a pro bono marriage counselor, as an official with various beauty pageants, as vice-president of Multiple Services, and in various capacities with several other small, short-lived business enterprises. Parker also devoted a great deal of time to volunteering with various civic organizations and charities and maintaining memberships in a number of fraternal and masonic organizations.","Parker self-published several books, including The Philosophy of Genius (1971), Gutless America (1973), and Your Own Personal Angel (1997). He also shared his many opinions through newspaper columns, frequent letters to the editor, and speeches.","Remaining politically active throughout his life, Parker contributed to both political parties and frequently wrote to politicians, offering advice, asking favors, or sharing his opinions. Though he seems not to have wielded the influence that he frequently claimed--referring to himself as a \"presidential advisor\" and \"White House veteran\"--he was in fact acquainted with a number of prominent politicians and had a knack for gaining their attention. In 1977, Parker mounted  a short-lived independent gubernatorial campaign in Florida, and gained some media attention with his unconventional method of seeking a running mate through  newspaper advertisements.  In 1994, Parker self-published A Political Candidate's Guide, claiming that it was the first book to offer advice on how to run a political campaign in the United States. He also shared his many political opinions through various venues, including a short-lived political newsletter that he faxed to multiple media outlets and politicians.","An entrepreneur of sorts, Parker made several ill-fated attempts in the manufacturing and marketing of various products, none seeming to have advanced farther than the developmental stage. Among these were the Amy Carter peanut doll, the space exploration and technology trivia board game, sports medallions, and gravesite-mounted photographic memorials.","By 1982, the Parkers had moved to Boone, North Carolina, though Dale Parker retained his status as a Florida resident for the remainder of his life. He died in Boone on July 8, 2007; Boots Parker, on December 22, 2008. Both were buried in Portlock Cemetery, Portsmouth, Virginia.","The guide to the W. Dale Parker Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/).","The processing, arrangement, and description of the W. Dale Parker Papers commenced in June 2016 and was completed in May 2017.","See the Otis Jerome Parker Papers, Ms1987-065, also at Virginia Tech Special Collections and University Archives. Otis was a NASA aerospace engineer and brother of W. Dale Parker.","This collection contains the papers of William Dale Parker (1925-2007),  management specialist on NASA's Project Gemini from 1964 to 1969; engineer with General Motors and General Dynamics; writer; businessman; and self-described political advisor, expert on human relations, and genius. The collection includes such materials as correspondence, memorabilia, printed materials, photographs, and scrapbooks.","Contained within the collection is very little about Parker's work on Gemini, the focus instead being largely on documenting Parker's personal life and his other interests: writing and lecturing, volunteer/humanitarian activities, politics, and business. Parker was meticulous about collecting the minutiae relating to all his personal life and chronicling all of his activities in photographs, memoirs, and scrapbooks.","The collection also includes a series of materials relating to the life and career of his youngest daugher, Jacquelyn S. \"Jackie\" Parker, holder of a number of firsts for women in aviation, including the first female graduate of the U. S. Air Force Test Pilot School. Also included is a series of correspondence from Parker's pen pals residing in former Soviet states soon after the collapse of the Soviet Union.","The following items were removed from the collection to be cataloged for the rare book collection:\n\nBergaust, Erik. Wernher von Braun. Washington: National Space Institute, 1976. (autographed)\n\"The Beautiful Caverns of Luray.\" Luray, VA: Lauck, [1942?]\nBobby: The Robert F. Kennedy story--the man and his dream. New York: Macfadden-Bartell, 1968.\nCann, William N. Coast to coast with the air mail: impressions of the first aeroplane trip of William N. Cann. Wilmington, DE: Cann Brothers \u0026 Kindig, 1930. (autographed)\nCarter, Jimmy. Sharing Good Times.New York: Simon and Schuster, 2005. (autographed)\nConrad, Nancy and Howard A. Klausner. Rocket man: astronaut Pete Conrad's incredible ride to the moon and beyond (autographed by Nancy Conrad and astronaut Alan Dean)\nDowns, Hugh. \"The Resources of space.\" Arlington, VA: National Space Institute, [1976?]\n\"'The Founders': a drama of Jamestown. Williamsburg, VA: The Jamestown Corporation, [1957].\nHansen, James R. First man: the life of Neil A. Armstrong. New York: Simon \u0026 Schuster, 2005.\nMiller, Marvin, comp. The Breaking of a president: some facts and findings surrounding the Watergate blunders of Richard M. Nixon, et al. vol. 1. [S.l.]: Therapy Productions, 1974.\nNASA pocket statistics. Washington: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, [1992].\nOnyx, Narda. Water, world and Weissmuller: Johnny Weissmuller's biography. Los Angeles: VION, 1964. (autographed by Weissmuller)\nSzathmary, Louis. American gastronomy: an illustrated portfolio of recipes and culinary history. Chicago: Henry Regnery Co., 1974.\nWorden, Alfred M. Hello Earth: greetings from Endeavour. Los Angeles: Nash, 1974. (autographed)","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","This collection consists of the papers of William Dale Parker, management specialist on NASA's Project Gemini, General Motors plant engineer; General Dynamics management specialist; writer; businessman;  self-described political consultant, expert on human relations, and genius. It contains correspondence, memorabilia, photos, scrapbooks, and ephemera relating to Parker's life, career and interests, as well as the life and career of his youngest daughter, Jacquelyn Parker, the first female graduate of the U. S. Air Force Test Pilot School.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration","Parker, W. Dale (William Dale), 1925-2007","The materials in the collection are in English."],"collection_title_tesim":["W. Dale Parker Papers, 1914/2006"],"collection_ssim":["W. Dale Parker Papers, 1914/2006"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.1989.093"],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.1989.093"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"creator_ssm":["Parker, W. Dale (William Dale), 1925-2007"],"creator_ssim":["Parker, W. Dale (William Dale), 1925-2007"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Parker, W. Dale (William Dale), 1925-2007"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration"],"creators_ssim":["Parker, W. Dale (William Dale), 1925-2007","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The W. Dale Parker Papers were donated to Special Collections in numerous accessions, dated 1989 to 2006."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Archives of American Aerospace Exploration (AAAE)","Science and Technology","Aerospace engineers","Businesspeople","United States -- National Aeronautics and Space Administration -- Officials and employees"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Archives of American Aerospace Exploration (AAAE)","Science and Technology","Aerospace engineers","Businesspeople","United States -- National Aeronautics and Space Administration -- Officials and employees"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["21.8 Cubic Feet 15 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["21.8 Cubic Feet 15 boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research, with the exception of Box 4, Folder 20, which contains a sealed, revised draft of Parker's autobiography, not to be opened until 2030.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eThe contents of this folder are to remain sealed until 2030.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research, with the exception of Box 4, Folder 20, which contains a sealed, revised draft of Parker's autobiography, not to be opened until 2030.","The contents of this folder are to remain sealed until 2030."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe W. Dale Parker Papers are arranged in the following series:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries I. Biographical and Personal Papers, 1940-2006. This series contains materials documenting Parker's personal life. The series includes biographical source items, such as newspaper clippings, \u003ctitle\u003eWho's Who\u003c/title\u003e listings, and an oral history. The series also includes such items as personal correspondence, personnel records, appointment calendars, legal and financial records, and certificates and awards. Arranged by material type.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries II. Name and Subject Files, 1922-2006. Included in this series are files devoted to the various subjects in which Parker was interested, including many civic efforts in which he was personally involved, businesses for which he worked, and organizations in which he maintained a membership. Also included are name files for people he knew or with whom he exchanged correspondence. These files include  correspondence, printed materials, and ephemera. The series includes files devoted to Parker's immediate family, with the exception of Jackie Parker, whose papers may be found in a separate series. Also not included here are politicians or persons affiliated with the space program, files for whom may be found in other series. Also among the files are collections of postcards addressed to the families of George W. Dutcher of Wilmington, Delaware; and Holiday Hoopes, of Landenberg, Pennsylvania. Parker's relationship--if any--to these families is unknown. This series is arranged alphabetically by name or topic.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries III. Writings and Speeches, 1952-2005. This series holds the writings of Dale Parker, including several self-published books, newspaper columns and letters to the editor, newsletters, and unpublished essays on a variety of topics. Also included are drafts of speeches as well as recordings of speeches and radio appearances. Arranged by type, then alphabetically. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries IV. Jacquelyn S. Parker Papers, 1967-2006. This series contains materials relating to Jacquelyn S. \"Jackie\" Parker, the first female graduate of the U. S. Air Force Test Pilot School. Contained in this series are biographical materials, personal correspondence, printed materials, and scrapbooks, including materials relating to the controversy surrounding her eventual retirement from military service. Arranged by material type.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries V. Space Program, 1962-2006. This small series includes a handful of Project Gemini records generated during Parker's time at NASA. Also included is an oral history in which Parker discusses his time at NASA. The majority of the series consists of space program printed material, memorabilia, and ephemera. (Of particular interest among these, perhaps, is an autographed photo of astronaut Alan Bean.) The personal correspondence includes letters from Carl Sagan; astronaut Deke Slayton; and Martha Chaffee, widow of astronaut Roger Chaffee. The remainder of the series consists of materials relating to the Dale Parker Space Collection, now housed at the Boeing Museum of Flight. Arranged loosely by subject matter.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries VI. Politics and Politicians, 1956-2006. This series contains both subject and name files relating to Parker's interest in politics. The majority of the series consists of files devoted to local, state, and federal elected officials. Many of these consist of nothing more than memorabilia, printed material, and form-printed letters, but a number of files--such as the Joe Biden folder--contain pieces of personal correspondence or other materials that establish a personal relationship between Parker and the subject. Some folders include correspondence from politicians' family members, advisors, and office staff; in other cases, these materials have been moved into separate folders under the individual names. (Personal correspondence of Rose Mary Woods, personal secretary of President Nixon, for example, is found within her own folder, not that of Nixon.) The collection also contains folders relating to Parker's Florida gubernatorial campaign and the Democratic and Republican parties. Completing the series is a small collection of political memorabilia. Names in this series are arranged alphabetically, followed by general political materials.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries VII. Business Enterprises, 1945-2005. Parker's many attempts at entrepreneurship are chronicled in this series. Included are business plans, correspondence, and prototypes. Noteworthy within the series are the Amy Carter Peanut Doll, Pictorial Gravesite Creations, and the Space Exploration and Technology Trivia Game. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries VIII. Pen Pals, 1993-2005. In 1993, Parker began correponding with a number of people living in former Soviet states. This series contains the letters written to Parker by his many pen pals. While some correspondents are represented by only a single letter, a few of the folders contain dozens of letters spanning several years. Many of the letters describe political, economic, and social conditions in the former Soviet states just after the Soviet Union's collapse. Predominant within the correspondence are letters from Belarus, though the series also contains letters from other countries. While most of the letters are written in English, some are written in Cyrrilic. Arranged alphabetically by correspondent name. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries IX. Artifacts and Mementos, 1943-2005. Included within this eclectic assortment are fragments from a mastodon tusk, the floor of the Acropolis, and the Berlin Wall. The series also includes such disparate items as a racetrack slide rule handicapper; gag calling cards; a book of devotionals distributed to military personnel during World War II; autographed photos of Kaye Grable, Edie Adams, and Bill O'Reilly; and a William \u0026amp; Mary letter sweater.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries X. Photographs, 1910-1998. This series contains Parker's personal photos of himself and friends, both in snapshots and studio portraits. Included among the photos are a number that were taken the night before the inauguration of President Jimmy Carter and include Amy Carter and Carter family staff and friends. The series is not arranged in any particular order. Loose photos have not been arranged in any particular order; photo albums have been disassembled but retain their original order and the albums arranged in chronological order. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries XI. Scrapbooks, 1918-2004. An ardent scrapbooker, Parker documented his entire life in this medium, and in many ways the scrapbook series forms the crux of the collection. The scrapbooks chronicle all aspects of Parker's life through photographs, newspaper clippings and other printed material, correspondence, memorabilia, and ephemera. (A number of items in other series within the collection had obviously once been in scrapbooks that Parker seems to have later disassembled.) The series is arranged chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The W. Dale Parker Papers are arranged in the following series:","Series I. Biographical and Personal Papers, 1940-2006. This series contains materials documenting Parker's personal life. The series includes biographical source items, such as newspaper clippings, Who's Who listings, and an oral history. The series also includes such items as personal correspondence, personnel records, appointment calendars, legal and financial records, and certificates and awards. Arranged by material type.","Series II. Name and Subject Files, 1922-2006. Included in this series are files devoted to the various subjects in which Parker was interested, including many civic efforts in which he was personally involved, businesses for which he worked, and organizations in which he maintained a membership. Also included are name files for people he knew or with whom he exchanged correspondence. These files include  correspondence, printed materials, and ephemera. The series includes files devoted to Parker's immediate family, with the exception of Jackie Parker, whose papers may be found in a separate series. Also not included here are politicians or persons affiliated with the space program, files for whom may be found in other series. Also among the files are collections of postcards addressed to the families of George W. Dutcher of Wilmington, Delaware; and Holiday Hoopes, of Landenberg, Pennsylvania. Parker's relationship--if any--to these families is unknown. This series is arranged alphabetically by name or topic.","Series III. Writings and Speeches, 1952-2005. This series holds the writings of Dale Parker, including several self-published books, newspaper columns and letters to the editor, newsletters, and unpublished essays on a variety of topics. Also included are drafts of speeches as well as recordings of speeches and radio appearances. Arranged by type, then alphabetically.","Series IV. Jacquelyn S. Parker Papers, 1967-2006. This series contains materials relating to Jacquelyn S. \"Jackie\" Parker, the first female graduate of the U. S. Air Force Test Pilot School. Contained in this series are biographical materials, personal correspondence, printed materials, and scrapbooks, including materials relating to the controversy surrounding her eventual retirement from military service. Arranged by material type.","Series V. Space Program, 1962-2006. This small series includes a handful of Project Gemini records generated during Parker's time at NASA. Also included is an oral history in which Parker discusses his time at NASA. The majority of the series consists of space program printed material, memorabilia, and ephemera. (Of particular interest among these, perhaps, is an autographed photo of astronaut Alan Bean.) The personal correspondence includes letters from Carl Sagan; astronaut Deke Slayton; and Martha Chaffee, widow of astronaut Roger Chaffee. The remainder of the series consists of materials relating to the Dale Parker Space Collection, now housed at the Boeing Museum of Flight. Arranged loosely by subject matter.","Series VI. Politics and Politicians, 1956-2006. This series contains both subject and name files relating to Parker's interest in politics. The majority of the series consists of files devoted to local, state, and federal elected officials. Many of these consist of nothing more than memorabilia, printed material, and form-printed letters, but a number of files--such as the Joe Biden folder--contain pieces of personal correspondence or other materials that establish a personal relationship between Parker and the subject. Some folders include correspondence from politicians' family members, advisors, and office staff; in other cases, these materials have been moved into separate folders under the individual names. (Personal correspondence of Rose Mary Woods, personal secretary of President Nixon, for example, is found within her own folder, not that of Nixon.) The collection also contains folders relating to Parker's Florida gubernatorial campaign and the Democratic and Republican parties. Completing the series is a small collection of political memorabilia. Names in this series are arranged alphabetically, followed by general political materials.","Series VII. Business Enterprises, 1945-2005. Parker's many attempts at entrepreneurship are chronicled in this series. Included are business plans, correspondence, and prototypes. Noteworthy within the series are the Amy Carter Peanut Doll, Pictorial Gravesite Creations, and the Space Exploration and Technology Trivia Game.","Series VIII. Pen Pals, 1993-2005. In 1993, Parker began correponding with a number of people living in former Soviet states. This series contains the letters written to Parker by his many pen pals. While some correspondents are represented by only a single letter, a few of the folders contain dozens of letters spanning several years. Many of the letters describe political, economic, and social conditions in the former Soviet states just after the Soviet Union's collapse. Predominant within the correspondence are letters from Belarus, though the series also contains letters from other countries. While most of the letters are written in English, some are written in Cyrrilic. Arranged alphabetically by correspondent name.","Series IX. Artifacts and Mementos, 1943-2005. Included within this eclectic assortment are fragments from a mastodon tusk, the floor of the Acropolis, and the Berlin Wall. The series also includes such disparate items as a racetrack slide rule handicapper; gag calling cards; a book of devotionals distributed to military personnel during World War II; autographed photos of Kaye Grable, Edie Adams, and Bill O'Reilly; and a William \u0026 Mary letter sweater.","Series X. Photographs, 1910-1998. This series contains Parker's personal photos of himself and friends, both in snapshots and studio portraits. Included among the photos are a number that were taken the night before the inauguration of President Jimmy Carter and include Amy Carter and Carter family staff and friends. The series is not arranged in any particular order. Loose photos have not been arranged in any particular order; photo albums have been disassembled but retain their original order and the albums arranged in chronological order.","Series XI. Scrapbooks, 1918-2004. An ardent scrapbooker, Parker documented his entire life in this medium, and in many ways the scrapbook series forms the crux of the collection. The scrapbooks chronicle all aspects of Parker's life through photographs, newspaper clippings and other printed material, correspondence, memorabilia, and ephemera. (A number of items in other series within the collection had obviously once been in scrapbooks that Parker seems to have later disassembled.) The series is arranged chronologically."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWilliam Dale Parker, son of Otis and Eva Dempsey Parker, was born in Portsmouth, Virginia, on April 13, 1925. After graduating from Portsmouth's Churchland High School, Parker joined the U. S. Coast Guard, serving for 16 months before apparently receiving a  medical discharge in July, 1944. He entered the College of William \u0026amp; Mary the following spring; transcripts indicate that he failed out of the college. Parker later took a handful of courses at Goldey Beacom College, University of Delaware, and California Western University; following ten years of coursework, he graduated from the industrial engineering program of International Correspondence Schools in 1956. (His 1968 doctorate was an honorary degree, awarded by James Balmes University, Saltillo, Mexico.)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eParker married Frances Ross Jennings on February 2, 1946; the couple would have five daughters. The Parkers took up residence at the Naval Proving Grounds (Dahlgren, Virginia) where Dale Parker worked as a draftsman and later claimed to have designed the first rocket launcher used in the United States. During this time, Parker also taught courses in draftsmanship, started a base newspaper, and performed private drafting work.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrom about 1950 to 1961, Parker worked at the Wilmington, Delaware, plant of General Motors, serving as a plant engineer and later as an assistant director of salaried personnel, in charge of public relations and counseling. During this time, he incorporated Multiple Services, a small business that, according to Parker, \"contracted to do anything legal.\" From 1961 to 1964, he was a management specialist for General Dynamics - Astronautics in San Diego. He also traveled as a lecturer, specializing in human relations.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1964, Parker was hired by NASA, an agency in which his brother Otis already worked as an aerospace engineer. Dale Parker worked as a management specialist for Project Gemini in Houston from 1964 to 1967, and at Cape Kennedy from 1967 to 1969, taking credit for bringing Project Gemini from nine months behind schedule to nine months ahead of schedule within nine months. He seems to have retired in 1969. The previous September, Parker had married Beulah Lee \"Boots\" Farthing, following the death of his first wife.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThroughout the 1960s and 1970s, Parker engaged in a number of other activities: working as a pro bono marriage counselor, as an official with various beauty pageants, as vice-president of Multiple Services, and in various capacities with several other small, short-lived business enterprises. Parker also devoted a great deal of time to volunteering with various civic organizations and charities and maintaining memberships in a number of fraternal and masonic organizations.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eParker self-published several books, including \u003ctitle\u003eThe Philosophy of Genius\u003c/title\u003e (1971), \u003ctitle\u003eGutless America\u003c/title\u003e (1973), and \u003ctitle\u003eYour Own Personal Angel\u003c/title\u003e (1997). He also shared his many opinions through newspaper columns, frequent letters to the editor, and speeches.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemaining politically active throughout his life, Parker contributed to both political parties and frequently wrote to politicians, offering advice, asking favors, or sharing his opinions. Though he seems not to have wielded the influence that he frequently claimed--referring to himself as a \"presidential advisor\" and \"White House veteran\"--he was in fact acquainted with a number of prominent politicians and had a knack for gaining their attention. In 1977, Parker mounted  a short-lived independent gubernatorial campaign in Florida, and gained some media attention with his unconventional method of seeking a running mate through  newspaper advertisements.  In 1994, Parker self-published \u003ctitle\u003eA Political Candidate's Guide\u003c/title\u003e, claiming that it was the first book to offer advice on how to run a political campaign in the United States. He also shared his many political opinions through various venues, including a short-lived political newsletter that he faxed to multiple media outlets and politicians.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAn entrepreneur of sorts, Parker made several ill-fated attempts in the manufacturing and marketing of various products, none seeming to have advanced farther than the developmental stage. Among these were the Amy Carter peanut doll, the space exploration and technology trivia board game, sports medallions, and gravesite-mounted photographic memorials. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBy 1982, the Parkers had moved to Boone, North Carolina, though Dale Parker retained his status as a Florida resident for the remainder of his life. He died in Boone on July 8, 2007; Boots Parker, on December 22, 2008. Both were buried in Portlock Cemetery, Portsmouth, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["William Dale Parker, son of Otis and Eva Dempsey Parker, was born in Portsmouth, Virginia, on April 13, 1925. After graduating from Portsmouth's Churchland High School, Parker joined the U. S. Coast Guard, serving for 16 months before apparently receiving a  medical discharge in July, 1944. He entered the College of William \u0026 Mary the following spring; transcripts indicate that he failed out of the college. Parker later took a handful of courses at Goldey Beacom College, University of Delaware, and California Western University; following ten years of coursework, he graduated from the industrial engineering program of International Correspondence Schools in 1956. (His 1968 doctorate was an honorary degree, awarded by James Balmes University, Saltillo, Mexico.)","Parker married Frances Ross Jennings on February 2, 1946; the couple would have five daughters. The Parkers took up residence at the Naval Proving Grounds (Dahlgren, Virginia) where Dale Parker worked as a draftsman and later claimed to have designed the first rocket launcher used in the United States. During this time, Parker also taught courses in draftsmanship, started a base newspaper, and performed private drafting work.","From about 1950 to 1961, Parker worked at the Wilmington, Delaware, plant of General Motors, serving as a plant engineer and later as an assistant director of salaried personnel, in charge of public relations and counseling. During this time, he incorporated Multiple Services, a small business that, according to Parker, \"contracted to do anything legal.\" From 1961 to 1964, he was a management specialist for General Dynamics - Astronautics in San Diego. He also traveled as a lecturer, specializing in human relations.","In 1964, Parker was hired by NASA, an agency in which his brother Otis already worked as an aerospace engineer. Dale Parker worked as a management specialist for Project Gemini in Houston from 1964 to 1967, and at Cape Kennedy from 1967 to 1969, taking credit for bringing Project Gemini from nine months behind schedule to nine months ahead of schedule within nine months. He seems to have retired in 1969. The previous September, Parker had married Beulah Lee \"Boots\" Farthing, following the death of his first wife.","Throughout the 1960s and 1970s, Parker engaged in a number of other activities: working as a pro bono marriage counselor, as an official with various beauty pageants, as vice-president of Multiple Services, and in various capacities with several other small, short-lived business enterprises. Parker also devoted a great deal of time to volunteering with various civic organizations and charities and maintaining memberships in a number of fraternal and masonic organizations.","Parker self-published several books, including The Philosophy of Genius (1971), Gutless America (1973), and Your Own Personal Angel (1997). He also shared his many opinions through newspaper columns, frequent letters to the editor, and speeches.","Remaining politically active throughout his life, Parker contributed to both political parties and frequently wrote to politicians, offering advice, asking favors, or sharing his opinions. Though he seems not to have wielded the influence that he frequently claimed--referring to himself as a \"presidential advisor\" and \"White House veteran\"--he was in fact acquainted with a number of prominent politicians and had a knack for gaining their attention. In 1977, Parker mounted  a short-lived independent gubernatorial campaign in Florida, and gained some media attention with his unconventional method of seeking a running mate through  newspaper advertisements.  