{"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1990\u0026page=4593\u0026view=list","prev":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1990\u0026page=4592\u0026view=list","next":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1990\u0026page=4594\u0026view=list","last":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1990\u0026page=4636\u0026view=list"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":4593,"next_page":4594,"prev_page":4592,"total_pages":4636,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":45920,"total_count":46355,"first_page?":false,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"viu_repositories_4_resources_91_c08_c147","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Wright v. 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Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"date_range_isim":[1990],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#277","timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:35:59.804Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_326","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_326","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_326","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_326","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_326.xml","title_ssm":["Nancy Bondurant Jones Papers"],"title_tesim":["Nancy Bondurant Jones Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1909-2011","1991-2007"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1909-2011"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1991-2007"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1909/2011, bulk 1991/2007"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Nancy Bondurant Jones Papers, 1909/2011, bulk 1991/2007"],"text":["Nancy Bondurant Jones Papers, 1909/2011, bulk 1991/2007","SC 0192","/repositories/4/resources/326","Education, Higher -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg","College students -- Manners and customs","Curriculum change -- History -- 20th century","Teachers colleges -- History","Universities and colleges -- Virginia -- History","Printed Ephemera","Letters (correspondence)","Articles","Research (documents)","Drafts (documents)","Speeches (Documents)","Photographs","Collection open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","All media items are pending processing and reformatting. Media items include floppy disks containing Jones's articles and other written documents as well as cassette and microcassette tapes that mainly appear to be interviews that Jones conducted with Dr. Ronald E. Carrier, Lucille Smead, Harry Caplinger, and others.","Due to duplication in the Daily News-Record\n and other periodicals, a collection of scrapbooks containing exclusively newspaper clippings of Jones's articles was returned to the donors.","The collection is arranged in three series.","Subject Files, 1909-2010\n      Personal Papers, 1979-2011\n      Accession 2020-0716, 1945-2011","Obituary for Nancy Bondurant Jones, Daily News-Record, December 14, 2017.","Jones, Nancy B.  Rooted on Blue Stone Hill: A History of James Madison University. Santa Fe, NM; Staunton, VA: Center for American Places, 2004.","Nancy Bondurant Jones (1930-2017) was a well-known writer and historian in the Shenandoah Valley. She was born to Dr. Charles H. and Therma Barclay Bondurant in Roanoke. In 1956, she married Phillip Lawrence Jones, who passed away in 1979. She had two daughters, three sons, six grandchildren, and two great-grandchildren at the time of her death in December 2017.","Jones began her extensive teaching and writing career by getting her Bachelor of Arts at Shepherd College in West Virginia in 1953. Beyond Shepherd, she did additional work at George Washington University, University of Maryland, James Madison University, and University of Virginia. She also received fellowships from the University of Virginia and American University.","After twenty-nine years of teaching at schools in Montgomery County, Maryland and in Rockingham County at Elkton and Turner Ashby high schools, Jones spent the reminder of her career as a freelance writer. Her writing extended across newspapers, journals, speeches, and published books. Some of her most notable writing was done for the local newspaper, the Daily News-Record in which she wrote a weekly column, \"Remembrances,\" for eleven years based on personal memories supported with historical fact. After completing her writing for the DNR, she went on to contribute columns and articles to the Staunton-based paper eightyone, and to JMU's Montpelier magazine. Jones also penned over a dozen books for various local businesses and organizations. Some notable titles include: Rooted on Bluestone Hill: A History of James Madison University (2004), Called to Care: A History of the Nursing Program at Rockingham Memorial Hospital (2004), and Ageless Legacy: A History of Virginia Mennonite Retirement Community (2004), all of which were nominated for the Library of Virginia's outstanding non-fiction award.","Outside of her writing career, Jones was active in the local and statewide community. In 1983, she ran unsuccessfully as the Democratic candidate for the Virginia House of Delegates District 27. She was also the former president of the Harrisonburg Pilot Club, the Rockingham Country Teacher's Association, and the Shenandoah Branch of the National Association of American Pen Women. Beyond these organizations, Jones served on the boards of Greater Madison at JMU, the Sorenson Institute, and the Arts Council of the Valley. Personally, she was a member of the Emmanuel Episcopal Church and opened one of the first bed and breakfasts in the area in the mid-1980s.","For her extensive work through teaching, writing, and community involvement Jones was given a few honors including being cited in the 1989/1990 edition of Who's Who in American Education\n and being named Women of the Year in 2000 by the Working Women's Forum.","In addition to all this work, Jones also worked at JMU for eight years. After retiring from teaching English at Turner Ashby High School in 1989, Jones began working for JMU in former President Dr. Ronald E. Carrier's office as the social events coordinator for Carrier and his wife, Edith. Soon she began writing Dr. Carrier's speeches and other documents as requested.In the early 1990s, Dr. Carrier commissioned her to write a book on the history of JMU that would appeal to a general audience. This book, Rooted on Bluestone Hill, was published in 2004.","The initial accession of the Nancy Bondurant Jones Papers was processed by former Special Collections Librarian Chris Bolgiano in March 2005. The 2017 donation that comprises the bulk of the collection was combined with the original accession. The collection, as a whole, was donated in good condition and required minimal preservation work. The preservation work that was done included removing tape and rusty staples or paperclips from the papers. Loose papers have been interfiled with corresponding subject files. Duplicate items in the collection were discarded. Any Social Security Numbers in the collection were redacted and the original documents discarded. Education records for the Shenandoah Electric Company Scholarship have been removed. It appeared as if Jones was a reader for the scholarship applications. All documents of a personal nature, specifically financial and medical, were returned to the donors. The original arrangement of the collection has been maintained where possible. Books have been cataloged separately. Some loose items found in books have been interfiled in related folders. All these items are identified in their corresponding folders. All media items are pending processing and reformatting.","In order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in the spring of 2017. The 2004 portion of this collection was previously cataloged as SC 5013.","The Nancy Bondurant Jones Papers, 1909-2011 (bulk 1991-2007), consist of materials primarily consisting of research subject files, newspapers and clippings, correspondence, ephemera, speeches, and business and organizational documents. The bulk of the papers correspond to Shenandoah Valley and Virginia history, although some of the papers relate to national history including historical events like the Los Angeles Riots and women's suffrage. Other topics, like cancer or cars, are broader in scope. The collection also includes responses, forms, and letters from JMU alumni, faculty emeriti, and former university presidents that Jones acquired during her research for Rooted on Bluestone Hill. Arranged in two series, there is overlap in some instances between the two. Select draft manuscripts of Jones's other published works are included. The original, intended arrangement from the creator has been maintained where possible. Changes to the arrangement include alphabetizing where needed, slight changes to folder titles when necessary, and interfiling loose papers with existing files.","All published monographs have been cataloged individually and placed in Special Collections' rare book collection.","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. 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Also included are responses and letters from JMU alumni and Presidents Burruss, Duke, and Miller that Jones acquired during her research for  Rooted on Bluestone Hill.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","State Normal and Industrial School for Women (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- History","State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- History","Madison College -- History","James Madison University -- History","Bradley Foundry (Va.)","Michie Tavern (Charlottesville, Va.)","National Association for the Advancement of Colored People","WSVA (Radio station : Harrisonburg, Va.)","Rockingham Memorial Hospital (Harrisonburg, Va.)","National League of American Pen Women","Jones, Nancy Bondurant, 1930-2017","Jones, Randall B. (Randall Bondurant), 1957-","Burruss, Julian Ashby, 1876-1947","Marable, Eleanor Beatrice, 1893-1982","Carrier, Ronald E., 1932-2017","Keezell, George B. (George Bernard), 1854-1931","Gifford, Walter J. 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(Zane Durwood), 1926-2004","Wayland, John Walter, 1872-1962","Wampler, Charles W., Jr., 1915-2017","Webb, Roberta Morgan, 1889-1990","Morrison, Lee (Lonnie Leotus), 1926-2015","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Nancy Bondurant Jones Papers, 1909/2011, bulk 1991/2007"],"collection_ssim":["Nancy Bondurant Jones Papers, 1909/2011, bulk 1991/2007"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0192","/repositories/4/resources/326"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0192","/repositories/4/resources/326"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"creator_ssm":["Jones, Nancy Bondurant, 1930-2017","Jones, Randall B. (Randall Bondurant), 1957-"],"creator_ssim":["Jones, Nancy Bondurant, 1930-2017","Jones, Randall B. (Randall Bondurant), 1957-"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Jones, Nancy Bondurant, 1930-2017","Jones, Randall B. 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(Zane Durwood), 1926-2004","Wayland, John Walter, 1872-1962","Wampler, Charles W., Jr., 1915-2017","Webb, Roberta Morgan, 1889-1990","Morrison, Lee (Lonnie Leotus), 1926-2015","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","State Normal and Industrial School for Women (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- History","State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- History","Madison College -- History","James Madison University -- History","Bradley Foundry (Va.)","Michie Tavern (Charlottesville, Va.)","National Association for the Advancement of Colored People","WSVA (Radio station : Harrisonburg, Va.)","Rockingham Memorial Hospital (Harrisonburg, Va.)","National League of American Pen Women"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. 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Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAll media items are pending processing and reformatting. Media items include floppy disks containing Jones's articles and other written documents as well as cassette and microcassette tapes that mainly appear to be interviews that Jones conducted with Dr. Ronald E. 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Rooted on Blue Stone Hill: A History of James Madison University. Santa Fe, NM; Staunton, VA: Center for American Places, 2004."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNancy Bondurant Jones (1930-2017) was a well-known writer and historian in the Shenandoah Valley. She was born to Dr. Charles H. and Therma Barclay Bondurant in Roanoke. In 1956, she married Phillip Lawrence Jones, who passed away in 1979. She had two daughters, three sons, six grandchildren, and two great-grandchildren at the time of her death in December 2017. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJones began her extensive teaching and writing career by getting her Bachelor of Arts at Shepherd College in West Virginia in 1953. Beyond Shepherd, she did additional work at George Washington University, University of Maryland, James Madison University, and University of Virginia. She also received fellowships from the University of Virginia and American University.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAfter twenty-nine years of teaching at schools in Montgomery County, Maryland and in Rockingham County at Elkton and Turner Ashby high schools, Jones spent the reminder of her career as a freelance writer. Her writing extended across newspapers, journals, speeches, and published books. Some of her most notable writing was done for the local newspaper, the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eDaily News-Record\u003c/emph\u003e in which she wrote a weekly column, \"Remembrances,\" for eleven years based on personal memories supported with historical fact. After completing her writing for the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eDNR\u003c/emph\u003e, she went on to contribute columns and articles to the Staunton-based paper \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eeightyone\u003c/emph\u003e, and to JMU's \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eMontpelier\u003c/emph\u003e magazine. Jones also penned over a dozen books for various local businesses and organizations. Some notable titles include: \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eRooted on Bluestone Hill: A History of James Madison University\u003c/emph\u003e (2004), \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eCalled to Care: A History of the Nursing Program at Rockingham Memorial Hospital\u003c/emph\u003e (2004), and \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eAgeless Legacy: A History of Virginia Mennonite Retirement Community\u003c/emph\u003e (2004), all of which were nominated for the Library of Virginia's outstanding non-fiction award. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOutside of her writing career, Jones was active in the local and statewide community. In 1983, she ran unsuccessfully as the Democratic candidate for the Virginia House of Delegates District 27. She was also the former president of the Harrisonburg Pilot Club, the Rockingham Country Teacher's Association, and the Shenandoah Branch of the National Association of American Pen Women. Beyond these organizations, Jones served on the boards of Greater Madison at JMU, the Sorenson Institute, and the Arts Council of the Valley. Personally, she was a member of the Emmanuel Episcopal Church and opened one of the first bed and breakfasts in the area in the mid-1980s.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor her extensive work through teaching, writing, and community involvement Jones was given a few honors including being cited in the 1989/1990 edition of \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eWho's Who in American Education\u003c/emph\u003e\n and being named Women of the Year in 2000 by the Working Women's Forum.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn addition to all this work, Jones also worked at JMU for eight years. After retiring from teaching English at Turner Ashby High School in 1989, Jones began working for JMU in former President Dr. Ronald E. Carrier's office as the social events coordinator for Carrier and his wife, Edith. Soon she began writing Dr. Carrier's speeches and other documents as requested.In the early 1990s, Dr. Carrier commissioned her to write a book on the history of JMU that would appeal to a general audience. This book, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eRooted on Bluestone Hill\u003c/emph\u003e, was published in 2004.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Nancy Bondurant Jones (1930-2017) was a well-known writer and historian in the Shenandoah Valley. She was born to Dr. Charles H. and Therma Barclay Bondurant in Roanoke. In 1956, she married Phillip Lawrence Jones, who passed away in 1979. She had two daughters, three sons, six grandchildren, and two great-grandchildren at the time of her death in December 2017.","Jones began her extensive teaching and writing career by getting her Bachelor of Arts at Shepherd College in West Virginia in 1953. Beyond Shepherd, she did additional work at George Washington University, University of Maryland, James Madison University, and University of Virginia. She also received fellowships from the University of Virginia and American University.","After twenty-nine years of teaching at schools in Montgomery County, Maryland and in Rockingham County at Elkton and Turner Ashby high schools, Jones spent the reminder of her career as a freelance writer. Her writing extended across newspapers, journals, speeches, and published books. Some of her most notable writing was done for the local newspaper, the Daily News-Record in which she wrote a weekly column, \"Remembrances,\" for eleven years based on personal memories supported with historical fact. After completing her writing for the DNR, she went on to contribute columns and articles to the Staunton-based paper eightyone, and to JMU's Montpelier magazine. Jones also penned over a dozen books for various local businesses and organizations. Some notable titles include: Rooted on Bluestone Hill: A History of James Madison University (2004), Called to Care: A History of the Nursing Program at Rockingham Memorial Hospital (2004), and Ageless Legacy: A History of Virginia Mennonite Retirement Community (2004), all of which were nominated for the Library of Virginia's outstanding non-fiction award.","Outside of her writing career, Jones was active in the local and statewide community. In 1983, she ran unsuccessfully as the Democratic candidate for the Virginia House of Delegates District 27. She was also the former president of the Harrisonburg Pilot Club, the Rockingham Country Teacher's Association, and the Shenandoah Branch of the National Association of American Pen Women. Beyond these organizations, Jones served on the boards of Greater Madison at JMU, the Sorenson Institute, and the Arts Council of the Valley. Personally, she was a member of the Emmanuel Episcopal Church and opened one of the first bed and breakfasts in the area in the mid-1980s.","For her extensive work through teaching, writing, and community involvement Jones was given a few honors including being cited in the 1989/1990 edition of Who's Who in American Education\n and being named Women of the Year in 2000 by the Working Women's Forum.","In addition to all this work, Jones also worked at JMU for eight years. After retiring from teaching English at Turner Ashby High School in 1989, Jones began working for JMU in former President Dr. Ronald E. Carrier's office as the social events coordinator for Carrier and his wife, Edith. Soon she began writing Dr. Carrier's speeches and other documents as requested.In the early 1990s, Dr. Carrier commissioned her to write a book on the history of JMU that would appeal to a general audience. This book, Rooted on Bluestone Hill, was published in 2004."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Nancy Bondurant Jones Papers, 1909-2011 (bulk 1991-2007), SC 0192, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Nancy Bondurant Jones Papers, 1909-2011 (bulk 1991-2007), SC 0192, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe initial accession of the Nancy Bondurant Jones Papers was processed by former Special Collections Librarian Chris Bolgiano in March 2005. The 2017 donation that comprises the bulk of the collection was combined with the original accession. The collection, as a whole, was donated in good condition and required minimal preservation work. The preservation work that was done included removing tape and rusty staples or paperclips from the papers. Loose papers have been interfiled with corresponding subject files. Duplicate items in the collection were discarded. Any Social Security Numbers in the collection were redacted and the original documents discarded. Education records for the Shenandoah Electric Company Scholarship have been removed. It appeared as if Jones was a reader for the scholarship applications. All documents of a personal nature, specifically financial and medical, were returned to the donors. The original arrangement of the collection has been maintained where possible. Books have been cataloged separately. Some loose items found in books have been interfiled in related folders. All these items are identified in their corresponding folders. All media items are pending processing and reformatting.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in the spring of 2017. \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eThe 2004 portion of this collection was previously cataloged as SC 5013.\u003c/emph\u003e\n \u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The initial accession of the Nancy Bondurant Jones Papers was processed by former Special Collections Librarian Chris Bolgiano in March 2005. The 2017 donation that comprises the bulk of the collection was combined with the original accession. The collection, as a whole, was donated in good condition and required minimal preservation work. The preservation work that was done included removing tape and rusty staples or paperclips from the papers. Loose papers have been interfiled with corresponding subject files. Duplicate items in the collection were discarded. Any Social Security Numbers in the collection were redacted and the original documents discarded. Education records for the Shenandoah Electric Company Scholarship have been removed. It appeared as if Jones was a reader for the scholarship applications. All documents of a personal nature, specifically financial and medical, were returned to the donors. The original arrangement of the collection has been maintained where possible. Books have been cataloged separately. Some loose items found in books have been interfiled in related folders. All these items are identified in their corresponding folders. All media items are pending processing and reformatting.","In order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in the spring of 2017. The 2004 portion of this collection was previously cataloged as SC 5013."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Nancy Bondurant Jones Papers, 1909-2011 (bulk 1991-2007), consist of materials primarily consisting of research subject files, newspapers and clippings, correspondence, ephemera, speeches, and business and organizational documents. The bulk of the papers correspond to Shenandoah Valley and Virginia history, although some of the papers relate to national history including historical events like the Los Angeles Riots and women's suffrage. Other topics, like cancer or cars, are broader in scope. The collection also includes responses, forms, and letters from JMU alumni, faculty emeriti, and former university presidents that Jones acquired during her research for \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eRooted on Bluestone Hill.\u003c/emph\u003e Arranged in two series, there is overlap in some instances between the two. Select draft manuscripts of Jones's other published works are included. The original, intended arrangement from the creator has been maintained where possible. Changes to the arrangement include alphabetizing where needed, slight changes to folder titles when necessary, and interfiling loose papers with existing files.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Nancy Bondurant Jones Papers, 1909-2011 (bulk 1991-2007), consist of materials primarily consisting of research subject files, newspapers and clippings, correspondence, ephemera, speeches, and business and organizational documents. The bulk of the papers correspond to Shenandoah Valley and Virginia history, although some of the papers relate to national history including historical events like the Los Angeles Riots and women's suffrage. Other topics, like cancer or cars, are broader in scope. The collection also includes responses, forms, and letters from JMU alumni, faculty emeriti, and former university presidents that Jones acquired during her research for Rooted on Bluestone Hill. Arranged in two series, there is overlap in some instances between the two. Select draft manuscripts of Jones's other published works are included. The original, intended arrangement from the creator has been maintained where possible. Changes to the arrangement include alphabetizing where needed, slight changes to folder titles when necessary, and interfiling loose papers with existing files."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAll published monographs have been cataloged individually and placed in Special Collections' rare book collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Material"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["All published monographs have been cataloged individually and placed in Special Collections' rare book collection."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_893ac77db70c9a599a0610b4ee6c6ed7\"\u003eThe Nancy Bondurant Jones Papers, 1909-2011 (bulk 1991-2007), document the career and personal life of local teacher and writer Nancy Bondurant Jones. The collection mainly consists of research subject files, newspapers and clippings, correspondence, ephemera, speeches, and business and organizational documents. Also included are responses and letters from JMU alumni and Presidents Burruss, Duke, and Miller that Jones acquired during her research for \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003e Rooted on Bluestone Hill.\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The Nancy Bondurant Jones Papers, 1909-2011 (bulk 1991-2007), document the career and personal life of local teacher and writer Nancy Bondurant Jones. The collection mainly consists of research subject files, newspapers and clippings, correspondence, ephemera, speeches, and business and organizational documents. Also included are responses and letters from JMU alumni and Presidents Burruss, Duke, and Miller that Jones acquired during her research for  Rooted on Bluestone Hill."],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","State Normal and Industrial School for Women (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- History","State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- History","Madison College -- History","James Madison University -- History","Bradley Foundry (Va.)","Michie Tavern (Charlottesville, Va.)","National Association for the Advancement of Colored People","WSVA (Radio station : Harrisonburg, Va.)","Rockingham Memorial Hospital (Harrisonburg, Va.)","National League of American Pen Women"],"names_coll_ssim":["State Normal and Industrial School for Women (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- History","State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- History","Madison College -- History","James Madison University -- History","Jones, Randall B. (Randall Bondurant), 1957-","Burruss, Julian Ashby, 1876-1947","Marable, Eleanor Beatrice, 1893-1982","Carrier, Ronald E., 1932-2017","Keezell, George B. (George Bernard), 1854-1931","Gifford, Walter J. (Walter John), 1884-1957","Carrier, Michael L. (Michael Lavon), 1956-2012","McNallie, Robyn M.","Whitman, Richard F."],"persname_ssim":["Jones, Nancy Bondurant, 1930-2017","Jones, Randall B. (Randall Bondurant), 1957-","Burruss, Julian Ashby, 1876-1947","Marable, Eleanor Beatrice, 1893-1982","Carrier, Ronald E., 1932-2017","Keezell, George B. (George Bernard), 1854-1931","Gifford, Walter J. (Walter John), 1884-1957","Carrier, Michael L. (Michael Lavon), 1956-2012","McNallie, Robyn M.","Whitman, Richard F.","Bingham, George Caleb, 1811-1879","Boyd, Belle, 1844-1900","Madison, Bishop (James), 1749-1812","Frederikson, Edna, 1904-1998","Maury, Matthew Fontaine, 1806-1873","Reed, Walter, 1851-1902","Showker, Zane D. (Zane Durwood), 1926-2004","Wayland, John Walter, 1872-1962","Wampler, Charles W., Jr., 1915-2017","Webb, Roberta Morgan, 1889-1990","Morrison, Lee (Lonnie Leotus), 1926-2015"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","State Normal and Industrial School for Women (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- History","State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- History","Madison College -- History","James Madison University -- History","Bradley Foundry (Va.)","Michie Tavern (Charlottesville, Va.)","National Association for the Advancement of Colored People","WSVA (Radio station : Harrisonburg, Va.)","Rockingham Memorial Hospital (Harrisonburg, Va.)","National League of American Pen Women","Jones, Nancy Bondurant, 1930-2017","Jones, Randall B. (Randall Bondurant), 1957-","Burruss, Julian Ashby, 1876-1947","Marable, Eleanor Beatrice, 1893-1982","Carrier, Ronald E., 1932-2017","Keezell, George B. (George Bernard), 1854-1931","Gifford, Walter J. (Walter John), 1884-1957","Carrier, Michael L. (Michael Lavon), 1956-2012","McNallie, Robyn M.","Whitman, Richard F.","Bingham, George Caleb, 1811-1879","Boyd, Belle, 1844-1900","Madison, Bishop (James), 1749-1812","Frederikson, Edna, 1904-1998","Maury, Matthew Fontaine, 1806-1873","Reed, Walter, 1851-1902","Showker, Zane D. (Zane Durwood), 1926-2004","Wayland, John Walter, 1872-1962","Wampler, Charles W., Jr., 1915-2017","Webb, Roberta Morgan, 1889-1990","Morrison, Lee (Lonnie Leotus), 1926-2015"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":357,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:35:59.804Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_326_c01_c278"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_177_c06_c79","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Writers and Writing (3 folders), 1986/1999","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_177_c06_c79#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_177_c06_c79","ref_ssm":["viu_repositories_3_resources_177_c06_c79"],"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_177_c06_c79","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_177","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_177","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_177_c06","parent_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_177_c06","parent_ssim":["Jan Karon papers, 1918/2018, bulk 1964/2018","Topical Files"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viu_repositories_3_resources_177","viu_repositories_3_resources_177_c06"],"title_filing_ssi":"Writers and Writing (3 folders)","title_ssm":["Writers and Writing (3 folders)"],"title_tesim":["Writers and Writing (3 folders)"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Writers and Writing (3 folders), 1986/1999"],"text":["Writers and Writing (3 folders), 1986/1999","Jan Karon papers, 1918/2018, bulk 1964/2018","Topical Files","box 100"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Jan Karon papers, 1918/2018, bulk 1964/2018","Topical Files"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Jan Karon papers, 1918/2018, bulk 1964/2018","Topical Files"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1986/1999"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1986-1999, undated"],"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"component_level_isim":[2],"sort_isi":734,"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"collection_ssim":["Jan Karon papers, 1918/2018, bulk 1964/2018"],"extent_ssm":["3 folder(s)"],"extent_tesim":["3 folder(s)"],"containers_ssim":["box 100"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["This collection is open for research use."],"date_range_isim":[1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999],"_nest_path_":"/components#5/components#78","timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:53:44.527Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_177","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_177","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_177","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_177","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_177.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/133789","title_filing_ssi":"Karon, Jan, papers","title_ssm":["Jan Karon papers"],"title_tesim":["Jan Karon papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1918-2018","1964-2018"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1918-2018"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1964-2018"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1918/2018, bulk 1964/2018"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Jan Karon papers, 1918/2018, bulk 1964/2018"],"text":["Jan Karon papers, 1918/2018, bulk 1964/2018","MSS 16077","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/177","Esmont (Albemarle County, Va. : Dwelling)","Mitford (N.C. : Imaginary place)--Fiction","Authors and publishers","Novelists, American","Advertising","This collection is open for research use.","The Jan Karon papers are organized into eight series. Series I consists of manuscripts and book related material, including illustrations, book jackets and covers, reviews, editorial files, radio plays, stage plays, page proofs, and galleys (Boxes 1-26 and Oversize boxes 1, 3). Series II consists of reader mail from fans (Boxes 27-43).","Series III contains the professional correspondence and papers of Jan Karon concerning the publication of her books, including files with publishers, arrangements and publicity for public appearances, press clippings, and interviews (Boxes 44-59, oversize folder 17 and oversize boxes 1 and 3).","Series IV consists of personal and family papers and is further separated into two subseries,subseries A: personal and family correspondence (Boxes 59-83), including greeting cards and invitations, with frequent correspondents having an individual folder and subseries B: personal papers of Jan Karon, including calendar diaries, journals, personal notes, and related material (Boxes 84-86 and Oversize box 3).","Series V includes materials relating to her advertising career, including the North Carolina tourism campaign (Boxes 87-90 and Oversize box 1).","Series VI contains topical files, including organizations, newsletters, travel files, Mitford general files, and research files Boxes 90-100).","Series VII consists of records about the purchase and restoration of her historic home \"Esmont\" in Ablemarle County, Virginia, including architectural drawings in Subseries A (Oversize folders 1-16 and Oversize boxes 2-3) and papers and photographs in Subseries B (Boxes 101-113).","Series VIII comprises the last series and consists of artifacts, miscellany, audiovisual and born-digital material (Boxes 114-120). This series is arranged in four subseries: Subseries A: Artifacts, chiefly concerning the Second International Mitford Homecoming; Subseries B: Albums and Volumes;Subseries C: Books Influential in the Life of Jan Karon; and Subseries D: Audiovisual and Born Digital Material.","Jan Karon was born on March 14, 1937 in Lenoir, North Carolina, to Robert Cecil Wilson (1914-1977) and Wanda Lee Wilson (1921- ) and was named Janice Meredith after the title of a popular novel. She and her younger sister, Brenda, lived as children with her grandparents, Monroe Ivy Cloer and Fannie Bush Cloer, on their farm outside Hudson, North Carolina. Both sisters later moved to Charlotte, North Carolina to join their mother who had married Toby Setzer, the owner of a hosiery knitting business.","At fourteen, Karon married Robert Bryan Freeland (1932-1995) in Charlotte and had one daughter, Candace Rae Freeland, in 1952. Her advertising career began at the age of eighteen, at Walter J. Klein Company, one of the first advertising agencies in the region.","Karon's marriage to Robert Freeland ended in divorce and in her early twenties, Karon married a Duke Power chemist, Bill Orth, and became active in the Charlotte Little Theater, the Mint Museum Drama Guild, and in local social and political issues. She was one of four white women who marched in an early civil rights protest, led by the Reverend Sydney Freeman, along Charlotte's North Tyron Street.","During the late sixties, she and Orth divorced. Karon then married Arthur Karon, a clothing salesman who moved the family to Berkeley, California, where they lived for three years.","After their marriage ended, Karon returned to Charlotte, North Carolina, and begun working again in advertising. Her dismissal from a Charlotte TV production company in 1982 precipitated what she called the 'proverbial dark night of the soul.' Karon returned to the faith taught her as a child by her grandmother. She began attending Charlotte's interdenominational Calvary Church, and worked as a free-lance copywriter until her move to Raleigh, North Carolina, in 1983, where she joined McKinney and Silver, an internationally renowned advertising firm.","She became an award- winning creative vice-president at McKinney, working on cruise line and airline accounts. There she won, with art director Michael Winslow, the coveted Steven E. Kelly Award, the print advertising equivalent of the Academy Award. Semi-finalists included British Airways, Harley-Davidson, and Waterford Crystal.","Her daughter, Candace Freeland, pursued photojournalism, winning numerous awards with the \"Miami Herald\", the \"Charlotte Observer\", and a stint in Central America for the \"U.S. News and World Report\".","In order to pursue her dream of writing a novel, Karon left her advertising career and, at age fifty, bought a house in the small mountain town of Blowing Rock, North Carolina, where she supported  her dream with freelance advertising work.","Soon, she approached the editor of \"The Blowing Rocket\" with a couple of chapters featuring an Episcopal priest named Tim Kavanagh, which he urged her to run in \"The Blowing Rocket\". The ensuing two years of writing  the priest's story for \"The Blowing Rocket\" resulted in her first novel,  \"At Home in Mitford\", published in paper by a small publishing house in the Midwest. Twenty years after its initial release in paper, the novel appeared in its 85th printing, in a new, 20th anniversary hardcover edition, from Penguin-Random House, the world's largest trade publisher.","The second and third Mitford novels, \"A Light in the Window\" and \"These High Green Hills\", were published by the same house, with limited marketing and distribution. Karon took the promotion of her books into her own hands, cold-selling them to bookstores and befriending bookstore owners. In Raleigh, bookseller Nancy Olson of Quail Ridge Books, was given a copy of \"At Home in Mitford\" by Mary Richardson, Karon's Raleigh neighbor and friend. Olson admired the work and in 1996 introduced Karon to literary agent Liz Darhansoff. Darhansoff showed the  Karon books to Carolyn Carlson at Penguin, and a long and fruitful relationship began. At this writing (2016), Karon has published twenty-two works of fiction and non-fiction,  with sales estimated at more than 40 million, not including foreign sales in nineteen countries. Karon is currently published by G.P. Putnam's Sons, an imprint of Penguin-Random House; her editor is Christine Pepe.","Jan Karon has won much recognition for her work. Among these are three nominations by the American Booksellers Association of \"At Home in Mitford\" for Best Book of the Year for three consecutive years (1996-1998) – a one-time-only occurrence in the Association's history to date.","In 2013, \"Somewhere Safe with Somebody Good\", which spent seventeen weeks on the New York Times bestseller list, was given the Library of Virginia's Best Fiction of the Year award. In 2015, Karon received The Library of Virginia's Lifetime Achievement Award. And in 2016, \"Come Rain or Come Shine\" debuting at #1 on the \"New York Times\" list, was the recipient of the 2016 Christy Award. A further recognition is the designation of Jan Karon as a lay Canon for the Arts in the Episcopal Diocese of Quincy.  