{"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1992\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Sub-series\u0026page=5","prev":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1992\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Sub-series\u0026page=4","next":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1992\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Sub-series\u0026page=6","last":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1992\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Sub-series\u0026page=171"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":5,"next_page":6,"prev_page":4,"total_pages":171,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":40,"total_count":1710,"first_page?":false,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"viu_repositories_7_resources_212_c12_c01","type":"Sub-Series","attributes":{"title":"Alpha Omega Alpha, 1919/2017","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_7_resources_212_c12_c01#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viu_repositories_7_resources_212_c12_c01","ref_ssm":["viu_repositories_7_resources_212_c12_c01"],"id":"viu_repositories_7_resources_212_c12_c01","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_7_resources_212","_root_":"viu_repositories_7_resources_212","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_7_resources_212_c12","parent_ssi":"viu_repositories_7_resources_212_c12","parent_ssim":["University of Virginia School of Medicine records, 1825/2020","Student organization records and publications"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viu_repositories_7_resources_212","viu_repositories_7_resources_212_c12"],"title_filing_ssi":"Alpha Omega Alpha","title_ssm":["Alpha Omega Alpha"],"title_tesim":["Alpha Omega Alpha"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Alpha Omega Alpha, 1919/2017"],"text":["Alpha Omega Alpha, 1919/2017","University of Virginia School of Medicine records, 1825/2020","Student organization records and publications","Alpha Omega Alpha was founded in 1902 and is the national medical honor society. It started at the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Chicago when a small number of medical students, led by William Webster Root, wanted to foster professional values and good conduct in fellow medical students and sometimes in their faculty. Modeled after Phi Beta Kappa, they stated that membership in the new society would be based on both academic achievement and professional conduct.","By 2012 there were more than 130 chapters in medical schools throughout the United Sates. The AOA mission statement found on their website indicates that it is \"dedicated to the belief that in the profession of medicine we will improve care for all by recognizing high educational achievement, honoring gifted teaching, encouraging the development of leaders in academia and the community, supporting the ideals of humanism, and promoting service to others.\"","The University of Virginia chapter started in 1919 and was the 23rd member. The first school in Virginia to join, its chapter is named Alpha Virginia. Each chapter may elect to membership no more than one-sixth of the anticipated number of graduates. Those elected must come from the top quartile of students academically. According to the UVa School of Medicine Student Handbook on the SOM website, those chosen from UVa must not only exhibit the necessary academic attainment, but also leadership, professionalism, a sense of ethics, promise of future success in medicine, and commitment to service. At UVa generally 6-9 students are elected by their peers after their second year, and another 17 or so are elected after their third year.","Three volumes from to the Alpha Omega Alpha records were originally processed as a distinct collection, labelled MS-53. These three volumes consisted of a chapter roll and minutes book from 1919 to 1955, a roll and minutes book from 1955 to 1969, and a treasurer's ledger covering 1922 to 1978."],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["University of Virginia School of Medicine records, 1825/2020","Student organization records and publications"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["University of Virginia School of Medicine records, 1825/2020","Student organization records and publications"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1919/2017"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1919-2017"],"level_ssm":["Sub-Series"],"level_ssim":["Sub-series"],"component_level_isim":[2],"sort_isi":567,"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"collection_ssim":["University of Virginia School of Medicine records, 1825/2020"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":9,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["There are no restrictions on access to student organization records and student publications."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Copyright restrictions may apply."],"date_range_isim":[1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\nAlpha Omega Alpha was founded in 1902 and is the national medical honor society. It started at the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Chicago when a small number of medical students, led by William Webster Root, wanted to foster professional values and good conduct in fellow medical students and sometimes in their faculty. Modeled after Phi Beta Kappa, they stated that membership in the new society would be based on both academic achievement and professional conduct.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nBy 2012 there were more than 130 chapters in medical schools throughout the United Sates. The AOA mission statement found on their website indicates that it is \"dedicated to the belief that in the profession of medicine we will improve care for all by recognizing high educational achievement, honoring gifted teaching, encouraging the development of leaders in academia and the community, supporting the ideals of humanism, and promoting service to others.\"\n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nThe University of Virginia chapter started in 1919 and was the 23rd member. The first school in Virginia to join, its chapter is named Alpha Virginia. Each chapter may elect to membership no more than one-sixth of the anticipated number of graduates. Those elected must come from the top quartile of students academically. According to the UVa School of Medicine Student Handbook on the SOM website, those chosen from UVa must not only exhibit the necessary academic attainment, but also leadership, professionalism, a sense of ethics, promise of future success in medicine, and commitment to service. At UVa generally 6-9 students are elected by their peers after their second year, and another 17 or so are elected after their third year.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Alpha Omega Alpha was founded in 1902 and is the national medical honor society. It started at the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Chicago when a small number of medical students, led by William Webster Root, wanted to foster professional values and good conduct in fellow medical students and sometimes in their faculty. Modeled after Phi Beta Kappa, they stated that membership in the new society would be based on both academic achievement and professional conduct.","By 2012 there were more than 130 chapters in medical schools throughout the United Sates. The AOA mission statement found on their website indicates that it is \"dedicated to the belief that in the profession of medicine we will improve care for all by recognizing high educational achievement, honoring gifted teaching, encouraging the development of leaders in academia and the community, supporting the ideals of humanism, and promoting service to others.\"","The University of Virginia chapter started in 1919 and was the 23rd member. The first school in Virginia to join, its chapter is named Alpha Virginia. Each chapter may elect to membership no more than one-sixth of the anticipated number of graduates. Those elected must come from the top quartile of students academically. According to the UVa School of Medicine Student Handbook on the SOM website, those chosen from UVa must not only exhibit the necessary academic attainment, but also leadership, professionalism, a sense of ethics, promise of future success in medicine, and commitment to service. At UVa generally 6-9 students are elected by their peers after their second year, and another 17 or so are elected after their third year."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThree volumes from to the Alpha Omega Alpha records were originally processed as a distinct collection, labelled MS-53. These three volumes consisted of a chapter roll and minutes book from 1919 to 1955, a roll and minutes book from 1955 to 1969, and a treasurer's ledger covering 1922 to 1978.\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["General"],"odd_tesim":["Three volumes from to the Alpha Omega Alpha records were originally processed as a distinct collection, labelled MS-53. These three volumes consisted of a chapter roll and minutes book from 1919 to 1955, a roll and minutes book from 1955 to 1969, and a treasurer's ledger covering 1922 to 1978."],"_nest_path_":"/components#11/components#0","timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:55:09.453Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_7_resources_212","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_7_resources_212","_root_":"viu_repositories_7_resources_212","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_7_resources_212","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_7_resources_212.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/142986","title_ssm":["University of Virginia School of Medicine records"],"title_tesim":["University of Virginia School of Medicine records"],"unitdate_ssm":["1825-present"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1825-present"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1825/2020"],"normalized_title_ssm":["University of Virginia School of Medicine records, 1825/2020"],"text":["University of Virginia School of Medicine records, 1825/2020","RG.17.1","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/7/resources/212","University of Virginia","All materials in this collection are available for public access unless otherwise noted. Restrictions on access are made in accordance with the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA), the Virginia Freedom of Information Act, and any related policies or regulations.","The UVA School of Medicine records (RG-17-1) is part of a larger records group for the UVA Health System (RG-17). The School of Medicine records are further arranged into subdivisions, generally based on format. These subdivisions in many cases were chosen to reflect the Records Retention and Disposition Schedules Record Series maintained by the Library of Virginia (LVA); however, in some cases subdivisions do no have clear equivalents in the LVA schema. Some subdivisions (noted as \"Series\" in ArchivesSpace) are further divided into Sub-Series). Files are arranged alphabetically, by date, or by some other system best-suited to the contents.","Subdivisions in use for the UVA Health System records (RG-17) are listed below:","Department and Legacy Collections\nAnnual Reports\nCorrespondence and Subject Files of Selected Deans [Not currently included in RG-17-1]\nCorrespondence and Subject Files of Major Department Heads\nCommencement Records\nPlanning Documents and Reports\nMotion Pictures [Not currently included in RG-17-1]\nFinal Accreditation Files\nPhotographs, Slides, and Negatives\nPublic Relations Files [Not currently included in RG-17-1]\nPublications\nAudiovisual Recordings [Not currently included in RG-17-1]\nFinal Research Reports [Not currently included in RG-17-1]\nStudent Organization Records and Publications\nWebpages\nOrganizational Charts\nPolicies, Procedures, and Handbooks\nSyllabi and Other Course Materials\nMajor Donor Records [Not included in RG-17-1]\nFundraising Planning and Reporting [Not currently included in RG-17-1]\nTrust and Endowment Records [Not currently included in RG-17-1]\nCourse Schedules and Catalogs\nLibrary Accession Records [Not currently included in RG-17-1]\nLibrary Deaccessioning Records [Not currently included in RG-17-1]\nAdmissions Publications\nFoundation Agreements and Management Reports\nFinal Budget [Not currently included in RG-17-1]\nConference Programs and Reports\nLegacy Patient Records [Not currently included in RG-17-1]\nHistories and Biographical Files\nManagement Reports\nOther Reports (Historically Significant)\nMedical Student Records\nDirectories\nMeeting Minutes\nAwards and Honors\nLectures and Presentations\nRoll Books [Not currently included in RG-17-1]\nOther Logs and Ledgers [Not currently included in RG-17-1]\nExhibit Materials [Not currently included in RG-17-1]","Historical Overview of the School of Medicine","The School of Medicine* at the University of Virginia has been a key part of the University since its establishment in 1819 by Thomas Jefferson. In his early plans, Jefferson recommended the creation of a School of Anatomy and Medicine with a rigorous academic model, where students could attain medical education in nine months, a term that was twice as long as many schools at the time. Students would read, attend lectures, and watch demonstrations, but there would be few opportunities for them to work firsthand with patients, because there was no teaching hospital in Charlottesville. When the University opened its doors to students in 1825, Dr. Robley Dunglison taught all of the classes offered by the School of Anatomy and Medicine. Beginning in 1827, medical classes were held in the Anatomical Theatre, a building designed by Jefferson (though completed after his death) to accomodate a space for anatomical dissections. The study of anatomy was an important piece of early medical education; however, there was no systematic way for medical schools to obtain bodies for dissection prior to the Virginia Anatomical Act of 1884, and so cadavers were frequently procured through illegal and unethical means. Often this involved body snatching from local graves, most commonly those found in cemeteries of Virginia's slave, free black, and poor white populations.","Dunglison remained at UVA until 1833, and during that time he persuaded the UVA Board of Visitors to hire additional faculty for his medical department. In the mid-19th century, the UVA medical school was known for providing a good theoretical education. Academic activities were largely stagnant during the years of the Civil War, when Professor of Anatomy and Surgery James L. Cabell oversaw a Confederate military hospital erected in part on the Grounds of UVA, and later when Charlottesville was occupied by Union troops at the end of the war. In the decades after the Civil War, a period of biomedical revolution began to redefine the practice of medicine. In response, UVA initiated educational reforms to its medical curriculum, gradually lengthening the degree program to four years by the end of the 19th century, and introducing coursework in new fields like bacteriology and histology. In order to create increasingly important clinical opportunities for students, UVA committed to building its own facilities, including a dispensary for out-patient care in 1892 and finally a hospital, which opened in 1901. While science and medicine had entered a period of dramatic revolution, social systems were less inclined to evolve, and access to medical education at UVA remained restricted for many members of the population.","In the early 20th century, the University of Virginia was transforming into a modern university, dedicated to both education and research. At the center of this change were UVA's health sciences programs. The University invested heavily in the School of Medicine, increasing the number of faculty in order to support emerging medical specialties and a new research mission. This period was also marked by the culmination of a fierce debate over the dual existence of state-supported medical programs in both Charlottesville and Richmond, VA. In 1921, a state-appointed commission recommended the relocation of the UVA School of Medicine to Richmond. UVA mobilized alumni and recruited political allies in order to wage a fierce campaign for the preservation of its medical program. They were ultimately successful, with the General Assembly deciding in favor of UVA. The period that followed was marked by continued expansion to the University's academic medical center, including greater specialization across the field of medicine and an increase of students, faculty, and associated personnel throughout the health sciences programs.","Also of note during this time, in 1920 a resolution of the UVA Board of Visitors agreed to admit women into graduate and professional degree programs at UVA. The first woman to graduate from the School of Medicine, Sarah Ruth Dean, a transfer student, did so in 1922. In 1924, Lila Morse Bonner became the second woman to graduate from the School of Medicine and the first to attend all four years of medical school at UVA.","By the 1940s, public confidence in the health professions was strong among much of the U.S. public. After World War II, there was broad support for wider investment in academic medical centers. At UVA, federal grants were used to build new facilities, including the construction of a multi-story hospital tower. However, also at this time, access to education, employment opportunities, and health care at UVA continued to be unequal. With the rise of the Civil Rights movement, a combination of factors including, community activism, federal legislation, and court rulings compelled the University to start removing barriers to access. In 1953, Edward Bertram Nash and Edward Thomas Wood became the first two African Americans to be admitted to the UVA School of Medicine. Both went on to graduate in 1957.","Throughout the second half of the 20th century, the UVA health system continued to expand. A new medical education building was dedicated in 1972. (Originally named for Harvey E. Jordan, a former Dean of the School of Medicine and known proponent of eugenics; the building was renamed in honor of Dr. Vivian W. Pinn in 2016). This era of expansion also saw the opening of a nursing education building, health sciences library, primary care center, and finally, in 1989, a massive new hospital building. The 1980s and 1990s also saw efforts at the School of Medicine to increase access to the health professions among under-represented groups, including women and people of color.","Rapid developments in the health sciences continued to demand new facilities for research and education. The Claude Moore Medical Education Building opened as the new central location for the School of Medicine in 2010. Also in 2010, the School of Medicine launched a four college system, designed to preserve close student-faculty relationships and maintain a high-quality student experience while accommodating increased medical class size and a revised curriculum. Ten years later, the School of Medicine embraced further expansions with the launch of its Inova Campus in Northern Virginia, which provides clerkship opportunities for some upperclass medical students. The first cohort to spend their third and fourth years of medical school at the Northern Virginia campus arrived there in 2021.","*Note about naming conventions: Briefly known as the \"School of Anatomy and Medicine\" (1825-1827), the name \"School of Medicine\" was adopted by the Board of Visitors in July 1827. However, shortly later the name \"Department of Medicine\" came to be used (though some records still refer to the institution as \"School of Medicine\"). By the 1950s, the preferred name was again \"School of Medicine\".","Deans of the UVA School of Medicine","Richard Henry Whitehead, MD, 1905-1916\nTheodore Hough, PhD, [Acting Dean: 1916-1917], 1917-1924\nJames Caroll Flippin, MD, [Acting Dean: 1925-1927] 1927-1939\nHarvey Ernest Jordan, PhD, 1939-1949\nVernon W. Lippard, MD, 1949-1953\nThomas Harrison Hunter, MD, 1953-1964 [Leave of Absence: 1962-1964]\nKenneth R. Crispell, MD, [Acting Dean: 1962-1964], 1964-1971\nJames T. Hamlin III, MD, [Acting Dean: 1971-1972]\nWilliam R. Drucker, MD, 1972-1977\nNorman J. Knorr, MD, 1977-1986\nRobert M. Carey, MD, 1986-2002\nArthur \"Tim\" Garson Jr., MD, MPH 2002-2007\nSharon L. Hostler, MD, Interim Dean: 2007-2008\nSteven T. DeKosky, MD, 2008-2013\nNancy E. Dunlap, MD, PhD, 2013-2014\nRandolph J. Canterbury, MD, Interim Dean: 2014-2015\nDavid S. Wilkes, MD, 2015-2021\nMelina R. Kibbe, MD, 2021-","Prior to Richard Henry Whitehead's appointment by the Board of Visitors to the position of Dean of the Medical Faculty (as found in the UVA Board of Visitors Meeting Minutes, July 20, 1905), the position of Dean at the UVA School of Medicine was not in use. The appointment dates listed above are derived from the Board of Visitors Meeting Minutes.","Potentially Harmful Materials Statement:\nMaterials in this collection may contain distressing or disturbing content in a written, visual, or/and audiovisual format. Viewers should proceed with caution.","RG-17-1 includes records from multiple legacy collections held by the Claude Moore Health Sciences Library, including the UVA School of Medicine Reports (MS-66), UVA School of Medicine Biographical Files (MS-36), UVA Hospital Professional Staff Files (MS-25), UVA School of Medicine Chapter of Alpha Omega Alpha records (MS-53), and UVA Department of Medicine Housestaff and Chief Residents Photograph collection (MS-62). RG-17-1 also includes materials previously cataloged as separate items in Virgo (such as journals, newsletters, and reports), and materials from semi-processed legacy accessions, including the UVA School of Medicine Council on Medical Education records (Viuh-2015-26), UVA School of Medicine Faculty Files (Viuh-2015-27), and UVA School of Medicine Faculty Minutes (Viuh-2015-28). Bound materials are housed separately from the rest of the collection, and are generally referenced by individual item records (e.g. \"BIR-100\").","Materials found within the RG-17 classifications are frequently inter-related. Researchers of RG-17-1 UVA School of Medicine records may also want to consult: RG-17-2 UVA Medical Center records, RG-17-3 UVA School of Nursing records, RG-17-4 Claude Moore Health Sciences Library records, RG-17-5 Office of the Vice President for Health Affairs records, and RG-17-6 Department of Student Health records. [Some of these materials may not be currently available. All finding aids are works-in-progress.]","The UVA School of Medicine records primarily document the history of the School at all levels of the organization during the 20th and 21st centuries.","Administrative records, including annual reports, meeting minutes, planning documents policies, and other materials, document operations, strategic initiatives, and decision making.","Communications records, including newsletters, blogs, websites, pamphlets, publications, and recordings, document events and public relations work.","Medical education and research records, including accreditation files, student records, syllabi, course catalogs, student organization records, commencement records, lectures, and conference reports, document the School's primary missions.","The collection includes a number of records previously described elsewhere (e.g. as part of a former archival collection or as an indiviudal item described in the Library catalog). Among these are a large group of bound items.","The UVA School of Medicine continues to transfer analog and digital records to the Claude Moore Health Sciences Library for inclusion in this collection.","Unless otherwise noted, the University of Virginia owns the copyright to the materials in this collection that have not yet entered the public domain. You are free to use collection materials in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s).","Note: Oversize materials are located on Row 19, located behind Row 1.","Claude Moore Health Sciences Library","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["University of Virginia School of Medicine records, 1825/2020"],"collection_ssim":["University of Virginia School of Medicine records, 1825/2020"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["RG.17.1","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/7/resources/212"],"unitid_tesim":["RG.17.1","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/7/resources/212"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Claude Moore Health Sciences Library"],"creators_ssim":["Claude Moore Health Sciences Library"],"access_terms_ssm":["Unless otherwise noted, the University of Virginia owns the copyright to the materials in this collection that have not yet entered the public domain. You are free to use collection materials in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s)."],"access_subjects_ssim":["University of Virginia"],"access_subjects_ssm":["University of Virginia"],"has_online_content_ssim":["true"],"extent_ssm":["71 Linear Feet 11 Records boxes, 76 document boxes, and (approximately) 22 linear feet of bound material."],"extent_tesim":["71 Linear Feet 11 Records boxes, 76 document boxes, and (approximately) 22 linear feet of bound material."],"date_range_isim":[1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018,2019,2020],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAll materials in this collection are available for public access unless otherwise noted. Restrictions on access are made in accordance with the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA), the Virginia Freedom of Information Act, and any related policies or regulations.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["All materials in this collection are available for public access unless otherwise noted. Restrictions on access are made in accordance with the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA), the Virginia Freedom of Information Act, and any related policies or regulations."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\nThe UVA School of Medicine records (RG-17-1) is part of a larger records group for the UVA Health System (RG-17). The School of Medicine records are further arranged into subdivisions, generally based on format. These subdivisions in many cases were chosen to reflect the Records Retention and Disposition Schedules Record Series maintained by the Library of Virginia (LVA); however, in some cases subdivisions do no have clear equivalents in the LVA schema. Some subdivisions (noted as \"Series\" in ArchivesSpace) are further divided into Sub-Series). Files are arranged alphabetically, by date, or by some other system best-suited to the contents.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSubdivisions in use for the UVA Health System records (RG-17) are listed below:\n\u003c/p\u003e\n\n","\u003col\u003e\n\u003cil\u003eDepartment and Legacy Collections\u003c/il\u003e\n\u003cil\u003eAnnual Reports\u003c/il\u003e\n\u003cil\u003eCorrespondence and Subject Files of Selected Deans [Not currently included in RG-17-1]\u003c/il\u003e\n\u003cil\u003eCorrespondence and Subject Files of Major Department Heads\u003c/il\u003e\n\u003cil\u003eCommencement Records\u003c/il\u003e\n\u003cil\u003ePlanning Documents and Reports\u003c/il\u003e\n\u003cil\u003eMotion Pictures [Not currently included in RG-17-1]\u003c/il\u003e\n\u003cil\u003eFinal Accreditation Files\u003c/il\u003e\n\u003cil\u003ePhotographs, Slides, and Negatives\u003c/il\u003e\n\u003cil\u003ePublic Relations Files [Not currently included in RG-17-1]\u003c/il\u003e\n\u003cil\u003ePublications\u003c/il\u003e\n\u003cil\u003eAudiovisual Recordings [Not currently included in RG-17-1]\u003c/il\u003e\n\u003cil\u003eFinal Research Reports [Not currently included in RG-17-1]\u003c/il\u003e\n\u003cil\u003eStudent Organization Records and Publications\u003c/il\u003e\n\u003cil\u003eWebpages\u003c/il\u003e\n\u003cil\u003eOrganizational Charts\u003c/il\u003e\n\u003cil\u003ePolicies, Procedures, and Handbooks\u003c/il\u003e\n\u003cil\u003eSyllabi and Other Course Materials\u003c/il\u003e\n\u003cil\u003eMajor Donor Records [Not included in RG-17-1]\u003c/il\u003e\n\u003cil\u003eFundraising Planning and Reporting [Not currently included in RG-17-1]\u003c/il\u003e\n\u003cil\u003eTrust and Endowment Records [Not currently included in RG-17-1]\u003c/il\u003e\n\u003cil\u003eCourse Schedules and Catalogs\u003c/il\u003e\n\u003cil\u003eLibrary Accession Records [Not currently included in RG-17-1]\u003c/il\u003e\n\u003cil\u003eLibrary Deaccessioning Records [Not currently included in RG-17-1]\u003c/il\u003e\n\u003cil\u003eAdmissions Publications\u003c/il\u003e\n\u003cil\u003eFoundation Agreements and Management Reports\u003c/il\u003e\n\u003cil\u003eFinal Budget [Not currently included in RG-17-1]\u003c/il\u003e\n\u003cil\u003eConference Programs and Reports\u003c/il\u003e\n\u003cil\u003eLegacy Patient Records [Not currently included in RG-17-1]\u003c/il\u003e\n\u003cil\u003eHistories and Biographical Files\u003c/il\u003e\n\u003cil\u003eManagement Reports\u003c/il\u003e\n\u003cil\u003eOther Reports (Historically Significant)\u003c/il\u003e\n\u003cil\u003eMedical Student Records\u003c/il\u003e\n\u003cil\u003eDirectories\u003c/il\u003e\n\u003cil\u003eMeeting Minutes\u003c/il\u003e\n\u003cil\u003eAwards and Honors\u003c/il\u003e\n\u003cil\u003eLectures and Presentations\u003c/il\u003e\n\u003cil\u003eRoll Books [Not currently included in RG-17-1]\u003c/il\u003e\n\u003cil\u003eOther Logs and Ledgers [Not currently included in RG-17-1]\u003c/il\u003e\n\u003cil\u003eExhibit Materials [Not currently included in RG-17-1]\u003c/il\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The UVA School of Medicine records (RG-17-1) is part of a larger records group for the UVA Health System (RG-17). The School of Medicine records are further arranged into subdivisions, generally based on format. These subdivisions in many cases were chosen to reflect the Records Retention and Disposition Schedules Record Series maintained by the Library of Virginia (LVA); however, in some cases subdivisions do no have clear equivalents in the LVA schema. Some subdivisions (noted as \"Series\" in ArchivesSpace) are further divided into Sub-Series). Files are arranged alphabetically, by date, or by some other system best-suited to the contents.","Subdivisions in use for the UVA Health System records (RG-17) are listed below:","Department and Legacy Collections\nAnnual Reports\nCorrespondence and Subject Files of Selected Deans [Not currently included in RG-17-1]\nCorrespondence and Subject Files of Major Department Heads\nCommencement Records\nPlanning Documents and Reports\nMotion Pictures [Not currently included in RG-17-1]\nFinal Accreditation Files\nPhotographs, Slides, and Negatives\nPublic Relations Files [Not currently included in RG-17-1]\nPublications\nAudiovisual Recordings [Not currently included in RG-17-1]\nFinal Research Reports [Not currently included in RG-17-1]\nStudent Organization Records and Publications\nWebpages\nOrganizational Charts\nPolicies, Procedures, and Handbooks\nSyllabi and Other Course Materials\nMajor Donor Records [Not included in RG-17-1]\nFundraising Planning and Reporting [Not currently included in RG-17-1]\nTrust and Endowment Records [Not currently included in RG-17-1]\nCourse Schedules and Catalogs\nLibrary Accession Records [Not currently included in RG-17-1]\nLibrary Deaccessioning Records [Not currently included in RG-17-1]\nAdmissions Publications\nFoundation Agreements and Management Reports\nFinal Budget [Not currently included in RG-17-1]\nConference Programs and Reports\nLegacy Patient Records [Not currently included in RG-17-1]\nHistories and Biographical Files\nManagement Reports\nOther Reports (Historically Significant)\nMedical Student Records\nDirectories\nMeeting Minutes\nAwards and Honors\nLectures and Presentations\nRoll Books [Not currently included in RG-17-1]\nOther Logs and Ledgers [Not currently included in RG-17-1]\nExhibit Materials [Not currently included in RG-17-1]"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eHistorical Overview of the School of Medicine\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cbr\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nThe School of Medicine* at the University of Virginia has been a key part of the University since its establishment in 1819 by Thomas Jefferson. In his early plans, Jefferson recommended the creation of a School of Anatomy and Medicine with a rigorous academic model, where students could attain medical education in nine months, a term that was twice as long as many schools at the time. Students would read, attend lectures, and watch demonstrations, but there would be few opportunities for them to work firsthand with patients, because there was no teaching hospital in Charlottesville. When the University opened its doors to students in 1825, Dr. Robley Dunglison taught all of the classes offered by the School of Anatomy and Medicine. Beginning in 1827, medical classes were held in the Anatomical Theatre, a building designed by Jefferson (though completed after his death) to accomodate a space for anatomical dissections. The study of anatomy was an important piece of early medical education; however, there was no systematic way for medical schools to obtain bodies for dissection prior to the Virginia Anatomical Act of 1884, and so cadavers were frequently procured through illegal and unethical means. Often this involved body snatching from local graves, most commonly those found in cemeteries of Virginia's slave, free black, and poor white populations. \n\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cbr\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nDunglison remained at UVA until 1833, and during that time he persuaded the UVA Board of Visitors to hire additional faculty for his medical department. In the mid-19th century, the UVA medical school was known for providing a good theoretical education. Academic activities were largely stagnant during the years of the Civil War, when Professor of Anatomy and Surgery James L. Cabell oversaw a Confederate military hospital erected in part on the Grounds of UVA, and later when Charlottesville was occupied by Union troops at the end of the war. In the decades after the Civil War, a period of biomedical revolution began to redefine the practice of medicine. In response, UVA initiated educational reforms to its medical curriculum, gradually lengthening the degree program to four years by the end of the 19th century, and introducing coursework in new fields like bacteriology and histology. In order to create increasingly important clinical opportunities for students, UVA committed to building its own facilities, including a dispensary for out-patient care in 1892 and finally a hospital, which opened in 1901. While science and medicine had entered a period of dramatic revolution, social systems were less inclined to evolve, and access to medical education at UVA remained restricted for many members of the population.\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cbr\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nIn the early 20th century, the University of Virginia was transforming into a modern university, dedicated to both education and research. At the center of this change were UVA's health sciences programs. The University invested heavily in the School of Medicine, increasing the number of faculty in order to support emerging medical specialties and a new research mission. This period was also marked by the culmination of a fierce debate over the dual existence of state-supported medical programs in both Charlottesville and Richmond, VA. In 1921, a state-appointed commission recommended the relocation of the UVA School of Medicine to Richmond. UVA mobilized alumni and recruited political allies in order to wage a fierce campaign for the preservation of its medical program. They were ultimately successful, with the General Assembly deciding in favor of UVA. The period that followed was marked by continued expansion to the University's academic medical center, including greater specialization across the field of medicine and an increase of students, faculty, and associated personnel throughout the health sciences programs.\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cbr\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nAlso of note during this time, in 1920 a resolution of the UVA Board of Visitors agreed to admit women into graduate and professional degree programs at UVA. The first woman to graduate from the School of Medicine, Sarah Ruth Dean, a transfer student, did so in 1922. In 1924, Lila Morse Bonner became the second woman to graduate from the School of Medicine and the first to attend all four years of medical school at UVA.\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cbr\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nBy the 1940s, public confidence in the health professions was strong among much of the U.S. public. After World War II, there was broad support for wider investment in academic medical centers. At UVA, federal grants were used to build new facilities, including the construction of a multi-story hospital tower. However, also at this time, access to education, employment opportunities, and health care at UVA continued to be unequal. With the rise of the Civil Rights movement, a combination of factors including, community activism, federal legislation, and court rulings compelled the University to start removing barriers to access. In 1953, Edward Bertram Nash and Edward Thomas Wood became the first two African Americans to be admitted to the UVA School of Medicine. Both went on to graduate in 1957.