In 1994, Parker self-published A Political Candidate's Guide, claiming that it was the first book to offer advice on how to run a political campaign in the United States. He also shared his many political opinions through various venues, including a short-lived political newsletter that he faxed to multiple media outlets and politicians.","An entrepreneur of sorts, Parker made several ill-fated attempts in the manufacturing and marketing of various products, none seeming to have advanced farther than the developmental stage. Among these were the Amy Carter peanut doll, the space exploration and technology trivia board game, sports medallions, and gravesite-mounted photographic memorials.","By 1982, the Parkers had moved to Boone, North Carolina, though Dale Parker retained his status as a Florida resident for the remainder of his life. He died in Boone on July 8, 2007; Boots Parker, on December 22, 2008. Both were buried in Portlock Cemetery, Portsmouth, Virginia."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the W. Dale Parker Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the W. Dale Parker Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/)."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], W. Dale Parker Papers, Ms1989-093, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], W. Dale Parker Papers, Ms1989-093, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the W. Dale Parker Papers commenced in June 2016 and was completed in May 2017.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the W. Dale Parker Papers commenced in June 2016 and was completed in May 2017."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSee the \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=oai/lib.vt.edu/repositories/2/resources/1507.oai_ead.xml\"\u003eOtis Jerome Parker Papers, Ms1987-065,\u003c/a\u003e also at Virginia Tech Special Collections and University Archives. Otis was a NASA aerospace engineer and brother of W. Dale Parker.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Archival Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["See the Otis Jerome Parker Papers, Ms1987-065, also at Virginia Tech Special Collections and University Archives. Otis was a NASA aerospace engineer and brother of W. Dale Parker."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains the papers of William Dale Parker (1925-2007),  management specialist on NASA's Project Gemini from 1964 to 1969; engineer with General Motors and General Dynamics; writer; businessman; and self-described political advisor, expert on human relations, and genius. The collection includes such materials as correspondence, memorabilia, printed materials, photographs, and scrapbooks. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContained within the collection is very little about Parker's work on Gemini, the focus instead being largely on documenting Parker's personal life and his other interests: writing and lecturing, volunteer/humanitarian activities, politics, and business. Parker was meticulous about collecting the minutiae relating to all his personal life and chronicling all of his activities in photographs, memoirs, and scrapbooks.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe collection also includes a series of materials relating to the life and career of his youngest daugher, Jacquelyn S. \"Jackie\" Parker, holder of a number of firsts for women in aviation, including the first female graduate of the U. S. Air Force Test Pilot School. Also included is a series of correspondence from Parker's pen pals residing in former Soviet states soon after the collapse of the Soviet Union.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains the papers of William Dale Parker (1925-2007),  management specialist on NASA's Project Gemini from 1964 to 1969; engineer with General Motors and General Dynamics; writer; businessman; and self-described political advisor, expert on human relations, and genius. The collection includes such materials as correspondence, memorabilia, printed materials, photographs, and scrapbooks.","Contained within the collection is very little about Parker's work on Gemini, the focus instead being largely on documenting Parker's personal life and his other interests: writing and lecturing, volunteer/humanitarian activities, politics, and business. Parker was meticulous about collecting the minutiae relating to all his personal life and chronicling all of his activities in photographs, memoirs, and scrapbooks.","The collection also includes a series of materials relating to the life and career of his youngest daugher, Jacquelyn S. \"Jackie\" Parker, holder of a number of firsts for women in aviation, including the first female graduate of the U. S. Air Force Test Pilot School. Also included is a series of correspondence from Parker's pen pals residing in former Soviet states soon after the collapse of the Soviet Union."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe following items were removed from the collection to be cataloged for the rare book collection:\n\u003clist\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eBergaust, Erik. \u003ctitle\u003eWernher von Braun\u003c/title\u003e. Washington: National Space Institute, 1976. (autographed)\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e\"The Beautiful Caverns of Luray.\" Luray, VA: Lauck, [1942?]\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle\u003eBobby: The Robert F. Kennedy story--the man and his dream\u003c/title\u003e. New York: Macfadden-Bartell, 1968.\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eCann, William N. \u003ctitle\u003eCoast to coast with the air mail: impressions of the first aeroplane trip of William N. Cann\u003c/title\u003e. Wilmington, DE: Cann Brothers \u0026amp; Kindig, 1930. (autographed)\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eCarter, Jimmy. \u003ctitle\u003eSharing Good Times\u003c/title\u003e.New York: Simon and Schuster, 2005. (autographed)\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eConrad, Nancy and Howard A. Klausner. \u003ctitle\u003eRocket man: astronaut Pete Conrad's incredible ride to the moon and beyond\u003c/title\u003e (autographed by Nancy Conrad and astronaut Alan Dean)\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eDowns, Hugh. \"The Resources of space.\" Arlington, VA: National Space Institute, [1976?]\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e\"'The Founders': a drama of Jamestown. Williamsburg, VA: The Jamestown Corporation, [1957].\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eHansen, James R. \u003ctitle\u003eFirst man: the life of Neil A. Armstrong\u003c/title\u003e. New York: Simon \u0026amp; Schuster, 2005.\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eMiller, Marvin, comp. \u003ctitle\u003eThe Breaking of a president: some facts and findings surrounding the Watergate blunders of Richard M. Nixon, et al\u003c/title\u003e. vol. 1. [S.l.]: Therapy Productions, 1974.\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle\u003eNASA pocket statistics\u003c/title\u003e. Washington: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, [1992].\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eOnyx, Narda. \u003ctitle\u003eWater, world and Weissmuller: Johnny Weissmuller's biography\u003c/title\u003e. Los Angeles: VION, 1964. (autographed by Weissmuller)\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSzathmary, Louis. \u003ctitle\u003eAmerican gastronomy: an illustrated portfolio of recipes and culinary history\u003c/title\u003e. Chicago: Henry Regnery Co., 1974.\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eWorden, Alfred M. \u003ctitle\u003eHello Earth: greetings from Endeavour\u003c/title\u003e. Los Angeles: Nash, 1974. (autographed)\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003c/list\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["The following items were removed from the collection to be cataloged for the rare book collection:\n\nBergaust, Erik. Wernher von Braun. Washington: National Space Institute, 1976. (autographed)\n\"The Beautiful Caverns of Luray.\" Luray, VA: Lauck, [1942?]\nBobby: The Robert F. Kennedy story--the man and his dream. New York: Macfadden-Bartell, 1968.\nCann, William N. Coast to coast with the air mail: impressions of the first aeroplane trip of William N. Cann. Wilmington, DE: Cann Brothers \u0026 Kindig, 1930. (autographed)\nCarter, Jimmy. Sharing Good Times.New York: Simon and Schuster, 2005. (autographed)\nConrad, Nancy and Howard A. Klausner. Rocket man: astronaut Pete Conrad's incredible ride to the moon and beyond (autographed by Nancy Conrad and astronaut Alan Dean)\nDowns, Hugh. \"The Resources of space.\" Arlington, VA: National Space Institute, [1976?]\n\"'The Founders': a drama of Jamestown. Williamsburg, VA: The Jamestown Corporation, [1957].\nHansen, James R. First man: the life of Neil A. Armstrong. New York: Simon \u0026 Schuster, 2005.\nMiller, Marvin, comp. The Breaking of a president: some facts and findings surrounding the Watergate blunders of Richard M. Nixon, et al. vol. 1. [S.l.]: Therapy Productions, 1974.\nNASA pocket statistics. Washington: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, [1992].\nOnyx, Narda. Water, world and Weissmuller: Johnny Weissmuller's biography. Los Angeles: VION, 1964. (autographed by Weissmuller)\nSzathmary, Louis. American gastronomy: an illustrated portfolio of recipes and culinary history. Chicago: Henry Regnery Co., 1974.\nWorden, Alfred M. Hello Earth: greetings from Endeavour. Los Angeles: Nash, 1974. (autographed)"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_0a9bda035c1ca50a9c29e011065dbe1c\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThis collection consists of the papers of William Dale Parker, management specialist on NASA's Project Gemini, General Motors plant engineer; General Dynamics management specialist; writer; businessman;  self-described political consultant, expert on human relations, and genius. It contains correspondence, memorabilia, photos, scrapbooks, and ephemera relating to Parker's life, career and interests, as well as the life and career of his youngest daughter, Jacquelyn Parker, the first female graduate of the U. S. Air Force Test Pilot School.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["This collection consists of the papers of William Dale Parker, management specialist on NASA's Project Gemini, General Motors plant engineer; General Dynamics management specialist; writer; businessman;  self-described political consultant, expert on human relations, and genius. It contains correspondence, memorabilia, photos, scrapbooks, and ephemera relating to Parker's life, career and interests, as well as the life and career of his youngest daughter, Jacquelyn Parker, the first female graduate of the U. S. Air Force Test Pilot School."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration"],"names_coll_ssim":["United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration"],"persname_ssim":["Parker, W. Dale (William Dale), 1925-2007"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration","Parker, W. Dale (William Dale), 1925-2007"],"language_ssim":["The materials in the collection are in English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":345,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:45:40.112Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1718_c08_c65"}},{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5374_c2415","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Ziegler (prints of Ziegler family members), 1965/2002","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5374_c2415#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5374_c2415","ref_ssm":["wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5374_c2415"],"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5374_c2415","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5374","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5374","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5374","parent_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5374","parent_ssim":["Long/Trail Southeastern West Virginia Historical Records, 1870/2025"],"parent_ids_ssim":["wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5374"],"title_filing_ssi":"Ziegler (prints of Ziegler family members)","title_ssm":["Ziegler (prints of Ziegler family members)"],"title_tesim":["Ziegler (prints of Ziegler family members)"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Ziegler (prints of Ziegler family members), 1965/2002"],"text":["Ziegler (prints of Ziegler family members), 1965/2002","Long/Trail Southeastern West Virginia Historical Records, 1870/2025","Box 84","Folder 4"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Long/Trail Southeastern West Virginia Historical Records, 1870/2025"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Long/Trail Southeastern West Virginia Historical Records, 1870/2025"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1965/2002"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["ca. 1965-2002"],"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"component_level_isim":[1],"sort_isi":2415,"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"collection_ssim":["Long/Trail Southeastern West Virginia Historical Records, 1870/2025"],"containers_ssim":["Box 84","Folder 4"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["No special access restriction applies.","Researchers may access digitized and born digital materials by visiting the link attached to each item or by requesting to view the materials in person by appointment or remotely by contacting the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center reference department."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"date_range_isim":[1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002],"_nest_path_":"/components#2414","timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:57:15.461Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5374","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5374","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5374","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5374","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_5374.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/204651","title_ssm":["Long/Trail Southeastern West Virginia Historical Records"],"title_tesim":["Long/Trail Southeastern West Virginia Historical Records"],"unitdate_ssm":["circa 1870-2020s and undated"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1870-2020s and undated"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1870/2025"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Long/Trail Southeastern West Virginia Historical Records, 1870/2025"],"text":["Long/Trail Southeastern West Virginia Historical Records, 1870/2025","A\u0026M 3762","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/5374","Avis (W. Va.)","Fayette County (W. Va.)","Green Sulphur Springs (W. Va.)","Greenbrier County (W. Va.)","Hinton (W. Va.)","Mercer County (W. Va.)","Monroe County (W. Va.)","New River Gorge (W. Va.)","New River (N.C.