For more information about honors and awards, see box 44 of this collection.","For more information about Jan Karon and her books, see the publicity – press files in boxes 55-56 of this collection, a long article in \"The Charlotte Observer\", August 14, 2005, her facebook page https://www.facebook.com/JanKaron/ and website http://www.mitfordbooks.com/ , as well as her Wikipedia entry: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan_Karon","There are two hard drives in this collection that are currently unavailable.","Please contact Special Collections via our online form, https://small.library.virginia.edu/services/reference-request/, to request access.  Please allow for a minimum of two weeks to process this request.","The Jan Karon papers (66 cubic feet; 1918-2018) contain Mitford book typescripts and galleys; materials related to Ms. Karon's publishing career  and her relationship with her agent and publisher; letters and fan mail from readers, arranged by month and year only;   memorabilia; professional and personal correspondence; reviews and press publicity; research related to Karon's novels; files related to charitable organizations and boards; architectural drawings of Esmont Farm; files and journals related to the purchase, restoration, and running of historic Esmont Farm, Albemarle County, Virginia, by Karon; personal and family papers; files pertaining to Jan Karon's advertising career, particularly the North Carolina tourism campaign for McKinney and Silver; photographs; artifacts; audiovisual material; and born-digital material, including disks and hard drives.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Setzer family -- correspondence","Karon, Jan (Janice), 1937-","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Jan Karon papers, 1918/2018, bulk 1964/2018"],"collection_ssim":["Jan Karon papers, 1918/2018, bulk 1964/2018"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16077","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/177"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16077","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/177"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"geogname_ssm":["Esmont (Albemarle County, Va. : Dwelling)"],"geogname_ssim":["Esmont (Albemarle County, Va. : Dwelling)"],"places_ssim":["Esmont (Albemarle County, Va. : Dwelling)"],"creator_ssm":["Karon, Jan (Janice), 1937-"],"creator_ssim":["Karon, Jan (Janice), 1937-"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Karon, Jan (Janice), 1937-"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"creator_famname_ssim":["Setzer family -- correspondence"],"creators_ssim":["Karon, Jan (Janice), 1937-","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Setzer family -- correspondence"],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Jan Karon papers were given to the University of Virginia Library on October 2, 2014, by Jan Karon."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Mitford (N.C. : Imaginary place)--Fiction","Authors and publishers","Novelists, American","Advertising"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Mitford (N.C. : Imaginary place)--Fiction","Authors and publishers","Novelists, American","Advertising"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["66 Cubic Feet 120 legal document boxes, 3 oversize boxes, 17 oversize folders"],"extent_tesim":["66 Cubic Feet 120 legal document boxes, 3 oversize boxes, 17 oversize folders"],"physfacet_tesim":["17 audio cassettes, 26 videocassettes, 46 disks, and 2 hard drives."],"date_range_isim":[1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open for research use."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Jan Karon papers are organized into eight series. Series I consists of manuscripts and book related material, including illustrations, book jackets and covers, reviews, editorial files, radio plays, stage plays, page proofs, and galleys (Boxes 1-26 and Oversize boxes 1, 3). Series II consists of reader mail from fans (Boxes 27-43). \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries III contains the professional correspondence and papers of Jan Karon concerning the publication of her books, including files with publishers, arrangements and publicity for public appearances, press clippings, and interviews (Boxes 44-59, oversize folder 17 and oversize boxes 1 and 3). \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries IV consists of personal and family papers and is further separated into two subseries,subseries A: personal and family correspondence (Boxes 59-83), including greeting cards and invitations, with frequent correspondents having an individual folder and subseries B: personal papers of Jan Karon, including calendar diaries, journals, personal notes, and related material (Boxes 84-86 and Oversize box 3). \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries V includes materials relating to her advertising career, including the North Carolina tourism campaign (Boxes 87-90 and Oversize box 1).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries VI contains topical files, including organizations, newsletters, travel files, Mitford general files, and research files Boxes 90-100).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries VII consists of records about the purchase and restoration of her historic home \"Esmont\" in Ablemarle County, Virginia, including architectural drawings in Subseries A (Oversize folders 1-16 and Oversize boxes 2-3) and papers and photographs in Subseries B (Boxes 101-113). \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries VIII comprises the last series and consists of artifacts, miscellany, audiovisual and born-digital material (Boxes 114-120). This series is arranged in four subseries: Subseries A: Artifacts, chiefly concerning the Second International Mitford Homecoming; Subseries B: Albums and Volumes;Subseries C: Books Influential in the Life of Jan Karon; and Subseries D: Audiovisual and Born Digital Material.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The Jan Karon papers are organized into eight series. Series I consists of manuscripts and book related material, including illustrations, book jackets and covers, reviews, editorial files, radio plays, stage plays, page proofs, and galleys (Boxes 1-26 and Oversize boxes 1, 3). Series II consists of reader mail from fans (Boxes 27-43).","Series III contains the professional correspondence and papers of Jan Karon concerning the publication of her books, including files with publishers, arrangements and publicity for public appearances, press clippings, and interviews (Boxes 44-59, oversize folder 17 and oversize boxes 1 and 3).","Series IV consists of personal and family papers and is further separated into two subseries,subseries A: personal and family correspondence (Boxes 59-83), including greeting cards and invitations, with frequent correspondents having an individual folder and subseries B: personal papers of Jan Karon, including calendar diaries, journals, personal notes, and related material (Boxes 84-86 and Oversize box 3).","Series V includes materials relating to her advertising career, including the North Carolina tourism campaign (Boxes 87-90 and Oversize box 1).","Series VI contains topical files, including organizations, newsletters, travel files, Mitford general files, and research files Boxes 90-100).","Series VII consists of records about the purchase and restoration of her historic home \"Esmont\" in Ablemarle County, Virginia, including architectural drawings in Subseries A (Oversize folders 1-16 and Oversize boxes 2-3) and papers and photographs in Subseries B (Boxes 101-113).","Series VIII comprises the last series and consists of artifacts, miscellany, audiovisual and born-digital material (Boxes 114-120). This series is arranged in four subseries: Subseries A: Artifacts, chiefly concerning the Second International Mitford Homecoming; Subseries B: Albums and Volumes;Subseries C: Books Influential in the Life of Jan Karon; and Subseries D: Audiovisual and Born Digital Material."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJan Karon was born on March 14, 1937 in Lenoir, North Carolina, to Robert Cecil Wilson (1914-1977) and Wanda Lee Wilson (1921- ) and was named Janice Meredith after the title of a popular novel. She and her younger sister, Brenda, lived as children with her grandparents, Monroe Ivy Cloer and Fannie Bush Cloer, on their farm outside Hudson, North Carolina. Both sisters later moved to Charlotte, North Carolina to join their mother who had married Toby Setzer, the owner of a hosiery knitting business.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAt fourteen, Karon married Robert Bryan Freeland (1932-1995) in Charlotte and had one daughter, Candace Rae Freeland, in 1952. Her advertising career began at the age of eighteen, at Walter J. Klein Company, one of the first advertising agencies in the region. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eKaron's marriage to Robert Freeland ended in divorce and in her early twenties, Karon married a Duke Power chemist, Bill Orth, and became active in the Charlotte Little Theater, the Mint Museum Drama Guild, and in local social and political issues. She was one of four white women who marched in an early civil rights protest, led by the Reverend Sydney Freeman, along Charlotte's North Tyron Street.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring the late sixties, she and Orth divorced. Karon then married Arthur Karon, a clothing salesman who moved the family to Berkeley, California, where they lived for three years.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAfter their marriage ended, Karon returned to Charlotte, North Carolina, and begun working again in advertising. Her dismissal from a Charlotte TV production company in 1982 precipitated what she called the 'proverbial dark night of the soul.' Karon returned to the faith taught her as a child by her grandmother. She began attending Charlotte's interdenominational Calvary Church, and worked as a free-lance copywriter until her move to Raleigh, North Carolina, in 1983, where she joined McKinney and Silver, an internationally renowned advertising firm. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eShe became an award- winning creative vice-president at McKinney, working on cruise line and airline accounts. There she won, with art director Michael Winslow, the coveted Steven E. Kelly Award, the print advertising equivalent of the Academy Award. Semi-finalists included British Airways, Harley-Davidson, and Waterford Crystal.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHer daughter, Candace Freeland, pursued photojournalism, winning numerous awards with the \u003ctitle\u003e\"Miami Herald\"\u003c/title\u003e, the \u003ctitle\u003e\"Charlotte Observer\"\u003c/title\u003e, and a stint in Central America for the \u003ctitle\u003e\"U.S. News and World Report\"\u003c/title\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn order to pursue her dream of writing a novel, Karon left her advertising career and, at age fifty, bought a house in the small mountain town of Blowing Rock, North Carolina, where she supported  her dream with freelance advertising work.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSoon, she approached the editor of \u003ctitle\u003e\"The Blowing Rocket\"\u003c/title\u003e with a couple of chapters featuring an Episcopal priest named Tim Kavanagh, which he urged her to run in \u003ctitle\u003e\"The Blowing Rocket\"\u003c/title\u003e. The ensuing two years of writing  the priest's story for \u003ctitle\u003e\"The Blowing Rocket\"\u003c/title\u003e resulted in her first novel,  \u003ctitle\u003e\"At Home in Mitford\"\u003c/title\u003e, published in paper by a small publishing house in the Midwest. Twenty years after its initial release in paper, the novel appeared in its 85th printing, in a new, 20th anniversary hardcover edition, from Penguin-Random House, the world's largest trade publisher.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe second and third Mitford novels, \u003ctitle\u003e\"A Light in the Window\"\u003c/title\u003e and \u003ctitle\u003e\"These High Green Hills\"\u003c/title\u003e, were published by the same house, with limited marketing and distribution. Karon took the promotion of her books into her own hands, cold-selling them to bookstores and befriending bookstore owners. In Raleigh, bookseller Nancy Olson of Quail Ridge Books, was given a copy of \u003ctitle\u003e\"At Home in Mitford\"\u003c/title\u003e by Mary Richardson, Karon's Raleigh neighbor and friend. Olson admired the work and in 1996 introduced Karon to literary agent Liz Darhansoff. Darhansoff showed the  Karon books to Carolyn Carlson at Penguin, and a long and fruitful relationship began. At this writing (2016), Karon has published twenty-two works of fiction and non-fiction,  with sales estimated at more than 40 million, not including foreign sales in nineteen countries. Karon is currently published by G.P. Putnam's Sons, an imprint of Penguin-Random House; her editor is Christine Pepe.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJan Karon has won much recognition for her work. Among these are three nominations by the American Booksellers Association of \u003ctitle\u003e\"At Home in Mitford\"\u003c/title\u003e for Best Book of the Year for three consecutive years (1996-1998) – a one-time-only occurrence in the Association's history to date.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 2013, \u003ctitle\u003e\"Somewhere Safe with Somebody Good\"\u003c/title\u003e, which spent seventeen weeks on the New York Times bestseller list, was given the Library of Virginia's Best Fiction of the Year award. In 2015, Karon received The Library of Virginia's Lifetime Achievement Award. And in 2016, \u003ctitle\u003e\"Come Rain or Come Shine\"\u003c/title\u003e debuting at #1 on the \u003ctitle\u003e\"New York Times\"\u003c/title\u003e list, was the recipient of the 2016 Christy Award. A further recognition is the designation of Jan Karon as a lay Canon for the Arts in the Episcopal Diocese of Quincy.  For more information about honors and awards, see box 44 of this collection.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor more information about Jan Karon and her books, see the publicity – press files in boxes 55-56 of this collection, a long article in \u003ctitle\u003e\"The Charlotte Observer\"\u003c/title\u003e, August 14, 2005, her facebook page https://www.facebook.com/JanKaron/ and website http://www.mitfordbooks.com/ , as well as her Wikipedia entry: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan_Karon\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Jan Karon was born on March 14, 1937 in Lenoir, North Carolina, to Robert Cecil Wilson (1914-1977) and Wanda Lee Wilson (1921- ) and was named Janice Meredith after the title of a popular novel. She and her younger sister, Brenda, lived as children with her grandparents, Monroe Ivy Cloer and Fannie Bush Cloer, on their farm outside Hudson, North Carolina. Both sisters later moved to Charlotte, North Carolina to join their mother who had married Toby Setzer, the owner of a hosiery knitting business.","At fourteen, Karon married Robert Bryan Freeland (1932-1995) in Charlotte and had one daughter, Candace Rae Freeland, in 1952. Her advertising career began at the age of eighteen, at Walter J. Klein Company, one of the first advertising agencies in the region.","Karon's marriage to Robert Freeland ended in divorce and in her early twenties, Karon married a Duke Power chemist, Bill Orth, and became active in the Charlotte Little Theater, the Mint Museum Drama Guild, and in local social and political issues. She was one of four white women who marched in an early civil rights protest, led by the Reverend Sydney Freeman, along Charlotte's North Tyron Street.","During the late sixties, she and Orth divorced. Karon then married Arthur Karon, a clothing salesman who moved the family to Berkeley, California, where they lived for three years.","After their marriage ended, Karon returned to Charlotte, North Carolina, and begun working again in advertising. Her dismissal from a Charlotte TV production company in 1982 precipitated what she called the 'proverbial dark night of the soul.' Karon returned to the faith taught her as a child by her grandmother. She began attending Charlotte's interdenominational Calvary Church, and worked as a free-lance copywriter until her move to Raleigh, North Carolina, in 1983, where she joined McKinney and Silver, an internationally renowned advertising firm.","She became an award- winning creative vice-president at McKinney, working on cruise line and airline accounts. There she won, with art director Michael Winslow, the coveted Steven E. Kelly Award, the print advertising equivalent of the Academy Award. Semi-finalists included British Airways, Harley-Davidson, and Waterford Crystal.","Her daughter, Candace Freeland, pursued photojournalism, winning numerous awards with the \"Miami Herald\", the \"Charlotte Observer\", and a stint in Central America for the \"U.S. News and World Report\".","In order to pursue her dream of writing a novel, Karon left her advertising career and, at age fifty, bought a house in the small mountain town of Blowing Rock, North Carolina, where she supported  her dream with freelance advertising work.","Soon, she approached the editor of \"The Blowing Rocket\" with a couple of chapters featuring an Episcopal priest named Tim Kavanagh, which he urged her to run in \"The Blowing Rocket\". The ensuing two years of writing  the priest's story for \"The Blowing Rocket\" resulted in her first novel,  \"At Home in Mitford\", published in paper by a small publishing house in the Midwest. Twenty years after its initial release in paper, the novel appeared in its 85th printing, in a new, 20th anniversary hardcover edition, from Penguin-Random House, the world's largest trade publisher.","The second and third Mitford novels, \"A Light in the Window\" and \"These High Green Hills\", were published by the same house, with limited marketing and distribution. Karon took the promotion of her books into her own hands, cold-selling them to bookstores and befriending bookstore owners. In Raleigh, bookseller Nancy Olson of Quail Ridge Books, was given a copy of \"At Home in Mitford\" by Mary Richardson, Karon's Raleigh neighbor and friend. Olson admired the work and in 1996 introduced Karon to literary agent Liz Darhansoff. Darhansoff showed the  Karon books to Carolyn Carlson at Penguin, and a long and fruitful relationship began. At this writing (2016), Karon has published twenty-two works of fiction and non-fiction,  with sales estimated at more than 40 million, not including foreign sales in nineteen countries. Karon is currently published by G.P. Putnam's Sons, an imprint of Penguin-Random House; her editor is Christine Pepe.","Jan Karon has won much recognition for her work. Among these are three nominations by the American Booksellers Association of \"At Home in Mitford\" for Best Book of the Year for three consecutive years (1996-1998) – a one-time-only occurrence in the Association's history to date.","In 2013, \"Somewhere Safe with Somebody Good\", which spent seventeen weeks on the New York Times bestseller list, was given the Library of Virginia's Best Fiction of the Year award. In 2015, Karon received The Library of Virginia's Lifetime Achievement Award. And in 2016, \"Come Rain or Come Shine\" debuting at #1 on the \"New York Times\" list, was the recipient of the 2016 Christy Award. A further recognition is the designation of Jan Karon as a lay Canon for the Arts in the Episcopal Diocese of Quincy.  For more information about honors and awards, see box 44 of this collection.","For more information about Jan Karon and her books, see the publicity – press files in boxes 55-56 of this collection, a long article in \"The Charlotte Observer\", August 14, 2005, her facebook page https://www.facebook.com/JanKaron/ and website http://www.mitfordbooks.com/ , as well as her Wikipedia entry: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan_Karon"],"phystech_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are two hard drives in this collection that are currently unavailable.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePlease contact Special Collections via our online form, https://small.library.virginia.edu/services/reference-request/, to request access.  Please allow for a minimum of two weeks to process this request. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"phystech_heading_ssm":["Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements"],"phystech_tesim":["There are two hard drives in this collection that are currently unavailable.","Please contact Special Collections via our online form, https://small.library.virginia.edu/services/reference-request/, to request access.  Please allow for a minimum of two weeks to process this request."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16077 Jan Karon papers, box #, folder #, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16077 Jan Karon papers, box #, folder #, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Jan Karon papers (66 cubic feet; 1918-2018) contain Mitford book typescripts and galleys; materials related to Ms. Karon's publishing career  and her relationship with her agent and publisher; letters and fan mail from readers, arranged by month and year only;   memorabilia; professional and personal correspondence; reviews and press publicity; research related to Karon's novels; files related to charitable organizations and boards; architectural drawings of Esmont Farm; files and journals related to the purchase, restoration, and running of historic Esmont Farm, Albemarle County, Virginia, by Karon; personal and family papers; files pertaining to Jan Karon's advertising career, particularly the North Carolina tourism campaign for McKinney and Silver; photographs; artifacts; audiovisual material; and born-digital material, including disks and hard drives.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents Note"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Jan Karon papers (66 cubic feet; 1918-2018) contain Mitford book typescripts and galleys; materials related to Ms. Karon's publishing career  and her relationship with her agent and publisher; letters and fan mail from readers, arranged by month and year only;   memorabilia; professional and personal correspondence; reviews and press publicity; research related to Karon's novels; files related to charitable organizations and boards; architectural drawings of Esmont Farm; files and journals related to the purchase, restoration, and running of historic Esmont Farm, Albemarle County, Virginia, by Karon; personal and family papers; files pertaining to Jan Karon's advertising career, particularly the North Carolina tourism campaign for McKinney and Silver; photographs; artifacts; audiovisual material; and born-digital material, including disks and hard drives."],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"famname_ssim":["Setzer family -- correspondence"],"names_coll_ssim":["Setzer family -- correspondence"],"persname_ssim":["Karon, Jan (Janice), 1937-"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Setzer family -- correspondence","Karon, Jan (Janice), 1937-"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1248,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:53:44.527Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_177_c06_c79"}},{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_224_c01_c179","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Writers at Work, 1987/1990","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_224_c01_c179#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_224_c01_c179","ref_ssm":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_224_c01_c179"],"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_224_c01_c179","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_224","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_224","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_224_c01","parent_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_224_c01","parent_ssim":["Larry Levis papers, 1974/2006","Series 1: Correspondence, 1974/2006"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_224","vircu_repositories_5_resources_224_c01"],"title_filing_ssi":"Writers at Work","title_ssm":["Writers at Work"],"title_tesim":["Writers at Work"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Writers at Work, 1987/1990"],"text":["Writers at Work, 1987/1990","Larry Levis papers, 1974/2006","Series 1: Correspondence, 1974/2006","box 4","folder 37"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Larry Levis papers, 1974/2006","Series 1: Correspondence, 1974/2006"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Larry Levis papers, 1974/2006","Series 1: Correspondence, 1974/2006"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1987/1990"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1987, 1990"],"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"component_level_isim":[2],"sort_isi":180,"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"collection_ssim":["Larry Levis papers, 1974/2006"],"containers_ssim":["box 4","folder 37"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection is open to research except for certain materials due to FERPA and/or the presence of personally identifiable information.","Special guidelines: Researchers must contact the archivist at least one week in advance for access to Series 4: Academic files, Series 6: Born digital materials, and Series 7: Sheila Brady materials."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["There are no restrictions."],"date_range_isim":[1987,1988,1989,1990],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#178","timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:40:08.594Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_224","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_224","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_224","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_224","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VCU/repositories_5_resources_224.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Levis, Larry, Papers","title_ssm":["Larry Levis papers"],"title_tesim":["Larry Levis papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1974-2006"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1974-2006"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1974/2006"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Larry Levis papers, 1974/2006"],"text":["Larry Levis papers, 1974/2006","M 426","/repositories/5/resources/224","Poets, American -- 20th century","Collection is open to research except for certain materials due to FERPA and/or the presence of personally identifiable information.","Special guidelines: Researchers must contact the archivist at least one week in advance for access to Series 4: Academic files, Series 6: Born digital materials, and Series 7: Sheila Brady materials.","In 2016, the collection was reappraised and reprocessed.","The collection is organized into eight series. Series 1: Correspondence, 1974-2006; Series 2: Writings, circa 1977-1999; Series 3: Printed materials, 1980-2005; Series 4: Academic files, 1980-1996; Series 5: Business and personal files, 1980-2000; Series 6: Born-digital materials, undated; Series 7: Sheila Brady materials, 1975-2005; Series 8: Collected materials, 1996.","Larry Patrick Levis was a poet and a professor of poetry. He was born on September 30, 1946 to parents\nWilliam Kent Levis and Carol Mayo Levis in Fresno, California, the youngest of four children. Levis\ngrew up on his family's ranch, a large farm of vineyards and orchards in Selma, California. During his childhood, he helped his father and the farm workers employed by the family\nwith the daily operations of the ranch.","Levis earned a bachelor's degree in English in 1968, from Fresno State College, later renamed California\nState University, Fresno, where he formed what would become a lifelong friendship with Philip Levine.\nTwo years later, he earned a master's degree in Creative Writing from Syracuse University. Following his\ngraduation, Levis became a lecturer at the University of California Los Angeles, where he taught from\n1970 to 1972. In 1972, the University of Pittsburgh Press published his first book of poems, Wrecking\nCrew, which won the United States Award from the International Poetry Forum. That same year he\njoined the Iowa Writers' Workshop at the University of Iowa where he taught and was a writing fellow\nfrom 1972 to 1974. From 1972 to 1973, Levis served as West Coast Editor of the literary magazine\nCrazyhorse, and in 1973, he received his first National Endowment for the Arts Fellowship.","In 1974, Levis earned a doctorate in English from the University of Iowa and took a job as an assistant\nprofessor at the University of Missouri, Columbia, where he taught from 1974 to 1983. He was promoted to the rank of associate professor and was tenured in 1980, and he also served\nas co-editor and founding editor of the Missouri Review from 1978 to 1981. \nHis second book\nof poems, The Afterlife, was published in 1977 by the Windhover Press of the University of Iowa and the\nUniversity of Iowa Press and was awarded the Lamont Poetry Selection of the American Academy of\nPoets. \nLevis returned to the Iowa Writers' Workshop at the University of Iowa as a visiting poet from 1980 to 1982, and again in 1991. His third book of poems, The Dollmaker's Ghost, which was the winner of the Open Competition of the National Poetry Series, was published by E.P. Dutton in 1981. In 1983, Levis was awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship and traveled through Mexico and several countries in Europe.","Levis took a position as an associate professor at the University of Utah in 1984. That same year, he\nreceived his second National Endowment for the Arts Fellowship. The University\nof Pittsburg Press released his fourth book of poems, Winter Stars, in 1985. Levis was promoted to the position\nof full professor in 1988, and he served as director of Utah's Program of Creative Writing from 1988\nto 1992. Levis also served as associate editor of the Western Humanities Review from 1987 to 1992.\nIn 1988, he received a Senior Fulbright Fellowship and traveled to Yugoslavia, and he was\nawarded a third National Endowment for the Arts Fellowship in 1989. In 1991, the University of Pittsburgh Press\npublished Levis's fifth book of poems, The Widening Spell of the Leaves.","Levis moved to Richmond, Virginia, in 1992, having taken a job as a professor and senior poet at\nVirginia Commonwealth University. That same year, Peregrine Smith published Black Freckles, a book of\nLevis's short prose pieces. In 1993, Levis became director of the master's of fine arts program in Creative\nWriting at Virginia Commonwealth University. At this time, Levis was also a faculty member of the Warren Wilson College's master's of fine arts Creative Writing Program. He continued teaching and mentoring students in the low-residency program into 1996.\nOn May 9, 1996, Levis was found dead from cardiac arrest at the age of 49 in his home in the Church\nHill neighborhood of Richmond.","Over the course of his career, Levis's poems were published in a number of magazines and journals\nincluding American Poetry Review, The New Yorker, Field, Southern Review, and Antioch Review,\namong others. In addition to the publications noted above, Levis also had several other limited edition\nchapbooks published including The Rain's Witness in 1975, The Leopard's Mouth Is Dry and Cold Inside\nwith Marcia Southwick in 1976, and Sensationalism in 1983, as well as a limited edition broadside, The Two\nTrees, in 1994.","Levis has one child, Nicholas Levis, born in 1978, the son of Marcia Southwick, to whom Levis was\nmarried from 1975 to the early 1980s. He had also been married to Barbara Campbell from 1969 to 1973\nand Mary Jane Hale from 1989 to 1990.","Extant documentation of the state in which Levis's materials were initially found following his death\nindicates that Levis likely maintain only a very rudimentary organizational system. John Venable,\nthe graduate student tasked with the organization of Levis's office papers by Levis's sister, Sheila\nBrady, noted in a letter to Brady that \"Larry's method of filing drafts and revisions of poems is,\nsimply, unlike anything I've ever seen: drafts are not dated, some drafts switch from handwriting to\ntypescript and back again, further drafts are found in other, unmarked folders.\" Venable stated that\nhe consolidated groupings of Levis's academic files and his literary materials, the latter of which\nhe subdivided into three subgroups: drafts of poems and prose both from published collections and\nunpublished works, personal and professional correspondence, and \"indecipherable\" handwritten\npages. Following this organizational effort, it is likely that the salvaged materials were transferred to\nthe custody of the New Virginia Review.","Following their transfer, the exact date of which is unknown, the materials were stored, handled,\nadded to, and mailed among multiple parties, including several of Levis's friends, colleagues, and\nfamily members, who actively used the materials as they compiled, edited, and published several\nposthumous collections of Levis's work: Elegy (1997), The Selected Levis (2000), The Gazer Within\n(2001), and The Darkening Trapeze (2016), as well as Condition of the Spirit (2004), a compilation of\nLevis's essays and writings about Levis by others.","Details of this collaborative process are described by David St. John in his afterword to The\nDarkening Trapeze. He notes that content was pulled from Levis's computers and his home office\nin addition to his university office, and that the endeavor to collect and organize Levis's drafts was\nled by Mary Flinn, Gregory Donovan, and Amy Tudor, the three of whom also collaboratively\ndetermined which were the most recent drafts of given poems among those found. Editing of the\nresulting posthumous volumes was variously completed by Philip Levine, David St. John, James\nMarshall, Andrew Miller, John Venable, Mary Flinn, and Christopher Buckley. All posthumous\npublications were created either at the request or with the permission of Levis estate administrator\nSheila Brady.","Materials pertaining to the compilation of these works seems to have been added to the collection\nduring this time. It is clear, judging from David St. John's account as well as notations on folders,\nenvelopes, and sticky notes found during the reappraisal process, that the collection's intermediary\ncustodians sorted the materials in order to facilitate their use, though it is unknown how many\nseparate attempts at arrangement were made before the 2016 reappraisal and reprocessing.","Born digital materials are housed on 3.5 and 4.25 inch floppy disks.","When the collection was originally processed by VCU Special Collections and Archives in 2013, staff\nfound virtually no evidence of original order, and so an order was imposed at that time. Writings by\nLevis were organized chronologically and correspondence was arranged alphabetically. Materials\ndocumenting Levis's academic career were organized by institution, and his personal effects and\nposthumous materials were arranged by material type.","During the 2013 processing of the collection, materials acquired through a separate donation by Sheila\nBrady in 2011 were interfiled into the materials purchased in 2009. As provenance information was\nretained by that processor at the folder level, it was possible during the 2016 reprocessing effort\nto separate and arrange the materials donated by Brady into a single series, Series 7: Sheila Brady\nmaterials.","Materials which seems to have a provenance distinct from the 2009 purchase from Nicholas Levis and the 2011 donation of Sheila Brady have been grouped into Series 8: Collected materials during the 2016 reprocessing. This series will also encompass any future accruals to the collection, should they occur.","During the 2016 reappraisal and reprocessing, where order was discernable, whether it may be the result\nof Levis's design or that of the collection's custodians following his death, all efforts have been made to\npreserve it. This was done because any such order may hold clues to the creator's intent,\nwhether that order had been established by Levis himself or by those who knew him well and therefore may\nhave possessed unique insights into his creative process. Where order was found to be lacking, an\narrangement was imposed on the collection in order to facilitate intellectual control and access.