\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cbr\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThroughout the second half of the 20th century, the UVA health system continued to expand. A new medical education building was dedicated in 1972. (Originally named for Harvey E. Jordan, a former Dean of the School of Medicine and known proponent of eugenics; the building was renamed in honor of Dr. Vivian W. Pinn in 2016). This era of expansion also saw the opening of a nursing education building, health sciences library, primary care center, and finally, in 1989, a massive new hospital building. The 1980s and 1990s also saw efforts at the School of Medicine to increase access to the health professions among under-represented groups, including women and people of color.\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cbr\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nRapid developments in the health sciences continued to demand new facilities for research and education. The Claude Moore Medical Education Building opened as the new central location for the School of Medicine in 2010. Also in 2010, the School of Medicine launched a four college system, designed to preserve close student-faculty relationships and maintain a high-quality student experience while accommodating increased medical class size and a revised curriculum. Ten years later, the School of Medicine embraced further expansions with the launch of its Inova Campus in Northern Virginia, which provides clerkship opportunities for some upperclass medical students. The first cohort to spend their third and fourth years of medical school at the Northern Virginia campus arrived there in 2021.\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cbr\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\n*Note about naming conventions: Briefly known as the \"School of Anatomy and Medicine\" (1825-1827), the name \"School of Medicine\" was adopted by the Board of Visitors in July 1827. However, shortly later the name \"Department of Medicine\" came to be used (though some records still refer to the institution as \"School of Medicine\"). By the 1950s, the preferred name was again \"School of Medicine\". \n\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003e\nDeans of the UVA School of Medicine\n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cil\u003eRichard Henry Whitehead, MD, 1905-1916\u003c/il\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cil\u003eTheodore Hough, PhD, [Acting Dean: 1916-1917], 1917-1924\u003c/il\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cil\u003eJames Caroll Flippin, MD, [Acting Dean: 1925-1927] 1927-1939\u003c/il\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cil\u003eHarvey Ernest Jordan, PhD, 1939-1949\u003c/il\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cil\u003eVernon W. Lippard, MD, 1949-1953\u003c/il\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cil\u003eThomas Harrison Hunter, MD, 1953-1964 [Leave of Absence: 1962-1964]\u003c/il\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cil\u003eKenneth R. Crispell, MD, [Acting Dean: 1962-1964], 1964-1971\u003c/il\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cil\u003eJames T. Hamlin III, MD, [Acting Dean: 1971-1972]\u003c/il\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cil\u003eWilliam R. Drucker, MD, 1972-1977\u003c/il\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cil\u003eNorman J. Knorr, MD, 1977-1986\u003c/il\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cil\u003eRobert M. Carey, MD, 1986-2002\u003c/il\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cil\u003eArthur \"Tim\" Garson Jr., MD, MPH 2002-2007\u003c/il\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cil\u003eSharon L. Hostler, MD, Interim Dean: 2007-2008\u003c/il\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cil\u003eSteven T. DeKosky, MD, 2008-2013\u003c/il\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cil\u003eNancy E. Dunlap, MD, PhD, 2013-2014\u003c/il\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cil\u003eRandolph J. Canterbury, MD, Interim Dean: 2014-2015\u003c/il\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cil\u003eDavid S. Wilkes, MD, 2015-2021\u003c/il\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cil\u003eMelina R. Kibbe, MD, 2021-\u003c/il\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nPrior to Richard Henry Whitehead's appointment by the Board of Visitors to the position of Dean of the Medical Faculty (as found in the UVA Board of Visitors Meeting Minutes, July 20, 1905), the position of Dean at the UVA School of Medicine was not in use. The appointment dates listed above are derived from the Board of Visitors Meeting Minutes.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Historical Overview of the School of Medicine","The School of Medicine* at the University of Virginia has been a key part of the University since its establishment in 1819 by Thomas Jefferson. In his early plans, Jefferson recommended the creation of a School of Anatomy and Medicine with a rigorous academic model, where students could attain medical education in nine months, a term that was twice as long as many schools at the time. Students would read, attend lectures, and watch demonstrations, but there would be few opportunities for them to work firsthand with patients, because there was no teaching hospital in Charlottesville. When the University opened its doors to students in 1825, Dr. Robley Dunglison taught all of the classes offered by the School of Anatomy and Medicine. Beginning in 1827, medical classes were held in the Anatomical Theatre, a building designed by Jefferson (though completed after his death) to accomodate a space for anatomical dissections. The study of anatomy was an important piece of early medical education; however, there was no systematic way for medical schools to obtain bodies for dissection prior to the Virginia Anatomical Act of 1884, and so cadavers were frequently procured through illegal and unethical means. Often this involved body snatching from local graves, most commonly those found in cemeteries of Virginia's slave, free black, and poor white populations.","Dunglison remained at UVA until 1833, and during that time he persuaded the UVA Board of Visitors to hire additional faculty for his medical department. In the mid-19th century, the UVA medical school was known for providing a good theoretical education. Academic activities were largely stagnant during the years of the Civil War, when Professor of Anatomy and Surgery James L. Cabell oversaw a Confederate military hospital erected in part on the Grounds of UVA, and later when Charlottesville was occupied by Union troops at the end of the war. In the decades after the Civil War, a period of biomedical revolution began to redefine the practice of medicine. In response, UVA initiated educational reforms to its medical curriculum, gradually lengthening the degree program to four years by the end of the 19th century, and introducing coursework in new fields like bacteriology and histology. In order to create increasingly important clinical opportunities for students, UVA committed to building its own facilities, including a dispensary for out-patient care in 1892 and finally a hospital, which opened in 1901. While science and medicine had entered a period of dramatic revolution, social systems were less inclined to evolve, and access to medical education at UVA remained restricted for many members of the population.","In the early 20th century, the University of Virginia was transforming into a modern university, dedicated to both education and research. At the center of this change were UVA's health sciences programs. The University invested heavily in the School of Medicine, increasing the number of faculty in order to support emerging medical specialties and a new research mission. This period was also marked by the culmination of a fierce debate over the dual existence of state-supported medical programs in both Charlottesville and Richmond, VA. In 1921, a state-appointed commission recommended the relocation of the UVA School of Medicine to Richmond. UVA mobilized alumni and recruited political allies in order to wage a fierce campaign for the preservation of its medical program. They were ultimately successful, with the General Assembly deciding in favor of UVA. The period that followed was marked by continued expansion to the University's academic medical center, including greater specialization across the field of medicine and an increase of students, faculty, and associated personnel throughout the health sciences programs.","Also of note during this time, in 1920 a resolution of the UVA Board of Visitors agreed to admit women into graduate and professional degree programs at UVA. The first woman to graduate from the School of Medicine, Sarah Ruth Dean, a transfer student, did so in 1922. In 1924, Lila Morse Bonner became the second woman to graduate from the School of Medicine and the first to attend all four years of medical school at UVA.","By the 1940s, public confidence in the health professions was strong among much of the U.S. public. After World War II, there was broad support for wider investment in academic medical centers. At UVA, federal grants were used to build new facilities, including the construction of a multi-story hospital tower. However, also at this time, access to education, employment opportunities, and health care at UVA continued to be unequal. With the rise of the Civil Rights movement, a combination of factors including, community activism, federal legislation, and court rulings compelled the University to start removing barriers to access. In 1953, Edward Bertram Nash and Edward Thomas Wood became the first two African Americans to be admitted to the UVA School of Medicine. Both went on to graduate in 1957.","Throughout the second half of the 20th century, the UVA health system continued to expand. A new medical education building was dedicated in 1972. (Originally named for Harvey E. Jordan, a former Dean of the School of Medicine and known proponent of eugenics; the building was renamed in honor of Dr. Vivian W. Pinn in 2016). This era of expansion also saw the opening of a nursing education building, health sciences library, primary care center, and finally, in 1989, a massive new hospital building. The 1980s and 1990s also saw efforts at the School of Medicine to increase access to the health professions among under-represented groups, including women and people of color.","Rapid developments in the health sciences continued to demand new facilities for research and education. The Claude Moore Medical Education Building opened as the new central location for the School of Medicine in 2010. Also in 2010, the School of Medicine launched a four college system, designed to preserve close student-faculty relationships and maintain a high-quality student experience while accommodating increased medical class size and a revised curriculum. Ten years later, the School of Medicine embraced further expansions with the launch of its Inova Campus in Northern Virginia, which provides clerkship opportunities for some upperclass medical students. The first cohort to spend their third and fourth years of medical school at the Northern Virginia campus arrived there in 2021.","*Note about naming conventions: Briefly known as the \"School of Anatomy and Medicine\" (1825-1827), the name \"School of Medicine\" was adopted by the Board of Visitors in July 1827. However, shortly later the name \"Department of Medicine\" came to be used (though some records still refer to the institution as \"School of Medicine\"). By the 1950s, the preferred name was again \"School of Medicine\".","Deans of the UVA School of Medicine","Richard Henry Whitehead, MD, 1905-1916\nTheodore Hough, PhD, [Acting Dean: 1916-1917], 1917-1924\nJames Caroll Flippin, MD, [Acting Dean: 1925-1927] 1927-1939\nHarvey Ernest Jordan, PhD, 1939-1949\nVernon W. Lippard, MD, 1949-1953\nThomas Harrison Hunter, MD, 1953-1964 [Leave of Absence: 1962-1964]\nKenneth R. Crispell, MD, [Acting Dean: 1962-1964], 1964-1971\nJames T. Hamlin III, MD, [Acting Dean: 1971-1972]\nWilliam R. Drucker, MD, 1972-1977\nNorman J. Knorr, MD, 1977-1986\nRobert M. Carey, MD, 1986-2002\nArthur \"Tim\" Garson Jr., MD, MPH 2002-2007\nSharon L. Hostler, MD, Interim Dean: 2007-2008\nSteven T. DeKosky, MD, 2008-2013\nNancy E. Dunlap, MD, PhD, 2013-2014\nRandolph J. Canterbury, MD, Interim Dean: 2014-2015\nDavid S. Wilkes, MD, 2015-2021\nMelina R. Kibbe, MD, 2021-","Prior to Richard Henry Whitehead's appointment by the Board of Visitors to the position of Dean of the Medical Faculty (as found in the UVA Board of Visitors Meeting Minutes, July 20, 1905), the position of Dean at the UVA School of Medicine was not in use. The appointment dates listed above are derived from the Board of Visitors Meeting Minutes."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePotentially Harmful Materials Statement:\nMaterials in this collection may contain distressing or disturbing content in a written, visual, or/and audiovisual format. Viewers should proceed with caution.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"odd_heading_ssm":["General"],"odd_tesim":["Potentially Harmful Materials Statement:\nMaterials in this collection may contain distressing or disturbing content in a written, visual, or/and audiovisual format. Viewers should proceed with caution."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRG-17-1 includes records from multiple legacy collections held by the Claude Moore Health Sciences Library, including the UVA School of Medicine Reports (MS-66), UVA School of Medicine Biographical Files (MS-36), UVA Hospital Professional Staff Files (MS-25), UVA School of Medicine Chapter of Alpha Omega Alpha records (MS-53), and UVA Department of Medicine Housestaff and Chief Residents Photograph collection (MS-62). RG-17-1 also includes materials previously cataloged as separate items in Virgo (such as journals, newsletters, and reports), and materials from semi-processed legacy accessions, including the UVA School of Medicine Council on Medical Education records (Viuh-2015-26), UVA School of Medicine Faculty Files (Viuh-2015-27), and UVA School of Medicine Faculty Minutes (Viuh-2015-28). Bound materials are housed separately from the rest of the collection, and are generally referenced by individual item records (e.g. \"BIR-100\").\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["RG-17-1 includes records from multiple legacy collections held by the Claude Moore Health Sciences Library, including the UVA School of Medicine Reports (MS-66), UVA School of Medicine Biographical Files (MS-36), UVA Hospital Professional Staff Files (MS-25), UVA School of Medicine Chapter of Alpha Omega Alpha records (MS-53), and UVA Department of Medicine Housestaff and Chief Residents Photograph collection (MS-62). RG-17-1 also includes materials previously cataloged as separate items in Virgo (such as journals, newsletters, and reports), and materials from semi-processed legacy accessions, including the UVA School of Medicine Council on Medical Education records (Viuh-2015-26), UVA School of Medicine Faculty Files (Viuh-2015-27), and UVA School of Medicine Faculty Minutes (Viuh-2015-28). Bound materials are housed separately from the rest of the collection, and are generally referenced by individual item records (e.g. \"BIR-100\")."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials found within the RG-17 classifications are frequently inter-related. Researchers of RG-17-1 UVA School of Medicine records may also want to consult: RG-17-2 UVA Medical Center records, RG-17-3 UVA School of Nursing records, RG-17-4 Claude Moore Health Sciences Library records, RG-17-5 Office of the Vice President for Health Affairs records, and RG-17-6 Department of Student Health records. [Some of these materials may not be currently available. All finding aids are works-in-progress.]\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Materials found within the RG-17 classifications are frequently inter-related. Researchers of RG-17-1 UVA School of Medicine records may also want to consult: RG-17-2 UVA Medical Center records, RG-17-3 UVA School of Nursing records, RG-17-4 Claude Moore Health Sciences Library records, RG-17-5 Office of the Vice President for Health Affairs records, and RG-17-6 Department of Student Health records. [Some of these materials may not be currently available. All finding aids are works-in-progress.]"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe UVA School of Medicine records primarily document the history of the School at all levels of the organization during the 20th and 21st centuries.\u003c/p\u003e \n\n","\u003cp\u003eAdministrative records, including annual reports, meeting minutes, planning documents policies, and other materials, document operations, strategic initiatives, and decision making.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n","\u003cp\u003eCommunications records, including newsletters, blogs, websites, pamphlets, publications, and recordings, document events and public relations work.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n","\u003cp\u003eMedical education and research records, including accreditation files, student records, syllabi, course catalogs, student organization records, commencement records, lectures, and conference reports, document the School's primary missions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n","\u003cp\u003e\nThe collection includes a number of records previously described elsewhere (e.g. as part of a former archival collection or as an indiviudal item described in the Library catalog). Among these are a large group of bound items. \n\u003c/p\u003e\n\n","\u003cp\u003e\nThe UVA School of Medicine continues to transfer analog and digital records to the Claude Moore Health Sciences Library for inclusion in this collection.\n\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The UVA School of Medicine records primarily document the history of the School at all levels of the organization during the 20th and 21st centuries.","Administrative records, including annual reports, meeting minutes, planning documents policies, and other materials, document operations, strategic initiatives, and decision making.","Communications records, including newsletters, blogs, websites, pamphlets, publications, and recordings, document events and public relations work.","Medical education and research records, including accreditation files, student records, syllabi, course catalogs, student organization records, commencement records, lectures, and conference reports, document the School's primary missions.","The collection includes a number of records previously described elsewhere (e.g. as part of a former archival collection or as an indiviudal item described in the Library catalog). Among these are a large group of bound items.","The UVA School of Medicine continues to transfer analog and digital records to the Claude Moore Health Sciences Library for inclusion in this collection."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eUnless otherwise noted, the University of Virginia owns the copyright to the materials in this collection that have not yet entered the public domain. You are free to use collection materials in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Unless otherwise noted, the University of Virginia owns the copyright to the materials in this collection that have not yet entered the public domain. You are free to use collection materials in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s)."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_b76629f2a96d875f29b35869f044ff5b\"\u003eNote: Oversize materials are located on Row 19, located behind Row 1.\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["Note: Oversize materials are located on Row 19, located behind Row 1."],"corpname_ssim":["Claude Moore Health Sciences Library"],"names_ssim":["Claude Moore Health Sciences Library"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":3420,"online_item_count_is":3,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:55:09.453Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_7_resources_212_c12_c01"}},{"id":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_266_c05_c04","type":"Sub-Series","attributes":{"title":"Alpha Phi Omega, WLU Chapter Records, 1987/2015","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxw_repositories_5_resources_266_c05_c04#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eA copy of Washington and Lee's Alpha Phi Omega (A.P.O.)charter and two commemorative plaques for A.P.O. sponsored fund raisers for the the American Cancer Society - \"The Rockbridge Cancer Runs.\"\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxw_repositories_5_resources_266_c05_c04#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_266_c05_c04","ref_ssm":["vilxw_repositories_5_resources_266_c05_c04"],"id":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_266_c05_c04","ead_ssi":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_266","_root_":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_266","_nest_parent_":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_266_c05","parent_ssi":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_266_c05","parent_ssim":["University and Student Organizations and Societies","Honor Societies"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vilxw_repositories_5_resources_266","vilxw_repositories_5_resources_266_c05"],"title_filing_ssi":"Alpha Phi Omega, WLU Chapter Records","title_ssm":["Alpha Phi Omega, WLU Chapter Records"],"title_tesim":["Alpha Phi Omega, WLU Chapter Records"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Alpha Phi Omega, WLU Chapter Records, 1987/2015"],"text":["Alpha Phi Omega, WLU Chapter Records, 1987/2015","University and Student Organizations and Societies","Honor Societies","Washington and Lee University. Alph Phi Omega","Alpha Phi Omega. Alpha Beta Tau Chapter. (Washington and Lee University)","American Cancer Society","English","A copy of Washington and Lee's Alpha Phi Omega (A.P.O.)charter and two commemorative plaques for A.P.O. sponsored fund raisers for the the American Cancer Society - \"The Rockbridge Cancer Runs.\"","The charter has been removed to the Oversize Drawer for WLU Record Groups"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["University and Student Organizations and Societies","Honor Societies"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["University and Student Organizations and Societies","Honor Societies"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1987/2015"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1987-2015"],"level_ssm":["Sub-Series"],"level_ssim":["Sub-series"],"component_level_isim":[2],"sort_isi":153,"repository_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, Leyburn Library"],"collection_ssim":["University and Student Organizations and Societies"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law.  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(Washington and Lee University)","American Cancer Society"],"language_ssim":["English"],"date_range_isim":[1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA copy of Washington and Lee's Alpha Phi Omega (A.P.O.)charter and two commemorative plaques for A.P.O. sponsored fund raisers for the the American Cancer Society - \"The Rockbridge Cancer Runs.\"\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["A copy of Washington and Lee's Alpha Phi Omega (A.P.O.)charter and two commemorative plaques for A.P.O. sponsored fund raisers for the the American Cancer Society - \"The Rockbridge Cancer Runs.\""],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe charter has been removed to the Oversize Drawer for WLU Record Groups\u003c/p\u003e"],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["The charter has been removed to the Oversize Drawer for WLU Record Groups"],"_nest_path_":"/components#4/components#3","timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:38:07.513Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_266","ead_ssi":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_266","_root_":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_266","_nest_parent_":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_266","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WLU/repositories_5_resources_266.xml","title_ssm":["University and Student Organizations and Societies"],"title_tesim":["University and Student Organizations and Societies"],"unitdate_ssm":["Date Not Yet Determined"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["Date Not Yet Determined"],"normalized_title_ssm":["University and Student Organizations and Societies"],"text":["University and Student Organizations and Societies","WLU.RG.39","/repositories/5/resources/266","Fraternal organizations","Greek letter societies","College Students","View materials from this collection online via W\u0026L's Digital Archive","This record group contains materials created by the University's student and faculty organizations, including fraternities, sororities, and honorary societies, such as official publications by these groups and records about their management.","The materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law.  The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials.  Any materials used should be fully credited with the source.  Permission for publication of this material, in part or in full, must be secured with the Head of Special Collections.","Washington and Lee University, University Library Special Collections and Archives","Washington and Lee University","Washington and Lee University. Phi Kapp Psi","Washington and Lee University. Delta Upsilon","Washington and Lee University.  Delta Tau Delta. Chapter Phi","Washington and Lee University. Phi Gamma Delta","Washington and Lee University. Zeta Beta Tau","Zeta Beta Tau (Fraternity)","Washington and Lee University. Hybiscus Club","Washington and Lee University. Washington and Lee Biology Forum","Washington and Lee University. Campus Reporting Committee, Inc.","Washington and Lee University.  Outing Club","Washington and Lee University. Hillel House","Washington and Lee University, Department of Journalism and Mass Communications","Omicron Delta Kappa. Alpha Circle","Washington and Lee University. Alph Phi Omega","Alpha Phi Omega. Alpha Beta Tau Chapter. (Washington and Lee University)","American Cancer Society","Washington and Lee University -- Students","Washington and Lee University.  Christians","Virginia Military Institute.  Christians","Monroe, Craig T.","Anderson, Sherwood","Sugrue, Thomas J.","Nabors, Jonathan Owen","Coulling, Sidney Mathias Baxter, III","Humphreys, A. 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Please contact the staff of Special Collections and Archives to verify the appropriate format."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis record group contains materials created by the University's student and faculty organizations, including fraternities, sororities, and honorary societies, such as official publications by these groups and records about their management.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This record group contains materials created by the University's student and faculty organizations, including fraternities, sororities, and honorary societies, such as official publications by these groups and records about their management."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law.  The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials.  Any materials used should be fully credited with the source.  Permission for publication of this material, in part or in full, must be secured with the Head of Special Collections.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law.  The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials.  Any materials used should be fully credited with the source.  Permission for publication of this material, in part or in full, must be secured with the Head of Special Collections."],"corpname_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, University Library Special Collections and Archives","Washington and Lee University","Washington and Lee University. Phi Kapp Psi","Washington and Lee University. Delta Upsilon","Washington and Lee University.  Delta Tau Delta. Chapter Phi","Washington and Lee University. Phi Gamma Delta","Washington and Lee University. Zeta Beta Tau","Zeta Beta Tau (Fraternity)","Washington and Lee University. Hybiscus Club","Washington and Lee University. Washington and Lee Biology Forum","Washington and Lee University. Campus Reporting Committee, Inc.","Washington and Lee University.  Outing Club","Washington and Lee University. Hillel House","Washington and Lee University, Department of Journalism and Mass Communications","Omicron Delta Kappa. Alpha Circle","Washington and Lee University. Alph Phi Omega","Alpha Phi Omega. Alpha Beta Tau Chapter. (Washington and Lee University)","American Cancer Society","Washington and Lee University -- Students"],"names_coll_ssim":["Washington and Lee University"],"famname_ssim":["Washington and Lee University.  Christians","Virginia Military Institute.  Christians"],"persname_ssim":["Monroe, Craig T.","Anderson, Sherwood","Sugrue, Thomas J.","Nabors, Jonathan Owen","Coulling, Sidney Mathias Baxter, III","Humphreys, A. H."],"names_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, University Library Special Collections and Archives","Washington and Lee University","Washington and Lee University. Phi Kapp Psi","Washington and Lee University. Delta Upsilon","Washington and Lee University.  Delta Tau Delta. Chapter Phi","Washington and Lee University. Phi Gamma Delta","Washington and Lee University. Zeta Beta Tau","Zeta Beta Tau (Fraternity)","Washington and Lee University. Hybiscus Club","Washington and Lee University. 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These include meeting minutes and agendas, correspondence, reports, articles, clippings, memoranda, and other items.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_4_resources_1347_c01_c11#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viu_repositories_4_resources_1347_c01_c11","ref_ssm":["viu_repositories_4_resources_1347_c01_c11"],"id":"viu_repositories_4_resources_1347_c01_c11","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_4_resources_1347","_root_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_1347","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_1347_c01","parent_ssi":"viu_repositories_4_resources_1347_c01","parent_ssim":["Loren Roth papers, 1950/2022, bulk 1974/2022","Abuse of psychiatry and psychiatrists, 1950/2021, bulk 1974/2000"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viu_repositories_4_resources_1347","viu_repositories_4_resources_1347_c01"],"title_filing_ssi":"American Psychiatric Association (A.P.A.) files - Committee on Human Rights","title_ssm":["American Psychiatric Association (A.P.A.) files - Committee on Human Rights"],"title_tesim":["American Psychiatric Association (A.P.A.) files - Committee on Human Rights"],"normalized_title_ssm":["American Psychiatric Association (A.P.A.) files - Committee on Human Rights, 1987/1993"],"text":["American Psychiatric Association (A.P.A.) files - Committee on Human Rights, 1987/1993","Loren Roth papers, 1950/2022, bulk 1974/2022","Abuse of psychiatry and psychiatrists, 1950/2021, bulk 1974/2000","The files in this sub-series are arranged in chronological order.","The sub-series consists of materials Loren Roth collected as part of his work with this committee. These include meeting minutes and agendas, correspondence, reports, articles, clippings, memoranda, and other items."],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Loren Roth papers, 1950/2022, bulk 1974/2022","Abuse of psychiatry and psychiatrists, 1950/2021, bulk 1974/2000"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Loren Roth papers, 1950/2022, bulk 1974/2022","Abuse of psychiatry and psychiatrists, 1950/2021, bulk 1974/2000"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1987/1993"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1987-1993"],"level_ssm":["Sub-Series"],"level_ssim":["Sub-series"],"component_level_isim":[2],"sort_isi":145,"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"collection_ssim":["Loren Roth papers, 1950/2022, bulk 1974/2022"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":11,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["There are access restrictions on some of the materials in this series. When a file or item is restricted, an additional note explaining the conditions of access is attached to the file or item description."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The Arthur J. Morris Law Library does not grant researchers permission to publish copies of any of the materials in this collection."],"date_range_isim":[1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe files in this sub-series are arranged in chronological order.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The files in this sub-series are arranged in chronological order."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe sub-series consists of materials Loren Roth collected as part of his work with this committee. 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These include meeting minutes and agendas, correspondence, reports, articles, clippings, memoranda, and other items."],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#10","timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:54:27.406Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_4_resources_1347","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_4_resources_1347","_root_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_1347","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_1347","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_4_resources_1347.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/169336","title_ssm":["Loren Roth papers"],"title_tesim":["Loren Roth papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1950-2022","1974-2022"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1950-2022"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1974-2022"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1950/2022, bulk 1974/2022"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Loren Roth papers, 1950/2022, bulk 1974/2022"],"text":["Loren Roth papers, 1950/2022, bulk 1974/2022","MSS.2021.01","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/1347","Psychiatry -- Soviet Union","Political prisoners -- Soviet Union","Dissenters -- Soviet Union","Researchers may only access and view the materials in this collection onsite and in-person at the University of Virginia Law Library in Charlottesville, Virginia. The following additional restrictions apply to any materials that contain the names of the interviewees of the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the Soviet Union and/or 1991 ad hoc mission to the Soviet Union by the World Psychiatric Association:","1. To obtain access to these records, interested researchers must sign a form to agree not to use, document, or disclose names of the patients or their families, or other identifying information about these persons and to abide by all the provisions specified in the present document. The form is available on site from the responsible official of the UVA Law Library.","2. These materials may not be copied, photographed, or otherwise reproduced digitally.","3. Before accessing the requested materials, interested researchers must agree to abide by reasonable administrative, technical, and physical safeguards, as approved by the UVA Law Library, to prevent unauthorized use or disclosure of the information. These procedures shall be followed by all persons associated with the applicant's research project.","4. Records in this category are also subject to the following safeguards: (i) Any information that would permit the identification of an individual (names, biographical data, etc.) may not be used, documented, or made public by the researcher, nor will any attempt to contact them be made. However, this does not preclude the researcher from contacting a person in advance of gaining access, for the purpose of obtaining access.  (ii) If a researcher obtains written authorization for access from an interviewee or from his/her legal guardian, the records may be made available to that researcher. (iii) Interviewees themselves may have free access to their own health information if contained in this collection.","5. If the University of Virginia Law Library discovers that a researcher has violated the confidentiality of information or the conditions of access, the Law Library shall take steps to revoke the research privileges of the researcher and shall consult with University of Virginia legal counsel to prevent further disclosure of the health information.","Finally, different access restrictions may apply to some of the items in  this collection. Whenever possible, archivists have made a note of these restrictions in other parts of the finding aid.","While it is understood that the misuse of psychiatry for non-medical reasons allegedly started in the U.S.S.R. after the October Revolution of 1917, its widespread and systematic use as a tool to silence political dissent became well-documented during Khrushchev's era. In a 1959 speech attributed to Khrushchev, he allegedly attempted to justify putting dissidents in psychiatric hospitals by saying that only a mentally ill person may be opposed to Communism (1). While there also were \"political\" parts of the R.S.F.S.R. Criminal Code that criminalized anti-Soviet agitation and slander of the Soviet state, psychiatry was often used to isolate dissidents, punish them with psychiatric drugs, discredit their ideas, and avoid criminal law procedures.","The \"Sluggish schizophrenia\" concept developed by academician Snezhnevsky had overly broad diagnostic criteria that allowed the diagnosis of schizophrenia in patients who showed no symptoms, on the assumption that these symptoms would appear later (2). In almost every case, dissidents were examined at the Serbsky Central Research Institute for Forensic Psychiatry.