-W. Va.)","Pence Springs (W. Va.)","Raleigh County (W. Va.)","Sandstone (W. Va.)","Summers County (W. Va.)","Talcott (W. Va.)","Genealogies.","Schools","No special access restriction applies.","Researchers may access digitized and born digital materials by visiting the link attached to each item or by requesting to view the materials in person by appointment or remotely by contacting the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center reference department.","Records and photographs documenting the history of southeastern West Virginia compiled by Summers County residents Fred Long and Stephen Trail. Many of the items were collected by a local newspaper, the Hinton Daily News (later the Hinton News). The collection focuses on the history of Summers County and Hinton from the mid-1700s to 2012, as well as the history of other areas in southeastern Virginia and western Virginia. Subjects include the town of Hinton, Hinton High School and Summers County schools, genealogy and family history, the Chesapeake and Ohio (C\u0026O) Railroad, archaeological and geographical features, other Summers County communities, wars, and other topics. Materials include a large quantity of photographs and negatives along with clippings, printed materials, ephemera, oral histories, maps, motion pictures, sound recordings, typescripts, manuscripts, and other types of materials. Many items are facsimiles of photos, documents, and newspapers.","Records about Hinton include photos and documents related to businesses and buildings. Highlights includes documentation for the Hinton National Historic District nomination; photos, game programs, and other records related to Hinton High School and its sports teams, including football and basketball; and photos, clippings, and ephemera regarding the West Virginia Water Festival, including pageant contestants and winners.","Genealogy and family history materials include genealogy charts, narrative histories, oral histories, and photographs (historic and more recent) of families of southeastern West Virginia.","Chesapeake and Ohio (C\u0026O) Railroad materials document activities of the company primarily in Hinton and Summers County, but includes other regions as well. Materials include photographs, clippings, and other documents about trains, railroads, tunnels, and construction. Highlights include historical photographs of railroad buildings, engines, and company employees.","Geographical features are documented by photographs and other material related to the construction of Bluestone Dam, and to the history of the New River, New River Gorge National Park, and other area rivers such as the Greenbrier. There are also records related to bridges and bridge construction, as well as numerous archaeological records, including surveys, maps, and reports.","Summers County communities, including Avis, Greenbrier, Green Sulphur Springs, Pence Springs, Sandstone, and Talcott, are documented by photographs, maps, and other material. Schools and churches in these communities are documented by photographs, school newspapers, bulletins, and other records.","War-related material includes photographs, clippings, and other documents. Highlights include photos of Civil War veterans at reunions, and photos and clippings related to World War I and World War II, including parades and the transportation of troops on the C\u0026O Railroad.\n \nNote on Terminology in the Contents List:","Photographs are referred to as \"photos\", \"prints\", or the specific photo type (tintype, carte de visite [CDV], cabinet card, or mounted photo). Photographs can also be found, of course, through the term \"negatives\"; many negatives do not have corresponding prints.","For genealogical information, search for a specific family name, or more generally, search for the terms \"genealogy\" or \"family history\". Photographs or negatives of \"family members\" identify groups of photographs of numerous individuals who share the same last name (or related name).","The Chesapeake and Ohio (C\u0026O) Railroad can be both spelled out fully or abbreviated C\u0026O.","Clippings may also be noted as articles or newspapers.","Addendum of 2018/02/27 is located in box 110 through box 116. It includes material relating to Stephen D. Trail's personal career, the history of the Trail family, and the history of Summers County, W. Va. Types of records include photographs, newsletters, correspondence, publications, and other material.","Addendum of 2018/05/31 comprises box 117 through box 128.  This material was compiled by Fred Long, who worked at the Hinton Daily News. It includes records relating to Hinton, W. Va., Pence Springs resort and prison, and other subjects related to Greenbrier and Summers counties. Much of this material is foldered by topic; many of these topical folders contain clippings from the Hinton Daily News, as well as related material, such as photographs, publications, and correspondence, etc.","Addendum of 2018/07/03 comprises box 129 through box 131. This addendum includes materials relating to Stephen Trail's life and career, material relating to Summers County History, several issues of the Proceedings of the New River Symposium, bound transcriptions of the Summers County 1880 census and marriage records from 1871-1883, and two books: Greenbrier Pioneers and Their Homes by Ruth Woods Dayton, and A History of Greenbrier County by Otis K. Rice.","Addendum of 2024 September 18 (box 129, folder 36) includes a folder of assorted publications and printed ephemera regarding tourism in southeastern West Virginia and two county historical societies.","Addendum of 2024 December 03 (box 132) includes prints of photographs taken by Philip Bagdon, photocopies of mounted photographs, and assorted printed ephemera regarding Summers County, WV, and other locations in the south West Virginia.","Addendum of 2025 February 10 (box 132) includes the Lower Greenbrier River Byway, Lowell Backway and Wolf Creek Backway Draft Corridor Management Plan and Alderson \"French the Friendly Lion\" and Riverwise Labyrinth pamphlets.","Addendum of 2025 September 19 (box 132) includes assorted periodicals and other ephemera regarding Monroe County, WV, and other areas in southern West Virginia.","Hinton News, The Register-Herald, The Post-Report, The Monroe Watchman","\"People, Places, and Things\" column and article on Pipestem public water system.","Several issues of column entitled \"Anecdotes in Summers County,\" mostly discussing Hinton in the late 19th century.","Includes photocopy of book by Lively entitled \"Historical Summers County.\" Also includes clippings and drafts of articles relating to Summers County history.","One page article by Stephen Trail.","Includes two articles: \"The Battle at Rich Mountain\" by Kenneth L. Carvell, and \"The Kanawha Rebel Victory\" by Terry Lowry.","Includes articles on Civil War letters by Jeff Gammage and Fred Long, as well as four transcpritions of Civil War soldier letters copied by Fred Long.","Includes articles from several newspapers, including the Hinton Daily News, and magazines pertaining to Elvis, specifically his death and continuing legacy.","Includes one article entitled \"A History of Monroe County West Virginia\" by Oren F. Morton discussing the construction of Cook's Fort.","Two articles from the Hinton Daily News and one article in Wonderful West Virginia (August 1975).","Includes an article on the genealogy of the Keeney family, a photocopied map of western Virginia, Pennsylvania, Maryland, and North Carolina from 1778, and a list of names taken from the Blaken Mill Road Cemetery in Alderson.","Includes entry from \"West Virginians in the Revolution\" on John and Peter Van Bibber, information on Samuel Gwinn, one page of notes from \"Pioneers and their Homes on Upper Kanawha,\" and two selections from the \"West Virginia Heritage Encyclopedia.\"","Photocopy of article by Roy Bird Cook entitled \"Virginia Frontier Defenses, 1719-1795\" publixhed in the West Virginia Blue Book, 1936.","Includes a pamphlet for \"Hatfields and MacCoys\" outdoor drama, a booklet titled \"The True Facts About the Famous Hatfield-McCoy Feud,\" and a newspaper clipping featuring a photo of a statue of Devil Anse Hatfield.","Two-page advertisement for the Hinton Daily News, including history of the paper, distribution information, and a list of distributors.","Includes copies of photographs and newspaper clippings about the school from its founding in 1896 onward. Articles report school's founding, fire at the school, and changes in superintendent, among other topics. Also includes 1970 student handbook and board meeting minutes.","Includes copies of photographs and newspaper clippings about the school from its founding in 1896 onward. Articles report school's founding, fire at the school, and changes in superintendent, among other topics. Also includes issues of the Dart, board meeting minutes, a list of the numbers of white, female students per school year (1880-1910), and a copy of the original deed for the school.","Includes photographs and newspaper clippings relating to Hinton High School.","Includes articles on the Hinton National Historic District, a booklet entitled \"Historic Hinton: Ready for the Future,\" and a folder of materials labeled \"Scenic Summers County in souther West Virginia.\"","Includes photocopies of photographs used as part of the Hinton Historic District Survey in 1983.","Includes mostly columns relating Hinton history. Also includes stories on the flood of 1940, John Henry, a train wreck in 1976, and other topics.","Includes three articles from the \"West Virginia Heritage Encyclopedia\" and an unidentified book on Pocahontas County discussing early Native American trails and trade networks.","Includes two articles (one by Fred Long) about \"Mad Anne\" Bailey, a woman soldier and Indian fighter during Lord Dunmore's War and the American War for Independence in Western Virginia.","Includes: Gray's New Map of Hinton (1876, reprint); map of summers county (1933, reprint); Washington's Cahin of Forts (undated, copied from a book); Archaeological Survey of New River Bluestone Reservoir (undated); Botetourt County, Virginia (1778, reprint); \"The Springs of Virginia and the Routes leading thereto\" (undated, reprint); Map of Hill Crest Cemetery (undated); Map of Section One of East Hill Cemetery (undated).","Includes: General Highway Map Augusta County (1973); Augusta County Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (1963); Map of the Giles, Fayette and Kanawha Turnpike (1840, reprint); Map of Greenbrier County, W. Va. (1887, reprint); West Virginia Official Highway Map (ca. 1980); Map of Alleghany County Virginia (undated, reprint); Map of Augusta County Virginia (1886, reprint); \"The Theatre of War in North America, with the Roads and a Table of the Distances\" (1776, reprint); The Town of Staunton (1749, reprint); Augusta County (1777, reprint); Welcome to Lewisburg (ca. 1975); Lewisburg, W. Va. Historic Walking Tour (undated); Staunton Virginia (ca. 1960); Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, West Virginia (1978); Carte de la Virginie et du Maryland (1755, reprint).","Includes notes on the First Christian Church of Hinton, black and white engravings of Hinton scenes, two historic West Virginia postcards, and an article on a large rock carved in 1814 in Beckley, W. Va., among other items.","Includes articles of incorporation and bylaws for The Pipestem Foundation, Inc., a map and brochure for the park, a newspaper article about the Old Time Mountain Music Festival, and a pamphlet by Earl L. Core discussing the history of the pipestem name and plant.","Includes a letter and photocopies of historical material sent to Fred Long relating to W.F. Echols, a C\u0026O railroad conductor in Huntington during the early 1900s.","Includes one photocopy of \"A Brief History of the Red Sulphur Springs, Monroe County, West Virginia, 1987\" by John W. Dumont.","Includes one copy of an official report addressing a train collision that occurred near Vaughn, Mississippi on April 30, 1900 involving Engineer J.L. (Casey) Jones. This incident later became a folk legend and was the subject of a popular ballad.","Subjects of photos include Hinton High School, John Henry statue, aerial images of Hinton and surrounding areas, unidentified construction photos, First National Bank, Bluestone Dam, Chessie Steam Special, a Hinton parade, the Bluestone Conference Center, Aunt Jane Williams, Low Gap Methodist Church, and a turn-of-the-century a group of men playing pool, among other subjects. Many of the photos are not identified or dated. Some are reprints.","Subjects of photos include Bluestone Dam, the James Graham House, Coney Island (Hinton), Bank of Alderson, Fred Long and wife, Cooper's Mill, and two turn-of-the-century school group photos.","Subjects of photos include Summers County Court House, City of Hinton Fire Department, the James Graham House, Swift and Company, James T. McCreery, the Hinton Hospital, New River, Roses Drug Store (Hinton), Green Sulphur Springs, Confederate monument, Hotel McCreery, Hill Top Cemetery, and Greenbrier School, among other subjects. All photos are reprints and many are unidentified.","One photo of Margaret C. Pennington, mother of Cynthia Pennington, at the Pearl Trail farm in Judson.","Includes six VHS tapes:\nTV News\nTree Work City\nHinton Streetscape\nSteve Trail, TV News, BOE Meeting\nTV News\nReed Ceremony, Nov. 27, '85; Street Lighting Ceremony, Nov. 21, '86","Documents regarding economic development program for Hinton.","Election campaign letter.","Letter regarding loan of two photographs.","Includes a business card and a thank you note for materials loaned by Trail.","List of photos.","One letter from Stephen Trail to Robert Maslowski, US Army Corps of Engineers.","Material regarding 2016 Democratic Convention in Philadelphia; includes membership card, delegate ticket, etc.","Assorted publications and printed ephemera regarding tourism in southeastern West Virginia and two county historical societies.","Assorted periodicals and other ephemera regarding Monroe County, WV, and other areas in southern West Virginia.","Separated to the dvd / vhs / betacam collection:","DVD and betacam copies of motion picture documentary of Hinton, West Virginia. Created in 1963 by the Area Redevelopment Agency of the U.S. government, it aimed to promote economic development in Hinton after the fading of the economy based upon steam railroads. (See items numbered 125 and 126 in the collection.)","Separated to the book collection; forwarded to Curator of Books:","Bragg, Melody. Thurmond and Ghost Towns of the New River Gorge. Glen Jean, West Virginia: Gem Publications, ca. 1995.","Daly, Dorothy. The Dart, 1926, Volume VII. Hinton, West Virginia: Senior Class of Hinton High School, 1926.","Directory of Hinton, West Virginia. 