\nThis imposition of order consisted of grouping materials either by record type or provenance, where\npossible.","Evidence of arrangement attempts made by Levis's colleagues and family after his death has been\nretained as much as possible through preservation photocopying of notes and the inclusion of relevant\ndescriptive information added by those other than Levis in folder titles placed within brackets. These retained notes include location information, description of content, and,\nfor some collected works, numerical or potentially sequential identification of drafts.","The Larry Levis papers consist of materials created and accumulated by Levis, his colleagues, and members of his family. Materials date from 1974 to 2006 and document Levis's literary career and legacy, his career in academia, and aspects of his personal life.","The great majority of Series 1: Correspondence is made up of letters, cards, notes, and postcards received by Levis as well as a lesser number of letters written by Levis. Correspondents include friends, colleagues, family members, and editors. These letters provide insight into Levis's personal and professional relationships. The folder of unidentified correspondence holds materials lacking an identifiable correspondent as these letters, cards, and postcards are marked with only a first name, illegible signatures, or no name at all. Miscellaneous envelopes are those that do not correspond with a letter or card in the series. Also found in this series are sets of correspondence in which Levis was neither the sender nor the recipient. These include the correspondence of James Marshall, Mary Flinn, and a set of other correspondence that includes single instances of exchanges between unique pairs of individuals. Most folders in this series hold only a few pieces of correspondence, with the exception of correspondence with Philip Levine which is substantial, but consists largely of photocopies.","Series 2: Writings, the largest series in this collection, is broken into three subseries: Subseries 2.1: Collected works, Subseries 2.2: Other works, and Subseries 2.3: Writings of others. These materials illuminate aspects of Levis's creative process, his professional and artistic relationships with peers, and the evolution of his literary career and legacy.","Subseries 2.1: Collected works makes up the bulk of this series and consists of drafts of Levis's writing, including drafts of individual poetry and prose pieces, manuscript drafts of collected works, journals, and unarranged or unidentified poem and prose drafts, many of which are handwritten. Some drafts include comments of Levis's colleagues, including Philip Levine. Content related to Levis's early works and limited edition publications is largely absent. Best represented are the works The Dollmaker's Ghost, Winter Stars, The Widening Spell of the Leaves, Black Freckles, Elegy, and The Gazer Within.","Evidence of posthumous arrangement activities is most prominent in this subseries, and all efforts have been made to preserve it as it may hold clues to the creator's intent. Preservation photocopies of sticky notes and notes written on envelopes are included in their corresponding folders. Descriptive information added by those other than Levis has been included in folder titles placed within brackets. The retained notations give location information, description of content, and, for some collected works, numerical or potentially sequential identification of drafts.","Drafts of poems and prose not identified and grouped with a specific collected volume have been placed in Subseries 2.2: Other works. Though the majority of these folders lacked distinct titles indicating why certain materials were placed in a folder together at the time of processing, there may be unknown meaning to their arrangement. Therefore, these items have been kept in their original folder groupings. Drafts marked at \"unidentified\" could not be identified in terms of genre.","Materials in Subseries 2.3: Writings of others include drafts or otherwise unpublished versions of poetry and prose pieces by other individuals. Some pieces are about Levis, while others were, presumably, acquired by Levis or his associates at some point.","In this series, many copies of poem drafts, including a number of the drafts for the collected work Elegy as well as unidentified drafts are photocopies. Dates given on folders holding these materials reflect the dates of the original content, when provided.","Series 3: Printed materials contains published poems, articles, and interviews by Levis and others as well as advertisements, flyers, and other printed ephemera. Items in this series provide examples of Levis's public presence, analysis and interpretation of his work in the press, and works by others that Levis or his associates acquired and retained. Published works by Levis are identified first by genre, then by title, whereas works by others are identified by the name of the author, then by title. Materials grouped by type include advertisements mentioning Levis, articles and press releases about Levis, articles about Philip Levine, postcards, and reviews.","Materials in Series 4: Academic files include academic administrative materials, course materials, student correspondence, and student work that document aspects of Levis's life in academia, his roles as a professor, and his approach to teaching. The bulk of materials in this series pertain to Levis's work with Virginia Commonwealth University and Warren Wilson College. Academic materials that do not indicate an institution have been labeled as unidentified. Administrative materials include department correspondence and policy documents, employment forms, and similar materials. Course materials encompass syllabi, photocopied readings, and other materials related to the preparation and delivery of instruction. Correspondence with students, attendance and grade sheets, and submitted student work may be protected under the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA). Access to these materials must be requested in advance to allow for review by the archivist.","Series 5: Business and personal files holds appointment books, personal effects, photographs, audiovisual materials, awards, and other materials of a personal or professional nature that are not primarily made up of correspondence or writings. These items provide insight into Levis's personal life and also document his memorial services. Personal materials, such as photographs, lacking contextual information have been labeled as unidentified.","The disks in Series 6: Born-digital materials hold content created by Levis or his associates on a variety of topics. It is likely that some portion of the born-digital materials currently housed on these 3.5 and 4.25 inch floppy disks is duplicated in the paper records, although the extent of this duplication is unknown at this time. Access to these materials must be requested in advance to allow for generation of access copies.","Series 7: Sheila Brady papers consists of materials donated by Brady, Levis's sister, in 2011. During the 2013 processing of the collection, these materials were interfiled into the materials previously purchased from Nicholas Levis. Notation made by the processor at the time enabled the separation of these files during the 2016 reprocessing effort into their own series. In terms of subject and content, materials in this series run the gamut of the collection as a whole. Materials include academic files from Virginia Commonwealth University and Warren Wilson College; correspondence with colleagues of Levis, publishers, academic institutions, family, and friends; personal effects; obituaries; various printed materials and reviews; drafts and manuscripts of Levis collected works; and writings by others. Access to materials that may be protected by FERPA must be requested in advance to allow for review by the archivist.","Series 8: Collected materials holds items which have a provenance distinct from the 2009 purchase from Nicholas Levis and the 2011 donation of Sheila Brady. Currently, this includes a set of posters. This series will also encompass any future accruals to the collection.","There are no restrictions.","VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Levis, Larry, 1946-1996","English\n."],"collection_title_tesim":["Larry Levis papers, 1974/2006"],"collection_ssim":["Larry Levis papers, 1974/2006"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["M 426","/repositories/5/resources/224"],"unitid_tesim":["M 426","/repositories/5/resources/224"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Levis, Larry, 1946-1996"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library"],"creators_ssim":["Levis, Larry, 1946-1996","VCU James Branch Cabell Library"],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no restrictions."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The bulk of the collection was purchased from Nicholas Levis in 2009. Additional materials were gifted by Sheila Brady in 2011."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Poets, American -- 20th century"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Poets, American -- 20th century"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["17.3 Linear Feet 38 doc cases, 2 print boxes, 1 map case folder"],"extent_tesim":["17.3 Linear Feet 38 doc cases, 2 print boxes, 1 map case folder"],"date_range_isim":[1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to research except for certain materials due to FERPA and/or the presence of personally identifiable information. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSpecial guidelines: Researchers must contact the archivist at least one week in advance for access to Series 4: Academic files, Series 6: Born digital materials, and Series 7: Sheila Brady materials.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to research except for certain materials due to FERPA and/or the presence of personally identifiable information.","Special guidelines: Researchers must contact the archivist at least one week in advance for access to Series 4: Academic files, Series 6: Born digital materials, and Series 7: Sheila Brady materials."],"appraisal_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn 2016, the collection was reappraised and reprocessed.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"appraisal_heading_ssm":["Appraisal"],"appraisal_tesim":["In 2016, the collection was reappraised and reprocessed."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is organized into eight series. Series 1: Correspondence, 1974-2006; Series 2: Writings, circa 1977-1999; Series 3: Printed materials, 1980-2005; Series 4: Academic files, 1980-1996; Series 5: Business and personal files, 1980-2000; Series 6: Born-digital materials, undated; Series 7: Sheila Brady materials, 1975-2005; Series 8: Collected materials, 1996.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is organized into eight series. Series 1: Correspondence, 1974-2006; Series 2: Writings, circa 1977-1999; Series 3: Printed materials, 1980-2005; Series 4: Academic files, 1980-1996; Series 5: Business and personal files, 1980-2000; Series 6: Born-digital materials, undated; Series 7: Sheila Brady materials, 1975-2005; Series 8: Collected materials, 1996."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLarry Patrick Levis was a poet and a professor of poetry. He was born on September 30, 1946 to parents\nWilliam Kent Levis and Carol Mayo Levis in Fresno, California, the youngest of four children. Levis\ngrew up on his family's ranch, a large farm of vineyards and orchards in Selma, California. During his childhood, he helped his father and the farm workers employed by the family\nwith the daily operations of the ranch.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLevis earned a bachelor's degree in English in 1968, from Fresno State College, later renamed California\nState University, Fresno, where he formed what would become a lifelong friendship with Philip Levine.\nTwo years later, he earned a master's degree in Creative Writing from Syracuse University. Following his\ngraduation, Levis became a lecturer at the University of California Los Angeles, where he taught from\n1970 to 1972. In 1972, the University of Pittsburgh Press published his first book of poems, \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eWrecking\nCrew\u003c/title\u003e, which won the United States Award from the International Poetry Forum. That same year he\njoined the Iowa Writers' Workshop at the University of Iowa where he taught and was a writing fellow\nfrom 1972 to 1974. From 1972 to 1973, Levis served as West Coast Editor of the literary magazine\n\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eCrazyhorse\u003c/title\u003e, and in 1973, he received his first National Endowment for the Arts Fellowship.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1974, Levis earned a doctorate in English from the University of Iowa and took a job as an assistant\nprofessor at the University of Missouri, Columbia, where he taught from 1974 to 1983. He was promoted to the rank of associate professor and was tenured in 1980, and he also served\nas co-editor and founding editor of the Missouri Review from 1978 to 1981. \nHis second book\nof poems, \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Afterlife\u003c/title\u003e, was published in 1977 by the Windhover Press of the University of Iowa and the\nUniversity of Iowa Press and was awarded the Lamont Poetry Selection of the American Academy of\nPoets. \nLevis returned to the Iowa Writers' Workshop at the University of Iowa as a visiting poet from 1980 to 1982, and again in 1991. His third book of poems, \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Dollmaker's Ghost\u003c/title\u003e, which was the winner of the Open Competition of the National Poetry Series, was published by E.P. Dutton in 1981. In 1983, Levis was awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship and traveled through Mexico and several countries in Europe.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLevis took a position as an associate professor at the University of Utah in 1984. That same year, he\nreceived his second National Endowment for the Arts Fellowship. The University\nof Pittsburg Press released his fourth book of poems, \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eWinter Stars\u003c/title\u003e, in 1985. Levis was promoted to the position\nof full professor in 1988, and he served as director of Utah's Program of Creative Writing from 1988\nto 1992. Levis also served as associate editor of the \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eWestern Humanities Review\u003c/title\u003e from 1987 to 1992.\nIn 1988, he received a Senior Fulbright Fellowship and traveled to Yugoslavia, and he was\nawarded a third National Endowment for the Arts Fellowship in 1989. In 1991, the University of Pittsburgh Press\npublished Levis's fifth book of poems, \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Widening Spell of the Leaves\u003c/title\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLevis moved to Richmond, Virginia, in 1992, having taken a job as a professor and senior poet at\nVirginia Commonwealth University. That same year, Peregrine Smith published \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eBlack Freckles\u003c/title\u003e, a book of\nLevis's short prose pieces. In 1993, Levis became director of the master's of fine arts program in Creative\nWriting at Virginia Commonwealth University. At this time, Levis was also a faculty member of the Warren Wilson College's master's of fine arts Creative Writing Program. He continued teaching and mentoring students in the low-residency program into 1996.\nOn May 9, 1996, Levis was found dead from cardiac arrest at the age of 49 in his home in the Church\nHill neighborhood of Richmond.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOver the course of his career, Levis's poems were published in a number of magazines and journals\nincluding \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eAmerican Poetry Review\u003c/title\u003e, \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe New Yorker\u003c/title\u003e, \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eField\u003c/title\u003e, \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eSouthern Review\u003c/title\u003e, and \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eAntioch Review\u003c/title\u003e,\namong others. In addition to the publications noted above, Levis also had several other limited edition\nchapbooks published including \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Rain's Witness\u003c/title\u003e in 1975, \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Leopard's Mouth Is Dry and Cold Inside\u003c/title\u003e\nwith Marcia Southwick in 1976, and \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eSensationalism\u003c/title\u003e in 1983, as well as a limited edition broadside, \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Two\nTrees\u003c/title\u003e, in 1994.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLevis has one child, Nicholas Levis, born in 1978, the son of Marcia Southwick, to whom Levis was\nmarried from 1975 to the early 1980s. He had also been married to Barbara Campbell from 1969 to 1973\nand Mary Jane Hale from 1989 to 1990.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Larry Patrick Levis was a poet and a professor of poetry. He was born on September 30, 1946 to parents\nWilliam Kent Levis and Carol Mayo Levis in Fresno, California, the youngest of four children. Levis\ngrew up on his family's ranch, a large farm of vineyards and orchards in Selma, California. During his childhood, he helped his father and the farm workers employed by the family\nwith the daily operations of the ranch.","Levis earned a bachelor's degree in English in 1968, from Fresno State College, later renamed California\nState University, Fresno, where he formed what would become a lifelong friendship with Philip Levine.\nTwo years later, he earned a master's degree in Creative Writing from Syracuse University. Following his\ngraduation, Levis became a lecturer at the University of California Los Angeles, where he taught from\n1970 to 1972. In 1972, the University of Pittsburgh Press published his first book of poems, Wrecking\nCrew, which won the United States Award from the International Poetry Forum. That same year he\njoined the Iowa Writers' Workshop at the University of Iowa where he taught and was a writing fellow\nfrom 1972 to 1974. From 1972 to 1973, Levis served as West Coast Editor of the literary magazine\nCrazyhorse, and in 1973, he received his first National Endowment for the Arts Fellowship.","In 1974, Levis earned a doctorate in English from the University of Iowa and took a job as an assistant\nprofessor at the University of Missouri, Columbia, where he taught from 1974 to 1983. He was promoted to the rank of associate professor and was tenured in 1980, and he also served\nas co-editor and founding editor of the Missouri Review from 1978 to 1981. \nHis second book\nof poems, The Afterlife, was published in 1977 by the Windhover Press of the University of Iowa and the\nUniversity of Iowa Press and was awarded the Lamont Poetry Selection of the American Academy of\nPoets. \nLevis returned to the Iowa Writers' Workshop at the University of Iowa as a visiting poet from 1980 to 1982, and again in 1991. His third book of poems, The Dollmaker's Ghost, which was the winner of the Open Competition of the National Poetry Series, was published by E.P. Dutton in 1981. In 1983, Levis was awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship and traveled through Mexico and several countries in Europe.","Levis took a position as an associate professor at the University of Utah in 1984. That same year, he\nreceived his second National Endowment for the Arts Fellowship. The University\nof Pittsburg Press released his fourth book of poems, Winter Stars, in 1985. Levis was promoted to the position\nof full professor in 1988, and he served as director of Utah's Program of Creative Writing from 1988\nto 1992. Levis also served as associate editor of the Western Humanities Review from 1987 to 1992.\nIn 1988, he received a Senior Fulbright Fellowship and traveled to Yugoslavia, and he was\nawarded a third National Endowment for the Arts Fellowship in 1989. In 1991, the University of Pittsburgh Press\npublished Levis's fifth book of poems, The Widening Spell of the Leaves.","Levis moved to Richmond, Virginia, in 1992, having taken a job as a professor and senior poet at\nVirginia Commonwealth University. That same year, Peregrine Smith published Black Freckles, a book of\nLevis's short prose pieces. In 1993, Levis became director of the master's of fine arts program in Creative\nWriting at Virginia Commonwealth University. At this time, Levis was also a faculty member of the Warren Wilson College's master's of fine arts Creative Writing Program. He continued teaching and mentoring students in the low-residency program into 1996.\nOn May 9, 1996, Levis was found dead from cardiac arrest at the age of 49 in his home in the Church\nHill neighborhood of Richmond.","Over the course of his career, Levis's poems were published in a number of magazines and journals\nincluding American Poetry Review, The New Yorker, Field, Southern Review, and Antioch Review,\namong others. In addition to the publications noted above, Levis also had several other limited edition\nchapbooks published including The Rain's Witness in 1975, The Leopard's Mouth Is Dry and Cold Inside\nwith Marcia Southwick in 1976, and Sensationalism in 1983, as well as a limited edition broadside, The Two\nTrees, in 1994.","Levis has one child, Nicholas Levis, born in 1978, the son of Marcia Southwick, to whom Levis was\nmarried from 1975 to the early 1980s. He had also been married to Barbara Campbell from 1969 to 1973\nand Mary Jane Hale from 1989 to 1990."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eExtant documentation of the state in which Levis's materials were initially found following his death\nindicates that Levis likely maintain only a very rudimentary organizational system. John Venable,\nthe graduate student tasked with the organization of Levis's office papers by Levis's sister, Sheila\nBrady, noted in a letter to Brady that \"Larry's method of filing drafts and revisions of poems is,\nsimply, unlike anything I've ever seen: drafts are not dated, some drafts switch from handwriting to\ntypescript and back again, further drafts are found in other, unmarked folders.\" Venable stated that\nhe consolidated groupings of Levis's academic files and his literary materials, the latter of which\nhe subdivided into three subgroups: drafts of poems and prose both from published collections and\nunpublished works, personal and professional correspondence, and \"indecipherable\" handwritten\npages. Following this organizational effort, it is likely that the salvaged materials were transferred to\nthe custody of the New Virginia Review.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFollowing their transfer, the exact date of which is unknown, the materials were stored, handled,\nadded to, and mailed among multiple parties, including several of Levis's friends, colleagues, and\nfamily members, who actively used the materials as they compiled, edited, and published several\nposthumous collections of Levis's work: \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eElegy\u003c/title\u003e (1997), \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Selected Levis\u003c/title\u003e (2000), \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Gazer Within\u003c/title\u003e\n(2001), and \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Darkening Trapeze\u003c/title\u003e (2016), as well as \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eCondition of the Spirit\u003c/title\u003e (2004), a compilation of\nLevis's essays and writings about Levis by others.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDetails of this collaborative process are described by David St. John in his afterword to \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe\nDarkening Trapeze\u003c/title\u003e. He notes that content was pulled from Levis's computers and his home office\nin addition to his university office, and that the endeavor to collect and organize Levis's drafts was\nled by Mary Flinn, Gregory Donovan, and Amy Tudor, the three of whom also collaboratively\ndetermined which were the most recent drafts of given poems among those found. Editing of the\nresulting posthumous volumes was variously completed by Philip Levine, David St. John, James\nMarshall, Andrew Miller, John Venable, Mary Flinn, and Christopher Buckley. All posthumous\npublications were created either at the request or with the permission of Levis estate administrator\nSheila Brady.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMaterials pertaining to the compilation of these works seems to have been added to the collection\nduring this time. It is clear, judging from David St. John's account as well as notations on folders,\nenvelopes, and sticky notes found during the reappraisal process, that the collection's intermediary\ncustodians sorted the materials in order to facilitate their use, though it is unknown how many\nseparate attempts at arrangement were made before the 2016 reappraisal and reprocessing.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Custodial History"],"custodhist_tesim":["Extant documentation of the state in which Levis's materials were initially found following his death\nindicates that Levis likely maintain only a very rudimentary organizational system. John Venable,\nthe graduate student tasked with the organization of Levis's office papers by Levis's sister, Sheila\nBrady, noted in a letter to Brady that \"Larry's method of filing drafts and revisions of poems is,\nsimply, unlike anything I've ever seen: drafts are not dated, some drafts switch from handwriting to\ntypescript and back again, further drafts are found in other, unmarked folders.\" Venable stated that\nhe consolidated groupings of Levis's academic files and his literary materials, the latter of which\nhe subdivided into three subgroups: drafts of poems and prose both from published collections and\nunpublished works, personal and professional correspondence, and \"indecipherable\" handwritten\npages. Following this organizational effort, it is likely that the salvaged materials were transferred to\nthe custody of the New Virginia Review.","Following their transfer, the exact date of which is unknown, the materials were stored, handled,\nadded to, and mailed among multiple parties, including several of Levis's friends, colleagues, and\nfamily members, who actively used the materials as they compiled, edited, and published several\nposthumous collections of Levis's work: Elegy (1997), The Selected Levis (2000), The Gazer Within\n(2001), and The Darkening Trapeze (2016), as well as Condition of the Spirit (2004), a compilation of\nLevis's essays and writings about Levis by others.","Details of this collaborative process are described by David St. John in his afterword to The\nDarkening Trapeze. He notes that content was pulled from Levis's computers and his home office\nin addition to his university office, and that the endeavor to collect and organize Levis's drafts was\nled by Mary Flinn, Gregory Donovan, and Amy Tudor, the three of whom also collaboratively\ndetermined which were the most recent drafts of given poems among those found. Editing of the\nresulting posthumous volumes was variously completed by Philip Levine, David St. John, James\nMarshall, Andrew Miller, John Venable, Mary Flinn, and Christopher Buckley. All posthumous\npublications were created either at the request or with the permission of Levis estate administrator\nSheila Brady.","Materials pertaining to the compilation of these works seems to have been added to the collection\nduring this time. It is clear, judging from David St. John's account as well as notations on folders,\nenvelopes, and sticky notes found during the reappraisal process, that the collection's intermediary\ncustodians sorted the materials in order to facilitate their use, though it is unknown how many\nseparate attempts at arrangement were made before the 2016 reappraisal and reprocessing."],"phystech_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBorn digital materials are housed on 3.5 and 4.25 inch floppy disks.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"phystech_heading_ssm":["Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements"],"phystech_tesim":["Born digital materials are housed on 3.5 and 4.25 inch floppy disks."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWhen the collection was originally processed by VCU Special Collections and Archives in 2013, staff\nfound virtually no evidence of original order, and so an order was imposed at that time. Writings by\nLevis were organized chronologically and correspondence was arranged alphabetically. Materials\ndocumenting Levis's academic career were organized by institution, and his personal effects and\nposthumous materials were arranged by material type.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring the 2013 processing of the collection, materials acquired through a separate donation by Sheila\nBrady in 2011 were interfiled into the materials purchased in 2009. As provenance information was\nretained by that processor at the folder level, it was possible during the 2016 reprocessing effort\nto separate and arrange the materials donated by Brady into a single series, Series 7: Sheila Brady\nmaterials. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMaterials which seems to have a provenance distinct from the 2009 purchase from Nicholas Levis and the 2011 donation of Sheila Brady have been grouped into Series 8: Collected materials during the 2016 reprocessing. This series will also encompass any future accruals to the collection, should they occur.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring the 2016 reappraisal and reprocessing, where order was discernable, whether it may be the result\nof Levis's design or that of the collection's custodians following his death, all efforts have been made to\npreserve it. This was done because any such order may hold clues to the creator's intent,\nwhether that order had been established by Levis himself or by those who knew him well and therefore may\nhave possessed unique insights into his creative process. Where order was found to be lacking, an\narrangement was imposed on the collection in order to facilitate intellectual control and access.\nThis imposition of order consisted of grouping materials either by record type or provenance, where\npossible.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEvidence of arrangement attempts made by Levis's colleagues and family after his death has been\nretained as much as possible through preservation photocopying of notes and the inclusion of relevant\ndescriptive information added by those other than Levis in folder titles placed within brackets. These retained notes include location information, description of content, and,\nfor some collected works, numerical or potentially sequential identification of drafts.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["When the collection was originally processed by VCU Special Collections and Archives in 2013, staff\nfound virtually no evidence of original order, and so an order was imposed at that time. Writings by\nLevis were organized chronologically and correspondence was arranged alphabetically. Materials\ndocumenting Levis's academic career were organized by institution, and his personal effects and\nposthumous materials were arranged by material type.","During the 2013 processing of the collection, materials acquired through a separate donation by Sheila\nBrady in 2011 were interfiled into the materials purchased in 2009. As provenance information was\nretained by that processor at the folder level, it was possible during the 2016 reprocessing effort\nto separate and arrange the materials donated by Brady into a single series, Series 7: Sheila Brady\nmaterials.","Materials which seems to have a provenance distinct from the 2009 purchase from Nicholas Levis and the 2011 donation of Sheila Brady have been grouped into Series 8: Collected materials during the 2016 reprocessing. This series will also encompass any future accruals to the collection, should they occur.","During the 2016 reappraisal and reprocessing, where order was discernable, whether it may be the result\nof Levis's design or that of the collection's custodians following his death, all efforts have been made to\npreserve it. This was done because any such order may hold clues to the creator's intent,\nwhether that order had been established by Levis himself or by those who knew him well and therefore may\nhave possessed unique insights into his creative process. Where order was found to be lacking, an\narrangement was imposed on the collection in order to facilitate intellectual control and access.\nThis imposition of order consisted of grouping materials either by record type or provenance, where\npossible.","Evidence of arrangement attempts made by Levis's colleagues and family after his death has been\nretained as much as possible through preservation photocopying of notes and the inclusion of relevant\ndescriptive information added by those other than Levis in folder titles placed within brackets. These retained notes include location information, description of content, and,\nfor some collected works, numerical or potentially sequential identification of drafts."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Larry Levis papers consist of materials created and accumulated by Levis, his colleagues, and members of his family. Materials date from 1974 to 2006 and document Levis's literary career and legacy, his career in academia, and aspects of his personal life. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe great majority of Series 1: Correspondence is made up of letters, cards, notes, and postcards received by Levis as well as a lesser number of letters written by Levis. Correspondents include friends, colleagues, family members, and editors. These letters provide insight into Levis's personal and professional relationships. The folder of unidentified correspondence holds materials lacking an identifiable correspondent as these letters, cards, and postcards are marked with only a first name, illegible signatures, or no name at all. Miscellaneous envelopes are those that do not correspond with a letter or card in the series. Also found in this series are sets of correspondence in which Levis was neither the sender nor the recipient. These include the correspondence of James Marshall, Mary Flinn, and a set of other correspondence that includes single instances of exchanges between unique pairs of individuals. Most folders in this series hold only a few pieces of correspondence, with the exception of correspondence with Philip Levine which is substantial, but consists largely of photocopies.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2: Writings, the largest series in this collection, is broken into three subseries: Subseries 2.1: Collected works, Subseries 2.2: Other works, and Subseries 2.3: Writings of others. These materials illuminate aspects of Levis's creative process, his professional and artistic relationships with peers, and the evolution of his literary career and legacy. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 2.1: Collected works makes up the bulk of this series and consists of drafts of Levis's writing, including drafts of individual poetry and prose pieces, manuscript drafts of collected works, journals, and unarranged or unidentified poem and prose drafts, many of which are handwritten. Some drafts include comments of Levis's colleagues, including Philip Levine. Content related to Levis's early works and limited edition publications is largely absent. Best represented are the works \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Dollmaker's Ghost\u003c/title\u003e, \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eWinter Stars\u003c/title\u003e, \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Widening Spell of the Leaves\u003c/title\u003e, \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eBlack Freckles\u003c/title\u003e, \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eElegy\u003c/title\u003e, and \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Gazer Within\u003c/title\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEvidence of posthumous arrangement activities is most prominent in this subseries, and all efforts have been made to preserve it as it may hold clues to the creator's intent. Preservation photocopies of sticky notes and notes written on envelopes are included in their corresponding folders. Descriptive information added by those other than Levis has been included in folder titles placed within brackets. The retained notations give location information, description of content, and, for some collected works, numerical or potentially sequential identification of drafts.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrafts of poems and prose not identified and grouped with a specific collected volume have been placed in Subseries 2.2: Other works. Though the majority of these folders lacked distinct titles indicating why certain materials were placed in a folder together at the time of processing, there may be unknown meaning to their arrangement. Therefore, these items have been kept in their original folder groupings. Drafts marked at \"unidentified\" could not be identified in terms of genre. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMaterials in Subseries 2.3: Writings of others include drafts or otherwise unpublished versions of poetry and prose pieces by other individuals. Some pieces are about Levis, while others were, presumably, acquired by Levis or his associates at some point.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn this series, many copies of poem drafts, including a number of the drafts for the collected work \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eElegy\u003c/title\u003e as well as unidentified drafts are photocopies. Dates given on folders holding these materials reflect the dates of the original content, when provided.