\nInformation about Soviet repressive psychiatry became well-known in the West after 1971 dissident Vladimir Bukovsky smuggled over 150 pages documenting the political abuse of psychiatric institutions in the Soviet Union into the West. The papers were studied by independent psychiatrists in several countries and released to the press (3). \"Bukovsky's papers\" galvanized human rights activists worldwide and those within the Soviet Union.","While the attempt to bring the matter to the official agenda of the World Psychiatric Association (W.P.A.) at their 1971 World Congress in Mexico was unsuccessful, it kept gaining more and more outcry worldwide. So, in 1977, the W.P.A. adopted the Hawaii Declaration – a milestone defining principles of good and ethical medical practice. The All-Union Society of Psychiatrists and Narcologists, the official Soviet professional organization, was bound to withdraw from the W.P.A. at its next Congress in 1983—the allegations of the political abuse of psychiatry inflicted irretrievable damage on the prestige of Soviet medicine.","In 1975, the Soviet Union, the United States, and other countries signed the Helsinki Accords - the key document of the Conference of Security and Cooperation in Europe (C.S.C.E.). The Accords signaled a détente between the East and the West and built the foundation for the end of the Cold War, the U.S.-Soviet disarmament talks, and the \"third basket\" on human rights and freedoms in the Soviet Union.","Mikhail Gorbachev, who became the head of the Soviet Communist Party in 1985, prioritized the improvement of U.S.-Soviet relations. Also, Gorbachev launched the domestic \"perestroika\" (restructuring) and \"glasnost\" (openness) initiatives. These combined foreign and domestic policy developments fostered interest, internally and externally, in the plight of Soviet political prisoners. The Soviet Union released many political prisoners from labor camps, and in April 1987, Secretary Schultz and Soviet Minister of Foreign Affairs Shevardnadze agreed on a human rights dialog (4). As part of this broader dialog, in September 1987, the Soviet representatives began to try to assure their American counterparts that the abuse of psychiatry had ended (5).","Notes:","1. Khrushchev had said this in a speech published in the state newspaper Pravda on 24 May 1959: A crime is a deviation from generally recognized standards of behaviour frequently caused by mental disorder. Can there be diseases, nervous disorders among certain people in a Communist society? Evidently yes. If that is so, then there will also be offences, which are characteristic of people with abnormal minds. Of those who might start calling for opposition to Communism on this basis, we can say that clearly their mental state is not normal.\nKnapp, Martin, et al. Mental Health Policy and Practice Across Europe: The Future Direction of Mental Health Care, McGraw-Hill Education, 2006. ProQuest Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/uva/detail.action?docID=316293.","2. Sfera, Adonis. Can psychiatry be misused again?. Frontiers in Psychiatry. 9 September 2013;(4):101. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2013.00101. PMID 24058348.","3. For more information, see Reddaway, Peter (12 March 1971). \"Plea to West on Soviet 'mad-house' jails\". The Times. p. 8.; Bloch, Sidney; Reddaway, Peter (1984). Soviet Psychiatric Abuse. The Shadow Over World Psychiatry. London: Gollancz.","4. Schifter-Adamishin book, timeline, page xix","5. Id, pages xix and xx","During the late 1980s, U.S.-Soviet discussions about the abuse of psychiatry led to the formation of a special U.S. delegation to the Soviet Union. In February 1989, the U.S.S.R. allowed the delegation to independently assess 27 Soviet citizens believed to have been psychiatrically committed for non-medical reasons. The U.S.S.R. also allowed the delegation to inspect ordinary psychiatric hospitals and other hospitals known as \"psychoprisons.\" The U.S. delegation's psychiatric leader was Dr. Loren Roth of the University of Pittsburgh. The U.S. State Department organized the trip, closely cooperating with the American Psychiatric Association and the National Institute of Mental Health. Their Soviet counterparts were the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The Soviet Ministry of Health and the conservative leadership of Soviet psychiatry, both believed to have been deeply involved in abuse, internally opposed the visit. However, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs overcame this opposition, and their support was critical to the U.S. delegation's success.","The U.S. delegation consisted of leading experts in psychiatry, forensic psychiatry, forensic psychology, law, and Sovietology. Also, it included a representative of the American Psychological Association (A.P.A.), and émigré Soviet psychiatrists living in the United States.","From April 1988 onward, Dr. Loren Roth engaged in extensive negotiations with his Soviet counterparts on the details of the visit. They discussed the list of people (\"patients\") to be assessed by the delegation and the processes for obtaining their consent. There were difficult negotiations over the presence of Soviet psychiatrists during the examinations, and the need to protect the interviewees from potential intimidation and retaliation.","The U.S. delegation advocated for and adopted critical precautions to ensure the transparency of the mission and its findings. They used scientifically developed structural psychiatric interview schedules, brought U.S. interpreters to assist the delegation, avoided sharing the cost of the trip with the Soviet side, collected urine samples to rule out overmedication, videotaped the interviews, and spoke with friends/relatives of those interviewed.","Although there was a significant risk that the Soviet Union would cancel the delegation's visit, it occurred between February and March, 1989. The American team evaluated 27 Soviet citizens and inspected special psychiatric hospitals in Kazan and Chernyakhovsk as well as ordinary psychiatric hospitals in Vilnius and Kaunas.","Among those interviewed by the U.S. team were people still hospitalized, and those who had been previously discharged. The American team was greatly assisted by Mr. Aleksandr \"Sasha\" Podrabinek, the Soviet and, subsequently, Russian dissident. He was an expert on the issue of abuse of psychiatry and author of the 1979 book \"Punitive Medicine\" (see references). Mr. Podrabinek facilitated access to those who had been previously released and claimed to be unavailable by Soviet counterparts.","The U.S. team detailed their conclusions in their final report, \"Assessment of Recent Changes in Soviet Psychiatry\" (available in this collection), which researchers are encouraged to read. The Soviet Union responded officially with its own report.","The 1989 visit laid a foundation for subsequent collaboration between the two countries in the area of mental health. The U.S.-Russia Health Committee met from 1994 to 2000 as a part of a larger Gore-Chernomyrdin Commission. It focused, in particular, on mental health care during disasters and the primary care physician's role in caring for patients with depression.","Shortly after the American mission was over, the W.P.A. congress in Athens decided to provisionally readmit the Soviet All-Union Society after receiving an official, although somewhat vague, admission of the past wrongdoings (covered in detail in On Dissidents and Madness by Robert van Voren). In 1991, the W.P.A. undertook an ad hoc psychiatric inspection of the Soviet Union that Dr. Jim Birley headed. Dr. Loren Roth and other experts who served on the 1989 U.S. State Department mission joined this inspection.","In 1990, a delegation of Soviet psychiatrists and politicians visited the United States for an educational trip to American psychiatric services and scholarly dialogues.","Researchers are encouraged to read the resources listed below to gain a better understanding of the historical events surrounding the 1989 delegation:","- the Schizophrenia Bulletin (supplement to Vol 15, # 4, 1989), which contains the brief overview of the reasons, methodology, and findings of the American team in the U.S., the final report of the U.S. delegation both in English and Russian, as well as the Soviet response in both languages (Hyperlink1)\n- The New York Times article \"Accord Is Sought by U.S. And Soviet on Mental Wards\" of May 22, 1988\n- The Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, Volume 49, Number 4, 2021 \"Jonas Rappeport: A Direct, Accomplished AAPL Leader\" by Dr. Loren Roth\n- Report by the World Psychiatric Association Team on the Visit to the Soviet Union, 9-29 June 1991, headed by Dr. Jim Burley\n- Human Rights, Perestroika, and the End of the Cold War co-authored by Anatoly Adamishin and Richard Schifter in 2009","In 2021, three decades after the 1989 trip to assess the conditions of Soviet citizens confined in psychiatric hospitals for political reasons, an oral history project was initiated to document it. Loren H. Roth, Ellen Mercer, and Richard Bonnie, three members of the delegation, had always wanted to evaluate if the mission had had any lasting impact on the lives of the people interviewed and on the quality and ethical integrity of psychiatric care in the countries of the former Soviet Union. The oral history project began in conjunction with the donation of Loren Roth's papers to the University of Virginia School of Law Library. Olena Protsenko, a Ukrainian human rights lawyer, organized Roth's papers and began researching related collections. Richard Bonnie's papers and Saleem Shah's files on the abuse of psychiatry, also part of the University of Virginia Law Library manuscript collections, were essential to the project's development.","Olena Protsenko processed this collection. She was a post-doctoral Research Associate in Psychiatry and Law at the University of Virginia School of Law.","This collection is divided into two series. The first series, \"abuse of psychiatry and psychiatrists\", consists of subject files compiled by Dr. Loren Roth, Professor of Psychiatry at the University of Pittsburgh. They are evidence of Dr. Roth's efforts to stop the abuse of psychiatry and psychiatrists for political reasons, with an emphasis on the former Soviet Union. The subject files contain correspondence, articles, reports, evaluations, meeting minutes, agendas, planning materials, diaries, photographs, memoranda, handwritten notes, programs, books, videotapes, ephemera, and other items. Together, these materials date from around 1950 to 2008. However the bulk of them date from the 1970s to the 1990s, when Dr. Roth participated in U.S. delegations to the former Soviet Union and was part of the American Psychological Association's (APA) Committees on Human Rights and International Abuse of Psychiatry and Psychiatrists.","The second series consists of materials that were gathered and produced for the \"Retrospective Review of the 1989 U.S. State Department Psychiatric Mission to the U.S.S.R.\" project. These materials include oral history interviews with individuals involved with the 1989 mission, a 1989 recorded interview with a psychiatric patient, project correspondence, biographical files, interview minutes, and an organizational chart. Most of the items in this series date from the time of the project, 2021 to 2022.","The Arthur J. Morris Law Library does not grant researchers permission to publish copies of any of the materials in this collection.","Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","Roth, Loren H.","Bloom, Joseph D.","Borissow, Kyrill","Carpenter, William T.","Farrand, Robert William, 1934-","Hirschfeld, Robert M. A.","Hopkins, William H. (William Hugh), 1942-","Keith, Samuel J.","Kleyman, Felix, Dr.","Kovalev, A. A. (Andreĭ Anatolʹevich)","Mercer, Ellen Robertson","Monahan, John (John Thomas), 1946-","Reddaway, Peter (1939)","Regier, Darrel A.","Smith, Carolyn","Stern, Leon","English\n      Russian"],"collection_title_tesim":["Loren Roth papers, 1950/2022, bulk 1974/2022"],"collection_ssim":["Loren Roth papers, 1950/2022, bulk 1974/2022"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS.2021.01","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/1347"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS.2021.01","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/1347"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_ssm":["Roth, Loren H.","Bloom, Joseph D.","Borissow, Kyrill","Carpenter, William T.","Farrand, Robert William, 1934-","Hirschfeld, Robert M. A.","Hopkins, William H. (William Hugh), 1942-","Keith, Samuel J.","Kleyman, Felix, Dr.","Kovalev, A. A. (Andreĭ Anatolʹevich)","Mercer, Ellen Robertson","Monahan, John (John Thomas), 1946-","Reddaway, Peter (1939)","Regier, Darrel A.","Smith, Carolyn","Stern, Leon"],"creator_ssim":["Roth, Loren H.","Bloom, Joseph D.","Borissow, Kyrill","Carpenter, William T.","Farrand, Robert William, 1934-","Hirschfeld, Robert M. A.","Hopkins, William H. (William Hugh), 1942-","Keith, Samuel J.","Kleyman, Felix, Dr.","Kovalev, A. A. (Andreĭ Anatolʹevich)","Mercer, Ellen Robertson","Monahan, John (John Thomas), 1946-","Reddaway, Peter (1939)","Regier, Darrel A.","Smith, Carolyn","Stern, Leon"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Roth, Loren H.","Bloom, Joseph D.","Borissow, Kyrill","Carpenter, William T.","Farrand, Robert William, 1934-","Hirschfeld, Robert M. A.","Hopkins, William H. (William Hugh), 1942-","Keith, Samuel J.","Kleyman, Felix, Dr.","Kovalev, A. A. (Andreĭ Anatolʹevich)","Mercer, Ellen Robertson","Monahan, John (John Thomas), 1946-","Reddaway, Peter (1939)","Regier, Darrel A.","Smith, Carolyn","Stern, Leon"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections"],"creators_ssim":["Roth, Loren H.","Bloom, Joseph D.","Borissow, Kyrill","Carpenter, William T.","Farrand, Robert William, 1934-","Hirschfeld, Robert M. A.","Hopkins, William H. (William Hugh), 1942-","Keith, Samuel J.","Kleyman, Felix, Dr.","Kovalev, A. A. (Andreĭ Anatolʹevich)","Mercer, Ellen Robertson","Monahan, John (John Thomas), 1946-","Reddaway, Peter (1939)","Regier, Darrel A.","Smith, Carolyn","Stern, Leon","Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections"],"access_terms_ssm":["The Arthur J. Morris Law Library does not grant researchers permission to publish copies of any of the materials in this collection."],"acqinfo_ssim":["In March 2023, Dr. Loren Henry Roth donated all of the materials in this collection to the University of Virginia Law Library."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Psychiatry -- Soviet Union","Political prisoners -- Soviet Union","Dissenters -- Soviet Union"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Psychiatry -- Soviet Union","Political prisoners -- Soviet Union","Dissenters -- Soviet Union"],"has_online_content_ssim":["true"],"extent_ssm":["12.75 Cubic Feet 25 boxes","138.5775 Gigabytes"],"extent_tesim":["12.75 Cubic Feet 25 boxes","138.5775 Gigabytes"],"date_range_isim":[1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018,2019,2020,2021,2022],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers may only access and view the materials in this collection onsite and in-person at the University of Virginia Law Library in Charlottesville, Virginia. The following additional restrictions apply to any materials that contain the names of the interviewees of the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the Soviet Union and/or 1991 ad hoc mission to the Soviet Union by the World Psychiatric Association:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1. To obtain access to these records, interested researchers must sign a form to agree not to use, document, or disclose names of the patients or their families, or other identifying information about these persons and to abide by all the provisions specified in the present document. The form is available on site from the responsible official of the UVA Law Library. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e2. These materials may not be copied, photographed, or otherwise reproduced digitally. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e3. Before accessing the requested materials, interested researchers must agree to abide by reasonable administrative, technical, and physical safeguards, as approved by the UVA Law Library, to prevent unauthorized use or disclosure of the information. These procedures shall be followed by all persons associated with the applicant's research project.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e4. Records in this category are also subject to the following safeguards: (i) Any information that would permit the identification of an individual (names, biographical data, etc.) may not be used, documented, or made public by the researcher, nor will any attempt to contact them be made. However, this does not preclude the researcher from contacting a person in advance of gaining access, for the purpose of obtaining access.  (ii) If a researcher obtains written authorization for access from an interviewee or from his/her legal guardian, the records may be made available to that researcher. (iii) Interviewees themselves may have free access to their own health information if contained in this collection. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e5. If the University of Virginia Law Library discovers that a researcher has violated the confidentiality of information or the conditions of access, the Law Library shall take steps to revoke the research privileges of the researcher and shall consult with University of Virginia legal counsel to prevent further disclosure of the health information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFinally, different access restrictions may apply to some of the items in  this collection. Whenever possible, archivists have made a note of these restrictions in other parts of the finding aid.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Researchers may only access and view the materials in this collection onsite and in-person at the University of Virginia Law Library in Charlottesville, Virginia. The following additional restrictions apply to any materials that contain the names of the interviewees of the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the Soviet Union and/or 1991 ad hoc mission to the Soviet Union by the World Psychiatric Association:","1. To obtain access to these records, interested researchers must sign a form to agree not to use, document, or disclose names of the patients or their families, or other identifying information about these persons and to abide by all the provisions specified in the present document. The form is available on site from the responsible official of the UVA Law Library.","2. These materials may not be copied, photographed, or otherwise reproduced digitally.","3. Before accessing the requested materials, interested researchers must agree to abide by reasonable administrative, technical, and physical safeguards, as approved by the UVA Law Library, to prevent unauthorized use or disclosure of the information. These procedures shall be followed by all persons associated with the applicant's research project.","4. Records in this category are also subject to the following safeguards: (i) Any information that would permit the identification of an individual (names, biographical data, etc.) may not be used, documented, or made public by the researcher, nor will any attempt to contact them be made. However, this does not preclude the researcher from contacting a person in advance of gaining access, for the purpose of obtaining access.  (ii) If a researcher obtains written authorization for access from an interviewee or from his/her legal guardian, the records may be made available to that researcher. (iii) Interviewees themselves may have free access to their own health information if contained in this collection.","5. If the University of Virginia Law Library discovers that a researcher has violated the confidentiality of information or the conditions of access, the Law Library shall take steps to revoke the research privileges of the researcher and shall consult with University of Virginia legal counsel to prevent further disclosure of the health information.","Finally, different access restrictions may apply to some of the items in  this collection. Whenever possible, archivists have made a note of these restrictions in other parts of the finding aid."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWhile it is understood that the misuse of psychiatry for non-medical reasons allegedly started in the U.S.S.R. after the October Revolution of 1917, its widespread and systematic use as a tool to silence political dissent became well-documented during Khrushchev's era. In a 1959 speech attributed to Khrushchev, he allegedly attempted to justify putting dissidents in psychiatric hospitals by saying that only a mentally ill person may be opposed to Communism (1). While there also were \"political\" parts of the R.S.F.S.R. Criminal Code that criminalized anti-Soviet agitation and slander of the Soviet state, psychiatry was often used to isolate dissidents, punish them with psychiatric drugs, discredit their ideas, and avoid criminal law procedures.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe \"Sluggish schizophrenia\" concept developed by academician Snezhnevsky had overly broad diagnostic criteria that allowed the diagnosis of schizophrenia in patients who showed no symptoms, on the assumption that these symptoms would appear later (2). In almost every case, dissidents were examined at the Serbsky Central Research Institute for Forensic Psychiatry.\nInformation about Soviet repressive psychiatry became well-known in the West after 1971 dissident Vladimir Bukovsky smuggled over 150 pages documenting the political abuse of psychiatric institutions in the Soviet Union into the West. The papers were studied by independent psychiatrists in several countries and released to the press (3). \"Bukovsky's papers\" galvanized human rights activists worldwide and those within the Soviet Union.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWhile the attempt to bring the matter to the official agenda of the World Psychiatric Association (W.P.A.) at their 1971 World Congress in Mexico was unsuccessful, it kept gaining more and more outcry worldwide. So, in 1977, the W.P.A. adopted the Hawaii Declaration – a milestone defining principles of good and ethical medical practice. The All-Union Society of Psychiatrists and Narcologists, the official Soviet professional organization, was bound to withdraw from the W.P.A. at its next Congress in 1983—the allegations of the political abuse of psychiatry inflicted irretrievable damage on the prestige of Soviet medicine.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1975, the Soviet Union, the United States, and other countries signed the Helsinki Accords - the key document of the Conference of Security and Cooperation in Europe (C.S.C.E.). The Accords signaled a détente between the East and the West and built the foundation for the end of the Cold War, the U.S.-Soviet disarmament talks, and the \"third basket\" on human rights and freedoms in the Soviet Union.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMikhail Gorbachev, who became the head of the Soviet Communist Party in 1985, prioritized the improvement of U.S.-Soviet relations. Also, Gorbachev launched the domestic \"perestroika\" (restructuring) and \"glasnost\" (openness) initiatives. These combined foreign and domestic policy developments fostered interest, internally and externally, in the plight of Soviet political prisoners. The Soviet Union released many political prisoners from labor camps, and in April 1987, Secretary Schultz and Soviet Minister of Foreign Affairs Shevardnadze agreed on a human rights dialog (4). As part of this broader dialog, in September 1987, the Soviet representatives began to try to assure their American counterparts that the abuse of psychiatry had ended (5).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNotes:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1. Khrushchev had said this in a speech published in the state newspaper Pravda on 24 May 1959: A crime is a deviation from generally recognized standards of behaviour frequently caused by mental disorder. Can there be diseases, nervous disorders among certain people in a Communist society? Evidently yes. If that is so, then there will also be offences, which are characteristic of people with abnormal minds. Of those who might start calling for opposition to Communism on this basis, we can say that clearly their mental state is not normal.\nKnapp, Martin, et al. Mental Health Policy and Practice Across Europe: The Future Direction of Mental Health Care, McGraw-Hill Education, 2006. ProQuest Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/uva/detail.action?docID=316293.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e2. Sfera, Adonis. Can psychiatry be misused again?. Frontiers in Psychiatry. 9 September 2013;(4):101. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2013.00101. PMID 24058348.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e3. For more information, see Reddaway, Peter (12 March 1971). \"Plea to West on Soviet 'mad-house' jails\". The Times. p. 8.; Bloch, Sidney; Reddaway, Peter (1984). Soviet Psychiatric Abuse. The Shadow Over World Psychiatry. London: Gollancz.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e4. Schifter-Adamishin book, timeline, page xix\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e5. Id, pages xix and xx\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eDuring the late 1980s, U.S.-Soviet discussions about the abuse of psychiatry led to the formation of a special U.S. delegation to the Soviet Union. In February 1989, the U.S.S.R. allowed the delegation to independently assess 27 Soviet citizens believed to have been psychiatrically committed for non-medical reasons. The U.S.S.R. also allowed the delegation to inspect ordinary psychiatric hospitals and other hospitals known as \"psychoprisons.\" The U.S. delegation's psychiatric leader was Dr. Loren Roth of the University of Pittsburgh. The U.S. State Department organized the trip, closely cooperating with the American Psychiatric Association and the National Institute of Mental Health. Their Soviet counterparts were the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The Soviet Ministry of Health and the conservative leadership of Soviet psychiatry, both believed to have been deeply involved in abuse, internally opposed the visit. However, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs overcame this opposition, and their support was critical to the U.S. delegation's success.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe U.S. delegation consisted of leading experts in psychiatry, forensic psychiatry, forensic psychology, law, and Sovietology. Also, it included a representative of the American Psychological Association (A.P.A.), and émigré Soviet psychiatrists living in the United States.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrom April 1988 onward, Dr. Loren Roth engaged in extensive negotiations with his Soviet counterparts on the details of the visit. They discussed the list of people (\"patients\") to be assessed by the delegation and the processes for obtaining their consent. There were difficult negotiations over the presence of Soviet psychiatrists during the examinations, and the need to protect the interviewees from potential intimidation and retaliation.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe U.S. delegation advocated for and adopted critical precautions to ensure the transparency of the mission and its findings. They used scientifically developed structural psychiatric interview schedules, brought U.S. interpreters to assist the delegation, avoided sharing the cost of the trip with the Soviet side, collected urine samples to rule out overmedication, videotaped the interviews, and spoke with friends/relatives of those interviewed.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlthough there was a significant risk that the Soviet Union would cancel the delegation's visit, it occurred between February and March, 1989. The American team evaluated 27 Soviet citizens and inspected special psychiatric hospitals in Kazan and Chernyakhovsk as well as ordinary psychiatric hospitals in Vilnius and Kaunas.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAmong those interviewed by the U.S. team were people still hospitalized, and those who had been previously discharged. The American team was greatly assisted by Mr. Aleksandr \"Sasha\" Podrabinek, the Soviet and, subsequently, Russian dissident. He was an expert on the issue of abuse of psychiatry and author of the 1979 book \"Punitive Medicine\" (see references). Mr. Podrabinek facilitated access to those who had been previously released and claimed to be unavailable by Soviet counterparts.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe U.S. team detailed their conclusions in their final report, \"Assessment of Recent Changes in Soviet Psychiatry\" (available in this collection), which researchers are encouraged to read. The Soviet Union responded officially with its own report.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe 1989 visit laid a foundation for subsequent collaboration between the two countries in the area of mental health. The U.S.-Russia Health Committee met from 1994 to 2000 as a part of a larger Gore-Chernomyrdin Commission. It focused, in particular, on mental health care during disasters and the primary care physician's role in caring for patients with depression.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eShortly after the American mission was over, the W.P.A. congress in Athens decided to provisionally readmit the Soviet All-Union Society after receiving an official, although somewhat vague, admission of the past wrongdoings (covered in detail in On Dissidents and Madness by Robert van Voren). In 1991, the W.P.A. undertook an ad hoc psychiatric inspection of the Soviet Union that Dr. Jim Birley headed. Dr. Loren Roth and other experts who served on the 1989 U.S. State Department mission joined this inspection.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1990, a delegation of Soviet psychiatrists and politicians visited the United States for an educational trip to American psychiatric services and scholarly dialogues.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nResearchers are encouraged to read the resources listed below to gain a better understanding of the historical events surrounding the 1989 delegation:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e- the Schizophrenia Bulletin (supplement to Vol 15, # 4, 1989), which contains the brief overview of the reasons, methodology, and findings of the American team in the U.S., the final report of the U.S. delegation both in English and Russian, as well as the Soviet response in both languages (Hyperlink1)\n- The New York Times article \"Accord Is Sought by U.S. And Soviet on Mental Wards\" of May 22, 1988\n- The Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, Volume 49, Number 4, 2021 \"Jonas Rappeport: A Direct, Accomplished AAPL Leader\" by Dr. Loren Roth\n- Report by the World Psychiatric Association Team on the Visit to the Soviet Union, 9-29 June 1991, headed by Dr. Jim Burley\n- Human Rights, Perestroika, and the End of the Cold War co-authored by Anatoly Adamishin and Richard Schifter in 2009\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eIn 2021, three decades after the 1989 trip to assess the conditions of Soviet citizens confined in psychiatric hospitals for political reasons, an oral history project was initiated to document it. Loren H. Roth, Ellen Mercer, and Richard Bonnie, three members of the delegation, had always wanted to evaluate if the mission had had any lasting impact on the lives of the people interviewed and on the quality and ethical integrity of psychiatric care in the countries of the former Soviet Union. The oral history project began in conjunction with the donation of Loren Roth's papers to the University of Virginia School of Law Library. Olena Protsenko, a Ukrainian human rights lawyer, organized Roth's papers and began researching related collections. Richard Bonnie's papers and Saleem Shah's files on the abuse of psychiatry, also part of the University of Virginia Law Library manuscript collections, were essential to the project's development.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["History of the Abuse of Psychiatry and Psychiatrists in the U.S.S.R.","History of the 1989 U.S. State Department Investigative Mission to the U.S.S.R.","History of the 2021-2022 Oral History Project"],"bioghist_tesim":["While it is understood that the misuse of psychiatry for non-medical reasons allegedly started in the U.S.S.R. after the October Revolution of 1917, its widespread and systematic use as a tool to silence political dissent became well-documented during Khrushchev's era. In a 1959 speech attributed to Khrushchev, he allegedly attempted to justify putting dissidents in psychiatric hospitals by saying that only a mentally ill person may be opposed to Communism (1). While there also were \"political\" parts of the R.S.F.S.R. Criminal Code that criminalized anti-Soviet agitation and slander of the Soviet state, psychiatry was often used to isolate dissidents, punish them with psychiatric drugs, discredit their ideas, and avoid criminal law procedures.","The \"Sluggish schizophrenia\" concept developed by academician Snezhnevsky had overly broad diagnostic criteria that allowed the diagnosis of schizophrenia in patients who showed no symptoms, on the assumption that these symptoms would appear later (2). In almost every case, dissidents were examined at the Serbsky Central Research Institute for Forensic Psychiatry.\nInformation about Soviet repressive psychiatry became well-known in the West after 1971 dissident Vladimir Bukovsky smuggled over 150 pages documenting the political abuse of psychiatric institutions in the Soviet Union into the West. The papers were studied by independent psychiatrists in several countries and released to the press (3). \"Bukovsky's papers\" galvanized human rights activists worldwide and those within the Soviet Union.","While the attempt to bring the matter to the official agenda of the World Psychiatric Association (W.P.A.) at their 1971 World Congress in Mexico was unsuccessful, it kept gaining more and more outcry worldwide. So, in 1977, the W.P.A. adopted the Hawaii Declaration – a milestone defining principles of good and ethical medical practice. The All-Union Society of Psychiatrists and Narcologists, the official Soviet professional organization, was bound to withdraw from the W.P.A. at its next Congress in 1983—the allegations of the political abuse of psychiatry inflicted irretrievable damage on the prestige of Soviet medicine.","In 1975, the Soviet Union, the United States, and other countries signed the Helsinki Accords - the key document of the Conference of Security and Cooperation in Europe (C.S.C.E.). The Accords signaled a détente between the East and the West and built the foundation for the end of the Cold War, the U.S.-Soviet disarmament talks, and the \"third basket\" on human rights and freedoms in the Soviet Union.","Mikhail Gorbachev, who became the head of the Soviet Communist Party in 1985, prioritized the improvement of U.S.-Soviet relations. Also, Gorbachev launched the domestic \"perestroika\" (restructuring) and \"glasnost\" (openness) initiatives. These combined foreign and domestic policy developments fostered interest, internally and externally, in the plight of Soviet political prisoners. The Soviet Union released many political prisoners from labor camps, and in April 1987, Secretary Schultz and Soviet Minister of Foreign Affairs Shevardnadze agreed on a human rights dialog (4). As part of this broader dialog, in September 1987, the Soviet representatives began to try to assure their American counterparts that the abuse of psychiatry had ended (5).","Notes:","1. Khrushchev had said this in a speech published in the state newspaper Pravda on 24 May 1959: A crime is a deviation from generally recognized standards of behaviour frequently caused by mental disorder. Can there be diseases, nervous disorders among certain people in a Communist society? Evidently yes. If that is so, then there will also be offences, which are characteristic of people with abnormal minds. Of those who might start calling for opposition to Communism on this basis, we can say that clearly their mental state is not normal.\nKnapp, Martin, et al. Mental Health Policy and Practice Across Europe: The Future Direction of Mental Health Care, McGraw-Hill Education, 2006. ProQuest Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/uva/detail.action?docID=316293.","2. Sfera, Adonis. Can psychiatry be misused again?. Frontiers in Psychiatry. 9 September 2013;(4):101. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2013.00101. PMID 24058348.","3. For more information, see Reddaway, Peter (12 March 1971). \"Plea to West on Soviet 'mad-house' jails\". The Times. p. 8.; Bloch, Sidney; Reddaway, Peter (1984). Soviet Psychiatric Abuse. The Shadow Over World Psychiatry. London: Gollancz.","4. Schifter-Adamishin book, timeline, page xix","5. Id, pages xix and xx","During the late 1980s, U.S.-Soviet discussions about the abuse of psychiatry led to the formation of a special U.S. delegation to the Soviet Union. In February 1989, the U.S.S.R. allowed the delegation to independently assess 27 Soviet citizens believed to have been psychiatrically committed for non-medical reasons. The U.S.S.R. also allowed the delegation to inspect ordinary psychiatric hospitals and other hospitals known as \"psychoprisons.