1927.","Enoch, Harry G. Affair at Captina Creek. Bowie, Maryland: Heritage Books, 1999.","Foster, Elizabeth Carroll. Virginia Carrolls and Their Neighbors 1618-1800s. Bowie, Maryland: Heritage Books, 1999.","Glen Jean Historical Society. Dunloop Days: Glen Jean to Thurmond: Exciting Times and Precious Memories. Glen Jean, West Virginia: Glen Jean Historical Society, ca. 1989.","Grafton, Emily. West Virginia Adventure Guide to the Natural History of Blackwater Falls State Park. Terra Alta, West Virginia: Headline Books, 2002.","Harsh, Sharon Wilmoth. School Board Minutes, Enumeration Lists and Account Records, Barbour County, West Virginia: Township of Barker, 1870-1890; Independent District of Bellington, 1893-1899. Bowie, Maryland: Heritage Books, 2000.","Hatcher, Charles Silas. Historical Genealogy of the Basham, Ellison, Hatcher, Lilly, Meadows, Pack, Walker, and Other Families. Princeton, West Virginia: Jake Forest Hatcher, 1980.","History of the Great Kanawha Valley, Volume I. Bowie, Maryland: Heritage Books, 2000.","Keller, Barbara, editor. Summers County, West Virginia, Historical Society: Cemetery Book. Beckley, West Virginia: BJW Printing, 1996.","Keller, Robert, editor. Senior \"34\". Hinton, West Virginia: Senior Class, Hinton High School, 1934.","Kirk, Bert A., Harold Neely, and the Hinton Junior Chamber of Commerce, editors. Hinton City Directory. White Sulphur Springs, West Virginia: Sentinel Publishers, 1939.","Lilly, Jack. Historical Genealogy of the Lilly Family. Canton, Ohio: Jack Lilly, 1977.","Lilly, Jack. Lilly Family History, 1566-1997. Canton, Ohio: Jack Lilly, 1997.","Lilly, Jack. Our Heritage: The Lilly Family, Vol. II. Canton, Ohio: Jack Lilly, 1978.","Long, Fred and Steve Trail. Historic Pence Springs Resort. 1987.","Marockie, Henry R. School Laws of West Virginia: 1989 Edition. Charlottesville: The Michie Company, 1990.","McBride, W. Stephen, Kim Arbogast McBride, and Greg Adamson. Frontier Forts in West Virginia: Historical and Archaeological Explorations. Edited by Lora A. Lamarre and Joanna L. Wilson. Charleston, West Virginia: West Virginia Division of Culture and History, 2003.","McKey, JoAnn Riley. Accomack County, Virginia: Court Order Abstracts; 1682-1690, Volume 7. Bowie, Maryland: Heritage Books, 1998.","McKey, JoAnn Riley. Accomack County, Virginia: Court Order Abstracts; 1690-1697, Volume 8. Bowie, Maryland: Heritage Books, 1999.","McKey, JoAnn Riley. Accomack County, Virginia: Court Order Abstracts; 1703-1710, Volume 10. Bowie, Maryland: Heritage Books, 2000.","McNeer, Sally Withrow. Echoes of Summers. Undated.","Miller, Hurley. Once in a Lifetime. Raleigh: Pentland Press, 2000.","Myers, Tom E. Moccasin Trails of the French and Indian War: The Eastern Frontier War 1743-1758. Parsons, West Virginia: McClain Printing Company, 1995.","Pemberton, Robert L. A History of Pleasants County, West Virginia. Bowie, Maryland: Heritage Books, 1999.","Peters, Okey Erwin, compiler. Conrad Peters and Wife Clara Snidow. Paducah, Kentucky: Paducah Printing Co., 1954.","Roles, Joe B. Mary Janes's War: A Civil War Novel Based on a True Story. Annandale, Virginia: Joe B. Roles, 2002.","Scott, Eugene. Thurmond: Dodge City of West Virginia: Believe It or Not City. Beckley, West Virginia: Eugene Scott, undated.","Senior Class of Hinton High School. The Senior Handbook; 1935. Hinton, West Virginia: Senior Class, Hinton High School, 1935.","Shuff, Murray. Stone Cliff, West Virginia: \"Life Along New River\", 1930-1938. Beckley, West Virginia: Central Printing Company, 1984.","Small, Sally, Louis Torres, Larry J. Reynolds, United States. National Park Service. Denver Service Center. Thurmond Commercial Buildings: New River Gorge, National River, West Virginia. Denver, Colorado: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, National Park Service, Denver Service Center, 1992.","Stewart, Kathleen. A Space on the Side of the Road: Cultural Poetics in an \"Other\" America. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1996.","Sullivan, Ken. Thurmond: A New River Community. Oak Hill, West Virginia: Eastern National Park and Monument Association, ca. 1989.","Taylor, Sharon. The Amazing Story of the Gwinns in America. Washington, D.C.: Halbert's, 1982.","Trail, Stephen D. and Vandalia Consultants, Inc. Bluestone Dam 50th Anniversary Commemorative Album 1949-1999. Hinton, West Virginia: Fox Photographics, 1999.","United States. National Park Service. Denver Service Center. Development Concept Plan / Interpretive Prospectus: Thurmond, New River Gorge National River, West Virginia. Denver, Colorado: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, National Park Service, Denver Service Center, 1992.","United States. National Park Service. Land Protection Plan: New River Gorge. Denver, Colorado: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, National Park Service, Mid-Atlantic Region, 1984.","Wardell, Patrick G., compiler. Virginians and West Virginians, 1607-1870, Volume 1. Bowie, Maryland: Heritage Books, 1986.","Wilson, Goodridge. Smyth County History and Traditions. Bowie, Maryland: Heritage Books, 1998.","Separated to closed collections:","Baseball card of Jack Warhop, originally in box 79, folder 15.","Hinton High School Year Books, titled \"The Dart\", were separated to the book collection at the History Center.  Includes years 1924, 1925 (2 copies), 1936, 1940, 1954, 1955 (2 copies), 1956, 1957, and 1959.","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","Records and photographs documenting the history of southeastern West Virginia compiled by Summers County residents Fred Long and Stephen Trail. Many of the items were collected by a local newspaper, the Hinton Daily News (later the Hinton News). The collection focuses on the history of Summers County and Hinton from the mid-1700s to 2012, as well as the history of other areas in southeastern Virginia and western Virginia. Subjects include the town of Hinton, Hinton High School and Summers County schools, genealogy and family history, the Chesapeake and Ohio (C\u0026O) Railroad, archaeological and geographical features, other Summers County communities, wars, and other topics. Materials include a large quantity of photographs and negatives along with clippings, printed materials, ephemera, oral histories, maps, motion pictures, sound recordings, typescripts, manuscripts, and other types of materials. Many items are facsimiles of photos, documents, and newspapers.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center","West Virginia and Regional History Center","Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad Company","Long, Frederick","Trail, Stephen D.","Bagdon, Philip V.","English\n."],"collection_title_tesim":["Long/Trail Southeastern West Virginia Historical Records, 1870/2025"],"collection_ssim":["Long/Trail Southeastern West Virginia Historical Records, 1870/2025"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 3762","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/5374"],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 3762","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/5374"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"geogname_ssm":["Avis (W. Va.)","Fayette County (W. Va.)","Green Sulphur Springs (W. Va.)","Greenbrier County (W. Va.)","Hinton (W. Va.)","Mercer County (W. Va.)","Monroe County (W. Va.)","New River Gorge (W. Va.)","New River (N.C.-W. Va.)","Pence Springs (W. Va.)","Raleigh County (W. Va.)","Sandstone (W. Va.)","Summers County (W. Va.)","Talcott (W. Va.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Avis (W. Va.)","Fayette County (W. Va.)","Green Sulphur Springs (W. Va.)","Greenbrier County (W. Va.)","Hinton (W. Va.)","Mercer County (W. Va.)","Monroe County (W. Va.)","New River Gorge (W. Va.)","New River (N.C.-W. Va.)","Pence Springs (W. Va.)","Raleigh County (W. Va.)","Sandstone (W. Va.)","Summers County (W. Va.)","Talcott (W. Va.)"],"places_ssim":["Avis (W. Va.)","Fayette County (W. Va.)","Green Sulphur Springs (W. Va.)","Greenbrier County (W. Va.)","Hinton (W. Va.)","Mercer County (W. Va.)","Monroe County (W. Va.)","New River Gorge (W. Va.)","New River (N.C.-W. Va.)","Pence Springs (W. Va.)","Raleigh County (W. Va.)","Sandstone (W. Va.)","Summers County (W. Va.)","Talcott (W. Va.)"],"creator_ssm":["Long, Frederick","Trail, Stephen D.","Bagdon, Philip V."],"creator_ssim":["Long, Frederick","Trail, Stephen D.","Bagdon, Philip V."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Long, Frederick","Trail, Stephen D.","Bagdon, Philip V."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad Company"],"creators_ssim":["Long, Frederick","Trail, Stephen D.","Bagdon, Philip V.","West Virginia and Regional History Center","Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad Company"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Genealogies.","Schools"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Genealogies.","Schools"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["117.02 Linear Feet 29 document case, 5 in. each; 20 document cases, 2.5 in. each; 78 record cartons, 15 in. each; 3 small flat storage boxes, 1.5 in. each; 1 small flat storage box, 3 in.; 4 large flat storage boxes, 1.5 in. each; 4 large flat storage boxes, 3 in. each; 1 card file box, 4.5 in.; 1 square roll tube, 3 in.; 1 square roll tube, 4 in.; 1 oversize folder, 2 in.; 1 framed item, 0.25 in.; 1 oversize photograph","38.2 Gigabytes 14,700 files, formats primarily include .tif, .jpg, .doc"],"extent_tesim":["117.02 Linear Feet 29 document case, 5 in. each; 20 document cases, 2.5 in. each; 78 record cartons, 15 in. each; 3 small flat storage boxes, 1.5 in. each; 1 small flat storage box, 3 in.; 4 large flat storage boxes, 1.5 in. each; 4 large flat storage boxes, 3 in. each; 1 card file box, 4.5 in.; 1 square roll tube, 3 in.; 1 square roll tube, 4 in.; 1 oversize folder, 2 in.; 1 framed item, 0.25 in.; 1 oversize photograph","38.2 Gigabytes 14,700 files, formats primarily include .tif, .jpg, .doc"],"date_range_isim":[1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018,2019,2020,2021,2022,2023,2024,2025],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo special access restriction applies.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResearchers may access digitized and born digital materials by visiting the link attached to each item or by requesting to view the materials in person by appointment or remotely by contacting the \u003ca href=\"https://westvirginia.libanswers.com/wvrhc\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eWest Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center reference department\u003c/a\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["No special access restriction applies.","Researchers may access digitized and born digital materials by visiting the link attached to each item or by requesting to view the materials in person by appointment or remotely by contacting the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center reference department."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Long/Trail Southeastern West Virginia Historical Records, A\u0026amp;M 3762, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Long/Trail Southeastern West Virginia Historical Records, A\u0026M 3762, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRecords and photographs documenting the history of southeastern West Virginia compiled by Summers County residents Fred Long and Stephen Trail. Many of the items were collected by a local newspaper, the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eHinton Daily News\u003c/emph\u003e (later the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eHinton News\u003c/emph\u003e). The collection focuses on the history of Summers County and Hinton from the mid-1700s to 2012, as well as the history of other areas in southeastern Virginia and western Virginia. Subjects include the town of Hinton, Hinton High School and Summers County schools, genealogy and family history, the Chesapeake and Ohio (C\u0026amp;O) Railroad, archaeological and geographical features, other Summers County communities, wars, and other topics. Materials include a large quantity of photographs and negatives along with clippings, printed materials, ephemera, oral histories, maps, motion pictures, sound recordings, typescripts, manuscripts, and other types of materials. Many items are facsimiles of photos, documents, and newspapers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords about Hinton include photos and documents related to businesses and buildings. Highlights includes documentation for the Hinton National Historic District nomination; photos, game programs, and other records related to Hinton High School and its sports teams, including football and basketball; and photos, clippings, and ephemera regarding the West Virginia Water Festival, including pageant contestants and winners.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGenealogy and family history materials include genealogy charts, narrative histories, oral histories, and photographs (historic and more recent) of families of southeastern West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eChesapeake and Ohio (C\u0026amp;O) Railroad materials document activities of the company primarily in Hinton and Summers County, but includes other regions as well. Materials include photographs, clippings, and other documents about trains, railroads, tunnels, and construction. Highlights include historical photographs of railroad buildings, engines, and company employees.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGeographical features are documented by photographs and other material related to the construction of Bluestone Dam, and to the history of the New River, New River Gorge National Park, and other area rivers such as the Greenbrier. There are also records related to bridges and bridge construction, as well as numerous archaeological records, including surveys, maps, and reports.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSummers County communities, including Avis, Greenbrier, Green Sulphur Springs, Pence Springs, Sandstone, and Talcott, are documented by photographs, maps, and other material. Schools and churches in these communities are documented by photographs, school newspapers, bulletins, and other records.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWar-related material includes photographs, clippings, and other documents. Highlights include photos of Civil War veterans at reunions, and photos and clippings related to World War I and World War II, including parades and the transportation of troops on the C\u0026amp;O Railroad.\n \nNote on Terminology in the Contents List:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePhotographs are referred to as \"photos\", \"prints\", or the specific photo type (tintype, carte de visite [CDV], cabinet card, or mounted photo). Photographs can also be found, of course, through the term \"negatives\"; many negatives do not have corresponding prints.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor genealogical information, search for a specific family name, or more generally, search for the terms \"genealogy\" or \"family history\". Photographs or negatives of \"family members\" identify groups of photographs of numerous individuals who share the same last name (or related name).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Chesapeake and Ohio (C\u0026amp;O) Railroad can be both spelled out fully or abbreviated C\u0026amp;O.