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 3: Printed materials contains published poems, articles, and interviews by Levis and others as well as advertisements, flyers, and other printed ephemera. Items in this series provide examples of Levis's public presence, analysis and interpretation of his work in the press, and works by others that Levis or his associates acquired and retained. Published works by Levis are identified first by genre, then by title, whereas works by others are identified by the name of the author, then by title. Materials grouped by type include advertisements mentioning Levis, articles and press releases about Levis, articles about Philip Levine, postcards, and reviews. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMaterials in Series 4: Academic files include academic administrative materials, course materials, student correspondence, and student work that document aspects of Levis's life in academia, his roles as a professor, and his approach to teaching. The bulk of materials in this series pertain to Levis's work with Virginia Commonwealth University and Warren Wilson College. Academic materials that do not indicate an institution have been labeled as unidentified. Administrative materials include department correspondence and policy documents, employment forms, and similar materials. Course materials encompass syllabi, photocopied readings, and other materials related to the preparation and delivery of instruction. Correspondence with students, attendance and grade sheets, and submitted student work may be protected under the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA). Access to these materials must be requested in advance to allow for review by the archivist.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 5: Business and personal files holds appointment books, personal effects, photographs, audiovisual materials, awards, and other materials of a personal or professional nature that are not primarily made up of correspondence or writings. These items provide insight into Levis's personal life and also document his memorial services. Personal materials, such as photographs, lacking contextual information have been labeled as unidentified.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe disks in Series 6: Born-digital materials hold content created by Levis or his associates on a variety of topics. It is likely that some portion of the born-digital materials currently housed on these 3.5 and 4.25 inch floppy disks is duplicated in the paper records, although the extent of this duplication is unknown at this time. Access to these materials must be requested in advance to allow for generation of access copies.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 7: Sheila Brady papers consists of materials donated by Brady, Levis's sister, in 2011. During the 2013 processing of the collection, these materials were interfiled into the materials previously purchased from Nicholas Levis. Notation made by the processor at the time enabled the separation of these files during the 2016 reprocessing effort into their own series. In terms of subject and content, materials in this series run the gamut of the collection as a whole. Materials include academic files from Virginia Commonwealth University and Warren Wilson College; correspondence with colleagues of Levis, publishers, academic institutions, family, and friends; personal effects; obituaries; various printed materials and reviews; drafts and manuscripts of Levis collected works; and writings by others. Access to materials that may be protected by FERPA must be requested in advance to allow for review by the archivist.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 8: Collected materials holds items which have a provenance distinct from the 2009 purchase from Nicholas Levis and the 2011 donation of Sheila Brady. Currently, this includes a set of posters. This series will also encompass any future accruals to the collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Larry Levis papers consist of materials created and accumulated by Levis, his colleagues, and members of his family. Materials date from 1974 to 2006 and document Levis's literary career and legacy, his career in academia, and aspects of his personal life.","The great majority of Series 1: Correspondence is made up of letters, cards, notes, and postcards received by Levis as well as a lesser number of letters written by Levis. Correspondents include friends, colleagues, family members, and editors. These letters provide insight into Levis's personal and professional relationships. The folder of unidentified correspondence holds materials lacking an identifiable correspondent as these letters, cards, and postcards are marked with only a first name, illegible signatures, or no name at all. Miscellaneous envelopes are those that do not correspond with a letter or card in the series. Also found in this series are sets of correspondence in which Levis was neither the sender nor the recipient. These include the correspondence of James Marshall, Mary Flinn, and a set of other correspondence that includes single instances of exchanges between unique pairs of individuals. Most folders in this series hold only a few pieces of correspondence, with the exception of correspondence with Philip Levine which is substantial, but consists largely of photocopies.","Series 2: Writings, the largest series in this collection, is broken into three subseries: Subseries 2.1: Collected works, Subseries 2.2: Other works, and Subseries 2.3: Writings of others. These materials illuminate aspects of Levis's creative process, his professional and artistic relationships with peers, and the evolution of his literary career and legacy.","Subseries 2.1: Collected works makes up the bulk of this series and consists of drafts of Levis's writing, including drafts of individual poetry and prose pieces, manuscript drafts of collected works, journals, and unarranged or unidentified poem and prose drafts, many of which are handwritten. Some drafts include comments of Levis's colleagues, including Philip Levine. Content related to Levis's early works and limited edition publications is largely absent. Best represented are the works The Dollmaker's Ghost, Winter Stars, The Widening Spell of the Leaves, Black Freckles, Elegy, and The Gazer Within.","Evidence of posthumous arrangement activities is most prominent in this subseries, and all efforts have been made to preserve it as it may hold clues to the creator's intent. Preservation photocopies of sticky notes and notes written on envelopes are included in their corresponding folders. Descriptive information added by those other than Levis has been included in folder titles placed within brackets. The retained notations give location information, description of content, and, for some collected works, numerical or potentially sequential identification of drafts.","Drafts of poems and prose not identified and grouped with a specific collected volume have been placed in Subseries 2.2: Other works. Though the majority of these folders lacked distinct titles indicating why certain materials were placed in a folder together at the time of processing, there may be unknown meaning to their arrangement. Therefore, these items have been kept in their original folder groupings. Drafts marked at \"unidentified\" could not be identified in terms of genre.","Materials in Subseries 2.3: Writings of others include drafts or otherwise unpublished versions of poetry and prose pieces by other individuals. Some pieces are about Levis, while others were, presumably, acquired by Levis or his associates at some point.","In this series, many copies of poem drafts, including a number of the drafts for the collected work Elegy as well as unidentified drafts are photocopies. Dates given on folders holding these materials reflect the dates of the original content, when provided.","Series 3: Printed materials contains published poems, articles, and interviews by Levis and others as well as advertisements, flyers, and other printed ephemera. Items in this series provide examples of Levis's public presence, analysis and interpretation of his work in the press, and works by others that Levis or his associates acquired and retained. Published works by Levis are identified first by genre, then by title, whereas works by others are identified by the name of the author, then by title. Materials grouped by type include advertisements mentioning Levis, articles and press releases about Levis, articles about Philip Levine, postcards, and reviews.","Materials in Series 4: Academic files include academic administrative materials, course materials, student correspondence, and student work that document aspects of Levis's life in academia, his roles as a professor, and his approach to teaching. The bulk of materials in this series pertain to Levis's work with Virginia Commonwealth University and Warren Wilson College. Academic materials that do not indicate an institution have been labeled as unidentified. Administrative materials include department correspondence and policy documents, employment forms, and similar materials. Course materials encompass syllabi, photocopied readings, and other materials related to the preparation and delivery of instruction. Correspondence with students, attendance and grade sheets, and submitted student work may be protected under the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA). Access to these materials must be requested in advance to allow for review by the archivist.","Series 5: Business and personal files holds appointment books, personal effects, photographs, audiovisual materials, awards, and other materials of a personal or professional nature that are not primarily made up of correspondence or writings. These items provide insight into Levis's personal life and also document his memorial services. Personal materials, such as photographs, lacking contextual information have been labeled as unidentified.","The disks in Series 6: Born-digital materials hold content created by Levis or his associates on a variety of topics. It is likely that some portion of the born-digital materials currently housed on these 3.5 and 4.25 inch floppy disks is duplicated in the paper records, although the extent of this duplication is unknown at this time. Access to these materials must be requested in advance to allow for generation of access copies.","Series 7: Sheila Brady papers consists of materials donated by Brady, Levis's sister, in 2011. During the 2013 processing of the collection, these materials were interfiled into the materials previously purchased from Nicholas Levis. Notation made by the processor at the time enabled the separation of these files during the 2016 reprocessing effort into their own series. In terms of subject and content, materials in this series run the gamut of the collection as a whole. Materials include academic files from Virginia Commonwealth University and Warren Wilson College; correspondence with colleagues of Levis, publishers, academic institutions, family, and friends; personal effects; obituaries; various printed materials and reviews; drafts and manuscripts of Levis collected works; and writings by others. Access to materials that may be protected by FERPA must be requested in advance to allow for review by the archivist.","Series 8: Collected materials holds items which have a provenance distinct from the 2009 purchase from Nicholas Levis and the 2011 donation of Sheila Brady. Currently, this includes a set of posters. This series will also encompass any future accruals to the collection."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"corpname_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library"],"persname_ssim":["Levis, Larry, 1946-1996"],"names_coll_ssim":["Levis, Larry, 1946-1996"],"names_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Levis, Larry, 1946-1996"],"language_ssim":["English\n."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":558,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:40:08.594Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_224_c01_c179"}},{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_1130_c01_c01_c13","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Writer's Festival, 1979/2004","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_1130_c01_c01_c13#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_1130_c01_c01_c13","ref_ssm":["viw_repositories_2_resources_1130_c01_c01_c13"],"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_1130_c01_c01_c13","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_1130","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_1130","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_1130_c01_c01","parent_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_1130_c01_c01","parent_ssim":["Department of English records, 1922/2013","Publications, 1922/2010","Box 1"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viw_repositories_2_resources_1130","viw_repositories_2_resources_1130_c01","viw_repositories_2_resources_1130_c01_c01"],"title_filing_ssi":"Writer's Festival","title_ssm":["Writer's Festival"],"title_tesim":["Writer's Festival"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Writer's Festival, 1979/2004"],"text":["Writer's Festival, 1979/2004","Department of English records, 1922/2013","Publications, 1922/2010","Box 1","Box 1","folder 13"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Department of English records, 1922/2013","Publications, 1922/2010","Box 1"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Department of English records, 1922/2013","Publications, 1922/2010","Box 1"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1979/2004"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1979-2004"],"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"component_level_isim":[3],"sort_isi":15,"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"collection_ssim":["Department of English records, 1922/2013"],"containers_ssim":["Box 1","folder 13"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"date_range_isim":[1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#0/components#12","timestamp":"2026-08-14T23:00:25.099Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_1130","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_1130","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_1130","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_1130","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_1130.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Department of English records","title_ssm":["Department of English records"],"title_tesim":["Department of English records"],"unitdate_ssm":["1922-2013"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1922-2013"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1922/2013"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Department of English records, 1922/2013"],"text":["Department of English records, 1922/2013","UA 205","/repositories/2/resources/1130","College of William and Mary--History--20th century","Screenwriting","Audiocassettes","Fliers (printed matter)","Video recordings","Newsletters","The collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","This collection is not yet fully arranged and described. Researchers may wish to consult with a staff member for further information in advance of using the collection.","This collection was previously part of the University Archives Publications Collection. The curriculum material was previously part of the University Archives Subject File Collection.","Box and folder list compiled by Vicky O'Brien, SCRC Staff, in April 2009. Acc. 2013.005 accessioned and minimally processed by Steven Bookman, University Archives Specialist, in January 2013. Acc. 2013.205 accessioned and minimally processed by Steven Bookman, University Archives Specialist, in August 2013.","Offices of the Presidents, Office of the Provost, Dean of Arts \u0026 Sciences, and related units.","Artifacts received with the Writing Resources Center Records (Acc. 2013.005) and transferred upon accessioning to the University Archives Artifact Collection (UA 13) include: \"Tectonic Tex\" T-shirt (UA 2013.005.01), 4jit/Forgit Films, LLC Baseball Cap (UA 2013.005.02), Quicksilver Scentific \"Got Mercury?\" T-shirt (UA 2013.005.03), International Mercury Expo T-shirt (UA 2013.005.04), 40th Anniversary Earth Day SEAC Button Pin (UA 2013.005.05).","This collection includes administrative records, publications, and other material from the Department of English at the College of William and Mary.","Artifacts received with the Writing Resources Center Records (Acc. 2013.005) and transferred upon accessioning to the University Archives Artifact Collection (UA 13) include: \"Tectonic Tex\" T-shirt (UA 2013.005.01), 4jit/Forgit Films, LLC Baseball Cap (UA 2013.005.02), Quicksilver Scentific \"Got Mercury?\" T-shirt (UA 2013.005.03), International Mercury Expo T-shirt (UA 2013.005.04), 40th Anniversary Earth Day SEAC Button Pin (UA 2013.005.05).","Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.","Special Collections Research Center","Deptartment of English","College of William and Mary. Dept. of English","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Department of English records, 1922/2013"],"collection_ssim":["Department of English records, 1922/2013"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["UA 205","/repositories/2/resources/1130"],"unitid_tesim":["UA 205","/repositories/2/resources/1130"],"repository_ssm":["College of William and Mary"],"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"creator_ssm":["Deptartment of English"],"creator_ssim":["Deptartment of English"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","Deptartment of English","College of William and Mary. Dept. of English"],"creators_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","Deptartment of English","College of William and Mary. Dept. of English"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Acquisition information for material received after 7/13/2009 is available by consulting a Special Collections Research Center staff member."],"access_subjects_ssim":["College of William and Mary--History--20th century","Screenwriting","Audiocassettes","Fliers (printed matter)","Video recordings","Newsletters"],"access_subjects_ssm":["College of William and Mary--History--20th century","Screenwriting","Audiocassettes","Fliers (printed matter)","Video recordings","Newsletters"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["6.00 Linear Feet 7 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["6.00 Linear Feet 7 boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["Audiocassettes","Fliers (printed matter)","Video recordings","Newsletters"],"date_range_isim":[1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access:"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is not yet fully arranged and described. Researchers may wish to consult with a staff member for further information in advance of using the collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement of Materials:"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is not yet fully arranged and described. Researchers may wish to consult with a staff member for further information in advance of using the collection."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection was previously part of the University Archives Publications Collection. The curriculum material was previously part of the University Archives Subject File Collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Custodial History:"],"custodhist_tesim":["This collection was previously part of the University Archives Publications Collection. The curriculum material was previously part of the University Archives Subject File Collection."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDepartment of English records, Special Collections Research Center, William \u0026amp; Mary Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Department of English records, Special Collections Research Center, William \u0026 Mary Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBox and folder list compiled by Vicky O'Brien, SCRC Staff, in April 2009. Acc. 2013.005 accessioned and minimally processed by Steven Bookman, University Archives Specialist, in January 2013. Acc. 2013.205 accessioned and minimally processed by Steven Bookman, University Archives Specialist, in August 2013.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information:"],"processinfo_tesim":["Box and folder list compiled by Vicky O'Brien, SCRC Staff, in April 2009. Acc. 2013.005 accessioned and minimally processed by Steven Bookman, University Archives Specialist, in January 2013. Acc. 2013.205 accessioned and minimally processed by Steven Bookman, University Archives Specialist, in August 2013."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOffices of the Presidents, Office of the Provost, Dean of Arts \u0026amp; Sciences, and related units.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Artifacts received with the Writing Resources Center Records (Acc. 2013.005) and transferred upon accessioning to the University Archives Artifact Collection (UA 13) include: \"Tectonic Tex\" T-shirt (UA 2013.005.01), 4jit/Forgit Films, LLC Baseball Cap (UA 2013.005.02), Quicksilver Scentific \"Got Mercury?\" T-shirt (UA 2013.005.03), International Mercury Expo T-shirt (UA 2013.005.04), 40th Anniversary Earth Day SEAC Button Pin (UA 2013.005.05).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials:"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Offices of the Presidents, Office of the Provost, Dean of Arts \u0026 Sciences, and related units.","Artifacts received with the Writing Resources Center Records (Acc. 2013.005) and transferred upon accessioning to the University Archives Artifact Collection (UA 13) include: \"Tectonic Tex\" T-shirt (UA 2013.005.01), 4jit/Forgit Films, LLC Baseball Cap (UA 2013.005.02), Quicksilver Scentific \"Got Mercury?\" T-shirt (UA 2013.005.03), International Mercury Expo T-shirt (UA 2013.005.04), 40th Anniversary Earth Day SEAC Button Pin (UA 2013.005.05)."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection includes administrative records, publications, and other material from the Department of English at the College of William and Mary.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection includes administrative records, publications, and other material from the Department of English at the College of William and Mary."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eArtifacts received with the Writing Resources Center Records (Acc. 2013.005) and transferred upon accessioning to the University Archives Artifact Collection (UA 13) include: \"Tectonic Tex\" T-shirt (UA 2013.005.01), 4jit/Forgit Films, LLC Baseball Cap (UA 2013.005.02), Quicksilver Scentific \"Got Mercury?\" T-shirt (UA 2013.005.03), International Mercury Expo T-shirt (UA 2013.005.04), 40th Anniversary Earth Day SEAC Button Pin (UA 2013.005.05).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials:"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["Artifacts received with the Writing Resources Center Records (Acc. 2013.005) and transferred upon accessioning to the University Archives Artifact Collection (UA 13) include: \"Tectonic Tex\" T-shirt (UA 2013.005.01), 4jit/Forgit Films, LLC Baseball Cap (UA 2013.005.02), Quicksilver Scentific \"Got Mercury?\" T-shirt (UA 2013.005.03), International Mercury Expo T-shirt (UA 2013.005.04), 40th Anniversary Earth Day SEAC Button Pin (UA 2013.005.05)."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use:"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","Deptartment of English","College of William and Mary. Dept. of English"],"names_coll_ssim":["College of William and Mary. Dept. of English"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","Deptartment of English","College of William and Mary. Dept. of English"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":41,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T23:00:25.099Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_1130_c01_c01_c13"}},{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_416_c01_c02_c100","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Writer's Unit, 1984/1992","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_416_c01_c02_c100#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_416_c01_c02_c100","ref_ssm":["vifgm_repositories_2_resources_416_c01_c02_c100"],"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_416_c01_c02_c100","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_416","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_416","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_416_c01_c02","parent_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_416_c01_c02","parent_ssim":["Arena Stage records, 1949/2010","Series 1: Administrative records, 1949/2007","Subseries 1.2: Programs, policies, and procedures, 1950/1997"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vifgm_repositories_2_resources_416","vifgm_repositories_2_resources_416_c01","vifgm_repositories_2_resources_416_c01_c02"],"title_filing_ssi":"Writer's Unit","title_ssm":["Writer's Unit"],"title_tesim":["Writer's Unit"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Writer's Unit, 1984/1992"],"text":["Writer's Unit, 1984/1992","Arena Stage records, 1949/2010","Series 1: Administrative records, 1949/2007","Subseries 1.2: Programs, policies, and procedures, 1950/1997","box 22","folder 9"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Arena Stage records, 1949/2010","Series 1: Administrative records, 1949/2007","Subseries 1.2: Programs, policies, and procedures, 1950/1997"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Arena Stage records, 1949/2010","Series 1: Administrative records, 1949/2007","Subseries 1.2: Programs, policies, and procedures, 1950/1997"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1984/1992"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1984-1992"],"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"component_level_isim":[3],"sort_isi":377,"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"collection_ssim":["Arena Stage records, 1949/2010"],"containers_ssim":["box 22","folder 9"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["There are no access restrictions."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"date_range_isim":[1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents note"],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#1/components#99","timestamp":"2026-09-04T00:01:18.787Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_416","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_416","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_416","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_416","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_416.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Arena Stage records","title_ssm":["Arena Stage records"],"title_tesim":["Arena Stage records"],"unitdate_ssm":["1949 - 2010"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1949 - 2010"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1949/2010"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Arena Stage records, 1949/2010"],"text":["Arena Stage records, 1949/2010","C0017","/repositories/2/resources/416","Theater -- Washington (D.C.)","Theater","Theater -- United States","Theater programs","Theater -- Production and direction","Performing arts","Video recordings","Sound recordings","Photographic prints","There are no access restrictions.","to this collection are expected.","The collection is arranged into five series, each of which is further divided into subseries:","Series\n      Series 1: Administrative records, 1949-2007 (Boxes 1-196)\n      Series 2: Production files, 1950-2010 (Boxes 197-588, 654-663)\n      Series 3: Photographs, 1950-1991 (Boxes 589-639)\n      Series 4: Oversize materials, 1949-late 2000s (Boxes 640-720)\n      Series 5: Audiovisual materials, 1970-2007 (Boxes 721-739)","Maslon, Lawrence, editor. \"The Arena Adventure: The First 40 Years.\" Washington, DC: Arena Stage, 1990.","From its opening on August 16, 1950, the Arena Stage has dedicated itself to being a space of imagination and innovation, a tool of \"civilization,\" and Washington, D.C.'s preeminent regional theater. Founded by Zelda Fichandler, with assistance from her husband Thomas C. Fichandler and partner Edward Mangum, the Arena Stage began as a for-profit theater under Arena Enterprises, Inc. The original Hippodrome Theatre, located on Ninth and New York N.W. in D.C., was revolutionary amongst regional theatres for its theatre-in-the-round construction and would provide the blueprint for all future Arena locations.","Arena began its long and successful life with Oliver Goldsmith's She Stoops to Conquer. Arena owed its early successes in the 1950s to its fluid play schedule organization and its willingness to put on works that were not commercial successes on Broadway. In November of 1956, after a year's hiatus, the company relocated to a temporary home at the Old Heurich Brewery, dubbed the Old Vat by company members. The move was facilitated in part by the commitment and drive of Board members J. Burke Knapp, Albert M. Berkowitz, Israel Convisser, Leslie Amouri, and Henry J. Danilowicz. However, financial issues would continue to trouble Arena Enterprises, Inc., eventually leading to its dissolution in 1959, and the creation of Arena's new, non-profit parent organization, the Washington Drama Society.","During the 1960s, Arena garnered international renown in its new space: the Arena Stage Theatre. The new building, located at Sixth Street and Maine Avenue SW, was the first playhouse built in Washington since 1895. Chicago architect Harry Weese designed the space to be as innovative as possible while still maintaining the theater-in-the-round layout. Now a non-profit theater, Arena drew much of its funding during this time from the National Endowment for the Arts (NEA) and generous donations from both the Ford Foundation and the Rockefeller Foundations.","The Arena Stage began some of its most ambitious work during the 1960s including forming the Living Stage Theatre Company, further integrating its cast, and staging its most ambitious and acclaimed work to date: The Great White Hope. The Great White Hope included twenty five additional guest actors, including James Earl Jones, and was an enormous success, both critically and financially, for Arena. It was the first major resident theater production to be exported to Broadway. Fichandler also began to experiment with casting African American actors in traditionally white roles during the 1968 season after she published the paper \"Towards a Deepening Aesthetic.\" Fichandler experimented with non-traditional casting in plays like King Lear and The Threepenny Opera, but unfortunately these plays were met with critical confusion and disappointing ticket sales. Arena Stage was incredibly successful in the 1970s, garnering awards and critical approval, and international recognition. Not content with the current Arena Stage configuration, Fichandler and others worked diligently to acquire another stage facility that would collaborate, not compete, with the current Stage. Generosity on the part of David Lloyd Kreeger, and others, led to the construction of the new Kreeger Theater which opened on January 15, 1971.","In 1973 Arena would have the opportunity to take two of its plays, Our Town and Inherit the Wind to the U.S.S.R. This was the first ever trip to the Soviet Union undertaken by a resident theater group. The trip was a wild success with Russian audiences giving the cast a standing ovation following their performance of Inherit the Wind at the Moscow Art Theatre. In April 1976 the American Theatre Critics Association bestowed upon the Arena Stage a special Tony Award for resident theaters. The ATCA cited Arena's qualities as a \"trailblazer\" in theatrical arts and representative of other theaters that had followed its lead.","The early 1980s were a difficult time for theater, but, in spite of this, Arena continued to push the limits of conventional residential theater. The 1982 production of K2, for example, saw the construction of a sheer glacial face on the Kreeger stage according to the vision of set designer Ming Cho Lee. In 1986 twenty-three actors and a thirteen member production staff traveled to Jerusalem to perform Zelda's production of The Crucible at the Israel Festival.","1989 marked the end of an era as Zelda Fichandler announced that she would step down as Arena's producing director at the end of the 1990-1991 fortieth anniversary season. Douglas C. Wager would succeed her as artistic director. Amid financial difficulties and changing times for theaters everywhere, Arena's resident company of actors was disbanded by the late 1990s. Wager remained at the helm until 1998, when Molly Smith took over the position. Under Smith's leadership, Bing Thom architects completed another major renovation of Arena's existing buildings into the Mead Center for American Theater in 2010. Smith served as Arena's artistic director until 2023, when she retired and was succeeded by current Aristic Director, Hana Sharif.","Many now-famous actors took part in Arena Stage productions during the early part of their careers. Some of them include Robert Prosky, Morgan Freeman, Dianne Wiest, James Earl Jones, Kevin Kline, Christopher Guest, Yeardley Smith, Samuel L. Jackson, Ned Beatty, Jane Alexander, and Ron Perlman. Many other set designers, artists, costume designers, and technical workers owe their early success and experience to the Arena Stage.","The Special Collections Research Center does not have the equipment necessary to film and audio reels, Betacam, or U-matic tapes contained in Series 5.2 and 5.3. Additional time and money may be required to digitize this material for access.","Processed by Harvard Theatre Collection and George Mason University Special Collections Research Center staff. Reprocessed by Greta Suiter, Kerry Mitchell, Elizabeth Beckman, Diane Stancil, and Nick Welsh. EAD markup completed by Elizabeth Beckman in 2016. Finding aid updated by Amanda Menjivar in 2025.","The Special Collections Research Center holds the personal papers of several individuals involved with Arena Stage, including the Zelda Fichandler papers, the Thomas C. Fichandler papers, the Ken Kitch papers, as well as the Living Stage records.","The Arena Stage records consist of material that spans the theater's history from 1949 to 2010, including production notebooks, photographs, audiotapes, videotapes, playbills, scrapbooks, scripts, correspondence, and other production materials, as well as administrative records pertaining to the theater's finances, publicity, buildings, and programs.","Series 1: Administrative records (1949-2007) documents the creation, operation, and maintenance of Arena Stage and its various programs. It is further divided into 6 subseries. Subseries 1.1: Correspondence includes correspondence arranged alphabetically by the correspondent's last name or by organizational name. Some correspondence is further aggregated and then organized alphabetically, such as \"Play Correspondence\" or \"Audience Response.\" Of particular note are letters from President Bill Clinton, Supreme Court Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg, and King Kong star Fay Wray. Subseries 1.2: Programs, policies, and procedures, includes records of Arena's programs, such as the \"Arena Angels\" volunteer program and fellowship programs, policies, such as bylaws, diversity policies, and handbooks, and planning, including season planning and long-range plans. This subseries is broken up into four sub-subseries. Sub-subseries 1.3.1: Financial papers documents Arena's finances and includes stockholder documents from its beginnings as a for-profit theater, grant-related documentation after the theater transitioned to a non-profit in the late 1950s, and records of the theater's development office, some of which were kept by department director Elspeth Udvarhelyi. Sub-subseries 1.3.2: Personnel records includes information on staff at Arena Stage arranged alphabetically. Of particular interest are headshots and/or resumes of a number of well-known actors, including James Earl Jones, Morgan Freeman, Henry Winkler, Edward Hermann, Yeardley Smith, Jane Alexander, Swoosie Kurtz, Victor Garber, Ron Perlman, Annette Benning, Olympia Dukakis, John Lithgow, John Voigt, Sigourney Weaver, and Rosemary Harris. Sub-subseries 1.3.3: Casting information contains notes on casting for productions arranged alphabetically by play. Sub-subseries 1.3.4: Production contracts includes official agreements between Arena and others arranged alphabetically by play. Subseries 1.4: Meeting minutes contains meeting minutes from Arena's Board of Trustees, staff, and other subgroups within the organization. Subseries 1.5: Communications and events, is also divided into four sub-subseries. Sub-subseries 1.5.1: Events documents special events held by Arena Stage, including anniversaries, galas, benefits, openings and press events. Sub-subseries 1.5.2: Communications and Marketing includes records produced by the Communications and Marketing departments, including meeting minutes, planning, research, and correspondence. Sub-subseries 1.5.3: Printed Material includes subscriber materials, mailings, brochures, reviews collected and arranged by play title, and programs organized chronologically. Sub-subseries 1.5.4: Theater Communications Group contains correspondence, reports, and other information generated from Arena's association with the Theater Communications Group, an organization of theaters around the United States. Subseries 1.6: Buildings and facilities includes information about and architectural plans for Arena's various buildings over the years, including the Hippodrome, the Old Vat, the 1960 permanent building, and the Kreeger Theater addition.","Series 2: Production Files (1950-2010) is comprised of records related to the artistic development and performance of Arena's plays. It is divided into 6 subseries. Subseries 2.1: Dramaturgical files documents literary, historical and background research done by Arena's literary department for various plays, including articles, research packets, actor's packets, and scripts. It is generally organized alphabetically by play. Subseries 2.2: Playwright subject files contains research on various playwrights, both living and dead, whose work has been performed at Arena. It is organized alphabetically by playwright's last name. Subseries 2.3: Production files includes scripts, blocking information, correspondence, and other material related to the production of Arena's plays. It is arranged alphabetically by play title. Subseries 2.4: Stage manager's reports includes daily reports by the stage manager of productions for the entire runs of many of Arena's plays from the late 1960s to the mid-1990s. The reports include running times, incident reports, and other commentary on the audience and the performance. Subseries 2.5: Wrap files contains documents collected from throughout the runs of various productions, including reviews that reflect the wider response to the play. Subseries 2.6: Producing director's files contains documents from Arena's second Producing director after Zelda Fichandler, Doug Wager, who served from 1991-1998. It includes pre-production speeches given by Wager, as well as planning files.","Series 3: Photographs (1950-1991)is divided into 3 subseries. Subseries 3.1: Production photographs includes photos of scenes from Arena's productions arranged alphabetically by play. Subseries 3.2: Production books includes production photos collected in books, many of which are by professional photographer George de Vincent. Subseries 3.3: Buildings, staff, and events includes photographs of Arena's buildings, staff and cast portraits, and event photographs, such as prints from Arena's 30th anniversary celebration and from Arena's Soviet Union and Israel tours. Subseries 3.4: Negatives and slides includes slides and negatives of Arena's staff and events, as well as some buildings, sets, and production-related images.","Series 4: Oversize (1949-late 2000s) is divided into 3 subseries and contains a variety of oversize material. Subseries 4.1: Braille programs contains programs in Braille for various Arena productions from the 1990s and early 2000s. Subseries 4.2: Miscellaneous artwork and programs includes posters from Arena productions and events, enlarged photos, costume sketches, and other oversized material, such as a large model of the Mead Center for American Theater. Subseries 4.3: Scrapbooks contains scrapbooks created for each of Arena's seasons up until 1988. It also includes scrapbooks for Arena's tour of the Soviet Union and of visitors to Arena.","Series 5: Audiovisual (1970-2007) contains several types of formats and is divided into 3 subseries. Series 5.1: Performances on VHS contains VHS tapes (a few of which have associated DVDs) of performances at Arena arranged alphabetically by play title. Series 5.2: Reel-to-reel contains production and event footage on reel-to-reel film. Series 5.3: Other audiovisual formats and VHS tapes contains footage of events and productions on audiocassette, Betacam, and U-matic tapes.","The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)","The Arena Stage records consist of material that spans the theater's history from its beginnings in 1950 to the present, including production notebooks, photographs, audiotapes, videotapes, playbills, scrapbooks, scripts, handwritten correspondence, and other production materials, as well as administrative records.","R 5, C 1, S 2 - R 9, C 4, S 7 \n\n\nR29, C1, S2\n\nOS R 3, C 2, S 1 - C 3, S 7\nOS R 4, C 5, S 5 \nOS R 5, C 2, S 3\nOS R 5, C 5, S 4\nOS R 6, C 4, S 6 - S 7\nOS R 7, C 1, S 2\nMap Case 9.1, 11.5","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Arena Stage (Organization : Washington, D.C.)","Fichandler, Thomas C.","Fichandler, Zelda, 1924-2016","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Arena Stage records, 1949/2010"],"collection_ssim":["Arena Stage records, 1949/2010"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0017","/repositories/2/resources/416"],"unitid_tesim":["C0017","/repositories/2/resources/416"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"creator_ssm":["Arena Stage (Organization : Washington, D.C.)"],"creator_ssim":["Arena Stage (Organization : Washington, D.C.)"