{"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1989\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subseries\u0026view=compact","next":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1989\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subseries\u0026page=2\u0026view=compact","last":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1989\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subseries\u0026page=202\u0026view=compact"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":1,"next_page":2,"prev_page":null,"total_pages":202,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":0,"total_count":2018,"first_page?":true,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_157_c01_c01","type":"Subseries","attributes":{"title":"1.1: Annual Reports","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_157_c01_c01#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis sub-series contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, as well as its individual branches. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_157_c01_c01#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_157_c01_c01","ref_ssm":["vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_157_c01_c01"],"id":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_157_c01_c01","ead_ssi":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_157","_root_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_157","_nest_parent_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_157_c01","parent_ssi":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_157_c01","parent_ssim":["vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_157","vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_157_c01"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_157","vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_157_c01"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Alexandria Library Records (MS098)","Series 1: Founding and 20th Century Records"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Alexandria Library Records (MS098)","Series 1: Founding and 20th Century Records"],"text":["Alexandria Library Records (MS098)","Series 1: Founding and 20th Century Records","1.1: Annual Reports","This sub-series contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, as well as its individual branches. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence."],"title_filing_ssi":"1.1: Annual Reports","title_ssm":["1.1: Annual Reports"],"title_tesim":["1.1: Annual Reports"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["c.1970s-1990s"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1938-2014"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1938/2014, bulk 1970/1999"],"normalized_title_ssm":["1.1: Annual Reports"],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["Alexandria Library"],"collection_ssim":["Alexandria Library Records (MS098)"],"extent_ssm":["2.64 Cubic Feet"],"extent_tesim":["2.64 Cubic Feet"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":174,"level_ssm":["Subseries"],"level_ssim":["Subseries"],"sort_isi":2,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection is open for research. Public access to some confidential personnel records is restricted, these materials are noted as such."],"date_range_isim":[1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014],"otherfindaid_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\n  \u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|da857c0c-296a-44f7-ab6a-7c2ef7f6321b/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"otherfindaid_heading_ssm":["Digital Materials"],"otherfindaid_tesim":["Click to view digital materials in this collection"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis sub-series contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, as well as its individual branches. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Sub-Series Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This sub-series contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, as well as its individual branches. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence."],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#0","timestamp":"2026-05-21T03:59:46.615Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_157","ead_ssi":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_157","_root_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_157","_nest_parent_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_157","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/ALEX/repositories_2_resources_157.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://alexlibraryva.libraryhost.com/repositories/2/resources/157","title_ssm":["Alexandria Library Records (MS098)"],"title_tesim":["Alexandria Library Records (MS098)"],"unitdate_ssm":["1937-2013"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1937-2013"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS098","/repositories/2/resources/157"],"text":["MS098","/repositories/2/resources/157","Alexandria Library Records (MS098)","Alexandria (Va.)","Alexandria (Va.). Library","Public libraries.","Collection is open for research. Public access to some confidential personnel records is restricted, these materials are noted as such.","This folder contains confidential personnel records. Public access and use of these materials is restricted for 75 years from the date of creation of the document.","This site is only accessible to Alexandria Library staff and is not available for public research use.","This finding aid describes and documents the updated arrangement of this collection as of 2023. Previously, the collection was organized into the following series: By Laws, Charters, and Agreements; Board; Annual Reports; Administration; Circulation; Construction; History; Publicity; Scrapbooks; Workshops; Queen/Barrett; Robert Robinson; Special Services; and Lloyd House. \"By-Laws, Charters, and Agreements\" and \"Administration\" have been combined into the new Subseries 1.2. Administration and Finance. \"History,\" \"Publicity,\" \"Scrapbooks,\" \"Workshops,\" and \"Photographs\" have been combined into the new Subseries 1.4. History, Programming, and Outreach. \"Construction,\" \"Queen/Barrett,\" \"Robert Robinson,\" \"Special Services,\" and \"Lloyd House,\" have been combined into the new Subseries 1.5. Branch Records.","The \"Board\" series has been separated from MS098 and combined with other records to form a new, separate collection of Alexandria Library Board Records.","The physical and intellectual arrangement of the Alexandria Library Records (MS098) has been updated a few times over the years, while remaining accessible to the public. Thus, the decision was made to maintain, as much as appropriate, the current order of the pre-existing collection as Series 1: Founding and 20th Century Records; and Series 2: 21st Century Records includes the new accretions to the collection as of 2023. Future accretions to this collection will either be added to Series 2 or form a new series.","Series 1. Founding and 20th Century Records, 1937-2005\n Subseries 1.1. Annual Reports Subseries 1.2. Administration and Finance Subseries 1.3. Circulation Records Subseries 1.4. History, Programming, and Outreach Subseries 1.5. Branch Records Series 2. 21st Century Records, 1994-present\n Subseries 2.1. Annual Reports Subseries 2.2. Administration and Finance Subseries 2.3. Branch Records Subseries 2.4. Programming and Outreach Subseries 2.5. Web Archives","Founded as a subscription library in 1794 and serving as the public library of Alexandria, Virginia since 1937 – Alexandria Library has a long legacy of supporting early literacy and lifelong learning in our diverse community. The Alexandria Library builds community through its six branches by providing opportunities to learn, explore, create, and connect.","The Alexandria Library Company (ALC) was founded on July 24, 1794 and operated a subscription library for nearly 150 years. In 1937, the ALC entered an agreement with the City of Alexandria and their collections formed the foundation of the city's first free public library. Since then, the Alexandria Library has grown into a system of six branches which serve the community of Alexandria, Virginia. ","The Kate Waller Barrett Library opened its doors on Queen Street in 1937; this was the first location of the Alexandria Library. It was named after Dr. Kate Waller Barrett – local humanitarian, social crusader, and political reformer. The Society of Friends granted a 99-year lease for use of its old Quaker Burial Ground on Queen Street as the site for the new public library building. This library has undergone several renovations and expansions over the years, in 1954, 1964, and 1993. When the Charles E. Beatley, Jr. Central Library was built, the Barrett Library shifted from being the main library to its current role as a branch library which serves residents of Old Town Alexandria and surrounding neighborhoods.","The Robert Robinson Library, named for a grandson of one of George Washington's slaves, opened in 1940 to serve black residents of Alexandria. The establishment of this new branch library was motivated by a civil rights demonstration and lawsuit brought against the Library and the City of Alexandria. The earliest known civil rights sit-in was held at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library in 1939. Alexandria Attorney Samuel W. Tucker and five young African American men demonstrated this act of civil disobedience after being denied library cards. The Sit-In and following legal action resulted in the establishment of a new branch of the library to provide \"separate but equal\" library services to black residents. However, this new library branch never received the same support or funding as the main library and was never able to provide fully equitable services to the local African American community. The Alexandria Library officially integrated for adults in 1959, and for children in 1962. The Robert Robinson Library closed in 1962 and the building is now the site of the Alexandria Black History Museum.  More details about the 1939 sit-in and integration of Alexandria Library, as well as links to additional resources can be found on our website.","The Ellen Coolidge Burke Branch Library opened on Seminary Road in 1968. This branch library was named after Ellen Coolidge Burke (1901-1975), who served as Director of the Alexandria Library from 1948 to 1969. The Burke Branch Library serves residents of the Seminary Hill neighborhood and surrounding areas. ","The James M. Duncan, Jr. Branch Library opened on Commonwealth Avenue in 1969. The Duncan Branch Library serves residents of the Del Ray neighborhood and surrounding areas. This branch was named after James M. Duncan (1897-1967), who served as Chief of the Alexandria Fire Department 1924-1947, member of City Council 1949-1967, and member of the Alexandria Library Board 1950-1967. In 2005 the Duncan Branch Library underwent renovations and became the first City of Alexandria government building to have a \"living\" roof – a Green Infrastructure approach to reducing stormwater runoff and pollution in local waterways. ","The Local History / Special Collections Branch was established in 1976 and first housed at Lloyd House, a historic home on the corner of Queen and North Washington Streets. In 1999, after completion of the most recent round of renovations and expansions, Local History / Special Collections moved into the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library. Local History / Special Collections stewards many valuable resources documenting the history and culture of Alexandria and Virginia from the colonial period to the present.","The Charles E. Beatley, Jr. Central Library opened on Duke Street in 2000. This new central library was named after former mayor of Alexandria, Charles E. \"Chuck\" Beatley, Jr. (1916-2003). Upon completion of the new main library site, library adminstration offices were moved from the Barrett Library (formerly the central library) to the Beatley Library.","In 2015 the Library took over management of the Alexandria Law Library, located in the basement of the Alexandria Circuit Court on King Street. The Alexandria Law Library provides legal resources for the benefit of the entire Alexandria community, including its citizens, government agencies, local businesses, the judiciary, and members of the bar.","For a more detailed timeline of the history of Alexandria Library, check out our website.","Alexandria Library Board Records\n Alexandria Library Company Records (MS002)","This collection contains the records of the Alexandria Library, documenting the administration and operation of the Library, dating from the founding of the public library in 1937 through the present. Included are administrative records, annual reports, financial records, circulation records, materials documenting the history of the Library, programming and outreach records, and records of the individual branches of the library system. Formats include textual documents, photographs, and ephemera.","The Alexandria Library is an active organization, and so this collection is a living collection which will be periodically added to and updated. Check this collection guide for any future updates to the collection. ","This series contains materials documenting the Alexandria Library, from its founding as a public library in 1937 through the early 2000s. The majority of documents in this series pertain to the decades between 1950 and 2000. These records document the administration and operations of the Library and its individual branches, as well as materials documenting the history of the Alexandria Library. Documents include annual reports, financial records, correspondence, project files, and other administrative documentation. Also included in this series are ephemera and realia, photographs and other graphic materials, and some oversized materials.","This sub-series contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, as well as its individual branches. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1938 through 1942. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1943 through 1946. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1947 through 1948. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1949 through 1950. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1951 through 1953. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1954 through 1956. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1957 through 1959. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1960 through 1961. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1964. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence.","This sub-series contains administrative and financial records of the Alexandria Library. Documents include correspondence, budgets and other financial records, affirmative action records, bylaws and agreements, official city proclamations, gift records, and other administrative materials.","This folder contains records pertaining to administrative and financial dealings of the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1937 through the 1950s. Documents include final copies of bylaws, charters, and agreements as well as draft documents, reference materials, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to administrative and financial dealings of the Alexandria Library system, dating from the 1950s through the 1992. Documents include final copies of bylaws, charters, and agreements as well as draft documents, reference materials, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to the Affirmative Action plan put in place for the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1975.","This folder contains records pertaining to the Affirmative Action policy used to create an Affirmative Action plan for the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1976.","This folder contains records pertaining to the Affirmative Action plans for the City of Alexandria, dating from 1976 and 1980. Documents include final Affirmative Action plans from both 1976 and 1980.","This folder contains records pertaining to the Affirmative Action plans for the Alexandria Public Library, dating from 1978 through 1982. Documents include reference material used to create the Affirmative Action plans including OSHA Recordkeeping guidelines and guidelines from the Department of Equal Employment Opportunity for the City of Alexandria. Other documents include Alexandria Public Library's Affirmative Action goals, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to the Affirmative Action reports for the Alexandria Public Library system, dating from 1974 through 1976. Documents include final Affirmative Action and Equal Employment Opportunity reports, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to the Affirmative Action reports for the Alexandria Public Library system, dating from 1977 through 1980. Documents include final Affirmative Action and Equal Employment Opportunity reports, sample forms, reference materials, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to the Affirmative Action reports for the Alexandria Public Library system, dating from 1981 through 1987. Documents include final Affirmative Action and Equal Employment Opportunity reports, sample forms, membership reports, reference materials, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to the Budget for the Alexandria Public Library system, dated from 1938 through 1944. Documents include draft material, proposed yearly budgets, final budget reports, press related to the budget, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to the Budget for the Alexandria Public Library system, dated from 1945 through 1948. Documents include draft material, proposed yearly budgets, final budget reports, press related to the budget, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to the Budget for the Alexandria Public Library system, dated from 1949 through 1951. Documents include proposed yearly budgets, final budget reports, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to the Budget for the Alexandria Public Library system, dated from 1951 through 1953. Documents include draft material, proposed yearly budgets, final budget reports, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to the Budget for the Alexandria Public Library system, dated from 1953 through 1955. Documents include draft material, proposed yearly budgets, final budget reports, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to the Budget for the Alexandria Public Library system, dated from 1955 through 1959. Documents include draft material, proposed yearly budgets, final budget reports, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to the Budget for the Alexandria Public Library system, dated from 1955 through 1959. Documents include , proposed yearly budgets, final budget reports, reference materials, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to the budget for the City of Alexandria's City Planning and Capital Improvement programs in regard to the Alexandria Public Library system, dated from 1950 through 1961. Documents include final budget reports, proposed budgets, proposed building projects, draft material, reference material, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to Rules, Regulations, and Review articles for the Alexandria Public Library system, dated from 1937 through 1955. Documents include inquiries regarding librarian salaries of other Virginia public libraries, proposed rules and regulations for Alexandria Public Library, final rules and regulations for Alexandria Public Library, meeting minutes, library directories, press regarding the library, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains a 2014 copy of the introduced House Joint Resolution No. 418 which details the historical significance of the 1939 Alexandria Library Sit-in to the House of Delegates, Mayor of Alexandria, and General Assembly and proposes that this information be conveyed at an upcoming ceremony.","This folder contains records pertaining to correspondence to and from Alexandria Library, dated from 1937 through 1951. Documents included correspondence, press regarding Alexandria Public Library, proposals for the planning and construction of the Robert Robinson Library, and other related notes.","This folder contains records pertaining to correspondence to and from Alexandria Library, dated from 1952 through 1961. Documents include written correspondence, meeting and presentation notes, book acquisitions and acquisition proposals, and other related notes.","This folder contains records pertaining to the professional and nonprofessional duties within public libraries set forth by the American Library Association, dated from 1948. Documents include the preliminary draft of the Descriptive List of Professional and Nonprofessional Duties in Libraries handbook.","This folder contains records pertaining to position descriptions and pay plans for Virginia public libraries, dated from 1950. Documents include a guidebook detailing all positions available with Virginia public libraries, their position descriptions, and recommended qualifications.","This folder contains records pertaining to \"Position Classification and Salary Administration in Libraries\", dated from 1951. Documents include a handbook titled \"Position Classification and Salary Administration in Libraries\", written by the American Library Association, detailing guides and standards for library administrative staff to utilize when creating administrative plans.","This folder contains records pertaining to information and guidelines for new City of Alexandria employees, dated from 1950 to 1986. Documents include guidebooks detailing fundamental information regarding being employed by the City of Alexandria, code of ethics, and guidelines for managers to effectively communicate employee evaluations.","This sub-series contains records documenting circulation statistics of the Library.","This folder contains records pertaining to circulation statistics for the Alexandria Library system, dated from 1937 through 1940. Documents include overall number of books circulated during a given year and ledgers detailing the number and genre of Adult books circulated each day of the year that the library was open to the public.","This folder contains records pertaining to circulation statistics for the Alexandria Library system, dated from 1937 through 1940. Documents include ledgers detailing the number and genre of Children's books circulated each day of the year that the library was open to the public.","This folder contains records pertaining to circulation statistics for the Alexandria Library system, dated from 1941 through 1942. Documents include ledgers detailing the number and genre of Adult and Children's books circulated each day of the year that the library was open to the public.","This folder contains records pertaining to circulation statistics for the Alexandria Library system, dated from 1943 through 1944. Documents include ledgers detailing the number and genre of Adult and Children's books circulated each day of the year that the library was open to the public.","This folder contains records pertaining to circulation statistics for the Alexandria Library system, dated from 1944 through 1949. Documents include ledgers detailing the number and genre of Adult and Children's books circulated each day of the year that the library was open to the public.","This folder contains records pertaining to circulation statistics for the Alexandria Library system, dated from 1949 through 1953. Documents include ledgers detailing the number and genre of Adult and Children's books circulated each day of the year that the library was open to the public.","This folder contains records pertaining to circulation statistics for the Alexandria Library system, dated from 1949. Documents include ledgers detailing the number and genre of Adult and Children's books circulated each day of the year that the library was open to the public.","This folder contains records pertaining to circulation statistics for the Alexandria Library system, dated from 1944 through 1946. Documents include ledgers detailing the number and genre of Adult and Children's books circulated each day of the year that the library was open to the public.","This sub-series contains materials of mixed formats documenting the history of the Library and its programming and outreach work. Documents include scrapbooks, posters, news clippings, correspondence, administrative documents, event programs, and photographs.","This folder contains materials pertaining to Alexandria Library history, dating from 1957-1961. Documents include newspaper clippings from various local newspapers, event photos, correspondence, and other related notes.","This folder contains records pertaining to the history of Alexandria Library, dated from c. 1960. Documents include notes, correspondence, and copies of newspaper articles relating to the library.","This folder contains records pertaining to the history of Alexandria Library. Documents include copies of events schedules, event programs, summaries of the library's history, copies of newspaper articles relating to the library, and other related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to the history of Alexandria Library, dated from 1937 through 1947. Documents include newspaper clippings that detail library history, press, and publicity.","This folder contains records pertaining to the history of Alexandria Library, dated from 1955 through 1973. Documents include newspaper clippings that detail library history, press, and publicity.","This folder contains records pertaining to the history of Alexandria Library, dated from 1936 through 1954. Documents include summaries of the library's history, copies of newspaper articles relating to the library, and other related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to the history of Alexandria Library, dated from 1945 through 1985. Documents include copies of newspaper articles relating to the library, and other related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to publicity correspondence for Alexandria Library, dated from c. 1954-1986. Documents include correspondence relating to proposed exhibits, cosmetic changes to library branches, research inquiries, proof of membership, thank-you messages, plans for library news releases, and other related notes.","This folder contains records pertaining to press releases for Alexandria Library, dated from 1947-1986. Documents include drafts of news releases, draft 5-year plan documents, descriptions of upcoming library programs, mock-ups for news articles relating to the library, and other related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to events related to Alexandria Library, dated from 1954 through 1992. Documents include programs from library events and other notes and correspondence.","This folder contains biographical research materials about James M. Duncan, Jr. (the namesake of the Duncan Branch) which were collected by branch managers of Duncan Branch. Materials include notes, newsclippings, and photocopies of newsclippings.","This folder contains photographs of the 1995 ribbon cutting ceremony celebrating the re-opening of the Kate Waller Barrett Branch after renovations.","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Eight people, presumed to be library officials, stand on the main floor of the Barrett Branch in front of a seated audience, in the midst of a ribbon cutting ceremony. The smiling officials cutting the red ribbon, who include six men and two women, are dressed professionally and each holds their own pair of scissors. Behind them are shelves of library books and a set of stairs that lead up to the second floor of the library. The seated audience of men and women watches as the ceremony proceeds. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #402","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Eight people, presumed to be library officials, stand on the main floor of the Barrett Branch in front of a seated audience, in the midst of a ribbon cutting ceremony. The officials, who include six men and two women, have not yet cut the red ribbon and are dressed professionally. Each of the eight officials holds their own pair of scissors. Behind them are shelves of library books and a set of stairs that up to the second floor of the library. The seated audience of men and women watches as the ceremony proceeds. The photograph is dated September 10th, 1995. Photo previously labeled #403","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. This candid photo of men and women milling around the first floor of the Barrett Branch was taken, presumably, after the conclusion of the ceremony. Some of the people pictured are in conversation with one another, while others are taking in their surroundings. In the foreground is a podium framed on either side by yellow flowers and an American flag. In the background are library books shelves and a set of stairs that lead up to the second floor of the library. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #404","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. This candid photo was taken amidst a crowd of people attending the ceremony on the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library. The men and women of various ages stand milling around the space. Some are in conversation with one another while others look in many directions, taking in their surroundings. Visible in the background is the entrance to the library that consists of floor to ceiling windows allowing natural daylight to stream in. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #405","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. The photo is of several people standing around on the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library. The three men and one woman in the foreground are in conversation with each other but only the two men on the right have realized the group is being photographed. The two men on the right are looking at the camera and smiling, while the women is still speaking and the third man is looking to his right with his back to the photographer. In the background are other people, some in conversation and some not, as well as empty chairs set up against filled bookshelves. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #406","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. A large audience of men and women have filled the main floor of the Barrett Branch, presumably watching as the ceremony unfolds. Some of the people are sitting in the middle of the space while the rest of the crowd have filled the available standing room, even standing in the sunlight filled entrance vestibule, at the back of the room, to catch a glimpse through the floor to ceiling windows. Regardless of placement, almost all the audience members have their attentions set on the events happening behind the camera, just out of frame. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #407","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Two women stand posing for a picture, on the main floor of the Barrett Branch, presumably after the conclusion of the ceremony. With their arms around each other, the woman on the left looks directly at the camera while the women on the right smiles at something out of frame on the left. In the background are more people, men and women, milling around the large indoor space. Some are in conversation with one another and others are simply moving about the space. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #409","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. The photo is of two smiling men and a young child posing for a picture together. On the left, the young child stands holding the hand of the man in the middle who has brown hair and mustache, is wearing glasses and is dressed in a dark-colored suit with a white shirt and red patterned tie. The man on the right, who stands with his hand on the shoulder of the man in the middle, has white hair and is wearing glasses and a dark-colored suit with a white shirt and blue tie. All three stand under a half visible, gold-framed, painted portrait of Kate Waller Barrett that is hanging on the wall behind them. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #410","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Three men and two children stand posing for a picture together. The three men are all wearing dark-colored suits with light-colored shirts and ties. The two children, one boy and one girl, stand in front of the men in the middle and on the right. The boy wears a light-colored button-down shirt and striped dress pants while the girl wears a striped, long-sleeve dress with black tights and black shoes with pink shoelaces. All five smile at the camera as they pose under a gold-framed, painted portrait of Kate Waller Barrett. The woman in the portrait has her white hair tied back in a bun and sits, posed in profile, and is wearing dark-colored clothes, with floral accents. A gold cross pendant hangs from her neck and a brooch is pinned to her chest. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #411","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. A woman stands posing for a picture with the portrait of Kate Waller Barrett hanging near the entrance of the Barrett Branch Library. The woman, dressed in a red blazer and skirt, smiles as she looks to left at something just out of frame. She stands below the gold-framed, painted portrait of Kate Waller Barrett. In the portrait, Kate Waller Barrett has her white hair tied back into a bun and sits, posed in profile, wearing dark-colored clothes, with floral accents. A gold cross pendant hangs from her neck and a brooch is pinned to her chest. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #412","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Three men and two children stand posing for a picture together under the portrait of Kate Waller Barrett that hangs near the entrance of the Barrett Branch Library. The man on the left has white hair and is wearing glasses, a dark-colored suit, a light-colored shirt and blue tie. He has his hand on the shoulder of the little girl to the right of him who wears a striped long-sleeve dress with black tights and black shoes with pink laces. The little girl holds the hand of the man in the middle who wears a dark-colored suit with a light-colored shirt and dark patterned tie. Next to him, on the right, stands the little boy who wears a light-colored button-down shirt and striped dress pants. The little boy holds the hand of the last man on the right who has brown hair and mustache, glasses, and wears a dark-colored suit with a light-colored shirt and red patterned tie. All five stand beneath the gold-framed, painted portrait of Kate Waller Barrett who has her white hair tied back into a bun. She sits, posed in profile, and is wearing dark-colored clothes, with floral accents, with a gold cross pendant hanging from her neck and a brooch pinned to her chest. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #413","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. The candid photograph is of four men standing in front of the portrait of Kate Waller Barrett that hangs near the entrance to the library. The two men on the left are greeting each other and the two men on the right are standing separately both looking in opposite directions towards things just out of frame. All the men are dressed in suits and ties and three out of four are wearing glasses. The leftmost man is holding multiple pairs of scissors and the second man from the right is holding an event program. Behind them, hanging on the wall is the gold-framed, painted portrait of Kate Waller Barrett who has white hair tied back into a bun and sits, posed in profile, wearing dark-colored clothes, with floral accents, with a gold cross pendant hanging from her neck and a brooch pinned to her chest. Also in the background, off to the left, is a child, seemingly in motion, appearing blurry in the photograph. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #414","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. The candid photograph is of a group of men and women standing around a table of computers on the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library. On the round table there are four white computers, each with their own keyboard and mouse. Two of the computers are in use, one by a man in dark dress pants and white shirt and the other by two people, a woman and young man, working together. In the background are other people milling about as well as library bookshelves and a set of stairs leading to the second floor of the library. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #415","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. The candid photograph is of two groups of men and women, some sitting and some standing, inside of the library presumably before the ceremony begins. To left is a group of seated people, partially blocked from view by a desk, and to the right is a group of men standing together in conversation. Between the two groups sits a small stage with an American flag, bordered at the front by small pots of yellow flowers. In the background are rows of both tall and short bookshelves in front of a glass-front room. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #416","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of two women and one man standing in conversation with one another. The two women are both in light-colored dresses and the woman on the right faces away from the camera and carries a purse. The man wears glasses and is dressed in a light-colored suit with a white dress shirt and patterned tie. The woman on the left looks across to the woman on the right as she and the man in the middle are looking at each other. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #417","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of men and women milling about inside the Barrett Branch. The people in the foreground seem to be in conversation with each other while others are having separate conversations in the background. The photo is being taken from behind a bookshelf decorated with a potted plant whose leaves have just started to come in to frame on the right side of the photo. Behind the people are more bookshelves, decorated with flowers, and a glass-front room. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #418","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photo of four men, one woman, and two children. Every person pictured is looking in a different direction, some seeming to be moving towards different parts of the room and appearing blurry in the photo. All of the men are dressed in suits, the woman wears a pink buttoned jacket, the little boy wears a light-color button-down, and the little girl wears a striped long-sleeve dress. Behind them on the wall hangs a gold-framed, painted portrait of Kate Waller Barrett who has white hair tied back into a bun and sits, posed in profile, wearing dark-colored clothes, with floral accents. A gold cross pendant is hanging from her neck and a brooch is pinned to her chest. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #419","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. The photo is of the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library. In the library stands many men, women, and children milling about the space. Some are in conversation with one another, while others take in their surroundings or speak to people sitting behind the circulation desk to the left of the photo. To the right of the photo is the beginning of a staircase that leads to the second floor of the library. Visible from the balcony, the second floor is filled with bookshelves. In the background, on the lower level, stands a small stage and podium framed by small pots of yellow flowers and an American flag as well as a glass-front room whose windows are letting in bright daylight. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #420","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. The photo is of the main floor of the Barrett Branch and there are men and women milling around in the space, some in conversation with one another and others taking in their surroundings. On the right side of the picture, some of the people stand in front of the circulation desk, decorated with pots of yellow and orange flowers. On the left side of the picture are some glass display cases displaying open books. In the background are the floor to ceiling windows of the entrance vestibule that are providing bright, natural light to the room. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #421","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Pictured is a large audience of men and women on the main floor of the Barrett Branch. Some of the people are sitting in the middle of the room while the rest of the crowd have begun filling in the available standing room, even standing in the sunlight filled entrance vestibule, at the back of the crowd, to catch a glimpse through the floor to ceiling windows. Regardless of placement, almost all the audience members have their attentions set on the events happening behind the camera, just out of frame. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #422","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a group of men and women, of differing ages, standing around a table of computers. At the round table, there are two people with their backs to the camera sharing the same computer, to their right is one woman at the next computer, and the next computer has a group of four sharing the same computer. In the foreground is a shelf that has been decorated with a pot of flowers, that have taken up the left side of the picture. In the background, behind the group of people at the computers is glass-front room and a few people within. Inside the room are bookshelves on the left wall and tables and chairs filling the middle. The windows on the back wall have had their blinds drawn to shade the interior from the bright daylight shining through. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #423","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of some people, both men and women, looking at the available materials on the bookshelves around them on the second floor of the Barrett Branch Library. Some of the men and women are browsing the shelves while others have begun reading their chosen materials. In the foreground are shorter bookshelves, with one man crouching to get a better look at the offerings on the bottom shelf. In the background are taller bookshelves, that almost reach from floor to ceiling. Behind the taller bookshelves are some tables and chairs that have been backlit by the daylight coming through the windows on the back wall. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #424","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a seated audience facing a group of people who seem like library officials seated at the front of the room. The seated audience is facing away from the camera and the group of men and women at the front of the room are applauding in welcome to the man who is standing at the front of the room. He has brown hair and mustache, is wearing glasses and a grey suit with dark tie. Off to the right of the photo is a staircase that leads to the second floor whose balcony sits above the group of clapping men and women. Behind them stands bookshelves, completely filled, that almost reach from floor to ceiling. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #425","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a woman speaking to an audience from an elevated podium. The woman, dressed in a red blazer and white shirt, is looking through her glasses out over the audience. Behind her is both short and tall bookshelves, as well as a wall of glass, and to the left stands an American flag. The woman at the podium stands below the second-floor balcony of the Barrett Branch where three musicians sit with music stands in front of them and bookshelves at their back. In the foreground, somewhat blocking the view of the seated audience, is the circulation desk topped with stacks of paper. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #426","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a seated audience, extending out of frame, who have their attention on a man speaking from an elevated podium. The man at podium, dressed in a dark-colored suit with a white shirt and red tie, is looking down at the podium through his glasses. Behind the podium are rows of book shelves, both short and tall with some decorated with flowers, as well as a glass-front room. The man at the podium stands beneath the second-floor balcony of the Barrett Branch Library. Visible through the balcony's railing are filled bookshelves. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #427","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a man speaking from behind a podium. The man is standing, dressed in a dark-colored suit with a white shirt and dark patterned tie, looking down at the podium through his dark tinted glasses. Behind him are rows of book shelves, both short and tall with some decorated with flowers, as well as a glass-front room. The podium stands below the second-floor balcony of the Barrett Branch Library where three chairs and two music stands are set up. The right most chair is occupied by a person in white shirt and dark pants. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #428","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a woman speaking from an elevated podium. The woman, dressed in a blue dress and matching blue jacket, looks out to an audience just out of frame and she is observed by a small panel of professionally dressed men and women, presumed to be other library officials, on the right side of the picture. The picture is being taken from behind the circulation desk, complete with computer, receipt printer, and landline phone. A pot of yellow, orange and red flowers sits atop the desk, partially blocking an American flag from view. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #429","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a woman speaking from an elevated podium in front of an audience of people that extends out of frame. The woman, dressed in a pink blazer over a dark patterned dress with a string of pearls around her neck, is looking down at the podium while the audience listens. Behind her are rows of book shelves, both short and tall with some decorated with flowers, as well as a glass-front room. The speaker and podium stand beneath an the second-floor balcony of the Barrett Branch Library, where three chairs, music stands, and musicians are seated and viewable through the balcony's railing. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #430","This folder contains photographs of the 1995 ribbon cutting ceremony celebrating the re-opening of the Kate Waller Barrett Branch after renovations.","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a man speaking to an audience, extending out of frame, from an elevated podium. The man, dressed in a dark-colored suit with white shirt and dark patterned tie, is looking down at the podium while holding up a closed book in his right hand and paper in his left hand. Behind him are rows of short and tall bookshelves, some decorated with flowers, in front of a glass-front room. Above the podium sits the second-floor balcony of the Barrett Branch Library. Through the railing, three chairs, music stands, and musicians can be seen in front of filled bookshelves. In the foreground, on the left side of the picture, is the circulation desk topped with stacks of papers. The photo is dated from 1995. Photo previously labeled #431","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a woman speaking from an elevated podium to audience, which extends out of frame. The woman is dressed in a matching blue jacket and dress, and looks out over the audience at something not visible as the audience turns to follow her gaze. To her left and right are men in dark-colored suits and ties that also follow her line-of-sight. Behind her are bookshelves, both tall and short, and a glass-front room. Above the podium is the second-floor balcony and through the railing, three chairs, music stands, and musicians can be seen in front of filled bookshelves. In the foreground, blocking some of the audience from view, is the circulation desk with a computer and piles of paper. The photo is dated from 1995. Photo previously labeled #432","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. This slightly out of focus, color candid photograph is of a woman speaking from an elevated podium to an audience that is seated just out of frame. The woman, dressed in a pink jacket over a dark, patterned dress, is bordered by a group of seated men and women, presumed to be other library officials, on the right and an American flag on the left. Above the woman at the podium is the second-floor balcony and behind her are tall bookshelves and a glass front room. The photo is being taken from behind the circulation desk which has a computer and a pot of yellow, red and orange flowers. The photo is dated from 1995. Photo previously labeled #433","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a group of men and women in conversation with each other amidst the ribbon cutting ceremony. The group consists of four men and two women, presumed to be library officials, who trade smiles and handshakes in front of a clapping audience. Some of the members of the group are still holding scissors and the pieces of red ribbon that were cut as part of the ceremony. Behind them are bookshelves that extend backward into the space. The photo is dated from 1995. Photo previously labeled #434","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a group of men and women amidst the ribbon cutting ceremony. The group consists of three men and two women, some still holding scissors and pieces of the red ribbon cut during the ceremony. The smiling woman in the middle has offered a handshake to the man to the left of her as the audience applauds them. Behind the ribbon cutters are tall and short bookshelves that extend backwards into the space. The photo is dated from 1995. Photo previously labeled #435","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photo of a group of three men and one woman, presumed to be library officials, are trading smiles and the woman offers a handshake to the man on the far left. The woman has grey hair and wears a matching blue jacket and dress. The men are dressed professionally in suits and ties. They stand in front of a small stage and podium, lined with small pots of yellow flowers and decorated by an American flag. Behind them are bookshelves, both tall and short, that extend backwards toward a glass-front room. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #436","Color photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. This candid photograph depicts several people standing behind the main circulation desk on the first floor of the Barrett Branch. In the foreground of the photo is a woman wearing a magenta dress and holding two books. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #408","Color portrait of an outdoor sign from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library after renovations were completed in 1995. On a bright, sunny day at the corner of a red-brick building sits a white sign that reads \"The 200 Block of North Columbus St. Welcomes the New Library\" and just below that it reads \"Thank You\". Propped up on a wooden easel, the sign is decorated by a single gold, metallic balloon that is moving with the wind. Behind the sign to the right are row houses and a parked car. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #441","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, a group of presumed library officials sit next to a stage and listen to the woman speaking from the podium. The woman has white hair and is dressed in a matching blue jacket and dress turns her head to welcome another woman who making her way to an empty chair among the group of officials. The woman being welcomed has tied back, brown hair and glasses and is wearing a colorful dress and black, t-strap shoes. Some of the men and women in the group of officials clap while others offer warm smiles to the approaching woman. Behind them is a small circulation desk and filled bookshelves. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #442","Color portrait photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, a group of presumed library staff stand behind the circulation desk and smile at the camera. Four women are directly behind the desk and five more seem to be coming out of the room just behind the desk. Some of the other women have realized their picture is being taken and look at the camera, while others have not and continue their conversations with one another. One man stands in front of the desk and has turned to face the camera while a final woman seems to being walking past him. Folding chairs are set up and extend out of frame and because each still has a paper program on it, it is likely the event has not yet started. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #443","Color candid photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, two group of presumed library officials both sit and stand next to a small stage. Though not all the chairs are filled, the seated group includes three women and four men, all dressed professionally, who seem to be waiting for the event to start. The standing group, consisting of three men and two women, are all in conversation with one another. The woman in the middle with white hair, blue dress and light-colored purse is speaking and the remainder of the standing group leans in to listen. Behind them is the stage, decorated with an American flag, and both tall and short bookshelves that extend out of frame. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #444","Color photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera aims at the circulation desk and the people that stand around it. Presumed to be library staff, four women stand together and all but one is smiling up at the camera. Other people, presumed to be library staff and officials, stand around the desk. Some are in conversation and others are looking in different directions around the room. In front of the circulation desk, extending out of frame, are rows of folding chairs each with a paper program on the seats. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #445","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Set up on the second-floor balcony of the Barrett Branch, are three female musicians in the midst of performing. All three are wearing white dress shirts and black bottoms and each sit in her own wooden chair across from sheet music on a music stand and plays from a flute. Behind them are a man and a woman in conversation leaning over the balcony railing to get a better view of what is going on the floor below. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #446","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, pictured is a man in a dark suit and tie speaking from a podium on a small elevated stage, which he shares with an American flag. Bordering the front of the stage are small pots of yellow flowers. To the left and right of the stage sit two groups of men and women, presumably library officials who have their attention on the man speaking. Behind them are rows of both tall and short bookshelves that extend back into the room and out of frame. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #447","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Men and women of varying ages stand milling around the main floor of the Barrett Branch library seeming after the conclusion of the ceremony. In the foreground, one man sits at a table with his hands on a computer keyboard and converses with the two women who are speaking to him. The woman on the left has short brown hair and wears a blue jacket and the woman on the right has short greying hair and wears a white shirt, denim bottoms, and carries a small purse. In the background is a larger group pf men and women, gathered around a table of computers. Behind are bookshelves that extend to the other side of the room where more people sit at tables in conversation. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #448","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Outside the front entrance of the Barrett Branch Library, in the shade of a tree, is a group of men and women who seem to be waiting for the library to open and for the ceremony to begin. On the front doors, illuminated by the sun, two signs read \"Re-opening\" and \"Sept. 10, 2PM\". Some of the group are sitting on the red brick retaining wall outside of the library while other stand in conversation closer to the entrance. The building is red brick, with white columns and white doors. A large, half-moon shaped windows sits atop the doors allowing natural light to fill the entrance vestibule within. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #449","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. The photo is aimed at the circulation desk where some people have begun to converse with the library staff behind the desk. In front of the desk, the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library has been filled with folding chairs where a few people have begun to sit. There are folded programs on each of the folding chairs, suggesting that the ceremony has not yet begun. On the right side of the picture are bookshelves that fill the space at the back of the main floor as well as the second floor, which is visible through the balcony railing. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #450","Color candid photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the picture is focused on the group of men and women standing against the wall behind the circulation desk. There are nine women and two men visible, dressed professionally, and most of them seem to have their attention on something happening just out of frame on the right. In front of the desk on the left is the beginnings of a seated audience and starting from the circulation desk extending out of frame across the front of the audience stretches the red ribbon that has yet to be cut. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #451","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. A group of two men, one woman, and one young man are standing in conversation with each other next to a round table that currently holds computers, of which only the keyboards and mice are visible. The young man has dark hair and wears a blue collared shirt and the woman he is next to has short brown hair and wears a blue patterned dress and carries a white purse. The two men are both dressed in dark suits with light dress shirts. The man with glasses wears a dark tie. Behind them are some table and chairs separating the group from the tall book shelves that extend out passed both sides of frame. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #452","Color candid photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, two men are pictured in conversation with each other while standing behind a podium on a small elevated stage. The men both wear suits with light-colored shirts, and the viewer is clearly able to see that the man on the left is wearing glasses and a tie. The man on the right has his back to the camera because his attention is on the other man who seems to be explaining something while pointing to something just out of sight on the left. In front of the stage are small pots of yellow flowers and beside the stage are rows of wooden chairs that have yet to be filled. Each chair has a folded program that seems to suggest the ceremony has yet to begin. Behind the men and the stage are bookshelves, both tall and short, that are filled with material. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #453","Color candid photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Pointed toward the interior entrance of the Barrett Branch, taken from the opposite end of the main floor, men and women are milling about the space presumably after the conclusion of the ribbon cutting. In the foreground are men and women using the available computers and in front of them is a large gathering of people milling around the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library. Some seem to be in conversation with one another, while other seem to simply be moving around the space. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #454","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at where the ceremony will be held. A large seated audience of men and women is forming behind a red ribbon that has been stretched from the circulation desk to the staircase's railing on the opposite side of the room. The men and women standing behind the circulation desk are, presumably, library staff and the few men and women that stand on the other side of the red ribbon from the audience are the library officials that will be speaking during the ceremony. The library officials seem to be looking at someone just out of frame and two of them are waving to try and get their attention. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #455","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at the main floor of the Barrett Branch where folding chairs have been set up in the middle of the room for an audience that has begun filing in. Men and women of varying ages and dress are coming in through the bright, naturally lit entrance vestibule, stopping at the circulation desk, before finding an empty seat. The men and women behind the circulation desk are, presumably, library staff who are either in conversation with one another or watching the people who are filing into the library. Just in front of the audience, stretching from the circulation desk to the railing of the staircase at the opposite of the room, is a red ribbon that is being handled by a woman in a dark top and patterned skirt. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #456","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points at a small group of men and women who are seated in wooden chairs to the left of a small stage with a podium. Seated in two rows, the group consists of four women and three men, and are presumed to be library officials. They are all in professional dress, either in suits and ties or dresses and blazers, and the front row seems to be conversation with each other. Just behind them, extending backward into the space, are filled bookshelves. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #457","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a man speaking from a podium on a small elevated stage. The man, wearing glasses and dressed in a grey-colored suit with a white shirt and dark-colored tie, holds a book in one hand and paper in the other as he looks out at the audience in front of him. The men and women seated next to the stage, who are presumed to be library officials, have their attention on the speaker. The stage is bordered in the front by small pots of yellow flowers and framed in the back by bookshelves that extend backward into the space. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #458","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a small elevated stage and podium and the men and women that surround it. The men and women, presumed to be library officials, stand with their hands over their hearts as they face the American flag that sits on the stage. All professionally dressed, only one man and one woman stand on the stage while the others stand to either side as they seem to recite the Pledge of Allegiance. Behind the stage are rows of bookshelves that extend backwards and out of frame. Above the stage is the second-floor balcony of the Barrett Branch. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #459","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a small elevated stage and podium and the men and women that surround it. On the stage stands a brown-haired woman, wearing a floral-patterned dress and pink blazer, speaking from a podium to the audience that sits in front of her just out of view. On either side of the stage sits other men and women, presumed to be library officials, who have their attention on the woman at the podium. Framing the front of the stage are small pots of yellow flowers and behind the stage, extending backwards out of frame, are bookshelves. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #460","This folder contains photographs of the 1995 ribbon cutting ceremony celebrating the re-opening of the Kate Waller Barrett Branch after renovations.","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a small elevated stage and podium and the people that surround it. Although the picture is out of focusing, appearing blurry, a woman with red hair and glasses, wearing a red blazer and skirt, can be seen speaking from the podium. With their attention on the speaker at the podium, the men and women that sit next to the stage are presumed to be library officials. The stage, framed at the front by small pots of yellow flowers, backs up to rows of short bookshelves that extend backward out of frame. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #461","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a small elevated stage and podium and the people that surround it. On the stage, standing at the podium, is a man with glasses wearing a dark-colored suit and tie with a red pocket square. He looks down at the paper on the podium as he speaks to the audience in front of him, sitting just out of view. The men and women sitting next to the stage, presumed to be library officials, are dressed professionally as some turn their attention toward the speaker. The front of the stage is framed by small pots of yellow flowers and rows of short bookshelves sit at the back of the stage. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #462","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down on the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library where the audience sits as the ribbon ceremony goes on. On the left side of the picture, many men and women sit in folding chairs as they listen to the man speaking from the small elevated stage and podium in front of them. Stretching from the circulation desk, across the room, to the railing of the staircase is a red ribbon that separates the audience from the men and women on and around the stage. There are also men and women that stand behind the circulation desk, presumed to be library staff, that have their attention on the man at the podium, who is dressed in a dark-colored suit with a light-colored shirt. On either side of the stage, separated from the general audience, sit other men and women who are presumed to be library officials. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #463","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down on the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library where the audience sits as the ribbon ceremony goes on. On the right side of the picture sits a large audience of men and women that extends backwards out if frame. They are separated from the small stage and podium by a red ribbon that stretches from the circulation desk, across the room, to the railing of the staircase that leads to the second floor. Behind the circulation desk stands a few men and women, who are presumed to be library staff, who have their attention on the man that speaks from the podium. The speaker, dressed in a dark-colored suit and tie, looks down at the paper on the podium as he addresses the audience in front of him. The people sitting to left and right of the stage, who are separate from the general audience, are presumed to be library officials who are part of the ceremony proceedings. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #464","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a man standing in behind a podium on a small elevated stage. The man, dressed in a grey-colored suit and glasses, seems to have his head tilted down in pause to accept the applause he is receiving from the people around him. Next to the stage sits a group of men and women who are presumed to be library officials. One man and one woman can be seen clapping for the man on the stage. The front of the stage is framed by small pots of yellow flowers and the back of the stage is bordered by short bookshelves that extend backward out of view. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #465","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a woman standing behind a podium on a small elevate stage. The woman has grey hair, dressed in a matching blue dress and blazer, and looks out at the audience seated in front of her, just out of view. There is a group of men and women seated in three rows next to the stage, presumed to be library officials, who look and listen to the woman speaking from the podium. Behind the stage and the group of library officials are some tall and short bookshelves that extend backward into the space and out of frame. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #466","Color candid photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library where men and women are milling around presumably after the ribbon has been cut officially opening the library. The men and women, of all ages and in varying dress, are either in conversation with one another or are on the move to a different part of the space. Some are making their way up the stairs and past whomever is taking the picture while others are moving towards the rows of bookshelves that extend backward out of frame. Barely visible amongst the people is a small stage and podium where library officials had spoken during the ceremony. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #467","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a small stage and the men and women that surround it. On the stage, standing behind a podium, is grey-haired woman in a matching blue dress and blazer who speaks to the audience seated in front of her, just out of view. On either side of the stage where the woman in blue is speaking from, sits two groups of men and women, presumed to be library officials, who have attention on the woman in blue. The front of the stage is framed with small pots of yellow flowers and the back is bordered by short bookshelves that extend backward into the space. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #468","Color candid photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at the main floor of the Barret Branch where people have begun to move about the space, presumably, at the conclusion of the ribbon cutting ceremony. Some of the men and women are in conversation with each other while others have begun exploring the space and materials available. Visible among the crowd is the circulation desk, with a few staff members working from behind it. Across the room, also visible among the crowd, is the small stage and podium that library officials spoke from during the ceremony. Above the crowd, on the right side of the picture, is the second-floor balcony which has been populated by more exploring people. The photo is dated from 1995. Photo previously labeled #469","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a small stage and podium. Standing behind the podium is a man with glasses, wearing a dark-colored suit and tie, who is looking down at the papers on the podium in front of him. To one side of the stage is small group of men and women who are seated in three rows, all in professional dress. This small group of people are presumed to be library officials, as is the man in a grey-colored suit that is seated behind the stage. Behind the stage are short bookshelves that extend backward out of frame and the front of the stage is line with small pots of yellow flowers. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #470","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at the main floor of the Barret Branch wear a stage sits before a large seated audience. Separating the audience from the stage is a long red ribbon stretching from the circulation desk across the room to the staircase's railing. Behind the circulation desk, standing with their backs to the wall, are men and women who seem to be part of the library staff. On the stage stands a brown-haired woman, wearing a floral-patterned dress and pink blazer, speaking from a podium to the audience that sits in front of her. On either side of the stage sits other men and women, presumed to be library officials, who have their attention on the woman at the podium. Framing the front of the stage are small pots of yellow flowers and behind the stage, extending backwards out of frame, are bookshelves. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #471","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at the main floor of the Barret Branch wear a stage sits before a large seated audience. Separating the audience from the stage is a long red ribbon stretching from the circulation desk across the room to the staircase's railing. Behind the circulation desk, standing with their backs to the wall, are men and women who seem to be part of the library staff. On the stage stands a man with glasses, wearing a grey-colored suit, speaking from a podium to the audience that sits in front of him. On either side of the stage sits other men and women, presumed to be library officials, who have their attention on the man at the podium. Framing the front of the stage are small pots of yellow flowers and behind the stage, extending backwards out of frame, are bookshelves. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #472","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a small stage and podium as well as the people that surround it. Speaking from the podium stands a man with glasses, in a grey-colored suit and tie, who looks down at the paper in front of him. On either side of the stage sits two small groups of men and women, presumed to be library officials, who have their attention on the man on stage. All are professionally dressed and some hold programs probably pertaining to the ceremony. The front of the stage is lined with small pots of yellow flows and behind the stage are rows of short and tall books shelves. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #473","Color candid photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at two groups of men and women on the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library. The group closest to the camera consists of six men and two women who are professionally dressed and seem to be library officials. Each woman shakes the hand of one of the men in the group. Behind them is a small stage and podium, that is lined with small pots of yellow flowers along the front. In the other side of the stage is another small group of men and women, also thought to be library officials. One woman seated at the front of the group, with white hair and patterned dress, is leaning forward to greet a woman with brown hair, black jacket, and skirt standing in front of her. Behind the two groups and the stage are bookshelves that extend backward out of frame. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #474","Color candid photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a small group of men and women who are standing, in conversation with each other. The group, consisting of two women and five men, are all professionally dressed and seem to be library officials. Facing away from the camera, one woman with a pink jacket is shaking hands with a man in a dark colored suit and patterned tie. Behind this group is a small, unoccupied stage and podium and on the other side of the stage is another group of seated, presumed, library officials. Behind the stage are bookshelves that extend backwards out of frame. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #475","Color photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. In the foreground of the picture, two unidentified women smile at the camera. The woman on the left has short blond hair, glasses, and wears a patterned collared dress. The woman in the left has dark brown hair and wears a dark blue top with a high neck. Behind them are more men and women who are milling about on the main floor of the Barrett Branch, presumably after the conclusion of the ceremony. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #476","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. The camera is pointed at the line of men and women standing at the circulation desk at the Barrett Branch Library. Presumably, these are members of the public who attended the ribbon cutting and are now exploring the new space after the conclusion of the ceremony. On the upper right-side of the picture, visible through the railing, is the second-floor balcony where people a standing amongst the bookshelves. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #477","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a man standing on a small stage, behind a podium. Though the camera is unfocused and the photo appears slightly blurry it can be determined that the man, dressed in a dark-colored suit with a white pocket square, looks down at the papers on the podium as the small group of men and women seated on the other side of the stage have their attention on him. The small group of men and women, who are dressed professionally, are presumed to be library officials that are part of the ribbon cutting ceremony. One other presumed official is seated behind the stage and is reading a piece of paper. Also, behind the stage and the small group of library officials, are rows of bookshelves that extend backward out of frame. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #478","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a line of people who stand facing a seated audience of men and women. The line of people is professionally dressed men and women, presumably library officials, who each hold onto a red ribbon that stretches across the room from the circulation desk to the railing of the staircase. The seated audience and the men and women standing behind the circulation desk smile at the line of officials as they cut the ribbon. One woman, with grey hair and blue dress, holds up her scissors and her portion of the red ribbon in celebration. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #479","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a man in a grey-colored suit who stands on a small stage. Looking down at the orange-handled scissors in hand, he faces a small group of men and women, presumed to be library officials, as they walk towards the left side of the photo. The man on the stage is handing out pairs of scissors to members of the ribbon cutting ceremony as they make their way towards the ribbon that is just out of view. Behind the man and the stage, is another small group of men and women seated in front of bookshelves who watch as the other officials make their way to the ribbon. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #480","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library and the men and women who are filing in before the start of the ceremony. There are folding chairs set up in the middle of the room that a being filled by people coming from the entrance vestibule at the back of the space. Behind the circulation desk stands many men and women, presumed to be library staff, who watch as members of the public take their seats. In front of the audience stretching across the room, from the circulation desk to the railing of the staircase, is a long red ribbon. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #481","This folder contains black and white photographs pertaining to the Robert H. Robinson Library, dated from 1946 to 1950. The photos capture the Robert H. Robinson Library building, staff, and various events.","Black and white photograph of Sara Murphy Carr sitting at her desk in the Robert Robinson Branch of Alexandria Library. Carr has short, dark hair and is wearing a light-colored blazer and a dark-colored top underneath. She looks directly at the camera from a chair behind her wooden desk, which is topped with file folders, a box of catalog cards, a folded newspaper, and other items. Behind her is a cart filled books and behind her further are filled bookshelves, some are topped with more books or other décor. The photo is dated c.1948. Photo previously labeled as #494","Black and white photograph of Sara Murphy Carr posing for a picture in the doorway of the Robert Robinson Library. Carr has short, dark hair and is wearing a light-color jacket, dark-colored top, light-colored knee length skirt, with dark-colored shoes. She stands facing the camera and seems to have her hand on the knob of the front door that is slightly ajar behind her. A stoop and front step lead up to the front of the brick building and above the white trimmed door is a sign that reads \"Robert Robinson Library\" in dark letters. The photo is dated c.1948. Photo previously labeled as #495","Black and white candid photograph taken outside the Robert Robinson Library as Miss Bracie enters the building. Facing the front of the library, the photo captures a woman, identified as Miss Bracie, stepping up to the front door of the building. With her back to the camera, Miss Bracie wears a light-colored jacket and skirt, a much lighter-colored hat with black sash, and carries a dark-colored hand bag. The building, made of brick with a dark-colored metal roof, has one brick chimney on the left side and four narrow windows that are evenly separated by the white trimmed front door. Above the front door, just under an outdoor light, is a sign that reads \"Robert Robinson Library\" in dark letters. A cement walkway leads up to the door and is bordered on either side by shrubbery and grass. The photo is dated c.1950. Photo previously labeled as #496","Black and white photograph of Story Hour at Robert Robinson Library. Robinson Librarian Minnie N. Fuller, sits and reads to twelve children who either sit in chairs or kneel on the carpeted floor in front of her. Fuller has short, dark hair and is wearing a light-colored dress with light-colored shoes. Her head is tilted down and away from the camera as she reads the book and the children, both boys and girls, are turned to face her. Behind the children are three windows that have their blinds open. The photo is dated 1950. Photo previously labeled as #497","Black and white photograph of a group of men and women, presumably attending an event, at the Robert H. Robinson Library. Posed in two rows, nine women and three men are pictured together with some looking directly at the camera and others facing in different directions. All are dressed up, with the women in dresses and dress hats and the men in suits. One clergyman stands in the second row and is dressed in a clerical collar. One woman is identified as Alexandria Library Director Ellen Coolidge Burke (first row, second from the left) and she is dressed in a dark jacket, light-colored shirt, light-colored skirt, and dark-colored hat. Behind the group is a wall with a bookshelf and closed door. The photo is dated 1950. Photo previously labeled #498","Black and white candid photograph taken of Story Hour at Robert Robinson Library. Twenty-three children, listen as Robinson Librarian Sara Murphy Carr reads a picture book. Carr is wearing a light-colored outfit and dark-colored shoes. Her hair has been tied back away from her face and she looks down at the open book through her glasses. Many of the children have realized they are being photographed and have turned to face the camera, but a few have their gazes turned elsewhere. The space where the group sits is lined on three sides by filled bookshelves, some topped with more books or other décor. The photo is dated April 1946. Photo previously labeled as #499","Black and white photo of the 10th Anniversary of the Robert H. +Robinson Library. Seated in five rows, a group of men and women, some young and some old, pose for a picture inside the Robert Robinson Library. Not everyone looks directly at the camera, but all are dressed professionally. Some women can be seen wearing hats and dress gloves while the men can be seen in suit and tie. One clergyman sits in the back dressed in his clerical collar. Behind the group, the walls are lined with bookshelves that have been decorated with original art work of varying sizes. The photo is dated 1950. Photo previously labeled as #500","This sub-series contains records documenting the branches and divisions of the Alexandria Library system including the construction of the branches and information regarding their operations. The branches represented here include the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library, the James M. Duncan Branch Library, the Ellen Coolidge Burke Branch Library, the Robert H. Robinson Library, the \"New Branch\" (later known as the Charles E. Beatley, Jr. Central Library), the Special Services Division, and the Lloyd House (later known as Local History and Special Collections).","This folder contains miscellaneous records pertaining to the construction of the building addition to the Kate Waller Barrett branch of Alexandria Library in 1954. Documents include copies of contracts, proof of insurance, and other notes and correspondence related to the proposed addition to the Barrett branch.","This folder contains records pertaining to the construction specifications for the building addition to the Kate Waller Barrett branch of Alexandria Library in 1954. Documents include the Specifications report, prepared by the Alexandria Library Board, detailing the proposed requirements for the construction of the addition to the Barrett branch.","This folder contains financial records pertaining to the construction of the building addition to the Kate Waller Barrett branch of Alexandria Library in 1954. Documents include copies of vendor invoices, reports of money spent, and other related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to the process of selecting bids for which construction agency would carry out the construction of the building addition to the Kate Waller Barrett branch of Alexandria Library in 1954. Documents include copies of proposals, meeting minutes, press material, and other related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to monthly reports regarding the Robert Robinson branch of Alexandria Library, dating from December 1947 to December 1951. Documents include monthly reports on branch statistics, yearly fiscal report, discard lists, and other related notes.","This folder contains records pertaining to monthly reports regarding the Robert Robinson branch of Alexandria Library, dating from January 1952 to December 1955. Documents include monthly reports on branch statistics, and other related notes.","This folder contains records pertaining to monthly reports regarding the Robert Robinson branch of Alexandria Library, dating from January 1956 to May 1959. Documents include monthly reports on branch statistics, and other related notes.","This series is currently being processed and is not yet available for research use. Please contact Local History / Special Collections staff for more details.","This sub-series is currently being processed and is not yet available for research use. Please contact Local History / Special Collections staff for more details.","This sub-series is currently being processed and is not yet available for research use. Please contact Local History / Special Collections staff for more details.","This sub-series is currently being processed and is not yet available for research use. Please contact Local History / Special Collections staff for more details.","This sub-series is currently being processed and is not yet available for research use. Please contact Local History / Special Collections staff for more details.","This sub-series contains web-published resources that were created by, or are directly related to, the Alexandria Library in Alexandria, Virginia. This includes the Library website, Library social media accounts, Library blog, and the websites of Library friends' groups.","Website of the Alexandria Library in Alexandria, Virginia","Facebook account of the Alexandria Library in Alexandria, Virginia","Instagram account of the Alexandria Library in Alexandria, Virginia","Twitter account of the Alexandria Library in Alexandria, Virginia","Youtube account of the Alexandria Library in Alexandria, Virginia","Alexandria Library's blog which focuses on adult programs, events, and services including news and updates about the Library's collection, services, resources, and programs for adults","Online donation portal for the Alexandria Library Foundation, Inc. The Alexandria Library Foundation is a non-profit organization which provides funding for the Alexandria Library System in Alexandria, Virginia","Website of the Friends of the Beatley Central Library in Alexandria, Virginia. The Friends are a volunteer organizations which works to promote the interests and programs of the Library","Website of the Friends of Duncan Library. The Friends are a volunteer organization that supports the operations of the Duncan Branch Library, located in the Del Ray neighborhood of Alexandria, Virginia","Intranet website for Alexandria Library staff","Materials relating to the Alexandria Library Board have been moved from MS098 to the Alexandria Library Board Records (MS416).","Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Alexandria Library (Alexandria, Va.)","Alexandria Library Company","Alexandria Library Association (1897-1937)","Alexandria Library Society (1937-1953)","Burke, Ellen Coolidge","Duncan, James M., Jr. (James Morton), 1897-1967","Barrett, Kate Waller, Dr., 1858-1925","Beatley, Charles E., Jr., 1916-2003","Robinson, Robert Henry, Rev. (1824-1909)","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MS098","/repositories/2/resources/157"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Alexandria Library Records (MS098)"],"collection_title_tesim":["Alexandria Library Records (MS098)"],"collection_ssim":["Alexandria Library Records (MS098)"],"repository_ssm":["Alexandria Library"],"repository_ssim":["Alexandria Library"],"geogname_ssm":["Alexandria (Va.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Alexandria (Va.)"],"creator_ssm":["Alexandria Library (Alexandria, Va.)"],"creator_ssim":["Alexandria Library (Alexandria, Va.)"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Alexandria Library (Alexandria, Va.)"],"creators_ssim":["Alexandria Library (Alexandria, Va.)"],"places_ssim":["Alexandria (Va.)"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Alexandria (Va.). Library","Public libraries."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Alexandria (Va.). Library","Public libraries."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["13.86 Cubic Feet 30 boxes, 1 oversized box"],"extent_tesim":["13.86 Cubic Feet 30 boxes, 1 oversized box"],"date_range_isim":[1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research. Public access to some confidential personnel records is restricted, these materials are noted as such.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains confidential personnel records. Public access and use of these materials is restricted for 75 years from the date of creation of the document.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis site is only accessible to Alexandria Library staff and is not available for public research use.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions","Conditions Governing Access","Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for research. Public access to some confidential personnel records is restricted, these materials are noted as such.","This folder contains confidential personnel records. Public access and use of these materials is restricted for 75 years from the date of creation of the document.","This site is only accessible to Alexandria Library staff and is not available for public research use."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis finding aid describes and documents the updated arrangement of this collection as of 2023. Previously, the collection was organized into the following series: By Laws, Charters, and Agreements; Board; Annual Reports; Administration; Circulation; Construction; History; Publicity; Scrapbooks; Workshops; Queen/Barrett; Robert Robinson; Special Services; and Lloyd House. \"By-Laws, Charters, and Agreements\" and \"Administration\" have been combined into the new Subseries 1.2. Administration and Finance. \"History,\" \"Publicity,\" \"Scrapbooks,\" \"Workshops,\" and \"Photographs\" have been combined into the new Subseries 1.4. History, Programming, and Outreach. \"Construction,\" \"Queen/Barrett,\" \"Robert Robinson,\" \"Special Services,\" and \"Lloyd House,\" have been combined into the new Subseries 1.5. Branch Records.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe \"Board\" series has been separated from MS098 and combined with other records to form a new, separate collection of Alexandria Library Board Records.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe physical and intellectual arrangement of the Alexandria Library Records (MS098) has been updated a few times over the years, while remaining accessible to the public. Thus, the decision was made to maintain, as much as appropriate, the current order of the pre-existing collection as Series 1: Founding and 20th Century Records; and Series 2: 21st Century Records includes the new accretions to the collection as of 2023. Future accretions to this collection will either be added to Series 2 or form a new series.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSeries 1. Founding and 20th Century Records, 1937-2005\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries 1.1. Annual Reports\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries 1.2. Administration and Finance\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries 1.3. Circulation Records\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries 1.4. History, Programming, and Outreach\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries 1.5. Branch Records\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSeries 2. 21st Century Records, 1994-present\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries 2.1. Annual Reports\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries 2.2. Administration and Finance\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries 2.3. Branch Records\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries 2.4. Programming and Outreach\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries 2.5. Web Archives\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Notes on Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This finding aid describes and documents the updated arrangement of this collection as of 2023. Previously, the collection was organized into the following series: By Laws, Charters, and Agreements; Board; Annual Reports; Administration; Circulation; Construction; History; Publicity; Scrapbooks; Workshops; Queen/Barrett; Robert Robinson; Special Services; and Lloyd House. \"By-Laws, Charters, and Agreements\" and \"Administration\" have been combined into the new Subseries 1.2. Administration and Finance. \"History,\" \"Publicity,\" \"Scrapbooks,\" \"Workshops,\" and \"Photographs\" have been combined into the new Subseries 1.4. History, Programming, and Outreach. \"Construction,\" \"Queen/Barrett,\" \"Robert Robinson,\" \"Special Services,\" and \"Lloyd House,\" have been combined into the new Subseries 1.5. Branch Records.","The \"Board\" series has been separated from MS098 and combined with other records to form a new, separate collection of Alexandria Library Board Records.","The physical and intellectual arrangement of the Alexandria Library Records (MS098) has been updated a few times over the years, while remaining accessible to the public. Thus, the decision was made to maintain, as much as appropriate, the current order of the pre-existing collection as Series 1: Founding and 20th Century Records; and Series 2: 21st Century Records includes the new accretions to the collection as of 2023. Future accretions to this collection will either be added to Series 2 or form a new series.","Series 1. Founding and 20th Century Records, 1937-2005\n Subseries 1.1. Annual Reports Subseries 1.2. Administration and Finance Subseries 1.3. Circulation Records Subseries 1.4. History, Programming, and Outreach Subseries 1.5. Branch Records Series 2. 21st Century Records, 1994-present\n Subseries 2.1. Annual Reports Subseries 2.2. Administration and Finance Subseries 2.3. Branch Records Subseries 2.4. Programming and Outreach Subseries 2.5. Web Archives"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFounded as a subscription library in 1794 and serving as the public library of Alexandria, Virginia since 1937 – Alexandria Library has a long legacy of supporting early literacy and lifelong learning in our diverse community. The Alexandria Library builds community through its six branches by providing opportunities to learn, explore, create, and connect.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Alexandria Library Company (ALC) was founded on July 24, 1794 and operated a subscription library for nearly 150 years. In 1937, the ALC entered an agreement with the City of Alexandria and their collections formed the foundation of the city's first free public library. Since then, the Alexandria Library has grown into a system of six branches which serve the community of Alexandria, Virginia. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Kate Waller Barrett Library opened its doors on Queen Street in 1937; this was the first location of the Alexandria Library. It was named after Dr. Kate Waller Barrett – local humanitarian, social crusader, and political reformer. The Society of Friends granted a 99-year lease for use of its old Quaker Burial Ground on Queen Street as the site for the new public library building. This library has undergone several renovations and expansions over the years, in 1954, 1964, and 1993. When the Charles E. Beatley, Jr. Central Library was built, the Barrett Library shifted from being the main library to its current role as a branch library which serves residents of Old Town Alexandria and surrounding neighborhoods.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Robert Robinson Library, named for a grandson of one of George Washington's slaves, opened in 1940 to serve black residents of Alexandria. The establishment of this new branch library was motivated by a civil rights demonstration and lawsuit brought against the Library and the City of Alexandria. The earliest known civil rights sit-in was held at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library in 1939. Alexandria Attorney Samuel W. Tucker and five young African American men demonstrated this act of civil disobedience after being denied library cards. The Sit-In and following legal action resulted in the establishment of a new branch of the library to provide \"separate but equal\" library services to black residents. However, this new library branch never received the same support or funding as the main library and was never able to provide fully equitable services to the local African American community. The Alexandria Library officially integrated for adults in 1959, and for children in 1962. The Robert Robinson Library closed in 1962 and the building is now the site of the Alexandria Black History Museum. \u003ca href=\"https://alexlibraryva.org/1939-sit-in\"\u003eMore details about the 1939 sit-in and integration of Alexandria Library, as well as links to additional resources can be found on our website.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Ellen Coolidge Burke Branch Library opened on Seminary Road in 1968. This branch library was named after Ellen Coolidge Burke (1901-1975), who served as Director of the Alexandria Library from 1948 to 1969. The Burke Branch Library serves residents of the Seminary Hill neighborhood and surrounding areas. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe James M. Duncan, Jr. Branch Library opened on Commonwealth Avenue in 1969. The Duncan Branch Library serves residents of the Del Ray neighborhood and surrounding areas. This branch was named after James M. Duncan (1897-1967), who served as Chief of the Alexandria Fire Department 1924-1947, member of City Council 1949-1967, and member of the Alexandria Library Board 1950-1967. In 2005 the Duncan Branch Library underwent renovations and became the first City of Alexandria government building to have a \"living\" roof – a Green Infrastructure approach to reducing stormwater runoff and pollution in local waterways. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Local History / Special Collections Branch was established in 1976 and first housed at Lloyd House, a historic home on the corner of Queen and North Washington Streets. In 1999, after completion of the most recent round of renovations and expansions, Local History / Special Collections moved into the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library. Local History / Special Collections stewards many valuable resources documenting the history and culture of Alexandria and Virginia from the colonial period to the present.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Charles E. Beatley, Jr. Central Library opened on Duke Street in 2000. This new central library was named after former mayor of Alexandria, Charles E. \"Chuck\" Beatley, Jr. (1916-2003). Upon completion of the new main library site, library adminstration offices were moved from the Barrett Library (formerly the central library) to the Beatley Library.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 2015 the Library took over management of the Alexandria Law Library, located in the basement of the Alexandria Circuit Court on King Street. The Alexandria Law Library provides legal resources for the benefit of the entire Alexandria community, including its citizens, government agencies, local businesses, the judiciary, and members of the bar.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibraryva.org/about-us#timeline\"\u003eFor a more detailed timeline of the history of Alexandria Library, check out our website.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Founded as a subscription library in 1794 and serving as the public library of Alexandria, Virginia since 1937 – Alexandria Library has a long legacy of supporting early literacy and lifelong learning in our diverse community. The Alexandria Library builds community through its six branches by providing opportunities to learn, explore, create, and connect.","The Alexandria Library Company (ALC) was founded on July 24, 1794 and operated a subscription library for nearly 150 years. In 1937, the ALC entered an agreement with the City of Alexandria and their collections formed the foundation of the city's first free public library. Since then, the Alexandria Library has grown into a system of six branches which serve the community of Alexandria, Virginia. ","The Kate Waller Barrett Library opened its doors on Queen Street in 1937; this was the first location of the Alexandria Library. It was named after Dr. Kate Waller Barrett – local humanitarian, social crusader, and political reformer. The Society of Friends granted a 99-year lease for use of its old Quaker Burial Ground on Queen Street as the site for the new public library building. This library has undergone several renovations and expansions over the years, in 1954, 1964, and 1993. When the Charles E. Beatley, Jr. Central Library was built, the Barrett Library shifted from being the main library to its current role as a branch library which serves residents of Old Town Alexandria and surrounding neighborhoods.","The Robert Robinson Library, named for a grandson of one of George Washington's slaves, opened in 1940 to serve black residents of Alexandria. The establishment of this new branch library was motivated by a civil rights demonstration and lawsuit brought against the Library and the City of Alexandria. The earliest known civil rights sit-in was held at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library in 1939. Alexandria Attorney Samuel W. Tucker and five young African American men demonstrated this act of civil disobedience after being denied library cards. The Sit-In and following legal action resulted in the establishment of a new branch of the library to provide \"separate but equal\" library services to black residents. However, this new library branch never received the same support or funding as the main library and was never able to provide fully equitable services to the local African American community. The Alexandria Library officially integrated for adults in 1959, and for children in 1962. The Robert Robinson Library closed in 1962 and the building is now the site of the Alexandria Black History Museum.  More details about the 1939 sit-in and integration of Alexandria Library, as well as links to additional resources can be found on our website.","The Ellen Coolidge Burke Branch Library opened on Seminary Road in 1968. This branch library was named after Ellen Coolidge Burke (1901-1975), who served as Director of the Alexandria Library from 1948 to 1969. The Burke Branch Library serves residents of the Seminary Hill neighborhood and surrounding areas. ","The James M. Duncan, Jr. Branch Library opened on Commonwealth Avenue in 1969. The Duncan Branch Library serves residents of the Del Ray neighborhood and surrounding areas. This branch was named after James M. Duncan (1897-1967), who served as Chief of the Alexandria Fire Department 1924-1947, member of City Council 1949-1967, and member of the Alexandria Library Board 1950-1967. In 2005 the Duncan Branch Library underwent renovations and became the first City of Alexandria government building to have a \"living\" roof – a Green Infrastructure approach to reducing stormwater runoff and pollution in local waterways. ","The Local History / Special Collections Branch was established in 1976 and first housed at Lloyd House, a historic home on the corner of Queen and North Washington Streets. In 1999, after completion of the most recent round of renovations and expansions, Local History / Special Collections moved into the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library. Local History / Special Collections stewards many valuable resources documenting the history and culture of Alexandria and Virginia from the colonial period to the present.","The Charles E. Beatley, Jr. Central Library opened on Duke Street in 2000. This new central library was named after former mayor of Alexandria, Charles E. \"Chuck\" Beatley, Jr. (1916-2003). Upon completion of the new main library site, library adminstration offices were moved from the Barrett Library (formerly the central library) to the Beatley Library.","In 2015 the Library took over management of the Alexandria Law Library, located in the basement of the Alexandria Circuit Court on King Street. The Alexandria Law Library provides legal resources for the benefit of the entire Alexandria community, including its citizens, government agencies, local businesses, the judiciary, and members of the bar.","For a more detailed timeline of the history of Alexandria Library, check out our website."],"otherfindaid_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|8c5ffb42-5524-4dc7-a8b4-a73f7efd331e/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|894c2868-34c0-45cb-bbd7-b6116cb9124d/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|da857c0c-296a-44f7-ab6a-7c2ef7f6321b/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|2775e1f7-a255-42c9-bb05-66ec592b14d8/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|f0eba518-9a04-4088-93a1-f0cd5291c627/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|9ab292a5-45ac-48a7-8149-b59f50daf32d/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|2988ea9f-6da2-4aab-9e64-25c5f5ccba22/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|a960a00f-aef4-4102-a090-28ef0e774a1f/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|5e07d27c-0667-496c-9fc9-a759401ea84b/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|2dd86645-aee7-4dc0-a448-8b1a366ca43d/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|a7289215-eaca-4f70-9db5-d618c4b4268c/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|aaecee73-770b-4dc0-a5fb-ad424505e3af/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|5b2baaaa-f268-433b-bcd8-f7b58ee756fa/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|8f393379-c7c0-4289-aa97-126c07454c2d/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|65ba51a6-9980-437c-a0a8-9b812c7bcc1e/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|3cb9e051-78a0-4171-b705-aa095bc9dc16/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|e3006d3f-5648-4960-bfb3-9cde4dbd0ef8/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|aa233c09-5939-412e-ac97-bde4def034fd/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|b99e3355-3be7-4288-a295-1b89032f8de2/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|42d1f5cf-e5b5-4129-abf6-30490e68519e/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|32b50591-64c3-4030-995c-1b642c546c40/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|59d54aa3-37dd-419e-897c-f610719602b7/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|b5be668b-4c36-4186-8982-c16a1e229d20/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|5508d012-7643-425b-9b49-31611b2325d6/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|d3219ad0-703a-41e9-8972-5bfbaed888fe/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|d2bc9b53-ce4d-4869-b028-4ef1fcb073d8/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|b85331ca-2989-4d5f-a470-b747374c2e26/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|54f81cf7-7e77-4afc-86f0-85ee02d37d9d/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|90873c83-9782-4565-bbf8-4ed37cdb2e30/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|8e9971ee-f82c-4f42-a701-f3c0fd9ed4d2/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|7d24ac36-712a-4d1b-a5c3-39689988ba89/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|3898e720-d3d6-4504-aa3c-6ced13f46f0a/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|c930dfaa-faf1-4aaf-802c-aa69bc9d0255/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|42ee1234-2a7a-4586-b695-537409ca618d/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|b1455d2e-d41b-4e0b-a840-cddafdb00d1f/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|939d736b-20ce-4597-91fd-b898bae33ee8/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|aa0f3389-f894-4fd8-8646-a6279a20e2e8/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|bd555e9e-6bd1-4deb-ae8e-29fac38fa0f3/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|24ecb5a1-ca62-43cd-82dc-58e78eb5b0a6/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|ec845170-dd5f-4d9d-a3eb-2f7f54f28c45/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|fd71f510-2900-4932-b5c8-773d356aa74d/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|46aa3cbc-c3ca-428b-a3eb-9f864ded1fbe/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|a1b1a124-cb67-4004-8a52-cabc0540ba50/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|156e31ad-c793-4d9f-95e2-593309eba75f/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|d5866300-0f94-4c3e-be37-bfafcd4df310/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|e7f934e4-04aa-4a51-9c3a-696a98984e7b/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|cd7d450f-3958-4cfa-a637-a8e9b5f9a32e/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|78bf04d9-2a23-43c7-9f14-b6a1b23cacad/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|73f914f5-6412-43c7-983d-dec481f0f04b/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|1a5f9bab-d6c2-4194-ba71-5b17d55f7a72/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|a9ddda38-eeb7-4fdc-946b-729494c91c2c/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|1a453d9f-7d9f-4a8b-8204-d513852f7af7/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|37d51356-2123-4ac7-bcf3-9428ed029bd3/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|e9d4ae49-f62c-4abe-b5ce-d23640fbc58c/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|37dc006e-c5f4-459a-bffb-17c61fc31ccf/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|684bd62b-8c67-4e5b-a1ba-c1e58e3f39d7/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|ac73a1cb-67b8-4866-9499-bc01d4094795/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|2a3c6321-c868-4e7e-8ac4-50406bc2364f/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|5c81d4b1-2478-4441-a007-6e226a86dc57/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|4f88a2f1-2c40-4dff-8ea4-7d619258ddf2/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|9eea9153-d572-49d3-89e6-5dde9c707fb3/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_8d26fcf8-3240-42a3-980a-5a9b5c36a799/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_5f5caa20-94ee-4a8c-aa92-4846b9d4bb06/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_2ccfcc8f-1750-4827-93e5-a48b087f848e/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_57f3ac3b-1b71-4822-b7ab-d385c0745fd6/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_3f9debd1-c9cd-4829-9c4d-faeff29054eb/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_2a03f7ca-b38c-4d5a-806a-44e43d2cd07f/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_3cd4c4fd-ac94-4ecd-8b1c-ebbf68947ebf/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_377eaa24-a27b-4ab8-b9d7-e646dd0acd04/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_e8c1dbe2-0cd7-4630-8fa7-7c0a3600b2ba/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_ad33be2f-988d-46dc-8af1-7570646ec86c/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_c807fe07-5c93-4f45-b127-f34f69792d14/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_1050a027-9948-4d50-a0b8-9ad8209ddf43/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_9de17d10-3ff9-4b7a-8ada-bcb8516bbf44/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_0ddb12b6-9660-4beb-8c3e-1cddf6dbc5d6/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_92648e88-c666-4240-ba23-b63f38c2f7f5/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_baeb425f-988d-4260-b03d-42f14f27ed35/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_3dd28149-ff59-4338-9377-3b57908d60be/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_306e35f6-f6e4-4dc8-881f-de7789226254/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_d923bbd1-f787-40e4-b734-fe774de9d671/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_16446faa-6fa3-438c-8d22-508fb5086ea4/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_a4d69cb1-8bfa-4dcf-9fe3-8aba298089ee/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_2de9865f-5bba-4df1-823e-09dc3854550b/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_81823870-b373-467a-bcbd-6da2615b67fa/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_757b7a02-74da-4f7d-b452-452b6a1b03d2/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_08c3f44c-3a27-41ef-84b3-8d1119221242/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_08826eda-2d9f-487b-bafe-033492030b15/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_cfb5087b-4b70-4dd6-9ce5-47eab9f8cbb4/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_e11f0483-c0ae-4bb1-8f7b-5ce0309bcd1a/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|1cb336fd-b790-463d-8428-0107d1fb51ed/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_a98401b5-cece-43b1-8b86-13ae83f2d5d2/\"\u003eClick