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClippings may also be noted as articles or newspapers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAddendum of 2018/02/27 is located in box 110 through box 116. It includes material relating to Stephen D. Trail's personal career, the history of the Trail family, and the history of Summers County, W. Va. Types of records include photographs, newsletters, correspondence, publications, and other material.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nAddendum of 2018/05/31 comprises box 117 through box 128.  This material was compiled by Fred Long, who worked at the Hinton Daily News. It includes records relating to Hinton, W. Va., Pence Springs resort and prison, and other subjects related to Greenbrier and Summers counties. Much of this material is foldered by topic; many of these topical folders contain clippings from the Hinton Daily News, as well as related material, such as photographs, publications, and correspondence, etc.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAddendum of 2018/07/03 comprises box 129 through box 131. This addendum includes materials relating to Stephen Trail's life and career, material relating to Summers County History, several issues of the Proceedings of the New River Symposium, bound transcriptions of the Summers County 1880 census and marriage records from 1871-1883, and two books: Greenbrier Pioneers and Their Homes by Ruth Woods Dayton, and A History of Greenbrier County by Otis K. Rice.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAddendum of 2024 September 18 (box 129, folder 36) includes a folder of assorted publications and printed ephemera regarding tourism in southeastern West Virginia and two county historical societies.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAddendum of 2024 December 03 (box 132) includes prints of photographs taken by Philip Bagdon, photocopies of mounted photographs, and assorted printed ephemera regarding Summers County, WV, and other locations in the south West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAddendum of 2025 February 10 (box 132) includes the Lower Greenbrier River Byway, Lowell Backway and Wolf Creek Backway Draft Corridor Management Plan and Alderson \"French the Friendly Lion\" and Riverwise Labyrinth pamphlets.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAddendum of 2025 September 19 (box 132) includes assorted periodicals and other ephemera regarding Monroe County, WV, and other areas in southern West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eHinton News, The Register-Herald, The Post-Report, The Monroe Watchman\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"People, Places, and Things\" column and article on Pipestem public water system.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeveral issues of column entitled \"Anecdotes in Summers County,\" mostly discussing Hinton in the late 19th century.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes photocopy of book by Lively entitled \"Historical Summers County.\" Also includes clippings and drafts of articles relating to Summers County history.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOne page article by Stephen Trail.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes two articles: \"The Battle at Rich Mountain\" by Kenneth L. Carvell, and \"The Kanawha Rebel Victory\" by Terry Lowry.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes articles on Civil War letters by Jeff Gammage and Fred Long, as well as four transcpritions of Civil War soldier letters copied by Fred Long.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes articles from several newspapers, including the Hinton Daily News, and magazines pertaining to Elvis, specifically his death and continuing legacy.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes one article entitled \"A History of Monroe County West Virginia\" by Oren F. Morton discussing the construction of Cook's Fort.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwo articles from the Hinton Daily News and one article in Wonderful West Virginia (August 1975).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes an article on the genealogy of the Keeney family, a photocopied map of western Virginia, Pennsylvania, Maryland, and North Carolina from 1778, and a list of names taken from the Blaken Mill Road Cemetery in Alderson.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes entry from \"West Virginians in the Revolution\" on John and Peter Van Bibber, information on Samuel Gwinn, one page of notes from \"Pioneers and their Homes on Upper Kanawha,\" and two selections from the \"West Virginia Heritage Encyclopedia.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePhotocopy of article by Roy Bird Cook entitled \"Virginia Frontier Defenses, 1719-1795\" publixhed in the West Virginia Blue Book, 1936.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes a pamphlet for \"Hatfields and MacCoys\" outdoor drama, a booklet titled \"The True Facts About the Famous Hatfield-McCoy Feud,\" and a newspaper clipping featuring a photo of a statue of Devil Anse Hatfield.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwo-page advertisement for the Hinton Daily News, including history of the paper, distribution information, and a list of distributors.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes copies of photographs and newspaper clippings about the school from its founding in 1896 onward. Articles report school's founding, fire at the school, and changes in superintendent, among other topics. Also includes 1970 student handbook and board meeting minutes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes copies of photographs and newspaper clippings about the school from its founding in 1896 onward. Articles report school's founding, fire at the school, and changes in superintendent, among other topics. Also includes issues of the Dart, board meeting minutes, a list of the numbers of white, female students per school year (1880-1910), and a copy of the original deed for the school.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes photographs and newspaper clippings relating to Hinton High School.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes articles on the Hinton National Historic District, a booklet entitled \"Historic Hinton: Ready for the Future,\" and a folder of materials labeled \"Scenic Summers County in souther West Virginia.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes photocopies of photographs used as part of the Hinton Historic District Survey in 1983.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes mostly columns relating Hinton history. Also includes stories on the flood of 1940, John Henry, a train wreck in 1976, and other topics.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes three articles from the \"West Virginia Heritage Encyclopedia\" and an unidentified book on Pocahontas County discussing early Native American trails and trade networks.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes two articles (one by Fred Long) about \"Mad Anne\" Bailey, a woman soldier and Indian fighter during Lord Dunmore's War and the American War for Independence in Western Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes: Gray's New Map of Hinton (1876, reprint); map of summers county (1933, reprint); Washington's Cahin of Forts (undated, copied from a book); Archaeological Survey of New River Bluestone Reservoir (undated); Botetourt County, Virginia (1778, reprint); \"The Springs of Virginia and the Routes leading thereto\" (undated, reprint); Map of Hill Crest Cemetery (undated); Map of Section One of East Hill Cemetery (undated).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes: General Highway Map Augusta County (1973); Augusta County Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (1963); Map of the Giles, Fayette and Kanawha Turnpike (1840, reprint); Map of Greenbrier County, W. Va. (1887, reprint); West Virginia Official Highway Map (ca. 1980); Map of Alleghany County Virginia (undated, reprint); Map of Augusta County Virginia (1886, reprint); \"The Theatre of War in North America, with the Roads and a Table of the Distances\" (1776, reprint); The Town of Staunton (1749, reprint); Augusta County (1777, reprint); Welcome to Lewisburg (ca. 1975); Lewisburg, W. Va. Historic Walking Tour (undated); Staunton Virginia (ca. 1960); Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, West Virginia (1978); Carte de la Virginie et du Maryland (1755, reprint).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes notes on the First Christian Church of Hinton, black and white engravings of Hinton scenes, two historic West Virginia postcards, and an article on a large rock carved in 1814 in Beckley, W. Va., among other items.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes articles of incorporation and bylaws for The Pipestem Foundation, Inc., a map and brochure for the park, a newspaper article about the Old Time Mountain Music Festival, and a pamphlet by Earl L. Core discussing the history of the pipestem name and plant.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes a letter and photocopies of historical material sent to Fred Long relating to W.F. Echols, a C\u0026amp;O railroad conductor in Huntington during the early 1900s.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes one photocopy of \"A Brief History of the Red Sulphur Springs, Monroe County, West Virginia, 1987\" by John W. Dumont.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes one copy of an official report addressing a train collision that occurred near Vaughn, Mississippi on April 30, 1900 involving Engineer J.L. (Casey) Jones. This incident later became a folk legend and was the subject of a popular ballad.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubjects of photos include Hinton High School, John Henry statue, aerial images of Hinton and surrounding areas, unidentified construction photos, First National Bank, Bluestone Dam, Chessie Steam Special, a Hinton parade, the Bluestone Conference Center, Aunt Jane Williams, Low Gap Methodist Church, and a turn-of-the-century a group of men playing pool, among other subjects. Many of the photos are not identified or dated. Some are reprints.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubjects of photos include Bluestone Dam, the James Graham House, Coney Island (Hinton), Bank of Alderson, Fred Long and wife, Cooper's Mill, and two turn-of-the-century school group photos.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubjects of photos include Summers County Court House, City of Hinton Fire Department, the James Graham House, Swift and Company, James T. McCreery, the Hinton Hospital, New River, Roses Drug Store (Hinton), Green Sulphur Springs, Confederate monument, Hotel McCreery, Hill Top Cemetery, and Greenbrier School, among other subjects. All photos are reprints and many are unidentified.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOne photo of Margaret C. Pennington, mother of Cynthia Pennington, at the Pearl Trail farm in Judson.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes six VHS tapes:\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nTV News\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nTree Work City\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nHinton Streetscape\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSteve Trail, TV News, BOE Meeting\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nTV News\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nReed Ceremony, Nov. 27, '85; Street Lighting Ceremony, Nov. 21, '86\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDocuments regarding economic development program for Hinton.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eElection campaign letter.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter regarding loan of two photographs.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes a business card and a thank you note for materials loaned by Trail.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eList of photos.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOne letter from Stephen Trail to Robert Maslowski, US Army Corps of Engineers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMaterial regarding 2016 Democratic Convention in Philadelphia; includes membership card, delegate ticket, etc.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAssorted publications and printed ephemera regarding tourism in southeastern West Virginia and two county historical societies.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAssorted periodicals and other ephemera regarding Monroe County, WV, and other areas in southern West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Records and photographs documenting the history of southeastern West Virginia compiled by Summers County residents Fred Long and Stephen Trail. Many of the items were collected by a local newspaper, the Hinton Daily News (later the Hinton News). The collection focuses on the history of Summers County and Hinton from the mid-1700s to 2012, as well as the history of other areas in southeastern Virginia and western Virginia. Subjects include the town of Hinton, Hinton High School and Summers County schools, genealogy and family history, the Chesapeake and Ohio (C\u0026O) Railroad, archaeological and geographical features, other Summers County communities, wars, and other topics. Materials include a large quantity of photographs and negatives along with clippings, printed materials, ephemera, oral histories, maps, motion pictures, sound recordings, typescripts, manuscripts, and other types of materials. Many items are facsimiles of photos, documents, and newspapers.","Records about Hinton include photos and documents related to businesses and buildings. Highlights includes documentation for the Hinton National Historic District nomination; photos, game programs, and other records related to Hinton High School and its sports teams, including football and basketball; and photos, clippings, and ephemera regarding the West Virginia Water Festival, including pageant contestants and winners.","Genealogy and family history materials include genealogy charts, narrative histories, oral histories, and photographs (historic and more recent) of families of southeastern West Virginia.","Chesapeake and Ohio (C\u0026O) Railroad materials document activities of the company primarily in Hinton and Summers County, but includes other regions as well. Materials include photographs, clippings, and other documents about trains, railroads, tunnels, and construction. Highlights include historical photographs of railroad buildings, engines, and company employees.","Geographical features are documented by photographs and other material related to the construction of Bluestone Dam, and to the history of the New River, New River Gorge National Park, and other area rivers such as the Greenbrier. There are also records related to bridges and bridge construction, as well as numerous archaeological records, including surveys, maps, and reports.","Summers County communities, including Avis, Greenbrier, Green Sulphur Springs, Pence Springs, Sandstone, and Talcott, are documented by photographs, maps, and other material. Schools and churches in these communities are documented by photographs, school newspapers, bulletins, and other records.","War-related material includes photographs, clippings, and other documents. Highlights include photos of Civil War veterans at reunions, and photos and clippings related to World War I and World War II, including parades and the transportation of troops on the C\u0026O Railroad.