\" The U.S. delegation's psychiatric leader was Dr. Loren Roth of the University of Pittsburgh. The U.S. State Department organized the trip, closely cooperating with the American Psychiatric Association and the National Institute of Mental Health. Their Soviet counterparts were the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The Soviet Ministry of Health and the conservative leadership of Soviet psychiatry, both believed to have been deeply involved in abuse, internally opposed the visit. However, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs overcame this opposition, and their support was critical to the U.S. delegation's success.","The U.S. delegation consisted of leading experts in psychiatry, forensic psychiatry, forensic psychology, law, and Sovietology. Also, it included a representative of the American Psychological Association (A.P.A.), and émigré Soviet psychiatrists living in the United States.","From April 1988 onward, Dr. Loren Roth engaged in extensive negotiations with his Soviet counterparts on the details of the visit. They discussed the list of people (\"patients\") to be assessed by the delegation and the processes for obtaining their consent. There were difficult negotiations over the presence of Soviet psychiatrists during the examinations, and the need to protect the interviewees from potential intimidation and retaliation.","The U.S. delegation advocated for and adopted critical precautions to ensure the transparency of the mission and its findings. They used scientifically developed structural psychiatric interview schedules, brought U.S. interpreters to assist the delegation, avoided sharing the cost of the trip with the Soviet side, collected urine samples to rule out overmedication, videotaped the interviews, and spoke with friends/relatives of those interviewed.","Although there was a significant risk that the Soviet Union would cancel the delegation's visit, it occurred between February and March, 1989. The American team evaluated 27 Soviet citizens and inspected special psychiatric hospitals in Kazan and Chernyakhovsk as well as ordinary psychiatric hospitals in Vilnius and Kaunas.","Among those interviewed by the U.S. team were people still hospitalized, and those who had been previously discharged. The American team was greatly assisted by Mr. Aleksandr \"Sasha\" Podrabinek, the Soviet and, subsequently, Russian dissident. He was an expert on the issue of abuse of psychiatry and author of the 1979 book \"Punitive Medicine\" (see references). Mr. Podrabinek facilitated access to those who had been previously released and claimed to be unavailable by Soviet counterparts.","The U.S. team detailed their conclusions in their final report, \"Assessment of Recent Changes in Soviet Psychiatry\" (available in this collection), which researchers are encouraged to read. The Soviet Union responded officially with its own report.","The 1989 visit laid a foundation for subsequent collaboration between the two countries in the area of mental health. The U.S.-Russia Health Committee met from 1994 to 2000 as a part of a larger Gore-Chernomyrdin Commission. It focused, in particular, on mental health care during disasters and the primary care physician's role in caring for patients with depression.","Shortly after the American mission was over, the W.P.A. congress in Athens decided to provisionally readmit the Soviet All-Union Society after receiving an official, although somewhat vague, admission of the past wrongdoings (covered in detail in On Dissidents and Madness by Robert van Voren). In 1991, the W.P.A. undertook an ad hoc psychiatric inspection of the Soviet Union that Dr. Jim Birley headed. Dr. Loren Roth and other experts who served on the 1989 U.S. State Department mission joined this inspection.","In 1990, a delegation of Soviet psychiatrists and politicians visited the United States for an educational trip to American psychiatric services and scholarly dialogues.","Researchers are encouraged to read the resources listed below to gain a better understanding of the historical events surrounding the 1989 delegation:","- the Schizophrenia Bulletin (supplement to Vol 15, # 4, 1989), which contains the brief overview of the reasons, methodology, and findings of the American team in the U.S., the final report of the U.S. delegation both in English and Russian, as well as the Soviet response in both languages (Hyperlink1)\n- The New York Times article \"Accord Is Sought by U.S. And Soviet on Mental Wards\" of May 22, 1988\n- The Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, Volume 49, Number 4, 2021 \"Jonas Rappeport: A Direct, Accomplished AAPL Leader\" by Dr. Loren Roth\n- Report by the World Psychiatric Association Team on the Visit to the Soviet Union, 9-29 June 1991, headed by Dr. Jim Burley\n- Human Rights, Perestroika, and the End of the Cold War co-authored by Anatoly Adamishin and Richard Schifter in 2009","In 2021, three decades after the 1989 trip to assess the conditions of Soviet citizens confined in psychiatric hospitals for political reasons, an oral history project was initiated to document it. Loren H. Roth, Ellen Mercer, and Richard Bonnie, three members of the delegation, had always wanted to evaluate if the mission had had any lasting impact on the lives of the people interviewed and on the quality and ethical integrity of psychiatric care in the countries of the former Soviet Union. The oral history project began in conjunction with the donation of Loren Roth's papers to the University of Virginia School of Law Library. Olena Protsenko, a Ukrainian human rights lawyer, organized Roth's papers and began researching related collections. Richard Bonnie's papers and Saleem Shah's files on the abuse of psychiatry, also part of the University of Virginia Law Library manuscript collections, were essential to the project's development."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOlena Protsenko processed this collection. She was a post-doctoral Research Associate in Psychiatry and Law at the University of Virginia School of Law.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Olena Protsenko processed this collection. She was a post-doctoral Research Associate in Psychiatry and Law at the University of Virginia School of Law."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is divided into two series. The first series, \"abuse of psychiatry and psychiatrists\", consists of subject files compiled by Dr. Loren Roth, Professor of Psychiatry at the University of Pittsburgh. They are evidence of Dr. Roth's efforts to stop the abuse of psychiatry and psychiatrists for political reasons, with an emphasis on the former Soviet Union. The subject files contain correspondence, articles, reports, evaluations, meeting minutes, agendas, planning materials, diaries, photographs, memoranda, handwritten notes, programs, books, videotapes, ephemera, and other items. Together, these materials date from around 1950 to 2008. However the bulk of them date from the 1970s to the 1990s, when Dr. Roth participated in U.S. delegations to the former Soviet Union and was part of the American Psychological Association's (APA) Committees on Human Rights and International Abuse of Psychiatry and Psychiatrists.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThe second series consists of materials that were gathered and produced for the \"Retrospective Review of the 1989 U.S. State Department Psychiatric Mission to the U.S.S.R.\" project. These materials include oral history interviews with individuals involved with the 1989 mission, a 1989 recorded interview with a psychiatric patient, project correspondence, biographical files, interview minutes, and an organizational chart. Most of the items in this series date from the time of the project, 2021 to 2022.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection is divided into two series. The first series, \"abuse of psychiatry and psychiatrists\", consists of subject files compiled by Dr. Loren Roth, Professor of Psychiatry at the University of Pittsburgh. They are evidence of Dr. Roth's efforts to stop the abuse of psychiatry and psychiatrists for political reasons, with an emphasis on the former Soviet Union. The subject files contain correspondence, articles, reports, evaluations, meeting minutes, agendas, planning materials, diaries, photographs, memoranda, handwritten notes, programs, books, videotapes, ephemera, and other items. Together, these materials date from around 1950 to 2008. However the bulk of them date from the 1970s to the 1990s, when Dr. Roth participated in U.S. delegations to the former Soviet Union and was part of the American Psychological Association's (APA) Committees on Human Rights and International Abuse of Psychiatry and Psychiatrists.","The second series consists of materials that were gathered and produced for the \"Retrospective Review of the 1989 U.S. State Department Psychiatric Mission to the U.S.S.R.\" project. These materials include oral history interviews with individuals involved with the 1989 mission, a 1989 recorded interview with a psychiatric patient, project correspondence, biographical files, interview minutes, and an organizational chart. Most of the items in this series date from the time of the project, 2021 to 2022."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Arthur J. Morris Law Library does not grant researchers permission to publish copies of any of the materials in this collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The Arthur J. Morris Law Library does not grant researchers permission to publish copies of any of the materials in this collection."],"corpname_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections"],"persname_ssim":["Roth, Loren H.","Bloom, Joseph D.","Borissow, Kyrill","Carpenter, William T.","Farrand, Robert William, 1934-","Hirschfeld, Robert M. A.","Hopkins, William H. (William Hugh), 1942-","Keith, Samuel J.","Kleyman, Felix, Dr.","Kovalev, A. A. (Andreĭ Anatolʹevich)","Mercer, Ellen Robertson","Monahan, John (John Thomas), 1946-","Reddaway, Peter (1939)","Regier, Darrel A.","Smith, Carolyn","Stern, Leon"],"names_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","Roth, Loren H.","Bloom, Joseph D.","Borissow, Kyrill","Carpenter, William T.","Farrand, Robert William, 1934-","Hirschfeld, Robert M. A.","Hopkins, William H. (William Hugh), 1942-","Keith, Samuel J.","Kleyman, Felix, Dr.","Kovalev, A. A. (Andreĭ Anatolʹevich)","Mercer, Ellen Robertson","Monahan, John (John Thomas), 1946-","Reddaway, Peter (1939)","Regier, Darrel A.","Smith, Carolyn","Stern, Leon"],"language_ssim":["English\n      Russian"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":263,"online_item_count_is":18,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:54:27.406Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_4_resources_1347_c01_c11"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_4_resources_1347_c01_c10","type":"Sub-Series","attributes":{"title":"American Psychiatric Association (A.P.A.) files – Committee on International Abuse of Psychiatry and Psychiatrists, 1988/1992","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_4_resources_1347_c01_c10#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThe sub-series consists of materials Loren Roth collected as part of his work on this committee. These include meeting minutes and agendas, correspondence, reports, articles, clippings, memoranda, and other items.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_4_resources_1347_c01_c10#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viu_repositories_4_resources_1347_c01_c10","ref_ssm":["viu_repositories_4_resources_1347_c01_c10"],"id":"viu_repositories_4_resources_1347_c01_c10","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_4_resources_1347","_root_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_1347","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_1347_c01","parent_ssi":"viu_repositories_4_resources_1347_c01","parent_ssim":["Loren Roth papers, 1950/2022, bulk 1974/2022","Abuse of psychiatry and psychiatrists, 1950/2021, bulk 1974/2000"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viu_repositories_4_resources_1347","viu_repositories_4_resources_1347_c01"],"title_filing_ssi":"American Psychiatric Association (A.P.A.) files – Committee on International Abuse of Psychiatry and Psychiatrists","title_ssm":["American Psychiatric Association (A.P.A.) files – Committee on International Abuse of Psychiatry and Psychiatrists"],"title_tesim":["American Psychiatric Association (A.P.A.) files – Committee on International Abuse of Psychiatry and Psychiatrists"],"normalized_title_ssm":["American Psychiatric Association (A.P.A.) files – Committee on International Abuse of Psychiatry and Psychiatrists, 1988/1992"],"text":["American Psychiatric Association (A.P.A.) files – Committee on International Abuse of Psychiatry and Psychiatrists, 1988/1992","Loren Roth papers, 1950/2022, bulk 1974/2022","Abuse of psychiatry and psychiatrists, 1950/2021, bulk 1974/2000","The files in this sub-series are arranged in chronological order.","The sub-series consists of materials Loren Roth collected as part of his work on this committee. These include meeting minutes and agendas, correspondence, reports, articles, clippings, memoranda, and other items."],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Loren Roth papers, 1950/2022, bulk 1974/2022","Abuse of psychiatry and psychiatrists, 1950/2021, bulk 1974/2000"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Loren Roth papers, 1950/2022, bulk 1974/2022","Abuse of psychiatry and psychiatrists, 1950/2021, bulk 1974/2000"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1988/1992"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1988-1992"],"level_ssm":["Sub-Series"],"level_ssim":["Sub-series"],"component_level_isim":[2],"sort_isi":114,"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"collection_ssim":["Loren Roth papers, 1950/2022, bulk 1974/2022"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":30,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["There are access restrictions on some of the materials in this series. When a file or item is restricted, an additional note explaining the conditions of access is attached to the file or item description."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The Arthur J. Morris Law Library does not grant researchers permission to publish copies of any of the materials in this collection."],"date_range_isim":[1988,1989,1990,1991,1992],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe files in this sub-series are arranged in chronological order.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The files in this sub-series are arranged in chronological order."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe sub-series consists of materials Loren Roth collected as part of his work on this committee. These include meeting minutes and agendas, correspondence, reports, articles, clippings, memoranda, and other items.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The sub-series consists of materials Loren Roth collected as part of his work on this committee. These include meeting minutes and agendas, correspondence, reports, articles, clippings, memoranda, and other items."],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#9","timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:54:27.406Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_4_resources_1347","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_4_resources_1347","_root_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_1347","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_1347","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_4_resources_1347.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/169336","title_ssm":["Loren Roth papers"],"title_tesim":["Loren Roth papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1950-2022","1974-2022"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1950-2022"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1974-2022"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1950/2022, bulk 1974/2022"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Loren Roth papers, 1950/2022, bulk 1974/2022"],"text":["Loren Roth papers, 1950/2022, bulk 1974/2022","MSS.2021.01","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/1347","Psychiatry -- Soviet Union","Political prisoners -- Soviet Union","Dissenters -- Soviet Union","Researchers may only access and view the materials in this collection onsite and in-person at the University of Virginia Law Library in Charlottesville, Virginia. The following additional restrictions apply to any materials that contain the names of the interviewees of the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the Soviet Union and/or 1991 ad hoc mission to the Soviet Union by the World Psychiatric Association:","1. To obtain access to these records, interested researchers must sign a form to agree not to use, document, or disclose names of the patients or their families, or other identifying information about these persons and to abide by all the provisions specified in the present document. The form is available on site from the responsible official of the UVA Law Library.","2. These materials may not be copied, photographed, or otherwise reproduced digitally.","3. Before accessing the requested materials, interested researchers must agree to abide by reasonable administrative, technical, and physical safeguards, as approved by the UVA Law Library, to prevent unauthorized use or disclosure of the information. These procedures shall be followed by all persons associated with the applicant's research project.","4. Records in this category are also subject to the following safeguards: (i) Any information that would permit the identification of an individual (names, biographical data, etc.) may not be used, documented, or made public by the researcher, nor will any attempt to contact them be made. However, this does not preclude the researcher from contacting a person in advance of gaining access, for the purpose of obtaining access.  (ii) If a researcher obtains written authorization for access from an interviewee or from his/her legal guardian, the records may be made available to that researcher. (iii) Interviewees themselves may have free access to their own health information if contained in this collection.","5. If the University of Virginia Law Library discovers that a researcher has violated the confidentiality of information or the conditions of access, the Law Library shall take steps to revoke the research privileges of the researcher and shall consult with University of Virginia legal counsel to prevent further disclosure of the health information.","Finally, different access restrictions may apply to some of the items in  this collection. Whenever possible, archivists have made a note of these restrictions in other parts of the finding aid.","While it is understood that the misuse of psychiatry for non-medical reasons allegedly started in the U.S.S.R. after the October Revolution of 1917, its widespread and systematic use as a tool to silence political dissent became well-documented during Khrushchev's era. In a 1959 speech attributed to Khrushchev, he allegedly attempted to justify putting dissidents in psychiatric hospitals by saying that only a mentally ill person may be opposed to Communism (1). While there also were \"political\" parts of the R.S.F.S.R. Criminal Code that criminalized anti-Soviet agitation and slander of the Soviet state, psychiatry was often used to isolate dissidents, punish them with psychiatric drugs, discredit their ideas, and avoid criminal law procedures.","The \"Sluggish schizophrenia\" concept developed by academician Snezhnevsky had overly broad diagnostic criteria that allowed the diagnosis of schizophrenia in patients who showed no symptoms, on the assumption that these symptoms would appear later (2). In almost every case, dissidents were examined at the Serbsky Central Research Institute for Forensic Psychiatry.\nInformation about Soviet repressive psychiatry became well-known in the West after 1971 dissident Vladimir Bukovsky smuggled over 150 pages documenting the political abuse of psychiatric institutions in the Soviet Union into the West. The papers were studied by independent psychiatrists in several countries and released to the press (3). \"Bukovsky's papers\" galvanized human rights activists worldwide and those within the Soviet Union.","While the attempt to bring the matter to the official agenda of the World Psychiatric Association (W.P.A.) at their 1971 World Congress in Mexico was unsuccessful, it kept gaining more and more outcry worldwide. So, in 1977, the W.P.A. adopted the Hawaii Declaration – a milestone defining principles of good and ethical medical practice. The All-Union Society of Psychiatrists and Narcologists, the official Soviet professional organization, was bound to withdraw from the W.P.A. at its next Congress in 1983—the allegations of the political abuse of psychiatry inflicted irretrievable damage on the prestige of Soviet medicine.","In 1975, the Soviet Union, the United States, and other countries signed the Helsinki Accords - the key document of the Conference of Security and Cooperation in Europe (C.S.C.E.). The Accords signaled a détente between the East and the West and built the foundation for the end of the Cold War, the U.S.-Soviet disarmament talks, and the \"third basket\" on human rights and freedoms in the Soviet Union.","Mikhail Gorbachev, who became the head of the Soviet Communist Party in 1985, prioritized the improvement of U.S.-Soviet relations. Also, Gorbachev launched the domestic \"perestroika\" (restructuring) and \"glasnost\" (openness) initiatives. These combined foreign and domestic policy developments fostered interest, internally and externally, in the plight of Soviet political prisoners. The Soviet Union released many political prisoners from labor camps, and in April 1987, Secretary Schultz and Soviet Minister of Foreign Affairs Shevardnadze agreed on a human rights dialog (4). As part of this broader dialog, in September 1987, the Soviet representatives began to try to assure their American counterparts that the abuse of psychiatry had ended (5).","Notes:","1. Khrushchev had said this in a speech published in the state newspaper Pravda on 24 May 1959: A crime is a deviation from generally recognized standards of behaviour frequently caused by mental disorder. Can there be diseases, nervous disorders among certain people in a Communist society? Evidently yes. If that is so, then there will also be offences, which are characteristic of people with abnormal minds. Of those who might start calling for opposition to Communism on this basis, we can say that clearly their mental state is not normal.\nKnapp, Martin, et al. Mental Health Policy and Practice Across Europe: The Future Direction of Mental Health Care, McGraw-Hill Education, 2006. ProQuest Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/uva/detail.action?docID=316293.","2. Sfera, Adonis. Can psychiatry be misused again?. Frontiers in Psychiatry. 9 September 2013;(4):101. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2013.00101. PMID 24058348.","3. For more information, see Reddaway, Peter (12 March 1971). \"Plea to West on Soviet 'mad-house' jails\". The Times. p. 8.; Bloch, Sidney; Reddaway, Peter (1984). Soviet Psychiatric Abuse. The Shadow Over World Psychiatry. London: Gollancz.","4. Schifter-Adamishin book, timeline, page xix","5. Id, pages xix and xx","During the late 1980s, U.S.-Soviet discussions about the abuse of psychiatry led to the formation of a special U.S. delegation to the Soviet Union. In February 1989, the U.S.S.R. allowed the delegation to independently assess 27 Soviet citizens believed to have been psychiatrically committed for non-medical reasons. The U.S.S.R. also allowed the delegation to inspect ordinary psychiatric hospitals and other hospitals known as \"psychoprisons.\" The U.S. delegation's psychiatric leader was Dr. Loren Roth of the University of Pittsburgh. The U.S. State Department organized the trip, closely cooperating with the American Psychiatric Association and the National Institute of Mental Health. Their Soviet counterparts were the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The Soviet Ministry of Health and the conservative leadership of Soviet psychiatry, both believed to have been deeply involved in abuse, internally opposed the visit. However, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs overcame this opposition, and their support was critical to the U.S. delegation's success.","The U.S. delegation consisted of leading experts in psychiatry, forensic psychiatry, forensic psychology, law, and Sovietology. Also, it included a representative of the American Psychological Association (A.P.A.), and émigré Soviet psychiatrists living in the United States.","From April 1988 onward, Dr. Loren Roth engaged in extensive negotiations with his Soviet counterparts on the details of the visit. They discussed the list of people (\"patients\") to be assessed by the delegation and the processes for obtaining their consent. There were difficult negotiations over the presence of Soviet psychiatrists during the examinations, and the need to protect the interviewees from potential intimidation and retaliation.","The U.S. delegation advocated for and adopted critical precautions to ensure the transparency of the mission and its findings. They used scientifically developed structural psychiatric interview schedules, brought U.S. interpreters to assist the delegation, avoided sharing the cost of the trip with the Soviet side, collected urine samples to rule out overmedication, videotaped the interviews, and spoke with friends/relatives of those interviewed.","Although there was a significant risk that the Soviet Union would cancel the delegation's visit, it occurred between February and March, 1989. The American team evaluated 27 Soviet citizens and inspected special psychiatric hospitals in Kazan and Chernyakhovsk as well as ordinary psychiatric hospitals in Vilnius and Kaunas.","Among those interviewed by the U.S. team were people still hospitalized, and those who had been previously discharged. The American team was greatly assisted by Mr. Aleksandr \"Sasha\" Podrabinek, the Soviet and, subsequently, Russian dissident. He was an expert on the issue of abuse of psychiatry and author of the 1979 book \"Punitive Medicine\" (see references). Mr. Podrabinek facilitated access to those who had been previously released and claimed to be unavailable by Soviet counterparts.","The U.S. team detailed their conclusions in their final report, \"Assessment of Recent Changes in Soviet Psychiatry\" (available in this collection), which researchers are encouraged to read. The Soviet Union responded officially with its own report.","The 1989 visit laid a foundation for subsequent collaboration between the two countries in the area of mental health. The U.S.-Russia Health Committee met from 1994 to 2000 as a part of a larger Gore-Chernomyrdin Commission. It focused, in particular, on mental health care during disasters and the primary care physician's role in caring for patients with depression.","Shortly after the American mission was over, the W.P.A. congress in Athens decided to provisionally readmit the Soviet All-Union Society after receiving an official, although somewhat vague, admission of the past wrongdoings (covered in detail in On Dissidents and Madness by Robert van Voren). In 1991, the W.P.A. undertook an ad hoc psychiatric inspection of the Soviet Union that Dr. Jim Birley headed. Dr. Loren Roth and other experts who served on the 1989 U.S. State Department mission joined this inspection.","In 1990, a delegation of Soviet psychiatrists and politicians visited the United States for an educational trip to American psychiatric services and scholarly dialogues.","Researchers are encouraged to read the resources listed below to gain a better understanding of the historical events surrounding the 1989 delegation:","- the Schizophrenia Bulletin (supplement to Vol 15, # 4, 1989), which contains the brief overview of the reasons, methodology, and findings of the American team in the U.S., the final report of the U.S. delegation both in English and Russian, as well as the Soviet response in both languages (Hyperlink1)\n- The New York Times article \"Accord Is Sought by U.S. And Soviet on Mental Wards\" of May 22, 1988\n- The Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, Volume 49, Number 4, 2021 \"Jonas Rappeport: A Direct, Accomplished AAPL Leader\" by Dr. Loren Roth\n- Report by the World Psychiatric Association Team on the Visit to the Soviet Union, 9-29 June 1991, headed by Dr. Jim Burley\n- Human Rights, Perestroika, and the End of the Cold War co-authored by Anatoly Adamishin and Richard Schifter in 2009","In 2021, three decades after the 1989 trip to assess the conditions of Soviet citizens confined in psychiatric hospitals for political reasons, an oral history project was initiated to document it. Loren H. Roth, Ellen Mercer, and Richard Bonnie, three members of the delegation, had always wanted to evaluate if the mission had had any lasting impact on the lives of the people interviewed and on the quality and ethical integrity of psychiatric care in the countries of the former Soviet Union. The oral history project began in conjunction with the donation of Loren Roth's papers to the University of Virginia School of Law Library. Olena Protsenko, a Ukrainian human rights lawyer, organized Roth's papers and began researching related collections. Richard Bonnie's papers and Saleem Shah's files on the abuse of psychiatry, also part of the University of Virginia Law Library manuscript collections, were essential to the project's development.","Olena Protsenko processed this collection. She was a post-doctoral Research Associate in Psychiatry and Law at the University of Virginia School of Law.","This collection is divided into two series. The first series, \"abuse of psychiatry and psychiatrists\", consists of subject files compiled by Dr. Loren Roth, Professor of Psychiatry at the University of Pittsburgh. They are evidence of Dr. Roth's efforts to stop the abuse of psychiatry and psychiatrists for political reasons, with an emphasis on the former Soviet Union. The subject files contain correspondence, articles, reports, evaluations, meeting minutes, agendas, planning materials, diaries, photographs, memoranda, handwritten notes, programs, books, videotapes, ephemera, and other items. Together, these materials date from around 1950 to 2008. However the bulk of them date from the 1970s to the 1990s, when Dr. Roth participated in U.S. delegations to the former Soviet Union and was part of the American Psychological Association's (APA) Committees on Human Rights and International Abuse of Psychiatry and Psychiatrists.","The second series consists of materials that were gathered and produced for the \"Retrospective Review of the 1989 U.S. State Department Psychiatric Mission to the U.S.S.R.\" project. These materials include oral history interviews with individuals involved with the 1989 mission, a 1989 recorded interview with a psychiatric patient, project correspondence, biographical files, interview minutes, and an organizational chart. Most of the items in this series date from the time of the project, 2021 to 2022.","The Arthur J. Morris Law Library does not grant researchers permission to publish copies of any of the materials in this collection.","Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","Roth, Loren H.","Bloom, Joseph D.","Borissow, Kyrill","Carpenter, William T.","Farrand, Robert William, 1934-","Hirschfeld, Robert M. A.","Hopkins, William H. (William Hugh), 1942-","Keith, Samuel J.","Kleyman, Felix, Dr.","Kovalev, A. A. (Andreĭ Anatolʹevich)","Mercer, Ellen Robertson","Monahan, John (John Thomas), 1946-","Reddaway, Peter (1939)","Regier, Darrel A.","Smith, Carolyn","Stern, Leon","English\n      Russian"],"collection_title_tesim":["Loren Roth papers, 1950/2022, bulk 1974/2022"],"collection_ssim":["Loren Roth papers, 1950/2022, bulk 1974/2022"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS.2021.01","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/1347"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS.2021.01","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/1347"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_ssm":["Roth, Loren H.","Bloom, Joseph D.","Borissow, Kyrill","Carpenter, William T.","Farrand, Robert William, 1934-","Hirschfeld, Robert M. A.","Hopkins, William H. (William Hugh), 1942-","Keith, Samuel J.","Kleyman, Felix, Dr.","Kovalev, A. A. (Andreĭ Anatolʹevich)","Mercer, Ellen Robertson","Monahan, John (John Thomas), 1946-","Reddaway, Peter (1939)","Regier, Darrel A.","Smith, Carolyn","Stern, Leon"],"creator_ssim":["Roth, Loren H.","Bloom, Joseph D.","Borissow, Kyrill","Carpenter, William T.","Farrand, Robert William, 1934-","Hirschfeld, Robert M. A.","Hopkins, William H. (William Hugh), 1942-","Keith, Samuel J.","Kleyman, Felix, Dr.","Kovalev, A. A. (Andreĭ Anatolʹevich)","Mercer, Ellen Robertson","Monahan, John (John Thomas), 1946-","Reddaway, Peter (1939)","Regier, Darrel A.","Smith, Carolyn","Stern, Leon"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Roth, Loren H.","Bloom, Joseph D.","Borissow, Kyrill","Carpenter, William T.","Farrand, Robert William, 1934-","Hirschfeld, Robert M. A.","Hopkins, William H. (William Hugh), 1942-","Keith, Samuel J.","Kleyman, Felix, Dr.","Kovalev, A. A. (Andreĭ Anatolʹevich)","Mercer, Ellen Robertson","Monahan, John (John Thomas), 1946-","Reddaway, Peter (1939)","Regier, Darrel A.","Smith, Carolyn","Stern, Leon"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections"],"creators_ssim":["Roth, Loren H.","Bloom, Joseph D.","Borissow, Kyrill","Carpenter, William T.","Farrand, Robert William, 1934-","Hirschfeld, Robert M. A.","Hopkins, William H. (William Hugh), 1942-","Keith, Samuel J.","Kleyman, Felix, Dr.","Kovalev, A. A. (Andreĭ Anatolʹevich)","Mercer, Ellen Robertson","Monahan, John (John Thomas), 1946-","Reddaway, Peter (1939)","Regier, Darrel A.","Smith, Carolyn","Stern, Leon","Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections"],"access_terms_ssm":["The Arthur J. Morris Law Library does not grant researchers permission to publish copies of any of the materials in this collection."],"acqinfo_ssim":["In March 2023, Dr. Loren Henry Roth donated all of the materials in this collection to the University of Virginia Law Library."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Psychiatry -- Soviet Union","Political prisoners -- Soviet Union","Dissenters -- Soviet Union"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Psychiatry -- Soviet Union","Political prisoners -- Soviet Union","Dissenters -- Soviet Union"],"has_online_content_ssim":["true"],"extent_ssm":["12.75 Cubic Feet 25 boxes","138.5775 Gigabytes"],"extent_tesim":["12.75 Cubic Feet 25 boxes","138.5775 Gigabytes"],"date_range_isim":[1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018,2019,2020,2021,2022],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers may only access and view the materials in this collection onsite and in-person at the University of Virginia Law Library in Charlottesville, Virginia. The following additional restrictions apply to any materials that contain the names of the interviewees of the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the Soviet Union and/or 1991 ad hoc mission to the Soviet Union by the World Psychiatric Association:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1. To obtain access to these records, interested researchers must sign a form to agree not to use, document, or disclose names of the patients or their families, or other identifying information about these persons and to abide by all the provisions specified in the present document. The form is available on site from the responsible official of the UVA Law Library. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e2. These materials may not be copied, photographed, or otherwise reproduced digitally. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e3. Before accessing the requested materials, interested researchers must agree to abide by reasonable administrative, technical, and physical safeguards, as approved by the UVA Law Library, to prevent unauthorized use or disclosure of the information. These procedures shall be followed by all persons associated with the applicant's research project.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e4. Records in this category are also subject to the following safeguards: (i) Any information that would permit the identification of an individual (names, biographical data, etc.) may not be used, documented, or made public by the researcher, nor will any attempt to contact them be made. However, this does not preclude the researcher from contacting a person in advance of gaining access, for the purpose of obtaining access.  (ii) If a researcher obtains written authorization for access from an interviewee or from his/her legal guardian, the records may be made available to that researcher. (iii) Interviewees themselves may have free access to their own health information if contained in this collection. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e5. If the University of Virginia Law Library discovers that a researcher has violated the confidentiality of information or the conditions of access, the Law Library shall take steps to revoke the research privileges of the researcher and shall consult with University of Virginia legal counsel to prevent further disclosure of the health information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFinally, different access restrictions may apply to some of the items in  this collection. Whenever possible, archivists have made a note of these restrictions in other parts of the finding aid.