to view digital image\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_7217f04a-471e-4390-947d-d79144bf6bf3/\"\u003eClick to view digital image\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_b4694a54-c2de-4ce3-a020-1a42ec6dea9c/\"\u003eClick to view digital image\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_36e0020f-b6e2-4a1e-b595-22b71499d4a3/\"\u003eClick to view digital image\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_6fc46310-c142-46af-b700-3c65782a67ad/\"\u003eClick to view digital image\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_3bce1e32-92ea-40ce-b685-781487e455bb/\"\u003eClick to view digital image\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_be6795b0-32eb-4cde-b3e0-f0a64366f38a/\"\u003eClick to view digital image\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_62d33928-cff8-4acc-a43b-ee03a0f65e9b/\"\u003eClick to view digital image\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_9c0e9d98-b00d-4205-866c-8bd43f29d524/\"\u003eClick to view digital image\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_63d1c489-23ca-4587-b414-46d48961c2f9/\"\u003eClick to view digital image\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_0216e8ce-4243-4cca-9aa6-9abcc56d58ee/\"\u003eClick to view digital image\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_517ff26e-273c-4573-b8aa-aa627c5b0ebc/\"\u003eClick to view digital image\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_29801f28-6292-4b61-872d-b43c8b6d06c9/\"\u003eClick to view digital image\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_c6c9bafe-52e9-433f-8661-0018a88bc75d/\"\u003eClick to view digital image\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_b66676d3-9a94-46c8-a6ea-15307467d6f8/\"\u003eClick to view digital image\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_9a91b309-7768-4318-96f1-3cfbcbebfd01/\"\u003eClick to view digital image\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_047cc9f1-21a6-4413-9fad-423b2a6b1287/\"\u003eClick to view digital image\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_9def87fa-923f-42aa-91d4-d523b217572c/\"\u003eClick to view digital image\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_b600ef6a-88a3-4b9c-bf74-544ff932504c/\"\u003eClick to view digital image\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_41f7a306-87ba-4f8d-8bcb-0b1e585beab4/\"\u003eClick to view digital image\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_df338f73-4e79-4e24-ab1a-a79f6a7173ab/\"\u003eClick to view digital image\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_e7ad605a-1b53-4cc0-8c0e-19e79b6eae27/\"\u003eClick to view digital image\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_d4b38950-b6fc-4069-a664-af4b1ce0f9d3/\"\u003eClick to view digital image\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_7df4a52c-ca65-42cb-8c2c-09b723adf9b1/\"\u003eClick to view digital image\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_0f521b29-f4d6-4302-8cd8-a1eac6f300e2/\"\u003eClick to view digital image\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_6c25b7fa-1db7-42c9-8948-7d3805eb7108/\"\u003eClick to view digital image\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_24877cf2-aa65-4b49-aaee-e15fe97595e6/\"\u003eClick to view digital image\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|3631fba4-c057-4cf9-bbaa-5dda3f2aba99/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_36a3db3c-3fdc-4d8f-8605-6b19ca02bbcb/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_489cc776-71f8-4e02-9e21-c1c0a4f3d7eb/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_e132f549-c44e-400d-802b-1e0b138dfd87/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_a3fc3610-a308-41bd-b18d-1d646c686c93/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_ecc756a-5465-41dc-aa80-9bbe20a4e035/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_412c87c9-163e-4d24-9357-34df2d5b2e13/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_86226d16-3485-4c02-9899-416b154faf4f/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_d71c63e2-497e-4148-895e-76585974cc7f/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_1e293ccb-6685-4d42-8754-46ad7af35cd5/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_98258815-7f00-4c3f-9d17-c541d81a5b0d/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_cec40410-d1be-4bb0-9bab-39f7f1862657/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_a69eac6f-09a7-4ee9-8824-29f6b50aaa7c/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_d2489d87-1587-457a-9a0f-c6f94c163579/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_0d92ea83-e458-4751-9063-9fb3bd142972/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_f99b2dd5-b7a3-4b07-a02c-f4841a44a8d0/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_8273f353-7452-4a28-87e0-ce616e9f2824/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_c3e2b27f-4697-4fc4-a5ab-bde61ba57cc5/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_bfbbea77-dbaa-4eef-9079-275157ebaf30/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_65863205-3ff9-4761-84af-7761f2975e01/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_1691260a-b4bd-4744-85e2-d1169db31b74/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_cfaf4395-77de-4b9b-b77b-05a456df6544/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|18e5b879-6f2c-4dc3-89e5-443adff9d573/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_82a998a6-8b94-42a9-8a79-1581409e01ca/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_c56c7e77-c8f4-4e70-97bc-7514347c11a8/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_7002486d-6012-4b1e-8b7b-cb949e624ef4/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_0aa7d5cd-e501-4cba-a140-9205abd05e15/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_15a41923-5fd3-454c-99bc-2c496ecd248d/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_4f02dfee-b8f7-4fde-abd1-6f3963571a2c/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_e165e654-085c-4d9b-bf5e-786ed83b6f30/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|bfbbbe62-d9d3-4cf4-8778-a75f1176ded1/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|469929aa-96de-404c-b28a-dad33a3fbf61/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|fd1b19e2-354f-4a0a-b8cb-b7972dfd577d/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|e4d695b7-bcb3-4de9-a6da-69868a468dc0/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|a27070eb-8bbd-40f6-a778-8a6a471dab0d/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|4b87dab3-2ee7-4afd-acd2-c600aa643096/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|95a9052a-3434-468e-a53e-310b85f4798c/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|7df764bf-7bf5-4d68-9f36-283a4bd781fe/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://archive-it.org/collections/20256\"\u003eClick to view web archives\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://wayback.archive-it.org/20256/*/https://alexlibraryva.org/\"\u003eClick to view web archives\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://wayback.archive-it.org/20256/*/https://www.facebook.com/AlexLibraryVA/\"\u003eClick to view web archives\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://wayback.archive-it.org/20256/*/https://instagram.com/alexlibraryva/\"\u003eClick to view web archives\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://wayback.archive-it.org/20256/*/https://twitter.com/alexlibraryva/\"\u003eClick to view web archives\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://wayback.archive-it.org/20256/*/https://www.youtube.com/@AlexandriaLibrary\"\u003eClick to view web archives\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://wayback.archive-it.org/20256/*/https://outofthestacks.com/\"\u003eClick to view web archives\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://wayback.archive-it.org/20256/*/https://www.mightycause.com/organization/Alexandria-Library-Foundation/\"\u003eClick to view web archives\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://wayback.archive-it.org/20256/*/https://beatleyfriends.org/\"\u003eClick to view web archives\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://wayback.archive-it.org/20256/*/https://www.friendsofduncanlibrary.org/\"\u003eClick to view web archives\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"otherfindaid_heading_ssm":["Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital 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view web archives","Click to view web archives","Click to view web archives","Click to view web archives","Click to view web archives","Click to view web archives","Click to view web archives"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Item description], Alexandria Library Records, MS098, Alexandria Library, Local History and Special Collections, Alexandria, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Item description], Alexandria Library Records, MS098, Alexandria Library, Local History and Special Collections, Alexandria, Virginia."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAlexandria Library Board Records\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibraryva.libraryhost.com/repositories/2/resources/128\"\u003eAlexandria Library Company Records (MS002)\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Alexandria Library Board Records\n Alexandria Library Company Records (MS002)"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains the records of the Alexandria Library, documenting the administration and operation of the Library, dating from the founding of the public library in 1937 through the present. Included are administrative records, annual reports, financial records, circulation records, materials documenting the history of the Library, programming and outreach records, and records of the individual branches of the library system. Formats include textual documents, photographs, and ephemera.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Alexandria Library is an active organization, and so this collection is a living collection which will be periodically added to and updated. Check this collection guide for any future updates to the collection. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series contains materials documenting the Alexandria Library, from its founding as a public library in 1937 through the early 2000s. The majority of documents in this series pertain to the decades between 1950 and 2000. These records document the administration and operations of the Library and its individual branches, as well as materials documenting the history of the Alexandria Library. Documents include annual reports, financial records, correspondence, project files, and other administrative documentation. Also included in this series are ephemera and realia, photographs and other graphic materials, and some oversized materials.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis sub-series contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, as well as its individual branches. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1938 through 1942. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1943 through 1946. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1947 through 1948. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1949 through 1950. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1951 through 1953. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1954 through 1956. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1957 through 1959. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1960 through 1961. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1964. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis sub-series contains administrative and financial records of the Alexandria Library. Documents include correspondence, budgets and other financial records, affirmative action records, bylaws and agreements, official city proclamations, gift records, and other administrative materials.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to administrative and financial dealings of the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1937 through the 1950s. Documents include final copies of bylaws, charters, and agreements as well as draft documents, reference materials, and related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to administrative and financial dealings of the Alexandria Library system, dating from the 1950s through the 1992. Documents include final copies of bylaws, charters, and agreements as well as draft documents, reference materials, and related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to the Affirmative Action plan put in place for the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1975.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to the Affirmative Action policy used to create an Affirmative Action plan for the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1976.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to the Affirmative Action plans for the City of Alexandria, dating from 1976 and 1980. Documents include final Affirmative Action plans from both 1976 and 1980.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to the Affirmative Action plans for the Alexandria Public Library, dating from 1978 through 1982. Documents include reference material used to create the Affirmative Action plans including OSHA Recordkeeping guidelines and guidelines from the Department of Equal Employment Opportunity for the City of Alexandria. Other documents include Alexandria Public Library's Affirmative Action goals, and related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to the Affirmative Action reports for the Alexandria Public Library system, dating from 1974 through 1976. Documents include final Affirmative Action and Equal Employment Opportunity reports, and related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to the Affirmative Action reports for the Alexandria Public Library system, dating from 1977 through 1980. Documents include final Affirmative Action and Equal Employment Opportunity reports, sample forms, reference materials, and related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to the Affirmative Action reports for the Alexandria Public Library system, dating from 1981 through 1987. Documents include final Affirmative Action and Equal Employment Opportunity reports, sample forms, membership reports, reference materials, and related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to the Budget for the Alexandria Public Library system, dated from 1938 through 1944. Documents include draft material, proposed yearly budgets, final budget reports, press related to the budget, and related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to the Budget for the Alexandria Public Library system, dated from 1945 through 1948. Documents include draft material, proposed yearly budgets, final budget reports, press related to the budget, and related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to the Budget for the Alexandria Public Library system, dated from 1949 through 1951. Documents include proposed yearly budgets, final budget reports, and related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to the Budget for the Alexandria Public Library system, dated from 1951 through 1953. Documents include draft material, proposed yearly budgets, final budget reports, and related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to the Budget for the Alexandria Public Library system, dated from 1953 through 1955. Documents include draft material, proposed yearly budgets, final budget reports, and related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to the Budget for the Alexandria Public Library system, dated from 1955 through 1959. Documents include draft material, proposed yearly budgets, final budget reports, and related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to the Budget for the Alexandria Public Library system, dated from 1955 through 1959. Documents include , proposed yearly budgets, final budget reports, reference materials, and related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to the budget for the City of Alexandria's City Planning and Capital Improvement programs in regard to the Alexandria Public Library system, dated from 1950 through 1961. Documents include final budget reports, proposed budgets, proposed building projects, draft material, reference material, and related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to Rules, Regulations, and Review articles for the Alexandria Public Library system, dated from 1937 through 1955. Documents include inquiries regarding librarian salaries of other Virginia public libraries, proposed rules and regulations for Alexandria Public Library, final rules and regulations for Alexandria Public Library, meeting minutes, library directories, press regarding the library, and related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains a 2014 copy of the introduced House Joint Resolution No. 418 which details the historical significance of the 1939 Alexandria Library Sit-in to the House of Delegates, Mayor of Alexandria, and General Assembly and proposes that this information be conveyed at an upcoming ceremony.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to correspondence to and from Alexandria Library, dated from 1937 through 1951. Documents included correspondence, press regarding Alexandria Public Library, proposals for the planning and construction of the Robert Robinson Library, and other related notes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to correspondence to and from Alexandria Library, dated from 1952 through 1961. Documents include written correspondence, meeting and presentation notes, book acquisitions and acquisition proposals, and other related notes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to the professional and nonprofessional duties within public libraries set forth by the American Library Association, dated from 1948. Documents include the preliminary draft of the Descriptive List of Professional and Nonprofessional Duties in Libraries handbook.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to position descriptions and pay plans for Virginia public libraries, dated from 1950. Documents include a guidebook detailing all positions available with Virginia public libraries, their position descriptions, and recommended qualifications.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to \"Position Classification and Salary Administration in Libraries\", dated from 1951. Documents include a handbook titled \"Position Classification and Salary Administration in Libraries\", written by the American Library Association, detailing guides and standards for library administrative staff to utilize when creating administrative plans.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to information and guidelines for new City of Alexandria employees, dated from 1950 to 1986. Documents include guidebooks detailing fundamental information regarding being employed by the City of Alexandria, code of ethics, and guidelines for managers to effectively communicate employee evaluations.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis sub-series contains records documenting circulation statistics of the Library.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to circulation statistics for the Alexandria Library system, dated from 1937 through 1940. Documents include overall number of books circulated during a given year and ledgers detailing the number and genre of Adult books circulated each day of the year that the library was open to the public.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to circulation statistics for the Alexandria Library system, dated from 1937 through 1940. Documents include ledgers detailing the number and genre of Children's books circulated each day of the year that the library was open to the public.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to circulation statistics for the Alexandria Library system, dated from 1941 through 1942. Documents include ledgers detailing the number and genre of Adult and Children's books circulated each day of the year that the library was open to the public.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to circulation statistics for the Alexandria Library system, dated from 1943 through 1944. Documents include ledgers detailing the number and genre of Adult and Children's books circulated each day of the year that the library was open to the public.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to circulation statistics for the Alexandria Library system, dated from 1944 through 1949. Documents include ledgers detailing the number and genre of Adult and Children's books circulated each day of the year that the library was open to the public.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to circulation statistics for the Alexandria Library system, dated from 1949 through 1953. Documents include ledgers detailing the number and genre of Adult and Children's books circulated each day of the year that the library was open to the public.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to circulation statistics for the Alexandria Library system, dated from 1949. Documents include ledgers detailing the number and genre of Adult and Children's books circulated each day of the year that the library was open to the public.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to circulation statistics for the Alexandria Library system, dated from 1944 through 1946. Documents include ledgers detailing the number and genre of Adult and Children's books circulated each day of the year that the library was open to the public.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis sub-series contains materials of mixed formats documenting the history of the Library and its programming and outreach work. Documents include scrapbooks, posters, news clippings, correspondence, administrative documents, event programs, and photographs.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains materials pertaining to Alexandria Library history, dating from 1957-1961. Documents include newspaper clippings from various local newspapers, event photos, correspondence, and other related notes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to the history of Alexandria Library, dated from c. 1960. Documents include notes, correspondence, and copies of newspaper articles relating to the library.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to the history of Alexandria Library. Documents include copies of events schedules, event programs, summaries of the library's history, copies of newspaper articles relating to the library, and other related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to the history of Alexandria Library, dated from 1937 through 1947. Documents include newspaper clippings that detail library history, press, and publicity.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to the history of Alexandria Library, dated from 1955 through 1973. Documents include newspaper clippings that detail library history, press, and publicity.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to the history of Alexandria Library, dated from 1936 through 1954. Documents include summaries of the library's history, copies of newspaper articles relating to the library, and other related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to the history of Alexandria Library, dated from 1945 through 1985. Documents include copies of newspaper articles relating to the library, and other related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to publicity correspondence for Alexandria Library, dated from c. 1954-1986. Documents include correspondence relating to proposed exhibits, cosmetic changes to library branches, research inquiries, proof of membership, thank-you messages, plans for library news releases, and other related notes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to press releases for Alexandria Library, dated from 1947-1986. Documents include drafts of news releases, draft 5-year plan documents, descriptions of upcoming library programs, mock-ups for news articles relating to the library, and other related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to events related to Alexandria Library, dated from 1954 through 1992. Documents include programs from library events and other notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains biographical research materials about James M. Duncan, Jr. (the namesake of the Duncan Branch) which were collected by branch managers of Duncan Branch. Materials include notes, newsclippings, and photocopies of newsclippings.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains photographs of the 1995 ribbon cutting ceremony celebrating the re-opening of the Kate Waller Barrett Branch after renovations.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Eight people, presumed to be library officials, stand on the main floor of the Barrett Branch in front of a seated audience, in the midst of a ribbon cutting ceremony. The smiling officials cutting the red ribbon, who include six men and two women, are dressed professionally and each holds their own pair of scissors. Behind them are shelves of library books and a set of stairs that lead up to the second floor of the library. The seated audience of men and women watches as the ceremony proceeds. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #402\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Eight people, presumed to be library officials, stand on the main floor of the Barrett Branch in front of a seated audience, in the midst of a ribbon cutting ceremony. The officials, who include six men and two women, have not yet cut the red ribbon and are dressed professionally. Each of the eight officials holds their own pair of scissors. Behind them are shelves of library books and a set of stairs that up to the second floor of the library. The seated audience of men and women watches as the ceremony proceeds. The photograph is dated September 10th, 1995. Photo previously labeled #403\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. This candid photo of men and women milling around the first floor of the Barrett Branch was taken, presumably, after the conclusion of the ceremony. Some of the people pictured are in conversation with one another, while others are taking in their surroundings. In the foreground is a podium framed on either side by yellow flowers and an American flag. In the background are library books shelves and a set of stairs that lead up to the second floor of the library. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #404\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. This candid photo was taken amidst a crowd of people attending the ceremony on the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library. The men and women of various ages stand milling around the space. Some are in conversation with one another while others look in many directions, taking in their surroundings. Visible in the background is the entrance to the library that consists of floor to ceiling windows allowing natural daylight to stream in. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #405\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. The photo is of several people standing around on the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library. The three men and one woman in the foreground are in conversation with each other but only the two men on the right have realized the group is being photographed. The two men on the right are looking at the camera and smiling, while the women is still speaking and the third man is looking to his right with his back to the photographer. In the background are other people, some in conversation and some not, as well as empty chairs set up against filled bookshelves. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #406\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. A large audience of men and women have filled the main floor of the Barrett Branch, presumably watching as the ceremony unfolds. Some of the people are sitting in the middle of the space while the rest of the crowd have filled the available standing room, even standing in the sunlight filled entrance vestibule, at the back of the room, to catch a glimpse through the floor to ceiling windows. Regardless of placement, almost all the audience members have their attentions set on the events happening behind the camera, just out of frame. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #407\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Two women stand posing for a picture, on the main floor of the Barrett Branch, presumably after the conclusion of the ceremony. With their arms around each other, the woman on the left looks directly at the camera while the women on the right smiles at something out of frame on the left. In the background are more people, men and women, milling around the large indoor space. Some are in conversation with one another and others are simply moving about the space. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #409\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. The photo is of two smiling men and a young child posing for a picture together. On the left, the young child stands holding the hand of the man in the middle who has brown hair and mustache, is wearing glasses and is dressed in a dark-colored suit with a white shirt and red patterned tie. The man on the right, who stands with his hand on the shoulder of the man in the middle, has white hair and is wearing glasses and a dark-colored suit with a white shirt and blue tie. All three stand under a half visible, gold-framed, painted portrait of Kate Waller Barrett that is hanging on the wall behind them. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #410\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Three men and two children stand posing for a picture together. The three men are all wearing dark-colored suits with light-colored shirts and ties. The two children, one boy and one girl, stand in front of the men in the middle and on the right. The boy wears a light-colored button-down shirt and striped dress pants while the girl wears a striped, long-sleeve dress with black tights and black shoes with pink shoelaces. All five smile at the camera as they pose under a gold-framed, painted portrait of Kate Waller Barrett. The woman in the portrait has her white hair tied back in a bun and sits, posed in profile, and is wearing dark-colored clothes, with floral accents. A gold cross pendant hangs from her neck and a brooch is pinned to her chest. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #411\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. A woman stands posing for a picture with the portrait of Kate Waller Barrett hanging near the entrance of the Barrett Branch Library. The woman, dressed in a red blazer and skirt, smiles as she looks to left at something just out of frame. She stands below the gold-framed, painted portrait of Kate Waller Barrett. In the portrait, Kate Waller Barrett has her white hair tied back into a bun and sits, posed in profile, wearing dark-colored clothes, with floral accents. A gold cross pendant hangs from her neck and a brooch is pinned to her chest. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #412\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Three men and two children stand posing for a picture together under the portrait of Kate Waller Barrett that hangs near the entrance of the Barrett Branch Library. The man on the left has white hair and is wearing glasses, a dark-colored suit, a light-colored shirt and blue tie. He has his hand on the shoulder of the little girl to the right of him who wears a striped long-sleeve dress with black tights and black shoes with pink laces. The little girl holds the hand of the man in the middle who wears a dark-colored suit with a light-colored shirt and dark patterned tie. Next to him, on the right, stands the little boy who wears a light-colored button-down shirt and striped dress pants. The little boy holds the hand of the last man on the right who has brown hair and mustache, glasses, and wears a dark-colored suit with a light-colored shirt and red patterned tie. All five stand beneath the gold-framed, painted portrait of Kate Waller Barrett who has her white hair tied back into a bun. She sits, posed in profile, and is wearing dark-colored clothes, with floral accents, with a gold cross pendant hanging from her neck and a brooch pinned to her chest. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #413\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. The candid photograph is of four men standing in front of the portrait of Kate Waller Barrett that hangs near the entrance to the library. The two men on the left are greeting each other and the two men on the right are standing separately both looking in opposite directions towards things just out of frame. All the men are dressed in suits and ties and three out of four are wearing glasses. The leftmost man is holding multiple pairs of scissors and the second man from the right is holding an event program. Behind them, hanging on the wall is the gold-framed, painted portrait of Kate Waller Barrett who has white hair tied back into a bun and sits, posed in profile, wearing dark-colored clothes, with floral accents, with a gold cross pendant hanging from her neck and a brooch pinned to her chest. Also in the background, off to the left, is a child, seemingly in motion, appearing blurry in the photograph. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #414\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. The candid photograph is of a group of men and women standing around a table of computers on the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library. On the round table there are four white computers, each with their own keyboard and mouse. Two of the computers are in use, one by a man in dark dress pants and white shirt and the other by two people, a woman and young man, working together. In the background are other people milling about as well as library bookshelves and a set of stairs leading to the second floor of the library. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #415\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. The candid photograph is of two groups of men and women, some sitting and some standing, inside of the library presumably before the ceremony begins. To left is a group of seated people, partially blocked from view by a desk, and to the right is a group of men standing together in conversation. Between the two groups sits a small stage with an American flag, bordered at the front by small pots of yellow flowers. In the background are rows of both tall and short bookshelves in front of a glass-front room. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #416\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of two women and one man standing in conversation with one another. The two women are both in light-colored dresses and the woman on the right faces away from the camera and carries a purse. The man wears glasses and is dressed in a light-colored suit with a white dress shirt and patterned tie. The woman on the left looks across to the woman on the right as she and the man in the middle are looking at each other. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #417\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of men and women milling about inside the Barrett Branch. The people in the foreground seem to be in conversation with each other while others are having separate conversations in the background. The photo is being taken from behind a bookshelf decorated with a potted plant whose leaves have just started to come in to frame on the right side of the photo. Behind the people are more bookshelves, decorated with flowers, and a glass-front room. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #418\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photo of four men, one woman, and two children. Every person pictured is looking in a different direction, some seeming to be moving towards different parts of the room and appearing blurry in the photo. All of the men are dressed in suits, the woman wears a pink buttoned jacket, the little boy wears a light-color button-down, and the little girl wears a striped long-sleeve dress. Behind them on the wall hangs a gold-framed, painted portrait of Kate Waller Barrett who has white hair tied back into a bun and sits, posed in profile, wearing dark-colored clothes, with floral accents. A gold cross pendant is hanging from her neck and a brooch is pinned to her chest. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #419\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. The photo is of the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library. In the library stands many men, women, and children milling about the space. Some are in conversation with one another, while others take in their surroundings or speak to people sitting behind the circulation desk to the left of the photo. To the right of the photo is the beginning of a staircase that leads to the second floor of the library. Visible from the balcony, the second floor is filled with bookshelves. In the background, on the lower level, stands a small stage and podium framed by small pots of yellow flowers and an American flag as well as a glass-front room whose windows are letting in bright daylight. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #420\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. The photo is of the main floor of the Barrett Branch and there are men and women milling around in the space, some in conversation with one another and others taking in their surroundings. On the right side of the picture, some of the people stand in front of the circulation desk, decorated with pots of yellow and orange flowers. On the left side of the picture are some glass display cases displaying open books. In the background are the floor to ceiling windows of the entrance vestibule that are providing bright, natural light to the room. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #421\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Pictured is a large audience of men and women on the main floor of the Barrett Branch. Some of the people are sitting in the middle of the room while the rest of the crowd have begun filling in the available standing room, even standing in the sunlight filled entrance vestibule, at the back of the crowd, to catch a glimpse through the floor to ceiling windows. Regardless of placement, almost all the audience members have their attentions set on the events happening behind the camera, just out of frame. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #422\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a group of men and women, of differing ages, standing around a table of computers. At the round table, there are two people with their backs to the camera sharing the same computer, to their right is one woman at the next computer, and the next computer has a group of four sharing the same computer. In the foreground is a shelf that has been decorated with a pot of flowers, that have taken up the left side of the picture. In the background, behind the group of people at the computers is glass-front room and a few people within. Inside the room are bookshelves on the left wall and tables and chairs filling the middle. The windows on the back wall have had their blinds drawn to shade the interior from the bright daylight shining through. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #423\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of some people, both men and women, looking at the available materials on the bookshelves around them on the second floor of the Barrett Branch Library. Some of the men and women are browsing the shelves while others have begun reading their chosen materials. In the foreground are shorter bookshelves, with one man crouching to get a better look at the offerings on the bottom shelf. In the background are taller bookshelves, that almost reach from floor to ceiling. Behind the taller bookshelves are some tables and chairs that have been backlit by the daylight coming through the windows on the back wall. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #424\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a seated audience facing a group of people who seem like library officials seated at the front of the room. The seated audience is facing away from the camera and the group of men and women at the front of the room are applauding in welcome to the man who is standing at the front of the room. He has brown hair and mustache, is wearing glasses and a grey suit with dark tie. Off to the right of the photo is a staircase that leads to the second floor whose balcony sits above the group of clapping men and women. Behind them stands bookshelves, completely filled, that almost reach from floor to ceiling. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #425\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a woman speaking to an audience from an elevated podium. The woman, dressed in a red blazer and white shirt, is looking through her glasses out over the audience. Behind her is both short and tall bookshelves, as well as a wall of glass, and to the left stands an American flag. The woman at the podium stands below the second-floor balcony of the Barrett Branch where three musicians sit with music stands in front of them and bookshelves at their back. In the foreground, somewhat blocking the view of the seated audience, is the circulation desk topped with stacks of paper. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #426\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a seated audience, extending out of frame, who have their attention on a man speaking from an elevated podium. The man at podium, dressed in a dark-colored suit with a white shirt and red tie, is looking down at the podium through his glasses. Behind the podium are rows of book shelves, both short and tall with some decorated with flowers, as well as a glass-front room. The man at the podium stands beneath the second-floor balcony of the Barrett Branch Library. Visible through the balcony's railing are filled bookshelves. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #427\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a man speaking from behind a podium. The man is standing, dressed in a dark-colored suit with a white shirt and dark patterned tie, looking down at the podium through his dark tinted glasses. Behind him are rows of book shelves, both short and tall with some decorated with flowers, as well as a glass-front room. The podium stands below the second-floor balcony of the Barrett Branch Library where three chairs and two music stands are set up. The right most chair is occupied by a person in white shirt and dark pants. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #428\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a woman speaking from an elevated podium. The woman, dressed in a blue dress and matching blue jacket, looks out to an audience just out of frame and she is observed by a small panel of professionally dressed men and women, presumed to be other library officials, on the right side of the picture. The picture is being taken from behind the circulation desk, complete with computer, receipt printer, and landline phone. A pot of yellow, orange and red flowers sits atop the desk, partially blocking an American flag from view. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #429\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a woman speaking from an elevated podium in front of an audience of people that extends out of frame. The woman, dressed in a pink blazer over a dark patterned dress with a string of pearls around her neck, is looking down at the podium while the audience listens. Behind her are rows of book shelves, both short and tall with some decorated with flowers, as well as a glass-front room. The speaker and podium stand beneath an the second-floor balcony of the Barrett Branch Library, where three chairs, music stands, and musicians are seated and viewable through the balcony's railing. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #430\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains photographs of the 1995 ribbon cutting ceremony celebrating the re-opening of the Kate Waller Barrett Branch after renovations.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a man speaking to an audience, extending out of frame, from an elevated podium. The man, dressed in a dark-colored suit with white shirt and dark patterned tie, is looking down at the podium while holding up a closed book in his right hand and paper in his left hand. Behind him are rows of short and tall bookshelves, some decorated with flowers, in front of a glass-front room. Above the podium sits the second-floor balcony of the Barrett Branch Library. Through the railing, three chairs, music stands, and musicians can be seen in front of filled bookshelves. In the foreground, on the left side of the picture, is the circulation desk topped with stacks of papers. The photo is dated from 1995. Photo previously labeled #431\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a woman speaking from an elevated podium to audience, which extends out of frame. The woman is dressed in a matching blue jacket and dress, and looks out over the audience at something not visible as the audience turns to follow her gaze. To her left and right are men in dark-colored suits and ties that also follow her line-of-sight. Behind her are bookshelves, both tall and short, and a glass-front room. Above the podium is the second-floor balcony and through the railing, three chairs, music stands, and musicians can be seen in front of filled bookshelves. In the foreground, blocking some of the audience from view, is the circulation desk with a computer and piles of paper. The photo is dated from 1995. Photo previously labeled #432\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. This slightly out of focus, color candid photograph is of a woman speaking from an elevated podium to an audience that is seated just out of frame. The woman, dressed in a pink jacket over a dark, patterned dress, is bordered by a group of seated men and women, presumed to be other library officials, on the right and an American flag on the left. Above the woman at the podium is the second-floor balcony and behind her are tall bookshelves and a glass front room. The photo is being taken from behind the circulation desk which has a computer and a pot of yellow, red and orange flowers. The photo is dated from 1995. Photo previously labeled #433\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a group of men and women in conversation with each other amidst the ribbon cutting ceremony. The group consists of four men and two women, presumed to be library officials, who trade smiles and handshakes in front of a clapping audience. Some of the members of the group are still holding scissors and the pieces of red ribbon that were cut as part of the ceremony. Behind them are bookshelves that extend backward into the space. The photo is dated from 1995. Photo previously labeled #434\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a group of men and women amidst the ribbon cutting ceremony. The group consists of three men and two women, some still holding scissors and pieces of the red ribbon cut during the ceremony. The smiling woman in the middle has offered a handshake to the man to the left of her as the audience applauds them. Behind the ribbon cutters are tall and short bookshelves that extend backwards into the space. The photo is dated from 1995. Photo previously labeled #435\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photo of a group of three men and one woman, presumed to be library officials, are trading smiles and the woman offers a handshake to the man on the far left. The woman has grey hair and wears a matching blue jacket and dress. The men are dressed professionally in suits and ties. They stand in front of a small stage and podium, lined with small pots of yellow flowers and decorated by an American flag. Behind them are bookshelves, both tall and short, that extend backwards toward a glass-front room. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #436\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. This candid photograph depicts several people standing behind the main circulation desk on the first floor of the Barrett Branch. In the foreground of the photo is a woman wearing a magenta dress and holding two books. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #408\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor portrait of an outdoor sign from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library after renovations were completed in 1995. On a bright, sunny day at the corner of a red-brick building sits a white sign that reads \"The 200 Block of North Columbus St. Welcomes the New Library\" and just below that it reads \"Thank You\". Propped up on a wooden easel, the sign is decorated by a single gold, metallic balloon that is moving with the wind. Behind the sign to the right are row houses and a parked car. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #441\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, a group of presumed library officials sit next to a stage and listen to the woman speaking from the podium. The woman has white hair and is dressed in a matching blue jacket and dress turns her head to welcome another woman who making her way to an empty chair among the group of officials. The woman being welcomed has tied back, brown hair and glasses and is wearing a colorful dress and black, t-strap shoes. Some of the men and women in the group of officials clap while others offer warm smiles to the approaching woman. Behind them is a small circulation desk and filled bookshelves. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #442\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor portrait photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, a group of presumed library staff stand behind the circulation desk and smile at the camera. Four women are directly behind the desk and five more seem to be coming out of the room just behind the desk. Some of the other women have realized their picture is being taken and look at the camera, while others have not and continue their conversations with one another. One man stands in front of the desk and has turned to face the camera while a final woman seems to being walking past him. Folding chairs are set up and extend out of frame and because each still has a paper program on it, it is likely the event has not yet started. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #443\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, two group of presumed library officials both sit and stand next to a small stage. Though not all the chairs are filled, the seated group includes three women and four men, all dressed professionally, who seem to be waiting for the event to start. The standing group, consisting of three men and two women, are all in conversation with one another. The woman in the middle with white hair, blue dress and light-colored purse is speaking and the remainder of the standing group leans in to listen. Behind them is the stage, decorated with an American flag, and both tall and short bookshelves that extend out of frame. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #444\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera aims at the circulation desk and the people that stand around it. Presumed to be library staff, four women stand together and all but one is smiling up at the camera. Other people, presumed to be library staff and officials, stand around the desk. Some are in conversation and others are looking in different directions around the room. In front of the circulation desk, extending out of frame, are rows of folding chairs each with a paper program on the seats. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #445\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Set up on the second-floor balcony of the Barrett Branch, are three female musicians in the midst of performing. All three are wearing white dress shirts and black bottoms and each sit in her own wooden chair across from sheet music on a music stand and plays from a flute. Behind them are a man and a woman in conversation leaning over the balcony railing to get a better view of what is going on the floor below. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #446\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, pictured is a man in a dark suit and tie speaking from a podium on a small elevated stage, which he shares with an American flag. Bordering the front of the stage are small pots of yellow flowers. To the left and right of the stage sit two groups of men and women, presumably library officials who have their attention on the man speaking. Behind them are rows of both tall and short bookshelves that extend back into the room and out of frame. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #447\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Men and women of varying ages stand milling around the main floor of the Barrett Branch library seeming after the conclusion of the ceremony. In the foreground, one man sits at a table with his hands on a computer keyboard and converses with the two women who are speaking to him. The woman on the left has short brown hair and wears a blue jacket and the woman on the right has short greying hair and wears a white shirt, denim bottoms, and carries a small purse. In the background is a larger group pf men and women, gathered around a table of computers. Behind are bookshelves that extend to the other side of the room where more people sit at tables in conversation. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #448\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Outside the front entrance of the Barrett Branch Library, in the shade of a tree, is a group of men and women who seem to be waiting for the library to open and for the ceremony to begin. On the front doors, illuminated by the sun, two signs read \"Re-opening\" and \"Sept. 10, 2PM\". Some of the group are sitting on the red brick retaining wall outside of the library while other stand in conversation closer to the entrance. The building is red brick, with white columns and white doors. A large, half-moon shaped windows sits atop the doors allowing natural light to fill the entrance vestibule within. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #449\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. The photo is aimed at the circulation desk where some people have begun to converse with the library staff behind the desk. In front of the desk, the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library has been filled with folding chairs where a few people have begun to sit. There are folded programs on each of the folding chairs, suggesting that the ceremony has not yet begun. On the right side of the picture are bookshelves that fill the space at the back of the main floor as well as the second floor, which is visible through the balcony railing. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #450\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the picture is focused on the group of men and women standing against the wall behind the circulation desk. There are nine women and two men visible, dressed professionally, and most of them seem to have their attention on something happening just out of frame on the right. In front of the desk on the left is the beginnings of a seated audience and starting from the circulation desk extending out of frame across the front of the audience stretches the red ribbon that has yet to be cut. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #451\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. A group of two men, one woman, and one young man are standing in conversation with each other next to a round table that currently holds computers, of which only the keyboards and mice are visible. The young man has dark hair and wears a blue collared shirt and the woman he is next to has short brown hair and wears a blue patterned dress and carries a white purse. The two men are both dressed in dark suits with light dress shirts. The man with glasses wears a dark tie. Behind them are some table and chairs separating the group from the tall book shelves that extend out passed both sides of frame. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #452\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, two men are pictured in conversation with each other while standing behind a podium on a small elevated stage. The men both wear suits with light-colored shirts, and the viewer is clearly able to see that the man on the left is wearing glasses and a tie. The man on the right has his back to the camera because his attention is on the other man who seems to be explaining something while pointing to something just out of sight on the left. In front of the stage are small pots of yellow flowers and beside the stage are rows of wooden chairs that have yet to be filled. Each chair has a folded program that seems to suggest the ceremony has yet to begin. Behind the men and the stage are bookshelves, both tall and short, that are filled with material. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #453\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Pointed toward the interior entrance of the Barrett Branch, taken from the opposite end of the main floor, men and women are milling about the space presumably after the conclusion of the ribbon cutting. In the foreground are men and women using the available computers and in front of them is a large gathering of people milling around the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library. Some seem to be in conversation with one another, while other seem to simply be moving around the space. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #454\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at where the ceremony will be held. A large seated audience of men and women is forming behind a red ribbon that has been stretched from the circulation desk to the staircase's railing on the opposite side of the room. The men and women standing behind the circulation desk are, presumably, library staff and the few men and women that stand on the other side of the red ribbon from the audience are the library officials that will be speaking during the ceremony. The library officials seem to be looking at someone just out of frame and two of them are waving to try and get their attention. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #455\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at the main floor of the Barrett Branch where folding chairs have been set up in the middle of the room for an audience that has begun filing in. Men and women of varying ages and dress are coming in through the bright, naturally lit entrance vestibule, stopping at the circulation desk, before finding an empty seat. The men and women behind the circulation desk are, presumably, library staff who are either in conversation with one another or watching the people who are filing into the library. Just in front of the audience, stretching from the circulation desk to the railing of the staircase at the opposite of the room, is a red ribbon that is being handled by a woman in a dark top and patterned skirt. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #456\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points at a small group of men and women who are seated in wooden chairs to the left of a small stage with a podium. Seated in two rows, the group consists of four women and three men, and are presumed to be library officials. They are all in professional dress, either in suits and ties or dresses and blazers, and the front row seems to be conversation with each other. Just behind them, extending backward into the space, are filled bookshelves. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #457\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a man speaking from a podium on a small elevated stage. The man, wearing glasses and dressed in a grey-colored suit with a white shirt and dark-colored tie, holds a book in one hand and paper in the other as he looks out at the audience in front of him. The men and women seated next to the stage, who are presumed to be library officials, have their attention on the speaker. The stage is bordered in the front by small pots of yellow flowers and framed in the back by bookshelves that extend backward into the space. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #458\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a small elevated stage and podium and the men and women that surround it. The men and women, presumed to be library officials, stand with their hands over their hearts as they face the American flag that sits on the stage. All professionally dressed, only one man and one woman stand on the stage while the others stand to either side as they seem to recite the Pledge of Allegiance. Behind the stage are rows of bookshelves that extend backwards and out of frame. Above the stage is the second-floor balcony of the Barrett Branch. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #459\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a small elevated stage and podium and the men and women that surround it. On the stage stands a brown-haired woman, wearing a floral-patterned dress and pink blazer, speaking from a podium to the audience that sits in front of her just out of view. On either side of the stage sits other men and women, presumed to be library officials, who have their attention on the woman at the podium. Framing the front of the stage are small pots of yellow flowers and behind the stage, extending backwards out of frame, are bookshelves. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #460\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains photographs of the 1995 ribbon cutting ceremony celebrating the re-opening of the Kate Waller Barrett Branch after renovations.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a small elevated stage and podium and the people that surround it. Although the picture is out of focusing, appearing blurry, a woman with red hair and glasses, wearing a red blazer and skirt, can be seen speaking from the podium. With their attention on the speaker at the podium, the men and women that sit next to the stage are presumed to be library officials. The stage, framed at the front by small pots of yellow flowers, backs up to rows of short bookshelves that extend backward out of frame. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #461\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a small elevated stage and podium and the people that surround it. On the stage, standing at the podium, is a man with glasses wearing a dark-colored suit and tie with a red pocket square. He looks down at the paper on the podium as he speaks to the audience in front of him, sitting just out of view. The men and women sitting next to the stage, presumed to be library officials, are dressed professionally as some turn their attention toward the speaker. The front of the stage is framed by small pots of yellow flowers and rows of short bookshelves sit at the back of the stage. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #462\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down on the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library where the audience sits as the ribbon ceremony goes on. On the left side of the picture, many men and women sit in folding chairs as they listen to the man speaking from the small elevated stage and podium in front of them. Stretching from the circulation desk, across the room, to the railing of the staircase is a red ribbon that separates the audience from the men and women on and around the stage. There are also men and women that stand behind the circulation desk, presumed to be library staff, that have their attention on the man at the podium, who is dressed in a dark-colored suit with a light-colored shirt. On either side of the stage, separated from the general audience, sit other men and women who are presumed to be library officials. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #463\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down on the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library where the audience sits as the ribbon ceremony goes on. On the right side of the picture sits a large audience of men and women that extends backwards out if frame. They are separated from the small stage and podium by a red ribbon that stretches from the circulation desk, across the room, to the railing of the staircase that leads to the second floor. Behind the circulation desk stands a few men and women, who are presumed to be library staff, who have their attention on the man that speaks from the podium. The speaker, dressed in a dark-colored suit and tie, looks down at the paper on the podium as he addresses the audience in front of him. The people sitting to left and right of the stage, who are separate from the general audience, are presumed to be library officials who are part of the ceremony proceedings. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #464\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a man standing in behind a podium on a small elevated stage. The man, dressed in a grey-colored suit and glasses, seems to have his head tilted down in pause to accept the applause he is receiving from the people around him. Next to the stage sits a group of men and women who are presumed to be library officials. One man and one woman can be seen clapping for the man on the stage. The front of the stage is framed by small pots of yellow flowers and the back of the stage is bordered by short bookshelves that extend backward out of view. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #465\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a woman standing behind a podium on a small elevate stage. The woman has grey hair, dressed in a matching blue dress and blazer, and looks out at the audience seated in front of her, just out of view. There is a group of men and women seated in three rows next to the stage, presumed to be library officials, who look and listen to the woman speaking from the podium. Behind the stage and the group of library officials are some tall and short bookshelves that extend backward into the space and out of frame. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #466\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library where men and women are milling around presumably after the ribbon has been cut officially opening the library. The men and women, of all ages and in varying dress, are either in conversation with one another or are on the move to a different part of the space. Some are making their way up the stairs and past whomever is taking the picture while others are moving towards the rows of bookshelves that extend backward out of frame. Barely visible amongst the people is a small stage and podium where library officials had spoken during the ceremony. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #467\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a small stage and the men and women that surround it. On the stage, standing behind a podium, is grey-haired woman in a matching blue dress and blazer who speaks to the audience seated in front of her, just out of view. On either side of the stage where the woman in blue is speaking from, sits two groups of men and women, presumed to be library officials, who have attention on the woman in blue. The front of the stage is framed with small pots of yellow flowers and the back is bordered by short bookshelves that extend backward into the space. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #468\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at the main floor of the Barret Branch where people have begun to move about the space, presumably, at the conclusion of the ribbon cutting ceremony. Some of the men and women are in conversation with each other while others have begun exploring the space and materials available. Visible among the crowd is the circulation desk, with a few staff members working from behind it. Across the room, also visible among the crowd, is the small stage and podium that library officials spoke from during the ceremony. Above the crowd, on the right side of the picture, is the second-floor balcony which has been populated by more exploring people. The photo is dated from 1995. Photo previously labeled #469\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a small stage and podium. Standing behind the podium is a man with glasses, wearing a dark-colored suit and tie, who is looking down at the papers on the podium in front of him. To one side of the stage is small group of men and women who are seated in three rows, all in professional dress. This small group of people are presumed to be library officials, as is the man in a grey-colored suit that is seated behind the stage. Behind the stage are short bookshelves that extend backward out of frame and the front of the stage is line with small pots of yellow flowers. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #470\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at the main floor of the Barret Branch wear a stage sits before a large seated audience. Separating the audience from the stage is a long red ribbon stretching from the circulation desk across the room to the staircase's railing. Behind the circulation desk, standing with their backs to the wall, are men and women who seem to be part of the library staff. On the stage stands a brown-haired woman, wearing a floral-patterned dress and pink blazer, speaking from a podium to the audience that sits in front of her. On either side of the stage sits other men and women, presumed to be library officials, who have their attention on the woman at the podium. Framing the front of the stage are small pots of yellow flowers and behind the stage, extending backwards out of frame, are bookshelves. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #471\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at the main floor of the Barret Branch wear a stage sits before a large seated audience. Separating the audience from the stage is a long red ribbon stretching from the circulation desk across the room to the staircase's railing. Behind the circulation desk, standing with their backs to the wall, are men and women who seem to be part of the library staff. On the stage stands a man with glasses, wearing a grey-colored suit, speaking from a podium to the audience that sits in front of him. On either side of the stage sits other men and women, presumed to be library officials, who have their attention on the man at the podium. Framing the front of the stage are small pots of yellow flowers and behind the stage, extending backwards out of frame, are bookshelves. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #472\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a small stage and podium as well as the people that surround it. Speaking from the podium stands a man with glasses, in a grey-colored suit and tie, who looks down at the paper in front of him. On either side of the stage sits two small groups of men and women, presumed to be library officials, who have their attention on the man on stage. All are professionally dressed and some hold programs probably pertaining to the ceremony. The front of the stage is lined with small pots of yellow flows and behind the stage are rows of short and tall books shelves. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #473\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at two groups of men and women on the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library. The group closest to the camera consists of six men and two women who are professionally dressed and seem to be library officials. Each woman shakes the hand of one of the men in the group. Behind them is a small stage and podium, that is lined with small pots of yellow flowers along the front. In the other side of the stage is another small group of men and women, also thought to be library officials. One woman seated at the front of the group, with white hair and patterned dress, is leaning forward to greet a woman with brown hair, black jacket, and skirt standing in front of her. Behind the two groups and the stage are bookshelves that extend backward out of frame. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #474\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a small group of men and women who are standing, in conversation with each other. The group, consisting of two women and five men, are all professionally dressed and seem to be library officials. Facing away from the camera, one woman with a pink jacket is shaking hands with a man in a dark colored suit and patterned tie. Behind this group is a small, unoccupied stage and podium and on the other side of the stage is another group of seated, presumed, library officials. Behind the stage are bookshelves that extend backwards out of frame. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #475\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. In the foreground of the picture, two unidentified women smile at the camera. The woman on the left has short blond hair, glasses, and wears a patterned collared dress. The woman in the left has dark brown hair and wears a dark blue top with a high neck. Behind them are more men and women who are milling about on the main floor of the Barrett Branch, presumably after the conclusion of the ceremony. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #476\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. The camera is pointed at the line of men and women standing at the circulation desk at the Barrett Branch Library. Presumably, these are members of the public who attended the ribbon cutting and are now exploring the new space after the conclusion of the ceremony. On the upper right-side of the picture, visible through the railing, is the second-floor balcony where people a standing amongst the bookshelves. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #477\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a man standing on a small stage, behind a podium. Though the camera is unfocused and the photo appears slightly blurry it can be determined that the man, dressed in a dark-colored suit with a white pocket square, looks down at the papers on the podium as the small group of men and women seated on the other side of the stage have their attention on him. The small group of men and women, who are dressed professionally, are presumed to be library officials that are part of the ribbon cutting ceremony. One other presumed official is seated behind the stage and is reading a piece of paper. Also, behind the stage and the small group of library officials, are rows of bookshelves that extend backward out of frame. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #478\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a line of people who stand facing a seated audience of men and women. The line of people is professionally dressed men and women, presumably library officials, who each hold onto a red ribbon that stretches across the room from the circulation desk to the railing of the staircase. The seated audience and the men and women standing behind the circulation desk smile at the line of officials as they cut the ribbon. One woman, with grey hair and blue dress, holds up her scissors and her portion of the red ribbon in celebration. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #479\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a man in a grey-colored suit who stands on a small stage. Looking down at the orange-handled scissors in hand, he faces a small group of men and women, presumed to be library officials, as they walk towards the left side of the photo. The man on the stage is handing out pairs of scissors to members of the ribbon cutting ceremony as they make their way towards the ribbon that is just out of view. Behind the man and the stage, is another small group of men and women seated in front of bookshelves who watch as the other officials make their way to the ribbon. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #480\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library and the men and women who are filing in before the start of the ceremony. There are folding chairs set up in the middle of the room that a being filled by people coming from the entrance vestibule at the back of the space. Behind the circulation desk stands many men and women, presumed to be library staff, who watch as members of the public take their seats. In front of the audience stretching across the room, from the circulation desk to the railing of the staircase, is a long red ribbon. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #481\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains black and white photographs pertaining to the Robert H. Robinson Library, dated from 1946 to 1950. The photos capture the Robert H. Robinson Library building, staff, and various events.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack and white photograph of Sara Murphy Carr sitting at her desk in the Robert Robinson Branch of Alexandria Library. Carr has short, dark hair and is wearing a light-colored blazer and a dark-colored top underneath. She looks directly at the camera from a chair behind her wooden desk, which is topped with file folders, a box of catalog cards, a folded newspaper, and other items. Behind her is a cart filled books and behind her further are filled bookshelves, some are topped with more books or other décor. The photo is dated c.1948. Photo previously labeled as #494\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack and white photograph of Sara Murphy Carr posing for a picture in the doorway of the Robert Robinson Library. Carr has short, dark hair and is wearing a light-color jacket, dark-colored top, light-colored knee length skirt, with dark-colored shoes. She stands facing the camera and seems to have her hand on the knob of the front door that is slightly ajar behind her. A stoop and front step lead up to the front of the brick building and above the white trimmed door is a sign that reads \"Robert Robinson Library\" in dark letters. The photo is dated c.1948. Photo previously labeled as #495\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack and white candid photograph taken outside the Robert Robinson Library as Miss Bracie enters the building. Facing the front of the library, the photo captures a woman, identified as Miss Bracie, stepping up to the front door of the building. With her back to the camera, Miss Bracie wears a light-colored jacket and skirt, a much lighter-colored hat with black sash, and carries a dark-colored hand bag. The building, made of brick with a dark-colored metal roof, has one brick chimney on the left side and four narrow windows that are evenly separated by the white trimmed front door. Above the front door, just under an outdoor light, is a sign that reads \"Robert Robinson Library\" in dark letters. A cement walkway leads up to the door and is bordered on either side by shrubbery and grass. The photo is dated c.1950. Photo previously labeled as #496\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack and white photograph of Story Hour at Robert Robinson Library. Robinson Librarian Minnie N. Fuller, sits and reads to twelve children who either sit in chairs or kneel on the carpeted floor in front of her. Fuller has short, dark hair and is wearing a light-colored dress with light-colored shoes. Her head is tilted down and away from the camera as she reads the book and the children, both boys and girls, are turned to face her. Behind the children are three windows that have their blinds open. The photo is dated 1950. Photo previously labeled as #497\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack and white photograph of a group of men and women, presumably attending an event, at the Robert H. Robinson Library. Posed in two rows, nine women and three men are pictured together with some looking directly at the camera and others facing in different directions. All are dressed up, with the women in dresses and dress hats and the men in suits. One clergyman stands in the second row and is dressed in a clerical collar. One woman is identified as Alexandria Library Director Ellen Coolidge Burke (first row, second from the left) and she is dressed in a dark jacket, light-colored shirt, light-colored skirt, and dark-colored hat. Behind the group is a wall with a bookshelf and closed door. The photo is dated 1950. Photo previously labeled #498\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack and white candid photograph taken of Story Hour at Robert Robinson Library. Twenty-three children, listen as Robinson Librarian Sara Murphy Carr reads a picture book. Carr is wearing a light-colored outfit and dark-colored shoes. Her hair has been tied back away from her face and she looks down at the open book through her glasses. Many of the children have realized they are being photographed and have turned to face the camera, but a few have their gazes turned elsewhere. The space where the group sits is lined on three sides by filled bookshelves, some topped with more books or other décor. The photo is dated April 1946. Photo previously labeled as #499\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack and white photo of the 10th Anniversary of the Robert H. +Robinson Library. Seated in five rows, a group of men and women, some young and some old, pose for a picture inside the Robert Robinson Library. Not everyone looks directly at the camera, but all are dressed professionally. Some women can be seen wearing hats and dress gloves while the men can be seen in suit and tie. One clergyman sits in the back dressed in his clerical collar. Behind the group, the walls are lined with bookshelves that have been decorated with original art work of varying sizes. The photo is dated 1950. Photo previously labeled as #500\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis sub-series contains records documenting the branches and divisions of the Alexandria Library system including the construction of the branches and information regarding their operations. The branches represented here include the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library, the James M. Duncan Branch Library, the Ellen Coolidge Burke Branch Library, the Robert H. Robinson Library, the \"New Branch\" (later known as the Charles E. Beatley, Jr. Central Library), the Special Services Division, and the Lloyd House (later known as Local History and Special Collections).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains miscellaneous records pertaining to the construction of the building addition to the Kate Waller Barrett branch of Alexandria Library in 1954. Documents include copies of contracts, proof of insurance, and other notes and correspondence related to the proposed addition to the Barrett branch.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to the construction specifications for the building addition to the Kate Waller Barrett branch of Alexandria Library in 1954. Documents include the Specifications report, prepared by the Alexandria Library Board, detailing the proposed requirements for the construction of the addition to the Barrett branch.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains financial records pertaining to the construction of the building addition to the Kate Waller Barrett branch of Alexandria Library in 1954. Documents include copies of vendor invoices, reports of money spent, and other related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to the process of selecting bids for which construction agency would carry out the construction of the building addition to the Kate Waller Barrett branch of Alexandria Library in 1954. Documents include copies of proposals, meeting minutes, press material, and other related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to monthly reports regarding the Robert Robinson branch of Alexandria Library, dating from December 1947 to December 1951. Documents include monthly reports on branch statistics, yearly fiscal report, discard lists, and other related notes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to monthly reports regarding the Robert Robinson branch of Alexandria Library, dating from January 1952 to December 1955. Documents include monthly reports on branch statistics, and other related notes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to monthly reports regarding the Robert Robinson branch of Alexandria Library, dating from January 1956 to May 1959. Documents include monthly reports on branch statistics, and other related notes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series is currently being processed and is not yet available for research use. Please contact Local History / Special Collections staff for more details.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis sub-series is currently being processed and is not yet available for research use. Please contact Local History / Special Collections staff for more details.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis sub-series is currently being processed and is not yet available for research use. Please contact Local History / Special Collections staff for more details.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis sub-series is currently being processed and is not yet available for research use. Please contact Local History / Special Collections staff for more details.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis sub-series is currently being processed and is not yet available for research use. Please contact Local History / Special Collections staff for more details.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis sub-series contains web-published resources that were created by, or are directly related to, the Alexandria Library in Alexandria, Virginia. This includes the Library website, Library social media accounts, Library blog, and the websites of Library friends' groups.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWebsite of the Alexandria Library in Alexandria, Virginia\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFacebook account of the Alexandria Library in Alexandria, Virginia\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInstagram account of the Alexandria Library in Alexandria, Virginia\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwitter account of the Alexandria Library in Alexandria, Virginia\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eYoutube account of the Alexandria Library in Alexandria, Virginia\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlexandria Library's blog which focuses on adult programs, events, and services including news and updates about the Library's collection, services, resources, and programs for adults\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOnline donation portal for the Alexandria Library Foundation, Inc. The Alexandria Library Foundation is a non-profit organization which provides funding for the Alexandria Library System in Alexandria, Virginia\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWebsite of the Friends of the Beatley Central Library in Alexandria, Virginia. The Friends are a volunteer organizations which works to promote the interests and programs of the Library\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWebsite of the Friends of Duncan Library. The Friends are a volunteer organization that supports the operations of the Duncan Branch Library, located in the Del Ray neighborhood of Alexandria, Virginia\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIntranet website for Alexandria Library staff\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description","Series Content Description","Sub-Series Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Sub-Series Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Sub-Series Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Sub-Series Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Sub-Series Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Description","Content Description","Description","Description","Description","Description","Description","Description","Description","Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains the records of the Alexandria Library, documenting the administration and operation of the Library, dating from the founding of the public library in 1937 through the present. Included are administrative records, annual reports, financial records, circulation records, materials documenting the history of the Library, programming and outreach records, and records of the individual branches of the library system. Formats include textual documents, photographs, and ephemera.","The Alexandria Library is an active organization, and so this collection is a living collection which will be periodically added to and updated. Check this collection guide for any future updates to the collection. ","This series contains materials documenting the Alexandria Library, from its founding as a public library in 1937 through the early 2000s. The majority of documents in this series pertain to the decades between 1950 and 2000. These records document the administration and operations of the Library and its individual branches, as well as materials documenting the history of the Alexandria Library. Documents include annual reports, financial records, correspondence, project files, and other administrative documentation. Also included in this series are ephemera and realia, photographs and other graphic materials, and some oversized materials.","This sub-series contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, as well as its individual branches. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1938 through 1942. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1943 through 1946. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1947 through 1948. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1949 through 1950. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1951 through 1953. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1954 through 1956. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1957 through 1959. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1960 through 1961. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1964. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence.","This sub-series contains administrative and financial records of the Alexandria Library. Documents include correspondence, budgets and other financial records, affirmative action records, bylaws and agreements, official city proclamations, gift records, and other administrative materials.","This folder contains records pertaining to administrative and financial dealings of the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1937 through the 1950s. Documents include final copies of bylaws, charters, and agreements as well as draft documents, reference materials, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to administrative and financial dealings of the Alexandria Library system, dating from the 1950s through the 1992. Documents include final copies of bylaws, charters, and agreements as well as draft documents, reference materials, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to the Affirmative Action plan put in place for the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1975.","This folder contains records pertaining to the Affirmative Action policy used to create an Affirmative Action plan for the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1976.","This folder contains records pertaining to the Affirmative Action plans for the City of Alexandria, dating from 1976 and 1980. Documents include final Affirmative Action plans from both 1976 and 1980.","This folder contains records pertaining to the Affirmative Action plans for the Alexandria Public Library, dating from 1978 through 1982. Documents include reference material used to create the Affirmative Action plans including OSHA Recordkeeping guidelines and guidelines from the Department of Equal Employment Opportunity for the City of Alexandria. Other documents include Alexandria Public Library's Affirmative Action goals, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to the Affirmative Action reports for the Alexandria Public Library system, dating from 1974 through 1976. Documents include final Affirmative Action and Equal Employment Opportunity reports, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to the Affirmative Action reports for the Alexandria Public Library system, dating from 1977 through 1980. Documents include final Affirmative Action and Equal Employment Opportunity reports, sample forms, reference materials, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to the Affirmative Action reports for the Alexandria Public Library system, dating from 1981 through 1987. Documents include final Affirmative Action and Equal Employment Opportunity reports, sample forms, membership reports, reference materials, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to the Budget for the Alexandria Public Library system, dated from 1938 through 1944. Documents include draft material, proposed yearly budgets, final budget reports, press related to the budget, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to the Budget for the Alexandria Public Library system, dated from 1945 through 1948. Documents include draft material, proposed yearly budgets, final budget reports, press related to the budget, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to the Budget for the Alexandria Public Library system, dated from 1949 through 1951. Documents include proposed yearly budgets, final budget reports, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to the Budget for the Alexandria Public Library system, dated from 1951 through 1953. Documents include draft material, proposed yearly budgets, final budget reports, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to the Budget for the Alexandria Public Library system, dated from 1953 through 1955. Documents include draft material, proposed yearly budgets, final budget reports, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to the Budget for the Alexandria Public Library system, dated from 1955 through 1959. Documents include draft material, proposed yearly budgets, final budget reports, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to the Budget for the Alexandria Public Library system, dated from 1955 through 1959. Documents include , proposed yearly budgets, final budget reports, reference materials, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to the budget for the City of Alexandria's City Planning and Capital Improvement programs in regard to the Alexandria Public Library system, dated from 1950 through 1961. Documents include final budget reports, proposed budgets, proposed building projects, draft material, reference material, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to Rules, Regulations, and Review articles for the Alexandria Public Library system, dated from 1937 through 1955. Documents include inquiries regarding librarian salaries of other Virginia public libraries, proposed rules and regulations for Alexandria Public Library, final rules and regulations for Alexandria Public Library, meeting minutes, library directories, press regarding the library, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains a 2014 copy of the introduced House Joint Resolution No. 418 which details the historical significance of the 1939 Alexandria Library Sit-in to the House of Delegates, Mayor of Alexandria, and General Assembly and proposes that this information be conveyed at an upcoming ceremony.","This folder contains records pertaining to correspondence to and from Alexandria Library, dated from 1937 through 1951. Documents included correspondence, press regarding Alexandria Public Library, proposals for the planning and construction of the Robert Robinson Library, and other related notes.","This folder contains records pertaining to correspondence to and from Alexandria Library, dated from 1952 through 1961. Documents include written correspondence, meeting and presentation notes, book acquisitions and acquisition proposals, and other related notes.","This folder contains records pertaining to the professional and nonprofessional duties within public libraries set forth by the American Library Association, dated from 1948. Documents include the preliminary draft of the Descriptive List of Professional and Nonprofessional Duties in Libraries handbook.","This folder contains records pertaining to position descriptions and pay plans for Virginia public libraries, dated from 1950. Documents include a guidebook detailing all positions available with Virginia public libraries, their position descriptions, and recommended qualifications.","This folder contains records pertaining to \"Position Classification and Salary Administration in Libraries\", dated from 1951. Documents include a handbook titled \"Position Classification and Salary Administration in Libraries\", written by the American Library Association, detailing guides and standards for library administrative staff to utilize when creating administrative plans.","This folder contains records pertaining to information and guidelines for new City of Alexandria employees, dated from 1950 to 1986. Documents include guidebooks detailing fundamental information regarding being employed by the City of Alexandria, code of ethics, and guidelines for managers to effectively communicate employee evaluations.","This sub-series contains records documenting circulation statistics of the Library.","This folder contains records pertaining to circulation statistics for the Alexandria Library system, dated from 1937 through 1940. Documents include overall number of books circulated during a given year and ledgers detailing the number and genre of Adult books circulated each day of the year that the library was open to the public.","This folder contains records pertaining to circulation statistics for the Alexandria Library system, dated from 1937 through 1940. Documents include ledgers detailing the number and genre of Children's books circulated each day of the year that the library was open to the public.","This folder contains records pertaining to circulation statistics for the Alexandria Library system, dated from 1941 through 1942. Documents include ledgers detailing the number and genre of Adult and Children's books circulated each day of the year that the library was open to the public.","This folder contains records pertaining to circulation statistics for the Alexandria Library system, dated from 1943 through 1944. Documents include ledgers detailing the number and genre of Adult and Children's books circulated each day of the year that the library was open to the public.","This folder contains records pertaining to circulation statistics for the Alexandria Library system, dated from 1944 through 1949. Documents include ledgers detailing the number and genre of Adult and Children's books circulated each day of the year that the library was open to the public.","This folder contains records pertaining to circulation statistics for the Alexandria Library system, dated from 1949 through 1953. Documents include ledgers detailing the number and genre of Adult and Children's books circulated each day of the year that the library was open to the public.","This folder contains records pertaining to circulation statistics for the Alexandria Library system, dated from 1949. Documents include ledgers detailing the number and genre of Adult and Children's books circulated each day of the year that the library was open to the public.","This folder contains records pertaining to circulation statistics for the Alexandria Library system, dated from 1944 through 1946. Documents include ledgers detailing the number and genre of Adult and Children's books circulated each day of the year that the library was open to the public.","This sub-series contains materials of mixed formats documenting the history of the Library and its programming and outreach work. Documents include scrapbooks, posters, news clippings, correspondence, administrative documents, event programs, and photographs.","This folder contains materials pertaining to Alexandria Library history, dating from 1957-1961. Documents include newspaper clippings from various local newspapers, event photos, correspondence, and other related notes.","This folder contains records pertaining to the history of Alexandria Library, dated from c. 1960. Documents include notes, correspondence, and copies of newspaper articles relating to the library.","This folder contains records pertaining to the history of Alexandria Library. Documents include copies of events schedules, event programs, summaries of the library's history, copies of newspaper articles relating to the library, and other related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to the history of Alexandria Library, dated from 1937 through 1947. Documents include newspaper clippings that detail library history, press, and publicity.","This folder contains records pertaining to the history of Alexandria Library, dated from 1955 through 1973. Documents include newspaper clippings that detail library history, press, and publicity.","This folder contains records pertaining to the history of Alexandria Library, dated from 1936 through 1954. Documents include summaries of the library's history, copies of newspaper articles relating to the library, and other related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to the history of Alexandria Library, dated from 1945 through 1985. Documents include copies of newspaper articles relating to the library, and other related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to publicity correspondence for Alexandria Library, dated from c. 1954-1986. Documents include correspondence relating to proposed exhibits, cosmetic changes to library branches, research inquiries, proof of membership, thank-you messages, plans for library news releases, and other related notes.","This folder contains records pertaining to press releases for Alexandria Library, dated from 1947-1986. Documents include drafts of news releases, draft 5-year plan documents, descriptions of upcoming library programs, mock-ups for news articles relating to the library, and other related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to events related to Alexandria Library, dated from 1954 through 1992. Documents include programs from library events and other notes and correspondence.","This folder contains biographical research materials about James M. Duncan, Jr. (the namesake of the Duncan Branch) which were collected by branch managers of Duncan Branch. Materials include notes, newsclippings, and photocopies of newsclippings.","This folder contains photographs of the 1995 ribbon cutting ceremony celebrating the re-opening of the Kate Waller Barrett Branch after renovations.","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Eight people, presumed to be library officials, stand on the main floor of the Barrett Branch in front of a seated audience, in the midst of a ribbon cutting ceremony. The smiling officials cutting the red ribbon, who include six men and two women, are dressed professionally and each holds their own pair of scissors. Behind them are shelves of library books and a set of stairs that lead up to the second floor of the library. The seated audience of men and women watches as the ceremony proceeds. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #402","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Eight people, presumed to be library officials, stand on the main floor of the Barrett Branch in front of a seated audience, in the midst of a ribbon cutting ceremony. The officials, who include six men and two women, have not yet cut the red ribbon and are dressed professionally. Each of the eight officials holds their own pair of scissors. Behind them are shelves of library books and a set of stairs that up to the second floor of the library. The seated audience of men and women watches as the ceremony proceeds. The photograph is dated September 10th, 1995. Photo previously labeled #403","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. This candid photo of men and women milling around the first floor of the Barrett Branch was taken, presumably, after the conclusion of the ceremony. Some of the people pictured are in conversation with one another, while others are taking in their surroundings. In the foreground is a podium framed on either side by yellow flowers and an American flag. In the background are library books shelves and a set of stairs that lead up to the second floor of the library. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #404","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. This candid photo was taken amidst a crowd of people attending the ceremony on the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library. The men and women of various ages stand milling around the space. Some are in conversation with one another while others look in many directions, taking in their surroundings. Visible in the background is the entrance to the library that consists of floor to ceiling windows allowing natural daylight to stream in. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #405","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. The photo is of several people standing around on the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library. The three men and one woman in the foreground are in conversation with each other but only the two men on the right have realized the group is being photographed. The two men on the right are looking at the camera and smiling, while the women is still speaking and the third man is looking to his right with his back to the photographer. In the background are other people, some in conversation and some not, as well as empty chairs set up against filled bookshelves. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #406","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. A large audience of men and women have filled the main floor of the Barrett Branch, presumably watching as the ceremony unfolds. Some of the people are sitting in the middle of the space while the rest of the crowd have filled the available standing room, even standing in the sunlight filled entrance vestibule, at the back of the room, to catch a glimpse through the floor to ceiling windows. Regardless of placement, almost all the audience members have their attentions set on the events happening behind the camera, just out of frame. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #407","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Two women stand posing for a picture, on the main floor of the Barrett Branch, presumably after the conclusion of the ceremony. With their arms around each other, the woman on the left looks directly at the camera while the women on the right smiles at something out of frame on the left. In the background are more people, men and women, milling around the large indoor space. Some are in conversation with one another and others are simply moving about the space. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #409","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. The photo is of two smiling men and a young child posing for a picture together. On the left, the young child stands holding the hand of the man in the middle who has brown hair and mustache, is wearing glasses and is dressed in a dark-colored suit with a white shirt and red patterned tie. The man on the right, who stands with his hand on the shoulder of the man in the middle, has white hair and is wearing glasses and a dark-colored suit with a white shirt and blue tie. All three stand under a half visible, gold-framed, painted portrait of Kate Waller Barrett that is hanging on the wall behind them. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #410","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Three men and two children stand posing for a picture together. The three men are all wearing dark-colored suits with light-colored shirts and ties. The two children, one boy and one girl, stand in front of the men in the middle and on the right. The boy wears a light-colored button-down shirt and striped dress pants while the girl wears a striped, long-sleeve dress with black tights and black shoes with pink shoelaces. All five smile at the camera as they pose under a gold-framed, painted portrait of Kate Waller Barrett. The woman in the portrait has her white hair tied back in a bun and sits, posed in profile, and is wearing dark-colored clothes, with floral accents. A gold cross pendant hangs from her neck and a brooch is pinned to her chest. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #411","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. A woman stands posing for a picture with the portrait of Kate Waller Barrett hanging near the entrance of the Barrett Branch Library. The woman, dressed in a red blazer and skirt, smiles as she looks to left at something just out of frame. She stands below the gold-framed, painted portrait of Kate Waller Barrett. In the portrait, Kate Waller Barrett has her white hair tied back into a bun and sits, posed in profile, wearing dark-colored clothes, with floral accents. A gold cross pendant hangs from her neck and a brooch is pinned to her chest. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #412","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Three men and two children stand posing for a picture together under the portrait of Kate Waller Barrett that hangs near the entrance of the Barrett Branch Library. The man on the left has white hair and is wearing glasses, a dark-colored suit, a light-colored shirt and blue tie. He has his hand on the shoulder of the little girl to the right of him who wears a striped long-sleeve dress with black tights and black shoes with pink laces. The little girl holds the hand of the man in the middle who wears a dark-colored suit with a light-colored shirt and dark patterned tie. Next to him, on the right, stands the little boy who wears a light-colored button-down shirt and striped dress pants. The little boy holds the hand of the last man on the right who has brown hair and mustache, glasses, and wears a dark-colored suit with a light-colored shirt and red patterned tie. All five stand beneath the gold-framed, painted portrait of Kate Waller Barrett who has her white hair tied back into a bun. She sits, posed in profile, and is wearing dark-colored clothes, with floral accents, with a gold cross pendant hanging from her neck and a brooch pinned to her chest. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #413","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. The candid photograph is of four men standing in front of the portrait of Kate Waller Barrett that hangs near the entrance to the library. The two men on the left are greeting each other and the two men on the right are standing separately both looking in opposite directions towards things just out of frame. All the men are dressed in suits and ties and three out of four are wearing glasses. The leftmost man is holding multiple pairs of scissors and the second man from the right is holding an event program. Behind them, hanging on the wall is the gold-framed, painted portrait of Kate Waller Barrett who has white hair tied back into a bun and sits, posed in profile, wearing dark-colored clothes, with floral accents, with a gold cross pendant hanging from her neck and a brooch pinned to her chest. Also in the background, off to the left, is a child, seemingly in motion, appearing blurry in the photograph. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #414","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. The candid photograph is of a group of men and women standing around a table of computers on the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library. On the round table there are four white computers, each with their own keyboard and mouse. Two of the computers are in use, one by a man in dark dress pants and white shirt and the other by two people, a woman and young man, working together. In the background are other people milling about as well as library bookshelves and a set of stairs leading to the second floor of the library. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #415","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. The candid photograph is of two groups of men and women, some sitting and some standing, inside of the library presumably before the ceremony begins. To left is a group of seated people, partially blocked from view by a desk, and to the right is a group of men standing together in conversation. Between the two groups sits a small stage with an American flag, bordered at the front by small pots of yellow flowers. In the background are rows of both tall and short bookshelves in front of a glass-front room. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #416","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of two women and one man standing in conversation with one another. The two women are both in light-colored dresses and the woman on the right faces away from the camera and carries a purse. The man wears glasses and is dressed in a light-colored suit with a white dress shirt and patterned tie. The woman on the left looks across to the woman on the right as she and the man in the middle are looking at each other. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #417","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of men and women milling about inside the Barrett Branch. The people in the foreground seem to be in conversation with each other while others are having separate conversations in the background. The photo is being taken from behind a bookshelf decorated with a potted plant whose leaves have just started to come in to frame on the right side of the photo. Behind the people are more bookshelves, decorated with flowers, and a glass-front room. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #418","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photo of four men, one woman, and two children. Every person pictured is looking in a different direction, some seeming to be moving towards different parts of the room and appearing blurry in the photo. All of the men are dressed in suits, the woman wears a pink buttoned jacket, the little boy wears a light-color button-down, and the little girl wears a striped long-sleeve dress. Behind them on the wall hangs a gold-framed, painted portrait of Kate Waller Barrett who has white hair tied back into a bun and sits, posed in profile, wearing dark-colored clothes, with floral accents. A gold cross pendant is hanging from her neck and a brooch is pinned to her chest. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #419","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. The photo is of the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library. In the library stands many men, women, and children milling about the space. Some are in conversation with one another, while others take in their surroundings or speak to people sitting behind the circulation desk to the left of the photo. To the right of the photo is the beginning of a staircase that leads to the second floor of the library. Visible from the balcony, the second floor is filled with bookshelves. In the background, on the lower level, stands a small stage and podium framed by small pots of yellow flowers and an American flag as well as a glass-front room whose windows are letting in bright daylight. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #420","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. The photo is of the main floor of the Barrett Branch and there are men and women milling around in the space, some in conversation with one another and others taking in their surroundings. On the right side of the picture, some of the people stand in front of the circulation desk, decorated with pots of yellow and orange flowers. On the left side of the picture are some glass display cases displaying open books. In the background are the floor to ceiling windows of the entrance vestibule that are providing bright, natural light to the room. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #421","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Pictured is a large audience of men and women on the main floor of the Barrett Branch. Some of the people are sitting in the middle of the room while the rest of the crowd have begun filling in the available standing room, even standing in the sunlight filled entrance vestibule, at the back of the crowd, to catch a glimpse through the floor to ceiling windows. Regardless of placement, almost all the audience members have their attentions set on the events happening behind the camera, just out of frame. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #422","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a group of men and women, of differing ages, standing around a table of computers. At the round table, there are two people with their backs to the camera sharing the same computer, to their right is one woman at the next computer, and the next computer has a group of four sharing the same computer. In the foreground is a shelf that has been decorated with a pot of flowers, that have taken up the left side of the picture. In the background, behind the group of people at the computers is glass-front room and a few people within. Inside the room are bookshelves on the left wall and tables and chairs filling the middle. The windows on the back wall have had their blinds drawn to shade the interior from the bright daylight shining through. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #423","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of some people, both men and women, looking at the available materials on the bookshelves around them on the second floor of the Barrett Branch Library. Some of the men and women are browsing the shelves while others have begun reading their chosen materials. In the foreground are shorter bookshelves, with one man crouching to get a better look at the offerings on the bottom shelf. In the background are taller bookshelves, that almost reach from floor to ceiling. Behind the taller bookshelves are some tables and chairs that have been backlit by the daylight coming through the windows on the back wall. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #424","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a seated audience facing a group of people who seem like library officials seated at the front of the room. The seated audience is facing away from the camera and the group of men and women at the front of the room are applauding in welcome to the man who is standing at the front of the room. He has brown hair and mustache, is wearing glasses and a grey suit with dark tie. Off to the right of the photo is a staircase that leads to the second floor whose balcony sits above the group of clapping men and women. Behind them stands bookshelves, completely filled, that almost reach from floor to ceiling. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #425","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a woman speaking to an audience from an elevated podium. The woman, dressed in a red blazer and white shirt, is looking through her glasses out over the audience. Behind her is both short and tall bookshelves, as well as a wall of glass, and to the left stands an American flag. The woman at the podium stands below the second-floor balcony of the Barrett Branch where three musicians sit with music stands in front of them and bookshelves at their back. In the foreground, somewhat blocking the view of the seated audience, is the circulation desk topped with stacks of paper. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #426","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a seated audience, extending out of frame, who have their attention on a man speaking from an elevated podium. The man at podium, dressed in a dark-colored suit with a white shirt and red tie, is looking down at the podium through his glasses. Behind the podium are rows of book shelves, both short and tall with some decorated with flowers, as well as a glass-front room. The man at the podium stands beneath the second-floor balcony of the Barrett Branch Library. Visible through the balcony's railing are filled bookshelves. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #427","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a man speaking from behind a podium. The man is standing, dressed in a dark-colored suit with a white shirt and dark patterned tie, looking down at the podium through his dark tinted glasses. Behind him are rows of book shelves, both short and tall with some decorated with flowers, as well as a glass-front room. The podium stands below the second-floor balcony of the Barrett Branch Library where three chairs and two music stands are set up. The right most chair is occupied by a person in white shirt and dark pants. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #428","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a woman speaking from an elevated podium. The woman, dressed in a blue dress and matching blue jacket, looks out to an audience just out of frame and she is observed by a small panel of professionally dressed men and women, presumed to be other library officials, on the right side of the picture. The picture is being taken from behind the circulation desk, complete with computer, receipt printer, and landline phone. A pot of yellow, orange and red flowers sits atop the desk, partially blocking an American flag from view. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #429","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a woman speaking from an elevated podium in front of an audience of people that extends out of frame. The woman, dressed in a pink blazer over a dark patterned dress with a string of pearls around her neck, is looking down at the podium while the audience listens. Behind her are rows of book shelves, both short and tall with some decorated with flowers, as well as a glass-front room. The speaker and podium stand beneath an the second-floor balcony of the Barrett Branch Library, where three chairs, music stands, and musicians are seated and viewable through the balcony's railing. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #430","This folder contains photographs of the 1995 ribbon cutting ceremony celebrating the re-opening of the Kate Waller Barrett Branch after renovations.","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a man speaking to an audience, extending out of frame, from an elevated podium. The man, dressed in a dark-colored suit with white shirt and dark patterned tie, is looking down at the podium while holding up a closed book in his right hand and paper in his left hand. Behind him are rows of short and tall bookshelves, some decorated with flowers, in front of a glass-front room. Above the podium sits the second-floor balcony of the Barrett Branch Library. Through the railing, three chairs, music stands, and musicians can be seen in front of filled bookshelves. In the foreground, on the left side of the picture, is the circulation desk topped with stacks of papers. The photo is dated from 1995. Photo previously labeled #431","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a woman speaking from an elevated podium to audience, which extends out of frame. The woman is dressed in a matching blue jacket and dress, and looks out over the audience at something not visible as the audience turns to follow her gaze. To her left and right are men in dark-colored suits and ties that also follow her line-of-sight. Behind her are bookshelves, both tall and short, and a glass-front room. Above the podium is the second-floor balcony and through the railing, three chairs, music stands, and musicians can be seen in front of filled bookshelves. In the foreground, blocking some of the audience from view, is the circulation desk with a computer and piles of paper. The photo is dated from 1995. Photo previously labeled #432","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. This slightly out of focus, color candid photograph is of a woman speaking from an elevated podium to an audience that is seated just out of frame. The woman, dressed in a pink jacket over a dark, patterned dress, is bordered by a group of seated men and women, presumed to be other library officials, on the right and an American flag on the left. Above the woman at the podium is the second-floor balcony and behind her are tall bookshelves and a glass front room. The photo is being taken from behind the circulation desk which has a computer and a pot of yellow, red and orange flowers. The photo is dated from 1995. Photo previously labeled #433","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a group of men and women in conversation with each other amidst the ribbon cutting ceremony. The group consists of four men and two women, presumed to be library officials, who trade smiles and handshakes in front of a clapping audience. Some of the members of the group are still holding scissors and the pieces of red ribbon that were cut as part of the ceremony. Behind them are bookshelves that extend backward into the space. The photo is dated from 1995. Photo previously labeled #434","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a group of men and women amidst the ribbon cutting ceremony. The group consists of three men and two women, some still holding scissors and pieces of the red ribbon cut during the ceremony. The smiling woman in the middle has offered a handshake to the man to the left of her as the audience applauds them. Behind the ribbon cutters are tall and short bookshelves that extend backwards into the space. The photo is dated from 1995. Photo previously labeled #435","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photo of a group of three men and one woman, presumed to be library officials, are trading smiles and the woman offers a handshake to the man on the far left. The woman has grey hair and wears a matching blue jacket and dress. The men are dressed professionally in suits and ties. They stand in front of a small stage and podium, lined with small pots of yellow flowers and decorated by an American flag. Behind them are bookshelves, both tall and short, that extend backwards toward a glass-front room. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #436","Color photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. This candid photograph depicts several people standing behind the main circulation desk on the first floor of the Barrett Branch. In the foreground of the photo is a woman wearing a magenta dress and holding two books. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #408","Color portrait of an outdoor sign from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library after renovations were completed in 1995. On a bright, sunny day at the corner of a red-brick building sits a white sign that reads \"The 200 Block of North Columbus St. Welcomes the New Library\" and just below that it reads \"Thank You\". Propped up on a wooden easel, the sign is decorated by a single gold, metallic balloon that is moving with the wind. Behind the sign to the right are row houses and a parked car. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #441","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, a group of presumed library officials sit next to a stage and listen to the woman speaking from the podium. The woman has white hair and is dressed in a matching blue jacket and dress turns her head to welcome another woman who making her way to an empty chair among the group of officials. The woman being welcomed has tied back, brown hair and glasses and is wearing a colorful dress and black, t-strap shoes. Some of the men and women in the group of officials clap while others offer warm smiles to the approaching woman. Behind them is a small circulation desk and filled bookshelves. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #442","Color portrait photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, a group of presumed library staff stand behind the circulation desk and smile at the camera. Four women are directly behind the desk and five more seem to be coming out of the room just behind the desk. Some of the other women have realized their picture is being taken and look at the camera, while others have not and continue their conversations with one another. One man stands in front of the desk and has turned to face the camera while a final woman seems to being walking past him. Folding chairs are set up and extend out of frame and because each still has a paper program on it, it is likely the event has not yet started. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #443","Color candid photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, two group of presumed library officials both sit and stand next to a small stage. Though not all the chairs are filled, the seated group includes three women and four men, all dressed professionally, who seem to be waiting for the event to start. The standing group, consisting of three men and two women, are all in conversation with one another. The woman in the middle with white hair, blue dress and light-colored purse is speaking and the remainder of the standing group leans in to listen. Behind them is the stage, decorated with an American flag, and both tall and short bookshelves that extend out of frame. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #444","Color photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera aims at the circulation desk and the people that stand around it. Presumed to be library staff, four women stand together and all but one is smiling up at the camera. Other people, presumed to be library staff and officials, stand around the desk. Some are in conversation and others are looking in different directions around the room. In front of the circulation desk, extending out of frame, are rows of folding chairs each with a paper program on the seats. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #445","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Set up on the second-floor balcony of the Barrett Branch, are three female musicians in the midst of performing. All three are wearing white dress shirts and black bottoms and each sit in her own wooden chair across from sheet music on a music stand and plays from a flute. Behind them are a man and a woman in conversation leaning over the balcony railing to get a better view of what is going on the floor below. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #446","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, pictured is a man in a dark suit and tie speaking from a podium on a small elevated stage, which he shares with an American flag. Bordering the front of the stage are small pots of yellow flowers. To the left and right of the stage sit two groups of men and women, presumably library officials who have their attention on the man speaking. Behind them are rows of both tall and short bookshelves that extend back into the room and out of frame. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #447","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Men and women of varying ages stand milling around the main floor of the Barrett Branch library seeming after the conclusion of the ceremony. In the foreground, one man sits at a table with his hands on a computer keyboard and converses with the two women who are speaking to him. The woman on the left has short brown hair and wears a blue jacket and the woman on the right has short greying hair and wears a white shirt, denim bottoms, and carries a small purse. In the background is a larger group pf men and women, gathered around a table of computers. Behind are bookshelves that extend to the other side of the room where more people sit at tables in conversation. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #448","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Outside the front entrance of the Barrett Branch Library, in the shade of a tree, is a group of men and women who seem to be waiting for the library to open and for the ceremony to begin. On the front doors, illuminated by the sun, two signs read \"Re-opening\" and \"Sept. 10, 2PM\". Some of the group are sitting on the red brick retaining wall outside of the library while other stand in conversation closer to the entrance. The building is red brick, with white columns and white doors. A large, half-moon shaped windows sits atop the doors allowing natural light to fill the entrance vestibule within. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #449","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. The photo is aimed at the circulation desk where some people have begun to converse with the library staff behind the desk. In front of the desk, the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library has been filled with folding chairs where a few people have begun to sit. There are folded programs on each of the folding chairs, suggesting that the ceremony has not yet begun. On the right side of the picture are bookshelves that fill the space at the back of the main floor as well as the second floor, which is visible through the balcony railing. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #450","Color candid photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the picture is focused on the group of men and women standing against the wall behind the circulation desk. There are nine women and two men visible, dressed professionally, and most of them seem to have their attention on something happening just out of frame on the right. In front of the desk on the left is the beginnings of a seated audience and starting from the circulation desk extending out of frame across the front of the audience stretches the red ribbon that has yet to be cut. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #451","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. A group of two men, one woman, and one young man are standing in conversation with each other next to a round table that currently holds computers, of which only the keyboards and mice are visible. The young man has dark hair and wears a blue collared shirt and the woman he is next to has short brown hair and wears a blue patterned dress and carries a white purse. The two men are both dressed in dark suits with light dress shirts. The man with glasses wears a dark tie. Behind them are some table and chairs separating the group from the tall book shelves that extend out passed both sides of frame. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #452","Color candid photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, two men are pictured in conversation with each other while standing behind a podium on a small elevated stage. The men both wear suits with light-colored shirts, and the viewer is clearly able to see that the man on the left is wearing glasses and a tie. The man on the right has his back to the camera because his attention is on the other man who seems to be explaining something while pointing to something just out of sight on the left. In front of the stage are small pots of yellow flowers and beside the stage are rows of wooden chairs that have yet to be filled. Each chair has a folded program that seems to suggest the ceremony has yet to begin. Behind the men and the stage are bookshelves, both tall and short, that are filled with material. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #453","Color candid photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Pointed toward the interior entrance of the Barrett Branch, taken from the opposite end of the main floor, men and women are milling about the space presumably after the conclusion of the ribbon cutting. In the foreground are men and women using the available computers and in front of them is a large gathering of people milling around the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library. Some seem to be in conversation with one another, while other seem to simply be moving around the space. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #454","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at where the ceremony will be held. A large seated audience of men and women is forming behind a red ribbon that has been stretched from the circulation desk to the staircase's railing on the opposite side of the room. The men and women standing behind the circulation desk are, presumably, library staff and the few men and women that stand on the other side of the red ribbon from the audience are the library officials that will be speaking during the ceremony. The library officials seem to be looking at someone just out of frame and two of them are waving to try and get their attention. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #455","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at the main floor of the Barrett Branch where folding chairs have been set up in the middle of the room for an audience that has begun filing in. Men and women of varying ages and dress are coming in through the bright, naturally lit entrance vestibule, stopping at the circulation desk, before finding an empty seat. The men and women behind the circulation desk are, presumably, library staff who are either in conversation with one another or watching the people who are filing into the library. Just in front of the audience, stretching from the circulation desk to the railing of the staircase at the opposite of the room, is a red ribbon that is being handled by a woman in a dark top and patterned skirt. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #456","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points at a small group of men and women who are seated in wooden chairs to the left of a small stage with a podium. Seated in two rows, the group consists of four women and three men, and are presumed to be library officials. They are all in professional dress, either in suits and ties or dresses and blazers, and the front row seems to be conversation with each other. Just behind them, extending backward into the space, are filled bookshelves. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #457","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a man speaking from a podium on a small elevated stage. The man, wearing glasses and dressed in a grey-colored suit with a white shirt and dark-colored tie, holds a book in one hand and paper in the other as he looks out at the audience in front of him. The men and women seated next to the stage, who are presumed to be library officials, have their attention on the speaker. The stage is bordered in the front by small pots of yellow flowers and framed in the back by bookshelves that extend backward into the space. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #458","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a small elevated stage and podium and the men and women that surround it. The men and women, presumed to be library officials, stand with their hands over their hearts as they face the American flag that sits on the stage. All professionally dressed, only one man and one woman stand on the stage while the others stand to either side as they seem to recite the Pledge of Allegiance. Behind the stage are rows of bookshelves that extend backwards and out of frame. Above the stage is the second-floor balcony of the Barrett Branch. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #459","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a small elevated stage and podium and the men and women that surround it. On the stage stands a brown-haired woman, wearing a floral-patterned dress and pink blazer, speaking from a podium to the audience that sits in front of her just out of view. On either side of the stage sits other men and women, presumed to be library officials, who have their attention on the woman at the podium. Framing the front of the stage are small pots of yellow flowers and behind the stage, extending backwards out of frame, are bookshelves. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #460","This folder contains photographs of the 1995 ribbon cutting ceremony celebrating the re-opening of the Kate Waller Barrett Branch after renovations.","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a small elevated stage and podium and the people that surround it. Although the picture is out of focusing, appearing blurry, a woman with red hair and glasses, wearing a red blazer and skirt, can be seen speaking from the podium. With their attention on the speaker at the podium, the men and women that sit next to the stage are presumed to be library officials. The stage, framed at the front by small pots of yellow flowers, backs up to rows of short bookshelves that extend backward out of frame. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #461","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a small elevated stage and podium and the people that surround it. On the stage, standing at the podium, is a man with glasses wearing a dark-colored suit and tie with a red pocket square. He looks down at the paper on the podium as he speaks to the audience in front of him, sitting just out of view. The men and women sitting next to the stage, presumed to be library officials, are dressed professionally as some turn their attention toward the speaker. The front of the stage is framed by small pots of yellow flowers and rows of short bookshelves sit at the back of the stage. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #462","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down on the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library where the audience sits as the ribbon ceremony goes on. On the left side of the picture, many men and women sit in folding chairs as they listen to the man speaking from the small elevated stage and podium in front of them. Stretching from the circulation desk, across the room, to the railing of the staircase is a red ribbon that separates the audience from the men and women on and around the stage. There are also men and women that stand behind the circulation desk, presumed to be library staff, that have their attention on the man at the podium, who is dressed in a dark-colored suit with a light-colored shirt. On either side of the stage, separated from the general audience, sit other men and women who are presumed to be library officials. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #463","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down on the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library where the audience sits as the ribbon ceremony goes on. On the right side of the picture sits a large audience of men and women that extends backwards out if frame. They are separated from the small stage and podium by a red ribbon that stretches from the circulation desk, across the room, to the railing of the staircase that leads to the second floor. Behind the circulation desk stands a few men and women, who are presumed to be library staff, who have their attention on the man that speaks from the podium. The speaker, dressed in a dark-colored suit and tie, looks down at the paper on the podium as he addresses the audience in front of him. The people sitting to left and right of the stage, who are separate from the general audience, are presumed to be library officials who are part of the ceremony proceedings. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #464","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a man standing in behind a podium on a small elevated stage. The man, dressed in a grey-colored suit and glasses, seems to have his head tilted down in pause to accept the applause he is receiving from the people around him. Next to the stage sits a group of men and women who are presumed to be library officials. One man and one woman can be seen clapping for the man on the stage. The front of the stage is framed by small pots of yellow flowers and the back of the stage is bordered by short bookshelves that extend backward out of view. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #465","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a woman standing behind a podium on a small elevate stage. The woman has grey hair, dressed in a matching blue dress and blazer, and looks out at the audience seated in front of her, just out of view. There is a group of men and women seated in three rows next to the stage, presumed to be library officials, who look and listen to the woman speaking from the podium. Behind the stage and the group of library officials are some tall and short bookshelves that extend backward into the space and out of frame. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #466","Color candid photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library where men and women are milling around presumably after the ribbon has been cut officially opening the library. The men and women, of all ages and in varying dress, are either in conversation with one another or are on the move to a different part of the space. Some are making their way up the stairs and past whomever is taking the picture while others are moving towards the rows of bookshelves that extend backward out of frame. Barely visible amongst the people is a small stage and podium where library officials had spoken during the ceremony. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #467","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a small stage and the men and women that surround it. On the stage, standing behind a podium, is grey-haired woman in a matching blue dress and blazer who speaks to the audience seated in front of her, just out of view. On either side of the stage where the woman in blue is speaking from, sits two groups of men and women, presumed to be library officials, who have attention on the woman in blue. The front of the stage is framed with small pots of yellow flowers and the back is bordered by short bookshelves that extend backward into the space. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #468","Color candid photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at the main floor of the Barret Branch where people have begun to move about the space, presumably, at the conclusion of the ribbon cutting ceremony. Some of the men and women are in conversation with each other while others have begun exploring the space and materials available. Visible among the crowd is the circulation desk, with a few staff members working from behind it. Across the room, also visible among the crowd, is the small stage and podium that library officials spoke from during the ceremony. Above the crowd, on the right side of the picture, is the second-floor balcony which has been populated by more exploring people. The photo is dated from 1995. Photo previously labeled #469","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a small stage and podium. Standing behind the podium is a man with glasses, wearing a dark-colored suit and tie, who is looking down at the papers on the podium in front of him. To one side of the stage is small group of men and women who are seated in three rows, all in professional dress. This small group of people are presumed to be library officials, as is the man in a grey-colored suit that is seated behind the stage. Behind the stage are short bookshelves that extend backward out of frame and the front of the stage is line with small pots of yellow flowers. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #470","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at the main floor of the Barret Branch wear a stage sits before a large seated audience. Separating the audience from the stage is a long red ribbon stretching from the circulation desk across the room to the staircase's railing. Behind the circulation desk, standing with their backs to the wall, are men and women who seem to be part of the library staff. On the stage stands a brown-haired woman, wearing a floral-patterned dress and pink blazer, speaking from a podium to the audience that sits in front of her. On either side of the stage sits other men and women, presumed to be library officials, who have their attention on the woman at the podium. Framing the front of the stage are small pots of yellow flowers and behind the stage, extending backwards out of frame, are bookshelves. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #471","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at the main floor of the Barret Branch wear a stage sits before a large seated audience. Separating the audience from the stage is a long red ribbon stretching from the circulation desk across the room to the staircase's railing. Behind the circulation desk, standing with their backs to the wall, are men and women who seem to be part of the library staff. On the stage stands a man with glasses, wearing a grey-colored suit, speaking from a podium to the audience that sits in front of him. On either side of the stage sits other men and women, presumed to be library officials, who have their attention on the man at the podium. Framing the front of the stage are small pots of yellow flowers and behind the stage, extending backwards out of frame, are bookshelves. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #472","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a small stage and podium as well as the people that surround it. Speaking from the podium stands a man with glasses, in a grey-colored suit and tie, who looks down at the paper in front of him. On either side of the stage sits two small groups of men and women, presumed to be library officials, who have their attention on the man on stage. All are professionally dressed and some hold programs probably pertaining to the ceremony. The front of the stage is lined with small pots of yellow flows and behind the stage are rows of short and tall books shelves. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #473","Color candid photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at two groups of men and women on the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library. The group closest to the camera consists of six men and two women who are professionally dressed and seem to be library officials. Each woman shakes the hand of one of the men in the group. Behind them is a small stage and podium, that is lined with small pots of yellow flowers along the front. In the other side of the stage is another small group of men and women, also thought to be library officials. One woman seated at the front of the group, with white hair and patterned dress, is leaning forward to greet a woman with brown hair, black jacket, and skirt standing in front of her. Behind the two groups and the stage are bookshelves that extend backward out of frame. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #474","Color candid photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a small group of men and women who are standing, in conversation with each other. The group, consisting of two women and five men, are all professionally dressed and seem to be library officials. Facing away from the camera, one woman with a pink jacket is shaking hands with a man in a dark colored suit and patterned tie. Behind this group is a small, unoccupied stage and podium and on the other side of the stage is another group of seated, presumed, library officials. Behind the stage are bookshelves that extend backwards out of frame. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #475","Color photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. In the foreground of the picture, two unidentified women smile at the camera. The woman on the left has short blond hair, glasses, and wears a patterned collared dress. The woman in the left has dark brown hair and wears a dark blue top with a high neck. Behind them are more men and women who are milling about on the main floor of the Barrett Branch, presumably after the conclusion of the ceremony. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #476","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. The camera is pointed at the line of men and women standing at the circulation desk at the Barrett Branch Library. Presumably, these are members of the public who attended the ribbon cutting and are now exploring the new space after the conclusion of the ceremony. On the upper right-side of the picture, visible through the railing, is the second-floor balcony where people a standing amongst the bookshelves. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #477","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a man standing on a small stage, behind a podium. Though the camera is unfocused and the photo appears slightly blurry it can be determined that the man, dressed in a dark-colored suit with a white pocket square, looks down at the papers on the podium as the small group of men and women seated on the other side of the stage have their attention on him. The small group of men and women, who are dressed professionally, are presumed to be library officials that are part of the ribbon cutting ceremony. One other presumed official is seated behind the stage and is reading a piece of paper. Also, behind the stage and the small group of library officials, are rows of bookshelves that extend backward out of frame. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #478","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a line of people who stand facing a seated audience of men and women. The line of people is professionally dressed men and women, presumably library officials, who each hold onto a red ribbon that stretches across the room from the circulation desk to the railing of the staircase. The seated audience and the men and women standing behind the circulation desk smile at the line of officials as they cut the ribbon. One woman, with grey hair and blue dress, holds up her scissors and her portion of the red ribbon in celebration. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #479","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a man in a grey-colored suit who stands on a small stage. Looking down at the orange-handled scissors in hand, he faces a small group of men and women, presumed to be library officials, as they walk towards the left side of the photo. The man on the stage is handing out pairs of scissors to members of the ribbon cutting ceremony as they make their way towards the ribbon that is just out of view. Behind the man and the stage, is another small group of men and women seated in front of bookshelves who watch as the other officials make their way to the ribbon. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #480","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library and the men and women who are filing in before the start of the ceremony. There are folding chairs set up in the middle of the room that a being filled by people coming from the entrance vestibule at the back of the space. Behind the circulation desk stands many men and women, presumed to be library staff, who watch as members of the public take their seats. In front of the audience stretching across the room, from the circulation desk to the railing of the staircase, is a long red ribbon. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #481","This folder contains black and white photographs pertaining to the Robert H. Robinson Library, dated from 1946 to 1950. The photos capture the Robert H. Robinson Library building, staff, and various events.","Black and white photograph of Sara Murphy Carr sitting at her desk in the Robert Robinson Branch of Alexandria Library. Carr has short, dark hair and is wearing a light-colored blazer and a dark-colored top underneath. She looks directly at the camera from a chair behind her wooden desk, which is topped with file folders, a box of catalog cards, a folded newspaper, and other items. Behind her is a cart filled books and behind her further are filled bookshelves, some are topped with more books or other décor. The photo is dated c.1948. Photo previously labeled as #494","Black and white photograph of Sara Murphy Carr posing for a picture in the doorway of the Robert Robinson Library. Carr has short, dark hair and is wearing a light-color jacket, dark-colored top, light-colored knee length skirt, with dark-colored shoes. She stands facing the camera and seems to have her hand on the knob of the front door that is slightly ajar behind her. A stoop and front step lead up to the front of the brick building and above the white trimmed door is a sign that reads \"Robert Robinson Library\" in dark letters. The photo is dated c.1948. Photo previously labeled as #495","Black and white candid photograph taken outside the Robert Robinson Library as Miss Bracie enters the building. Facing the front of the library, the photo captures a woman, identified as Miss Bracie, stepping up to the front door of the building. With her back to the camera, Miss Bracie wears a light-colored jacket and skirt, a much lighter-colored hat with black sash, and carries a dark-colored hand bag. The building, made of brick with a dark-colored metal roof, has one brick chimney on the left side and four narrow windows that are evenly separated by the white trimmed front door. Above the front door, just under an outdoor light, is a sign that reads \"Robert Robinson Library\" in dark letters. A cement walkway leads up to the door and is bordered on either side by shrubbery and grass. The photo is dated c.1950. Photo previously labeled as #496","Black and white photograph of Story Hour at Robert Robinson Library. Robinson Librarian Minnie N. Fuller, sits and reads to twelve children who either sit in chairs or kneel on the carpeted floor in front of her. Fuller has short, dark hair and is wearing a light-colored dress with light-colored shoes. Her head is tilted down and away from the camera as she reads the book and the children, both boys and girls, are turned to face her. Behind the children are three windows that have their blinds open. The photo is dated 1950. Photo previously labeled as #497","Black and white photograph of a group of men and women, presumably attending an event, at the Robert H. Robinson Library. Posed in two rows, nine women and three men are pictured together with some looking directly at the camera and others facing in different directions. All are dressed up, with the women in dresses and dress hats and the men in suits. One clergyman stands in the second row and is dressed in a clerical collar. One woman is identified as Alexandria Library Director Ellen Coolidge Burke (first row, second from the left) and she is dressed in a dark jacket, light-colored shirt, light-colored skirt, and dark-colored hat. Behind the group is a wall with a bookshelf and closed door. The photo is dated 1950. Photo previously labeled #498","Black and white candid photograph taken of Story Hour at Robert Robinson Library. Twenty-three children, listen as Robinson Librarian Sara Murphy Carr reads a picture book. Carr is wearing a light-colored outfit and dark-colored shoes. Her hair has been tied back away from her face and she looks down at the open book through her glasses. Many of the children have realized they are being photographed and have turned to face the camera, but a few have their gazes turned elsewhere. The space where the group sits is lined on three sides by filled bookshelves, some topped with more books or other décor. The photo is dated April 1946. Photo previously labeled as #499","Black and white photo of the 10th Anniversary of the Robert H. +Robinson Library. Seated in five rows, a group of men and women, some young and some old, pose for a picture inside the Robert Robinson Library. Not everyone looks directly at the camera, but all are dressed professionally. Some women can be seen wearing hats and dress gloves while the men can be seen in suit and tie. One clergyman sits in the back dressed in his clerical collar. Behind the group, the walls are lined with bookshelves that have been decorated with original art work of varying sizes. The photo is dated 1950. Photo previously labeled as #500","This sub-series contains records documenting the branches and divisions of the Alexandria Library system including the construction of the branches and information regarding their operations. The branches represented here include the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library, the James M. Duncan Branch Library, the Ellen Coolidge Burke Branch Library, the Robert H. Robinson Library, the \"New Branch\" (later known as the Charles E. Beatley, Jr. Central Library), the Special Services Division, and the Lloyd House (later known as Local History and Special Collections).","This folder contains miscellaneous records pertaining to the construction of the building addition to the Kate Waller Barrett branch of Alexandria Library in 1954. Documents include copies of contracts, proof of insurance, and other notes and correspondence related to the proposed addition to the Barrett branch.","This folder contains records pertaining to the construction specifications for the building addition to the Kate Waller Barrett branch of Alexandria Library in 1954. Documents include the Specifications report, prepared by the Alexandria Library Board, detailing the proposed requirements for the construction of the addition to the Barrett branch.","This folder contains financial records pertaining to the construction of the building addition to the Kate Waller Barrett branch of Alexandria Library in 1954. Documents include copies of vendor invoices, reports of money spent, and other related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to the process of selecting bids for which construction agency would carry out the construction of the building addition to the Kate Waller Barrett branch of Alexandria Library in 1954. Documents include copies of proposals, meeting minutes, press material, and other related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to monthly reports regarding the Robert Robinson branch of Alexandria Library, dating from December 1947 to December 1951. Documents include monthly reports on branch statistics, yearly fiscal report, discard lists, and other related notes.","This folder contains records pertaining to monthly reports regarding the Robert Robinson branch of Alexandria Library, dating from January 1952 to December 1955. Documents include monthly reports on branch statistics, and other related notes.","This folder contains records pertaining to monthly reports regarding the Robert Robinson branch of Alexandria Library, dating from January 1956 to May 1959. Documents include monthly reports on branch statistics, and other related notes.","This series is currently being processed and is not yet available for research use. Please contact Local History / Special Collections staff for more details.","This sub-series is currently being processed and is not yet available for research use. Please contact Local History / Special Collections staff for more details.","This sub-series is currently being processed and is not yet available for research use. Please contact Local History / Special Collections staff for more details.","This sub-series is currently being processed and is not yet available for research use. Please contact Local History / Special Collections staff for more details.","This sub-series is currently being processed and is not yet available for research use. Please contact Local History / Special Collections staff for more details.","This sub-series contains web-published resources that were created by, or are directly related to, the Alexandria Library in Alexandria, Virginia. This includes the Library website, Library social media accounts, Library blog, and the websites of Library friends' groups.","Website of the Alexandria Library in Alexandria, Virginia","Facebook account of the Alexandria Library in Alexandria, Virginia","Instagram account of the Alexandria Library in Alexandria, Virginia","Twitter account of the Alexandria Library in Alexandria, Virginia","Youtube account of the Alexandria Library in Alexandria, Virginia","Alexandria Library's blog which focuses on adult programs, events, and services including news and updates about the Library's collection, services, resources, and programs for adults","Online donation portal for the Alexandria Library Foundation, Inc. The Alexandria Library Foundation is a non-profit organization which provides funding for the Alexandria Library System in Alexandria, Virginia","Website of the Friends of the Beatley Central Library in Alexandria, Virginia. The Friends are a volunteer organizations which works to promote the interests and programs of the Library","Website of the Friends of Duncan Library. The Friends are a volunteer organization that supports the operations of the Duncan Branch Library, located in the Del Ray neighborhood of Alexandria, Virginia","Intranet website for Alexandria Library staff"],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials relating to the Alexandria Library Board have been moved from MS098 to the Alexandria Library Board Records (MS416).\u003c/p\u003e"],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["Materials relating to the Alexandria Library Board have been moved from MS098 to the Alexandria Library Board Records (MS416)."],"names_coll_ssim":["Alexandria Library Company","Alexandria Library Association (1897-1937)","Alexandria Library Society (1937-1953)","Burke, Ellen Coolidge","Duncan, James M., Jr. (James Morton), 1897-1967","Barrett, Kate Waller, Dr., 1858-1925","Beatley, Charles E., Jr., 1916-2003","Robinson, Robert Henry, Rev. (1824-1909)"],"names_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Alexandria Library (Alexandria, Va.)","Alexandria Library Company","Alexandria Library Association (1897-1937)","Alexandria Library Society (1937-1953)","Burke, Ellen Coolidge","Duncan, James M., Jr. (James Morton), 1897-1967","Barrett, Kate Waller, Dr., 1858-1925","Beatley, Charles E., Jr., 1916-2003","Robinson, Robert Henry, Rev. (1824-1909)"],"corpname_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Alexandria Library (Alexandria, Va.)","Alexandria Library Company","Alexandria Library Association (1897-1937)","Alexandria Library Society (1937-1953)"],"persname_ssim":["Burke, Ellen Coolidge","Duncan, James M., Jr. (James Morton), 1897-1967","Barrett, Kate Waller, Dr., 1858-1925","Beatley, Charles E., Jr., 1916-2003","Robinson, Robert Henry, Rev. (1824-1909)"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":523,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T03:59:46.615Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_157_c01_c01"}},{"id":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_157_c01_c02","type":"Subseries","attributes":{"title":"1.2: Administration and Finance","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_157_c01_c02#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis sub-series contains administrative and financial records of the Alexandria Library. Documents include correspondence, budgets and other financial records, affirmative action records, bylaws and agreements, official city proclamations, gift records, and other administrative materials.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_157_c01_c02#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_157_c01_c02","ref_ssm":["vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_157_c01_c02"],"id":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_157_c01_c02","ead_ssi":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_157","_root_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_157","_nest_parent_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_157_c01","parent_ssi":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_157_c01","parent_ssim":["vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_157","vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_157_c01"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_157","vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_157_c01"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Alexandria Library Records (MS098)","Series 1: Founding and 20th Century Records"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Alexandria Library Records (MS098)","Series 1: Founding and 20th Century Records"],"text":["Alexandria Library Records (MS098)","Series 1: Founding and 20th Century Records","1.2: Administration and Finance","This sub-series contains administrative and financial records of the Alexandria Library. Documents include correspondence, budgets and other financial records, affirmative action records, bylaws and agreements, official city proclamations, gift records, and other administrative materials."],"title_filing_ssi":"1.2: Administration and Finance","title_ssm":["1.2: Administration and Finance"],"title_tesim":["1.2: Administration and Finance"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["c.1960-1990"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1937-2014"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1937/2014, bulk 1960/1990"],"normalized_title_ssm":["1.2: Administration and Finance"],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["Alexandria Library"],"collection_ssim":["Alexandria Library Records (MS098)"],"extent_ssm":["5.36 Cubic Feet"],"extent_tesim":["5.36 Cubic Feet"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":102,"level_ssm":["Subseries"],"level_ssim":["Subseries"],"sort_isi":177,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection is open for research. Public access to some confidential personnel records is restricted, these materials are noted as such."],"date_range_isim":[1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014],"otherfindaid_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\n  \u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|5b2baaaa-f268-433b-bcd8-f7b58ee756fa/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"otherfindaid_heading_ssm":["Digital Materials"],"otherfindaid_tesim":["Click to view digital materials in this collection"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis sub-series contains administrative and financial records of the Alexandria Library. Documents include correspondence, budgets and other financial records, affirmative action records, bylaws and agreements, official city proclamations, gift records, and other administrative materials.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Sub-Series Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This sub-series contains administrative and financial records of the Alexandria Library. Documents include correspondence, budgets and other financial records, affirmative action records, bylaws and agreements, official city proclamations, gift records, and other administrative materials."],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#1","timestamp":"2026-05-21T03:59:46.615Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_157","ead_ssi":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_157","_root_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_157","_nest_parent_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_157","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/ALEX/repositories_2_resources_157.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://alexlibraryva.libraryhost.com/repositories/2/resources/157","title_ssm":["Alexandria Library Records (MS098)"],"title_tesim":["Alexandria Library Records (MS098)"],"unitdate_ssm":["1937-2013"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1937-2013"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS098","/repositories/2/resources/157"],"text":["MS098","/repositories/2/resources/157","Alexandria Library Records (MS098)","Alexandria (Va.)","Alexandria (Va.). Library","Public libraries.","Collection is open for research. Public access to some confidential personnel records is restricted, these materials are noted as such.","This folder contains confidential personnel records. Public access and use of these materials is restricted for 75 years from the date of creation of the document.","This site is only accessible to Alexandria Library staff and is not available for public research use.","This finding aid describes and documents the updated arrangement of this collection as of 2023. Previously, the collection was organized into the following series: By Laws, Charters, and Agreements; Board; Annual Reports; Administration; Circulation; Construction; History; Publicity; Scrapbooks; Workshops; Queen/Barrett; Robert Robinson; Special Services; and Lloyd House. \"By-Laws, Charters, and Agreements\" and \"Administration\" have been combined into the new Subseries 1.2. Administration and Finance. \"History,\" \"Publicity,\" \"Scrapbooks,\" \"Workshops,\" and \"Photographs\" have been combined into the new Subseries 1.4. History, Programming, and Outreach. \"Construction,\" \"Queen/Barrett,\" \"Robert Robinson,\" \"Special Services,\" and \"Lloyd House,\" have been combined into the new Subseries 1.5. Branch Records.","The \"Board\" series has been separated from MS098 and combined with other records to form a new, separate collection of Alexandria Library Board Records.","The physical and intellectual arrangement of the Alexandria Library Records (MS098) has been updated a few times over the years, while remaining accessible to the public. Thus, the decision was made to maintain, as much as appropriate, the current order of the pre-existing collection as Series 1: Founding and 20th Century Records; and Series 2: 21st Century Records includes the new accretions to the collection as of 2023. Future accretions to this collection will either be added to Series 2 or form a new series.","Series 1. Founding and 20th Century Records, 1937-2005\n Subseries 1.1. Annual Reports Subseries 1.2. Administration and Finance Subseries 1.3. Circulation Records Subseries 1.4. History, Programming, and Outreach Subseries 1.5. Branch Records Series 2. 