\n \nNote on Terminology in the Contents List:","Photographs are referred to as \"photos\", \"prints\", or the specific photo type (tintype, carte de visite [CDV], cabinet card, or mounted photo). Photographs can also be found, of course, through the term \"negatives\"; many negatives do not have corresponding prints.","For genealogical information, search for a specific family name, or more generally, search for the terms \"genealogy\" or \"family history\". Photographs or negatives of \"family members\" identify groups of photographs of numerous individuals who share the same last name (or related name).","The Chesapeake and Ohio (C\u0026O) Railroad can be both spelled out fully or abbreviated C\u0026O.","Clippings may also be noted as articles or newspapers.","Addendum of 2018/02/27 is located in box 110 through box 116. It includes material relating to Stephen D. Trail's personal career, the history of the Trail family, and the history of Summers County, W. Va. Types of records include photographs, newsletters, correspondence, publications, and other material.","Addendum of 2018/05/31 comprises box 117 through box 128.  This material was compiled by Fred Long, who worked at the Hinton Daily News. It includes records relating to Hinton, W. Va., Pence Springs resort and prison, and other subjects related to Greenbrier and Summers counties. Much of this material is foldered by topic; many of these topical folders contain clippings from the Hinton Daily News, as well as related material, such as photographs, publications, and correspondence, etc.","Addendum of 2018/07/03 comprises box 129 through box 131. This addendum includes materials relating to Stephen Trail's life and career, material relating to Summers County History, several issues of the Proceedings of the New River Symposium, bound transcriptions of the Summers County 1880 census and marriage records from 1871-1883, and two books: Greenbrier Pioneers and Their Homes by Ruth Woods Dayton, and A History of Greenbrier County by Otis K. Rice.","Addendum of 2024 September 18 (box 129, folder 36) includes a folder of assorted publications and printed ephemera regarding tourism in southeastern West Virginia and two county historical societies.","Addendum of 2024 December 03 (box 132) includes prints of photographs taken by Philip Bagdon, photocopies of mounted photographs, and assorted printed ephemera regarding Summers County, WV, and other locations in the south West Virginia.","Addendum of 2025 February 10 (box 132) includes the Lower Greenbrier River Byway, Lowell Backway and Wolf Creek Backway Draft Corridor Management Plan and Alderson \"French the Friendly Lion\" and Riverwise Labyrinth pamphlets.","Addendum of 2025 September 19 (box 132) includes assorted periodicals and other ephemera regarding Monroe County, WV, and other areas in southern West Virginia.","Hinton News, The Register-Herald, The Post-Report, The Monroe Watchman","\"People, Places, and Things\" column and article on Pipestem public water system.","Several issues of column entitled \"Anecdotes in Summers County,\" mostly discussing Hinton in the late 19th century.","Includes photocopy of book by Lively entitled \"Historical Summers County.\" Also includes clippings and drafts of articles relating to Summers County history.","One page article by Stephen Trail.","Includes two articles: \"The Battle at Rich Mountain\" by Kenneth L. Carvell, and \"The Kanawha Rebel Victory\" by Terry Lowry.","Includes articles on Civil War letters by Jeff Gammage and Fred Long, as well as four transcpritions of Civil War soldier letters copied by Fred Long.","Includes articles from several newspapers, including the Hinton Daily News, and magazines pertaining to Elvis, specifically his death and continuing legacy.","Includes one article entitled \"A History of Monroe County West Virginia\" by Oren F. Morton discussing the construction of Cook's Fort.","Two articles from the Hinton Daily News and one article in Wonderful West Virginia (August 1975).","Includes an article on the genealogy of the Keeney family, a photocopied map of western Virginia, Pennsylvania, Maryland, and North Carolina from 1778, and a list of names taken from the Blaken Mill Road Cemetery in Alderson.","Includes entry from \"West Virginians in the Revolution\" on John and Peter Van Bibber, information on Samuel Gwinn, one page of notes from \"Pioneers and their Homes on Upper Kanawha,\" and two selections from the \"West Virginia Heritage Encyclopedia.\"","Photocopy of article by Roy Bird Cook entitled \"Virginia Frontier Defenses, 1719-1795\" publixhed in the West Virginia Blue Book, 1936.","Includes a pamphlet for \"Hatfields and MacCoys\" outdoor drama, a booklet titled \"The True Facts About the Famous Hatfield-McCoy Feud,\" and a newspaper clipping featuring a photo of a statue of Devil Anse Hatfield.","Two-page advertisement for the Hinton Daily News, including history of the paper, distribution information, and a list of distributors.","Includes copies of photographs and newspaper clippings about the school from its founding in 1896 onward. Articles report school's founding, fire at the school, and changes in superintendent, among other topics. Also includes 1970 student handbook and board meeting minutes.","Includes copies of photographs and newspaper clippings about the school from its founding in 1896 onward. Articles report school's founding, fire at the school, and changes in superintendent, among other topics. Also includes issues of the Dart, board meeting minutes, a list of the numbers of white, female students per school year (1880-1910), and a copy of the original deed for the school.","Includes photographs and newspaper clippings relating to Hinton High School.","Includes articles on the Hinton National Historic District, a booklet entitled \"Historic Hinton: Ready for the Future,\" and a folder of materials labeled \"Scenic Summers County in souther West Virginia.\"","Includes photocopies of photographs used as part of the Hinton Historic District Survey in 1983.","Includes mostly columns relating Hinton history. Also includes stories on the flood of 1940, John Henry, a train wreck in 1976, and other topics.","Includes three articles from the \"West Virginia Heritage Encyclopedia\" and an unidentified book on Pocahontas County discussing early Native American trails and trade networks.","Includes two articles (one by Fred Long) about \"Mad Anne\" Bailey, a woman soldier and Indian fighter during Lord Dunmore's War and the American War for Independence in Western Virginia.","Includes: Gray's New Map of Hinton (1876, reprint); map of summers county (1933, reprint); Washington's Cahin of Forts (undated, copied from a book); Archaeological Survey of New River Bluestone Reservoir (undated); Botetourt County, Virginia (1778, reprint); \"The Springs of Virginia and the Routes leading thereto\" (undated, reprint); Map of Hill Crest Cemetery (undated); Map of Section One of East Hill Cemetery (undated).","Includes: General Highway Map Augusta County (1973); Augusta County Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (1963); Map of the Giles, Fayette and Kanawha Turnpike (1840, reprint); Map of Greenbrier County, W. Va. (1887, reprint); West Virginia Official Highway Map (ca. 1980); Map of Alleghany County Virginia (undated, reprint); Map of Augusta County Virginia (1886, reprint); \"The Theatre of War in North America, with the Roads and a Table of the Distances\" (1776, reprint); The Town of Staunton (1749, reprint); Augusta County (1777, reprint); Welcome to Lewisburg (ca. 1975); Lewisburg, W. Va. Historic Walking Tour (undated); Staunton Virginia (ca. 1960); Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, West Virginia (1978); Carte de la Virginie et du Maryland (1755, reprint).","Includes notes on the First Christian Church of Hinton, black and white engravings of Hinton scenes, two historic West Virginia postcards, and an article on a large rock carved in 1814 in Beckley, W. Va., among other items.","Includes articles of incorporation and bylaws for The Pipestem Foundation, Inc., a map and brochure for the park, a newspaper article about the Old Time Mountain Music Festival, and a pamphlet by Earl L. Core discussing the history of the pipestem name and plant.","Includes a letter and photocopies of historical material sent to Fred Long relating to W.F. Echols, a C\u0026O railroad conductor in Huntington during the early 1900s.","Includes one photocopy of \"A Brief History of the Red Sulphur Springs, Monroe County, West Virginia, 1987\" by John W. Dumont.","Includes one copy of an official report addressing a train collision that occurred near Vaughn, Mississippi on April 30, 1900 involving Engineer J.L. (Casey) Jones. This incident later became a folk legend and was the subject of a popular ballad.","Subjects of photos include Hinton High School, John Henry statue, aerial images of Hinton and surrounding areas, unidentified construction photos, First National Bank, Bluestone Dam, Chessie Steam Special, a Hinton parade, the Bluestone Conference Center, Aunt Jane Williams, Low Gap Methodist Church, and a turn-of-the-century a group of men playing pool, among other subjects. Many of the photos are not identified or dated. Some are reprints.","Subjects of photos include Bluestone Dam, the James Graham House, Coney Island (Hinton), Bank of Alderson, Fred Long and wife, Cooper's Mill, and two turn-of-the-century school group photos.","Subjects of photos include Summers County Court House, City of Hinton Fire Department, the James Graham House, Swift and Company, James T. McCreery, the Hinton Hospital, New River, Roses Drug Store (Hinton), Green Sulphur Springs, Confederate monument, Hotel McCreery, Hill Top Cemetery, and Greenbrier School, among other subjects. All photos are reprints and many are unidentified.","One photo of Margaret C. Pennington, mother of Cynthia Pennington, at the Pearl Trail farm in Judson.","Includes six VHS tapes:\nTV News\nTree Work City\nHinton Streetscape\nSteve Trail, TV News, BOE Meeting\nTV News\nReed Ceremony, Nov. 27, '85; Street Lighting Ceremony, Nov. 21, '86","Documents regarding economic development program for Hinton.","Election campaign letter.","Letter regarding loan of two photographs.","Includes a business card and a thank you note for materials loaned by Trail.","List of photos.","One letter from Stephen Trail to Robert Maslowski, US Army Corps of Engineers.","Material regarding 2016 Democratic Convention in Philadelphia; includes membership card, delegate ticket, etc.","Assorted publications and printed ephemera regarding tourism in southeastern West Virginia and two county historical societies.","Assorted periodicals and other ephemera regarding Monroe County, WV, and other areas in southern West Virginia."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSeparated to the dvd / vhs / betacam collection:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  DVD and betacam copies of motion picture documentary of Hinton, West Virginia. Created in 1963 by the Area Redevelopment Agency of the U.S. government, it aimed to promote economic development in Hinton after the fading of the economy based upon steam railroads. (See items numbered 125 and 126 in the collection.)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  Separated to the book collection; forwarded to Curator of Books:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  Bragg, Melody. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThurmond and Ghost Towns of the New River Gorge\u003c/title\u003e. Glen Jean, West Virginia: Gem Publications, ca. 1995.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  Daly, Dorothy. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Dart, 1926, Volume VII\u003c/title\u003e. Hinton, West Virginia: Senior Class of Hinton High School, 1926.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eDirectory of Hinton, West Virginia\u003c/title\u003e. 1927.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  Enoch, Harry G. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eAffair at Captina Creek\u003c/title\u003e. Bowie, Maryland: Heritage Books, 1999.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  Foster, Elizabeth Carroll. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eVirginia Carrolls and Their Neighbors 1618-1800s\u003c/title\u003e. Bowie, Maryland: Heritage Books, 1999.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  Glen Jean Historical Society. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eDunloop Days: Glen Jean to Thurmond: Exciting Times and Precious Memories\u003c/title\u003e. Glen Jean, West Virginia: Glen Jean Historical Society, ca. 1989.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  Grafton, Emily. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eWest Virginia Adventure Guide to the Natural History of Blackwater Falls State Park\u003c/title\u003e. Terra Alta, West Virginia: Headline Books, 2002.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  Harsh, Sharon Wilmoth. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eSchool Board Minutes, Enumeration Lists and Account Records, Barbour County, West Virginia: Township of Barker, 1870-1890; Independent District of Bellington, 1893-1899\u003c/title\u003e. Bowie, Maryland: Heritage Books, 2000.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  Hatcher, Charles Silas. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eHistorical Genealogy of the Basham, Ellison, Hatcher, Lilly, Meadows, Pack, Walker, and Other Families\u003c/title\u003e. Princeton, West Virginia: Jake Forest Hatcher, 1980.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eHistory of the Great Kanawha Valley, Volume I\u003c/title\u003e. Bowie, Maryland: Heritage Books, 2000.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  Keller, Barbara, editor. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eSummers County, West Virginia, Historical Society: Cemetery Book\u003c/title\u003e. Beckley, West Virginia: BJW Printing, 1996.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  Keller, Robert, editor. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eSenior \"34\"\u003c/title\u003e. Hinton, West Virginia: Senior Class, Hinton High School, 1934.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  Kirk, Bert A., Harold Neely, and the Hinton Junior Chamber of Commerce, editors. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eHinton City Directory\u003c/title\u003e. White Sulphur Springs, West Virginia: Sentinel Publishers, 1939.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  Lilly, Jack. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eHistorical Genealogy of the Lilly Family\u003c/title\u003e. Canton, Ohio: Jack Lilly, 1977.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  Lilly, Jack. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eLilly Family History, 1566-1997\u003c/title\u003e. Canton, Ohio: Jack Lilly, 1997.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  Lilly, Jack. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eOur Heritage: The Lilly Family, Vol. II\u003c/title\u003e. Canton, Ohio: Jack Lilly, 1978.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  Long, Fred and Steve Trail. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eHistoric Pence Springs Resort\u003c/title\u003e. 1987.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  Marockie, Henry R. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eSchool Laws of West Virginia: 1989 Edition\u003c/title\u003e. Charlottesville: The Michie Company, 1990.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  McBride, W. Stephen, Kim Arbogast McBride, and Greg Adamson. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eFrontier Forts in West Virginia: Historical and Archaeological Explorations\u003c/title\u003e. Edited by Lora A. Lamarre and Joanna L. Wilson. Charleston, West Virginia: West Virginia Division of Culture and History, 2003.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  McKey, JoAnn Riley. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eAccomack County, Virginia: Court Order Abstracts; 1682-1690, Volume 7\u003c/title\u003e. Bowie, Maryland: Heritage Books, 1998.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  McKey, JoAnn Riley. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eAccomack County, Virginia: Court Order Abstracts; 1690-1697, Volume 8\u003c/title\u003e. Bowie, Maryland: Heritage Books, 1999.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  McKey, JoAnn Riley. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eAccomack County, Virginia: Court Order Abstracts; 1703-1710, Volume 10\u003c/title\u003e. Bowie, Maryland: Heritage Books, 2000.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  McNeer, Sally Withrow. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eEchoes of Summers\u003c/title\u003e. Undated.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  Miller, Hurley. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eOnce in a Lifetime\u003c/title\u003e. Raleigh: Pentland Press, 2000.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  Myers, Tom E. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eMoccasin Trails of the French and Indian War: The Eastern Frontier War 1743-1758\u003c/title\u003e. Parsons, West Virginia: McClain Printing Company, 1995.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  Pemberton, Robert L. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eA History of Pleasants County, West Virginia\u003c/title\u003e. Bowie, Maryland: Heritage Books, 1999.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  Peters, Okey Erwin, compiler. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eConrad Peters and Wife Clara Snidow\u003c/title\u003e. Paducah, Kentucky: Paducah Printing Co., 1954.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  Roles, Joe B. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eMary Janes's War: A Civil War Novel Based on a True Story\u003c/title\u003e. Annandale, Virginia: Joe B. Roles, 2002.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  Scott, Eugene. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThurmond: Dodge City of West Virginia: Believe It or Not City\u003c/title\u003e. Beckley, West Virginia: Eugene Scott, undated.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  Senior Class of Hinton High School. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Senior Handbook; 1935\u003c/title\u003e. Hinton, West Virginia: Senior Class, Hinton High School, 1935.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  Shuff, Murray. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eStone Cliff, West Virginia: \"Life Along New River\", 1930-1938\u003c/title\u003e. Beckley, West Virginia: Central Printing Company, 1984.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  Small, Sally, Louis Torres, Larry J. Reynolds, United States. National Park Service. Denver Service Center. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThurmond Commercial Buildings: New River Gorge, National River, West Virginia\u003c/title\u003e. Denver, Colorado: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, National Park Service, Denver Service Center, 1992.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  Stewart, Kathleen. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eA Space on the Side of the Road: Cultural Poetics in an \"Other\" America\u003c/title\u003e. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1996.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  Sullivan, Ken. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThurmond: A New River Community\u003c/title\u003e. Oak Hill, West Virginia: Eastern National Park and Monument Association, ca. 1989.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  Taylor, Sharon. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Amazing Story of the Gwinns in America\u003c/title\u003e. Washington, D.C.: Halbert's, 1982.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  Trail, Stephen D. and Vandalia Consultants, Inc. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eBluestone Dam 50th Anniversary Commemorative Album 1949-1999\u003c/title\u003e. Hinton, West Virginia: Fox Photographics, 1999.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  United States. National Park Service. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eDenver Service Center. Development Concept Plan / Interpretive Prospectus: Thurmond, New River Gorge National River, West Virginia\u003c/title\u003e. Denver, Colorado: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, National Park Service, Denver Service Center, 1992.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  United States. National Park Service. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eLand Protection Plan: New River Gorge\u003c/title\u003e. Denver, Colorado: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, National Park Service, Mid-Atlantic Region, 1984.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  Wardell, Patrick G., compiler. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eVirginians and West Virginians, 1607-1870, Volume 1\u003c/title\u003e. Bowie, Maryland: Heritage Books, 1986.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  Wilson, Goodridge. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eSmyth County History and Traditions\u003c/title\u003e. Bowie, Maryland: Heritage Books, 1998.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  Separated to closed collections:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  Baseball card of Jack Warhop, originally in box 79, folder 15.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eHinton High School Year Books, titled \"The Dart\", were separated to the book collection at the History Center.  Includes years 1924, 1925 (2 copies), 1936, 1940, 1954, 1955 (2 copies), 1956, 1957, and 1959.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials","Separated Materials"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["Separated to the dvd / vhs / betacam collection:","DVD and betacam copies of motion picture documentary of Hinton, West Virginia. Created in 1963 by the Area Redevelopment Agency of the U.S. government, it aimed to promote economic development in Hinton after the fading of the economy based upon steam railroads. (See items numbered 125 and 126 in the collection.)","Separated to the book collection; forwarded to Curator of Books:","Bragg, Melody. Thurmond and Ghost Towns of the New River Gorge. Glen Jean, West Virginia: Gem Publications, ca. 1995.","Daly, Dorothy. The Dart, 1926, Volume VII. Hinton, West Virginia: Senior Class of Hinton High School, 1926.","Directory of Hinton, West Virginia. 1927.","Enoch, Harry G. Affair at Captina Creek. Bowie, Maryland: Heritage Books, 1999.","Foster, Elizabeth Carroll. Virginia Carrolls and Their Neighbors 1618-1800s. Bowie, Maryland: Heritage Books, 1999.","Glen Jean Historical Society. Dunloop Days: Glen Jean to Thurmond: Exciting Times and Precious Memories. Glen Jean, West Virginia: Glen Jean Historical Society, ca. 1989.","Grafton, Emily. West Virginia Adventure Guide to the Natural History of Blackwater Falls State Park. Terra Alta, West Virginia: Headline Books, 2002.","Harsh, Sharon Wilmoth. School Board Minutes, Enumeration Lists and Account Records, Barbour County, West Virginia: Township of Barker, 1870-1890; Independent District of Bellington, 1893-1899. Bowie, Maryland: Heritage Books, 2000.","Hatcher, Charles Silas. Historical Genealogy of the Basham, Ellison, Hatcher, Lilly, Meadows, Pack, Walker, and Other Families. Princeton, West Virginia: Jake Forest Hatcher, 1980.","History of the Great Kanawha Valley, Volume I. Bowie, Maryland: Heritage Books, 2000.","Keller, Barbara, editor. Summers County, West Virginia, Historical Society: Cemetery Book. Beckley, West Virginia: BJW Printing, 1996.","Keller, Robert, editor. Senior \"34\". Hinton, West Virginia: Senior Class, Hinton High School, 1934.","Kirk, Bert A., Harold Neely, and the Hinton Junior Chamber of Commerce, editors. Hinton City Directory. White Sulphur Springs, West Virginia: Sentinel Publishers, 1939.","Lilly, Jack. Historical Genealogy of the Lilly Family. Canton, Ohio: Jack Lilly, 1977.","Lilly, Jack. Lilly Family History, 1566-1997. Canton, Ohio: Jack Lilly, 1997.","Lilly, Jack. Our Heritage: The Lilly Family, Vol. II. Canton, Ohio: Jack Lilly, 1978.","Long, Fred and Steve Trail. Historic Pence Springs Resort. 1987.","Marockie, Henry R. School Laws of West Virginia: 1989 Edition. Charlottesville: The Michie Company, 1990.","McBride, W. Stephen, Kim Arbogast McBride, and Greg Adamson. Frontier Forts in West Virginia: Historical and Archaeological Explorations. Edited by Lora A. Lamarre and Joanna L. Wilson. Charleston, West Virginia: West Virginia Division of Culture and History, 2003.","McKey, JoAnn Riley. Accomack County, Virginia: Court Order Abstracts; 1682-1690, Volume 7. Bowie, Maryland: Heritage Books, 1998.","McKey, JoAnn Riley. Accomack County, Virginia: Court Order Abstracts; 1690-1697, Volume 8. Bowie, Maryland: Heritage Books, 1999.","McKey, JoAnn Riley. Accomack County, Virginia: Court Order Abstracts; 1703-1710, Volume 10. Bowie, Maryland: Heritage Books, 2000.","McNeer, Sally Withrow. Echoes of Summers. Undated.","Miller, Hurley. Once in a Lifetime. Raleigh: Pentland Press, 2000.","Myers, Tom E. Moccasin Trails of the French and Indian War: The Eastern Frontier War 1743-1758. Parsons, West Virginia: McClain Printing Company, 1995.","Pemberton, Robert L. A History of Pleasants County, West Virginia. Bowie, Maryland: Heritage Books, 1999.","Peters, Okey Erwin, compiler. Conrad Peters and Wife Clara Snidow. Paducah, Kentucky: Paducah Printing Co., 1954.","Roles, Joe B. Mary Janes's War: A Civil War Novel Based on a True Story. Annandale, Virginia: Joe B. Roles, 2002.","Scott, Eugene. Thurmond: Dodge City of West Virginia: Believe It or Not City. Beckley, West Virginia: Eugene Scott, undated.","Senior Class of Hinton High School. The Senior Handbook; 1935. Hinton, West Virginia: Senior Class, Hinton High School, 1935.","Shuff, Murray. Stone Cliff, West Virginia: \"Life Along New River\", 1930-1938. Beckley, West Virginia: Central Printing Company, 1984.","Small, Sally, Louis Torres, Larry J. Reynolds, United States. National Park Service. Denver Service Center. Thurmond Commercial Buildings: New River Gorge, National River, West Virginia. Denver, Colorado: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, National Park Service, Denver Service Center, 1992.","Stewart, Kathleen. A Space on the Side of the Road: Cultural Poetics in an \"Other\" America. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1996.","Sullivan, Ken. Thurmond: A New River Community. Oak Hill, West Virginia: Eastern National Park and Monument Association, ca. 1989.","Taylor, Sharon. The Amazing Story of the Gwinns in America. Washington, D.C.: Halbert's, 1982.","Trail, Stephen D. and Vandalia Consultants, Inc. Bluestone Dam 50th Anniversary Commemorative Album 1949-1999. Hinton, West Virginia: Fox Photographics, 1999.","United States. National Park Service. Denver Service Center. Development Concept Plan / Interpretive Prospectus: Thurmond, New River Gorge National River, West Virginia. Denver, Colorado: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, National Park Service, Denver Service Center, 1992.","United States. National Park Service. Land Protection Plan: New River Gorge. Denver, Colorado: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, National Park Service, Mid-Atlantic Region, 1984.","Wardell, Patrick G., compiler. Virginians and West Virginians, 1607-1870, Volume 1. Bowie, Maryland: Heritage Books, 1986.","Wilson, Goodridge. Smyth County History and Traditions. Bowie, Maryland: Heritage Books, 1998.","Separated to closed collections:","Baseball card of Jack Warhop, originally in box 79, folder 15.","Hinton High School Year Books, titled \"The Dart\", were separated to the book collection at the History Center.  Includes years 1924, 1925 (2 copies), 1936, 1940, 1954, 1955 (2 copies), 1956, 1957, and 1959."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_43a428a036329b8d08d80398402053d8\"\u003eRecords and photographs documenting the history of southeastern West Virginia compiled by Summers County residents Fred Long and Stephen Trail. Many of the items were collected by a local newspaper, the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eHinton Daily News\u003c/emph\u003e (later the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eHinton News\u003c/emph\u003e). The collection focuses on the history of Summers County and Hinton from the mid-1700s to 2012, as well as the history of other areas in southeastern Virginia and western Virginia. Subjects include the town of Hinton, Hinton High School and Summers County schools, genealogy and family history, the Chesapeake and Ohio (C\u0026amp;O) Railroad, archaeological and geographical features, other Summers County communities, wars, and other topics. Materials include a large quantity of photographs and negatives along with clippings, printed materials, ephemera, oral histories, maps, motion pictures, sound recordings, typescripts, manuscripts, and other types of materials. Many items are facsimiles of photos, documents, and newspapers.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["Records and photographs documenting the history of southeastern West Virginia compiled by Summers County residents Fred Long and Stephen Trail. Many of the items were collected by a local newspaper, the Hinton Daily News (later the Hinton News). The collection focuses on the history of Summers County and Hinton from the mid-1700s to 2012, as well as the history of other areas in southeastern Virginia and western Virginia. Subjects include the town of Hinton, Hinton High School and Summers County schools, genealogy and family history, the Chesapeake and Ohio (C\u0026O) Railroad, archaeological and geographical features, other Summers County communities, wars, and other topics. Materials include a large quantity of photographs and negatives along with clippings, printed materials, ephemera, oral histories, maps, motion pictures, sound recordings, typescripts, manuscripts, and other types of materials. Many items are facsimiles of photos, documents, and newspapers."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_93518063762d4bcef4eb8598eb8cce65\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\"\u003eWest Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. 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