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Fichandler, Thomas C.","Fichandler, Zelda, 1924-2016"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Arena Stage (Organization : Washington, D.C.)"],"creators_ssim":["Fichandler, Thomas C.","Fichandler, Zelda, 1924-2016","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Arena Stage (Organization : Washington, D.C.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donated by Arena Stage in 2000-2024.","This collection has additional unprocessed accessions 2023.040-C and 2024.088-C, and therefore this finding aid may not be fully up to date. Please contact SCRC for more information."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Theater -- Washington (D.C.)","Theater","Theater -- United States","Theater programs","Theater -- Production and direction","Performing arts","Video recordings","Sound recordings","Photographic prints"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Theater -- Washington (D.C.)","Theater","Theater -- United States","Theater programs","Theater -- Production and direction","Performing arts","Video recordings","Sound recordings","Photographic prints"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["369.5 Linear Feet 739 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["369.5 Linear Feet 739 boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["Video recordings","Sound recordings","Photographic prints"],"date_range_isim":[1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions."],"accruals_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eto this collection are expected.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accruals_heading_ssm":["Accruals"],"accruals_tesim":["to this collection are expected."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged into five series, each of which is further divided into subseries:\u003c/p\u003e    ","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003chead\u003eSeries\u003c/head\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 1: Administrative records, 1949-2007 (Boxes 1-196)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 2: Production files, 1950-2010 (Boxes 197-588, 654-663)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 3: Photographs, 1950-1991 (Boxes 589-639)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 4: Oversize materials, 1949-late 2000s (Boxes 640-720)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 5: Audiovisual materials, 1970-2007 (Boxes 721-739)\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged into five series, each of which is further divided into subseries:","Series\n      Series 1: Administrative records, 1949-2007 (Boxes 1-196)\n      Series 2: Production files, 1950-2010 (Boxes 197-588, 654-663)\n      Series 3: Photographs, 1950-1991 (Boxes 589-639)\n      Series 4: Oversize materials, 1949-late 2000s (Boxes 640-720)\n      Series 5: Audiovisual materials, 1970-2007 (Boxes 721-739)"],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cextptr href=\"http://www.arenastage.org/plan-your-visit/the-mead-center/\" title=\"'Arena Stage at the Mead Center for American Theater.' Arena Stage. Accessed February 3, 2016.\" show=\"new\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n            ","\u003cp\u003e Maslon, Lawrence, editor. \"The Arena Adventure: The First 40 Years.\" Washington, DC: Arena Stage, 1990.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e \u003cextptr href=\"http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/theater/features/arena51205.htm\" title=\"Richards, David. 'For Arena Stage, a Pioneering Selection.' Washington Post. December 5, 1997\" show=\"new\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e \u003c/p\u003e  "],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["Maslon, Lawrence, editor. \"The Arena Adventure: The First 40 Years.\" Washington, DC: Arena Stage, 1990."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFrom its opening on August 16, 1950, the Arena Stage has dedicated itself to being a space of imagination and innovation, a tool of \"civilization,\" and Washington, D.C.'s preeminent regional theater. Founded by Zelda Fichandler, with assistance from her husband Thomas C. Fichandler and partner Edward Mangum, the Arena Stage began as a for-profit theater under Arena Enterprises, Inc. The original Hippodrome Theatre, located on Ninth and New York N.W. in D.C., was revolutionary amongst regional theatres for its theatre-in-the-round construction and would provide the blueprint for all future Arena locations.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArena began its long and successful life with Oliver Goldsmith's \u003citalic\u003eShe Stoops to Conquer.\u003c/italic\u003e Arena owed its early successes in the 1950s to its fluid play schedule organization and its willingness to put on works that were not commercial successes on Broadway. In November of 1956, after a year's hiatus, the company relocated to a temporary home at the Old Heurich Brewery, dubbed the Old Vat by company members. The move was facilitated in part by the commitment and drive of Board members J. Burke Knapp, Albert M. Berkowitz, Israel Convisser, Leslie Amouri, and Henry J. Danilowicz. However, financial issues would continue to trouble Arena Enterprises, Inc., eventually leading to its dissolution in 1959, and the creation of Arena's new, non-profit parent organization, the Washington Drama Society.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring the 1960s, Arena garnered international renown in its new space: the Arena Stage Theatre. The new building, located at Sixth Street and Maine Avenue SW, was the first playhouse built in Washington since 1895. Chicago architect Harry Weese designed the space to be as innovative as possible while still maintaining the theater-in-the-round layout. Now a non-profit theater, Arena drew much of its funding during this time from the National Endowment for the Arts (NEA) and generous donations from both the Ford Foundation and the Rockefeller Foundations.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Arena Stage began some of its most ambitious work during the 1960s including forming the Living Stage Theatre Company, further integrating its cast, and staging its most ambitious and acclaimed work to date: \u003citalic\u003eThe Great White Hope.\u003c/italic\u003e \u003citalic\u003eThe Great White Hope\u003c/italic\u003e included twenty five additional guest actors, including James Earl Jones, and was an enormous success, both critically and financially, for Arena. It was the first major resident theater production to be exported to Broadway. Fichandler also began to experiment with casting African American actors in traditionally white roles during the 1968 season after she published the paper \"Towards a Deepening Aesthetic.\" Fichandler experimented with non-traditional casting in plays like \u003citalic\u003eKing Lear\u003c/italic\u003e and \u003citalic\u003eThe Threepenny Opera\u003c/italic\u003e, but unfortunately these plays were met with critical confusion and disappointing ticket sales. Arena Stage was incredibly successful in the 1970s, garnering awards and critical approval, and international recognition. Not content with the current Arena Stage configuration, Fichandler and others worked diligently to acquire another stage facility that would collaborate, not compete, with the current Stage. Generosity on the part of David Lloyd Kreeger, and others, led to the construction of the new Kreeger Theater which opened on January 15, 1971.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1973 Arena would have the opportunity to take two of its plays, \u003citalic\u003eOur Town\u003c/italic\u003e and \u003citalic\u003eInherit the Wind\u003c/italic\u003e to the U.S.S.R. This was the first ever trip to the Soviet Union undertaken by a resident theater group. The trip was a wild success with Russian audiences giving the cast a standing ovation following their performance of \u003citalic\u003eInherit the Wind\u003c/italic\u003e at the Moscow Art Theatre. In April 1976 the American Theatre Critics Association bestowed upon the Arena Stage a special Tony Award for resident theaters. The ATCA cited Arena's qualities as a \"trailblazer\" in theatrical arts and representative of other theaters that had followed its lead.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe early 1980s were a difficult time for theater, but, in spite of this, Arena continued to push the limits of conventional residential theater. The 1982 production of \u003citalic\u003eK2\u003c/italic\u003e, for example, saw the construction of a sheer glacial face on the Kreeger stage according to the vision of set designer Ming Cho Lee. In 1986 twenty-three actors and a thirteen member production staff traveled to Jerusalem to perform Zelda's production of \u003citalic\u003eThe Crucible\u003c/italic\u003e at the Israel Festival.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1989 marked the end of an era as Zelda Fichandler announced that she would step down as Arena's producing director at the end of the 1990-1991 fortieth anniversary season. Douglas C. Wager would succeed her as artistic director. Amid financial difficulties and changing times for theaters everywhere, Arena's resident company of actors was disbanded by the late 1990s. Wager remained at the helm until 1998, when Molly Smith took over the position. Under Smith's leadership, Bing Thom architects completed another major renovation of Arena's existing buildings into the Mead Center for American Theater in 2010. Smith served as Arena's artistic director until 2023, when she retired and was succeeded by current Aristic Director, Hana Sharif.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMany now-famous actors took part in Arena Stage productions during the early part of their careers. Some of them include Robert Prosky, Morgan Freeman, Dianne Wiest, James Earl Jones, Kevin Kline, Christopher Guest, Yeardley Smith, Samuel L. Jackson, Ned Beatty, Jane Alexander, and Ron Perlman. Many other set designers, artists, costume designers, and technical workers owe their early success and experience to the Arena Stage.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["From its opening on August 16, 1950, the Arena Stage has dedicated itself to being a space of imagination and innovation, a tool of \"civilization,\" and Washington, D.C.'s preeminent regional theater. Founded by Zelda Fichandler, with assistance from her husband Thomas C. Fichandler and partner Edward Mangum, the Arena Stage began as a for-profit theater under Arena Enterprises, Inc. The original Hippodrome Theatre, located on Ninth and New York N.W. in D.C., was revolutionary amongst regional theatres for its theatre-in-the-round construction and would provide the blueprint for all future Arena locations.","Arena began its long and successful life with Oliver Goldsmith's She Stoops to Conquer. Arena owed its early successes in the 1950s to its fluid play schedule organization and its willingness to put on works that were not commercial successes on Broadway. In November of 1956, after a year's hiatus, the company relocated to a temporary home at the Old Heurich Brewery, dubbed the Old Vat by company members. The move was facilitated in part by the commitment and drive of Board members J. Burke Knapp, Albert M. Berkowitz, Israel Convisser, Leslie Amouri, and Henry J. Danilowicz. However, financial issues would continue to trouble Arena Enterprises, Inc., eventually leading to its dissolution in 1959, and the creation of Arena's new, non-profit parent organization, the Washington Drama Society.","During the 1960s, Arena garnered international renown in its new space: the Arena Stage Theatre. The new building, located at Sixth Street and Maine Avenue SW, was the first playhouse built in Washington since 1895. Chicago architect Harry Weese designed the space to be as innovative as possible while still maintaining the theater-in-the-round layout. Now a non-profit theater, Arena drew much of its funding during this time from the National Endowment for the Arts (NEA) and generous donations from both the Ford Foundation and the Rockefeller Foundations.","The Arena Stage began some of its most ambitious work during the 1960s including forming the Living Stage Theatre Company, further integrating its cast, and staging its most ambitious and acclaimed work to date: The Great White Hope. The Great White Hope included twenty five additional guest actors, including James Earl Jones, and was an enormous success, both critically and financially, for Arena. It was the first major resident theater production to be exported to Broadway. Fichandler also began to experiment with casting African American actors in traditionally white roles during the 1968 season after she published the paper \"Towards a Deepening Aesthetic.\" Fichandler experimented with non-traditional casting in plays like King Lear and The Threepenny Opera, but unfortunately these plays were met with critical confusion and disappointing ticket sales. Arena Stage was incredibly successful in the 1970s, garnering awards and critical approval, and international recognition. Not content with the current Arena Stage configuration, Fichandler and others worked diligently to acquire another stage facility that would collaborate, not compete, with the current Stage. Generosity on the part of David Lloyd Kreeger, and others, led to the construction of the new Kreeger Theater which opened on January 15, 1971.","In 1973 Arena would have the opportunity to take two of its plays, Our Town and Inherit the Wind to the U.S.S.R. This was the first ever trip to the Soviet Union undertaken by a resident theater group. The trip was a wild success with Russian audiences giving the cast a standing ovation following their performance of Inherit the Wind at the Moscow Art Theatre. In April 1976 the American Theatre Critics Association bestowed upon the Arena Stage a special Tony Award for resident theaters. The ATCA cited Arena's qualities as a \"trailblazer\" in theatrical arts and representative of other theaters that had followed its lead.","The early 1980s were a difficult time for theater, but, in spite of this, Arena continued to push the limits of conventional residential theater. The 1982 production of K2, for example, saw the construction of a sheer glacial face on the Kreeger stage according to the vision of set designer Ming Cho Lee. In 1986 twenty-three actors and a thirteen member production staff traveled to Jerusalem to perform Zelda's production of The Crucible at the Israel Festival.","1989 marked the end of an era as Zelda Fichandler announced that she would step down as Arena's producing director at the end of the 1990-1991 fortieth anniversary season. Douglas C. Wager would succeed her as artistic director. Amid financial difficulties and changing times for theaters everywhere, Arena's resident company of actors was disbanded by the late 1990s. Wager remained at the helm until 1998, when Molly Smith took over the position. Under Smith's leadership, Bing Thom architects completed another major renovation of Arena's existing buildings into the Mead Center for American Theater in 2010. Smith served as Arena's artistic director until 2023, when she retired and was succeeded by current Aristic Director, Hana Sharif.","Many now-famous actors took part in Arena Stage productions during the early part of their careers. Some of them include Robert Prosky, Morgan Freeman, Dianne Wiest, James Earl Jones, Kevin Kline, Christopher Guest, Yeardley Smith, Samuel L. Jackson, Ned Beatty, Jane Alexander, and Ron Perlman. Many other set designers, artists, costume designers, and technical workers owe their early success and experience to the Arena Stage."],"phystech_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Special Collections Research Center does not have the equipment necessary to film and audio reels, Betacam, or U-matic tapes contained in Series 5.2 and 5.3. Additional time and money may be required to digitize this material for access.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"phystech_heading_ssm":["Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements"],"phystech_tesim":["The Special Collections Research Center does not have the equipment necessary to film and audio reels, Betacam, or U-matic tapes contained in Series 5.2 and 5.3. Additional time and money may be required to digitize this material for access."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eArena Stage records, C0017, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Arena Stage records, C0017, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed by Harvard Theatre Collection and George Mason University Special Collections Research Center staff. Reprocessed by Greta Suiter, Kerry Mitchell, Elizabeth Beckman, Diane Stancil, and Nick Welsh. EAD markup completed by Elizabeth Beckman in 2016. Finding aid updated by Amanda Menjivar in 2025.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed by Harvard Theatre Collection and George Mason University Special Collections Research Center staff. Reprocessed by Greta Suiter, Kerry Mitchell, Elizabeth Beckman, Diane Stancil, and Nick Welsh. EAD markup completed by Elizabeth Beckman in 2016. Finding aid updated by Amanda Menjivar in 2025."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Special Collections Research Center holds the personal papers of several individuals involved with Arena Stage, including the Zelda Fichandler papers, the Thomas C. Fichandler papers, the Ken Kitch papers, as well as the Living Stage records.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Special Collections Research Center holds the personal papers of several individuals involved with Arena Stage, including the Zelda Fichandler papers, the Thomas C. Fichandler papers, the Ken Kitch papers, as well as the Living Stage records."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Arena Stage records consist of material that spans the theater's history from 1949 to 2010, including production notebooks, photographs, audiotapes, videotapes, playbills, scrapbooks, scripts, correspondence, and other production materials, as well as administrative records pertaining to the theater's finances, publicity, buildings, and programs.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1: Administrative records (1949-2007) documents the creation, operation, and maintenance of Arena Stage and its various programs. It is further divided into 6 subseries. Subseries 1.1: Correspondence includes correspondence arranged alphabetically by the correspondent's last name or by organizational name. Some correspondence is further aggregated and then organized alphabetically, such as \"Play Correspondence\" or \"Audience Response.\" Of particular note are letters from President Bill Clinton, Supreme Court Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg, and King Kong star Fay Wray. Subseries 1.2: Programs, policies, and procedures, includes records of Arena's programs, such as the \"Arena Angels\" volunteer program and fellowship programs, policies, such as bylaws, diversity policies, and handbooks, and planning, including season planning and long-range plans. This subseries is broken up into four sub-subseries. Sub-subseries 1.3.1: Financial papers documents Arena's finances and includes stockholder documents from its beginnings as a for-profit theater, grant-related documentation after the theater transitioned to a non-profit in the late 1950s, and records of the theater's development office, some of which were kept by department director Elspeth Udvarhelyi. Sub-subseries 1.3.2: Personnel records includes information on staff at Arena Stage arranged alphabetically. Of particular interest are headshots and/or resumes of a number of well-known actors, including James Earl Jones, Morgan Freeman, Henry Winkler, Edward Hermann, Yeardley Smith, Jane Alexander, Swoosie Kurtz, Victor Garber, Ron Perlman, Annette Benning, Olympia Dukakis, John Lithgow, John Voigt, Sigourney Weaver, and Rosemary Harris. Sub-subseries 1.3.3: Casting information contains notes on casting for productions arranged alphabetically by play. Sub-subseries 1.3.4: Production contracts includes official agreements between Arena and others arranged alphabetically by play. Subseries 1.4: Meeting minutes contains meeting minutes from Arena's Board of Trustees, staff, and other subgroups within the organization. Subseries 1.5: Communications and events, is also divided into four sub-subseries. Sub-subseries 1.5.1: Events documents special events held by Arena Stage, including anniversaries, galas, benefits, openings and press events. Sub-subseries 1.5.2: Communications and Marketing includes records produced by the Communications and Marketing departments, including meeting minutes, planning, research, and correspondence. Sub-subseries 1.5.3: Printed Material includes subscriber materials, mailings, brochures, reviews collected and arranged by play title, and programs organized chronologically. Sub-subseries 1.5.4: Theater Communications Group contains correspondence, reports, and other information generated from Arena's association with the Theater Communications Group, an organization of theaters around the United States. Subseries 1.6: Buildings and facilities includes information about and architectural plans for Arena's various buildings over the years, including the Hippodrome, the Old Vat, the 1960 permanent building, and the Kreeger Theater addition.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2: Production Files (1950-2010) is comprised of records related to the artistic development and performance of Arena's plays. It is divided into 6 subseries. Subseries 2.1: Dramaturgical files documents literary, historical and background research done by Arena's literary department for various plays, including articles, research packets, actor's packets, and scripts. It is generally organized alphabetically by play. Subseries 2.2: Playwright subject files contains research on various playwrights, both living and dead, whose work has been performed at Arena. It is organized alphabetically by playwright's last name. Subseries 2.3: Production files includes scripts, blocking information, correspondence, and other material related to the production of Arena's plays. It is arranged alphabetically by play title. Subseries 2.4: Stage manager's reports includes daily reports by the stage manager of productions for the entire runs of many of Arena's plays from the late 1960s to the mid-1990s. The reports include running times, incident reports, and other commentary on the audience and the performance. Subseries 2.5: Wrap files contains documents collected from throughout the runs of various productions, including reviews that reflect the wider response to the play. Subseries 2.6: Producing director's files contains documents from Arena's second Producing director after Zelda Fichandler, Doug Wager, who served from 1991-1998. It includes pre-production speeches given by Wager, as well as planning files.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 3: Photographs (1950-1991)is divided into 3 subseries. Subseries 3.1: Production photographs includes photos of scenes from Arena's productions arranged alphabetically by play. Subseries 3.2: Production books includes production photos collected in books, many of which are by professional photographer George de Vincent. Subseries 3.3: Buildings, staff, and events includes photographs of Arena's buildings, staff and cast portraits, and event photographs, such as prints from Arena's 30th anniversary celebration and from Arena's Soviet Union and Israel tours. Subseries 3.4: Negatives and slides includes slides and negatives of Arena's staff and events, as well as some buildings, sets, and production-related images.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 4: Oversize (1949-late 2000s) is divided into 3 subseries and contains a variety of oversize material. Subseries 4.1: Braille programs contains programs in Braille for various Arena productions from the 1990s and early 2000s. Subseries 4.2: Miscellaneous artwork and programs includes posters from Arena productions and events, enlarged photos, costume sketches, and other oversized material, such as a large model of the Mead Center for American Theater. Subseries 4.3: Scrapbooks contains scrapbooks created for each of Arena's seasons up until 1988. It also includes scrapbooks for Arena's tour of the Soviet Union and of visitors to Arena.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 5: Audiovisual (1970-2007) contains several types of formats and is divided into 3 subseries. Series 5.1: Performances on VHS contains VHS tapes (a few of which have associated DVDs) of performances at Arena arranged alphabetically by play title. Series 5.2: Reel-to-reel contains production and event footage on reel-to-reel film. Series 5.3: Other audiovisual formats and VHS tapes contains footage of events and productions on audiocassette, Betacam, and U-matic tapes. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Arena Stage records consist of material that spans the theater's history from 1949 to 2010, including production notebooks, photographs, audiotapes, videotapes, playbills, scrapbooks, scripts, correspondence, and other production materials, as well as administrative records pertaining to the theater's finances, publicity, buildings, and programs.","Series 1: Administrative records (1949-2007) documents the creation, operation, and maintenance of Arena Stage and its various programs. It is further divided into 6 subseries. Subseries 1.1: Correspondence includes correspondence arranged alphabetically by the correspondent's last name or by organizational name. Some correspondence is further aggregated and then organized alphabetically, such as \"Play Correspondence\" or \"Audience Response.\" Of particular note are letters from President Bill Clinton, Supreme Court Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg, and King Kong star Fay Wray. Subseries 1.2: Programs, policies, and procedures, includes records of Arena's programs, such as the \"Arena Angels\" volunteer program and fellowship programs, policies, such as bylaws, diversity policies, and handbooks, and planning, including season planning and long-range plans. This subseries is broken up into four sub-subseries. Sub-subseries 1.3.1: Financial papers documents Arena's finances and includes stockholder documents from its beginnings as a for-profit theater, grant-related documentation after the theater transitioned to a non-profit in the late 1950s, and records of the theater's development office, some of which were kept by department director Elspeth Udvarhelyi. Sub-subseries 1.3.2: Personnel records includes information on staff at Arena Stage arranged alphabetically. Of particular interest are headshots and/or resumes of a number of well-known actors, including James Earl Jones, Morgan Freeman, Henry Winkler, Edward Hermann, Yeardley Smith, Jane Alexander, Swoosie Kurtz, Victor Garber, Ron Perlman, Annette Benning, Olympia Dukakis, John Lithgow, John Voigt, Sigourney Weaver, and Rosemary Harris. Sub-subseries 1.3.3: Casting information contains notes on casting for productions arranged alphabetically by play. Sub-subseries 1.3.4: Production contracts includes official agreements between Arena and others arranged alphabetically by play. Subseries 1.4: Meeting minutes contains meeting minutes from Arena's Board of Trustees, staff, and other subgroups within the organization. Subseries 1.5: Communications and events, is also divided into four sub-subseries. Sub-subseries 1.5.1: Events documents special events held by Arena Stage, including anniversaries, galas, benefits, openings and press events. Sub-subseries 1.5.2: Communications and Marketing includes records produced by the Communications and Marketing departments, including meeting minutes, planning, research, and correspondence. Sub-subseries 1.5.3: Printed Material includes subscriber materials, mailings, brochures, reviews collected and arranged by play title, and programs organized chronologically. Sub-subseries 1.5.4: Theater Communications Group contains correspondence, reports, and other information generated from Arena's association with the Theater Communications Group, an organization of theaters around the United States. Subseries 1.6: Buildings and facilities includes information about and architectural plans for Arena's various buildings over the years, including the Hippodrome, the Old Vat, the 1960 permanent building, and the Kreeger Theater addition.","Series 2: Production Files (1950-2010) is comprised of records related to the artistic development and performance of Arena's plays. It is divided into 6 subseries. Subseries 2.1: Dramaturgical files documents literary, historical and background research done by Arena's literary department for various plays, including articles, research packets, actor's packets, and scripts. It is generally organized alphabetically by play. Subseries 2.2: Playwright subject files contains research on various playwrights, both living and dead, whose work has been performed at Arena. It is organized alphabetically by playwright's last name. Subseries 2.3: Production files includes scripts, blocking information, correspondence, and other material related to the production of Arena's plays. It is arranged alphabetically by play title. Subseries 2.4: Stage manager's reports includes daily reports by the stage manager of productions for the entire runs of many of Arena's plays from the late 1960s to the mid-1990s. The reports include running times, incident reports, and other commentary on the audience and the performance. Subseries 2.5: Wrap files contains documents collected from throughout the runs of various productions, including reviews that reflect the wider response to the play. Subseries 2.6: Producing director's files contains documents from Arena's second Producing director after Zelda Fichandler, Doug Wager, who served from 1991-1998. It includes pre-production speeches given by Wager, as well as planning files.","Series 3: Photographs (1950-1991)is divided into 3 subseries. Subseries 3.1: Production photographs includes photos of scenes from Arena's productions arranged alphabetically by play. Subseries 3.2: Production books includes production photos collected in books, many of which are by professional photographer George de Vincent. Subseries 3.3: Buildings, staff, and events includes photographs of Arena's buildings, staff and cast portraits, and event photographs, such as prints from Arena's 30th anniversary celebration and from Arena's Soviet Union and Israel tours. Subseries 3.4: Negatives and slides includes slides and negatives of Arena's staff and events, as well as some buildings, sets, and production-related images.","Series 4: Oversize (1949-late 2000s) is divided into 3 subseries and contains a variety of oversize material. Subseries 4.1: Braille programs contains programs in Braille for various Arena productions from the 1990s and early 2000s. Subseries 4.2: Miscellaneous artwork and programs includes posters from Arena productions and events, enlarged photos, costume sketches, and other oversized material, such as a large model of the Mead Center for American Theater. Subseries 4.3: Scrapbooks contains scrapbooks created for each of Arena's seasons up until 1988. It also includes scrapbooks for Arena's tour of the Soviet Union and of visitors to Arena.","Series 5: Audiovisual (1970-2007) contains several types of formats and is divided into 3 subseries. Series 5.1: Performances on VHS contains VHS tapes (a few of which have associated DVDs) of performances at Arena arranged alphabetically by play title. Series 5.2: Reel-to-reel contains production and event footage on reel-to-reel film. Series 5.3: Other audiovisual formats and VHS tapes contains footage of events and productions on audiocassette, Betacam, and U-matic tapes."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_ec96c412f915842d3012676b73803163\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe Arena Stage records consist of material that spans the theater's history from its beginnings in 1950 to the present, including production notebooks, photographs, audiotapes, videotapes, playbills, scrapbooks, scripts, handwritten correspondence, and other production materials, as well as administrative records.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The Arena Stage records consist of material that spans the theater's history from its beginnings in 1950 to the present, including production notebooks, photographs, audiotapes, videotapes, playbills, scrapbooks, scripts, handwritten correspondence, and other production materials, as well as administrative records."