21st Century Records, 1994-present\n Subseries 2.1. Annual Reports Subseries 2.2. Administration and Finance Subseries 2.3. Branch Records Subseries 2.4. Programming and Outreach Subseries 2.5. Web Archives","Founded as a subscription library in 1794 and serving as the public library of Alexandria, Virginia since 1937 – Alexandria Library has a long legacy of supporting early literacy and lifelong learning in our diverse community. The Alexandria Library builds community through its six branches by providing opportunities to learn, explore, create, and connect.","The Alexandria Library Company (ALC) was founded on July 24, 1794 and operated a subscription library for nearly 150 years. In 1937, the ALC entered an agreement with the City of Alexandria and their collections formed the foundation of the city's first free public library. Since then, the Alexandria Library has grown into a system of six branches which serve the community of Alexandria, Virginia. ","The Kate Waller Barrett Library opened its doors on Queen Street in 1937; this was the first location of the Alexandria Library. It was named after Dr. Kate Waller Barrett – local humanitarian, social crusader, and political reformer. The Society of Friends granted a 99-year lease for use of its old Quaker Burial Ground on Queen Street as the site for the new public library building. This library has undergone several renovations and expansions over the years, in 1954, 1964, and 1993. When the Charles E. Beatley, Jr. Central Library was built, the Barrett Library shifted from being the main library to its current role as a branch library which serves residents of Old Town Alexandria and surrounding neighborhoods.","The Robert Robinson Library, named for a grandson of one of George Washington's slaves, opened in 1940 to serve black residents of Alexandria. The establishment of this new branch library was motivated by a civil rights demonstration and lawsuit brought against the Library and the City of Alexandria. The earliest known civil rights sit-in was held at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library in 1939. Alexandria Attorney Samuel W. Tucker and five young African American men demonstrated this act of civil disobedience after being denied library cards. The Sit-In and following legal action resulted in the establishment of a new branch of the library to provide \"separate but equal\" library services to black residents. However, this new library branch never received the same support or funding as the main library and was never able to provide fully equitable services to the local African American community. The Alexandria Library officially integrated for adults in 1959, and for children in 1962. The Robert Robinson Library closed in 1962 and the building is now the site of the Alexandria Black History Museum.  More details about the 1939 sit-in and integration of Alexandria Library, as well as links to additional resources can be found on our website.","The Ellen Coolidge Burke Branch Library opened on Seminary Road in 1968. This branch library was named after Ellen Coolidge Burke (1901-1975), who served as Director of the Alexandria Library from 1948 to 1969. The Burke Branch Library serves residents of the Seminary Hill neighborhood and surrounding areas. ","The James M. Duncan, Jr. Branch Library opened on Commonwealth Avenue in 1969. The Duncan Branch Library serves residents of the Del Ray neighborhood and surrounding areas. This branch was named after James M. Duncan (1897-1967), who served as Chief of the Alexandria Fire Department 1924-1947, member of City Council 1949-1967, and member of the Alexandria Library Board 1950-1967. In 2005 the Duncan Branch Library underwent renovations and became the first City of Alexandria government building to have a \"living\" roof – a Green Infrastructure approach to reducing stormwater runoff and pollution in local waterways. ","The Local History / Special Collections Branch was established in 1976 and first housed at Lloyd House, a historic home on the corner of Queen and North Washington Streets. In 1999, after completion of the most recent round of renovations and expansions, Local History / Special Collections moved into the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library. Local History / Special Collections stewards many valuable resources documenting the history and culture of Alexandria and Virginia from the colonial period to the present.","The Charles E. Beatley, Jr. Central Library opened on Duke Street in 2000. This new central library was named after former mayor of Alexandria, Charles E. \"Chuck\" Beatley, Jr. (1916-2003). Upon completion of the new main library site, library adminstration offices were moved from the Barrett Library (formerly the central library) to the Beatley Library.","In 2015 the Library took over management of the Alexandria Law Library, located in the basement of the Alexandria Circuit Court on King Street. The Alexandria Law Library provides legal resources for the benefit of the entire Alexandria community, including its citizens, government agencies, local businesses, the judiciary, and members of the bar.","For a more detailed timeline of the history of Alexandria Library, check out our website.","Alexandria Library Board Records\n Alexandria Library Company Records (MS002)","This collection contains the records of the Alexandria Library, documenting the administration and operation of the Library, dating from the founding of the public library in 1937 through the present. Included are administrative records, annual reports, financial records, circulation records, materials documenting the history of the Library, programming and outreach records, and records of the individual branches of the library system. Formats include textual documents, photographs, and ephemera.","The Alexandria Library is an active organization, and so this collection is a living collection which will be periodically added to and updated. Check this collection guide for any future updates to the collection. ","This series contains materials documenting the Alexandria Library, from its founding as a public library in 1937 through the early 2000s. The majority of documents in this series pertain to the decades between 1950 and 2000. These records document the administration and operations of the Library and its individual branches, as well as materials documenting the history of the Alexandria Library. Documents include annual reports, financial records, correspondence, project files, and other administrative documentation. Also included in this series are ephemera and realia, photographs and other graphic materials, and some oversized materials.","This sub-series contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, as well as its individual branches. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1938 through 1942. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1943 through 1946. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1947 through 1948. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1949 through 1950. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1951 through 1953. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1954 through 1956. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1957 through 1959. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1960 through 1961. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1964. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence.","This sub-series contains administrative and financial records of the Alexandria Library. Documents include correspondence, budgets and other financial records, affirmative action records, bylaws and agreements, official city proclamations, gift records, and other administrative materials.","This folder contains records pertaining to administrative and financial dealings of the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1937 through the 1950s. Documents include final copies of bylaws, charters, and agreements as well as draft documents, reference materials, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to administrative and financial dealings of the Alexandria Library system, dating from the 1950s through the 1992. Documents include final copies of bylaws, charters, and agreements as well as draft documents, reference materials, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to the Affirmative Action plan put in place for the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1975.","This folder contains records pertaining to the Affirmative Action policy used to create an Affirmative Action plan for the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1976.","This folder contains records pertaining to the Affirmative Action plans for the City of Alexandria, dating from 1976 and 1980. Documents include final Affirmative Action plans from both 1976 and 1980.","This folder contains records pertaining to the Affirmative Action plans for the Alexandria Public Library, dating from 1978 through 1982. Documents include reference material used to create the Affirmative Action plans including OSHA Recordkeeping guidelines and guidelines from the Department of Equal Employment Opportunity for the City of Alexandria. Other documents include Alexandria Public Library's Affirmative Action goals, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to the Affirmative Action reports for the Alexandria Public Library system, dating from 1974 through 1976. Documents include final Affirmative Action and Equal Employment Opportunity reports, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to the Affirmative Action reports for the Alexandria Public Library system, dating from 1977 through 1980. Documents include final Affirmative Action and Equal Employment Opportunity reports, sample forms, reference materials, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to the Affirmative Action reports for the Alexandria Public Library system, dating from 1981 through 1987. Documents include final Affirmative Action and Equal Employment Opportunity reports, sample forms, membership reports, reference materials, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to the Budget for the Alexandria Public Library system, dated from 1938 through 1944. Documents include draft material, proposed yearly budgets, final budget reports, press related to the budget, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to the Budget for the Alexandria Public Library system, dated from 1945 through 1948. Documents include draft material, proposed yearly budgets, final budget reports, press related to the budget, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to the Budget for the Alexandria Public Library system, dated from 1949 through 1951. Documents include proposed yearly budgets, final budget reports, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to the Budget for the Alexandria Public Library system, dated from 1951 through 1953. Documents include draft material, proposed yearly budgets, final budget reports, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to the Budget for the Alexandria Public Library system, dated from 1953 through 1955. Documents include draft material, proposed yearly budgets, final budget reports, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to the Budget for the Alexandria Public Library system, dated from 1955 through 1959. Documents include draft material, proposed yearly budgets, final budget reports, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to the Budget for the Alexandria Public Library system, dated from 1955 through 1959. Documents include , proposed yearly budgets, final budget reports, reference materials, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to the budget for the City of Alexandria's City Planning and Capital Improvement programs in regard to the Alexandria Public Library system, dated from 1950 through 1961. Documents include final budget reports, proposed budgets, proposed building projects, draft material, reference material, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to Rules, Regulations, and Review articles for the Alexandria Public Library system, dated from 1937 through 1955. Documents include inquiries regarding librarian salaries of other Virginia public libraries, proposed rules and regulations for Alexandria Public Library, final rules and regulations for Alexandria Public Library, meeting minutes, library directories, press regarding the library, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains a 2014 copy of the introduced House Joint Resolution No. 418 which details the historical significance of the 1939 Alexandria Library Sit-in to the House of Delegates, Mayor of Alexandria, and General Assembly and proposes that this information be conveyed at an upcoming ceremony.","This folder contains records pertaining to correspondence to and from Alexandria Library, dated from 1937 through 1951. Documents included correspondence, press regarding Alexandria Public Library, proposals for the planning and construction of the Robert Robinson Library, and other related notes.","This folder contains records pertaining to correspondence to and from Alexandria Library, dated from 1952 through 1961. Documents include written correspondence, meeting and presentation notes, book acquisitions and acquisition proposals, and other related notes.","This folder contains records pertaining to the professional and nonprofessional duties within public libraries set forth by the American Library Association, dated from 1948. Documents include the preliminary draft of the Descriptive List of Professional and Nonprofessional Duties in Libraries handbook.","This folder contains records pertaining to position descriptions and pay plans for Virginia public libraries, dated from 1950. Documents include a guidebook detailing all positions available with Virginia public libraries, their position descriptions, and recommended qualifications.","This folder contains records pertaining to \"Position Classification and Salary Administration in Libraries\", dated from 1951. Documents include a handbook titled \"Position Classification and Salary Administration in Libraries\", written by the American Library Association, detailing guides and standards for library administrative staff to utilize when creating administrative plans.","This folder contains records pertaining to information and guidelines for new City of Alexandria employees, dated from 1950 to 1986. Documents include guidebooks detailing fundamental information regarding being employed by the City of Alexandria, code of ethics, and guidelines for managers to effectively communicate employee evaluations.","This sub-series contains records documenting circulation statistics of the Library.","This folder contains records pertaining to circulation statistics for the Alexandria Library system, dated from 1937 through 1940. Documents include overall number of books circulated during a given year and ledgers detailing the number and genre of Adult books circulated each day of the year that the library was open to the public.","This folder contains records pertaining to circulation statistics for the Alexandria Library system, dated from 1937 through 1940. Documents include ledgers detailing the number and genre of Children's books circulated each day of the year that the library was open to the public.","This folder contains records pertaining to circulation statistics for the Alexandria Library system, dated from 1941 through 1942. Documents include ledgers detailing the number and genre of Adult and Children's books circulated each day of the year that the library was open to the public.","This folder contains records pertaining to circulation statistics for the Alexandria Library system, dated from 1943 through 1944. Documents include ledgers detailing the number and genre of Adult and Children's books circulated each day of the year that the library was open to the public.","This folder contains records pertaining to circulation statistics for the Alexandria Library system, dated from 1944 through 1949. Documents include ledgers detailing the number and genre of Adult and Children's books circulated each day of the year that the library was open to the public.","This folder contains records pertaining to circulation statistics for the Alexandria Library system, dated from 1949 through 1953. Documents include ledgers detailing the number and genre of Adult and Children's books circulated each day of the year that the library was open to the public.","This folder contains records pertaining to circulation statistics for the Alexandria Library system, dated from 1949. Documents include ledgers detailing the number and genre of Adult and Children's books circulated each day of the year that the library was open to the public.","This folder contains records pertaining to circulation statistics for the Alexandria Library system, dated from 1944 through 1946. Documents include ledgers detailing the number and genre of Adult and Children's books circulated each day of the year that the library was open to the public.","This sub-series contains materials of mixed formats documenting the history of the Library and its programming and outreach work. Documents include scrapbooks, posters, news clippings, correspondence, administrative documents, event programs, and photographs.","This folder contains materials pertaining to Alexandria Library history, dating from 1957-1961. Documents include newspaper clippings from various local newspapers, event photos, correspondence, and other related notes.","This folder contains records pertaining to the history of Alexandria Library, dated from c. 1960. Documents include notes, correspondence, and copies of newspaper articles relating to the library.","This folder contains records pertaining to the history of Alexandria Library. Documents include copies of events schedules, event programs, summaries of the library's history, copies of newspaper articles relating to the library, and other related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to the history of Alexandria Library, dated from 1937 through 1947. Documents include newspaper clippings that detail library history, press, and publicity.","This folder contains records pertaining to the history of Alexandria Library, dated from 1955 through 1973. Documents include newspaper clippings that detail library history, press, and publicity.","This folder contains records pertaining to the history of Alexandria Library, dated from 1936 through 1954. Documents include summaries of the library's history, copies of newspaper articles relating to the library, and other related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to the history of Alexandria Library, dated from 1945 through 1985. Documents include copies of newspaper articles relating to the library, and other related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to publicity correspondence for Alexandria Library, dated from c. 1954-1986. Documents include correspondence relating to proposed exhibits, cosmetic changes to library branches, research inquiries, proof of membership, thank-you messages, plans for library news releases, and other related notes.","This folder contains records pertaining to press releases for Alexandria Library, dated from 1947-1986. Documents include drafts of news releases, draft 5-year plan documents, descriptions of upcoming library programs, mock-ups for news articles relating to the library, and other related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to events related to Alexandria Library, dated from 1954 through 1992. Documents include programs from library events and other notes and correspondence.","This folder contains biographical research materials about James M. Duncan, Jr. (the namesake of the Duncan Branch) which were collected by branch managers of Duncan Branch. Materials include notes, newsclippings, and photocopies of newsclippings.","This folder contains photographs of the 1995 ribbon cutting ceremony celebrating the re-opening of the Kate Waller Barrett Branch after renovations.","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Eight people, presumed to be library officials, stand on the main floor of the Barrett Branch in front of a seated audience, in the midst of a ribbon cutting ceremony. The smiling officials cutting the red ribbon, who include six men and two women, are dressed professionally and each holds their own pair of scissors. Behind them are shelves of library books and a set of stairs that lead up to the second floor of the library. The seated audience of men and women watches as the ceremony proceeds. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #402","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Eight people, presumed to be library officials, stand on the main floor of the Barrett Branch in front of a seated audience, in the midst of a ribbon cutting ceremony. The officials, who include six men and two women, have not yet cut the red ribbon and are dressed professionally. Each of the eight officials holds their own pair of scissors. Behind them are shelves of library books and a set of stairs that up to the second floor of the library. The seated audience of men and women watches as the ceremony proceeds. The photograph is dated September 10th, 1995. Photo previously labeled #403","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. This candid photo of men and women milling around the first floor of the Barrett Branch was taken, presumably, after the conclusion of the ceremony. Some of the people pictured are in conversation with one another, while others are taking in their surroundings. In the foreground is a podium framed on either side by yellow flowers and an American flag. In the background are library books shelves and a set of stairs that lead up to the second floor of the library. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #404","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. This candid photo was taken amidst a crowd of people attending the ceremony on the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library. The men and women of various ages stand milling around the space. Some are in conversation with one another while others look in many directions, taking in their surroundings. Visible in the background is the entrance to the library that consists of floor to ceiling windows allowing natural daylight to stream in. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #405","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. The photo is of several people standing around on the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library. The three men and one woman in the foreground are in conversation with each other but only the two men on the right have realized the group is being photographed. The two men on the right are looking at the camera and smiling, while the women is still speaking and the third man is looking to his right with his back to the photographer. In the background are other people, some in conversation and some not, as well as empty chairs set up against filled bookshelves. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #406","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. A large audience of men and women have filled the main floor of the Barrett Branch, presumably watching as the ceremony unfolds. Some of the people are sitting in the middle of the space while the rest of the crowd have filled the available standing room, even standing in the sunlight filled entrance vestibule, at the back of the room, to catch a glimpse through the floor to ceiling windows. Regardless of placement, almost all the audience members have their attentions set on the events happening behind the camera, just out of frame. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #407","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Two women stand posing for a picture, on the main floor of the Barrett Branch, presumably after the conclusion of the ceremony. With their arms around each other, the woman on the left looks directly at the camera while the women on the right smiles at something out of frame on the left. In the background are more people, men and women, milling around the large indoor space. Some are in conversation with one another and others are simply moving about the space. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #409","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. The photo is of two smiling men and a young child posing for a picture together. On the left, the young child stands holding the hand of the man in the middle who has brown hair and mustache, is wearing glasses and is dressed in a dark-colored suit with a white shirt and red patterned tie. The man on the right, who stands with his hand on the shoulder of the man in the middle, has white hair and is wearing glasses and a dark-colored suit with a white shirt and blue tie. All three stand under a half visible, gold-framed, painted portrait of Kate Waller Barrett that is hanging on the wall behind them. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #410","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Three men and two children stand posing for a picture together. The three men are all wearing dark-colored suits with light-colored shirts and ties. The two children, one boy and one girl, stand in front of the men in the middle and on the right. The boy wears a light-colored button-down shirt and striped dress pants while the girl wears a striped, long-sleeve dress with black tights and black shoes with pink shoelaces. All five smile at the camera as they pose under a gold-framed, painted portrait of Kate Waller Barrett. The woman in the portrait has her white hair tied back in a bun and sits, posed in profile, and is wearing dark-colored clothes, with floral accents. A gold cross pendant hangs from her neck and a brooch is pinned to her chest. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #411","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. A woman stands posing for a picture with the portrait of Kate Waller Barrett hanging near the entrance of the Barrett Branch Library. The woman, dressed in a red blazer and skirt, smiles as she looks to left at something just out of frame. She stands below the gold-framed, painted portrait of Kate Waller Barrett. In the portrait, Kate Waller Barrett has her white hair tied back into a bun and sits, posed in profile, wearing dark-colored clothes, with floral accents. A gold cross pendant hangs from her neck and a brooch is pinned to her chest. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #412","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Three men and two children stand posing for a picture together under the portrait of Kate Waller Barrett that hangs near the entrance of the Barrett Branch Library. The man on the left has white hair and is wearing glasses, a dark-colored suit, a light-colored shirt and blue tie. He has his hand on the shoulder of the little girl to the right of him who wears a striped long-sleeve dress with black tights and black shoes with pink laces. The little girl holds the hand of the man in the middle who wears a dark-colored suit with a light-colored shirt and dark patterned tie. Next to him, on the right, stands the little boy who wears a light-colored button-down shirt and striped dress pants. The little boy holds the hand of the last man on the right who has brown hair and mustache, glasses, and wears a dark-colored suit with a light-colored shirt and red patterned tie. All five stand beneath the gold-framed, painted portrait of Kate Waller Barrett who has her white hair tied back into a bun. She sits, posed in profile, and is wearing dark-colored clothes, with floral accents, with a gold cross pendant hanging from her neck and a brooch pinned to her chest. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #413","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. The candid photograph is of four men standing in front of the portrait of Kate Waller Barrett that hangs near the entrance to the library. The two men on the left are greeting each other and the two men on the right are standing separately both looking in opposite directions towards things just out of frame. All the men are dressed in suits and ties and three out of four are wearing glasses. The leftmost man is holding multiple pairs of scissors and the second man from the right is holding an event program. Behind them, hanging on the wall is the gold-framed, painted portrait of Kate Waller Barrett who has white hair tied back into a bun and sits, posed in profile, wearing dark-colored clothes, with floral accents, with a gold cross pendant hanging from her neck and a brooch pinned to her chest. Also in the background, off to the left, is a child, seemingly in motion, appearing blurry in the photograph. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #414","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. The candid photograph is of a group of men and women standing around a table of computers on the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library. On the round table there are four white computers, each with their own keyboard and mouse. Two of the computers are in use, one by a man in dark dress pants and white shirt and the other by two people, a woman and young man, working together. In the background are other people milling about as well as library bookshelves and a set of stairs leading to the second floor of the library. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #415","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. The candid photograph is of two groups of men and women, some sitting and some standing, inside of the library presumably before the ceremony begins. To left is a group of seated people, partially blocked from view by a desk, and to the right is a group of men standing together in conversation. Between the two groups sits a small stage with an American flag, bordered at the front by small pots of yellow flowers. In the background are rows of both tall and short bookshelves in front of a glass-front room. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #416","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of two women and one man standing in conversation with one another. The two women are both in light-colored dresses and the woman on the right faces away from the camera and carries a purse. The man wears glasses and is dressed in a light-colored suit with a white dress shirt and patterned tie. The woman on the left looks across to the woman on the right as she and the man in the middle are looking at each other. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #417","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of men and women milling about inside the Barrett Branch. The people in the foreground seem to be in conversation with each other while others are having separate conversations in the background. The photo is being taken from behind a bookshelf decorated with a potted plant whose leaves have just started to come in to frame on the right side of the photo. Behind the people are more bookshelves, decorated with flowers, and a glass-front room. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #418","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photo of four men, one woman, and two children. Every person pictured is looking in a different direction, some seeming to be moving towards different parts of the room and appearing blurry in the photo. All of the men are dressed in suits, the woman wears a pink buttoned jacket, the little boy wears a light-color button-down, and the little girl wears a striped long-sleeve dress. Behind them on the wall hangs a gold-framed, painted portrait of Kate Waller Barrett who has white hair tied back into a bun and sits, posed in profile, wearing dark-colored clothes, with floral accents. A gold cross pendant is hanging from her neck and a brooch is pinned to her chest. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #419","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. The photo is of the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library. In the library stands many men, women, and children milling about the space. Some are in conversation with one another, while others take in their surroundings or speak to people sitting behind the circulation desk to the left of the photo. To the right of the photo is the beginning of a staircase that leads to the second floor of the library. Visible from the balcony, the second floor is filled with bookshelves. In the background, on the lower level, stands a small stage and podium framed by small pots of yellow flowers and an American flag as well as a glass-front room whose windows are letting in bright daylight. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #420","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. The photo is of the main floor of the Barrett Branch and there are men and women milling around in the space, some in conversation with one another and others taking in their surroundings. On the right side of the picture, some of the people stand in front of the circulation desk, decorated with pots of yellow and orange flowers. On the left side of the picture are some glass display cases displaying open books. In the background are the floor to ceiling windows of the entrance vestibule that are providing bright, natural light to the room. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #421","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Pictured is a large audience of men and women on the main floor of the Barrett Branch. Some of the people are sitting in the middle of the room while the rest of the crowd have begun filling in the available standing room, even standing in the sunlight filled entrance vestibule, at the back of the crowd, to catch a glimpse through the floor to ceiling windows. Regardless of placement, almost all the audience members have their attentions set on the events happening behind the camera, just out of frame. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #422","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a group of men and women, of differing ages, standing around a table of computers. At the round table, there are two people with their backs to the camera sharing the same computer, to their right is one woman at the next computer, and the next computer has a group of four sharing the same computer. In the foreground is a shelf that has been decorated with a pot of flowers, that have taken up the left side of the picture. In the background, behind the group of people at the computers is glass-front room and a few people within. Inside the room are bookshelves on the left wall and tables and chairs filling the middle. The windows on the back wall have had their blinds drawn to shade the interior from the bright daylight shining through. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #423","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of some people, both men and women, looking at the available materials on the bookshelves around them on the second floor of the Barrett Branch Library. Some of the men and women are browsing the shelves while others have begun reading their chosen materials. In the foreground are shorter bookshelves, with one man crouching to get a better look at the offerings on the bottom shelf. In the background are taller bookshelves, that almost reach from floor to ceiling. Behind the taller bookshelves are some tables and chairs that have been backlit by the daylight coming through the windows on the back wall. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #424","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a seated audience facing a group of people who seem like library officials seated at the front of the room. The seated audience is facing away from the camera and the group of men and women at the front of the room are applauding in welcome to the man who is standing at the front of the room. He has brown hair and mustache, is wearing glasses and a grey suit with dark tie. Off to the right of the photo is a staircase that leads to the second floor whose balcony sits above the group of clapping men and women. Behind them stands bookshelves, completely filled, that almost reach from floor to ceiling. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #425","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a woman speaking to an audience from an elevated podium. The woman, dressed in a red blazer and white shirt, is looking through her glasses out over the audience. Behind her is both short and tall bookshelves, as well as a wall of glass, and to the left stands an American flag. The woman at the podium stands below the second-floor balcony of the Barrett Branch where three musicians sit with music stands in front of them and bookshelves at their back. In the foreground, somewhat blocking the view of the seated audience, is the circulation desk topped with stacks of paper. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #426","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a seated audience, extending out of frame, who have their attention on a man speaking from an elevated podium. The man at podium, dressed in a dark-colored suit with a white shirt and red tie, is looking down at the podium through his glasses. Behind the podium are rows of book shelves, both short and tall with some decorated with flowers, as well as a glass-front room. The man at the podium stands beneath the second-floor balcony of the Barrett Branch Library. Visible through the balcony's railing are filled bookshelves. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #427","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a man speaking from behind a podium. The man is standing, dressed in a dark-colored suit with a white shirt and dark patterned tie, looking down at the podium through his dark tinted glasses. Behind him are rows of book shelves, both short and tall with some decorated with flowers, as well as a glass-front room. The podium stands below the second-floor balcony of the Barrett Branch Library where three chairs and two music stands are set up. The right most chair is occupied by a person in white shirt and dark pants. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #428","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a woman speaking from an elevated podium. The woman, dressed in a blue dress and matching blue jacket, looks out to an audience just out of frame and she is observed by a small panel of professionally dressed men and women, presumed to be other library officials, on the right side of the picture. The picture is being taken from behind the circulation desk, complete with computer, receipt printer, and landline phone. A pot of yellow, orange and red flowers sits atop the desk, partially blocking an American flag from view. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #429","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a woman speaking from an elevated podium in front of an audience of people that extends out of frame. The woman, dressed in a pink blazer over a dark patterned dress with a string of pearls around her neck, is looking down at the podium while the audience listens. Behind her are rows of book shelves, both short and tall with some decorated with flowers, as well as a glass-front room. The speaker and podium stand beneath an the second-floor balcony of the Barrett Branch Library, where three chairs, music stands, and musicians are seated and viewable through the balcony's railing. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #430","This folder contains photographs of the 1995 ribbon cutting ceremony celebrating the re-opening of the Kate Waller Barrett Branch after renovations.","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a man speaking to an audience, extending out of frame, from an elevated podium. The man, dressed in a dark-colored suit with white shirt and dark patterned tie, is looking down at the podium while holding up a closed book in his right hand and paper in his left hand. Behind him are rows of short and tall bookshelves, some decorated with flowers, in front of a glass-front room. Above the podium sits the second-floor balcony of the Barrett Branch Library. Through the railing, three chairs, music stands, and musicians can be seen in front of filled bookshelves. In the foreground, on the left side of the picture, is the circulation desk topped with stacks of papers. The photo is dated from 1995. Photo previously labeled #431","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a woman speaking from an elevated podium to audience, which extends out of frame. The woman is dressed in a matching blue jacket and dress, and looks out over the audience at something not visible as the audience turns to follow her gaze. To her left and right are men in dark-colored suits and ties that also follow her line-of-sight. Behind her are bookshelves, both tall and short, and a glass-front room. Above the podium is the second-floor balcony and through the railing, three chairs, music stands, and musicians can be seen in front of filled bookshelves. In the foreground, blocking some of the audience from view, is the circulation desk with a computer and piles of paper. The photo is dated from 1995. Photo previously labeled #432","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. This slightly out of focus, color candid photograph is of a woman speaking from an elevated podium to an audience that is seated just out of frame. The woman, dressed in a pink jacket over a dark, patterned dress, is bordered by a group of seated men and women, presumed to be other library officials, on the right and an American flag on the left. Above the woman at the podium is the second-floor balcony and behind her are tall bookshelves and a glass front room. The photo is being taken from behind the circulation desk which has a computer and a pot of yellow, red and orange flowers. The photo is dated from 1995. Photo previously labeled #433","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a group of men and women in conversation with each other amidst the ribbon cutting ceremony. The group consists of four men and two women, presumed to be library officials, who trade smiles and handshakes in front of a clapping audience. Some of the members of the group are still holding scissors and the pieces of red ribbon that were cut as part of the ceremony. Behind them are bookshelves that extend backward into the space. The photo is dated from 1995. Photo previously labeled #434","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a group of men and women amidst the ribbon cutting ceremony. The group consists of three men and two women, some still holding scissors and pieces of the red ribbon cut during the ceremony. The smiling woman in the middle has offered a handshake to the man to the left of her as the audience applauds them. Behind the ribbon cutters are tall and short bookshelves that extend backwards into the space. The photo is dated from 1995. Photo previously labeled #435","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photo of a group of three men and one woman, presumed to be library officials, are trading smiles and the woman offers a handshake to the man on the far left. The woman has grey hair and wears a matching blue jacket and dress. The men are dressed professionally in suits and ties. They stand in front of a small stage and podium, lined with small pots of yellow flowers and decorated by an American flag. Behind them are bookshelves, both tall and short, that extend backwards toward a glass-front room. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #436","Color photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. This candid photograph depicts several people standing behind the main circulation desk on the first floor of the Barrett Branch. In the foreground of the photo is a woman wearing a magenta dress and holding two books. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #408","Color portrait of an outdoor sign from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library after renovations were completed in 1995. On a bright, sunny day at the corner of a red-brick building sits a white sign that reads \"The 200 Block of North Columbus St. Welcomes the New Library\" and just below that it reads \"Thank You\". Propped up on a wooden easel, the sign is decorated by a single gold, metallic balloon that is moving with the wind. Behind the sign to the right are row houses and a parked car. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #441","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, a group of presumed library officials sit next to a stage and listen to the woman speaking from the podium. The woman has white hair and is dressed in a matching blue jacket and dress turns her head to welcome another woman who making her way to an empty chair among the group of officials. The woman being welcomed has tied back, brown hair and glasses and is wearing a colorful dress and black, t-strap shoes. Some of the men and women in the group of officials clap while others offer warm smiles to the approaching woman. Behind them is a small circulation desk and filled bookshelves. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #442","Color portrait photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, a group of presumed library staff stand behind the circulation desk and smile at the camera. Four women are directly behind the desk and five more seem to be coming out of the room just behind the desk. Some of the other women have realized their picture is being taken and look at the camera, while others have not and continue their conversations with one another. One man stands in front of the desk and has turned to face the camera while a final woman seems to being walking past him. Folding chairs are set up and extend out of frame and because each still has a paper program on it, it is likely the event has not yet started. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #443","Color candid photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, two group of presumed library officials both sit and stand next to a small stage. Though not all the chairs are filled, the seated group includes three women and four men, all dressed professionally, who seem to be waiting for the event to start. The standing group, consisting of three men and two women, are all in conversation with one another. The woman in the middle with white hair, blue dress and light-colored purse is speaking and the remainder of the standing group leans in to listen. Behind them is the stage, decorated with an American flag, and both tall and short bookshelves that extend out of frame. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #444","Color photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera aims at the circulation desk and the people that stand around it. Presumed to be library staff, four women stand together and all but one is smiling up at the camera. Other people, presumed to be library staff and officials, stand around the desk. Some are in conversation and others are looking in different directions around the room. In front of the circulation desk, extending out of frame, are rows of folding chairs each with a paper program on the seats. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #445","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Set up on the second-floor balcony of the Barrett Branch, are three female musicians in the midst of performing. All three are wearing white dress shirts and black bottoms and each sit in her own wooden chair across from sheet music on a music stand and plays from a flute. Behind them are a man and a woman in conversation leaning over the balcony railing to get a better view of what is going on the floor below. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #446","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, pictured is a man in a dark suit and tie speaking from a podium on a small elevated stage, which he shares with an American flag. Bordering the front of the stage are small pots of yellow flowers. To the left and right of the stage sit two groups of men and women, presumably library officials who have their attention on the man speaking. Behind them are rows of both tall and short bookshelves that extend back into the room and out of frame. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #447","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Men and women of varying ages stand milling around the main floor of the Barrett Branch library seeming after the conclusion of the ceremony. In the foreground, one man sits at a table with his hands on a computer keyboard and converses with the two women who are speaking to him. The woman on the left has short brown hair and wears a blue jacket and the woman on the right has short greying hair and wears a white shirt, denim bottoms, and carries a small purse. In the background is a larger group pf men and women, gathered around a table of computers. Behind are bookshelves that extend to the other side of the room where more people sit at tables in conversation. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #448","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Outside the front entrance of the Barrett Branch Library, in the shade of a tree, is a group of men and women who seem to be waiting for the library to open and for the ceremony to begin. On the front doors, illuminated by the sun, two signs read \"Re-opening\" and \"Sept. 10, 2PM\". Some of the group are sitting on the red brick retaining wall outside of the library while other stand in conversation closer to the entrance. The building is red brick, with white columns and white doors. A large, half-moon shaped windows sits atop the doors allowing natural light to fill the entrance vestibule within. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #449","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. The photo is aimed at the circulation desk where some people have begun to converse with the library staff behind the desk. In front of the desk, the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library has been filled with folding chairs where a few people have begun to sit. There are folded programs on each of the folding chairs, suggesting that the ceremony has not yet begun. On the right side of the picture are bookshelves that fill the space at the back of the main floor as well as the second floor, which is visible through the balcony railing. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #450","Color candid photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the picture is focused on the group of men and women standing against the wall behind the circulation desk. There are nine women and two men visible, dressed professionally, and most of them seem to have their attention on something happening just out of frame on the right. In front of the desk on the left is the beginnings of a seated audience and starting from the circulation desk extending out of frame across the front of the audience stretches the red ribbon that has yet to be cut. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #451","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. A group of two men, one woman, and one young man are standing in conversation with each other next to a round table that currently holds computers, of which only the keyboards and mice are visible. The young man has dark hair and wears a blue collared shirt and the woman he is next to has short brown hair and wears a blue patterned dress and carries a white purse. The two men are both dressed in dark suits with light dress shirts. The man with glasses wears a dark tie. Behind them are some table and chairs separating the group from the tall book shelves that extend out passed both sides of frame. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #452","Color candid photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, two men are pictured in conversation with each other while standing behind a podium on a small elevated stage. The men both wear suits with light-colored shirts, and the viewer is clearly able to see that the man on the left is wearing glasses and a tie. The man on the right has his back to the camera because his attention is on the other man who seems to be explaining something while pointing to something just out of sight on the left. In front of the stage are small pots of yellow flowers and beside the stage are rows of wooden chairs that have yet to be filled. Each chair has a folded program that seems to suggest the ceremony has yet to begin. Behind the men and the stage are bookshelves, both tall and short, that are filled with material. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #453","Color candid photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Pointed toward the interior entrance of the Barrett Branch, taken from the opposite end of the main floor, men and women are milling about the space presumably after the conclusion of the ribbon cutting. In the foreground are men and women using the available computers and in front of them is a large gathering of people milling around the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library. Some seem to be in conversation with one another, while other seem to simply be moving around the space. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #454","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at where the ceremony will be held. A large seated audience of men and women is forming behind a red ribbon that has been stretched from the circulation desk to the staircase's railing on the opposite side of the room. The men and women standing behind the circulation desk are, presumably, library staff and the few men and women that stand on the other side of the red ribbon from the audience are the library officials that will be speaking during the ceremony. The library officials seem to be looking at someone just out of frame and two of them are waving to try and get their attention. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #455","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at the main floor of the Barrett Branch where folding chairs have been set up in the middle of the room for an audience that has begun filing in. Men and women of varying ages and dress are coming in through the bright, naturally lit entrance vestibule, stopping at the circulation desk, before finding an empty seat. The men and women behind the circulation desk are, presumably, library staff who are either in conversation with one another or watching the people who are filing into the library. Just in front of the audience, stretching from the circulation desk to the railing of the staircase at the opposite of the room, is a red ribbon that is being handled by a woman in a dark top and patterned skirt. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #456","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points at a small group of men and women who are seated in wooden chairs to the left of a small stage with a podium. Seated in two rows, the group consists of four women and three men, and are presumed to be library officials. They are all in professional dress, either in suits and ties or dresses and blazers, and the front row seems to be conversation with each other. Just behind them, extending backward into the space, are filled bookshelves. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #457","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a man speaking from a podium on a small elevated stage. The man, wearing glasses and dressed in a grey-colored suit with a white shirt and dark-colored tie, holds a book in one hand and paper in the other as he looks out at the audience in front of him. The men and women seated next to the stage, who are presumed to be library officials, have their attention on the speaker. The stage is bordered in the front by small pots of yellow flowers and framed in the back by bookshelves that extend backward into the space. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #458","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a small elevated stage and podium and the men and women that surround it. The men and women, presumed to be library officials, stand with their hands over their hearts as they face the American flag that sits on the stage. All professionally dressed, only one man and one woman stand on the stage while the others stand to either side as they seem to recite the Pledge of Allegiance. Behind the stage are rows of bookshelves that extend backwards and out of frame. Above the stage is the second-floor balcony of the Barrett Branch. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #459","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a small elevated stage and podium and the men and women that surround it. On the stage stands a brown-haired woman, wearing a floral-patterned dress and pink blazer, speaking from a podium to the audience that sits in front of her just out of view. On either side of the stage sits other men and women, presumed to be library officials, who have their attention on the woman at the podium. Framing the front of the stage are small pots of yellow flowers and behind the stage, extending backwards out of frame, are bookshelves. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #460","This folder contains photographs of the 1995 ribbon cutting ceremony celebrating the re-opening of the Kate Waller Barrett Branch after renovations.","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a small elevated stage and podium and the people that surround it. Although the picture is out of focusing, appearing blurry, a woman with red hair and glasses, wearing a red blazer and skirt, can be seen speaking from the podium. With their attention on the speaker at the podium, the men and women that sit next to the stage are presumed to be library officials. The stage, framed at the front by small pots of yellow flowers, backs up to rows of short bookshelves that extend backward out of frame. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #461","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a small elevated stage and podium and the people that surround it. On the stage, standing at the podium, is a man with glasses wearing a dark-colored suit and tie with a red pocket square. He looks down at the paper on the podium as he speaks to the audience in front of him, sitting just out of view. The men and women sitting next to the stage, presumed to be library officials, are dressed professionally as some turn their attention toward the speaker. The front of the stage is framed by small pots of yellow flowers and rows of short bookshelves sit at the back of the stage. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #462","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down on the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library where the audience sits as the ribbon ceremony goes on. On the left side of the picture, many men and women sit in folding chairs as they listen to the man speaking from the small elevated stage and podium in front of them. Stretching from the circulation desk, across the room, to the railing of the staircase is a red ribbon that separates the audience from the men and women on and around the stage. There are also men and women that stand behind the circulation desk, presumed to be library staff, that have their attention on the man at the podium, who is dressed in a dark-colored suit with a light-colored shirt. On either side of the stage, separated from the general audience, sit other men and women who are presumed to be library officials. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #463","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down on the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library where the audience sits as the ribbon ceremony goes on. On the right side of the picture sits a large audience of men and women that extends backwards out if frame. They are separated from the small stage and podium by a red ribbon that stretches from the circulation desk, across the room, to the railing of the staircase that leads to the second floor. Behind the circulation desk stands a few men and women, who are presumed to be library staff, who have their attention on the man that speaks from the podium. The speaker, dressed in a dark-colored suit and tie, looks down at the paper on the podium as he addresses the audience in front of him. The people sitting to left and right of the stage, who are separate from the general audience, are presumed to be library officials who are part of the ceremony proceedings. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #464","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a man standing in behind a podium on a small elevated stage. The man, dressed in a grey-colored suit and glasses, seems to have his head tilted down in pause to accept the applause he is receiving from the people around him. Next to the stage sits a group of men and women who are presumed to be library officials. One man and one woman can be seen clapping for the man on the stage. The front of the stage is framed by small pots of yellow flowers and the back of the stage is bordered by short bookshelves that extend backward out of view. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #465","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a woman standing behind a podium on a small elevate stage. The woman has grey hair, dressed in a matching blue dress and blazer, and looks out at the audience seated in front of her, just out of view. There is a group of men and women seated in three rows next to the stage, presumed to be library officials, who look and listen to the woman speaking from the podium. Behind the stage and the group of library officials are some tall and short bookshelves that extend backward into the space and out of frame. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #466","Color candid photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library where men and women are milling around presumably after the ribbon has been cut officially opening the library. The men and women, of all ages and in varying dress, are either in conversation with one another or are on the move to a different part of the space. Some are making their way up the stairs and past whomever is taking the picture while others are moving towards the rows of bookshelves that extend backward out of frame. Barely visible amongst the people is a small stage and podium where library officials had spoken during the ceremony. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #467","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a small stage and the men and women that surround it. On the stage, standing behind a podium, is grey-haired woman in a matching blue dress and blazer who speaks to the audience seated in front of her, just out of view. On either side of the stage where the woman in blue is speaking from, sits two groups of men and women, presumed to be library officials, who have attention on the woman in blue. The front of the stage is framed with small pots of yellow flowers and the back is bordered by short bookshelves that extend backward into the space. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #468","Color candid photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at the main floor of the Barret Branch where people have begun to move about the space, presumably, at the conclusion of the ribbon cutting ceremony. Some of the men and women are in conversation with each other while others have begun exploring the space and materials available. Visible among the crowd is the circulation desk, with a few staff members working from behind it. Across the room, also visible among the crowd, is the small stage and podium that library officials spoke from during the ceremony. Above the crowd, on the right side of the picture, is the second-floor balcony which has been populated by more exploring people. The photo is dated from 1995. Photo previously labeled #469","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a small stage and podium. Standing behind the podium is a man with glasses, wearing a dark-colored suit and tie, who is looking down at the papers on the podium in front of him. To one side of the stage is small group of men and women who are seated in three rows, all in professional dress. This small group of people are presumed to be library officials, as is the man in a grey-colored suit that is seated behind the stage. Behind the stage are short bookshelves that extend backward out of frame and the front of the stage is line with small pots of yellow flowers. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #470","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at the main floor of the Barret Branch wear a stage sits before a large seated audience. Separating the audience from the stage is a long red ribbon stretching from the circulation desk across the room to the staircase's railing. Behind the circulation desk, standing with their backs to the wall, are men and women who seem to be part of the library staff. On the stage stands a brown-haired woman, wearing a floral-patterned dress and pink blazer, speaking from a podium to the audience that sits in front of her. On either side of the stage sits other men and women, presumed to be library officials, who have their attention on the woman at the podium. Framing the front of the stage are small pots of yellow flowers and behind the stage, extending backwards out of frame, are bookshelves. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #471","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at the main floor of the Barret Branch wear a stage sits before a large seated audience. Separating the audience from the stage is a long red ribbon stretching from the circulation desk across the room to the staircase's railing. Behind the circulation desk, standing with their backs to the wall, are men and women who seem to be part of the library staff. On the stage stands a man with glasses, wearing a grey-colored suit, speaking from a podium to the audience that sits in front of him. On either side of the stage sits other men and women, presumed to be library officials, who have their attention on the man at the podium. Framing the front of the stage are small pots of yellow flowers and behind the stage, extending backwards out of frame, are bookshelves. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #472","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a small stage and podium as well as the people that surround it. Speaking from the podium stands a man with glasses, in a grey-colored suit and tie, who looks down at the paper in front of him. On either side of the stage sits two small groups of men and women, presumed to be library officials, who have their attention on the man on stage. All are professionally dressed and some hold programs probably pertaining to the ceremony. The front of the stage is lined with small pots of yellow flows and behind the stage are rows of short and tall books shelves. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #473","Color candid photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at two groups of men and women on the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library. The group closest to the camera consists of six men and two women who are professionally dressed and seem to be library officials. Each woman shakes the hand of one of the men in the group. Behind them is a small stage and podium, that is lined with small pots of yellow flowers along the front. In the other side of the stage is another small group of men and women, also thought to be library officials. One woman seated at the front of the group, with white hair and patterned dress, is leaning forward to greet a woman with brown hair, black jacket, and skirt standing in front of her. Behind the two groups and the stage are bookshelves that extend backward out of frame. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #474","Color candid photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a small group of men and women who are standing, in conversation with each other. The group, consisting of two women and five men, are all professionally dressed and seem to be library officials. Facing away from the camera, one woman with a pink jacket is shaking hands with a man in a dark colored suit and patterned tie. Behind this group is a small, unoccupied stage and podium and on the other side of the stage is another group of seated, presumed, library officials. Behind the stage are bookshelves that extend backwards out of frame. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #475","Color photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. In the foreground of the picture, two unidentified women smile at the camera. The woman on the left has short blond hair, glasses, and wears a patterned collared dress. The woman in the left has dark brown hair and wears a dark blue top with a high neck. Behind them are more men and women who are milling about on the main floor of the Barrett Branch, presumably after the conclusion of the ceremony. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #476","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. The camera is pointed at the line of men and women standing at the circulation desk at the Barrett Branch Library. Presumably, these are members of the public who attended the ribbon cutting and are now exploring the new space after the conclusion of the ceremony. On the upper right-side of the picture, visible through the railing, is the second-floor balcony where people a standing amongst the bookshelves. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #477","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a man standing on a small stage, behind a podium. Though the camera is unfocused and the photo appears slightly blurry it can be determined that the man, dressed in a dark-colored suit with a white pocket square, looks down at the papers on the podium as the small group of men and women seated on the other side of the stage have their attention on him. The small group of men and women, who are dressed professionally, are presumed to be library officials that are part of the ribbon cutting ceremony. One other presumed official is seated behind the stage and is reading a piece of paper. Also, behind the stage and the small group of library officials, are rows of bookshelves that extend backward out of frame. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #478","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a line of people who stand facing a seated audience of men and women. The line of people is professionally dressed men and women, presumably library officials, who each hold onto a red ribbon that stretches across the room from the circulation desk to the railing of the staircase. The seated audience and the men and women standing behind the circulation desk smile at the line of officials as they cut the ribbon. One woman, with grey hair and blue dress, holds up her scissors and her portion of the red ribbon in celebration. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #479","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a man in a grey-colored suit who stands on a small stage. Looking down at the orange-handled scissors in hand, he faces a small group of men and women, presumed to be library officials, as they walk towards the left side of the photo. The man on the stage is handing out pairs of scissors to members of the ribbon cutting ceremony as they make their way towards the ribbon that is just out of view. Behind the man and the stage, is another small group of men and women seated in front of bookshelves who watch as the other officials make their way to the ribbon. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #480","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library and the men and women who are filing in before the start of the ceremony. There are folding chairs set up in the middle of the room that a being filled by people coming from the entrance vestibule at the back of the space. Behind the circulation desk stands many men and women, presumed to be library staff, who watch as members of the public take their seats. In front of the audience stretching across the room, from the circulation desk to the railing of the staircase, is a long red ribbon. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #481","This folder contains black and white photographs pertaining to the Robert H. Robinson Library, dated from 1946 to 1950. The photos capture the Robert H. Robinson Library building, staff, and various events.","Black and white photograph of Sara Murphy Carr sitting at her desk in the Robert Robinson Branch of Alexandria Library. Carr has short, dark hair and is wearing a light-colored blazer and a dark-colored top underneath. She looks directly at the camera from a chair behind her wooden desk, which is topped with file folders, a box of catalog cards, a folded newspaper, and other items. Behind her is a cart filled books and behind her further are filled bookshelves, some are topped with more books or other décor. The photo is dated c.1948. Photo previously labeled as #494","Black and white photograph of Sara Murphy Carr posing for a picture in the doorway of the Robert Robinson Library. Carr has short, dark hair and is wearing a light-color jacket, dark-colored top, light-colored knee length skirt, with dark-colored shoes. She stands facing the camera and seems to have her hand on the knob of the front door that is slightly ajar behind her. A stoop and front step lead up to the front of the brick building and above the white trimmed door is a sign that reads \"Robert Robinson Library\" in dark letters. The photo is dated c.1948. Photo previously labeled as #495","Black and white candid photograph taken outside the Robert Robinson Library as Miss Bracie enters the building. Facing the front of the library, the photo captures a woman, identified as Miss Bracie, stepping up to the front door of the building. With her back to the camera, Miss Bracie wears a light-colored jacket and skirt, a much lighter-colored hat with black sash, and carries a dark-colored hand bag. The building, made of brick with a dark-colored metal roof, has one brick chimney on the left side and four narrow windows that are evenly separated by the white trimmed front door. Above the front door, just under an outdoor light, is a sign that reads \"Robert Robinson Library\" in dark letters. A cement walkway leads up to the door and is bordered on either side by shrubbery and grass. The photo is dated c.1950. Photo previously labeled as #496","Black and white photograph of Story Hour at Robert Robinson Library. Robinson Librarian Minnie N. Fuller, sits and reads to twelve children who either sit in chairs or kneel on the carpeted floor in front of her. Fuller has short, dark hair and is wearing a light-colored dress with light-colored shoes. Her head is tilted down and away from the camera as she reads the book and the children, both boys and girls, are turned to face her. Behind the children are three windows that have their blinds open. The photo is dated 1950. Photo previously labeled as #497","Black and white photograph of a group of men and women, presumably attending an event, at the Robert H. Robinson Library. Posed in two rows, nine women and three men are pictured together with some looking directly at the camera and others facing in different directions. All are dressed up, with the women in dresses and dress hats and the men in suits. One clergyman stands in the second row and is dressed in a clerical collar. One woman is identified as Alexandria Library Director Ellen Coolidge Burke (first row, second from the left) and she is dressed in a dark jacket, light-colored shirt, light-colored skirt, and dark-colored hat. Behind the group is a wall with a bookshelf and closed door. The photo is dated 1950. Photo previously labeled #498","Black and white candid photograph taken of Story Hour at Robert Robinson Library. Twenty-three children, listen as Robinson Librarian Sara Murphy Carr reads a picture book. Carr is wearing a light-colored outfit and dark-colored shoes. Her hair has been tied back away from her face and she looks down at the open book through her glasses. Many of the children have realized they are being photographed and have turned to face the camera, but a few have their gazes turned elsewhere. The space where the group sits is lined on three sides by filled bookshelves, some topped with more books or other décor. The photo is dated April 1946. Photo previously labeled as #499","Black and white photo of the 10th Anniversary of the Robert H. +Robinson Library. Seated in five rows, a group of men and women, some young and some old, pose for a picture inside the Robert Robinson Library. Not everyone looks directly at the camera, but all are dressed professionally. Some women can be seen wearing hats and dress gloves while the men can be seen in suit and tie. One clergyman sits in the back dressed in his clerical collar. Behind the group, the walls are lined with bookshelves that have been decorated with original art work of varying sizes. The photo is dated 1950. Photo previously labeled as #500","This sub-series contains records documenting the branches and divisions of the Alexandria Library system including the construction of the branches and information regarding their operations. The branches represented here include the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library, the James M. Duncan Branch Library, the Ellen Coolidge Burke Branch Library, the Robert H. Robinson Library, the \"New Branch\" (later known as the Charles E. Beatley, Jr. Central Library), the Special Services Division, and the Lloyd House (later known as Local History and Special Collections).","This folder contains miscellaneous records pertaining to the construction of the building addition to the Kate Waller Barrett branch of Alexandria Library in 1954. Documents include copies of contracts, proof of insurance, and other notes and correspondence related to the proposed addition to the Barrett branch.","This folder contains records pertaining to the construction specifications for the building addition to the Kate Waller Barrett branch of Alexandria Library in 1954. Documents include the Specifications report, prepared by the Alexandria Library Board, detailing the proposed requirements for the construction of the addition to the Barrett branch.","This folder contains financial records pertaining to the construction of the building addition to the Kate Waller Barrett branch of Alexandria Library in 1954. Documents include copies of vendor invoices, reports of money spent, and other related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to the process of selecting bids for which construction agency would carry out the construction of the building addition to the Kate Waller Barrett branch of Alexandria Library in 1954. Documents include copies of proposals, meeting minutes, press material, and other related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to monthly reports regarding the Robert Robinson branch of Alexandria Library, dating from December 1947 to December 1951. Documents include monthly reports on branch statistics, yearly fiscal report, discard lists, and other related notes.","This folder contains records pertaining to monthly reports regarding the Robert Robinson branch of Alexandria Library, dating from January 1952 to December 1955. Documents include monthly reports on branch statistics, and other related notes.","This folder contains records pertaining to monthly reports regarding the Robert Robinson branch of Alexandria Library, dating from January 1956 to May 1959. Documents include monthly reports on branch statistics, and other related notes.","This series is currently being processed and is not yet available for research use. Please contact Local History / Special Collections staff for more details.","This sub-series is currently being processed and is not yet available for research use. Please contact Local History / Special Collections staff for more details.","This sub-series is currently being processed and is not yet available for research use. Please contact Local History / Special Collections staff for more details.","This sub-series is currently being processed and is not yet available for research use. Please contact Local History / Special Collections staff for more details.","This sub-series is currently being processed and is not yet available for research use. Please contact Local History / Special Collections staff for more details.","This sub-series contains web-published resources that were created by, or are directly related to, the Alexandria Library in Alexandria, Virginia. This includes the Library website, Library social media accounts, Library blog, and the websites of Library friends' groups.","Website of the Alexandria Library in Alexandria, Virginia","Facebook account of the Alexandria Library in Alexandria, Virginia","Instagram account of the Alexandria Library in Alexandria, Virginia","Twitter account of the Alexandria Library in Alexandria, Virginia","Youtube account of the Alexandria Library in Alexandria, Virginia","Alexandria Library's blog which focuses on adult programs, events, and services including news and updates about the Library's collection, services, resources, and programs for adults","Online donation portal for the Alexandria Library Foundation, Inc. The Alexandria Library Foundation is a non-profit organization which provides funding for the Alexandria Library System in Alexandria, Virginia","Website of the Friends of the Beatley Central Library in Alexandria, Virginia. The Friends are a volunteer organizations which works to promote the interests and programs of the Library","Website of the Friends of Duncan Library. The Friends are a volunteer organization that supports the operations of the Duncan Branch Library, located in the Del Ray neighborhood of Alexandria, Virginia","Intranet website for Alexandria Library staff","Materials relating to the Alexandria Library Board have been moved from MS098 to the Alexandria Library Board Records (MS416).","Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Alexandria Library (Alexandria, Va.)","Alexandria Library Company","Alexandria Library Association (1897-1937)","Alexandria Library Society (1937-1953)","Burke, Ellen Coolidge","Duncan, James M., Jr. (James Morton), 1897-1967","Barrett, Kate Waller, Dr., 1858-1925","Beatley, Charles E., Jr., 1916-2003","Robinson, Robert Henry, Rev. (1824-1909)","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MS098","/repositories/2/resources/157"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Alexandria Library Records (MS098)"],"collection_title_tesim":["Alexandria Library Records (MS098)"],"collection_ssim":["Alexandria Library Records (MS098)"],"repository_ssm":["Alexandria Library"],"repository_ssim":["Alexandria Library"],"geogname_ssm":["Alexandria (Va.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Alexandria (Va.)"],"creator_ssm":["Alexandria Library (Alexandria, Va.)"],"creator_ssim":["Alexandria Library (Alexandria, Va.)"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Alexandria Library (Alexandria, Va.)"],"creators_ssim":["Alexandria Library (Alexandria, Va.)"],"places_ssim":["Alexandria (Va.)"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Alexandria (Va.). Library","Public libraries."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Alexandria (Va.). Library","Public libraries."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["13.86 Cubic Feet 30 boxes, 1 oversized box"],"extent_tesim":["13.86 Cubic Feet 30 boxes, 1 oversized box"],"date_range_isim":[1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research. Public access to some confidential personnel records is restricted, these materials are noted as such.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains confidential personnel records. Public access and use of these materials is restricted for 75 years from the date of creation of the document.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis site is only accessible to Alexandria Library staff and is not available for public research use.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions","Conditions Governing Access","Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for research. Public access to some confidential personnel records is restricted, these materials are noted as such.","This folder contains confidential personnel records. Public access and use of these materials is restricted for 75 years from the date of creation of the document.","This site is only accessible to Alexandria Library staff and is not available for public research use."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis finding aid describes and documents the updated arrangement of this collection as of 2023. Previously, the collection was organized into the following series: By Laws, Charters, and Agreements; Board; Annual Reports; Administration; Circulation; Construction; History; Publicity; Scrapbooks; Workshops; Queen/Barrett; Robert Robinson; Special Services; and Lloyd House. \"By-Laws, Charters, and Agreements\" and \"Administration\" have been combined into the new Subseries 1.2. Administration and Finance. \"History,\" \"Publicity,\" \"Scrapbooks,\" \"Workshops,\" and \"Photographs\" have been combined into the new Subseries 1.4. History, Programming, and Outreach. \"Construction,\" \"Queen/Barrett,\" \"Robert Robinson,\" \"Special Services,\" and \"Lloyd House,\" have been combined into the new Subseries 1.5. Branch Records.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe \"Board\" series has been separated from MS098 and combined with other records to form a new, separate collection of Alexandria Library Board Records.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe physical and intellectual arrangement of the Alexandria Library Records (MS098) has been updated a few times over the years, while remaining accessible to the public. Thus, the decision was made to maintain, as much as appropriate, the current order of the pre-existing collection as Series 1: Founding and 20th Century Records; and Series 2: 21st Century Records includes the new accretions to the collection as of 2023. Future accretions to this collection will either be added to Series 2 or form a new series.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSeries 1. Founding and 20th Century Records, 1937-2005\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries 1.1. Annual Reports\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries 1.2. Administration and Finance\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries 1.3. Circulation Records\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries 1.4. History, Programming, and Outreach\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries 1.5. Branch Records\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSeries 2. 21st Century Records, 1994-present\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries 2.1. Annual Reports\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries 2.2. Administration and Finance\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries 2.3. Branch Records\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries 2.4. Programming and Outreach\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries 2.5. Web Archives\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Notes on Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This finding aid describes and documents the updated arrangement of this collection as of 2023. Previously, the collection was organized into the following series: By Laws, Charters, and Agreements; Board; Annual Reports; Administration; Circulation; Construction; History; Publicity; Scrapbooks; Workshops; Queen/Barrett; Robert Robinson; Special Services; and Lloyd House. \"By-Laws, Charters, and Agreements\" and \"Administration\" have been combined into the new Subseries 1.2. Administration and Finance. \"History,\" \"Publicity,\" \"Scrapbooks,\" \"Workshops,\" and \"Photographs\" have been combined into the new Subseries 1.4. History, Programming, and Outreach. \"Construction,\" \"Queen/Barrett,\" \"Robert Robinson,\" \"Special Services,\" and \"Lloyd House,\" have been combined into the new Subseries 1.5. Branch Records.","The \"Board\" series has been separated from MS098 and combined with other records to form a new, separate collection of Alexandria Library Board Records.","The physical and intellectual arrangement of the Alexandria Library Records (MS098) has been updated a few times over the years, while remaining accessible to the public. Thus, the decision was made to maintain, as much as appropriate, the current order of the pre-existing collection as Series 1: Founding and 20th Century Records; and Series 2: 21st Century Records includes the new accretions to the collection as of 2023. Future accretions to this collection will either be added to Series 2 or form a new series.","Series 1. Founding and 20th Century Records, 1937-2005\n Subseries 1.1. Annual Reports Subseries 1.2. Administration and Finance Subseries 1.3. Circulation Records Subseries 1.4. History, Programming, and Outreach Subseries 1.5. Branch Records Series 2. 21st Century Records, 1994-present\n Subseries 2.1. Annual Reports Subseries 2.2. Administration and Finance Subseries 2.3. Branch Records Subseries 2.4. Programming and Outreach Subseries 2.5. Web Archives"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFounded as a subscription library in 1794 and serving as the public library of Alexandria, Virginia since 1937 – Alexandria Library has a long legacy of supporting early literacy and lifelong learning in our diverse community. The Alexandria Library builds community through its six branches by providing opportunities to learn, explore, create, and connect.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Alexandria Library Company (ALC) was founded on July 24, 1794 and operated a subscription library for nearly 150 years. In 1937, the ALC entered an agreement with the City of Alexandria and their collections formed the foundation of the city's first free public library. Since then, the Alexandria Library has grown into a system of six branches which serve the community of Alexandria, Virginia. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Kate Waller Barrett Library opened its doors on Queen Street in 1937; this was the first location of the Alexandria Library. It was named after Dr. Kate Waller Barrett – local humanitarian, social crusader, and political reformer. The Society of Friends granted a 99-year lease for use of its old Quaker Burial Ground on Queen Street as the site for the new public library building. This library has undergone several renovations and expansions over the years, in 1954, 1964, and 1993. When the Charles E. Beatley, Jr. Central Library was built, the Barrett Library shifted from being the main library to its current role as a branch library which serves residents of Old Town Alexandria and surrounding neighborhoods.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Robert Robinson Library, named for a grandson of one of George Washington's slaves, opened in 1940 to serve black residents of Alexandria. The establishment of this new branch library was motivated by a civil rights demonstration and lawsuit brought against the Library and the City of Alexandria. The earliest known civil rights sit-in was held at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library in 1939. Alexandria Attorney Samuel W. Tucker and five young African American men demonstrated this act of civil disobedience after being denied library cards. The Sit-In and following legal action resulted in the establishment of a new branch of the library to provide \"separate but equal\" library services to black residents. However, this new library branch never received the same support or funding as the main library and was never able to provide fully equitable services to the local African American community. The Alexandria Library officially integrated for adults in 1959, and for children in 1962. The Robert Robinson Library closed in 1962 and the building is now the site of the Alexandria Black History Museum. \u003ca href=\"https://alexlibraryva.org/1939-sit-in\"\u003eMore details about the 1939 sit-in and integration of Alexandria Library, as well as links to additional resources can be found on our website.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Ellen Coolidge Burke Branch Library opened on Seminary Road in 1968. This branch library was named after Ellen Coolidge Burke (1901-1975), who served as Director of the Alexandria Library from 1948 to 1969. The Burke Branch Library serves residents of the Seminary Hill neighborhood and surrounding areas. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe James M. Duncan, Jr. Branch Library opened on Commonwealth Avenue in 1969. The Duncan Branch Library serves residents of the Del Ray neighborhood and surrounding areas. This branch was named after James M. Duncan (1897-1967), who served as Chief of the Alexandria Fire Department 1924-1947, member of City Council 1949-1967, and member of the Alexandria Library Board 1950-1967. In 2005 the Duncan Branch Library underwent renovations and became the first City of Alexandria government building to have a \"living\" roof – a Green Infrastructure approach to reducing stormwater runoff and pollution in local waterways. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Local History / Special Collections Branch was established in 1976 and first housed at Lloyd House, a historic home on the corner of Queen and North Washington Streets. In 1999, after completion of the most recent round of renovations and expansions, Local History / Special Collections moved into the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library. Local History / Special Collections stewards many valuable resources documenting the history and culture of Alexandria and Virginia from the colonial period to the present.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Charles E. Beatley, Jr. Central Library opened on Duke Street in 2000. This new central library was named after former mayor of Alexandria, Charles E. \"Chuck\" Beatley, Jr. (1916-2003). Upon completion of the new main library site, library adminstration offices were moved from the Barrett Library (formerly the central library) to the Beatley Library.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 2015 the Library took over management of the Alexandria Law Library, located in the basement of the Alexandria Circuit Court on King Street. The Alexandria Law Library provides legal resources for the benefit of the entire Alexandria community, including its citizens, government agencies, local businesses, the judiciary, and members of the bar.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibraryva.org/about-us#timeline\"\u003eFor a more detailed timeline of the history of Alexandria Library, check out our website.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Founded as a subscription library in 1794 and serving as the public library of Alexandria, Virginia since 1937 – Alexandria Library has a long legacy of supporting early literacy and lifelong learning in our diverse community. The Alexandria Library builds community through its six branches by providing opportunities to learn, explore, create, and connect.","The Alexandria Library Company (ALC) was founded on July 24, 1794 and operated a subscription library for nearly 150 years. In 1937, the ALC entered an agreement with the City of Alexandria and their collections formed the foundation of the city's first free public library. Since then, the Alexandria Library has grown into a system of six branches which serve the community of Alexandria, Virginia. ","The Kate Waller Barrett Library opened its doors on Queen Street in 1937; this was the first location of the Alexandria Library. It was named after Dr. Kate Waller Barrett – local humanitarian, social crusader, and political reformer. The Society of Friends granted a 99-year lease for use of its old Quaker Burial Ground on Queen Street as the site for the new public library building. This library has undergone several renovations and expansions over the years, in 1954, 1964, and 1993. When the Charles E. Beatley, Jr. Central Library was built, the Barrett Library shifted from being the main library to its current role as a branch library which serves residents of Old Town Alexandria and surrounding neighborhoods.","The Robert Robinson Library, named for a grandson of one of George Washington's slaves, opened in 1940 to serve black residents of Alexandria. The establishment of this new branch library was motivated by a civil rights demonstration and lawsuit brought against the Library and the City of Alexandria. The earliest known civil rights sit-in was held at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library in 1939. Alexandria Attorney Samuel W. Tucker and five young African American men demonstrated this act of civil disobedience after being denied library cards. The Sit-In and following legal action resulted in the establishment of a new branch of the library to provide \"separate but equal\" library services to black residents. However, this new library branch never received the same support or funding as the main library and was never able to provide fully equitable services to the local African American community. The Alexandria Library officially integrated for adults in 1959, and for children in 1962. The Robert Robinson Library closed in 1962 and the building is now the site of the Alexandria Black History Museum.  More details about the 1939 sit-in and integration of Alexandria Library, as well as links to additional resources can be found on our website.","The Ellen Coolidge Burke Branch Library opened on Seminary Road in 1968. This branch library was named after Ellen Coolidge Burke (1901-1975), who served as Director of the Alexandria Library from 1948 to 1969. The Burke Branch Library serves residents of the Seminary Hill neighborhood and surrounding areas. ","The James M. Duncan, Jr. Branch Library opened on Commonwealth Avenue in 1969. The Duncan Branch Library serves residents of the Del Ray neighborhood and surrounding areas. This branch was named after James M. Duncan (1897-1967), who served as Chief of the Alexandria Fire Department 1924-1947, member of City Council 1949-1967, and member of the Alexandria Library Board 1950-1967. In 2005 the Duncan Branch Library underwent renovations and became the first City of Alexandria government building to have a \"living\" roof – a Green Infrastructure approach to reducing stormwater runoff and pollution in local waterways. ","The Local History / Special Collections Branch was established in 1976 and first housed at Lloyd House, a historic home on the corner of Queen and North Washington Streets. In 1999, after completion of the most recent round of renovations and expansions, Local History / Special Collections moved into the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library. Local History / Special Collections stewards many valuable resources documenting the history and culture of Alexandria and Virginia from the colonial period to the present.","The Charles E. Beatley, Jr. Central Library opened on Duke Street in 2000. This new central library was named after former mayor of Alexandria, Charles E. \"Chuck\" Beatley, Jr. (1916-2003). Upon completion of the new main library site, library adminstration offices were moved from the Barrett Library (formerly the central library) to the Beatley Library.","In 2015 the Library took over management of the Alexandria Law Library, located in the basement of the Alexandria Circuit Court on King Street. The Alexandria Law Library provides legal resources for the benefit of the entire Alexandria community, including its citizens, government agencies, local businesses, the judiciary, and members of the bar.","For a more detailed timeline of the history of Alexandria Library, check out our website."],"otherfindaid_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|8c5ffb42-5524-4dc7-a8b4-a73f7efd331e/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|894c2868-34c0-45cb-bbd7-b6116cb9124d/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|da857c0c-296a-44f7-ab6a-7c2ef7f6321b/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|2775e1f7-a255-42c9-bb05-66ec592b14d8/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|f0eba518-9a04-4088-93a1-f0cd5291c627/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|9ab292a5-45ac-48a7-8149-b59f50daf32d/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|2988ea9f-6da2-4aab-9e64-25c5f5ccba22/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|a960a00f-aef4-4102-a090-28ef0e774a1f/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|5e07d27c-0667-496c-9fc9-a759401ea84b/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|2dd86645-aee7-4dc0-a448-8b1a366ca43d/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|a7289215-eaca-4f70-9db5-d618c4b4268c/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|aaecee73-770b-4dc0-a5fb-ad424505e3af/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|5b2baaaa-f268-433b-bcd8-f7b58ee756fa/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|8f393379-c7c0-4289-aa97-126c07454c2d/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|65ba51a6-9980-437c-a0a8-9b812c7bcc1e/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|3cb9e051-78a0-4171-b705-aa095bc9dc16/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|e3006d3f-5648-4960-bfb3-9cde4dbd0ef8/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|aa233c09-5939-412e-ac97-bde4def034fd/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|b99e3355-3be7-4288-a295-1b89032f8de2/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|42d1f5cf-e5b5-4129-abf6-30490e68519e/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|32b50591-64c3-4030-995c-1b642c546c40/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|59d54aa3-37dd-419e-897c-f610719602b7/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|b5be668b-4c36-4186-8982-c16a1e229d20/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|5508d012-7643-425b-9b49-31611b2325d6/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|d3219ad0-703a-41e9-8972-5bfbaed888fe/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|d2bc9b53-ce4d-4869-b028-4ef1fcb073d8/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|b85331ca-2989-4d5f-a470-b747374c2e26/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|54f81cf7-7e77-4afc-86f0-85ee02d37d9d/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|90873c83-9782-4565-bbf8-4ed37cdb2e30/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|8e9971ee-f82c-4f42-a701-f3c0fd9ed4d2/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|7d24ac36-712a-4d1b-a5c3-39689988ba89/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|3898e720-d3d6-4504-aa3c-6ced13f46f0a/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|c930dfaa-faf1-4aaf-802c-aa69bc9d0255/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|42ee1234-2a7a-4586-b695-537409ca618d/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|b1455d2e-d41b-4e0b-a840-cddafdb00d1f/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|939d736b-20ce-4597-91fd-b898bae33ee8/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|aa0f3389-f894-4fd8-8646-a6279a20e2e8/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|bd555e9e-6bd1-4deb-ae8e-29fac38fa0f3/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|24ecb5a1-ca62-43cd-82dc-58e78eb5b0a6/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|ec845170-dd5f-4d9d-a3eb-2f7f54f28c45/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|fd71f510-2900-4932-b5c8-773d356aa74d/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|46aa3cbc-c3ca-428b-a3eb-9f864ded1fbe/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|a1b1a124-cb67-4004-8a52-cabc0540ba50/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|156e31ad-c793-4d9f-95e2-593309eba75f/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|d5866300-0f94-4c3e-be37-bfafcd4df310/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|e7f934e4-04aa-4a51-9c3a-696a98984e7b/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|cd7d450f-3958-4cfa-a637-a8e9b5f9a32e/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|78bf04d9-2a23-43c7-9f14-b6a1b23cacad/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|73f914f5-6412-43c7-983d-dec481f0f04b/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|1a5f9bab-d6c2-4194-ba71-5b17d55f7a72/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|a9ddda38-eeb7-4fdc-946b-729494c91c2c/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|1a453d9f-7d9f-4a8b-8204-d513852f7af7/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|37d51356-2123-4ac7-bcf3-9428ed029bd3/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|e9d4ae49-f62c-4abe-b5ce-d23640fbc58c/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|37dc006e-c5f4-459a-bffb-17c61fc31ccf/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|684bd62b-8c67-4e5b-a1ba-c1e58e3f39d7/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|ac73a1cb-67b8-4866-9499-bc01d4094795/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|2a3c6321-c868-4e7e-8ac4-50406bc2364f/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|5c81d4b1-2478-4441-a007-6e226a86dc57/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|4f88a2f1-2c40-4dff-8ea4-7d619258ddf2/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|9eea9153-d572-49d3-89e6-5dde9c707fb3/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_8d26fcf8-3240-42a3-980a-5a9b5c36a799/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_5f5caa20-94ee-4a8c-aa92-4846b9d4bb06/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_2ccfcc8f-1750-4827-93e5-a48b087f848e/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_57f3ac3b-1b71-4822-b7ab-d385c0745fd6/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_3f9debd1-c9cd-4829-9c4d-faeff29054eb/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_2a03f7ca-b38c-4d5a-806a-44e43d2cd07f/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_3cd4c4fd-ac94-4ecd-8b1c-ebbf68947ebf/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_377eaa24-a27b-4ab8-b9d7-e646dd0acd04/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_e8c1dbe2-0cd7-4630-8fa7-7c0a3600b2ba/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_ad33be2f-988d-46dc-8af1-7570646ec86c/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_c807fe07-5c93-4f45-b127-f34f69792d14/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_1050a027-9948-4d50-a0b8-9ad8209ddf43/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_9de17d10-3ff9-4b7a-8ada-bcb8516bbf44/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_0ddb12b6-9660-4beb-8c3e-1cddf6dbc5d6/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_92648e88-c666-4240-ba23-b63f38c2f7f5/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_baeb425f-988d-4260-b03d-42f14f27ed35/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_3dd28149-ff59-4338-9377-3b57908d60be/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_306e35f6-f6e4-4dc8-881f-de7789226254/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_d923bbd1-f787-40e4-b734-fe774de9d671/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_16446faa-6fa3-438c-8d22-508fb5086ea4/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_a4d69cb1-8bfa-4dcf-9fe3-8aba298089ee/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_2de9865f-5bba-4df1-823e-09dc3854550b/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_81823870-b373-467a-bcbd-6da2615b67fa/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_757b7a02-74da-4f7d-b452-452b6a1b03d2/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_08c3f44c-3a27-41ef-84b3-8d1119221242/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_08826eda-2d9f-487b-bafe-033492030b15/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_cfb5087b-4b70-4dd6-9ce5-47eab9f8cbb4/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_e11f0483-c0ae-4bb1-8f7b-5ce0309bcd1a/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|1cb336fd-b790-463d-8428-0107d1fb51ed/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_a98401b5-cece-43b1-8b86-13ae83f2d5d2/\"\u003eClick to view digital image\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_7217f04a-471e-4390-947d-d79144bf6bf3/\"\u003eClick to view digital image\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_b4694a54-c2de-4ce3-a020-1a42ec6dea9c/\"\u003eClick to view digital image\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_36e0020f-b6e2-4a1e-b595-22b71499d4a3/\"\u003eClick to view digital image\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_6fc46310-c142-46af-b700-3c65782a67ad/\"\u003eClick to view digital image\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_3bce1e32-92ea-40ce-b685-781487e455bb/\"\u003eClick to view digital image\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_be6795b0-32eb-4cde-b3e0-f0a64366f38a/\"\u003eClick to view digital image\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_62d33928-cff8-4acc-a43b-ee03a0f65e9b/\"\u003eClick to view digital image\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_9c0e9d98-b00d-4205-866c-8bd43f29d524/\"\u003eClick to view digital image\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_63d1c489-23ca-4587-b414-46d48961c2f9/\"\u003eClick to view digital image\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_0216e8ce-4243-4cca-9aa6-9abcc56d58ee/\"\u003eClick to view digital image\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_517ff26e-273c-4573-b8aa-aa627c5b0ebc/\"\u003eClick to view digital image\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_29801f28-6292-4b61-872d-b43c8b6d06c9/\"\u003eClick to view digital image\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_c6c9bafe-52e9-433f-8661-0018a88bc75d/\"\u003eClick to view digital image\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_b66676d3-9a94-46c8-a6ea-15307467d6f8/\"\u003eClick to view digital image\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_9a91b309-7768-4318-96f1-3cfbcbebfd01/\"\u003eClick to view digital image\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_047cc9f1-21a6-4413-9fad-423b2a6b1287/\"\u003eClick to view digital image\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_9def87fa-923f-42aa-91d4-d523b217572c/\"\u003eClick to view digital image\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_b600ef6a-88a3-4b9c-bf74-544ff932504c/\"\u003eClick to view digital image\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_41f7a306-87ba-4f8d-8bcb-0b1e585beab4/\"\u003eClick to view digital image\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_df338f73-4e79-4e24-ab1a-a79f6a7173ab/\"\u003eClick to view digital image\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_e7ad605a-1b53-4cc0-8c0e-19e79b6eae27/\"\u003eClick to view digital image\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_d4b38950-b6fc-4069-a664-af4b1ce0f9d3/\"\u003eClick to view digital image\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_7df4a52c-ca65-42cb-8c2c-09b723adf9b1/\"\u003eClick to view digital image\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_0f521b29-f4d6-4302-8cd8-a1eac6f300e2/\"\u003eClick to view digital image\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_6c25b7fa-1db7-42c9-8948-7d3805eb7108/\"\u003eClick to view digital image\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_24877cf2-aa65-4b49-aaee-e15fe97595e6/\"\u003eClick to view digital image\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|3631fba4-c057-4cf9-bbaa-5dda3f2aba99/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_36a3db3c-3fdc-4d8f-8605-6b19ca02bbcb/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_489cc776-71f8-4e02-9e21-c1c0a4f3d7eb/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_e132f549-c44e-400d-802b-1e0b138dfd87/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_a3fc3610-a308-41bd-b18d-1d646c686c93/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_ecc756a-5465-41dc-aa80-9bbe20a4e035/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_412c87c9-163e-4d24-9357-34df2d5b2e13/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_86226d16-3485-4c02-9899-416b154faf4f/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_d71c63e2-497e-4148-895e-76585974cc7f/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_1e293ccb-6685-4d42-8754-46ad7af35cd5/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_98258815-7f00-4c3f-9d17-c541d81a5b0d/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_cec40410-d1be-4bb0-9bab-39f7f1862657/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_a69eac6f-09a7-4ee9-8824-29f6b50aaa7c/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_d2489d87-1587-457a-9a0f-c6f94c163579/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_0d92ea83-e458-4751-9063-9fb3bd142972/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_f99b2dd5-b7a3-4b07-a02c-f4841a44a8d0/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_8273f353-7452-4a28-87e0-ce616e9f2824/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_c3e2b27f-4697-4fc4-a5ab-bde61ba57cc5/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_bfbbea77-dbaa-4eef-9079-275157ebaf30/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_65863205-3ff9-4761-84af-7761f2975e01/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_1691260a-b4bd-4744-85e2-d1169db31b74/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_cfaf4395-77de-4b9b-b77b-05a456df6544/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|18e5b879-6f2c-4dc3-89e5-443adff9d573/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_82a998a6-8b94-42a9-8a79-1581409e01ca/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_c56c7e77-c8f4-4e70-97bc-7514347c11a8/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_7002486d-6012-4b1e-8b7b-cb949e624ef4/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_0aa7d5cd-e501-4cba-a140-9205abd05e15/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_15a41923-5fd3-454c-99bc-2c496ecd248d/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_4f02dfee-b8f7-4fde-abd1-6f3963571a2c/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_e165e654-085c-4d9b-bf5e-786ed83b6f30/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|bfbbbe62-d9d3-4cf4-8778-a75f1176ded1/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|469929aa-96de-404c-b28a-dad33a3fbf61/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|fd1b19e2-354f-4a0a-b8cb-b7972dfd577d/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|e4d695b7-bcb3-4de9-a6da-69868a468dc0/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|a27070eb-8bbd-40f6-a778-8a6a471dab0d/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|4b87dab3-2ee7-4afd-acd2-c600aa643096/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|95a9052a-3434-468e-a53e-310b85f4798c/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|7df764bf-7bf5-4d68-9f36-283a4bd781fe/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://archive-it.org/collections/20256\"\u003eClick to view web archives\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://wayback.archive-it.org/20256/*/https://alexlibraryva.org/\"\u003eClick to view web archives\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://wayback.archive-it.org/20256/*/https://www.facebook.com/AlexLibraryVA/\"\u003eClick to view web archives\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://wayback.archive-it.org/20256/*/https://instagram.com/alexlibraryva/\"\u003eClick to view web archives\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://wayback.archive-it.org/20256/*/https://twitter.com/alexlibraryva/\"\u003eClick to view web archives\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://wayback.archive-it.org/20256/*/https://www.youtube.com/@AlexandriaLibrary\"\u003eClick to view web archives\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://wayback.archive-it.org/20256/*/https://outofthestacks.com/\"\u003eClick to view web archives\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://wayback.archive-it.org/20256/*/https://www.mightycause.com/organization/Alexandria-Library-Foundation/\"\u003eClick to view web archives\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://wayback.archive-it.org/20256/*/https://beatleyfriends.org/\"\u003eClick to view web archives\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://wayback.archive-it.org/20256/*/https://www.friendsofduncanlibrary.org/\"\u003eClick to view web archives\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"otherfindaid_heading_ssm":["Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital 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view web archives","Click to view web archives","Click to view web archives","Click to view web archives","Click to view web archives","Click to view web archives","Click to view web archives"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Item description], Alexandria Library Records, MS098, Alexandria Library, Local History and Special Collections, Alexandria, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Item description], Alexandria Library Records, MS098, Alexandria Library, Local History and Special Collections, Alexandria, Virginia."