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Researchers may only access and view the materials in this collection onsite and in-person at the University of Virginia Law Library in Charlottesville, Virginia. The following additional restrictions apply to any materials that contain the names of the interviewees of the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the Soviet Union and/or 1991 ad hoc mission to the Soviet Union by the World Psychiatric Association:","1. To obtain access to these records, interested researchers must sign a form to agree not to use, document, or disclose names of the patients or their families, or other identifying information about these persons and to abide by all the provisions specified in the present document. The form is available on site from the responsible official of the UVA Law Library.","2. These materials may not be copied, photographed, or otherwise reproduced digitally.","3. Before accessing the requested materials, interested researchers must agree to abide by reasonable administrative, technical, and physical safeguards, as approved by the UVA Law Library, to prevent unauthorized use or disclosure of the information. These procedures shall be followed by all persons associated with the applicant's research project.","4. Records in this category are also subject to the following safeguards: (i) Any information that would permit the identification of an individual (names, biographical data, etc.) may not be used, documented, or made public by the researcher, nor will any attempt to contact them be made. However, this does not preclude the researcher from contacting a person in advance of gaining access, for the purpose of obtaining access.  (ii) If a researcher obtains written authorization for access from an interviewee or from his/her legal guardian, the records may be made available to that researcher. (iii) Interviewees themselves may have free access to their own health information if contained in this collection.","5. If the University of Virginia Law Library discovers that a researcher has violated the confidentiality of information or the conditions of access, the Law Library shall take steps to revoke the research privileges of the researcher and shall consult with University of Virginia legal counsel to prevent further disclosure of the health information.","Finally, different access restrictions may apply to some of the items in  this collection. Whenever possible, archivists have made a note of these restrictions in other parts of the finding aid."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWhile it is understood that the misuse of psychiatry for non-medical reasons allegedly started in the U.S.S.R. after the October Revolution of 1917, its widespread and systematic use as a tool to silence political dissent became well-documented during Khrushchev's era. In a 1959 speech attributed to Khrushchev, he allegedly attempted to justify putting dissidents in psychiatric hospitals by saying that only a mentally ill person may be opposed to Communism (1). While there also were \"political\" parts of the R.S.F.S.R. Criminal Code that criminalized anti-Soviet agitation and slander of the Soviet state, psychiatry was often used to isolate dissidents, punish them with psychiatric drugs, discredit their ideas, and avoid criminal law procedures.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe \"Sluggish schizophrenia\" concept developed by academician Snezhnevsky had overly broad diagnostic criteria that allowed the diagnosis of schizophrenia in patients who showed no symptoms, on the assumption that these symptoms would appear later (2). In almost every case, dissidents were examined at the Serbsky Central Research Institute for Forensic Psychiatry.\nInformation about Soviet repressive psychiatry became well-known in the West after 1971 dissident Vladimir Bukovsky smuggled over 150 pages documenting the political abuse of psychiatric institutions in the Soviet Union into the West. The papers were studied by independent psychiatrists in several countries and released to the press (3). \"Bukovsky's papers\" galvanized human rights activists worldwide and those within the Soviet Union.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWhile the attempt to bring the matter to the official agenda of the World Psychiatric Association (W.P.A.) at their 1971 World Congress in Mexico was unsuccessful, it kept gaining more and more outcry worldwide. So, in 1977, the W.P.A. adopted the Hawaii Declaration – a milestone defining principles of good and ethical medical practice. The All-Union Society of Psychiatrists and Narcologists, the official Soviet professional organization, was bound to withdraw from the W.P.A. at its next Congress in 1983—the allegations of the political abuse of psychiatry inflicted irretrievable damage on the prestige of Soviet medicine.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1975, the Soviet Union, the United States, and other countries signed the Helsinki Accords - the key document of the Conference of Security and Cooperation in Europe (C.S.C.E.). The Accords signaled a détente between the East and the West and built the foundation for the end of the Cold War, the U.S.-Soviet disarmament talks, and the \"third basket\" on human rights and freedoms in the Soviet Union.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMikhail Gorbachev, who became the head of the Soviet Communist Party in 1985, prioritized the improvement of U.S.-Soviet relations. Also, Gorbachev launched the domestic \"perestroika\" (restructuring) and \"glasnost\" (openness) initiatives. These combined foreign and domestic policy developments fostered interest, internally and externally, in the plight of Soviet political prisoners. The Soviet Union released many political prisoners from labor camps, and in April 1987, Secretary Schultz and Soviet Minister of Foreign Affairs Shevardnadze agreed on a human rights dialog (4). As part of this broader dialog, in September 1987, the Soviet representatives began to try to assure their American counterparts that the abuse of psychiatry had ended (5).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNotes:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1. Khrushchev had said this in a speech published in the state newspaper Pravda on 24 May 1959: A crime is a deviation from generally recognized standards of behaviour frequently caused by mental disorder. Can there be diseases, nervous disorders among certain people in a Communist society? Evidently yes. If that is so, then there will also be offences, which are characteristic of people with abnormal minds. Of those who might start calling for opposition to Communism on this basis, we can say that clearly their mental state is not normal.\nKnapp, Martin, et al. Mental Health Policy and Practice Across Europe: The Future Direction of Mental Health Care, McGraw-Hill Education, 2006. ProQuest Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/uva/detail.action?docID=316293.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e2. Sfera, Adonis. Can psychiatry be misused again?. Frontiers in Psychiatry. 9 September 2013;(4):101. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2013.00101. PMID 24058348.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e3. For more information, see Reddaway, Peter (12 March 1971). \"Plea to West on Soviet 'mad-house' jails\". The Times. p. 8.; Bloch, Sidney; Reddaway, Peter (1984). Soviet Psychiatric Abuse. The Shadow Over World Psychiatry. London: Gollancz.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e4. Schifter-Adamishin book, timeline, page xix\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e5. Id, pages xix and xx\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eDuring the late 1980s, U.S.-Soviet discussions about the abuse of psychiatry led to the formation of a special U.S. delegation to the Soviet Union. In February 1989, the U.S.S.R. allowed the delegation to independently assess 27 Soviet citizens believed to have been psychiatrically committed for non-medical reasons. The U.S.S.R. also allowed the delegation to inspect ordinary psychiatric hospitals and other hospitals known as \"psychoprisons.\" The U.S. delegation's psychiatric leader was Dr. Loren Roth of the University of Pittsburgh. The U.S. State Department organized the trip, closely cooperating with the American Psychiatric Association and the National Institute of Mental Health. Their Soviet counterparts were the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The Soviet Ministry of Health and the conservative leadership of Soviet psychiatry, both believed to have been deeply involved in abuse, internally opposed the visit. However, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs overcame this opposition, and their support was critical to the U.S. delegation's success.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe U.S. delegation consisted of leading experts in psychiatry, forensic psychiatry, forensic psychology, law, and Sovietology. Also, it included a representative of the American Psychological Association (A.P.A.), and émigré Soviet psychiatrists living in the United States.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrom April 1988 onward, Dr. Loren Roth engaged in extensive negotiations with his Soviet counterparts on the details of the visit. They discussed the list of people (\"patients\") to be assessed by the delegation and the processes for obtaining their consent. There were difficult negotiations over the presence of Soviet psychiatrists during the examinations, and the need to protect the interviewees from potential intimidation and retaliation.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe U.S. delegation advocated for and adopted critical precautions to ensure the transparency of the mission and its findings. They used scientifically developed structural psychiatric interview schedules, brought U.S. interpreters to assist the delegation, avoided sharing the cost of the trip with the Soviet side, collected urine samples to rule out overmedication, videotaped the interviews, and spoke with friends/relatives of those interviewed.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlthough there was a significant risk that the Soviet Union would cancel the delegation's visit, it occurred between February and March, 1989. The American team evaluated 27 Soviet citizens and inspected special psychiatric hospitals in Kazan and Chernyakhovsk as well as ordinary psychiatric hospitals in Vilnius and Kaunas.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAmong those interviewed by the U.S. team were people still hospitalized, and those who had been previously discharged. The American team was greatly assisted by Mr. Aleksandr \"Sasha\" Podrabinek, the Soviet and, subsequently, Russian dissident. He was an expert on the issue of abuse of psychiatry and author of the 1979 book \"Punitive Medicine\" (see references). Mr. Podrabinek facilitated access to those who had been previously released and claimed to be unavailable by Soviet counterparts.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe U.S. team detailed their conclusions in their final report, \"Assessment of Recent Changes in Soviet Psychiatry\" (available in this collection), which researchers are encouraged to read. The Soviet Union responded officially with its own report.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe 1989 visit laid a foundation for subsequent collaboration between the two countries in the area of mental health. The U.S.-Russia Health Committee met from 1994 to 2000 as a part of a larger Gore-Chernomyrdin Commission. It focused, in particular, on mental health care during disasters and the primary care physician's role in caring for patients with depression.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eShortly after the American mission was over, the W.P.A. congress in Athens decided to provisionally readmit the Soviet All-Union Society after receiving an official, although somewhat vague, admission of the past wrongdoings (covered in detail in On Dissidents and Madness by Robert van Voren). In 1991, the W.P.A. undertook an ad hoc psychiatric inspection of the Soviet Union that Dr. Jim Birley headed. Dr. Loren Roth and other experts who served on the 1989 U.S. State Department mission joined this inspection.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1990, a delegation of Soviet psychiatrists and politicians visited the United States for an educational trip to American psychiatric services and scholarly dialogues.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nResearchers are encouraged to read the resources listed below to gain a better understanding of the historical events surrounding the 1989 delegation:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e- the Schizophrenia Bulletin (supplement to Vol 15, # 4, 1989), which contains the brief overview of the reasons, methodology, and findings of the American team in the U.S., the final report of the U.S. delegation both in English and Russian, as well as the Soviet response in both languages (Hyperlink1)\n- The New York Times article \"Accord Is Sought by U.S. And Soviet on Mental Wards\" of May 22, 1988\n- The Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, Volume 49, Number 4, 2021 \"Jonas Rappeport: A Direct, Accomplished AAPL Leader\" by Dr. Loren Roth\n- Report by the World Psychiatric Association Team on the Visit to the Soviet Union, 9-29 June 1991, headed by Dr. Jim Burley\n- Human Rights, Perestroika, and the End of the Cold War co-authored by Anatoly Adamishin and Richard Schifter in 2009\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eIn 2021, three decades after the 1989 trip to assess the conditions of Soviet citizens confined in psychiatric hospitals for political reasons, an oral history project was initiated to document it. Loren H. Roth, Ellen Mercer, and Richard Bonnie, three members of the delegation, had always wanted to evaluate if the mission had had any lasting impact on the lives of the people interviewed and on the quality and ethical integrity of psychiatric care in the countries of the former Soviet Union. The oral history project began in conjunction with the donation of Loren Roth's papers to the University of Virginia School of Law Library. Olena Protsenko, a Ukrainian human rights lawyer, organized Roth's papers and began researching related collections. Richard Bonnie's papers and Saleem Shah's files on the abuse of psychiatry, also part of the University of Virginia Law Library manuscript collections, were essential to the project's development.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["History of the Abuse of Psychiatry and Psychiatrists in the U.S.S.R.","History of the 1989 U.S. State Department Investigative Mission to the U.S.S.R.","History of the 2021-2022 Oral History Project"],"bioghist_tesim":["While it is understood that the misuse of psychiatry for non-medical reasons allegedly started in the U.S.S.R. after the October Revolution of 1917, its widespread and systematic use as a tool to silence political dissent became well-documented during Khrushchev's era. In a 1959 speech attributed to Khrushchev, he allegedly attempted to justify putting dissidents in psychiatric hospitals by saying that only a mentally ill person may be opposed to Communism (1). While there also were \"political\" parts of the R.S.F.S.R. Criminal Code that criminalized anti-Soviet agitation and slander of the Soviet state, psychiatry was often used to isolate dissidents, punish them with psychiatric drugs, discredit their ideas, and avoid criminal law procedures.","The \"Sluggish schizophrenia\" concept developed by academician Snezhnevsky had overly broad diagnostic criteria that allowed the diagnosis of schizophrenia in patients who showed no symptoms, on the assumption that these symptoms would appear later (2). In almost every case, dissidents were examined at the Serbsky Central Research Institute for Forensic Psychiatry.\nInformation about Soviet repressive psychiatry became well-known in the West after 1971 dissident Vladimir Bukovsky smuggled over 150 pages documenting the political abuse of psychiatric institutions in the Soviet Union into the West. The papers were studied by independent psychiatrists in several countries and released to the press (3). \"Bukovsky's papers\" galvanized human rights activists worldwide and those within the Soviet Union.","While the attempt to bring the matter to the official agenda of the World Psychiatric Association (W.P.A.) at their 1971 World Congress in Mexico was unsuccessful, it kept gaining more and more outcry worldwide. So, in 1977, the W.P.A. adopted the Hawaii Declaration – a milestone defining principles of good and ethical medical practice. The All-Union Society of Psychiatrists and Narcologists, the official Soviet professional organization, was bound to withdraw from the W.P.A. at its next Congress in 1983—the allegations of the political abuse of psychiatry inflicted irretrievable damage on the prestige of Soviet medicine.","In 1975, the Soviet Union, the United States, and other countries signed the Helsinki Accords - the key document of the Conference of Security and Cooperation in Europe (C.S.C.E.). The Accords signaled a détente between the East and the West and built the foundation for the end of the Cold War, the U.S.-Soviet disarmament talks, and the \"third basket\" on human rights and freedoms in the Soviet Union.","Mikhail Gorbachev, who became the head of the Soviet Communist Party in 1985, prioritized the improvement of U.S.-Soviet relations. Also, Gorbachev launched the domestic \"perestroika\" (restructuring) and \"glasnost\" (openness) initiatives. These combined foreign and domestic policy developments fostered interest, internally and externally, in the plight of Soviet political prisoners. The Soviet Union released many political prisoners from labor camps, and in April 1987, Secretary Schultz and Soviet Minister of Foreign Affairs Shevardnadze agreed on a human rights dialog (4). As part of this broader dialog, in September 1987, the Soviet representatives began to try to assure their American counterparts that the abuse of psychiatry had ended (5).","Notes:","1. Khrushchev had said this in a speech published in the state newspaper Pravda on 24 May 1959: A crime is a deviation from generally recognized standards of behaviour frequently caused by mental disorder. Can there be diseases, nervous disorders among certain people in a Communist society? Evidently yes. If that is so, then there will also be offences, which are characteristic of people with abnormal minds. Of those who might start calling for opposition to Communism on this basis, we can say that clearly their mental state is not normal.\nKnapp, Martin, et al. Mental Health Policy and Practice Across Europe: The Future Direction of Mental Health Care, McGraw-Hill Education, 2006. ProQuest Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/uva/detail.action?docID=316293.","2. Sfera, Adonis. Can psychiatry be misused again?. Frontiers in Psychiatry. 9 September 2013;(4):101. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2013.00101. PMID 24058348.","3. For more information, see Reddaway, Peter (12 March 1971). \"Plea to West on Soviet 'mad-house' jails\". The Times. p. 8.; Bloch, Sidney; Reddaway, Peter (1984). Soviet Psychiatric Abuse. The Shadow Over World Psychiatry. London: Gollancz.","4. Schifter-Adamishin book, timeline, page xix","5. Id, pages xix and xx","During the late 1980s, U.S.-Soviet discussions about the abuse of psychiatry led to the formation of a special U.S. delegation to the Soviet Union. In February 1989, the U.S.S.R. allowed the delegation to independently assess 27 Soviet citizens believed to have been psychiatrically committed for non-medical reasons. The U.S.S.R. also allowed the delegation to inspect ordinary psychiatric hospitals and other hospitals known as \"psychoprisons.\" The U.S. delegation's psychiatric leader was Dr. Loren Roth of the University of Pittsburgh. The U.S. State Department organized the trip, closely cooperating with the American Psychiatric Association and the National Institute of Mental Health. Their Soviet counterparts were the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The Soviet Ministry of Health and the conservative leadership of Soviet psychiatry, both believed to have been deeply involved in abuse, internally opposed the visit. However, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs overcame this opposition, and their support was critical to the U.S. delegation's success.","The U.S. delegation consisted of leading experts in psychiatry, forensic psychiatry, forensic psychology, law, and Sovietology. Also, it included a representative of the American Psychological Association (A.P.A.), and émigré Soviet psychiatrists living in the United States.","From April 1988 onward, Dr. Loren Roth engaged in extensive negotiations with his Soviet counterparts on the details of the visit. They discussed the list of people (\"patients\") to be assessed by the delegation and the processes for obtaining their consent. There were difficult negotiations over the presence of Soviet psychiatrists during the examinations, and the need to protect the interviewees from potential intimidation and retaliation.","The U.S. delegation advocated for and adopted critical precautions to ensure the transparency of the mission and its findings. They used scientifically developed structural psychiatric interview schedules, brought U.S. interpreters to assist the delegation, avoided sharing the cost of the trip with the Soviet side, collected urine samples to rule out overmedication, videotaped the interviews, and spoke with friends/relatives of those interviewed.","Although there was a significant risk that the Soviet Union would cancel the delegation's visit, it occurred between February and March, 1989. The American team evaluated 27 Soviet citizens and inspected special psychiatric hospitals in Kazan and Chernyakhovsk as well as ordinary psychiatric hospitals in Vilnius and Kaunas.","Among those interviewed by the U.S. team were people still hospitalized, and those who had been previously discharged. The American team was greatly assisted by Mr. Aleksandr \"Sasha\" Podrabinek, the Soviet and, subsequently, Russian dissident. He was an expert on the issue of abuse of psychiatry and author of the 1979 book \"Punitive Medicine\" (see references). Mr. Podrabinek facilitated access to those who had been previously released and claimed to be unavailable by Soviet counterparts.","The U.S. team detailed their conclusions in their final report, \"Assessment of Recent Changes in Soviet Psychiatry\" (available in this collection), which researchers are encouraged to read. The Soviet Union responded officially with its own report.","The 1989 visit laid a foundation for subsequent collaboration between the two countries in the area of mental health. The U.S.-Russia Health Committee met from 1994 to 2000 as a part of a larger Gore-Chernomyrdin Commission. It focused, in particular, on mental health care during disasters and the primary care physician's role in caring for patients with depression.","Shortly after the American mission was over, the W.P.A. congress in Athens decided to provisionally readmit the Soviet All-Union Society after receiving an official, although somewhat vague, admission of the past wrongdoings (covered in detail in On Dissidents and Madness by Robert van Voren). In 1991, the W.P.A. undertook an ad hoc psychiatric inspection of the Soviet Union that Dr. Jim Birley headed. Dr. Loren Roth and other experts who served on the 1989 U.S. State Department mission joined this inspection.","In 1990, a delegation of Soviet psychiatrists and politicians visited the United States for an educational trip to American psychiatric services and scholarly dialogues.","Researchers are encouraged to read the resources listed below to gain a better understanding of the historical events surrounding the 1989 delegation:","- the Schizophrenia Bulletin (supplement to Vol 15, # 4, 1989), which contains the brief overview of the reasons, methodology, and findings of the American team in the U.S., the final report of the U.S. delegation both in English and Russian, as well as the Soviet response in both languages (Hyperlink1)\n- The New York Times article \"Accord Is Sought by U.S. And Soviet on Mental Wards\" of May 22, 1988\n- The Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, Volume 49, Number 4, 2021 \"Jonas Rappeport: A Direct, Accomplished AAPL Leader\" by Dr. Loren Roth\n- Report by the World Psychiatric Association Team on the Visit to the Soviet Union, 9-29 June 1991, headed by Dr. Jim Burley\n- Human Rights, Perestroika, and the End of the Cold War co-authored by Anatoly Adamishin and Richard Schifter in 2009","In 2021, three decades after the 1989 trip to assess the conditions of Soviet citizens confined in psychiatric hospitals for political reasons, an oral history project was initiated to document it. Loren H. Roth, Ellen Mercer, and Richard Bonnie, three members of the delegation, had always wanted to evaluate if the mission had had any lasting impact on the lives of the people interviewed and on the quality and ethical integrity of psychiatric care in the countries of the former Soviet Union. The oral history project began in conjunction with the donation of Loren Roth's papers to the University of Virginia School of Law Library. Olena Protsenko, a Ukrainian human rights lawyer, organized Roth's papers and began researching related collections. Richard Bonnie's papers and Saleem Shah's files on the abuse of psychiatry, also part of the University of Virginia Law Library manuscript collections, were essential to the project's development."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOlena Protsenko processed this collection. She was a post-doctoral Research Associate in Psychiatry and Law at the University of Virginia School of Law.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Olena Protsenko processed this collection. She was a post-doctoral Research Associate in Psychiatry and Law at the University of Virginia School of Law."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is divided into two series. The first series, \"abuse of psychiatry and psychiatrists\", consists of subject files compiled by Dr. Loren Roth, Professor of Psychiatry at the University of Pittsburgh. They are evidence of Dr. Roth's efforts to stop the abuse of psychiatry and psychiatrists for political reasons, with an emphasis on the former Soviet Union. The subject files contain correspondence, articles, reports, evaluations, meeting minutes, agendas, planning materials, diaries, photographs, memoranda, handwritten notes, programs, books, videotapes, ephemera, and other items. Together, these materials date from around 1950 to 2008. However the bulk of them date from the 1970s to the 1990s, when Dr. Roth participated in U.S. delegations to the former Soviet Union and was part of the American Psychological Association's (APA) Committees on Human Rights and International Abuse of Psychiatry and Psychiatrists.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThe second series consists of materials that were gathered and produced for the \"Retrospective Review of the 1989 U.S. State Department Psychiatric Mission to the U.S.S.R.\" project. These materials include oral history interviews with individuals involved with the 1989 mission, a 1989 recorded interview with a psychiatric patient, project correspondence, biographical files, interview minutes, and an organizational chart. Most of the items in this series date from the time of the project, 2021 to 2022.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection is divided into two series. The first series, \"abuse of psychiatry and psychiatrists\", consists of subject files compiled by Dr. Loren Roth, Professor of Psychiatry at the University of Pittsburgh. They are evidence of Dr. Roth's efforts to stop the abuse of psychiatry and psychiatrists for political reasons, with an emphasis on the former Soviet Union. The subject files contain correspondence, articles, reports, evaluations, meeting minutes, agendas, planning materials, diaries, photographs, memoranda, handwritten notes, programs, books, videotapes, ephemera, and other items. Together, these materials date from around 1950 to 2008. However the bulk of them date from the 1970s to the 1990s, when Dr. Roth participated in U.S. delegations to the former Soviet Union and was part of the American Psychological Association's (APA) Committees on Human Rights and International Abuse of Psychiatry and Psychiatrists.","The second series consists of materials that were gathered and produced for the \"Retrospective Review of the 1989 U.S. State Department Psychiatric Mission to the U.S.S.R.\" project. These materials include oral history interviews with individuals involved with the 1989 mission, a 1989 recorded interview with a psychiatric patient, project correspondence, biographical files, interview minutes, and an organizational chart. Most of the items in this series date from the time of the project, 2021 to 2022."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Arthur J. Morris Law Library does not grant researchers permission to publish copies of any of the materials in this collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The Arthur J. Morris Law Library does not grant researchers permission to publish copies of any of the materials in this collection."],"corpname_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections"],"persname_ssim":["Roth, Loren H.","Bloom, Joseph D.","Borissow, Kyrill","Carpenter, William T.","Farrand, Robert William, 1934-","Hirschfeld, Robert M. A.","Hopkins, William H. (William Hugh), 1942-","Keith, Samuel J.","Kleyman, Felix, Dr.","Kovalev, A. A. (Andreĭ Anatolʹevich)","Mercer, Ellen Robertson","Monahan, John (John Thomas), 1946-","Reddaway, Peter (1939)","Regier, Darrel A.","Smith, Carolyn","Stern, Leon"],"names_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","Roth, Loren H.","Bloom, Joseph D.","Borissow, Kyrill","Carpenter, William T.","Farrand, Robert William, 1934-","Hirschfeld, Robert M. A.","Hopkins, William H. (William Hugh), 1942-","Keith, Samuel J.","Kleyman, Felix, Dr.","Kovalev, A. A. (Andreĭ Anatolʹevich)","Mercer, Ellen Robertson","Monahan, John (John Thomas), 1946-","Reddaway, Peter (1939)","Regier, Darrel A.","Smith, Carolyn","Stern, Leon"],"language_ssim":["English\n      Russian"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":263,"online_item_count_is":18,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:54:27.406Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_4_resources_1347_c01_c10"}},{"id":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_50_c03_c04","type":"Sub-Series","attributes":{"title":"Annual and Board Meeting Reports, 1981/1994","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_50_c03_c04#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_50_c03_c04","ref_ssm":["vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_50_c03_c04"],"id":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_50_c03_c04","ead_ssi":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_50","_root_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_50","_nest_parent_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_50_c03","parent_ssi":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_50_c03","parent_ssim":["Eleanor Lee Templeman Collection (MS061), 1810/1990","Series III: Society of the Lees of Virginia, 1921/1994"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_50","vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_50_c03"],"title_filing_ssi":"Annual and Board Meeting Reports","title_ssm":["Annual and Board Meeting Reports"],"title_tesim":["Annual and Board Meeting Reports"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Annual and Board Meeting Reports, 1981/1994"],"text":["Annual and Board Meeting Reports, 1981/1994","Eleanor Lee Templeman Collection (MS061), 1810/1990","Series III: Society of the Lees of Virginia, 1921/1994"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Eleanor Lee Templeman Collection (MS061), 1810/1990","Series III: Society of the Lees of Virginia, 1921/1994"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Eleanor Lee Templeman Collection (MS061), 1810/1990","Series III: Society of the Lees of Virginia, 1921/1994"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1981/1994"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1981-1994"],"level_ssm":["Sub-Series"],"level_ssim":["Sub-series"],"component_level_isim":[2],"sort_isi":134,"repository_ssim":["Alexandria Library"],"collection_ssim":["Eleanor Lee Templeman Collection (MS061), 1810/1990"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":22,"date_range_isim":[1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994],"_nest_path_":"/components#2/components#3","timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:22:04.515Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_50","ead_ssi":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_50","_root_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_50","_nest_parent_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_50","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/ALEX/repositories_2_resources_50.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://alexlibraryva.libraryhost.com/repositories/2/resources/50","title_ssm":["Eleanor Lee Templeman Collection (MS061)"],"title_tesim":["Eleanor Lee Templeman Collection (MS061)"],"unitdate_ssm":["1810-1990"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1810-1990"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1810/1990"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Eleanor Lee Templeman Collection (MS061), 1810/1990"],"text":["Eleanor Lee Templeman Collection (MS061), 1810/1990","MS061","Virginia -- Genealogy.","Society of the Lees of Virginia","Sully Plantation","Leesylvania State Park","Series I: Articles, 1928-1990; Series II: Autobiography and Biographical Information; Series III: Society of the Lees of Virginia, 1921-1994; Series IV: Lee Family, 1810-1990 (Bulk dates from 1970-1990); Series V: Family Histories; Series VI: Printed Matter, 1909-1979; Series VII: People and Places, 1919-1990; Series VIII: Book Publishing Records, 1972-1990; Series IX: Donations; Series X: Card File of Article Titles; Series XI: Scrapbooks; Series XII: Photographs","Eleanor Lee Reading Templeman (1906-1990) was a\nlocal historian, author, preservationist and photographer. From 1947 until her death, Mrs.\nTempleman served the Society of the Lees of Virginia as Secretary, Genealogist and Historian. She wrote four books and numerous journal articles, primarily on the Lee family and also local history. Mrs. Templeman was a driving force behind legislation to\npreserve Sully Plantation (1958) and the creation of Leesylvania State Park (1978).\nThroughout her life Mrs. Templeman collected clippings and notes on subjects related to\nthe Lee family as well as items of local interest.","The collection consists of articles, notes correspondence,\nclippings, and printed matter written and collected by Mrs. Templeman. A full set (1921-\n1994), mostly bound, of the annual reports of the Society of the Lees of Virginia is\nincluded. Duplicate copies found in the collection were retained for their value as Mrs.\nTempleman's working copies and feature marginalia and corrections. Thirty-five\npositive prints, four negatives and one transparency have been transferred to the\nPhotographic Collection. Most correspondence was retained in the subject areas it was\nfound in rather than being organized separately.","Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Templeman, Eleanor Lee ((Reading)), 1906-1990","English\n."],"collection_title_tesim":["Eleanor Lee Templeman Collection (MS061), 1810/1990"],"collection_ssim":["Eleanor Lee Templeman Collection (MS061), 1810/1990"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS061"],"unitid_tesim":["MS061"],"repository_ssm":["Alexandria Library"],"repository_ssim":["Alexandria Library"],"geogname_ssm":["Virginia -- Genealogy."],"geogname_ssim":["Virginia -- Genealogy."],"places_ssim":["Virginia -- Genealogy."],"creator_ssm":["Templeman, Eleanor Lee ((Reading)), 1906-1990"],"creator_ssim":["Templeman, Eleanor Lee ((Reading)), 1906-1990"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Templeman, Eleanor Lee ((Reading)), 1906-1990"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library"],"creators_ssim":["Templeman, Eleanor Lee ((Reading)), 1906-1990","Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Society of the Lees of Virginia","Sully Plantation","Leesylvania State Park"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Society of the Lees of Virginia","Sully Plantation","Leesylvania State Park"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["6.83 Cubic Feet 13 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["6.83 Cubic Feet 13 boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSeries I: Articles, 1928-1990; Series II: Autobiography and Biographical Information; Series III: Society of the Lees of Virginia, 1921-1994; Series IV: Lee Family, 1810-1990 (Bulk dates from 1970-1990); Series V: Family Histories; Series VI: Printed Matter, 1909-1979; Series VII: People and Places, 1919-1990; Series VIII: Book Publishing Records, 1972-1990; Series IX: Donations; Series X: Card File of Article Titles; Series XI: Scrapbooks; Series XII: Photographs\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Series I: Articles, 1928-1990; Series II: Autobiography and Biographical Information; Series III: Society of the Lees of Virginia, 1921-1994; Series IV: Lee Family, 1810-1990 (Bulk dates from 1970-1990); Series V: Family Histories; Series VI: Printed Matter, 1909-1979; Series VII: People and Places, 1919-1990; Series VIII: Book Publishing Records, 1972-1990; Series IX: Donations; Series X: Card File of Article Titles; Series XI: Scrapbooks; Series XII: Photographs"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eEleanor Lee Reading Templeman (1906-1990) was a\nlocal historian, author, preservationist and photographer. From 1947 until her death, Mrs.