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_22f8958322c3fdee6366a384bb686980\"\u003e\nR 5, C 1, S 2 - R 9, C 4, S 7 \n\n\nR29, C1, S2\n\nOS R 3, C 2, S 1 - C 3, S 7\nOS R 4, C 5, S 5 \nOS R 5, C 2, S 3\nOS R 5, C 5, S 4\nOS R 6, C 4, S 6 - S 7\nOS R 7, C 1, S 2\nMap Case 9.1, 11.5\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["R 5, C 1, S 2 - R 9, C 4, S 7 \n\n\nR29, C1, S2\n\nOS R 3, C 2, S 1 - C 3, S 7\nOS R 4, C 5, S 5 \nOS R 5, C 2, S 3\nOS R 5, C 5, S 4\nOS R 6, C 4, S 6 - S 7\nOS R 7, C 1, S 2\nMap Case 9.1, 11.5"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Arena Stage (Organization : Washington, D.C.)"],"persname_ssim":["Fichandler, Thomas C.","Fichandler, Zelda, 1924-2016"],"names_coll_ssim":["Fichandler, Thomas C.","Fichandler, Zelda, 1924-2016"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Arena Stage (Organization : Washington, D.C.)","Fichandler, Thomas C.","Fichandler, Zelda, 1924-2016"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":8332,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-09-04T00:01:18.787Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_416_c01_c02_c100"}},{"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_841_c01_c03_c05","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Writing Across Curriculum, 1986/1992","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_841_c01_c03_c05#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_841_c01_c03_c05","ref_ssm":["vilxv_repositories_3_resources_841_c01_c03_c05"],"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_841_c01_c03_c05","ead_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_841","_root_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_841","_nest_parent_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_841_c01_c03","parent_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_841_c01_c03","parent_ssim":["Office of Communications and Marketing subject files, 1950","Accession 1","Academic programs"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vilxv_repositories_3_resources_841","vilxv_repositories_3_resources_841_c01","vilxv_repositories_3_resources_841_c01_c03"],"title_filing_ssi":"Writing Across Curriculum","title_ssm":["Writing Across Curriculum"],"title_tesim":["Writing Across Curriculum"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Writing Across Curriculum, 1986/1992"],"text":["Writing Across Curriculum, 1986/1992","Office of Communications and Marketing subject files, 1950","Accession 1","Academic programs","box 3","Folder 5","Virginia Military Institute—Academics—History—20th century"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Office of Communications and Marketing subject files, 1950","Accession 1","Academic programs"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Office of Communications and Marketing subject files, 1950","Accession 1","Academic programs"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1986/1992"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1986-1992"],"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"component_level_isim":[3],"sort_isi":74,"repository_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"collection_ssim":["Office of Communications and Marketing subject files, 1950"],"containers_ssim":["box 3","Folder 5"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"access_subjects_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute—Academics—History—20th century"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Virginia Military Institute—Academics—History—20th century"],"date_range_isim":[1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#2/components#4","timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:37:30.860Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_841","ead_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_841","_root_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_841","_nest_parent_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_841","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VMI/repositories_3_resources_841.xml","title_ssm":["Office of Communications and Marketing subject files"],"title_tesim":["Office of Communications and Marketing subject files"],"unitdate_ssm":["bulk 1950's - [ongoing]"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["bulk 1950's - [ongoing]"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1950"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Office of Communications and Marketing subject files, 1950"],"text":["Office of Communications and Marketing subject files, 1950","RG.05.Subject Files","/repositories/3/resources/841","Virginia Military Institute Archives","VMI Foundation","Bunting, Josiah, III, 1939-","Irby, Richard L. (Richard Logan), 1918-2002","Knapp, John W. (John Williams), 1932-","Shell, George R. E., 1908-1996","Walker, Sam S., 1925-2015","Couper, Wm. (William), 1884-1964","Crozet, Claudius, 1790-1864","Davis, Alexander J. (Alexander Jackson), 1803-1892","Dillard, Herbert N., Jr. (Herbert Nash), 1913-1976","Ezekiel, Moses J. (Moses Jacob), 1844-1917","Glenn, John H., 1921-2016","Houston, Sam, 1793-1863","Hunter, David, 1802-1886","Jackson, Stonewall, 1824-1863","DiMaggio, Joe, 1914-1999","Bush, George H. W. (George Herbert Walker), 1924-2018","Ford, Gerald R. (Gerald Rudolph), 1913-2006","Milton, William H., Jr. (William Hammond), 1900-1984","Marshall, George C. (George Catlett), 1880-1959","Morrison, Tommy D. (Tommy David), 1969-2013","Powell, Colin L. (Colin Luther), 1937-2021","Shepherd, Lemuel C., Jr. (Lemuel Cornick), 1896-1990","Brooke, John M. (John Mercer), 1826-1906","Byrd, Richard E. (Richard Evelyn), 1888-1957","Clark, Francis B. (Francis Barnard), 1850-1896","Lee, Robert E. (Robert Edward), 1807-1870","Patton, George S. (George Smith), 1885-1945","Rockenbach, Samuel D. (Samuel Dickerson), 1869-1952","Saunders, James D., 1824-1851","Shipp, Scott, 1839-1917","Sigel, Franz, 1824-1902","Smith, Francis H. (Francis Henney), 1812-1890","Strange, John B. (John Bowie), 1823-1862","Watson, Edward Minor, 1851-1887","Wise, Henry A. (Henry Alexander), 1906-1982","McKenna, John, 1914-2007","Anderson, Joseph R., Jr. (Joseph Reid), 1851-1930","Kissinger, Henry A. (Henry Alfred), 1923-2023","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Office of Communications and Marketing subject files, 1950"],"collection_ssim":["Office of Communications and Marketing subject files, 1950"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Sub-Group","Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["RG.05.Subject Files","/repositories/3/resources/841"],"unitid_tesim":["RG.05.Subject Files","/repositories/3/resources/841"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Bunting, Josiah, III, 1939-","Irby, Richard L. (Richard Logan), 1918-2002","Knapp, John W. (John Williams), 1932-","Shell, George R. E., 1908-1996","Walker, Sam S., 1925-2015","Couper, Wm. (William), 1884-1964","Crozet, Claudius, 1790-1864","Davis, Alexander J. (Alexander Jackson), 1803-1892","Dillard, Herbert N., Jr. (Herbert Nash), 1913-1976","Ezekiel, Moses J. (Moses Jacob), 1844-1917","Glenn, John H., 1921-2016","Houston, Sam, 1793-1863","Hunter, David, 1802-1886","Jackson, Stonewall, 1824-1863","DiMaggio, Joe, 1914-1999","Bush, George H. W. (George Herbert Walker), 1924-2018","Ford, Gerald R. (Gerald Rudolph), 1913-2006","Milton, William H., Jr. (William Hammond), 1900-1984","Marshall, George C. (George Catlett), 1880-1959","Morrison, Tommy D. (Tommy David), 1969-2013","Powell, Colin L. (Colin Luther), 1937-2021","Shepherd, Lemuel C., Jr. (Lemuel Cornick), 1896-1990","Brooke, John M. (John Mercer), 1826-1906","Byrd, Richard E. (Richard Evelyn), 1888-1957","Clark, Francis B. (Francis Barnard), 1850-1896","Lee, Robert E. (Robert Edward), 1807-1870","Patton, George S. (George Smith), 1885-1945","Rockenbach, Samuel D. (Samuel Dickerson), 1869-1952","Saunders, James D., 1824-1851","Shipp, Scott, 1839-1917","Sigel, Franz, 1824-1902","Smith, Francis H. (Francis Henney), 1812-1890","Strange, John B. (John Bowie), 1823-1862","Watson, Edward Minor, 1851-1887","Wise, Henry A. (Henry Alexander), 1906-1982","McKenna, John, 1914-2007","Anderson, Joseph R., Jr. (Joseph Reid), 1851-1930","Kissinger, Henry A. (Henry Alfred), 1923-2023"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives","VMI Foundation"],"creators_ssim":["Bunting, Josiah, III, 1939-","Irby, Richard L. (Richard Logan), 1918-2002","Knapp, John W. (John Williams), 1932-","Shell, George R. E., 1908-1996","Walker, Sam S., 1925-2015","Couper, Wm. (William), 1884-1964","Crozet, Claudius, 1790-1864","Davis, Alexander J. (Alexander Jackson), 1803-1892","Dillard, Herbert N., Jr. (Herbert Nash), 1913-1976","Ezekiel, Moses J. (Moses Jacob), 1844-1917","Glenn, John H., 1921-2016","Houston, Sam, 1793-1863","Hunter, David, 1802-1886","Jackson, Stonewall, 1824-1863","DiMaggio, Joe, 1914-1999","Bush, George H. W. (George Herbert Walker), 1924-2018","Ford, Gerald R. (Gerald Rudolph), 1913-2006","Milton, William H., Jr. (William Hammond), 1900-1984","Marshall, George C. (George Catlett), 1880-1959","Morrison, Tommy D. (Tommy David), 1969-2013","Powell, Colin L. (Colin Luther), 1937-2021","Shepherd, Lemuel C., Jr. (Lemuel Cornick), 1896-1990","Brooke, John M. (John Mercer), 1826-1906","Byrd, Richard E. (Richard Evelyn), 1888-1957","Clark, Francis B. (Francis Barnard), 1850-1896","Lee, Robert E. (Robert Edward), 1807-1870","Patton, George S. (George Smith), 1885-1945","Rockenbach, Samuel D. (Samuel Dickerson), 1869-1952","Saunders, James D., 1824-1851","Shipp, Scott, 1839-1917","Sigel, Franz, 1824-1902","Smith, Francis H. (Francis Henney), 1812-1890","Strange, John B. (John Bowie), 1823-1862","Watson, Edward Minor, 1851-1887","Wise, Henry A. (Henry Alexander), 1906-1982","McKenna, John, 1914-2007","Anderson, Joseph R., Jr. (Joseph Reid), 1851-1930","Kissinger, Henry A. (Henry Alfred), 1923-2023","Virginia Military Institute Archives","VMI Foundation"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["10 cubic feet"],"extent_tesim":["10 cubic feet"],"date_range_isim":[1950],"corpname_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives","VMI Foundation"],"persname_ssim":["Bunting, Josiah, III, 1939-","Irby, Richard L. (Richard Logan), 1918-2002","Knapp, John W. (John Williams), 1932-","Shell, George R. E., 1908-1996","Walker, Sam S., 1925-2015","Couper, Wm. (William), 1884-1964","Crozet, Claudius, 1790-1864","Davis, Alexander J. (Alexander Jackson), 1803-1892","Dillard, Herbert N., Jr. (Herbert Nash), 1913-1976","Ezekiel, Moses J. (Moses Jacob), 1844-1917","Glenn, John H., 1921-2016","Houston, Sam, 1793-1863","Hunter, David, 1802-1886","Jackson, Stonewall, 1824-1863","DiMaggio, Joe, 1914-1999","Bush, George H. W. (George Herbert Walker), 1924-2018","Ford, Gerald R. (Gerald Rudolph), 1913-2006","Milton, William H., Jr. (William Hammond), 1900-1984","Marshall, George C. (George Catlett), 1880-1959","Morrison, Tommy D. (Tommy David), 1969-2013","Powell, Colin L. (Colin Luther), 1937-2021","Shepherd, Lemuel C., Jr. (Lemuel Cornick), 1896-1990","Brooke, John M. (John Mercer), 1826-1906","Byrd, Richard E. (Richard Evelyn), 1888-1957","Clark, Francis B. (Francis Barnard), 1850-1896","Lee, Robert E. (Robert Edward), 1807-1870","Patton, George S. (George Smith), 1885-1945","Rockenbach, Samuel D. (Samuel Dickerson), 1869-1952","Saunders, James D., 1824-1851","Shipp, Scott, 1839-1917","Sigel, Franz, 1824-1902","Smith, Francis H. (Francis Henney), 1812-1890","Strange, John B. (John Bowie), 1823-1862","Watson, Edward Minor, 1851-1887","Wise, Henry A. (Henry Alexander), 1906-1982","McKenna, John, 1914-2007","Anderson, Joseph R., Jr. (Joseph Reid), 1851-1930","Kissinger, Henry A. (Henry Alfred), 1923-2023"],"names_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives","VMI Foundation","Bunting, Josiah, III, 1939-","Irby, Richard L. (Richard Logan), 1918-2002","Knapp, John W. (John Williams), 1932-","Shell, George R. E., 1908-1996","Walker, Sam S., 1925-2015","Couper, Wm. (William), 1884-1964","Crozet, Claudius, 1790-1864","Davis, Alexander J. (Alexander Jackson), 1803-1892","Dillard, Herbert N., Jr. (Herbert Nash), 1913-1976","Ezekiel, Moses J. (Moses Jacob), 1844-1917","Glenn, John H., 1921-2016","Houston, Sam, 1793-1863","Hunter, David, 1802-1886","Jackson, Stonewall, 1824-1863","DiMaggio, Joe, 1914-1999","Bush, George H. W. (George Herbert Walker), 1924-2018","Ford, Gerald R. (Gerald Rudolph), 1913-2006","Milton, William H., Jr. (William Hammond), 1900-1984","Marshall, George C. (George Catlett), 1880-1959","Morrison, Tommy D. (Tommy David), 1969-2013","Powell, Colin L. (Colin Luther), 1937-2021","Shepherd, Lemuel C., Jr. (Lemuel Cornick), 1896-1990","Brooke, John M. (John Mercer), 1826-1906","Byrd, Richard E. (Richard Evelyn), 1888-1957","Clark, Francis B. (Francis Barnard), 1850-1896","Lee, Robert E. (Robert Edward), 1807-1870","Patton, George S. (George Smith), 1885-1945","Rockenbach, Samuel D. (Samuel Dickerson), 1869-1952","Saunders, James D., 1824-1851","Shipp, Scott, 1839-1917","Sigel, Franz, 1824-1902","Smith, Francis H. (Francis Henney), 1812-1890","Strange, John B. (John Bowie), 1823-1862","Watson, Edward Minor, 1851-1887","Wise, Henry A. (Henry Alexander), 1906-1982","McKenna, John, 1914-2007","Anderson, Joseph R., Jr. (Joseph Reid), 1851-1930","Kissinger, Henry A. (Henry Alfred), 1923-2023"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":1160,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:37:30.860Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_841_c01_c03_c05"}},{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8073_c05_c01_c44","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"Writing and Painting Utensil Set - Tucker, Edward Henry (5), 1760/1990","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_8073_c05_c01_c44#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8073_c05_c01_c44","ref_ssm":["viw_repositories_2_resources_8073_c05_c01_c44"],"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8073_c05_c01_c44","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8073","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8073","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8073_c05_c01","parent_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8073_c05_c01","parent_ssim":["Edward \"Teddy\" Bolton Tucker Papers, 1760/2007, bulk 1800/1900","Series 5: Artifacts and Textiles, 1800/2007","Subseries 5.1: Artifacts, 1760/1990"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viw_repositories_2_resources_8073","viw_repositories_2_resources_8073_c05","viw_repositories_2_resources_8073_c05_c01"],"title_filing_ssi":"Writing and Painting Utensil Set - Tucker, Edward Henry (5)","title_ssm":["Writing and Painting Utensil Set - Tucker, Edward Henry (5)"],"title_tesim":["Writing and Painting Utensil Set - Tucker, Edward Henry (5)"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Writing and Painting Utensil Set - Tucker, Edward Henry (5), 1760/1990"],"text":["Writing and Painting Utensil Set - Tucker, Edward Henry (5), 1760/1990","Edward \"Teddy\" Bolton Tucker Papers, 1760/2007, bulk 1800/1900","Series 5: Artifacts and Textiles, 1800/2007","Subseries 5.1: Artifacts, 1760/1990","Box 22"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Edward \"Teddy\" Bolton Tucker Papers, 1760/2007, bulk 1800/1900","Series 5: Artifacts and Textiles, 1800/2007","Subseries 5.1: Artifacts, 1760/1990"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Edward \"Teddy\" Bolton Tucker Papers, 1760/2007, bulk 1800/1900","Series 5: Artifacts and Textiles, 1800/2007","Subseries 5.1: Artifacts, 1760/1990"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1760/1990"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["undated"],"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"component_level_isim":[3],"sort_isi":478,"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"collection_ssim":["Edward \"Teddy\" Bolton Tucker Papers, 1760/2007, bulk 1800/1900"],"containers_ssim":["Box 22"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"date_range_isim":[1760,1761,1762,1763,1764,1765,1766,1767,1768,1769,1770,1771,1772,1773,1774,1775,1776,1777,1778,1779,1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990],"_nest_path_":"/components#4/components#0/components#43","timestamp":"2026-08-14T23:03:33.557Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8073","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8073","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8073","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8073","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_8073.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Edward \"Teddy\" Bolton Tucker papers","title_ssm":["Edward \"Teddy\" Bolton Tucker Papers"],"title_tesim":["Edward \"Teddy\" Bolton Tucker Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1760-1990","1800-1900"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1760-1990"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1800-1900"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1760/2007, bulk 1800/1900"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Edward \"Teddy\" Bolton Tucker Papers, 1760/2007, bulk 1800/1900"],"text":["Edward \"Teddy\" Bolton Tucker Papers, 1760/2007, bulk 1800/1900","MS 00240","/repositories/2/resources/8073","Bermuda Island (Bermuda Islands)","Anglo-Boer War, 1899-1902","Underwater exploration","Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","The collection is arranged into series by family. Series 1 covers Teddy Tucker's Papers; Series 2 covers the papers of Teddy Tucker's immediate family;  Series 3 covers the papers of the extended family; Series 4 covers related Taliaferro-Bolton families; and Series 5 consists of artifacts.","Edward \"Teddy\" Bolton Tucker was born in Bermuda on May 8th, 1925 to Edward Henry and Sue Taliaferro Bolton.  Teddy became an underwater explorer, teacher, treasure hunter, and pioneer.  He earned the Order of the British Empire from Queen Elizabeth II.  Other achievements include the discovery of more than 100 ship wrecks off the Bermuda coast, work on the Beebe science project with National Geographic, collaboration with the University of Maryland to study gill sharks.  Following service with the Royal Navy during World War II, Teddy endeavored to make a living as a salvage diver.  He taught himself about ships, nautical history, and underwater archeology. Teddy died June 9, 2014. \nSources consulted for this biographical/ Historical History: The New York Times, Teddy Tucker Obituary, June 27, 2014.","The collection consists of correspondence, day books, blueprints, photographs, genealogical research, maps, DVDs, artwork, textiles, and artifacts, circa 1760-1990, relating to the Tucker family of Bermuda and the Taliaferro-Bolton families of Richmond, Virginia.","There is also a large amount of material relating to Edward \"Teddy\" Bolton Tucker, an underwater explorer and treasure hunter off the coast of Bermuda. The majority of the artwork in this collection is from Catharine and Ethel Tucker of Bermuda who were aunts of Edward \"Teddy\" Tucker.  They created many landscape pieces and maintained a small store on Bermuda wher they sold their works.","Artifacts include wooden and metal trinkets made by prisoners of war held in Bermuda during the Anglo-Boer war from 1899-1902, textiles, tintype photographs, and family heirloom jewelry.","Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.","Special Collections Research Center","Bolton","Tucker","Tucker, Wendy Sue","Tucker, Teddy (Edward Bolton), 1825-2014","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Edward \"Teddy\" Bolton Tucker Papers, 1760/2007, bulk 1800/1900"],"collection_ssim":["Edward \"Teddy\" Bolton Tucker Papers, 1760/2007, bulk 1800/1900"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS 00240","/repositories/2/resources/8073"],"unitid_tesim":["MS 00240","/repositories/2/resources/8073"],"repository_ssm":["College of William and Mary"],"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"geogname_ssm":["Bermuda Island (Bermuda Islands)"],"geogname_ssim":["Bermuda Island (Bermuda Islands)"],"places_ssim":["Bermuda Island (Bermuda Islands)"],"creator_ssm":["Tucker, Wendy Sue","Tucker, Teddy (Edward Bolton), 1825-2014","Bolton","Tucker"],"creator_ssim":["Tucker, Wendy Sue","Tucker, Teddy (Edward Bolton), 1825-2014","Bolton","Tucker"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Tucker, Wendy Sue","Tucker, Teddy (Edward Bolton), 1825-2014"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"creator_famname_ssim":["Bolton","Tucker"],"creators_ssim":["Tucker, Wendy Sue","Tucker, Teddy (Edward Bolton), 1825-2014","Special Collections Research Center","Bolton","Tucker"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Anglo-Boer War, 1899-1902","Underwater exploration"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Anglo-Boer War, 1899-1902","Underwater exploration"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["20.0 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["20.0 Linear Feet"],"date_range_isim":[1760,1761,1762,1763,1764,1765,1766,1767,1768,1769,1770,1771,1772,1773,1774,1775,1776,1777,1778,1779,1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged into series by family. Series 1 covers Teddy Tucker's Papers; Series 2 covers the papers of Teddy Tucker's immediate family;  Series 3 covers the papers of the extended family; Series 4 covers related Taliaferro-Bolton families; and Series 5 consists of artifacts.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged into series by family. Series 1 covers Teddy Tucker's Papers; Series 2 covers the papers of Teddy Tucker's immediate family;  Series 3 covers the papers of the extended family; Series 4 covers related Taliaferro-Bolton families; and Series 5 consists of artifacts."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eEdward \"Teddy\" Bolton Tucker was born in Bermuda on May 8th, 1925 to Edward Henry and Sue Taliaferro Bolton.  Teddy became an underwater explorer, teacher, treasure hunter, and pioneer.  He earned the Order of the British Empire from Queen Elizabeth II.  Other achievements include the discovery of more than 100 ship wrecks off the Bermuda coast, work on the Beebe science project with National Geographic, collaboration with the University of Maryland to study gill sharks.  Following service with the Royal Navy during World War II, Teddy endeavored to make a living as a salvage diver.  He taught himself about ships, nautical history, and underwater archeology. Teddy died June 9, 2014. \nSources consulted for this biographical/ Historical History: The New York Times, Teddy Tucker Obituary, June 27, 2014.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Edward \"Teddy\" Bolton Tucker was born in Bermuda on May 8th, 1925 to Edward Henry and Sue Taliaferro Bolton.  Teddy became an underwater explorer, teacher, treasure hunter, and pioneer.  He earned the Order of the British Empire from Queen Elizabeth II.  Other achievements include the discovery of more than 100 ship wrecks off the Bermuda coast, work on the Beebe science project with National Geographic, collaboration with the University of Maryland to study gill sharks.  Following service with the Royal Navy during World War II, Teddy endeavored to make a living as a salvage diver.  He taught himself about ships, nautical history, and underwater archeology. Teddy died June 9, 2014. \nSources consulted for this biographical/ Historical History: The New York Times, Teddy Tucker Obituary, June 27, 2014."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eEdward \"Teddy\" Bolton Tucker papers, Special Collections Research Center, William \u0026amp; Mary Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Edward \"Teddy\" Bolton Tucker papers, Special Collections Research Center, William \u0026 Mary Libraries."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection consists of correspondence, day books, blueprints, photographs, genealogical research, maps, DVDs, artwork, textiles, and artifacts, circa 1760-1990, relating to the Tucker family of Bermuda and the Taliaferro-Bolton families of Richmond, Virginia. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere is also a large amount of material relating to Edward \"Teddy\" Bolton Tucker, an underwater explorer and treasure hunter off the coast of Bermuda. The majority of the artwork in this collection is from Catharine and Ethel Tucker of Bermuda who were aunts of Edward \"Teddy\" Tucker.  They created many landscape pieces and maintained a small store on Bermuda wher they sold their works. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArtifacts include wooden and metal trinkets made by prisoners of war held in Bermuda during the Anglo-Boer war from 1899-1902, textiles, tintype photographs, and family heirloom jewelry. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection consists of correspondence, day books, blueprints, photographs, genealogical research, maps, DVDs, artwork, textiles, and artifacts, circa 1760-1990, relating to the Tucker family of Bermuda and the Taliaferro-Bolton families of Richmond, Virginia.","There is also a large amount of material relating to Edward \"Teddy\" Bolton Tucker, an underwater explorer and treasure hunter off the coast of Bermuda. The majority of the artwork in this collection is from Catharine and Ethel Tucker of Bermuda who were aunts of Edward \"Teddy\" Tucker.  They created many landscape pieces and maintained a small store on Bermuda wher they sold their works.","Artifacts include wooden and metal trinkets made by prisoners of war held in Bermuda during the Anglo-Boer war from 1899-1902, textiles, tintype photographs, and family heirloom jewelry."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"famname_ssim":["Bolton","Tucker"],"persname_ssim":["Tucker, Wendy Sue","Tucker, Teddy (Edward Bolton), 1825-2014"],"names_coll_ssim":["Tucker, Wendy Sue"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","Bolton","Tucker","Tucker, Wendy Sue","Tucker, Teddy (Edward Bolton), 1825-2014"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":514,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T23:03:33.557Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_8073_c05_c01_c44"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_4_resources_85_c06_c05_c10","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Writing Contests – Correspondence and documents in re: various writing contests in the U.S, 1990","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_4_resources_85_c06_c05_c10#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viu_repositories_4_resources_85_c06_c05_c10","ref_ssm":["viu_repositories_4_resources_85_c06_c05_c10"],"id":"viu_repositories_4_resources_85_c06_c05_c10","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_4_resources_85","_root_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_85","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_85_c06_c05","parent_ssi":"viu_repositories_4_resources_85_c06_c05","parent_ssim":["Daniel J. Meador papers, 1959/2003","Addendum to the Papers of Daniel J. Meador [e], 1976/2003","Fictional Works"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viu_repositories_4_resources_85","viu_repositories_4_resources_85_c06","viu_repositories_4_resources_85_c06_c05"],"title_filing_ssi":"Writing Contests – Correspondence and documents in re: various writing contests in the U.S","title_ssm":["Writing Contests – Correspondence and documents in re: various writing contests in the U.S"],"title_tesim":["Writing Contests – Correspondence and documents in re: various writing contests in the U.S"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Writing Contests – Correspondence and documents in re: various writing contests in the U.S, 1990"],"text":["Writing Contests – Correspondence and documents in re: various writing contests in the U.S, 1990","Daniel J. Meador papers, 1959/2003","Addendum to the Papers of Daniel J. Meador [e], 1976/2003","Fictional Works","box MSS 82-3e, Box 36"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Daniel J. Meador papers, 1959/2003","Addendum to the Papers of Daniel J. Meador [e], 1976/2003","Fictional Works"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Daniel J. Meador papers, 1959/2003","Addendum to the Papers of Daniel J. Meador [e], 1976/2003","Fictional Works"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1990"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1990"],"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"component_level_isim":[3],"sort_isi":557,"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"collection_ssim":["Daniel J. Meador papers, 1959/2003"],"containers_ssim":["box MSS 82-3e, Box 36"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"date_range_isim":[1990],"_nest_path_":"/components#5/components#4/components#9","timestamp":"2026-08-15T00:04:49.439Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_4_resources_85","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_4_resources_85","_root_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_85","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_85","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_4_resources_85.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/107311","title_ssm":["Daniel J. Meador papers"],"title_tesim":["Daniel J. Meador papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1959-2003"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1959-2003"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1959/2003"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Daniel J. Meador papers, 1959/2003"],"text":["Daniel J. Meador papers, 1959/2003","MSS.82.3","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/85","Professional, academic, and personal papers related to Daniel J. Meador's role as University of Virginia Law professor, dean of the University of Alabama Law School, his role at the Justice Department and the appellate courts, the UVA Program for Judges, UVA lectureship in Law and Religion, teaching materials, and fictional works. There is correspondence, committee files, legislative files, drafts of fictional works, academic writings, and photographs.","Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","Meador, Daniel John (1926-2013)","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Daniel J. Meador papers, 1959/2003"],"collection_ssim":["Daniel J. Meador papers, 1959/2003"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS.82.3","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/85"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS.82.3","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/85"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_ssm":["Meador, Daniel John (1926-2013)"],"creator_ssim":["Meador, Daniel John (1926-2013)"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Meador, Daniel John (1926-2013)"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections"],"creators_ssim":["Meador, Daniel John (1926-2013)","Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Professor Meador transferred  his files to the archives in 1982, 1986, 1992, 1995, and 2013."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["32 Cubic Feet 73 archival boxes, plus photographs and some oversized materials."],"extent_tesim":["32 Cubic Feet 73 archival boxes, plus photographs and some oversized materials."],"date_range_isim":[1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProfessional, academic, and personal papers related to Daniel J. Meador's role as University of Virginia Law professor, dean of the University of Alabama Law School, his role at the Justice Department and the appellate courts, the UVA Program for Judges, UVA lectureship in Law and Religion, teaching materials, and fictional works. There is correspondence, committee files, legislative files, drafts of fictional works, academic writings, and photographs.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Professional, academic, and personal papers related to Daniel J. Meador's role as University of Virginia Law professor, dean of the University of Alabama Law School, his role at the Justice Department and the appellate courts, the UVA Program for Judges, UVA lectureship in Law and Religion, teaching materials, and fictional works. There is correspondence, committee files, legislative files, drafts of fictional works, academic writings, and photographs."],"corpname_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections"],"persname_ssim":["Meador, Daniel John (1926-2013)"],"names_coll_ssim":["Meador, Daniel John (1926-2013)"],"names_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","Meador, Daniel John (1926-2013)"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":697,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-15T00:04:49.439Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_4_resources_85_c06_c05_c10"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_595_c05_c06","type":"Box","attributes":{"title":"Writing drafts, 1968/1995","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_595_c05_c06#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_595_c05_c06","ref_ssm":["viu_repositories_3_resources_595_c05_c06"],"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_595_c05_c06","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_595","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_595","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_595_c05","parent_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_595_c05","parent_ssim":["Armstead L. Robinson papers, 1848/2001, bulk 1967/1992","Writings and Publications, 1966/2001"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viu_repositories_3_resources_595","viu_repositories_3_resources_595_c05"],"title_filing_ssi":"Writing drafts","title_ssm":["Writing drafts"],"title_tesim":["Writing drafts"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Writing drafts, 1968/1995"],"text":["Writing drafts, 1968/1995","Armstead L. Robinson papers, 1848/2001, bulk 1967/1992","Writings and Publications, 1966/2001","box 38","English"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Armstead L. Robinson papers, 1848/2001, bulk 1967/1992","Writings and Publications, 1966/2001"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Armstead L. Robinson papers, 1848/2001, bulk 1967/1992","Writings and Publications, 1966/2001"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1968/1995"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1968-1995"],"level_ssm":["Box"],"level_ssim":["Box"],"component_level_isim":[2],"sort_isi":47,"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"collection_ssim":["Armstead L. Robinson papers, 1848/2001, bulk 1967/1992"],"extent_ssm":["1 Cubic Feet 1 c.f. box."],"extent_tesim":["1 Cubic Feet 1 c.f. box."],"containers_ssim":["box 38"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The collection is open for research use."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Several folders of \"Research Materials: Civil War\" in Boxes 12-14 include photocopies of materials from various research and academic institutions; researchers should note that most do not permit the reproduction of their materials held by other institutions without their express written permission."],"language_ssim":["English"],"date_range_isim":[1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995],"_nest_path_":"/components#4/components#5","timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:54:12.250Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_595","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_595","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_595","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_595","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_595.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/516","title_filing_ssi":"Robinson, Armstead L., papers","title_ssm":["Armstead L. Robinson papers"],"title_tesim":["Armstead L. Robinson papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1848-2001","1967-1992"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1848-2001"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1967-1992"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1848/2001, bulk 1967/1992"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Armstead L. Robinson papers, 1848/2001, bulk 1967/1992"],"text":["Armstead L. Robinson papers, 1848/2001, bulk 1967/1992","MSS 12836","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/595","Slave trade-United States-History","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- African Americans","Slavery--United States--History--19th Century","African Americans -- Study and teaching","African Americans -- History -- 1863-1877","Audiocassettes.","letters (correspondence)","The collection is open for research use.","Original order has been preserved as much as possible; several original boxes (Boxes 15-19 [note cards] and 26-28 [1880 census schedules]) was retained because of the size of their particular contents. Items with no ostensible order have been organized with similar materials. Folders, with some exceptions, are arranged alphabetically within each series and their contents chronologically. Throughout the collection Robinson is occasionally addressed as \"ALR,\" \"Armstead Robinson,\" \"Armstead L. Robinson,\" \"Prof. Robinson,\" \"Robbie\" or \"Robby.\" Some folders abbreviate Robinson's name as \"ALR,\" particularly in Series 5; his Bitter Fruits of Bondage folders are occasionally abbreviated as \"BFOB. The collection is arranged in six series:","Series 1: Correspondence, 1967-1995 (0.5 c.f., Box 1).  This series consists of the bulk of Robinson's general correspondence, 1967-1995, but researchers should note that other correspondence is available throughout Series 2, 3, 4 and 5. Letters of interest include a letter of Whitney Moore Young Jr. of the National Urban League, promising assistance to Robinson, August 18, 1969. Much of Robinson's 1971 correspondence, while an assistant professor of Black Studies at State University of New York at Stony Brook, consists of his research inquiries relating to Black life in Memphis, Tennessee; there are also references to an accident he suffered, December 7 and 15, 1971.  There are several interesting letters during the 1980s (however, researchers should note the absence of 1982, 1988 and 1989 letters in the general \"Correspondence\" folders), especially Robinson's letter of  resignation from the University of California at Los Angeles, May 13, 1980; many of his May 1980 letters pertain to his University of Virginia faculty appointment. Also of interest: a March 26, 1981 letter from Robinson to John Wilkinson, Alumni Affairs Development, Yale University, seeking financial assistance for the daughter of  University of Virginia faculty colleague Vivian V. Gordon; November 23, 1981, to the Rector of the Board of Visitors, Virginia Commonwealth University, expressing opposition to the proposed consolidation of its library system with the school's Visual Education Services; December 9, 1981, to the editor of The Harvard Magazine, describing Robinson's role in the establishment of a Black Studies program at Yale University; March 1984 correspondence with Molefi Kete Asante (founder of Afrocentricity and a Black Studies proponent) accusing Robinson of falsely claiming to have been founding director of the Center for Afro-American Studies at the University of California at Los Angeles.","Series 2: Academic Career, 1964-1969 (4.5 c.f., Boxes 1-5).  This series is concerned with Robinson's academic career and is divided into four subseries; there is some chronological and historical overlap among the folders.\nSubseries A: Yale University (Boxes 1-3) chiefly concerns Robinson's work with the Black Student Alliance at Yale (BSAY), its 1968 symposium \"Black Studies in the University,\" and seven audiotape reel recordings of the symposium's proceedings later transcribed, published and edited by Robinson and others as Black Studies in the University: A Symposium (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1969). Symposium participants included McGeorge Bundy; Lawrence Chisolm; Harold Cruse; Robert Dahl; Nathan Hare; Ron \"Maulana\" Karenga; Martin Kilson, Jr.; Sidney W. Mintz; Boniface I. Obichere; Donald Ogilvie; Alvin Poussaint; Edwin S. Redkey; Charles Henry Taylor, Jr.; Farris Thompson, and Gerald A. McWorter.\nSubseries B: State University of New York (Box 4) is concerned with Robinson's faculty career and early interest in Black Studies. \nSubseries C: University of California at Los Angeles and the University of Rochester, New York (Box 4)includes Robinson's UCLA class lecture notes and papers while a Rochester doctoral student. \nSubseries D: University of Virginia (Boxes 4-5)represents the longest and final phase of Robinson's academic career. Included are lecture notes, syllabi, course evaluations, and various topical and subject files including folders for colleagues Matthew W. Holden Jr., Nathan A. Scott, Jr., and Jeanne Maddox Toungara; the Carter G. Woodson Institute for Afro-American and African Studies (researchers should note that the majority of the Woodson Institute's papers, including those during Robinson's tenure, are retained there and may not yet be available for public research); the Corcoran Department of History (with correspondence and memoranda of Edward L. Ayers and Edwin E. Floyd concerning Robinson's appointment and tenure); the Venable Lane Burial Site Task Force/Catherine \"Kitty\" Foster Homesite (a university committee Robinson co-chaired); the Office of Afro-American Affairs (1986 letters to University of Virginia president Robert O'Neil in defense of OAAA dean Paul L. Puryear and critical of the handling of his resignation as dean and the controversy surrounding it), and, the transcribed remarks of  F. (Frederick) Palmer Weber (labor and civil rights activist.","Series 3: Subject and Topical Files (Boxes 5-11) consists of alphabetized subject and topical folders of select individuals followed by those of organizations and groups.  Among the prominent correspondents (Boxes 5-7): Herbert Aptheker, Ira Berlin, LaWanda F. Cox, Stanley L. Engerman, Michael W. Fitzgerald, John Hope Franklin, Eugene D. Genovese, Herbert Gutman, Stephen Hahn, Vincent Harding, Darlene Clark Hine, C. Stuart McGehee, Pauline Maier, August Meier, Nell Irvin Painter, Lewis Perry, Edwin S. Redkey, William Scarborough, Robert Brent Toplin, Edmund S. Wehrle, and C. Vann Woodward. Folders of some of  Robinson's former students are also present.","Series 4: Research Materials (Boxes 11-32)is the collection's largest series and contains research materials, 1850-1995, on the American Civil War, African-American history, Robinson's dissertation and Bitter Fruits of Bondage book, and census projects. (His extensive census research is filed at the end of this series). The majority of nineteenth century material are photocopies. Folders are arranged alphabetically, and several contain materials cited in Bitter Fruits of Bondage. Folders of interest include: \"First Africans in Virginia (Jamestown)\" (Box 11); \"Memphis Social History Project/Memphis Leadership Project\" (Robinson's letter of June 17, 1977 describes this project as having been conceived by him in 1966, while a junior at Yale, as a history of the Black community in Memphis) (Box 12); \"Research Material: Reconstruction: Black Political Leaders in Memphis, Tennessee (city directory and census data)\" (Box 14).Census materials comprise the latter part of Series IV, and at twelve boxes are the largest groups of materials in the series and the collection (Boxes 20-32).","Series 5: Writings and Publications (Boxes 32-42)the collection's second largest series, contains Robinson's writings, publications and manuscripts of his Yale honors' thesis, University of Rochester dissertation \"Day of Jubilo\" [formerly \"Cotton, Contrabands, and Mr. Lincoln's War\"], Bitter Fruits of Bondage (Boxes 32-38), articles, book reviews, public and conference lectures. These folders are arranged alphabetically by title and chronologically within title headings. Some of Robinson's manuscripts were critiqued on his behalf by colleagues and fellow historians such as Ira Berlin, Edward L. Ayers, Michael F. Holt, Michael Johnson, Julie S. Jones, Theresa M. Towner, and Bell Irvin Wiley.","Series 6: Oversize (Oversize Box U-10) is the last for the collection. Items are arranged chronologically and include: a photostatic copy of a 1863 letter from James Seddon, Confederate secretary of war, to Jefferson Davis; two pencil and ink sketches of Carter G. Woodson; a 1994 certificate declaring Robinson an honorary citizen of Natchez, Mississippi; an incomplete numbered set of \"Images of Afro-Americans of the Emancipation Era\" (Hodges Publications); University of North Carolina Department of Geography census templates and demographic maps; photostatic copies of Civil War maps from National Archives (Washington, D.C.) record group numbers 77 and 94, and speaking engagement posters.","Armstead Louis Robinson was born on April 30, 1947 in New Orleans, Louisiana, the son of Reverend Dr. DeWitt Robinson (a Lutheran clergyman) and Ruth Dickinson Robinson. He attended segregated New Orleans public schools (Trinity Lutheran Elementary and Rivers Frederick Junior High), and Hamilton High School in Memphis, Tennessee, from which he graduated with honors in 1964.","Robinson enrolled at Yale University in 1964 as one of eighteen African-American men (out of 1,061 men admitted that year) and received a bachelor's degree in History and graduated with honors and distinction in 1969 for his Scholar of the House thesis, \"In the Aftermath of Slavery: Blacks and Reconstruction in Memphis and Shelby County, Tennessee, 1865-1870.\" As a Yale student Robinson helped create an undergraduate Black Studies program culminating in a 1968 symposium, \"Black Studies in the University,\" and co-edited the conference anthology, Black Studies in the University; A Symposium (Yale University Press, 1969), one of the first books on Black Studies. This experience led to his lifelong interest in promoting Black Studies. While at Yale, Robinson began his teaching career with a lecture series on Black History for the New Haven, Connecticut public school system as well as elementary school day sessions and junior high school evening sessions during 1966-1968.","Robinson was a member of the dean's list (1967-1969), captain of Yale's ROTC Rifle Team (1966-1968), recipient of the 1968 Von Snidren Prize for book collecting, and a member of the Black Student Alliance at Yale (BSAY). As an alumnus he served on the Yale Development Board (1983-1988), the Association of Yale Alumni Board of Governors (1981-1986), and the Yale University Council (1977-1995), of which he served as president during 1981-1986. In 1987 he was the recipient of the Yale Medal for Distinguished Service, his alma mater's highest alumni honor.","Robinson briefly attended Yale Divinity School (1968-1970) before withdrawing to become a visiting professor at Southern Illinois University, in Carbondale, Illinois (1970), an assistant professor of Africana Studies at the State University of New York, SUNY-Stony Brook, and assistant professor of Africana and Afro-American Studies, SUNY Brockport (1970-1973). Later, Robinson was a visiting scholar or professor of history at the National Humanities Center (Research Triangle Park, North Carolina), Southwestern at Memphis [now Rhodes College], and Smith College, Massachusetts (Box 10), and the University of Richmond (Box 11).","It is unknown exactly when and why Robinson decided to become a Civil War historian. While an assistant history professor at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), 1973-1980), he began work on his dissertation at the University of Rochester, New York, where he was mentored by two of America's leading historians, Stanley L. Engerman and Eugene D. Genovese. Genovese was among the scholars who early recognized Robinson's talents as a historian. In his seminal study Roll, Jordan, Roll: The World The Slaves Made (1974), Genovese cited Robinson's thesis (pp. 700n26 and 725n4) as \"'In the Aftermath of Slavery: Blacks and Reconstruction in Memphis, Tennessee, 1865-1870,' unpubl. undergraduate thesis, Yale University, 1969\" (Boxes 5, 6, 15-16, 40-41).","Robinson received a Doctorate of Philosophy with Honors from the University of Rochester in 1977 for his dissertation \"Day of Jubilo: Civil War and the Demise of Slavery in the Mississippi Valley, 1861-1865.\" In 1980 he joined the University of Virginia faculty as an associate professor in the Corcoran Department of History and was also appointed the first director of the Carter G. Woodson Institute for Afro-American and African Studies; as director he was the general editor of the Carter G. Woodson Series in Black Studies published by the University Press of Virginia and retained these positions until his death. In a June 25, 1980 letter to James T. McIntosh, editor of the Papers of Jefferson Davis, Robinson noted the racial and cultural significance of his Virginia appointment: \"I am happier than I can possibly express to be able to return home to the south, particularly at UVA where I am scheduled to teach . . .  I am indeed excited about the day when a southern black can teach southern and Civil War/Reconstruction history at a major southern university\" (folder \"Papers of Jefferson Davis,\" Box 12).","He served on numerous university committees during his career. At the University of California, Los Angeles, he was a member of: the Faculty Senate (1975-1979); the American Field Written Comprehensive Examination Committee (1976-1979; chairman, 1977-1979), and, the Fellowships Committee, Center for Afro-American Studies (1975-1980; chairman, 1977-1980). While at the University of Virginia he was a member of the Faculty Steering Committee for Major in Afro-American and African Studies (1980-1995); the Faculty Senate (1981-1984; 1987-1990); the Afro-American Faculty-Staff Forum (1982-1984); the Presidential Advisory Committee on Equal Employment Opportunity and Affirmative Action (1992-1995), and co-chairman, Venable Lane Burial Site Task Force/Catherine \"Kitty\" Foster Homesite (1993-1995). Other notable committee service consisted of the Planning Committee, Booker T. Washington Commemoration, Booker T. Washington National Monument (1983-1984); the Jefferson Davis Book Award Committee (1989-1991; chairman, 1991); the Abraham Lincoln Prize National Advisory Committee (1990-1995); the Afro-American Studies Advisory Committee, Princeton University (1991-1995), and the James Monroe Papers Advisory Board at Ash Lawn-Highland (1992-1997).","Robinson received numerous awards and scholarly recognitions including the Ford Foundation Fund for Distinguished Black Scholars (1971); the UCLA Faculty Career Development Award (1979-1980); the Carter G. Woodson Award, Journal of Negro History (1981); Fellow at the National Humanities and National Research Council (1984-1985); Jefferson Davis Memorial Lecturer, Museum of the Confederacy, Richmond, Virginia (1990); William Allan Neilson Research Professor, Smith College (1991-1992); Louis P. Gottschalk Memorial Lecturer, University of Louisville (1994), and the Jessie Ball DuPont Visiting Professor, University of Richmond (1994-1995). The Virginia State Library Board of Trustees issued a 1990 resolution of thanks for his service during 1984-1989 while a member of its board of trustees, and Robinson was declared an honorary citizen of Natchez, Mississippi in 1994. He was a member of several scholarly organizations including the American Historical Association, the American Studies Association, the Association for the Study of Afro-American Life and History, the Organization of American Historians, and the Southern Historical Association.","Robinson published extensively. He co-edited Black Studies in the University: A Symposium (1969) [Boxes 1-2]; The African Religious Tradition: Historiography (Associated Publishers, 1987), and New Directions in Civil Rights Studies (University Press of Virginia, 1991). His posthumous magnum opus, Bitter Fruits of Bondage: The Demise of Slavery and the Collapse of the Confederacy, 1861-1865 (University of Virginia Press, 2005), was nationally acclaimed (Boxes 32-38). The author of several articles, essays and book reviews, Robinson's most significant articles include: \"In the Shadow of Old John Brown: Insurrection Anxiety and Confederate Mobilization, 1861-1863,\" Journal of Negro History (Fall 1980) [Box 41]; \"Beyond the Realm of Social Consensus: New Meanings of Reconstruction for American History,\" The Journal of American History (September 1981) [Box 32], and, \"Reassessing the First Reconstruction: Lost Opportunity or Tragic Era,\" Reviews in American History, (March 1978) [Box 42]. He also wrote the foreword to Calder Loth's Virginia Landmarks of Black History: Sites on the Virginia Landmarks Register and the National Register of Historic Places (University Press of Virginia, 1995) [Box 42].","Robinson married Mildred (Wigfall) Ravenell, a University of Virginia law professor, at the university's Colonnade Club in 1987. He died of complications from a brain aneurysm at the University of Virginia Medical Center, Charlottesville, on August 28, 1995, at the age of forty-eight. He was survived by his wife Mildred and their daughter Allison; his mother Ruth Robinson; his sisters DeWittress Taylor and Miriam Elmore and a brother, Llewlyn Robinson; two stepchildren, and a host of nieces, nephews and relatives. After a funeral on September 5, 1995, Robinson was interred at Cross of Cavalry Lutheran Church Cemetery in Memphis, Tennessee. A two-hour memorial \"Service of Thanksgiving,\" attended by nearly 500 colleagues, family and friends, was held on September 29, 1995 at the University of Virginia's Old Cabell Hall auditorium. The Armstead L. Robinson Fellowship Fund was established at the Carter G. Woodson Institute for Afro-American and African Studies in his memory.","The Armstead L. Robinson papers(1848-2001; 43 cubic feet) consist of audiotapes; book reviews; census material; computer printouts; conference papers; correspondence; biographical information; instructional material; lectures and speeches; manuscripts and original writings by Robinson, his colleagues and students; maps; memorabilia; microfilm; organizational and professional files; photographs; printed items, and research and topical files. Most of the nineteenth century material is in the form of photocopies.","The scope of this collection is national. Professor Robinson's papers are reflective of the life and career of a nationally active professional historian and educator. Topics of interest include: African-American history; African-American life in Memphis and Shelby County, Tennessee, 1840s-1880s; life as an African-American student at Yale University during the 1960s; the development of Black Studies during the 1960s; life as an African-American faculty member at the State University of New York (SUNY), the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), and the University of Virginia during the 1970s, 1980s and 1990s; slavery in the Confederacy; the nineteenth century American South, especially during the Civil War and Reconstruction; and the modern Civil Rights Movement. Several organizations of interest to Robinson include but are not limited to: Antioch College; Association for the Study of Negro Life and History (Association for the Study of Afro-American Life and History); the Black Student Alliance at Yale (BSAY); the Booker T. Washington National Monument; Corporate/Community Schools of America; the Martin Luther King, Jr. Memorial Center and Institute of the Black World; National Humanities Center (Research Triangle Park, North Carolina); Papers of Jefferson Davis; the University of California, Berkeley; the University of California at Los Angeles; the University of Rochester; the University of Virginia; the Virginia State Library Board, and Yale University.","Robinson corresponded with numerous fellow scholars, historians and prominent persons: Herbert Aptheker (1915-2003), historian; Molefi Kete Asante (b. 1942), founder of Afrocentricity and proponent of Black Studies; Ira Berlin (b. 1941), American historian; John B. Boles (b. 1943), historian and managing editor, Journal of Southern History; F. N. Boney, historian; Arna Wendell Bontemps (1902-1973), educator, librarian and Harlem Renaissance novelist; McGeorge Bundy (1919–1996), United States National Security Advisor and head of the Ford Foundation; Austin C. Clarke (b. 1934), Afro-Canadian novelist; John F. Cooke (president, The Disney Channel/Walt Disney Company); Emâilia Viotti da Costa, historian of Brazil; LaWanda F. Cox (1909-2005), historian; Lynda Lasswell Crist (Papers of Jefferson Davis); Merle Curti (1897-1997), American social and intellectual historian; Mary Seaton Dix (Papers of Jefferson Davis); Stanley L. Engerman (b. 1936), economic historian; Karen E. Fields, director, Frederick Douglass Institute for African and African-Americans Studies, University of Rochester; Michael W. Fitzgerald (b. 1956), historian; Harold E. Ford [Harold Eugene Ford, Sr., b.1945], U. S. congressman from Tennessee; Elizabeth Fox-Genovese (1941-2007), historian; John Hope Franklin (1915-2009), American historian; George M. Fredrickson (b. 1934), historian; Eugene D. Genovese (1930-2012), historian; Henry Louis \"Skip\" Gates Jr. (b. 1950); A. Bartlett Giamatti (1938-1989), Yale president (and later commissioner of Major League Baseball); Herbert Gutman (1928-1985), historian; Stephen Hahn (b. 1950), Faulkner scholar; Vincent Harding (b. 1931), historian; Nathan Hare (b. 1933), sociologist, psychotherapist, and a founder of the Black Studies movement; Darlene Clark Hine (b. 1947), historian; Alton Hornsby (Journal of Negro History); C. Stuart McGehee, historian; Ron \"Maulana\" Karenga (b. 1941), a leader of the Black Studies movement and founder of Kwanzaa, a cultural celebration of African-American culture and community; Lauranett Lee (later curator of African American History, Virginia Historical Society, Richmond, Virginia); James T. McIntosh (Papers of Jefferson Davis); Pauline Maier (b. 1938), professor of American History, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; August Meier (1923-2003), historian; Nell Irvin Painter (b. 1942), historian; Lewis C. Perry (b. 1938), historian and editor of The Journal of American History; Edwin S. Redkey (b. 1931), American historian; Joseph Reidy (b. 1948); Dan Roberts, University of Richmond; Leslie S. Rowland, historian; William Scarborough, historian, University of Southern Mississippi; Daryl M. Scott (later a Howard University professor of history and vice president for programs, and member of the Association for the Study of African American Life and History's executive council); Robert Brent Toplin (b. 1940), American historian; Edmund S. Wehrle, University of Connecticut; C. Vann Woodward (1908-1999), American historian; Karen L. Wysocki,  and, Whitney Moore Young Jr. (1921-1971), executive director of the National Urban League, Inc., and American civil rights leader.","As to be expected, there is correspondence with several University of Virginia colleagues: Edward L. Ayers (b. 1953), Corcoran Department of History; William A. Elwood (1932-2002), professor of English and associate dean of the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences; Edwin E. Floyd, dean of the Faculty of Arts and Sciences; Matthew Holden, Jr. (b. 1931), Henry L. and Grace M. Doherty Professor, Woodrow Wilson Department of Government and Foreign Affairs; Michael F. Holt, Corcoran Department of History; Ervin L. Jordan Jr. (b. 1954), Special Collections Department, Alderman Library; Robert O'Neil, president of the University of Virginia; Nathan Alexander Scott, Jr. (1925-2006), Commonwealth Professor of Religious Studies; Jeanne Maddox Toungara, Corcoran Department of History, and, Theresa M. Towner, Department of English.","Prominent persons mentioned in the collection include: Howard K. Beale (1897-1959), a University of North Carolina historian; Reginald Butler, Corcoran Department of History, and Robinson's successor as director of the Carter G. Woodson Institute for Afro-American and African studies; Lawrence Chisolm, historian, State University of New York at Buffalo; Robert R. Church [Robert Reed Church, Sr.] (1839-1912), business leader and the South's first African-American millionaire; Eldridge Cleaver (1935-1998), a founder of the Black Panther Party; Harold Cruse (1916-2005), historian and proponent of Black Studies; Philip D. Curtin (b. 1922), historian; Robert Dahl (b. 1915), Yale political scientist; St. Clair Drake (1911-1990), sociologist, anthropologist and educator; Alex Dupuy, historian of Haiti; Drew Gilpin Faust (b. 1947), American historian; Robert W. Fogel (b. 1926), American historian; Vivian V. Gordon (1934-1995), sociologist; Martin Kilson, Jr., political scientist, Harvard University; James Armistead Lafayette (1760-1832), African-American slave and spy; Alan Lomax (1915-2002), folklorist and musicologist; Gerald A. McWorter, political scientist, Spelman College, and a founder of the Black Studies movement; Sidney W. Mintz (b. 1922), anthropologist; Boniface I. Obichere (1933-1997), historian; Donald Ogilvie (Yale student); Dorothy B. Porter [Dorothy Porter Wesley]; Alvin Poussaint (b. 1934), psychiatrist; Paul L. Puryear (1930-2010), dean of the Office of Afro-American Affairs, University of Virginia; John T. Schlotterbeck (b. 1948), historian; Henry Taylor, Jr. (b. 1928), educator and psychoanalyst; William Shockley (1910-1989), American physicist and eugenicist; F. (Frederick) Palmer Weber (1914-1986), labor and civil rights activist; Charles Harris Wesley (1891-1987), an African-American historian; Bell Irwin Wiley (1906-1980), American Civil War historian; Carter G. Woodson (1875-1950), \"the Father of Negro History,\" and George Carlton Wright, vice provost of the University of Texas at Austin.","The collection has been organized into six series: Corespondence, Academic Career, Topical Files, Research Materials, Writings and Publications, and Oversize materails.","Several folders of \"Research Materials: Civil War\" in Boxes 12-14 include photocopies of materials from various research and academic institutions; researchers should note that most do not permit the reproduction of their materials held by other institutions without their express written permission.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Robinson, Armstead L., 1947-1995","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Armstead L. Robinson papers, 1848/2001, bulk 1967/1992"],"collection_ssim":["Armstead L. Robinson papers, 1848/2001, bulk 1967/1992"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["File","Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 12836","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/595"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 12836","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/595"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"geogname_ssm":["Slave trade-United States-History","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- African Americans"],"geogname_ssim":["Slave trade-United States-History","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- African Americans"],"places_ssim":["Slave trade-United States-History","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- African Americans"],"creator_ssm":["Robinson, Armstead L., 1947-1995"],"creator_ssim":["Robinson, Armstead L., 1947-1995"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Robinson, Armstead L., 1947-1995"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"creators_ssim":["Robinson, Armstead L., 1947-1995","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"access_terms_ssm":["Several folders of \"Research Materials: Civil War\" in Boxes 12-14 include photocopies of materials from various research and academic institutions; researchers should note that most do not permit the reproduction of their materials held by other institutions without their express written permission."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donated by Prof. Mildred W. Robinson, 12 June 2003;  \nTransfer by University of Virginia Press acquisitions editor Richard K. Holway, 9 August 2005; Tranfer by Carter G. Woodson Institute for Afro-American and African Studies, 2 October 2008."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Slavery--United States--History--19th Century","African Americans -- Study and teaching","African Americans -- History -- 1863-1877","Audiocassettes.","letters (correspondence)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Slavery--United States--History--19th Century","African Americans -- Study and teaching","African Americans -- History -- 1863-1877","Audiocassettes.","letters (correspondence)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["38 Cubic Feet 34 cubic boxes, 5 card file boxes, 3 clamshell boxes, and 1 oversize box"],"extent_tesim":["38 Cubic Feet 34 cubic boxes, 5 card file boxes, 3 clamshell boxes, and 1 oversize box"],"genreform_ssim":["Audiocassettes.","letters (correspondence)"],"date_range_isim":[1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research use."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOriginal order has been preserved as much as possible; several original boxes (Boxes 15-19 [note cards] and 26-28 [1880 census schedules]) was retained because of the size of their particular contents. Items with no ostensible order have been organized with similar materials. Folders, with some exceptions, are arranged alphabetically within each series and their contents chronologically. Throughout the collection Robinson is occasionally addressed as \"ALR,\" \"Armstead Robinson,\" \"Armstead L. Robinson,\" \"Prof. Robinson,\" \"Robbie\" or \"Robby.\" Some folders abbreviate Robinson's name as \"ALR,\" particularly in Series 5; his Bitter Fruits of Bondage folders are occasionally abbreviated as \"BFOB. The collection is arranged in six series:\u003c/p\u003e \n    \n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1: Correspondence, 1967-1995 (0.5 c.f., Box 1).  This series consists of the bulk of Robinson's general correspondence, 1967-1995, but researchers should note that other correspondence is available throughout Series 2, 3, 4 and 5. Letters of interest include a letter of Whitney Moore Young Jr. of the National Urban League, promising assistance to Robinson, August 18, 1969. Much of Robinson's 1971 correspondence, while an assistant professor of Black Studies at State University of New York at Stony Brook, consists of his research inquiries relating to Black life in Memphis, Tennessee; there are also references to an accident he suffered, December 7 and 15, 1971.  There are several interesting letters during the 1980s (however, researchers should note the absence of 1982, 1988 and 1989 letters in the general \"Correspondence\" folders), especially Robinson's letter of  resignation from the University of California at Los Angeles, May 13, 1980; many of his May 1980 letters pertain to his University of Virginia faculty appointment. Also of interest: a March 26, 1981 letter from Robinson to John Wilkinson, Alumni Affairs Development, Yale University, seeking financial assistance for the daughter of  University of Virginia faculty colleague Vivian V. Gordon; November 23, 1981, to the Rector of the Board of Visitors, Virginia Commonwealth University, expressing opposition to the proposed consolidation of its library system with the school's Visual Education Services; December 9, 1981, to the editor of The Harvard Magazine, describing Robinson's role in the establishment of a Black Studies program at Yale University; March 1984 correspondence with Molefi Kete Asante (founder of Afrocentricity and a Black Studies proponent) accusing Robinson of falsely claiming to have been founding director of the Center for Afro-American Studies at the University of California at Los Angeles.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2: Academic Career, 1964-1969 (4.5 c.f., Boxes 1-5).  This series is concerned with Robinson's academic career and is divided into four subseries; there is some chronological and historical overlap among the folders.\nSubseries A: Yale University (Boxes 1-3) chiefly concerns Robinson's work with the Black Student Alliance at Yale (BSAY), its 1968 symposium \"Black Studies in the University,\" and seven audiotape reel recordings of the symposium's proceedings later transcribed, published and edited by Robinson and others as Black Studies in the University: A Symposium (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1969). Symposium participants included McGeorge Bundy; Lawrence Chisolm; Harold Cruse; Robert Dahl; Nathan Hare; Ron \"Maulana\" Karenga; Martin Kilson, Jr.; Sidney W. Mintz; Boniface I. Obichere; Donald Ogilvie; Alvin Poussaint; Edwin S. Redkey; Charles Henry Taylor, Jr.; Farris Thompson, and Gerald A. McWorter.\nSubseries B: State University of New York (Box 4) is concerned with Robinson's faculty career and early interest in Black Studies. \nSubseries C: University of California at Los Angeles and the University of Rochester, New York (Box 4)includes Robinson's UCLA class lecture notes and papers while a Rochester doctoral student. \nSubseries D: University of Virginia (Boxes 4-5)represents the longest and final phase of Robinson's academic career. Included are lecture notes, syllabi, course evaluations, and various topical and subject files including folders for colleagues Matthew W. Holden Jr., Nathan A. Scott, Jr., and Jeanne Maddox Toungara; the Carter G. Woodson Institute for Afro-American and African Studies (researchers should note that the majority of the Woodson Institute's papers, including those during Robinson's tenure, are retained there and may not yet be available for public research); the Corcoran Department of History (with correspondence and memoranda of Edward L. Ayers and Edwin E. Floyd concerning Robinson's appointment and tenure); the Venable Lane Burial Site Task Force/Catherine \"Kitty\" Foster Homesite (a university committee Robinson co-chaired); the Office of Afro-American Affairs (1986 letters to University of Virginia president Robert O'Neil in defense of OAAA dean Paul L. Puryear and critical of the handling of his resignation as dean and the controversy surrounding it), and, the transcribed remarks of  F. (Frederick) Palmer Weber (labor and civil rights activist.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 3: Subject and Topical Files (Boxes 5-11) consists of alphabetized subject and topical folders of select individuals followed by those of organizations and groups.  Among the prominent correspondents (Boxes 5-7): Herbert Aptheker, Ira Berlin, LaWanda F. Cox, Stanley L. Engerman, Michael W. Fitzgerald, John Hope Franklin, Eugene D. Genovese, Herbert Gutman, Stephen Hahn, Vincent Harding, Darlene Clark Hine, C. Stuart McGehee, Pauline Maier, August Meier, Nell Irvin Painter, Lewis Perry, Edwin S. Redkey, William Scarborough, Robert Brent Toplin, Edmund S. Wehrle, and C. Vann Woodward. Folders of some of  Robinson's former students are also present.\n  \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 4: Research Materials (Boxes 11-32)is the collection's largest series and contains research materials, 1850-1995, on the American Civil War, African-American history, Robinson's dissertation and Bitter Fruits of Bondage book, and census projects. (His extensive census research is filed at the end of this series). The majority of nineteenth century material are photocopies. Folders are arranged alphabetically, and several contain materials cited in Bitter Fruits of Bondage. Folders of interest include: \"First Africans in Virginia (Jamestown)\" (Box 11); \"Memphis Social History Project/Memphis Leadership Project\" (Robinson's letter of June 17, 1977 describes this project as having been conceived by him in 1966, while a junior at Yale, as a history of the Black community in Memphis) (Box 12); \"Research Material: Reconstruction: Black Political Leaders in Memphis, Tennessee (city directory and census data)\" (Box 14).Census materials comprise the latter part of Series IV, and at twelve boxes are the largest groups of materials in the series and the collection (Boxes 20-32).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 5: Writings and Publications (Boxes 32-42)the collection's second largest series, contains Robinson's writings, publications and manuscripts of his Yale honors' thesis, University of Rochester dissertation \"Day of Jubilo\" [formerly \"Cotton, Contrabands, and Mr. Lincoln's War\"], Bitter Fruits of Bondage (Boxes 32-38), articles, book reviews, public and conference lectures. These folders are arranged alphabetically by title and chronologically within title headings. Some of Robinson's manuscripts were critiqued on his behalf by colleagues and fellow historians such as Ira Berlin, Edward L. Ayers, Michael F. Holt, Michael Johnson, Julie S. Jones, Theresa M. Towner, and Bell Irvin Wiley.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 6: Oversize (Oversize Box U-10) is the last for the collection. Items are arranged chronologically and include: a photostatic copy of a 1863 letter from James Seddon, Confederate secretary of war, to Jefferson Davis; two pencil and ink sketches of Carter G. Woodson; a 1994 certificate declaring Robinson an honorary citizen of Natchez, Mississippi; an incomplete numbered set of \"Images of Afro-Americans of the Emancipation Era\" (Hodges Publications); University of North Carolina Department of Geography census templates and demographic maps; photostatic copies of Civil War maps from National Archives (Washington, D.C.) record group numbers 77 and 94, and speaking engagement posters.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Original order has been preserved as much as possible; several original boxes (Boxes 15-19 [note cards] and 26-28 [1880 census schedules]) was retained because of the size of their particular contents. Items with no ostensible order have been organized with similar materials. Folders, with some exceptions, are arranged alphabetically within each series and their contents chronologically. Throughout the collection Robinson is occasionally addressed as \"ALR,\" \"Armstead Robinson,\" \"Armstead L. Robinson,\" \"Prof. Robinson,\" \"Robbie\" or \"Robby.\" Some folders abbreviate Robinson's name as \"ALR,\" particularly in Series 5; his Bitter Fruits of Bondage folders are occasionally abbreviated as \"BFOB. The collection is arranged in six series:","Series 1: Correspondence, 1967-1995 (0.5 c.f., Box 1).  This series consists of the bulk of Robinson's general correspondence, 1967-1995, but researchers should note that other correspondence is available throughout Series 2, 3, 4 and 5. Letters of interest include a letter of Whitney Moore Young Jr. of the National Urban League, promising assistance to Robinson, August 18, 1969. Much of Robinson's 1971 correspondence, while an assistant professor of Black Studies at State University of New York at Stony Brook, consists of his research inquiries relating to Black life in Memphis, Tennessee; there are also references to an accident he suffered, December 7 and 15, 1971.  There are several interesting letters during the 1980s (however, researchers should note the absence of 1982, 1988 and 1989 letters in the general \"Correspondence\" folders), especially Robinson's letter of  resignation from the University of California at Los Angeles, May 13, 1980; many of his May 1980 letters pertain to his University of Virginia faculty appointment. Also of interest: a March 26, 1981 letter from Robinson to John Wilkinson, Alumni Affairs Development, Yale University, seeking financial assistance for the daughter of  University of Virginia faculty colleague Vivian V. Gordon; November 23, 1981, to the Rector of the Board of Visitors, Virginia Commonwealth University, expressing opposition to the proposed consolidation of its library system with the school's Visual Education Services; December 9, 1981, to the editor of The Harvard Magazine, describing Robinson's role in the establishment of a Black Studies program at Yale University; March 1984 correspondence with Molefi Kete Asante (founder of Afrocentricity and a Black Studies proponent) accusing Robinson of falsely claiming to have been founding director of the Center for Afro-American Studies at the University of California at Los Angeles.","Series 2: Academic Career, 1964-1969 (4.5 c.f., Boxes 1-5).  This series is concerned with Robinson's academic career and is divided into four subseries; there is some chronological and historical overlap among the folders.\nSubseries A: Yale University (Boxes 1-3) chiefly concerns Robinson's work with the Black Student Alliance at Yale (BSAY), its 1968 symposium \"Black Studies in the University,\" and seven audiotape reel recordings of the symposium's proceedings later transcribed, published and edited by Robinson and others as Black Studies in the University: A Symposium (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1969). Symposium participants included McGeorge Bundy; Lawrence Chisolm; Harold Cruse; Robert Dahl; Nathan Hare; Ron \"Maulana\" Karenga; Martin Kilson, Jr.; Sidney W. Mintz; Boniface I. Obichere; Donald Ogilvie; Alvin Poussaint; Edwin S. Redkey; Charles Henry Taylor, Jr.; Farris Thompson, and Gerald A. McWorter.\nSubseries B: State University of New York (Box 4) is concerned with Robinson's faculty career and early interest in Black Studies. \nSubseries C: University of California at Los Angeles and the University of Rochester, New York (Box 4)includes Robinson's UCLA class lecture notes and papers while a Rochester doctoral student. \nSubseries D: University of Virginia (Boxes 4-5)represents the longest and final phase of Robinson's academic career. Included are lecture notes, syllabi, course evaluations, and various topical and subject files including folders for colleagues Matthew W. Holden Jr., Nathan A. Scott, Jr., and Jeanne Maddox Toungara; the Carter G. Woodson Institute for Afro-American and African Studies (researchers should note that the majority of the Woodson Institute's papers, including those during Robinson's tenure, are retained there and may not yet be available for public research); the Corcoran Department of History (with correspondence and memoranda of Edward L. Ayers and Edwin E. Floyd concerning Robinson's appointment and tenure); the Venable Lane Burial Site Task Force/Catherine \"Kitty\" Foster Homesite (a university committee Robinson co-chaired); the Office of Afro-American Affairs (1986 letters to University of Virginia president Robert O'Neil in defense of OAAA dean Paul L. Puryear and critical of the handling of his resignation as dean and the controversy surrounding it), and, the transcribed remarks of  F. (Frederick) Palmer Weber (labor and civil rights activist.","Series 3: Subject and Topical Files (Boxes 5-11) consists of alphabetized subject and topical folders of select individuals followed by those of organizations and groups.  