\nTempleman served the Society of the Lees of Virginia as Secretary, Genealogist and Historian. She wrote four books and numerous journal articles, primarily on the Lee family and also local history. Mrs. Templeman was a driving force behind legislation to\npreserve Sully Plantation (1958) and the creation of Leesylvania State Park (1978).\nThroughout her life Mrs. Templeman collected clippings and notes on subjects related to\nthe Lee family as well as items of local interest.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Eleanor Lee Reading Templeman (1906-1990) was a\nlocal historian, author, preservationist and photographer. From 1947 until her death, Mrs.\nTempleman served the Society of the Lees of Virginia as Secretary, Genealogist and Historian. She wrote four books and numerous journal articles, primarily on the Lee family and also local history. Mrs. Templeman was a driving force behind legislation to\npreserve Sully Plantation (1958) and the creation of Leesylvania State Park (1978).\nThroughout her life Mrs. Templeman collected clippings and notes on subjects related to\nthe Lee family as well as items of local interest."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Item identification], Eleanor Lee Templeman Collection, MS061, Alexandria Library, Local History and Special Collections, Alexandria, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Item identification], Eleanor Lee Templeman Collection, MS061, Alexandria Library, Local History and Special Collections, Alexandria, Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection consists of articles, notes correspondence,\nclippings, and printed matter written and collected by Mrs. Templeman. A full set (1921-\n1994), mostly bound, of the annual reports of the Society of the Lees of Virginia is\nincluded. Duplicate copies found in the collection were retained for their value as Mrs.\nTempleman's working copies and feature marginalia and corrections. Thirty-five\npositive prints, four negatives and one transparency have been transferred to the\nPhotographic Collection. Most correspondence was retained in the subject areas it was\nfound in rather than being organized separately.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection consists of articles, notes correspondence,\nclippings, and printed matter written and collected by Mrs. Templeman. A full set (1921-\n1994), mostly bound, of the annual reports of the Society of the Lees of Virginia is\nincluded. Duplicate copies found in the collection were retained for their value as Mrs.\nTempleman's working copies and feature marginalia and corrections. Thirty-five\npositive prints, four negatives and one transparency have been transferred to the\nPhotographic Collection. Most correspondence was retained in the subject areas it was\nfound in rather than being organized separately."],"corpname_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library"],"persname_ssim":["Templeman, Eleanor Lee ((Reading)), 1906-1990"],"names_coll_ssim":["Templeman, Eleanor Lee ((Reading)), 1906-1990"],"names_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Templeman, Eleanor Lee ((Reading)), 1906-1990"],"language_ssim":["English\n."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":326,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:22:04.515Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_50_c03_c04"}},{"id":"vircu_repositories_3_resources_371_c02_c01_c01","type":"Sub-Series","attributes":{"title":"Annual Meeting Records, 1953/2007","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_3_resources_371_c02_c01_c01#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vircu_repositories_3_resources_371_c02_c01_c01","ref_ssm":["vircu_repositories_3_resources_371_c02_c01_c01"],"id":"vircu_repositories_3_resources_371_c02_c01_c01","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_3_resources_371","_root_":"vircu_repositories_3_resources_371","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_3_resources_371_c02_c01","parent_ssi":"vircu_repositories_3_resources_371_c02_c01","parent_ssim":["Mid-Atlantic Chapter of the Medical Library Association records, 1953/2008","Standing Committees","Annual Meetings, 1953/2007"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vircu_repositories_3_resources_371","vircu_repositories_3_resources_371_c02","vircu_repositories_3_resources_371_c02_c01"],"title_filing_ssi":"Annual Meeting Records","title_ssm":["Annual Meeting Records"],"title_tesim":["Annual Meeting Records"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Annual Meeting Records, 1953/2007"],"text":["Annual Meeting Records, 1953/2007","Mid-Atlantic Chapter of the Medical Library Association records, 1953/2008","Standing Committees","Annual Meetings, 1953/2007"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Mid-Atlantic Chapter of the Medical Library Association records, 1953/2008","Standing Committees","Annual Meetings, 1953/2007"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Mid-Atlantic Chapter of the Medical Library Association records, 1953/2008","Standing Committees","Annual Meetings, 1953/2007"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1953/2007"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1953-2007"],"level_ssm":["Sub-Series"],"level_ssim":["Sub-series"],"component_level_isim":[3],"sort_isi":106,"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"collection_ssim":["Mid-Atlantic Chapter of the Medical Library Association records, 1953/2008"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":48,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection is open to research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["There are no restrictions."],"date_range_isim":[1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007],"_nest_path_":"/components#1/components#0/components#0","timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:39:57.621Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vircu_repositories_3_resources_371","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_3_resources_371","_root_":"vircu_repositories_3_resources_371","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_3_resources_371","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VCU/repositories_3_resources_371.xml","title_ssm":["Mid-Atlantic Chapter of the Medical Library Association records"],"title_tesim":["Mid-Atlantic Chapter of the Medical Library Association records"],"unitdate_ssm":["1953-2008"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1953-2008"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1953/2008"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Mid-Atlantic Chapter of the Medical Library Association records, 1953/2008"],"text":["Mid-Atlantic Chapter of the Medical Library Association records, 1953/2008","2005.Mar.05","/repositories/3/resources/371","Libraries, Medical -- history.","Librarians.","Medical librarians -- Societies, etc.","Medical librarianship -- Societies, etc. -- United States","Collection is open to research.","Additional records of MAC and its predecessors can be found in the records of the  Medical Library Association at the National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland.","The Collection is arranged in three subgroups. Original file designations and collection organization was retained where possible. Collection was compiled from the records of MAC officers and members.","List of Series\n      Subgroup 1: Board of Directors\n      Series 1: Minutes, Working Papers, and Reports\n      Series 2: Minutes of MAC Business Meetings\n      Series 3: Financial and Treasurers Reports\n      Series 4: MAC topic/subject Files\n      Subgroup 2: Standing Committees\n      Series 1: Annual Meeting\n      Subseries 1: Annual Meeting Records\n      Annual Meeting Evaluation\n      Subseries 2: Photographs\n      Subseries 3: Memorabilia\n      Series 2: Membership and Recruitment Committee\n      Subseries 1: Administrative Records\n      Subseries 2: MAC Membership Directory\n      Series 3: Professional Development Committee\n      Series 4: Communication Committee\n      Subseries 1: Administrative Records\n      Subseries 2: MAC Messages\n      Series 5: Honors and Awards Committee\n      Series 6: Strategic Planning Committee\n      Subgroup 3 Other Committees and Task Forces\n      Series 1: Nominating Committee\n      Series 2: Government Relations\n      Subgroup 4 Historical Materials\n      Series 1: Historical Information related to MAC\n      Series 2: MAC/MLA Anniversaries","The Mid-Atlantic Chapter (MAC) of the Medical Library Association (MLA) began on Saturday, March 29, 1952, when eighty-six medical librarians from the District of Columbia, Maryland, Virginia, and West Virginia agreed to form the Washington DC, Area Medical Library Group. The three librarians behind this meeting are considered MAC's founders: Estelle Brodman, Scott Adams, and Ida Marian Robinson.","At the second meeting, in 1953, a study committee recommended that the group affiliate with the Medical Library Association, but retain semi-independent status. Passage of the 1964 Library Assistance Act led to grouping Washington DC, Virginia, Maryland, West Virginia, and North Carolina together as Region IV. Similarly the Washington area group expanded its boarders to take in North Carolina, formerly associated with a southern group, and West Virginia. In the early years the group had no formal officers although a chair was designated to handle the details of the annual meetings. The meetings rotated between the various states of the group.","At the 1971 annual meeting, the group's name was changed to the Mid-Atlantic Regional Group (MARG). Three years later the group began discussions to establish a more formal organizational framework to coincide with discussions held at the national level. MLA adopted a new group structure in 1979 that brought additional changes for MARG.","In 1981 MARG was reorganized into a chapter, the Mid-Atlantic Chapter (MAC). It completed its mandatory three-year test for compliance with MLA chapter guidelines in 1985. The semiannual newsletter, MAC Messages, began in 1984. The newsletter would become quarterly in 1986, then bimonthly in 1990. MAC Messages was published online beginning in 1995.","Additional information on the history of MAC is available on the organization's web site.","MAC officers and committee chairs retained the records of the organization until they were gathered together through the efforts of Diane McKenzie and the MAC Records Task Force.","The Collection includes the group's many committee reports (financial, membership, executive, etc.) as well as Board of Directors minutes and publications. The bulk of the collection documents the organization's annual meetings. Included are the packets, schedules, and agendas as well as planning documents for most of the annual meetings. In addition the records include membership roles, course descriptions for professional development and distance education courses, financial records, unit histories as well as copies of the MAC Messages newsletter. The materials date from the mid-1950s to the present. Most of the items dating from before 1974 are photocopies.","There are no restrictions.","VCU Health Sciences Library","Medical Library Association. Mid-Atlantic Chapter","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Mid-Atlantic Chapter of the Medical Library Association records, 1953/2008"],"collection_ssim":["Mid-Atlantic Chapter of the Medical Library Association records, 1953/2008"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["2005.Mar.05","/repositories/3/resources/371"],"unitid_tesim":["2005.Mar.05","/repositories/3/resources/371"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"creator_ssm":["Medical Library Association. Mid-Atlantic Chapter"],"creator_ssim":["Medical Library Association. Mid-Atlantic Chapter"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["VCU Health Sciences Library","Medical Library Association. Mid-Atlantic Chapter"],"creators_ssim":["VCU Health Sciences Library","Medical Library Association. Mid-Atlantic Chapter"],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no restrictions."],"acqinfo_ssim":["VCU Health Sciences Library was designated as the depository for MAC/MLA records in 1998.","Collection also contains the following accession numbers: 2001/Nov/15, 2000/Jul/05."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Libraries, Medical -- history.","Librarians.","Medical librarians -- Societies, etc.","Medical librarianship -- Societies, etc. -- United States"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Libraries, Medical -- history.","Librarians.","Medical librarians -- Societies, etc.","Medical librarianship -- Societies, etc. -- United States"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["7 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["7 Linear Feet"],"date_range_isim":[1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to research.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to research."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdditional records of MAC and its predecessors can be found in the records of the \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://oculus.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/f/findaid/findaid-idx?c=nlmfindaid;id=navbarbrowselink;cginame=findaid-idx;cc=nlmfindaid;view=reslist;subview=standard;didno=mla;focusrgn=frontmatter;byte=25759610\"\u003e Medical Library Association\u003c/extref\u003e at the National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials"],"altformavail_tesim":["Additional records of MAC and its predecessors can be found in the records of the  Medical Library Association at the National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Collection is arranged in three subgroups. Original file designations and collection organization was retained where possible. Collection was compiled from the records of MAC officers and members.\u003c/p\u003e    ","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003chead\u003eList of Series\u003c/head\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSubgroup 1: Board of Directors\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 1: Minutes, Working Papers, and Reports\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 2: Minutes of MAC Business Meetings\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 3: Financial and Treasurers Reports\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 4: MAC topic/subject Files\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSubgroup 2: Standing Committees\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 1: Annual Meeting\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSubseries 1: Annual Meeting Records\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eAnnual Meeting Evaluation\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSubseries 2: Photographs\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSubseries 3: Memorabilia\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 2: Membership and Recruitment Committee\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSubseries 1: Administrative Records\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSubseries 2: MAC Membership Directory\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 3: Professional Development Committee\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 4: Communication Committee\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSubseries 1: Administrative Records\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSubseries 2: \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eMAC Messages\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 5: Honors and Awards Committee\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 6: Strategic Planning Committee\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSubgroup 3 Other Committees and Task Forces\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 1: Nominating Committee\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 2: Government Relations\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSubgroup 4 Historical Materials\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 1: Historical Information related to MAC\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 2: MAC/MLA Anniversaries\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The Collection is arranged in three subgroups. Original file designations and collection organization was retained where possible. Collection was compiled from the records of MAC officers and members.","List of Series\n      Subgroup 1: Board of Directors\n      Series 1: Minutes, Working Papers, and Reports\n      Series 2: Minutes of MAC Business Meetings\n      Series 3: Financial and Treasurers Reports\n      Series 4: MAC topic/subject Files\n      Subgroup 2: Standing Committees\n      Series 1: Annual Meeting\n      Subseries 1: Annual Meeting Records\n      Annual Meeting Evaluation\n      Subseries 2: Photographs\n      Subseries 3: Memorabilia\n      Series 2: Membership and Recruitment Committee\n      Subseries 1: Administrative Records\n      Subseries 2: MAC Membership Directory\n      Series 3: Professional Development Committee\n      Series 4: Communication Committee\n      Subseries 1: Administrative Records\n      Subseries 2: MAC Messages\n      Series 5: Honors and Awards Committee\n      Series 6: Strategic Planning Committee\n      Subgroup 3 Other Committees and Task Forces\n      Series 1: Nominating Committee\n      Series 2: Government Relations\n      Subgroup 4 Historical Materials\n      Series 1: Historical Information related to MAC\n      Series 2: MAC/MLA Anniversaries"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Mid-Atlantic Chapter (MAC) of the Medical Library Association (MLA) began on Saturday, March 29, 1952, when eighty-six medical librarians from the District of Columbia, Maryland, Virginia, and West Virginia agreed to form the Washington DC, Area Medical Library Group. The three librarians behind this meeting are considered MAC's founders: Estelle Brodman, Scott Adams, and Ida Marian Robinson. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e At the second meeting, in 1953, a study committee recommended that the group affiliate with the Medical Library Association, but retain semi-independent status. Passage of the 1964 Library Assistance Act led to grouping Washington DC, Virginia, Maryland, West Virginia, and North Carolina together as Region IV. Similarly the Washington area group expanded its boarders to take in North Carolina, formerly associated with a southern group, and West Virginia. In the early years the group had no formal officers although a chair was designated to handle the details of the annual meetings. The meetings rotated between the various states of the group. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e At the 1971 annual meeting, the group's name was changed to the Mid-Atlantic Regional Group (MARG). Three years later the group began discussions to establish a more formal organizational framework to coincide with discussions held at the national level. MLA adopted a new group structure in 1979 that brought additional changes for MARG. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e In 1981 MARG was reorganized into a chapter, the Mid-Atlantic Chapter (MAC). It completed its mandatory three-year test for compliance with MLA chapter guidelines in 1985. The semiannual newsletter, \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eMAC Messages\u003c/title\u003e, began in 1984. The newsletter would become quarterly in 1986, then bimonthly in 1990. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eMAC Messages\u003c/title\u003e was published \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://macmla.org/pubs/macmessages/archive.html\"\u003eonline\u003c/extref\u003e beginning in 1995. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Additional information on the \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://macmla.org/history/index.html\"\u003ehistory of MAC\u003c/extref\u003e is available on the organization's web site.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical/Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Mid-Atlantic Chapter (MAC) of the Medical Library Association (MLA) began on Saturday, March 29, 1952, when eighty-six medical librarians from the District of Columbia, Maryland, Virginia, and West Virginia agreed to form the Washington DC, Area Medical Library Group. The three librarians behind this meeting are considered MAC's founders: Estelle Brodman, Scott Adams, and Ida Marian Robinson.","At the second meeting, in 1953, a study committee recommended that the group affiliate with the Medical Library Association, but retain semi-independent status. Passage of the 1964 Library Assistance Act led to grouping Washington DC, Virginia, Maryland, West Virginia, and North Carolina together as Region IV. Similarly the Washington area group expanded its boarders to take in North Carolina, formerly associated with a southern group, and West Virginia. In the early years the group had no formal officers although a chair was designated to handle the details of the annual meetings. The meetings rotated between the various states of the group.","At the 1971 annual meeting, the group's name was changed to the Mid-Atlantic Regional Group (MARG). Three years later the group began discussions to establish a more formal organizational framework to coincide with discussions held at the national level. MLA adopted a new group structure in 1979 that brought additional changes for MARG.","In 1981 MARG was reorganized into a chapter, the Mid-Atlantic Chapter (MAC). It completed its mandatory three-year test for compliance with MLA chapter guidelines in 1985. The semiannual newsletter, MAC Messages, began in 1984. The newsletter would become quarterly in 1986, then bimonthly in 1990. MAC Messages was published online beginning in 1995.","Additional information on the history of MAC is available on the organization's web site."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMAC officers and committee chairs retained the records of the organization until they were gathered together through the efforts of Diane McKenzie and the MAC Records Task Force.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Custodial History"],"custodhist_tesim":["MAC officers and committee chairs retained the records of the organization until they were gathered together through the efforts of Diane McKenzie and the MAC Records Task Force."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRecords of the Mid-Atlantic Chapter of the Medical Library Association, Accession #2005/Mar/05, Special Collections and Archives, Health Sciences Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Records of the Mid-Atlantic Chapter of the Medical Library Association, Accession #2005/Mar/05, Special Collections and Archives, Health Sciences Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Collection includes the group's many committee reports (financial, membership, executive, etc.) as well as Board of Directors minutes and publications. The bulk of the collection documents the organization's annual meetings. Included are the packets, schedules, and agendas as well as planning documents for most of the annual meetings. In addition the records include membership roles, course descriptions for professional development and distance education courses, financial records, unit histories as well as copies of the \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eMAC Messages\u003c/title\u003e newsletter. The materials date from the mid-1950s to the present. Most of the items dating from before 1974 are photocopies.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Collection includes the group's many committee reports (financial, membership, executive, etc.) as well as Board of Directors minutes and publications. The bulk of the collection documents the organization's annual meetings. Included are the packets, schedules, and agendas as well as planning documents for most of the annual meetings. In addition the records include membership roles, course descriptions for professional development and distance education courses, financial records, unit histories as well as copies of the MAC Messages newsletter. The materials date from the mid-1950s to the present. Most of the items dating from before 1974 are photocopies."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"corpname_ssim":["VCU Health Sciences Library","Medical Library Association. Mid-Atlantic Chapter"],"names_coll_ssim":["Medical Library Association. Mid-Atlantic Chapter"],"names_ssim":["VCU Health Sciences Library","Medical Library Association. Mid-Atlantic Chapter"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":272,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:39:57.621Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_3_resources_371_c02_c01_c01"}},{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_484_c01_c01","type":"Sub-Series","attributes":{"title":"Annual Reports, 1975/2012","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_484_c01_c01#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_484_c01_c01","ref_ssm":["vihart_repositories_4_resources_484_c01_c01"],"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_484_c01_c01","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_484","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_484","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_484_c01","parent_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_484_c01","parent_ssim":["Libraries and Educational Technologies Records, 1939/2016, bulk 1988/2009","Financial Records, 1975/2012"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vihart_repositories_4_resources_484","vihart_repositories_4_resources_484_c01"],"title_filing_ssi":"Annual Reports","title_ssm":["Annual Reports"],"title_tesim":["Annual Reports"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Annual Reports, 1975/2012"],"text":["Annual Reports, 1975/2012","Libraries and Educational Technologies Records, 1939/2016, bulk 1988/2009","Financial Records, 1975/2012"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Libraries and Educational Technologies Records, 1939/2016, bulk 1988/2009","Financial Records, 1975/2012"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Libraries and Educational Technologies Records, 1939/2016, bulk 1988/2009","Financial Records, 1975/2012"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1975/2012"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1975-2012"],"level_ssm":["Sub-Series"],"level_ssim":["Sub-series"],"component_level_isim":[2],"sort_isi":2,"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"collection_ssim":["Libraries and Educational Technologies Records, 1939/2016, bulk 1988/2009"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":31,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Collection is open for research. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Copyright for materials authored or otherwise produced as official business of James Madison University is retained by James Madison University. Copyright status for other collection materials is unknown. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the written permission of the copyright owners. Works not in the public domain cannot be commercially exploited without permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for any use rests exclusively with the user. For more information, contact the Special Collections Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Staff have taken special care to identify and remove sensitive materials found within this collection. However, in rare instances, including those already documented within this Finding Aid, privacy protected information may be revealed during use of this collection. Researchers agree to make no notes or other recordation of privacy protected information if found within this collection, and further agree not to publish or disclose such information for any purpose. Researchers agree to alert Special Collections staff if potentially privacy protected information is found within this collection. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"date_range_isim":[1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#0","timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:36:09.969Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_484","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_484","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_484","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_484","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_484.xml","title_ssm":["Libraries and Educational Technologies Records"],"title_tesim":["Libraries and Educational Technologies Records"],"unitdate_ssm":["1939-2016","1988-2009"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1939-2016"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1988-2009"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1939/2016, bulk 1988/2009"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Libraries and Educational Technologies Records, 1939/2016, bulk 1988/2009"],"text":["Libraries and Educational Technologies Records, 1939/2016, bulk 1988/2009","UA 0008","/repositories/4/resources/484","Libraries and colleges","Academic Libraries -- Finance","Academic Libraries -- Administration","Academic Libraries -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","Floor plans (orthographic projections)","CD-ROMS","DVDs","Printed Ephemera","Scrapbooks","Memorandums","Financial Records","Administrative records","Reviews (documents)","Reports","Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Collection is open for research. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","May receive regular accruals.","The collection is arranged into seven series with Series 1:Financial Records further arranged into two subseries. Series 1: Financial Records is arranged chronologically, Series 7: 2018-0621 Accession is arranged in the order in which it was received by the donor, and all other series are arranged alphabetically.","Financial Records, 1975-2012\n      Committees, 1987-2012\n      Policies, 1989-2009\n      Subject Files, 1975-2013\n      Library Faculty and Staff, 1986-2003\n      Library History, 1939-2016\n      2018-0621 Accession, 1981-2004","James Madison University's first library was housed in Maury Hall and sat 40 students. In 1915, the library was moved to Harrison Hall, increasing its capacity to 98. Fifteen years later, a reading room was added to Harrison Hall, allowing it to seat 165 students and hold 20,000+ volumes. Despite these expansions, students called for a new building with more space and better lighting in October 1937. The following year, President Samuel Duke obtained funds from the Public Works Administration (PWA) and began construction on Madison Memorial Library. The library opened on September 22, 1939, seating 350 students and holding 80,000 volumes. Increased enrollment prompted additions in 1971, 1982, and 1994. Madison Memorial Library was renamed Carrier Library in 1984 after the fourth president of the university, Ronald Carrier. Today Carrier Library contains the humanities related collections.","In August 2008, the University built a second library on East Campus. East Campus Library (ECL) doubled the staffing and services of the library. ECL was renamed Rose Library in 2012 after the fifth president of the university, Linwood H. Rose. Rose Library holds the science related collections.","The University also has two subject specific libraries: the Music Library and the Educational Technology Media Center (ETMC). The Music Library is housed in the Music Building and provides scores, sound recordings, software titles, journals, and several special collections in support of the Music department. The ETMC in Memorial Hall works with the College of Education to provide access, assistance, and maintenance to the library collection. The ETMC houses the juvenile collection, a small reference collection supported by the library materials budget, and the K-12 curriculum materials that support the College of Education.","In addition, Special Collections, located on the second floor of Carrier Library, was established in 1983 to document the history of JMU and the Central Shenandoah Valley. Today, Special Collections continues its mission of documenting the history of JMU and the Central Shenandoah Valley while also serving as Carrier Library's repository for rare and valuable materials and supporting JMU curriculum and community research through primary source materials.","The newest member of Library and Educational Technologies is Innovation Services, located in both Carrier and Rose Library. Innovation Services is focused on creative technologies, such as 3D Printing, video production, sound recording, and virtual reality, and making them available to the JMU community.","Duplicate items that Special Collections already has copies of outside of the Libraries and Educational Technologies Records have been discarded (One Books from Orientation, Student Course Catalogs, etc). Any duplicate items found within the collection itself have also been discarded. In addition, one acquisition in 2015 had a large amount of general institutional records, such as Self-Studies, or items unrelated to the Libraries and Educational Technologies Records. These materials have been transferred to appropriate collections within Special Collections. Large materials, such as floor plans, that were received folded up have been flatted. All media items in Box 34, Folder 4 of Series 6 are pending reprocessing. In April 2018, the Oversize Series was removed and integrated into appropriate series within the collection.","The Libraries and Educational Technologies Records span from 1939 to 2016, with the bulk of the records from 1988 to 2009. The records detail the administrative functions of the library and document its position as an academic resource on the JMU campus. Records consist of financial records, committee reports, library policies, various subject files, and library history primarily from the Office of the Dean as well as the Associate Dean. The collection is arranged into six series: Financial Records, Committees, Policies, Subject Files, Library Faculty and Staff, Library History.","Academic Program Review Self-Studies and External Team Reports were transferred to UA 0002: Academic Affairs: Academic Program Reviews, 1993 – Present. Statistical Summaries from the Office of Institutional Research were cataloged, and duplicates were discarded. All published monographs of Library Accession Records have been cataloged individually and placed in Special Collections' rare book collection. The accession records run continuously from September 1909 to February 1987, with the exception of 1974.","Copyright for materials authored or otherwise produced as official business of James Madison University is retained by James Madison University. Copyright status for other collection materials is unknown. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the written permission of the copyright owners. Works not in the public domain cannot be commercially exploited without permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for any use rests exclusively with the user. For more information, contact the Special Collections Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Staff have taken special care to identify and remove sensitive materials found within this collection. However, in rare instances, including those already documented within this Finding Aid, privacy protected information may be revealed during use of this collection. Researchers agree to make no notes or other recordation of privacy protected information if found within this collection, and further agree not to publish or disclose such information for any purpose. Researchers agree to alert Special Collections staff if potentially privacy protected information is found within this collection. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","This collection of contains the administrative records for James Madison University Libraries and Educational Technologies (LET) from 1939-2016. In addition to administrative records, this collection also contains historical items relating to the history of the library.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","James Madison University. Libraries and Educational Technologies","James Madison University. Libraries","James Madison University -- History","Madison College -- History","Gasser, Sharon","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Libraries and Educational Technologies Records, 1939/2016, bulk 1988/2009"],"collection_ssim":["Libraries and Educational Technologies Records, 1939/2016, bulk 1988/2009"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["UA 0008","/repositories/4/resources/484"],"unitid_tesim":["UA 0008","/repositories/4/resources/484"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"creator_ssm":["James Madison University. Libraries and Educational Technologies","James Madison University. Libraries","Gasser, Sharon","James Madison University. Libraries"],"creator_ssim":["James Madison University. Libraries and Educational Technologies","James Madison University. Libraries","Gasser, Sharon","James Madison University. Libraries"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Gasser, Sharon"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","James Madison University. Libraries and Educational Technologies","James Madison University. Libraries","James Madison University -- History","Madison College -- History"],"creators_ssim":["Gasser, Sharon","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","James Madison University. Libraries and Educational Technologies","James Madison University. Libraries","James Madison University -- History","Madison College -- History"],"access_terms_ssm":["Copyright for materials authored or otherwise produced as official business of James Madison University is retained by James Madison University. Copyright status for other collection materials is unknown. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the written permission of the copyright owners. Works not in the public domain cannot be commercially exploited without permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for any use rests exclusively with the user. For more information, contact the Special Collections Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Staff have taken special care to identify and remove sensitive materials found within this collection. However, in rare instances, including those already documented within this Finding Aid, privacy protected information may be revealed during use of this collection. Researchers agree to make no notes or other recordation of privacy protected information if found within this collection, and further agree not to publish or disclose such information for any purpose. Researchers agree to alert Special Collections staff if potentially privacy protected information is found within this collection. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was previously known as the Carrier Library Collection, LI 93-0406. In 2015 this collection was merged and reprocessed with the Carrier Library Vertical File as well as the LET Publications Vertical File along with multiple accessions from 2012, 2014, and 2015. Items from LI 93-0406 were placed in Series 6: Library History. Materials in the accessions included five linear feet from the Office of the Dean in 2012 and five linear feet from the office of Sharon Gasser, Associate Dean of Carrier Library in 2014. In 2015, three accessions were added. These include architectural renderings of Rose Library, ca. 2008, government documents, and files from the office of Reba Leiding, a former librarian at Carrier Library and Jody Hess, a former library staff member. The 2016 accession came from the filing cabinet in the Special Collections Reading Room and from the files of the departing Special Collections Librarian, Lynn Eaton. A 2018 accrual was received from Sharon Gasser upon her retirement."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Libraries and colleges","Academic Libraries -- Finance","Academic Libraries -- Administration","Academic Libraries -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","Floor plans (orthographic projections)","CD-ROMS","DVDs","Printed Ephemera","Scrapbooks","Memorandums","Financial Records","Administrative records","Reviews (documents)","Reports"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Libraries and colleges","Academic Libraries -- Finance","Academic Libraries -- Administration","Academic Libraries -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","Floor plans (orthographic projections)","CD-ROMS","DVDs","Printed Ephemera","Scrapbooks","Memorandums","Financial Records","Administrative records","Reviews (documents)","Reports"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["12.91 cubic feet 38 boxes, 1 map folder"],"extent_tesim":["12.91 cubic feet 38 boxes, 1 map folder"],"genreform_ssim":["Floor plans (orthographic projections)","CD-ROMS","DVDs","Printed Ephemera","Scrapbooks","Memorandums","Financial Records","Administrative records","Reviews (documents)","Reports"],"date_range_isim":[1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Collection is open for research. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Collection is open for research. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"accruals_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMay receive regular accruals.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accruals_heading_ssm":["Accruals"],"accruals_tesim":["May receive regular accruals."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged into seven series with Series 1:Financial Records further arranged into two subseries. Series 1: Financial Records is arranged chronologically, Series 7: 2018-0621 Accession is arranged in the order in which it was received by the donor, and all other series are arranged alphabetically.\u003c/p\u003e    ","\u003clist numeration=\"arabic\" type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eFinancial Records, 1975-2012\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eCommittees, 1987-2012\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003ePolicies, 1989-2009\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSubject Files, 1975-2013\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eLibrary Faculty and Staff, 1986-2003\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eLibrary History, 1939-2016\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e2018-0621 Accession, 1981-2004\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged into seven series with Series 1:Financial Records further arranged into two subseries. Series 1: Financial Records is arranged chronologically, Series 7: 2018-0621 Accession is arranged in the order in which it was received by the donor, and all other series are arranged alphabetically.","Financial Records, 1975-2012\n      Committees, 1987-2012\n      Policies, 1989-2009\n      Subject Files, 1975-2013\n      Library Faculty and Staff, 1986-2003\n      Library History, 1939-2016\n      2018-0621 Accession, 1981-2004"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJames Madison University's first library was housed in Maury Hall and sat 40 students. In 1915, the library was moved to Harrison Hall, increasing its capacity to 98. Fifteen years later, a reading room was added to Harrison Hall, allowing it to seat 165 students and hold 20,000+ volumes. Despite these expansions, students called for a new building with more space and better lighting in October 1937. The following year, President Samuel Duke obtained funds from the Public Works Administration (PWA) and began construction on Madison Memorial Library. The library opened on September 22, 1939, seating 350 students and holding 80,000 volumes. Increased enrollment prompted additions in 1971, 1982, and 1994. Madison Memorial Library was renamed Carrier Library in 1984 after the fourth president of the university, Ronald Carrier. Today Carrier Library contains the humanities related collections. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn August 2008, the University built a second library on East Campus. East Campus Library (ECL) doubled the staffing and services of the library. ECL was renamed Rose Library in 2012 after the fifth president of the university, Linwood H. Rose. Rose Library holds the science related collections. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe University also has two subject specific libraries: the Music Library and the Educational Technology Media Center (ETMC). The Music Library is housed in the Music Building and provides scores, sound recordings, software titles, journals, and several special collections in support of the Music department. The ETMC in Memorial Hall works with the College of Education to provide access, assistance, and maintenance to the library collection. The ETMC houses the juvenile collection, a small reference collection supported by the library materials budget, and the K-12 curriculum materials that support the College of Education. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn addition, Special Collections, located on the second floor of Carrier Library, was established in 1983 to document the history of JMU and the Central Shenandoah Valley. Today, Special Collections continues its mission of documenting the history of JMU and the Central Shenandoah Valley while also serving as Carrier Library's repository for rare and valuable materials and supporting JMU curriculum and community research through primary source materials. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe newest member of Library and Educational Technologies is Innovation Services, located in both Carrier and Rose Library. Innovation Services is focused on creative technologies, such as 3D Printing, video production, sound recording, and virtual reality, and making them available to the JMU community. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Administrative History"],"bioghist_tesim":["James Madison University's first library was housed in Maury Hall and sat 40 students. In 1915, the library was moved to Harrison Hall, increasing its capacity to 98. Fifteen years later, a reading room was added to Harrison Hall, allowing it to seat 165 students and hold 20,000+ volumes. Despite these expansions, students called for a new building with more space and better lighting in October 1937. The following year, President Samuel Duke obtained funds from the Public Works Administration (PWA) and began construction on Madison Memorial Library. The library opened on September 22, 1939, seating 350 students and holding 80,000 volumes. Increased enrollment prompted additions in 1971, 1982, and 1994. Madison Memorial Library was renamed Carrier Library in 1984 after the fourth president of the university, Ronald Carrier. Today Carrier Library contains the humanities related collections.","In August 2008, the University built a second library on East Campus. East Campus Library (ECL) doubled the staffing and services of the library. ECL was renamed Rose Library in 2012 after the fifth president of the university, Linwood H. Rose. Rose Library holds the science related collections.","The University also has two subject specific libraries: the Music Library and the Educational Technology Media Center (ETMC). The Music Library is housed in the Music Building and provides scores, sound recordings, software titles, journals, and several special collections in support of the Music department. The ETMC in Memorial Hall works with the College of Education to provide access, assistance, and maintenance to the library collection. The ETMC houses the juvenile collection, a small reference collection supported by the library materials budget, and the K-12 curriculum materials that support the College of Education.","In addition, Special Collections, located on the second floor of Carrier Library, was established in 1983 to document the history of JMU and the Central Shenandoah Valley. Today, Special Collections continues its mission of documenting the history of JMU and the Central Shenandoah Valley while also serving as Carrier Library's repository for rare and valuable materials and supporting JMU curriculum and community research through primary source materials.","The newest member of Library and Educational Technologies is Innovation Services, located in both Carrier and Rose Library. Innovation Services is focused on creative technologies, such as 3D Printing, video production, sound recording, and virtual reality, and making them available to the JMU community."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Libraries and Educational Technologies Records, 1939-2016, UA 0008, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Libraries and Educational Technologies Records, 1939-2016, UA 0008, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDuplicate items that Special Collections already has copies of outside of the Libraries and Educational Technologies Records have been discarded (One Books from Orientation, Student Course Catalogs, etc). Any duplicate items found within the collection itself have also been discarded. In addition, one acquisition in 2015 had a large amount of general institutional records, such as Self-Studies, or items unrelated to the Libraries and Educational Technologies Records. These materials have been transferred to appropriate collections within Special Collections. Large materials, such as floor plans, that were received folded up have been flatted. All media items in Box 34, Folder 4 of Series 6 are pending reprocessing. In April 2018, the Oversize Series was removed and integrated into appropriate series within the collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Duplicate items that Special Collections already has copies of outside of the Libraries and Educational Technologies Records have been discarded (One Books from Orientation, Student Course Catalogs, etc). Any duplicate items found within the collection itself have also been discarded. In addition, one acquisition in 2015 had a large amount of general institutional records, such as Self-Studies, or items unrelated to the Libraries and Educational Technologies Records. These materials have been transferred to appropriate collections within Special Collections. Large materials, such as floor plans, that were received folded up have been flatted. All media items in Box 34, Folder 4 of Series 6 are pending reprocessing. In April 2018, the Oversize Series was removed and integrated into appropriate series within the collection."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Libraries and Educational Technologies Records span from 1939 to 2016, with the bulk of the records from 1988 to 2009. The records detail the administrative functions of the library and document its position as an academic resource on the JMU campus. Records consist of financial records, committee reports, library policies, various subject files, and library history primarily from the Office of the Dean as well as the Associate Dean. The collection is arranged into six series: Financial Records, Committees, Policies, Subject Files, Library Faculty and Staff, Library History.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Libraries and Educational Technologies Records span from 1939 to 2016, with the bulk of the records from 1988 to 2009. The records detail the administrative functions of the library and document its position as an academic resource on the JMU campus. Records consist of financial records, committee reports, library policies, various subject files, and library history primarily from the Office of the Dean as well as the Associate Dean. The collection is arranged into six series: Financial Records, Committees, Policies, Subject Files, Library Faculty and Staff, Library History."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAcademic Program Review Self-Studies and External Team Reports were transferred to UA 0002: Academic Affairs: Academic Program Reviews, 1993 – Present. Statistical Summaries from the Office of Institutional Research were cataloged, and duplicates were discarded. All published monographs of Library Accession Records have been cataloged individually and placed in Special Collections' rare book collection. The accession records run continuously from September 1909 to February 1987, with the exception of 1974.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Material"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["Academic Program Review Self-Studies and External Team Reports were transferred to UA 0002: Academic Affairs: Academic Program Reviews, 1993 – Present. Statistical Summaries from the Office of Institutional Research were cataloged, and duplicates were discarded. All published monographs of Library Accession Records have been cataloged individually and placed in Special Collections' rare book collection. The accession records run continuously from September 1909 to February 1987, with the exception of 1974."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCopyright for materials authored or otherwise produced as official business of James Madison University is retained by James Madison University. Copyright status for other collection materials is unknown. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the written permission of the copyright owners. Works not in the public domain cannot be commercially exploited without permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for any use rests exclusively with the user. For more information, contact the Special Collections Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eStaff have taken special care to identify and remove sensitive materials found within this collection. However, in rare instances, including those already documented within this Finding Aid, privacy protected information may be revealed during use of this collection. Researchers agree to make no notes or other recordation of privacy protected information if found within this collection, and further agree not to publish or disclose such information for any purpose. Researchers agree to alert Special Collections staff if potentially privacy protected information is found within this collection. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu). \u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["Copyright for materials authored or otherwise produced as official business of James Madison University is retained by James Madison University. Copyright status for other collection materials is unknown. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the written permission of the copyright owners. Works not in the public domain cannot be commercially exploited without permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for any use rests exclusively with the user. For more information, contact the Special Collections Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Staff have taken special care to identify and remove sensitive materials found within this collection. However, in rare instances, including those already documented within this Finding Aid, privacy protected information may be revealed during use of this collection. Researchers agree to make no notes or other recordation of privacy protected information if found within this collection, and further agree not to publish or disclose such information for any purpose. Researchers agree to alert Special Collections staff if potentially privacy protected information is found within this collection. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_9f1640a0f6bda719dbec25d36911b063\"\u003eThis collection of contains the administrative records for James Madison University Libraries and Educational Technologies (LET) from 1939-2016. In addition to administrative records, this collection also contains historical items relating to the history of the library.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["This collection of contains the administrative records for James Madison University Libraries and Educational Technologies (LET) from 1939-2016. In addition to administrative records, this collection also contains historical items relating to the history of the library."],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","James Madison University. Libraries and Educational Technologies","James Madison University. Libraries","James Madison University -- History","Madison College -- History"],"names_coll_ssim":["James Madison University. Libraries","James Madison University. Libraries and Educational Technologies","James Madison University. Libraries","James Madison University -- History","Madison College -- History"],"persname_ssim":["Gasser, Sharon"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","James Madison University. Libraries and Educational Technologies","James Madison University. Libraries","James Madison University -- History","Madison College -- History","Gasser, Sharon"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":381,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:36:09.969Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_484_c01_c01"}},{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_496_c02_c02","type":"Sub-Series","attributes":{"title":"Annual Reports, 1984/2003","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_496_c02_c02#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_496_c02_c02","ref_ssm":["vihart_repositories_4_resources_496_c02_c02"],"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_496_c02_c02","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_496","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_496","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_496_c02","parent_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_496_c02","parent_ssim":["Small Business Development Center Records, 1980/2004","JMU SBDC Planning and Development, 1982/2003"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vihart_repositories_4_resources_496","vihart_repositories_4_resources_496_c02"],"title_filing_ssi":"Annual Reports","title_ssm":["Annual Reports"],"title_tesim":["Annual Reports"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Annual Reports, 1984/2003"],"text":["Annual Reports, 1984/2003","Small Business Development Center Records, 1980/2004","JMU SBDC Planning and Development, 1982/2003"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Small Business Development Center Records, 1980/2004","JMU SBDC Planning and Development, 1982/2003"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Small Business Development Center Records, 1980/2004","JMU SBDC Planning and Development, 1982/2003"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1984/2003"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1984-2003"],"level_ssm":["Sub-Series"],"level_ssim":["Sub-series"],"component_level_isim":[2],"sort_isi":38,"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"collection_ssim":["Small Business Development Center Records, 1980/2004"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":30,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection is open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Copyright for materials authored or otherwise produced as official business of James Madison University is retained by James Madison University. Copyright status for other collection materials is unknown. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the written permission of the copyright owners. Works not in the public domain cannot be commercially exploited without permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for any use rests exclusively with the user. For more information, contact the Special Collections Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Staff have taken special care to identify and remove sensitive materials found within this collection. However, in rare instances, including those already documented within this Finding Aid, privacy protected information may be revealed during use of this collection. Researchers agree to make no notes or other recordation of privacy protected information if found within this collection, and further agree not to publish or disclose such information for any purpose. Researchers agree to alert Special Collections staff if potentially privacy protected information is found within this collection. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"date_range_isim":[1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003],"_nest_path_":"/components#1/components#1","timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:36:09.969Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_496","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_496","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_496","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_496","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_496.xml","title_ssm":["Small Business Development Center Records"],"title_tesim":["Small Business Development Center Records"],"unitdate_ssm":["1980-2004"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1980-2004"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1980/2004"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Small Business Development Center Records, 1980/2004"],"text":["Small Business Development Center Records, 1980/2004","UA 0009","Small business -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- Planning","Small business -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- Management","Small business -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- Finance","Community development -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg","Financial Records","Annual reports","Proposals","Photographs","Floppy disks","Serials (publications)","Collection is open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","This collection is arranged in four series. Series 2 is arranged further into subseries.","Financial Records, 1980-1999\n      JMU SBDC Planning and Development, 1986-2003\n      Subject Files, 1982-2004\n      Digital Media and Slides, 1987-2003","James Madison University. \"Small Business Development Center.\" jmu.edu. https://www.jmu.edu/cob/centers/sbdc/index.shtml. Accessed May 24, 2018.","Virginia SBDC Shenandoah Valley. \"About Us.\" valleysbdc.org. http://www.valleysbdc.org/about/. Accessed May 24, 2018.","U.S. Small Business Administration. \"Small Business Development Center.\" sba.gov. https://www.sba.gov/tools/local-assistance/sbdc. Accessed May 24, 2018.","The Shenandoah Valley Small Business Development Center (SBDC) was established in 1989 at James Madison University. Originally named the James Madison University SBDC, the Center for Entrepreneurship in the College of Business established the center as a satellite office in 1987 in order to support the success of local businesses based on the Center's programming. In 2002, the James Madison University SBDC became the Shenandoah Valley SBDC when a new office was opened at Blue Ridge Community College. Today, The Shenandoah Valley SBDC is a not-for profit partnership between JMU, the US Small Business Administration, and the cities and counties in their service region. It is currently one of 29 centers throughout Virginia. The mission of the Shenandoah Valley SBDC is to advise, train, and inform small business in order to help them achieve success by offering consulting services to new and established businesses. Their region covers the counties of Augusta, Bath, Highland, Page, Rockbridge, Rockingham, and Shenandoah as well as the major cities located within these counties.","The nationwide Small Business Development Center (SBDC) focuses on client education and is the federal government's largest and most successful management and technical assistance program for small businesses. In the 1940s Congress was first introduced to the idea of establishing a university-based business extension service. By 1953 the Small Business Administration was established. This reflected the federal government's recognition of the need for small businesses within the economy. Advancements for the Small Business Administration continued when President Carter signed the Small Business Development Center Act into law in 1980. This program strove to nationally help and support the development and operation of small businesses by providing them with management development, technical information, product planning and development, and domestic and international market development. In addition, the program assists established businesses as well as aspiring entrepreneurs. Virginia was added into this network during the years 1988-1990; by 1991 every state in the country was involved in the Small Business Development Center program.","Most duplicate items found within the collection have been discarded.","This collection covers the years 1980-2004 for the Shenandoah Valley SBDC. The records document financial information, proposals, meeting minutes, correspondence, journals, photographs, articles, annual reports, and pamphlets from various colleges. The collection is arranged into four series.","Copyright for materials authored or otherwise produced as official business of James Madison University is retained by James Madison University. Copyright status for other collection materials is unknown. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the written permission of the copyright owners. Works not in the public domain cannot be commercially exploited without permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for any use rests exclusively with the user. For more information, contact the Special Collections Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Staff have taken special care to identify and remove sensitive materials found within this collection. However, in rare instances, including those already documented within this Finding Aid, privacy protected information may be revealed during use of this collection. Researchers agree to make no notes or other recordation of privacy protected information if found within this collection, and further agree not to publish or disclose such information for any purpose. Researchers agree to alert Special Collections staff if potentially privacy protected information is found within this collection. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The Small Business Development Center Records documents the creation and growth of the Shenandoah Valley Small Business Development Center. The collection comprises of financial budgets, proposals, donations, outreach programs, and articles that cover the growing success of the Shenandoah Valley SBDC at James Madison University.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","James Madison University. Small Business Development Center","Riggleman, Rosie","English\n."],"collection_title_tesim":["Small Business Development Center Records, 1980/2004"],"collection_ssim":["Small Business Development Center Records, 1980/2004"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["UA 0009"],"unitid_tesim":["UA 0009"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"creator_ssm":["James Madison University. Small Business Development Center","Riggleman, Rosie"],"creator_ssim":["James Madison University. Small Business Development Center","Riggleman, Rosie"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Riggleman, Rosie"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","James Madison University. Small Business Development Center"],"creators_ssim":["Riggleman, Rosie","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","James Madison University. Small Business Development Center"],"access_terms_ssm":["Copyright for materials authored or otherwise produced as official business of James Madison University is retained by James Madison University. Copyright status for other collection materials is unknown. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the written permission of the copyright owners. Works not in the public domain cannot be commercially exploited without permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for any use rests exclusively with the user. For more information, contact the Special Collections Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Staff have taken special care to identify and remove sensitive materials found within this collection. However, in rare instances, including those already documented within this Finding Aid, privacy protected information may be revealed during use of this collection. Researchers agree to make no notes or other recordation of privacy protected information if found within this collection, and further agree not to publish or disclose such information for any purpose. Researchers agree to alert Special Collections staff if potentially privacy protected information is found within this collection. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Given to JMU Special Collections by Rosie Riggleman, Office Manager of the Shenandoah Valley SBDC, in April 2014."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Small business -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- Planning","Small business -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- Management","Small business -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- Finance","Community development -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg","Financial Records","Annual reports","Proposals","Photographs","Floppy disks","Serials (publications)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Small business -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- Planning","Small business -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- Management","Small business -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- Finance","Community development -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg","Financial Records","Annual reports","Proposals","Photographs","Floppy disks","Serials (publications)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["2.48 cubic feet 8 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["2.48 cubic feet 8 boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["Financial Records","Annual reports","Proposals","Photographs","Floppy disks","Serials (publications)"],"date_range_isim":[1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged in four series. Series 2 is arranged further into subseries.\u003c/p\u003e    ","\u003clist numeration=\"arabic\" type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eFinancial Records, 1980-1999\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eJMU SBDC Planning and Development, 1986-2003\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSubject Files, 1982-2004\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eDigital Media and Slides, 1987-2003\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged in four series. Series 2 is arranged further into subseries.","Financial Records, 1980-1999\n      JMU SBDC Planning and Development, 1986-2003\n      Subject Files, 1982-2004\n      Digital Media and Slides, 1987-2003"],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cbibref\u003eJames Madison University. \"Small Business Development Center.\" jmu.edu. https://www.jmu.edu/cob/centers/sbdc/index.shtml. Accessed May 24, 2018.\u003c/bibref\u003e\n    ","\u003cbibref\u003eVirginia SBDC Shenandoah Valley. \"About Us.\" valleysbdc.org. http://www.valleysbdc.org/about/. Accessed May 24, 2018.\u003c/bibref\u003e\n    ","\u003cbibref\u003eU.S. Small Business Administration. \"Small Business Development Center.\" sba.gov. https://www.sba.gov/tools/local-assistance/sbdc. Accessed May 24, 2018.\u003c/bibref\u003e\n  "],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["James Madison University. \"Small Business Development Center.\" jmu.edu. https://www.jmu.edu/cob/centers/sbdc/index.shtml. Accessed May 24, 2018.","Virginia SBDC Shenandoah Valley. \"About Us.\" valleysbdc.org. http://www.valleysbdc.org/about/. Accessed May 24, 2018.","U.S. Small Business Administration. \"Small Business Development Center.\" sba.gov. https://www.sba.gov/tools/local-assistance/sbdc. Accessed May 24, 2018."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Shenandoah Valley Small Business Development Center (SBDC) was established in 1989 at James Madison University. Originally named the James Madison University SBDC, the Center for Entrepreneurship in the College of Business established the center as a satellite office in 1987 in order to support the success of local businesses based on the Center's programming. In 2002, the James Madison University SBDC became the Shenandoah Valley SBDC when a new office was opened at Blue Ridge Community College. Today, The Shenandoah Valley SBDC is a not-for profit partnership between JMU, the US Small Business Administration, and the cities and counties in their service region. It is currently one of 29 centers throughout Virginia. The mission of the Shenandoah Valley SBDC is to advise, train, and inform small business in order to help them achieve success by offering consulting services to new and established businesses. Their region covers the counties of Augusta, Bath, Highland, Page, Rockbridge, Rockingham, and Shenandoah as well as the major cities located within these counties. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe nationwide Small Business Development Center (SBDC) focuses on client education and is the federal government's largest and most successful management and technical assistance program for small businesses. In the 1940s Congress was first introduced to the idea of establishing a university-based business extension service. By 1953 the Small Business Administration was established. This reflected the federal government's recognition of the need for small businesses within the economy. Advancements for the Small Business Administration continued when President Carter signed the Small Business Development Center Act into law in 1980. This program strove to nationally help and support the development and operation of small businesses by providing them with management development, technical information, product planning and development, and domestic and international market development. In addition, the program assists established businesses as well as aspiring entrepreneurs. Virginia was added into this network during the years 1988-1990; by 1991 every state in the country was involved in the Small Business Development Center program. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Administrative History"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Shenandoah Valley Small Business Development Center (SBDC) was established in 1989 at James Madison University. Originally named the James Madison University SBDC, the Center for Entrepreneurship in the College of Business established the center as a satellite office in 1987 in order to support the success of local businesses based on the Center's programming. In 2002, the James Madison University SBDC became the Shenandoah Valley SBDC when a new office was opened at Blue Ridge Community College. Today, The Shenandoah Valley SBDC is a not-for profit partnership between JMU, the US Small Business Administration, and the cities and counties in their service region. It is currently one of 29 centers throughout Virginia. The mission of the Shenandoah Valley SBDC is to advise, train, and inform small business in order to help them achieve success by offering consulting services to new and established businesses. Their region covers the counties of Augusta, Bath, Highland, Page, Rockbridge, Rockingham, and Shenandoah as well as the major cities located within these counties.","The nationwide Small Business Development Center (SBDC) focuses on client education and is the federal government's largest and most successful management and technical assistance program for small businesses. In the 1940s Congress was first introduced to the idea of establishing a university-based business extension service. By 1953 the Small Business Administration was established. This reflected the federal government's recognition of the need for small businesses within the economy. Advancements for the Small Business Administration continued when President Carter signed the Small Business Development Center Act into law in 1980. This program strove to nationally help and support the development and operation of small businesses by providing them with management development, technical information, product planning and development, and domestic and international market development. In addition, the program assists established businesses as well as aspiring entrepreneurs. Virginia was added into this network during the years 1988-1990; by 1991 every state in the country was involved in the Small Business Development Center program."