Among the prominent correspondents (Boxes 5-7): Herbert Aptheker, Ira Berlin, LaWanda F. Cox, Stanley L. Engerman, Michael W. Fitzgerald, John Hope Franklin, Eugene D. Genovese, Herbert Gutman, Stephen Hahn, Vincent Harding, Darlene Clark Hine, C. Stuart McGehee, Pauline Maier, August Meier, Nell Irvin Painter, Lewis Perry, Edwin S. Redkey, William Scarborough, Robert Brent Toplin, Edmund S. Wehrle, and C. Vann Woodward. Folders of some of  Robinson's former students are also present.","Series 4: Research Materials (Boxes 11-32)is the collection's largest series and contains research materials, 1850-1995, on the American Civil War, African-American history, Robinson's dissertation and Bitter Fruits of Bondage book, and census projects. (His extensive census research is filed at the end of this series). The majority of nineteenth century material are photocopies. Folders are arranged alphabetically, and several contain materials cited in Bitter Fruits of Bondage. Folders of interest include: \"First Africans in Virginia (Jamestown)\" (Box 11); \"Memphis Social History Project/Memphis Leadership Project\" (Robinson's letter of June 17, 1977 describes this project as having been conceived by him in 1966, while a junior at Yale, as a history of the Black community in Memphis) (Box 12); \"Research Material: Reconstruction: Black Political Leaders in Memphis, Tennessee (city directory and census data)\" (Box 14).Census materials comprise the latter part of Series IV, and at twelve boxes are the largest groups of materials in the series and the collection (Boxes 20-32).","Series 5: Writings and Publications (Boxes 32-42)the collection's second largest series, contains Robinson's writings, publications and manuscripts of his Yale honors' thesis, University of Rochester dissertation \"Day of Jubilo\" [formerly \"Cotton, Contrabands, and Mr. Lincoln's War\"], Bitter Fruits of Bondage (Boxes 32-38), articles, book reviews, public and conference lectures. These folders are arranged alphabetically by title and chronologically within title headings. Some of Robinson's manuscripts were critiqued on his behalf by colleagues and fellow historians such as Ira Berlin, Edward L. Ayers, Michael F. Holt, Michael Johnson, Julie S. Jones, Theresa M. Towner, and Bell Irvin Wiley.","Series 6: Oversize (Oversize Box U-10) is the last for the collection. Items are arranged chronologically and include: a photostatic copy of a 1863 letter from James Seddon, Confederate secretary of war, to Jefferson Davis; two pencil and ink sketches of Carter G. Woodson; a 1994 certificate declaring Robinson an honorary citizen of Natchez, Mississippi; an incomplete numbered set of \"Images of Afro-Americans of the Emancipation Era\" (Hodges Publications); University of North Carolina Department of Geography census templates and demographic maps; photostatic copies of Civil War maps from National Archives (Washington, D.C.) record group numbers 77 and 94, and speaking engagement posters."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eArmstead Louis Robinson was born on April 30, 1947 in New Orleans, Louisiana, the son of Reverend Dr. DeWitt Robinson (a Lutheran clergyman) and Ruth Dickinson Robinson. He attended segregated New Orleans public schools (Trinity Lutheran Elementary and Rivers Frederick Junior High), and Hamilton High School in Memphis, Tennessee, from which he graduated with honors in 1964.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n","\u003cp\u003eRobinson enrolled at Yale University in 1964 as one of eighteen African-American men (out of 1,061 men admitted that year) and received a bachelor's degree in History and graduated with honors and distinction in 1969 for his Scholar of the House thesis, \"In the Aftermath of Slavery: Blacks and Reconstruction in Memphis and Shelby County, Tennessee, 1865-1870.\" As a Yale student Robinson helped create an undergraduate Black Studies program culminating in a 1968 symposium, \"Black Studies in the University,\" and co-edited the conference anthology, Black Studies in the University; A Symposium (Yale University Press, 1969), one of the first books on Black Studies. This experience led to his lifelong interest in promoting Black Studies. While at Yale, Robinson began his teaching career with a lecture series on Black History for the New Haven, Connecticut public school system as well as elementary school day sessions and junior high school evening sessions during 1966-1968.\u003c/p\u003e\n    \n\n","\u003cp\u003eRobinson was a member of the dean's list (1967-1969), captain of Yale's ROTC Rifle Team (1966-1968), recipient of the 1968 Von Snidren Prize for book collecting, and a member of the Black Student Alliance at Yale (BSAY). As an alumnus he served on the Yale Development Board (1983-1988), the Association of Yale Alumni Board of Governors (1981-1986), and the Yale University Council (1977-1995), of which he served as president during 1981-1986. In 1987 he was the recipient of the Yale Medal for Distinguished Service, his alma mater's highest alumni honor. \u003c/p\u003e\n    \n\n","\u003cp\u003eRobinson briefly attended Yale Divinity School (1968-1970) before withdrawing to become a visiting professor at Southern Illinois University, in Carbondale, Illinois (1970), an assistant professor of Africana Studies at the State University of New York, SUNY-Stony Brook, and assistant professor of Africana and Afro-American Studies, SUNY Brockport (1970-1973). Later, Robinson was a visiting scholar or professor of history at the National Humanities Center (Research Triangle Park, North Carolina), Southwestern at Memphis [now Rhodes College], and Smith College, Massachusetts (Box 10), and the University of Richmond (Box 11).\u003c/p\u003e\n    \n\n","\u003cp\u003eIt is unknown exactly when and why Robinson decided to become a Civil War historian. While an assistant history professor at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), 1973-1980), he began work on his dissertation at the University of Rochester, New York, where he was mentored by two of America's leading historians, Stanley L. Engerman and Eugene D. Genovese. Genovese was among the scholars who early recognized Robinson's talents as a historian. In his seminal study Roll, Jordan, Roll: The World The Slaves Made (1974), Genovese cited Robinson's thesis (pp. 700n26 and 725n4) as \"'In the Aftermath of Slavery: Blacks and Reconstruction in Memphis, Tennessee, 1865-1870,' unpubl. undergraduate thesis, Yale University, 1969\" (Boxes 5, 6, 15-16, 40-41). \u003c/p\u003e\n    \n\n","\u003cp\u003eRobinson received a Doctorate of Philosophy with Honors from the University of Rochester in 1977 for his dissertation \"Day of Jubilo: Civil War and the Demise of Slavery in the Mississippi Valley, 1861-1865.\" In 1980 he joined the University of Virginia faculty as an associate professor in the Corcoran Department of History and was also appointed the first director of the Carter G. Woodson Institute for Afro-American and African Studies; as director he was the general editor of the Carter G. Woodson Series in Black Studies published by the University Press of Virginia and retained these positions until his death. In a June 25, 1980 letter to James T. McIntosh, editor of the Papers of Jefferson Davis, Robinson noted the racial and cultural significance of his Virginia appointment: \"I am happier than I can possibly express to be able to return home to the south, particularly at UVA where I am scheduled to teach . . .  I am indeed excited about the day when a southern black can teach southern and Civil War/Reconstruction history at a major southern university\" (folder \"Papers of Jefferson Davis,\" Box 12). \u003c/p\u003e  \n    \n\n","\u003cp\u003eHe served on numerous university committees during his career. At the University of California, Los Angeles, he was a member of: the Faculty Senate (1975-1979); the American Field Written Comprehensive Examination Committee (1976-1979; chairman, 1977-1979), and, the Fellowships Committee, Center for Afro-American Studies (1975-1980; chairman, 1977-1980). While at the University of Virginia he was a member of the Faculty Steering Committee for Major in Afro-American and African Studies (1980-1995); the Faculty Senate (1981-1984; 1987-1990); the Afro-American Faculty-Staff Forum (1982-1984); the Presidential Advisory Committee on Equal Employment Opportunity and Affirmative Action (1992-1995), and co-chairman, Venable Lane Burial Site Task Force/Catherine \"Kitty\" Foster Homesite (1993-1995). Other notable committee service consisted of the Planning Committee, Booker T. Washington Commemoration, Booker T. Washington National Monument (1983-1984); the Jefferson Davis Book Award Committee (1989-1991; chairman, 1991); the Abraham Lincoln Prize National Advisory Committee (1990-1995); the Afro-American Studies Advisory Committee, Princeton University (1991-1995), and the James Monroe Papers Advisory Board at Ash Lawn-Highland (1992-1997).\u003c/p\u003e\n    \n\n","\u003cp\u003eRobinson received numerous awards and scholarly recognitions including the Ford Foundation Fund for Distinguished Black Scholars (1971); the UCLA Faculty Career Development Award (1979-1980); the Carter G. Woodson Award, Journal of Negro History (1981); Fellow at the National Humanities and National Research Council (1984-1985); Jefferson Davis Memorial Lecturer, Museum of the Confederacy, Richmond, Virginia (1990); William Allan Neilson Research Professor, Smith College (1991-1992); Louis P. Gottschalk Memorial Lecturer, University of Louisville (1994), and the Jessie Ball DuPont Visiting Professor, University of Richmond (1994-1995). The Virginia State Library Board of Trustees issued a 1990 resolution of thanks for his service during 1984-1989 while a member of its board of trustees, and Robinson was declared an honorary citizen of Natchez, Mississippi in 1994. He was a member of several scholarly organizations including the American Historical Association, the American Studies Association, the Association for the Study of Afro-American Life and History, the Organization of American Historians, and the Southern Historical Association.\u003c/p\u003e\n    \n\n","\u003cp\u003eRobinson published extensively. He co-edited Black Studies in the University: A Symposium (1969) [Boxes 1-2]; The African Religious Tradition: Historiography (Associated Publishers, 1987), and New Directions in Civil Rights Studies (University Press of Virginia, 1991). His posthumous magnum opus, Bitter Fruits of Bondage: The Demise of Slavery and the Collapse of the Confederacy, 1861-1865 (University of Virginia Press, 2005), was nationally acclaimed (Boxes 32-38). The author of several articles, essays and book reviews, Robinson's most significant articles include: \"In the Shadow of Old John Brown: Insurrection Anxiety and Confederate Mobilization, 1861-1863,\" Journal of Negro History (Fall 1980) [Box 41]; \"Beyond the Realm of Social Consensus: New Meanings of Reconstruction for American History,\" The Journal of American History (September 1981) [Box 32], and, \"Reassessing the First Reconstruction: Lost Opportunity or Tragic Era,\" Reviews in American History, (March 1978) [Box 42]. He also wrote the foreword to Calder Loth's Virginia Landmarks of Black History: Sites on the Virginia Landmarks Register and the National Register of Historic Places (University Press of Virginia, 1995) [Box 42].\u003c/p\u003e\n    \n\n","\u003cp\u003eRobinson married Mildred (Wigfall) Ravenell, a University of Virginia law professor, at the university's Colonnade Club in 1987. He died of complications from a brain aneurysm at the University of Virginia Medical Center, Charlottesville, on August 28, 1995, at the age of forty-eight. He was survived by his wife Mildred and their daughter Allison; his mother Ruth Robinson; his sisters DeWittress Taylor and Miriam Elmore and a brother, Llewlyn Robinson; two stepchildren, and a host of nieces, nephews and relatives. After a funeral on September 5, 1995, Robinson was interred at Cross of Cavalry Lutheran Church Cemetery in Memphis, Tennessee. A two-hour memorial \"Service of Thanksgiving,\" attended by nearly 500 colleagues, family and friends, was held on September 29, 1995 at the University of Virginia's Old Cabell Hall auditorium. The Armstead L. Robinson Fellowship Fund was established at the Carter G. Woodson Institute for Afro-American and African Studies in his memory.\u003c/p\u003e\n  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Armstead Louis Robinson was born on April 30, 1947 in New Orleans, Louisiana, the son of Reverend Dr. DeWitt Robinson (a Lutheran clergyman) and Ruth Dickinson Robinson. He attended segregated New Orleans public schools (Trinity Lutheran Elementary and Rivers Frederick Junior High), and Hamilton High School in Memphis, Tennessee, from which he graduated with honors in 1964.","Robinson enrolled at Yale University in 1964 as one of eighteen African-American men (out of 1,061 men admitted that year) and received a bachelor's degree in History and graduated with honors and distinction in 1969 for his Scholar of the House thesis, \"In the Aftermath of Slavery: Blacks and Reconstruction in Memphis and Shelby County, Tennessee, 1865-1870.\" As a Yale student Robinson helped create an undergraduate Black Studies program culminating in a 1968 symposium, \"Black Studies in the University,\" and co-edited the conference anthology, Black Studies in the University; A Symposium (Yale University Press, 1969), one of the first books on Black Studies. This experience led to his lifelong interest in promoting Black Studies. While at Yale, Robinson began his teaching career with a lecture series on Black History for the New Haven, Connecticut public school system as well as elementary school day sessions and junior high school evening sessions during 1966-1968.","Robinson was a member of the dean's list (1967-1969), captain of Yale's ROTC Rifle Team (1966-1968), recipient of the 1968 Von Snidren Prize for book collecting, and a member of the Black Student Alliance at Yale (BSAY). As an alumnus he served on the Yale Development Board (1983-1988), the Association of Yale Alumni Board of Governors (1981-1986), and the Yale University Council (1977-1995), of which he served as president during 1981-1986. In 1987 he was the recipient of the Yale Medal for Distinguished Service, his alma mater's highest alumni honor.","Robinson briefly attended Yale Divinity School (1968-1970) before withdrawing to become a visiting professor at Southern Illinois University, in Carbondale, Illinois (1970), an assistant professor of Africana Studies at the State University of New York, SUNY-Stony Brook, and assistant professor of Africana and Afro-American Studies, SUNY Brockport (1970-1973). Later, Robinson was a visiting scholar or professor of history at the National Humanities Center (Research Triangle Park, North Carolina), Southwestern at Memphis [now Rhodes College], and Smith College, Massachusetts (Box 10), and the University of Richmond (Box 11).","It is unknown exactly when and why Robinson decided to become a Civil War historian. While an assistant history professor at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), 1973-1980), he began work on his dissertation at the University of Rochester, New York, where he was mentored by two of America's leading historians, Stanley L. Engerman and Eugene D. Genovese. Genovese was among the scholars who early recognized Robinson's talents as a historian. In his seminal study Roll, Jordan, Roll: The World The Slaves Made (1974), Genovese cited Robinson's thesis (pp. 700n26 and 725n4) as \"'In the Aftermath of Slavery: Blacks and Reconstruction in Memphis, Tennessee, 1865-1870,' unpubl. undergraduate thesis, Yale University, 1969\" (Boxes 5, 6, 15-16, 40-41).","Robinson received a Doctorate of Philosophy with Honors from the University of Rochester in 1977 for his dissertation \"Day of Jubilo: Civil War and the Demise of Slavery in the Mississippi Valley, 1861-1865.\" In 1980 he joined the University of Virginia faculty as an associate professor in the Corcoran Department of History and was also appointed the first director of the Carter G. Woodson Institute for Afro-American and African Studies; as director he was the general editor of the Carter G. Woodson Series in Black Studies published by the University Press of Virginia and retained these positions until his death. In a June 25, 1980 letter to James T. McIntosh, editor of the Papers of Jefferson Davis, Robinson noted the racial and cultural significance of his Virginia appointment: \"I am happier than I can possibly express to be able to return home to the south, particularly at UVA where I am scheduled to teach . . .  I am indeed excited about the day when a southern black can teach southern and Civil War/Reconstruction history at a major southern university\" (folder \"Papers of Jefferson Davis,\" Box 12).","He served on numerous university committees during his career. At the University of California, Los Angeles, he was a member of: the Faculty Senate (1975-1979); the American Field Written Comprehensive Examination Committee (1976-1979; chairman, 1977-1979), and, the Fellowships Committee, Center for Afro-American Studies (1975-1980; chairman, 1977-1980). While at the University of Virginia he was a member of the Faculty Steering Committee for Major in Afro-American and African Studies (1980-1995); the Faculty Senate (1981-1984; 1987-1990); the Afro-American Faculty-Staff Forum (1982-1984); the Presidential Advisory Committee on Equal Employment Opportunity and Affirmative Action (1992-1995), and co-chairman, Venable Lane Burial Site Task Force/Catherine \"Kitty\" Foster Homesite (1993-1995). Other notable committee service consisted of the Planning Committee, Booker T. Washington Commemoration, Booker T. Washington National Monument (1983-1984); the Jefferson Davis Book Award Committee (1989-1991; chairman, 1991); the Abraham Lincoln Prize National Advisory Committee (1990-1995); the Afro-American Studies Advisory Committee, Princeton University (1991-1995), and the James Monroe Papers Advisory Board at Ash Lawn-Highland (1992-1997).","Robinson received numerous awards and scholarly recognitions including the Ford Foundation Fund for Distinguished Black Scholars (1971); the UCLA Faculty Career Development Award (1979-1980); the Carter G. Woodson Award, Journal of Negro History (1981); Fellow at the National Humanities and National Research Council (1984-1985); Jefferson Davis Memorial Lecturer, Museum of the Confederacy, Richmond, Virginia (1990); William Allan Neilson Research Professor, Smith College (1991-1992); Louis P. Gottschalk Memorial Lecturer, University of Louisville (1994), and the Jessie Ball DuPont Visiting Professor, University of Richmond (1994-1995). The Virginia State Library Board of Trustees issued a 1990 resolution of thanks for his service during 1984-1989 while a member of its board of trustees, and Robinson was declared an honorary citizen of Natchez, Mississippi in 1994. He was a member of several scholarly organizations including the American Historical Association, the American Studies Association, the Association for the Study of Afro-American Life and History, the Organization of American Historians, and the Southern Historical Association.","Robinson published extensively. He co-edited Black Studies in the University: A Symposium (1969) [Boxes 1-2]; The African Religious Tradition: Historiography (Associated Publishers, 1987), and New Directions in Civil Rights Studies (University Press of Virginia, 1991). His posthumous magnum opus, Bitter Fruits of Bondage: The Demise of Slavery and the Collapse of the Confederacy, 1861-1865 (University of Virginia Press, 2005), was nationally acclaimed (Boxes 32-38). The author of several articles, essays and book reviews, Robinson's most significant articles include: \"In the Shadow of Old John Brown: Insurrection Anxiety and Confederate Mobilization, 1861-1863,\" Journal of Negro History (Fall 1980) [Box 41]; \"Beyond the Realm of Social Consensus: New Meanings of Reconstruction for American History,\" The Journal of American History (September 1981) [Box 32], and, \"Reassessing the First Reconstruction: Lost Opportunity or Tragic Era,\" Reviews in American History, (March 1978) [Box 42]. He also wrote the foreword to Calder Loth's Virginia Landmarks of Black History: Sites on the Virginia Landmarks Register and the National Register of Historic Places (University Press of Virginia, 1995) [Box 42].","Robinson married Mildred (Wigfall) Ravenell, a University of Virginia law professor, at the university's Colonnade Club in 1987. He died of complications from a brain aneurysm at the University of Virginia Medical Center, Charlottesville, on August 28, 1995, at the age of forty-eight. He was survived by his wife Mildred and their daughter Allison; his mother Ruth Robinson; his sisters DeWittress Taylor and Miriam Elmore and a brother, Llewlyn Robinson; two stepchildren, and a host of nieces, nephews and relatives. After a funeral on September 5, 1995, Robinson was interred at Cross of Cavalry Lutheran Church Cemetery in Memphis, Tennessee. A two-hour memorial \"Service of Thanksgiving,\" attended by nearly 500 colleagues, family and friends, was held on September 29, 1995 at the University of Virginia's Old Cabell Hall auditorium. The Armstead L. Robinson Fellowship Fund was established at the Carter G. Woodson Institute for Afro-American and African Studies in his memory."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 12836, Armstead Robinson Papers, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 12836, Armstead Robinson Papers, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Armstead L. Robinson papers(1848-2001; 43 cubic feet) consist of audiotapes; book reviews; census material; computer printouts; conference papers; correspondence; biographical information; instructional material; lectures and speeches; manuscripts and original writings by Robinson, his colleagues and students; maps; memorabilia; microfilm; organizational and professional files; photographs; printed items, and research and topical files. Most of the nineteenth century material is in the form of photocopies.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n","\u003cp\u003eThe scope of this collection is national. Professor Robinson's papers are reflective of the life and career of a nationally active professional historian and educator. Topics of interest include: African-American history; African-American life in Memphis and Shelby County, Tennessee, 1840s-1880s; life as an African-American student at Yale University during the 1960s; the development of Black Studies during the 1960s; life as an African-American faculty member at the State University of New York (SUNY), the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), and the University of Virginia during the 1970s, 1980s and 1990s; slavery in the Confederacy; the nineteenth century American South, especially during the Civil War and Reconstruction; and the modern Civil Rights Movement. Several organizations of interest to Robinson include but are not limited to: Antioch College; Association for the Study of Negro Life and History (Association for the Study of Afro-American Life and History); the Black Student Alliance at Yale (BSAY); the Booker T. Washington National Monument; Corporate/Community Schools of America; the Martin Luther King, Jr. Memorial Center and Institute of the Black World; National Humanities Center (Research Triangle Park, North Carolina); Papers of Jefferson Davis; the University of California, Berkeley; the University of California at Los Angeles; the University of Rochester; the University of Virginia; the Virginia State Library Board, and Yale University.\u003c/p\u003e\n    \n\n","\u003cp\u003e\n    \n    Robinson corresponded with numerous fellow scholars, historians and prominent persons: Herbert Aptheker (1915-2003), historian; Molefi Kete Asante (b. 1942), founder of Afrocentricity and proponent of Black Studies; Ira Berlin (b. 1941), American historian; John B. Boles (b. 1943), historian and managing editor, Journal of Southern History; F. N. Boney, historian; Arna Wendell Bontemps (1902-1973), educator, librarian and Harlem Renaissance novelist; McGeorge Bundy (1919–1996), United States National Security Advisor and head of the Ford Foundation; Austin C. Clarke (b. 1934), Afro-Canadian novelist; John F. Cooke (president, The Disney Channel/Walt Disney Company); Emâilia Viotti da Costa, historian of Brazil; LaWanda F. Cox (1909-2005), historian; Lynda Lasswell Crist (Papers of Jefferson Davis); Merle Curti (1897-1997), American social and intellectual historian; Mary Seaton Dix (Papers of Jefferson Davis); Stanley L. Engerman (b. 1936), economic historian; Karen E. Fields, director, Frederick Douglass Institute for African and African-Americans Studies, University of Rochester; Michael W. Fitzgerald (b. 1956), historian; Harold E. Ford [Harold Eugene Ford, Sr., b.1945], U. S. congressman from Tennessee; Elizabeth Fox-Genovese (1941-2007), historian; John Hope Franklin (1915-2009), American historian; George M. Fredrickson (b. 1934), historian; Eugene D. Genovese (1930-2012), historian; Henry Louis \"Skip\" Gates Jr. (b. 1950); A. Bartlett Giamatti (1938-1989), Yale president (and later commissioner of Major League Baseball); Herbert Gutman (1928-1985), historian; Stephen Hahn (b. 1950), Faulkner scholar; Vincent Harding (b. 1931), historian; Nathan Hare (b. 1933), sociologist, psychotherapist, and a founder of the Black Studies movement; Darlene Clark Hine (b. 1947), historian; Alton Hornsby (Journal of Negro History); C. Stuart McGehee, historian; Ron \"Maulana\" Karenga (b. 1941), a leader of the Black Studies movement and founder of Kwanzaa, a cultural celebration of African-American culture and community; Lauranett Lee (later curator of African American History, Virginia Historical Society, Richmond, Virginia); James T. McIntosh (Papers of Jefferson Davis); Pauline Maier (b. 1938), professor of American History, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; August Meier (1923-2003), historian; Nell Irvin Painter (b. 1942), historian; Lewis C. Perry (b. 1938), historian and editor of The Journal of American History; Edwin S. Redkey (b. 1931), American historian; Joseph Reidy (b. 1948); Dan Roberts, University of Richmond; Leslie S. Rowland, historian; William Scarborough, historian, University of Southern Mississippi; Daryl M. Scott (later a Howard University professor of history and vice president for programs, and member of the Association for the Study of African American Life and History's executive council); Robert Brent Toplin (b. 1940), American historian; Edmund S. Wehrle, University of Connecticut; C. Vann Woodward (1908-1999), American historian; Karen L. Wysocki,  and, Whitney Moore Young Jr. (1921-1971), executive director of the National Urban League, Inc., and American civil rights leader.\u003c/p\u003e\n    \n\n","\u003cp\u003eAs to be expected, there is correspondence with several University of Virginia colleagues: Edward L. Ayers (b. 1953), Corcoran Department of History; William A. Elwood (1932-2002), professor of English and associate dean of the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences; Edwin E. Floyd, dean of the Faculty of Arts and Sciences; Matthew Holden, Jr. (b. 1931), Henry L. and Grace M. Doherty Professor, Woodrow Wilson Department of Government and Foreign Affairs; Michael F. Holt, Corcoran Department of History; Ervin L. Jordan Jr. (b. 1954), Special Collections Department, Alderman Library; Robert O'Neil, president of the University of Virginia; Nathan Alexander Scott, Jr. (1925-2006), Commonwealth Professor of Religious Studies; Jeanne Maddox Toungara, Corcoran Department of History, and, Theresa M. Towner, Department of English.\u003c/p\u003e \n    \n\n","\u003cp\u003eProminent persons mentioned in the collection include: Howard K. Beale (1897-1959), a University of North Carolina historian; Reginald Butler, Corcoran Department of History, and Robinson's successor as director of the Carter G. Woodson Institute for Afro-American and African studies; Lawrence Chisolm, historian, State University of New York at Buffalo; Robert R. Church [Robert Reed Church, Sr.] (1839-1912), business leader and the South's first African-American millionaire; Eldridge Cleaver (1935-1998), a founder of the Black Panther Party; Harold Cruse (1916-2005), historian and proponent of Black Studies; Philip D. Curtin (b. 1922), historian; Robert Dahl (b. 1915), Yale political scientist; St. Clair Drake (1911-1990), sociologist, anthropologist and educator; Alex Dupuy, historian of Haiti; Drew Gilpin Faust (b. 1947), American historian; Robert W. Fogel (b. 1926), American historian; Vivian V. Gordon (1934-1995), sociologist; Martin Kilson, Jr., political scientist, Harvard University; James Armistead Lafayette (1760-1832), African-American slave and spy; Alan Lomax (1915-2002), folklorist and musicologist; Gerald A. McWorter, political scientist, Spelman College, and a founder of the Black Studies movement; Sidney W. Mintz (b. 1922), anthropologist; Boniface I. Obichere (1933-1997), historian; Donald Ogilvie (Yale student); Dorothy B. Porter [Dorothy Porter Wesley]; Alvin Poussaint (b. 1934), psychiatrist; Paul L. Puryear (1930-2010), dean of the Office of Afro-American Affairs, University of Virginia; John T. Schlotterbeck (b. 1948), historian; Henry Taylor, Jr. (b. 1928), educator and psychoanalyst; William Shockley (1910-1989), American physicist and eugenicist; F. (Frederick) Palmer Weber (1914-1986), labor and civil rights activist; Charles Harris Wesley (1891-1987), an African-American historian; Bell Irwin Wiley (1906-1980), American Civil War historian; Carter G. Woodson (1875-1950), \"the Father of Negro History,\" and George Carlton Wright, vice provost of the University of Texas at Austin.\u003c/p\u003e\n    \n    ","\u003cp\u003eThe collection has been organized into six series: Corespondence, Academic Career, Topical Files, Research Materials, Writings and Publications, and Oversize materails. \u003c/p\u003e\n  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Armstead L. Robinson papers(1848-2001; 43 cubic feet) consist of audiotapes; book reviews; census material; computer printouts; conference papers; correspondence; biographical information; instructional material; lectures and speeches; manuscripts and original writings by Robinson, his colleagues and students; maps; memorabilia; microfilm; organizational and professional files; photographs; printed items, and research and topical files. Most of the nineteenth century material is in the form of photocopies.","The scope of this collection is national. Professor Robinson's papers are reflective of the life and career of a nationally active professional historian and educator. Topics of interest include: African-American history; African-American life in Memphis and Shelby County, Tennessee, 1840s-1880s; life as an African-American student at Yale University during the 1960s; the development of Black Studies during the 1960s; life as an African-American faculty member at the State University of New York (SUNY), the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), and the University of Virginia during the 1970s, 1980s and 1990s; slavery in the Confederacy; the nineteenth century American South, especially during the Civil War and Reconstruction; and the modern Civil Rights Movement. Several organizations of interest to Robinson include but are not limited to: Antioch College; Association for the Study of Negro Life and History (Association for the Study of Afro-American Life and History); the Black Student Alliance at Yale (BSAY); the Booker T. Washington National Monument; Corporate/Community Schools of America; the Martin Luther King, Jr. Memorial Center and Institute of the Black World; National Humanities Center (Research Triangle Park, North Carolina); Papers of Jefferson Davis; the University of California, Berkeley; the University of California at Los Angeles; the University of Rochester; the University of Virginia; the Virginia State Library Board, and Yale University.","Robinson corresponded with numerous fellow scholars, historians and prominent persons: Herbert Aptheker (1915-2003), historian; Molefi Kete Asante (b. 1942), founder of Afrocentricity and proponent of Black Studies; Ira Berlin (b. 1941), American historian; John B. Boles (b. 1943), historian and managing editor, Journal of Southern History; F. N. Boney, historian; Arna Wendell Bontemps (1902-1973), educator, librarian and Harlem Renaissance novelist; McGeorge Bundy (1919–1996), United States National Security Advisor and head of the Ford Foundation; Austin C. Clarke (b. 1934), Afro-Canadian novelist; John F. Cooke (president, The Disney Channel/Walt Disney Company); Emâilia Viotti da Costa, historian of Brazil; LaWanda F. Cox (1909-2005), historian; Lynda Lasswell Crist (Papers of Jefferson Davis); Merle Curti (1897-1997), American social and intellectual historian; Mary Seaton Dix (Papers of Jefferson Davis); Stanley L. Engerman (b. 1936), economic historian; Karen E. Fields, director, Frederick Douglass Institute for African and African-Americans Studies, University of Rochester; Michael W. Fitzgerald (b. 1956), historian; Harold E. Ford [Harold Eugene Ford, Sr., b.1945], U. S. congressman from Tennessee; Elizabeth Fox-Genovese (1941-2007), historian; John Hope Franklin (1915-2009), American historian; George M. Fredrickson (b. 1934), historian; Eugene D. Genovese (1930-2012), historian; Henry Louis \"Skip\" Gates Jr. (b. 1950); A. Bartlett Giamatti (1938-1989), Yale president (and later commissioner of Major League Baseball); Herbert Gutman (1928-1985), historian; Stephen Hahn (b. 1950), Faulkner scholar; Vincent Harding (b. 1931), historian; Nathan Hare (b. 1933), sociologist, psychotherapist, and a founder of the Black Studies movement; Darlene Clark Hine (b. 1947), historian; Alton Hornsby (Journal of Negro History); C. Stuart McGehee, historian; Ron \"Maulana\" Karenga (b. 1941), a leader of the Black Studies movement and founder of Kwanzaa, a cultural celebration of African-American culture and community; Lauranett Lee (later curator of African American History, Virginia Historical Society, Richmond, Virginia); James T. McIntosh (Papers of Jefferson Davis); Pauline Maier (b. 1938), professor of American History, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; August Meier (1923-2003), historian; Nell Irvin Painter (b. 1942), historian; Lewis C. Perry (b. 1938), historian and editor of The Journal of American History; Edwin S. Redkey (b. 1931), American historian; Joseph Reidy (b. 1948); Dan Roberts, University of Richmond; Leslie S. Rowland, historian; William Scarborough, historian, University of Southern Mississippi; Daryl M. Scott (later a Howard University professor of history and vice president for programs, and member of the Association for the Study of African American Life and History's executive council); Robert Brent Toplin (b. 1940), American historian; Edmund S. Wehrle, University of Connecticut; C. Vann Woodward (1908-1999), American historian; Karen L. Wysocki,  and, Whitney Moore Young Jr. (1921-1971), executive director of the National Urban League, Inc., and American civil rights leader.","As to be expected, there is correspondence with several University of Virginia colleagues: Edward L. Ayers (b. 1953), Corcoran Department of History; William A. Elwood (1932-2002), professor of English and associate dean of the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences; Edwin E. Floyd, dean of the Faculty of Arts and Sciences; Matthew Holden, Jr. (b. 1931), Henry L. and Grace M. Doherty Professor, Woodrow Wilson Department of Government and Foreign Affairs; Michael F. Holt, Corcoran Department of History; Ervin L. Jordan Jr. (b. 1954), Special Collections Department, Alderman Library; Robert O'Neil, president of the University of Virginia; Nathan Alexander Scott, Jr. (1925-2006), Commonwealth Professor of Religious Studies; Jeanne Maddox Toungara, Corcoran Department of History, and, Theresa M. Towner, Department of English.","Prominent persons mentioned in the collection include: Howard K. Beale (1897-1959), a University of North Carolina historian; Reginald Butler, Corcoran Department of History, and Robinson's successor as director of the Carter G. Woodson Institute for Afro-American and African studies; Lawrence Chisolm, historian, State University of New York at Buffalo; Robert R. Church [Robert Reed Church, Sr.] (1839-1912), business leader and the South's first African-American millionaire; Eldridge Cleaver (1935-1998), a founder of the Black Panther Party; Harold Cruse (1916-2005), historian and proponent of Black Studies; Philip D. Curtin (b. 1922), historian; Robert Dahl (b. 1915), Yale political scientist; St. Clair Drake (1911-1990), sociologist, anthropologist and educator; Alex Dupuy, historian of Haiti; Drew Gilpin Faust (b. 1947), American historian; Robert W. Fogel (b. 1926), American historian; Vivian V. Gordon (1934-1995), sociologist; Martin Kilson, Jr., political scientist, Harvard University; James Armistead Lafayette (1760-1832), African-American slave and spy; Alan Lomax (1915-2002), folklorist and musicologist; Gerald A. McWorter, political scientist, Spelman College, and a founder of the Black Studies movement; Sidney W. Mintz (b. 1922), anthropologist; Boniface I. Obichere (1933-1997), historian; Donald Ogilvie (Yale student); Dorothy B. Porter [Dorothy Porter Wesley]; Alvin Poussaint (b. 1934), psychiatrist; Paul L. Puryear (1930-2010), dean of the Office of Afro-American Affairs, University of Virginia; John T. Schlotterbeck (b. 1948), historian; Henry Taylor, Jr. (b. 1928), educator and psychoanalyst; William Shockley (1910-1989), American physicist and eugenicist; F. (Frederick) Palmer Weber (1914-1986), labor and civil rights activist; Charles Harris Wesley (1891-1987), an African-American historian; Bell Irwin Wiley (1906-1980), American Civil War historian; Carter G. Woodson (1875-1950), \"the Father of Negro History,\" and George Carlton Wright, vice provost of the University of Texas at Austin.","The collection has been organized into six series: Corespondence, Academic Career, Topical Files, Research Materials, Writings and Publications, and Oversize materails."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSeveral folders of \"Research Materials: Civil War\" in Boxes 12-14 include photocopies of materials from various research and academic institutions; researchers should note that most do not permit the reproduction of their materials held by other institutions without their express written permission.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Several folders of \"Research Materials: Civil War\" in Boxes 12-14 include photocopies of materials from various research and academic institutions; researchers should note that most do not permit the reproduction of their materials held by other institutions without their express written permission."],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"persname_ssim":["Robinson, Armstead L., 1947-1995"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Robinson, Armstead L., 1947-1995"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":71,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:54:12.250Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_595_c05_c06"}}],"included":[{"type":"facet","id":"repository_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Repository","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Alexandria Library","value":"Alexandria Library","hits":201},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1990\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"College of William and Mary","value":"College of William and 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