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Small Business Development Center Records, 1980-2004, UA 0009, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Small Business Development Center Records, 1980-2004, UA 0009, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMost duplicate items found within the collection have been discarded.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Most duplicate items found within the collection have been discarded."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection covers the years 1980-2004 for the Shenandoah Valley SBDC. The records document financial information, proposals, meeting minutes, correspondence, journals, photographs, articles, annual reports, and pamphlets from various colleges. The collection is arranged into four series.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection covers the years 1980-2004 for the Shenandoah Valley SBDC. The records document financial information, proposals, meeting minutes, correspondence, journals, photographs, articles, annual reports, and pamphlets from various colleges. The collection is arranged into four series."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCopyright for materials authored or otherwise produced as official business of James Madison University is retained by James Madison University. Copyright status for other collection materials is unknown. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the written permission of the copyright owners. Works not in the public domain cannot be commercially exploited without permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for any use rests exclusively with the user. For more information, contact the Special Collections Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eStaff have taken special care to identify and remove sensitive materials found within this collection. However, in rare instances, including those already documented within this Finding Aid, privacy protected information may be revealed during use of this collection. Researchers agree to make no notes or other recordation of privacy protected information if found within this collection, and further agree not to publish or disclose such information for any purpose. Researchers agree to alert Special Collections staff if potentially privacy protected information is found within this collection. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["Copyright for materials authored or otherwise produced as official business of James Madison University is retained by James Madison University. Copyright status for other collection materials is unknown. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the written permission of the copyright owners. Works not in the public domain cannot be commercially exploited without permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for any use rests exclusively with the user. For more information, contact the Special Collections Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Staff have taken special care to identify and remove sensitive materials found within this collection. However, in rare instances, including those already documented within this Finding Aid, privacy protected information may be revealed during use of this collection. Researchers agree to make no notes or other recordation of privacy protected information if found within this collection, and further agree not to publish or disclose such information for any purpose. Researchers agree to alert Special Collections staff if potentially privacy protected information is found within this collection. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_99df6c38ff4dddecd8ffb0eb82192297\"\u003eThe Small Business Development Center Records documents the creation and growth of the Shenandoah Valley Small Business Development Center. The collection comprises of financial budgets, proposals, donations, outreach programs, and articles that cover the growing success of the Shenandoah Valley SBDC at James Madison University.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The Small Business Development Center Records documents the creation and growth of the Shenandoah Valley Small Business Development Center. The collection comprises of financial budgets, proposals, donations, outreach programs, and articles that cover the growing success of the Shenandoah Valley SBDC at James Madison University."],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","James Madison University. Small Business Development Center"],"persname_ssim":["Riggleman, Rosie"],"names_coll_ssim":["Riggleman, Rosie"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","James Madison University. Small Business Development Center","Riggleman, Rosie"],"language_ssim":["English\n."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":100,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:36:09.969Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_496_c02_c02"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_887_c05_c01","type":"Sub-Series","attributes":{"title":"Anthropology of Food, 1936/1998","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_887_c05_c01#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_887_c05_c01","ref_ssm":["viu_repositories_3_resources_887_c05_c01"],"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_887_c05_c01","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_887","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_887","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_887_c05","parent_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_887_c05","parent_ssim":["Ravindra S. Khare papers, 1938/2017","Research Materials, 1936/2005"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viu_repositories_3_resources_887","viu_repositories_3_resources_887_c05"],"title_filing_ssi":"Anthropology of Food","title_ssm":["Anthropology of Food"],"title_tesim":["Anthropology of Food"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Anthropology of Food, 1936/1998"],"text":["Anthropology of Food, 1936/1998","Ravindra S. Khare papers, 1938/2017","Research Materials, 1936/2005","box 22","box 23"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Ravindra S. Khare papers, 1938/2017","Research Materials, 1936/2005"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Ravindra S. Khare papers, 1938/2017","Research Materials, 1936/2005"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1936/1998"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1936-1998"],"level_ssm":["Sub-Series"],"level_ssim":["Sub-series"],"component_level_isim":[2],"sort_isi":6,"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"collection_ssim":["Ravindra S. Khare papers, 1938/2017"],"containers_ssim":["box 22","box 23"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The collection is open for research use."],"date_range_isim":[1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998],"_nest_path_":"/components#4/components#0","timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:54:18.647Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_887","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_887","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_887","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_887","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_887.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/787","title_filing_ssi":"Khare, Ravindra S., papers","title_ssm":["Ravindra S. Khare papers"],"title_tesim":["Ravindra S. Khare papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1936-2017"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1936-2017"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1938/2017"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Ravindra S. Khare papers, 1938/2017"],"text":["Ravindra S. Khare papers, 1938/2017","MSS 16428","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/887","Nutritional Anthropology","Ethnology -- India","India -- Politics and Government","University of Virginia -- Department of Anthropology","University of Virginia -- Faculty","The collection is open for research use.","Ravindra S. Khare papers (1938-2017; 13.40 cubic feet) include correspondence, course notes and syllabi, meeting minutes and agendas, reprints, and drafts of articles related to Ravindra S. Khare, Professor of Anthropology, and Khare's teaching, research, and service. In particular, the materials document international commission work, UVA committees, and Khare's teaching and research on social inequalities, globalization, the anthropology of food, and social and political topics and movements in India.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Materials are in English, Hindi, Spanish, and German."],"collection_title_tesim":["Ravindra S. Khare papers, 1938/2017"],"collection_ssim":["Ravindra S. Khare papers, 1938/2017"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16428","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/887"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16428","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/887"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"geogname_ssm":["Nutritional Anthropology","Ethnology -- India","India -- Politics and Government"],"geogname_ssim":["Nutritional Anthropology","Ethnology -- India","India -- Politics and Government"],"places_ssim":["Nutritional Anthropology","Ethnology -- India","India -- Politics and Government"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"creators_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"access_subjects_ssim":["University of Virginia -- Department of Anthropology","University of Virginia -- Faculty"],"access_subjects_ssm":["University of Virginia -- Department of Anthropology","University of Virginia -- Faculty"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["13.40 Cubic Feet"],"extent_tesim":["13.40 Cubic Feet"],"date_range_isim":[1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research use."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16428, Ravindra S. Khare papers, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16428, Ravindra S. Khare papers, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRavindra S. Khare papers (1938-2017; 13.40 cubic feet) include correspondence, course notes and syllabi, meeting minutes and agendas, reprints, and drafts of articles related to Ravindra S. Khare, Professor of Anthropology, and Khare's teaching, research, and service. In particular, the materials document international commission work, UVA committees, and Khare's teaching and research on social inequalities, globalization, the anthropology of food, and social and political topics and movements in India.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Ravindra S. Khare papers (1938-2017; 13.40 cubic feet) include correspondence, course notes and syllabi, meeting minutes and agendas, reprints, and drafts of articles related to Ravindra S. Khare, Professor of Anthropology, and Khare's teaching, research, and service. In particular, the materials document international commission work, UVA committees, and Khare's teaching and research on social inequalities, globalization, the anthropology of food, and social and political topics and movements in India."],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"language_ssim":["Materials are in English, Hindi, Spanish, and German."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":14,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:54:18.647Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_887_c05_c01"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_262_c17_c552","type":"Sub-Series","attributes":{"title":"Armed Services Committee, 1986/1992","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_262_c17_c552#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Almanac of Seapower, Navy League of the United States, 1989 \u0026amp; 1992 [2 books]; Unauthorized Appropriations - History; Committee Business - Trip Reports; Civil Service [accordion folder]; Committee Inquiries - Stephen Breyer; Committee Inquiries - National Security Strategy [accordion folder]; Military Justice - Court Structure Issues; Committee Business - Procedures; Air Force Magazine, 1992 US Air Force Almanac, Air Force Association; Air Force Magazine, 1991 USAF Almanac/Operation Desert Storm; Civil Service: War Powers; Committee Business - Security\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_262_c17_c552#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_262_c17_c552","ref_ssm":["viu_repositories_3_resources_262_c17_c552"],"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_262_c17_c552","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_262","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_262","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_262_c17","parent_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_262_c17","parent_ssim":["John W. Warner papers, 1967/2009, bulk 1967/2008","John Warner papers (-by accession), 1970/2007"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viu_repositories_3_resources_262","viu_repositories_3_resources_262_c17"],"title_filing_ssi":"Armed Services Committee","title_ssm":["Armed Services Committee"],"title_tesim":["Armed Services Committee"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Armed Services Committee, 1986/1992"],"text":["Armed Services Committee, 1986/1992","John W. Warner papers, 1967/2009, bulk 1967/2008","John Warner papers (-by accession), 1970/2007","box 550","The Almanac of Seapower, Navy League of the United States, 1989 \u0026 1992 [2 books]; Unauthorized Appropriations - History; Committee Business - Trip Reports; Civil Service [accordion folder]; Committee Inquiries - Stephen Breyer; Committee Inquiries - National Security Strategy [accordion folder]; Military Justice - Court Structure Issues; Committee Business - Procedures; Air Force Magazine, 1992 US Air Force Almanac, Air Force Association; Air Force Magazine, 1991 USAF Almanac/Operation Desert Storm; Civil Service: War Powers; Committee Business - Security"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["John W. Warner papers, 1967/2009, bulk 1967/2008","John Warner papers (-by accession), 1970/2007"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["John W. Warner papers, 1967/2009, bulk 1967/2008","John Warner papers (-by accession), 1970/2007"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1986/1992"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1/1/1986-12/31/1992"],"level_ssm":["Sub-Series"],"level_ssim":["Sub-series"],"component_level_isim":[2],"sort_isi":608,"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"collection_ssim":["John W. Warner papers, 1967/2009, bulk 1967/2008"],"containers_ssim":["box 550"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Items on digital or audio-visual carriers will need to be evaluated on a case-by-case basis before digital tranfer occurs.  Allow at least two weeks for the evaluation phase.  Digitzation may take between two and four weeks."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Some material in this collection is protected by copyright and/or related rights; the University does not hold these rights and cannot grant (or withhold) copyright permissions. The donor has retained any copyrights in any portion of the collection created or authored by him. You are free to use materials in the collection in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use, including fair use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). More information about permissions to publish Special Collections material is available here."],"date_range_isim":[1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Almanac of Seapower, Navy League of the United States, 1989 \u0026amp; 1992 [2 books]; Unauthorized Appropriations - History; Committee Business - Trip Reports; Civil Service [accordion folder]; Committee Inquiries - Stephen Breyer; Committee Inquiries - National Security Strategy [accordion folder]; Military Justice - Court Structure Issues; Committee Business - Procedures; Air Force Magazine, 1992 US Air Force Almanac, Air Force Association; Air Force Magazine, 1991 USAF Almanac/Operation Desert Storm; Civil Service: War Powers; Committee Business - Security\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Almanac of Seapower, Navy League of the United States, 1989 \u0026 1992 [2 books]; Unauthorized Appropriations - History; Committee Business - Trip Reports; Civil Service [accordion folder]; Committee Inquiries - Stephen Breyer; Committee Inquiries - National Security Strategy [accordion folder]; Military Justice - Court Structure Issues; Committee Business - Procedures; Air Force Magazine, 1992 US Air Force Almanac, Air Force Association; Air Force Magazine, 1991 USAF Almanac/Operation Desert Storm; Civil Service: War Powers; Committee Business - Security"],"_nest_path_":"/components#16/components#551","timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:53:58.310Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_262","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_262","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_262","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_262","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_262.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/148519","title_filing_ssi":"Warner, John W., papers","title_ssm":["John W. Warner papers"],"title_tesim":["John W. Warner papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1956-2009","1967-2008"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1956-2009"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1967-2008"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1967/2009, bulk 1967/2008"],"normalized_title_ssm":["John W. Warner papers, 1967/2009, bulk 1967/2008"],"text":["John W. Warner papers, 1967/2009, bulk 1967/2008","MSS 10191","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/262","United States -- Politics and government -- 1989-1993","United States -- Politics and government -- 1993-2001.","United States -- Politics and government -- 1977-1981.","United States -- Politics and government -- 1981-1989.","Legislators -- United States","Correspondence","photographs","Please note, the -By series is stored offsite.  Please allow at least 72 hours for transportation to the reading room.","Items on digital or audio-visual carriers will need to be evaluated on a case-by-case basis before digital transfer occurs.  Allow at least two weeks for the evaluation phase.  Digitization may take between two and four weeks.","This collection has come to the Small Library in multiple accession over the years beginning in 1974. Accessions include: MSS #10191, MSS #10191-b, MSS #10191-c through -n, MSS #10191-e, MSS #10191-o, MSS #10191-p through -z, MSS #10191-ab through -az, MSS #10191-ba through -bp, MSS #-bq, Mss #10191-br, MSS #10191-bs, MSS #10191-bt, MSS #10191-bu, MSS #10191-bv, MSS #10191-bw, MSS #10191-bx, MSS #10191-by, MSS #10191-bz, MSS #10191-cb, 2022-0088, 2022-0103, 2023-0052","The series have been placed roughly in the order of their arrival to the repository.","John William Warner (born February 18, 1927) is an American Republican politician who served as Secretary of the Navy from 1972 to 1974 and as a five-term United States Senator from Virginia from January 2, 1979, to January 3, 2009. He did not seek reelection in 2008 and has rejoined the law firm of Hogan and Hartson, where he worked before joining the Department of Defense.","He grew up in Washington D.C. and joined the Navy shortly after graduating from high school, leaving as a Petty Officer 3rd Class. He then did his undergraduate studies at Washington and Lee University and began post-graduate studies at University of Virginia Law School.","With the outbreak of the Korean War in 1950, Warner joined the Marine Corps, first in active duty and then as a reserve, finally earning the rank of Captain. He resumed his studies at George Washington University and received his law degree in 1953.","He has been married three times. His first marriage was to Catherine Conover Mellon in 1957; they divorced in 1973. He was married to actress Elizabeth Taylor in 1976; they divorced in 1982. Since 2003, he has been married to Jeanne Vander Myde. He has three children, all from his first marriage.","In 1987, he was one of few Republicans to reject the nomination of Robert Bork to the Supreme Court. He would later break with Virginia Republicans, refusing to support the campaigns of Mike Farris and Oliver North. In 1996, he was one of ten Republican Senators voting against the charge of perjury in the attempted impechment of President Bill Clinton.","His committee memberships included the Environment and Public Works Committee, the Committee on the Armed Services, the Committee on Homeland Security and Government Affairs, the Select Committee on Intelligence, and the Committee on Banking, Housing and Urban Affairs.","This collection includes general and constituent correspondence, office files, speeches, appointment books, photographs, scrapbooks, and clippings documenting Senator Warner's life and career.","A note regarding consituent correspondence: only in rare instances did the Senator's office keep outgoing corespondence.  The vast majority of what makes up the constituent correspondence are the incoming letters from his constituents.  Original letters sent to the Senator were microfilmed and then destroyed.","Some material in this collection is protected by copyright and/or related rights; the University does not hold these rights and cannot grant (or withhold) copyright permissions. The donor has retained any copyrights in any portion of the collection created or authored by him. You are free to use materials in the collection in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use, including fair use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). More information about permissions to publish Special Collections material is available here.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Warner, John W., 1927-","Koed, Betty K.","The collection is in English."],"collection_title_tesim":["John W. Warner papers, 1967/2009, bulk 1967/2008"],"collection_ssim":["John W. 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The donor has retained any copyrights in any portion of the collection created or authored by him. You are free to use materials in the collection in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use, including fair use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). More information about permissions to publish Special Collections material is available here."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Legislators -- United States","Correspondence","photographs"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Legislators -- United States","Correspondence","photographs"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["756 Cubic Feet Approximately 730 cubic foot boxes, 42 document boxes, and oversize scrapbooks and folders."],"extent_tesim":["756 Cubic Feet Approximately 730 cubic foot boxes, 42 document boxes, and oversize scrapbooks and folders."],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence","photographs"],"date_range_isim":[1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePlease note, the -By series is stored offsite.  Please allow at least 72 hours for transportation to the reading room.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eItems on digital or audio-visual carriers will need to be evaluated on a case-by-case basis before digital transfer occurs.  Allow at least two weeks for the evaluation phase.  Digitization may take between two and four weeks.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access","Physical Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Please note, the -By series is stored offsite.  Please allow at least 72 hours for transportation to the reading room.","Items on digital or audio-visual carriers will need to be evaluated on a case-by-case basis before digital transfer occurs.  Allow at least two weeks for the evaluation phase.  Digitization may take between two and four weeks."],"accruals_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection has come to the Small Library in multiple accession over the years beginning in 1974. Accessions include: MSS #10191, MSS #10191-b, MSS #10191-c through -n, MSS #10191-e, MSS #10191-o, MSS #10191-p through -z, MSS #10191-ab through -az, MSS #10191-ba through -bp, MSS #-bq, Mss #10191-br, MSS #10191-bs, MSS #10191-bt, MSS #10191-bu, MSS #10191-bv, MSS #10191-bw, MSS #10191-bx, MSS #10191-by, MSS #10191-bz, MSS #10191-cb, 2022-0088, 2022-0103, 2023-0052\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accruals_heading_ssm":["Acquisition information"],"accruals_tesim":["This collection has come to the Small Library in multiple accession over the years beginning in 1974. Accessions include: MSS #10191, MSS #10191-b, MSS #10191-c through -n, MSS #10191-e, MSS #10191-o, MSS #10191-p through -z, MSS #10191-ab through -az, MSS #10191-ba through -bp, MSS #-bq, Mss #10191-br, MSS #10191-bs, MSS #10191-bt, MSS #10191-bu, MSS #10191-bv, MSS #10191-bw, MSS #10191-bx, MSS #10191-by, MSS #10191-bz, MSS #10191-cb, 2022-0088, 2022-0103, 2023-0052"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe series have been placed roughly in the order of their arrival to the repository.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The series have been placed roughly in the order of their arrival to the repository."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJohn William Warner (born February 18, 1927) is an American Republican politician who served as Secretary of the Navy from 1972 to 1974 and as a five-term United States Senator from Virginia from January 2, 1979, to January 3, 2009. He did not seek reelection in 2008 and has rejoined the law firm of Hogan and Hartson, where he worked before joining the Department of Defense.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  He grew up in Washington D.C. and joined the Navy shortly after graduating from high school, leaving as a Petty Officer 3rd Class. He then did his undergraduate studies at Washington and Lee University and began post-graduate studies at University of Virginia Law School.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  With the outbreak of the Korean War in 1950, Warner joined the Marine Corps, first in active duty and then as a reserve, finally earning the rank of Captain. He resumed his studies at George Washington University and received his law degree in 1953.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e He has been married three times. His first marriage was to Catherine Conover Mellon in 1957; they divorced in 1973. He was married to actress Elizabeth Taylor in 1976; they divorced in 1982. Since 2003, he has been married to Jeanne Vander Myde. He has three children, all from his first marriage.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e In 1987, he was one of few Republicans to reject the nomination of Robert Bork to the Supreme Court. He would later break with Virginia Republicans, refusing to support the campaigns of Mike Farris and Oliver North. In 1996, he was one of ten Republican Senators voting against the charge of perjury in the attempted impechment of President Bill Clinton.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e His committee memberships included the Environment and Public Works Committee, the Committee on the Armed Services, the Committee on Homeland Security and Government Affairs, the Select Committee on Intelligence, and the Committee on Banking, Housing and Urban Affairs.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["John William Warner (born February 18, 1927) is an American Republican politician who served as Secretary of the Navy from 1972 to 1974 and as a five-term United States Senator from Virginia from January 2, 1979, to January 3, 2009. He did not seek reelection in 2008 and has rejoined the law firm of Hogan and Hartson, where he worked before joining the Department of Defense.","He grew up in Washington D.C. and joined the Navy shortly after graduating from high school, leaving as a Petty Officer 3rd Class. He then did his undergraduate studies at Washington and Lee University and began post-graduate studies at University of Virginia Law School.","With the outbreak of the Korean War in 1950, Warner joined the Marine Corps, first in active duty and then as a reserve, finally earning the rank of Captain. He resumed his studies at George Washington University and received his law degree in 1953.","He has been married three times. His first marriage was to Catherine Conover Mellon in 1957; they divorced in 1973. He was married to actress Elizabeth Taylor in 1976; they divorced in 1982. Since 2003, he has been married to Jeanne Vander Myde. He has three children, all from his first marriage.","In 1987, he was one of few Republicans to reject the nomination of Robert Bork to the Supreme Court. He would later break with Virginia Republicans, refusing to support the campaigns of Mike Farris and Oliver North. In 1996, he was one of ten Republican Senators voting against the charge of perjury in the attempted impechment of President Bill Clinton.","His committee memberships included the Environment and Public Works Committee, the Committee on the Armed Services, the Committee on Homeland Security and Government Affairs, the Select Committee on Intelligence, and the Committee on Banking, Housing and Urban Affairs."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 10191, John W. Warner papers, Series number, Box and Folder Numbers, Identification of specific item, Date (if known), Small Special Collections, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 10191, John W. Warner papers, Series number, Box and Folder Numbers, Identification of specific item, Date (if known), Small Special Collections, University of Virginia Library."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection includes general and constituent correspondence, office files, speeches, appointment books, photographs, scrapbooks, and clippings documenting Senator Warner's life and career.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA note regarding consituent correspondence: only in rare instances did the Senator's office keep outgoing corespondence.  The vast majority of what makes up the constituent correspondence are the incoming letters from his constituents.  Original letters sent to the Senator were microfilmed and then destroyed.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content note"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection includes general and constituent correspondence, office files, speeches, appointment books, photographs, scrapbooks, and clippings documenting Senator Warner's life and career.","A note regarding consituent correspondence: only in rare instances did the Senator's office keep outgoing corespondence.  The vast majority of what makes up the constituent correspondence are the incoming letters from his constituents.  Original letters sent to the Senator were microfilmed and then destroyed."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSome material in this collection is protected by copyright and/or related rights; the University does not hold these rights and cannot grant (or withhold) copyright permissions. The donor has retained any copyrights in any portion of the collection created or authored by him. You are free to use materials in the collection in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use, including fair use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). More information about permissions to publish Special Collections material is available \u003ca href=\"https://small.library.virginia.edu/services/publishing\"\u003ehere\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Some material in this collection is protected by copyright and/or related rights; the University does not hold these rights and cannot grant (or withhold) copyright permissions. The donor has retained any copyrights in any portion of the collection created or authored by him. You are free to use materials in the collection in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use, including fair use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). More information about permissions to publish Special Collections material is available here."],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"persname_ssim":["Warner, John W., 1927-","Koed, Betty K."],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Warner, John W., 1927-","Koed, Betty K."],"language_ssim":["The collection is in English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":775,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:53:58.310Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_262_c17_c552"}}],"included":[{"type":"facet","id":"repository_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Repository","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Alexandria Library","value":"Alexandria Library","hits":5},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1992\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Sub-series\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library"}},{"attributes":{"label":"College of William and Mary","value":"College of William and Mary","hits":179},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1992\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Sub-series\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=College+of+William+and+Mary"}},{"attributes":{"label":"George Mason University","value":"George Mason University","hits":171},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1992\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Sub-series\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=George+Mason+University"}},{"attributes":{"label":"James Madison University","value":"James Madison University","hits":41},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1992\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Sub-series\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=James+Madison+University"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Longwood University","value":"Longwood University","hits":19},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1992\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Sub-series\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Longwood+University"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Old Dominion University","value":"Old Dominion University","hits":438},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1992\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Sub-series\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Old+Dominion+University"}},{"attributes":{"label":"The George Washington Presidential Library at Mount Vernon","value":"The George Washington Presidential Library at Mount Vernon","hits":17},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1992\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Sub-series\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=The+George+Washington+Presidential+Library+at+Mount+Vernon"}},{"attributes":{"label":"University of Mary Washington","value":"University of Mary Washington","hits":11},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1992\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Sub-series\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=University+of+Mary+Washington"}},{"attributes":{"label":"University of Richmond","value":"University of Richmond","hits":2},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1992\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Sub-series\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=University+of+Richmond"}},{"attributes":{"label":"University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept.","value":"University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept.","hits":228},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1992\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Sub-series\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=University+of+Virginia%2C+Special+Collections+Dept."}},{"attributes":{"label":"Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library","value":"Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library","hits":34},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1992\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Sub-series\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Virginia+Commonwealth+University%2C+Cabell+Library"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/repository_ssim.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1992\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Sub-series"}},{"type":"facet","id":"collection_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Collection","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"A. 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