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAlexandria Library Board Records\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibraryva.libraryhost.com/repositories/2/resources/128\"\u003eAlexandria Library Company Records (MS002)\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Alexandria Library Board Records\n Alexandria Library Company Records (MS002)"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains the records of the Alexandria Library, documenting the administration and operation of the Library, dating from the founding of the public library in 1937 through the present. Included are administrative records, annual reports, financial records, circulation records, materials documenting the history of the Library, programming and outreach records, and records of the individual branches of the library system. Formats include textual documents, photographs, and ephemera.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Alexandria Library is an active organization, and so this collection is a living collection which will be periodically added to and updated. Check this collection guide for any future updates to the collection. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series contains materials documenting the Alexandria Library, from its founding as a public library in 1937 through the early 2000s. The majority of documents in this series pertain to the decades between 1950 and 2000. These records document the administration and operations of the Library and its individual branches, as well as materials documenting the history of the Alexandria Library. Documents include annual reports, financial records, correspondence, project files, and other administrative documentation. Also included in this series are ephemera and realia, photographs and other graphic materials, and some oversized materials.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis sub-series contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, as well as its individual branches. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1938 through 1942. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1943 through 1946. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1947 through 1948. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1949 through 1950. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1951 through 1953. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1954 through 1956. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1957 through 1959. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1960 through 1961. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1964. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis sub-series contains administrative and financial records of the Alexandria Library. Documents include correspondence, budgets and other financial records, affirmative action records, bylaws and agreements, official city proclamations, gift records, and other administrative materials.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to administrative and financial dealings of the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1937 through the 1950s. Documents include final copies of bylaws, charters, and agreements as well as draft documents, reference materials, and related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to administrative and financial dealings of the Alexandria Library system, dating from the 1950s through the 1992. Documents include final copies of bylaws, charters, and agreements as well as draft documents, reference materials, and related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to the Affirmative Action plan put in place for the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1975.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to the Affirmative Action policy used to create an Affirmative Action plan for the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1976.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to the Affirmative Action plans for the City of Alexandria, dating from 1976 and 1980. Documents include final Affirmative Action plans from both 1976 and 1980.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to the Affirmative Action plans for the Alexandria Public Library, dating from 1978 through 1982. Documents include reference material used to create the Affirmative Action plans including OSHA Recordkeeping guidelines and guidelines from the Department of Equal Employment Opportunity for the City of Alexandria. Other documents include Alexandria Public Library's Affirmative Action goals, and related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to the Affirmative Action reports for the Alexandria Public Library system, dating from 1974 through 1976. Documents include final Affirmative Action and Equal Employment Opportunity reports, and related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to the Affirmative Action reports for the Alexandria Public Library system, dating from 1977 through 1980. Documents include final Affirmative Action and Equal Employment Opportunity reports, sample forms, reference materials, and related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to the Affirmative Action reports for the Alexandria Public Library system, dating from 1981 through 1987. Documents include final Affirmative Action and Equal Employment Opportunity reports, sample forms, membership reports, reference materials, and related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to the Budget for the Alexandria Public Library system, dated from 1938 through 1944. Documents include draft material, proposed yearly budgets, final budget reports, press related to the budget, and related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to the Budget for the Alexandria Public Library system, dated from 1945 through 1948. Documents include draft material, proposed yearly budgets, final budget reports, press related to the budget, and related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to the Budget for the Alexandria Public Library system, dated from 1949 through 1951. Documents include proposed yearly budgets, final budget reports, and related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to the Budget for the Alexandria Public Library system, dated from 1951 through 1953. Documents include draft material, proposed yearly budgets, final budget reports, and related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to the Budget for the Alexandria Public Library system, dated from 1953 through 1955. Documents include draft material, proposed yearly budgets, final budget reports, and related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to the Budget for the Alexandria Public Library system, dated from 1955 through 1959. Documents include draft material, proposed yearly budgets, final budget reports, and related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to the Budget for the Alexandria Public Library system, dated from 1955 through 1959. Documents include , proposed yearly budgets, final budget reports, reference materials, and related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to the budget for the City of Alexandria's City Planning and Capital Improvement programs in regard to the Alexandria Public Library system, dated from 1950 through 1961. Documents include final budget reports, proposed budgets, proposed building projects, draft material, reference material, and related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to Rules, Regulations, and Review articles for the Alexandria Public Library system, dated from 1937 through 1955. Documents include inquiries regarding librarian salaries of other Virginia public libraries, proposed rules and regulations for Alexandria Public Library, final rules and regulations for Alexandria Public Library, meeting minutes, library directories, press regarding the library, and related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains a 2014 copy of the introduced House Joint Resolution No. 418 which details the historical significance of the 1939 Alexandria Library Sit-in to the House of Delegates, Mayor of Alexandria, and General Assembly and proposes that this information be conveyed at an upcoming ceremony.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to correspondence to and from Alexandria Library, dated from 1937 through 1951. Documents included correspondence, press regarding Alexandria Public Library, proposals for the planning and construction of the Robert Robinson Library, and other related notes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to correspondence to and from Alexandria Library, dated from 1952 through 1961. Documents include written correspondence, meeting and presentation notes, book acquisitions and acquisition proposals, and other related notes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to the professional and nonprofessional duties within public libraries set forth by the American Library Association, dated from 1948. Documents include the preliminary draft of the Descriptive List of Professional and Nonprofessional Duties in Libraries handbook.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to position descriptions and pay plans for Virginia public libraries, dated from 1950. Documents include a guidebook detailing all positions available with Virginia public libraries, their position descriptions, and recommended qualifications.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to \"Position Classification and Salary Administration in Libraries\", dated from 1951. Documents include a handbook titled \"Position Classification and Salary Administration in Libraries\", written by the American Library Association, detailing guides and standards for library administrative staff to utilize when creating administrative plans.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to information and guidelines for new City of Alexandria employees, dated from 1950 to 1986. Documents include guidebooks detailing fundamental information regarding being employed by the City of Alexandria, code of ethics, and guidelines for managers to effectively communicate employee evaluations.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis sub-series contains records documenting circulation statistics of the Library.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to circulation statistics for the Alexandria Library system, dated from 1937 through 1940. Documents include overall number of books circulated during a given year and ledgers detailing the number and genre of Adult books circulated each day of the year that the library was open to the public.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to circulation statistics for the Alexandria Library system, dated from 1937 through 1940. Documents include ledgers detailing the number and genre of Children's books circulated each day of the year that the library was open to the public.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to circulation statistics for the Alexandria Library system, dated from 1941 through 1942. Documents include ledgers detailing the number and genre of Adult and Children's books circulated each day of the year that the library was open to the public.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to circulation statistics for the Alexandria Library system, dated from 1943 through 1944. Documents include ledgers detailing the number and genre of Adult and Children's books circulated each day of the year that the library was open to the public.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to circulation statistics for the Alexandria Library system, dated from 1944 through 1949. Documents include ledgers detailing the number and genre of Adult and Children's books circulated each day of the year that the library was open to the public.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to circulation statistics for the Alexandria Library system, dated from 1949 through 1953. Documents include ledgers detailing the number and genre of Adult and Children's books circulated each day of the year that the library was open to the public.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to circulation statistics for the Alexandria Library system, dated from 1949. Documents include ledgers detailing the number and genre of Adult and Children's books circulated each day of the year that the library was open to the public.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to circulation statistics for the Alexandria Library system, dated from 1944 through 1946. Documents include ledgers detailing the number and genre of Adult and Children's books circulated each day of the year that the library was open to the public.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis sub-series contains materials of mixed formats documenting the history of the Library and its programming and outreach work. Documents include scrapbooks, posters, news clippings, correspondence, administrative documents, event programs, and photographs.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains materials pertaining to Alexandria Library history, dating from 1957-1961. Documents include newspaper clippings from various local newspapers, event photos, correspondence, and other related notes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to the history of Alexandria Library, dated from c. 1960. Documents include notes, correspondence, and copies of newspaper articles relating to the library.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to the history of Alexandria Library. Documents include copies of events schedules, event programs, summaries of the library's history, copies of newspaper articles relating to the library, and other related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to the history of Alexandria Library, dated from 1937 through 1947. Documents include newspaper clippings that detail library history, press, and publicity.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to the history of Alexandria Library, dated from 1955 through 1973. Documents include newspaper clippings that detail library history, press, and publicity.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to the history of Alexandria Library, dated from 1936 through 1954. Documents include summaries of the library's history, copies of newspaper articles relating to the library, and other related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to the history of Alexandria Library, dated from 1945 through 1985. Documents include copies of newspaper articles relating to the library, and other related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to publicity correspondence for Alexandria Library, dated from c. 1954-1986. Documents include correspondence relating to proposed exhibits, cosmetic changes to library branches, research inquiries, proof of membership, thank-you messages, plans for library news releases, and other related notes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to press releases for Alexandria Library, dated from 1947-1986. Documents include drafts of news releases, draft 5-year plan documents, descriptions of upcoming library programs, mock-ups for news articles relating to the library, and other related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to events related to Alexandria Library, dated from 1954 through 1992. Documents include programs from library events and other notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains biographical research materials about James M. Duncan, Jr. (the namesake of the Duncan Branch) which were collected by branch managers of Duncan Branch. Materials include notes, newsclippings, and photocopies of newsclippings.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains photographs of the 1995 ribbon cutting ceremony celebrating the re-opening of the Kate Waller Barrett Branch after renovations.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Eight people, presumed to be library officials, stand on the main floor of the Barrett Branch in front of a seated audience, in the midst of a ribbon cutting ceremony. The smiling officials cutting the red ribbon, who include six men and two women, are dressed professionally and each holds their own pair of scissors. Behind them are shelves of library books and a set of stairs that lead up to the second floor of the library. The seated audience of men and women watches as the ceremony proceeds. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #402\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Eight people, presumed to be library officials, stand on the main floor of the Barrett Branch in front of a seated audience, in the midst of a ribbon cutting ceremony. The officials, who include six men and two women, have not yet cut the red ribbon and are dressed professionally. Each of the eight officials holds their own pair of scissors. Behind them are shelves of library books and a set of stairs that up to the second floor of the library. The seated audience of men and women watches as the ceremony proceeds. The photograph is dated September 10th, 1995. Photo previously labeled #403\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. This candid photo of men and women milling around the first floor of the Barrett Branch was taken, presumably, after the conclusion of the ceremony. Some of the people pictured are in conversation with one another, while others are taking in their surroundings. In the foreground is a podium framed on either side by yellow flowers and an American flag. In the background are library books shelves and a set of stairs that lead up to the second floor of the library. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #404\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. This candid photo was taken amidst a crowd of people attending the ceremony on the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library. The men and women of various ages stand milling around the space. Some are in conversation with one another while others look in many directions, taking in their surroundings. Visible in the background is the entrance to the library that consists of floor to ceiling windows allowing natural daylight to stream in. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #405\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. The photo is of several people standing around on the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library. The three men and one woman in the foreground are in conversation with each other but only the two men on the right have realized the group is being photographed. The two men on the right are looking at the camera and smiling, while the women is still speaking and the third man is looking to his right with his back to the photographer. In the background are other people, some in conversation and some not, as well as empty chairs set up against filled bookshelves. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #406\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. A large audience of men and women have filled the main floor of the Barrett Branch, presumably watching as the ceremony unfolds. Some of the people are sitting in the middle of the space while the rest of the crowd have filled the available standing room, even standing in the sunlight filled entrance vestibule, at the back of the room, to catch a glimpse through the floor to ceiling windows. Regardless of placement, almost all the audience members have their attentions set on the events happening behind the camera, just out of frame. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #407\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Two women stand posing for a picture, on the main floor of the Barrett Branch, presumably after the conclusion of the ceremony. With their arms around each other, the woman on the left looks directly at the camera while the women on the right smiles at something out of frame on the left. In the background are more people, men and women, milling around the large indoor space. Some are in conversation with one another and others are simply moving about the space. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #409\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. The photo is of two smiling men and a young child posing for a picture together. On the left, the young child stands holding the hand of the man in the middle who has brown hair and mustache, is wearing glasses and is dressed in a dark-colored suit with a white shirt and red patterned tie. The man on the right, who stands with his hand on the shoulder of the man in the middle, has white hair and is wearing glasses and a dark-colored suit with a white shirt and blue tie. All three stand under a half visible, gold-framed, painted portrait of Kate Waller Barrett that is hanging on the wall behind them. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #410\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Three men and two children stand posing for a picture together. The three men are all wearing dark-colored suits with light-colored shirts and ties. The two children, one boy and one girl, stand in front of the men in the middle and on the right. The boy wears a light-colored button-down shirt and striped dress pants while the girl wears a striped, long-sleeve dress with black tights and black shoes with pink shoelaces. All five smile at the camera as they pose under a gold-framed, painted portrait of Kate Waller Barrett. The woman in the portrait has her white hair tied back in a bun and sits, posed in profile, and is wearing dark-colored clothes, with floral accents. A gold cross pendant hangs from her neck and a brooch is pinned to her chest. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #411\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. A woman stands posing for a picture with the portrait of Kate Waller Barrett hanging near the entrance of the Barrett Branch Library. The woman, dressed in a red blazer and skirt, smiles as she looks to left at something just out of frame. She stands below the gold-framed, painted portrait of Kate Waller Barrett. In the portrait, Kate Waller Barrett has her white hair tied back into a bun and sits, posed in profile, wearing dark-colored clothes, with floral accents. A gold cross pendant hangs from her neck and a brooch is pinned to her chest. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #412\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Three men and two children stand posing for a picture together under the portrait of Kate Waller Barrett that hangs near the entrance of the Barrett Branch Library. The man on the left has white hair and is wearing glasses, a dark-colored suit, a light-colored shirt and blue tie. He has his hand on the shoulder of the little girl to the right of him who wears a striped long-sleeve dress with black tights and black shoes with pink laces. The little girl holds the hand of the man in the middle who wears a dark-colored suit with a light-colored shirt and dark patterned tie. Next to him, on the right, stands the little boy who wears a light-colored button-down shirt and striped dress pants. The little boy holds the hand of the last man on the right who has brown hair and mustache, glasses, and wears a dark-colored suit with a light-colored shirt and red patterned tie. All five stand beneath the gold-framed, painted portrait of Kate Waller Barrett who has her white hair tied back into a bun. She sits, posed in profile, and is wearing dark-colored clothes, with floral accents, with a gold cross pendant hanging from her neck and a brooch pinned to her chest. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #413\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. The candid photograph is of four men standing in front of the portrait of Kate Waller Barrett that hangs near the entrance to the library. The two men on the left are greeting each other and the two men on the right are standing separately both looking in opposite directions towards things just out of frame. All the men are dressed in suits and ties and three out of four are wearing glasses. The leftmost man is holding multiple pairs of scissors and the second man from the right is holding an event program. Behind them, hanging on the wall is the gold-framed, painted portrait of Kate Waller Barrett who has white hair tied back into a bun and sits, posed in profile, wearing dark-colored clothes, with floral accents, with a gold cross pendant hanging from her neck and a brooch pinned to her chest. Also in the background, off to the left, is a child, seemingly in motion, appearing blurry in the photograph. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #414\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. The candid photograph is of a group of men and women standing around a table of computers on the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library. On the round table there are four white computers, each with their own keyboard and mouse. Two of the computers are in use, one by a man in dark dress pants and white shirt and the other by two people, a woman and young man, working together. In the background are other people milling about as well as library bookshelves and a set of stairs leading to the second floor of the library. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #415\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. The candid photograph is of two groups of men and women, some sitting and some standing, inside of the library presumably before the ceremony begins. To left is a group of seated people, partially blocked from view by a desk, and to the right is a group of men standing together in conversation. Between the two groups sits a small stage with an American flag, bordered at the front by small pots of yellow flowers. In the background are rows of both tall and short bookshelves in front of a glass-front room. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #416\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of two women and one man standing in conversation with one another. The two women are both in light-colored dresses and the woman on the right faces away from the camera and carries a purse. The man wears glasses and is dressed in a light-colored suit with a white dress shirt and patterned tie. The woman on the left looks across to the woman on the right as she and the man in the middle are looking at each other. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #417\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of men and women milling about inside the Barrett Branch. The people in the foreground seem to be in conversation with each other while others are having separate conversations in the background. The photo is being taken from behind a bookshelf decorated with a potted plant whose leaves have just started to come in to frame on the right side of the photo. Behind the people are more bookshelves, decorated with flowers, and a glass-front room. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #418\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photo of four men, one woman, and two children. Every person pictured is looking in a different direction, some seeming to be moving towards different parts of the room and appearing blurry in the photo. All of the men are dressed in suits, the woman wears a pink buttoned jacket, the little boy wears a light-color button-down, and the little girl wears a striped long-sleeve dress. Behind them on the wall hangs a gold-framed, painted portrait of Kate Waller Barrett who has white hair tied back into a bun and sits, posed in profile, wearing dark-colored clothes, with floral accents. A gold cross pendant is hanging from her neck and a brooch is pinned to her chest. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #419\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. The photo is of the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library. In the library stands many men, women, and children milling about the space. Some are in conversation with one another, while others take in their surroundings or speak to people sitting behind the circulation desk to the left of the photo. To the right of the photo is the beginning of a staircase that leads to the second floor of the library. Visible from the balcony, the second floor is filled with bookshelves. In the background, on the lower level, stands a small stage and podium framed by small pots of yellow flowers and an American flag as well as a glass-front room whose windows are letting in bright daylight. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #420\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. The photo is of the main floor of the Barrett Branch and there are men and women milling around in the space, some in conversation with one another and others taking in their surroundings. On the right side of the picture, some of the people stand in front of the circulation desk, decorated with pots of yellow and orange flowers. On the left side of the picture are some glass display cases displaying open books. In the background are the floor to ceiling windows of the entrance vestibule that are providing bright, natural light to the room. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #421\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Pictured is a large audience of men and women on the main floor of the Barrett Branch. Some of the people are sitting in the middle of the room while the rest of the crowd have begun filling in the available standing room, even standing in the sunlight filled entrance vestibule, at the back of the crowd, to catch a glimpse through the floor to ceiling windows. Regardless of placement, almost all the audience members have their attentions set on the events happening behind the camera, just out of frame. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #422\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a group of men and women, of differing ages, standing around a table of computers. At the round table, there are two people with their backs to the camera sharing the same computer, to their right is one woman at the next computer, and the next computer has a group of four sharing the same computer. In the foreground is a shelf that has been decorated with a pot of flowers, that have taken up the left side of the picture. In the background, behind the group of people at the computers is glass-front room and a few people within. Inside the room are bookshelves on the left wall and tables and chairs filling the middle. The windows on the back wall have had their blinds drawn to shade the interior from the bright daylight shining through. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #423\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of some people, both men and women, looking at the available materials on the bookshelves around them on the second floor of the Barrett Branch Library. Some of the men and women are browsing the shelves while others have begun reading their chosen materials. In the foreground are shorter bookshelves, with one man crouching to get a better look at the offerings on the bottom shelf. In the background are taller bookshelves, that almost reach from floor to ceiling. Behind the taller bookshelves are some tables and chairs that have been backlit by the daylight coming through the windows on the back wall. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #424\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a seated audience facing a group of people who seem like library officials seated at the front of the room. The seated audience is facing away from the camera and the group of men and women at the front of the room are applauding in welcome to the man who is standing at the front of the room. He has brown hair and mustache, is wearing glasses and a grey suit with dark tie. Off to the right of the photo is a staircase that leads to the second floor whose balcony sits above the group of clapping men and women. Behind them stands bookshelves, completely filled, that almost reach from floor to ceiling. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #425\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a woman speaking to an audience from an elevated podium. The woman, dressed in a red blazer and white shirt, is looking through her glasses out over the audience. Behind her is both short and tall bookshelves, as well as a wall of glass, and to the left stands an American flag. The woman at the podium stands below the second-floor balcony of the Barrett Branch where three musicians sit with music stands in front of them and bookshelves at their back. In the foreground, somewhat blocking the view of the seated audience, is the circulation desk topped with stacks of paper. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #426\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a seated audience, extending out of frame, who have their attention on a man speaking from an elevated podium. The man at podium, dressed in a dark-colored suit with a white shirt and red tie, is looking down at the podium through his glasses. Behind the podium are rows of book shelves, both short and tall with some decorated with flowers, as well as a glass-front room. The man at the podium stands beneath the second-floor balcony of the Barrett Branch Library. Visible through the balcony's railing are filled bookshelves. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #427\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a man speaking from behind a podium. The man is standing, dressed in a dark-colored suit with a white shirt and dark patterned tie, looking down at the podium through his dark tinted glasses. Behind him are rows of book shelves, both short and tall with some decorated with flowers, as well as a glass-front room. The podium stands below the second-floor balcony of the Barrett Branch Library where three chairs and two music stands are set up. The right most chair is occupied by a person in white shirt and dark pants. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #428\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a woman speaking from an elevated podium. The woman, dressed in a blue dress and matching blue jacket, looks out to an audience just out of frame and she is observed by a small panel of professionally dressed men and women, presumed to be other library officials, on the right side of the picture. The picture is being taken from behind the circulation desk, complete with computer, receipt printer, and landline phone. A pot of yellow, orange and red flowers sits atop the desk, partially blocking an American flag from view. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #429\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a woman speaking from an elevated podium in front of an audience of people that extends out of frame. The woman, dressed in a pink blazer over a dark patterned dress with a string of pearls around her neck, is looking down at the podium while the audience listens. Behind her are rows of book shelves, both short and tall with some decorated with flowers, as well as a glass-front room. The speaker and podium stand beneath an the second-floor balcony of the Barrett Branch Library, where three chairs, music stands, and musicians are seated and viewable through the balcony's railing. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #430\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains photographs of the 1995 ribbon cutting ceremony celebrating the re-opening of the Kate Waller Barrett Branch after renovations.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a man speaking to an audience, extending out of frame, from an elevated podium. The man, dressed in a dark-colored suit with white shirt and dark patterned tie, is looking down at the podium while holding up a closed book in his right hand and paper in his left hand. Behind him are rows of short and tall bookshelves, some decorated with flowers, in front of a glass-front room. Above the podium sits the second-floor balcony of the Barrett Branch Library. Through the railing, three chairs, music stands, and musicians can be seen in front of filled bookshelves. In the foreground, on the left side of the picture, is the circulation desk topped with stacks of papers. The photo is dated from 1995. Photo previously labeled #431\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a woman speaking from an elevated podium to audience, which extends out of frame. The woman is dressed in a matching blue jacket and dress, and looks out over the audience at something not visible as the audience turns to follow her gaze. To her left and right are men in dark-colored suits and ties that also follow her line-of-sight. Behind her are bookshelves, both tall and short, and a glass-front room. Above the podium is the second-floor balcony and through the railing, three chairs, music stands, and musicians can be seen in front of filled bookshelves. In the foreground, blocking some of the audience from view, is the circulation desk with a computer and piles of paper. The photo is dated from 1995. Photo previously labeled #432\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. This slightly out of focus, color candid photograph is of a woman speaking from an elevated podium to an audience that is seated just out of frame. The woman, dressed in a pink jacket over a dark, patterned dress, is bordered by a group of seated men and women, presumed to be other library officials, on the right and an American flag on the left. Above the woman at the podium is the second-floor balcony and behind her are tall bookshelves and a glass front room. The photo is being taken from behind the circulation desk which has a computer and a pot of yellow, red and orange flowers. The photo is dated from 1995. Photo previously labeled #433\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a group of men and women in conversation with each other amidst the ribbon cutting ceremony. The group consists of four men and two women, presumed to be library officials, who trade smiles and handshakes in front of a clapping audience. Some of the members of the group are still holding scissors and the pieces of red ribbon that were cut as part of the ceremony. Behind them are bookshelves that extend backward into the space. The photo is dated from 1995. Photo previously labeled #434\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a group of men and women amidst the ribbon cutting ceremony. The group consists of three men and two women, some still holding scissors and pieces of the red ribbon cut during the ceremony. The smiling woman in the middle has offered a handshake to the man to the left of her as the audience applauds them. Behind the ribbon cutters are tall and short bookshelves that extend backwards into the space. The photo is dated from 1995. Photo previously labeled #435\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photo of a group of three men and one woman, presumed to be library officials, are trading smiles and the woman offers a handshake to the man on the far left. The woman has grey hair and wears a matching blue jacket and dress. The men are dressed professionally in suits and ties. They stand in front of a small stage and podium, lined with small pots of yellow flowers and decorated by an American flag. Behind them are bookshelves, both tall and short, that extend backwards toward a glass-front room. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #436\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. This candid photograph depicts several people standing behind the main circulation desk on the first floor of the Barrett Branch. In the foreground of the photo is a woman wearing a magenta dress and holding two books. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #408\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor portrait of an outdoor sign from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library after renovations were completed in 1995. On a bright, sunny day at the corner of a red-brick building sits a white sign that reads \"The 200 Block of North Columbus St. Welcomes the New Library\" and just below that it reads \"Thank You\". Propped up on a wooden easel, the sign is decorated by a single gold, metallic balloon that is moving with the wind. Behind the sign to the right are row houses and a parked car. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #441\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, a group of presumed library officials sit next to a stage and listen to the woman speaking from the podium. The woman has white hair and is dressed in a matching blue jacket and dress turns her head to welcome another woman who making her way to an empty chair among the group of officials. The woman being welcomed has tied back, brown hair and glasses and is wearing a colorful dress and black, t-strap shoes. Some of the men and women in the group of officials clap while others offer warm smiles to the approaching woman. Behind them is a small circulation desk and filled bookshelves. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #442\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor portrait photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, a group of presumed library staff stand behind the circulation desk and smile at the camera. Four women are directly behind the desk and five more seem to be coming out of the room just behind the desk. Some of the other women have realized their picture is being taken and look at the camera, while others have not and continue their conversations with one another. One man stands in front of the desk and has turned to face the camera while a final woman seems to being walking past him. Folding chairs are set up and extend out of frame and because each still has a paper program on it, it is likely the event has not yet started. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #443\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, two group of presumed library officials both sit and stand next to a small stage. Though not all the chairs are filled, the seated group includes three women and four men, all dressed professionally, who seem to be waiting for the event to start. The standing group, consisting of three men and two women, are all in conversation with one another. The woman in the middle with white hair, blue dress and light-colored purse is speaking and the remainder of the standing group leans in to listen. Behind them is the stage, decorated with an American flag, and both tall and short bookshelves that extend out of frame. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #444\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera aims at the circulation desk and the people that stand around it. Presumed to be library staff, four women stand together and all but one is smiling up at the camera. Other people, presumed to be library staff and officials, stand around the desk. Some are in conversation and others are looking in different directions around the room. In front of the circulation desk, extending out of frame, are rows of folding chairs each with a paper program on the seats. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #445\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Set up on the second-floor balcony of the Barrett Branch, are three female musicians in the midst of performing. All three are wearing white dress shirts and black bottoms and each sit in her own wooden chair across from sheet music on a music stand and plays from a flute. Behind them are a man and a woman in conversation leaning over the balcony railing to get a better view of what is going on the floor below. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #446\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, pictured is a man in a dark suit and tie speaking from a podium on a small elevated stage, which he shares with an American flag. Bordering the front of the stage are small pots of yellow flowers. To the left and right of the stage sit two groups of men and women, presumably library officials who have their attention on the man speaking. Behind them are rows of both tall and short bookshelves that extend back into the room and out of frame. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #447\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Men and women of varying ages stand milling around the main floor of the Barrett Branch library seeming after the conclusion of the ceremony. In the foreground, one man sits at a table with his hands on a computer keyboard and converses with the two women who are speaking to him. The woman on the left has short brown hair and wears a blue jacket and the woman on the right has short greying hair and wears a white shirt, denim bottoms, and carries a small purse. In the background is a larger group pf men and women, gathered around a table of computers. Behind are bookshelves that extend to the other side of the room where more people sit at tables in conversation. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #448\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Outside the front entrance of the Barrett Branch Library, in the shade of a tree, is a group of men and women who seem to be waiting for the library to open and for the ceremony to begin. On the front doors, illuminated by the sun, two signs read \"Re-opening\" and \"Sept. 10, 2PM\". Some of the group are sitting on the red brick retaining wall outside of the library while other stand in conversation closer to the entrance. The building is red brick, with white columns and white doors. A large, half-moon shaped windows sits atop the doors allowing natural light to fill the entrance vestibule within. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #449\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. The photo is aimed at the circulation desk where some people have begun to converse with the library staff behind the desk. In front of the desk, the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library has been filled with folding chairs where a few people have begun to sit. There are folded programs on each of the folding chairs, suggesting that the ceremony has not yet begun. On the right side of the picture are bookshelves that fill the space at the back of the main floor as well as the second floor, which is visible through the balcony railing. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #450\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the picture is focused on the group of men and women standing against the wall behind the circulation desk. There are nine women and two men visible, dressed professionally, and most of them seem to have their attention on something happening just out of frame on the right. In front of the desk on the left is the beginnings of a seated audience and starting from the circulation desk extending out of frame across the front of the audience stretches the red ribbon that has yet to be cut. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #451\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. A group of two men, one woman, and one young man are standing in conversation with each other next to a round table that currently holds computers, of which only the keyboards and mice are visible. The young man has dark hair and wears a blue collared shirt and the woman he is next to has short brown hair and wears a blue patterned dress and carries a white purse. The two men are both dressed in dark suits with light dress shirts. The man with glasses wears a dark tie. Behind them are some table and chairs separating the group from the tall book shelves that extend out passed both sides of frame. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #452\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, two men are pictured in conversation with each other while standing behind a podium on a small elevated stage. The men both wear suits with light-colored shirts, and the viewer is clearly able to see that the man on the left is wearing glasses and a tie. The man on the right has his back to the camera because his attention is on the other man who seems to be explaining something while pointing to something just out of sight on the left. In front of the stage are small pots of yellow flowers and beside the stage are rows of wooden chairs that have yet to be filled. Each chair has a folded program that seems to suggest the ceremony has yet to begin. Behind the men and the stage are bookshelves, both tall and short, that are filled with material. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #453\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Pointed toward the interior entrance of the Barrett Branch, taken from the opposite end of the main floor, men and women are milling about the space presumably after the conclusion of the ribbon cutting. In the foreground are men and women using the available computers and in front of them is a large gathering of people milling around the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library. Some seem to be in conversation with one another, while other seem to simply be moving around the space. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #454\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at where the ceremony will be held. A large seated audience of men and women is forming behind a red ribbon that has been stretched from the circulation desk to the staircase's railing on the opposite side of the room. The men and women standing behind the circulation desk are, presumably, library staff and the few men and women that stand on the other side of the red ribbon from the audience are the library officials that will be speaking during the ceremony. The library officials seem to be looking at someone just out of frame and two of them are waving to try and get their attention. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #455\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at the main floor of the Barrett Branch where folding chairs have been set up in the middle of the room for an audience that has begun filing in. Men and women of varying ages and dress are coming in through the bright, naturally lit entrance vestibule, stopping at the circulation desk, before finding an empty seat. The men and women behind the circulation desk are, presumably, library staff who are either in conversation with one another or watching the people who are filing into the library. Just in front of the audience, stretching from the circulation desk to the railing of the staircase at the opposite of the room, is a red ribbon that is being handled by a woman in a dark top and patterned skirt. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #456\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points at a small group of men and women who are seated in wooden chairs to the left of a small stage with a podium. Seated in two rows, the group consists of four women and three men, and are presumed to be library officials. They are all in professional dress, either in suits and ties or dresses and blazers, and the front row seems to be conversation with each other. Just behind them, extending backward into the space, are filled bookshelves. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #457\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a man speaking from a podium on a small elevated stage. The man, wearing glasses and dressed in a grey-colored suit with a white shirt and dark-colored tie, holds a book in one hand and paper in the other as he looks out at the audience in front of him. The men and women seated next to the stage, who are presumed to be library officials, have their attention on the speaker. The stage is bordered in the front by small pots of yellow flowers and framed in the back by bookshelves that extend backward into the space. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #458\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a small elevated stage and podium and the men and women that surround it. The men and women, presumed to be library officials, stand with their hands over their hearts as they face the American flag that sits on the stage. All professionally dressed, only one man and one woman stand on the stage while the others stand to either side as they seem to recite the Pledge of Allegiance. Behind the stage are rows of bookshelves that extend backwards and out of frame. Above the stage is the second-floor balcony of the Barrett Branch. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #459\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a small elevated stage and podium and the men and women that surround it. On the stage stands a brown-haired woman, wearing a floral-patterned dress and pink blazer, speaking from a podium to the audience that sits in front of her just out of view. On either side of the stage sits other men and women, presumed to be library officials, who have their attention on the woman at the podium. Framing the front of the stage are small pots of yellow flowers and behind the stage, extending backwards out of frame, are bookshelves. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #460\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains photographs of the 1995 ribbon cutting ceremony celebrating the re-opening of the Kate Waller Barrett Branch after renovations.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a small elevated stage and podium and the people that surround it. Although the picture is out of focusing, appearing blurry, a woman with red hair and glasses, wearing a red blazer and skirt, can be seen speaking from the podium. With their attention on the speaker at the podium, the men and women that sit next to the stage are presumed to be library officials. The stage, framed at the front by small pots of yellow flowers, backs up to rows of short bookshelves that extend backward out of frame. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #461\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a small elevated stage and podium and the people that surround it. On the stage, standing at the podium, is a man with glasses wearing a dark-colored suit and tie with a red pocket square. He looks down at the paper on the podium as he speaks to the audience in front of him, sitting just out of view. The men and women sitting next to the stage, presumed to be library officials, are dressed professionally as some turn their attention toward the speaker. The front of the stage is framed by small pots of yellow flowers and rows of short bookshelves sit at the back of the stage. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #462\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down on the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library where the audience sits as the ribbon ceremony goes on. On the left side of the picture, many men and women sit in folding chairs as they listen to the man speaking from the small elevated stage and podium in front of them. Stretching from the circulation desk, across the room, to the railing of the staircase is a red ribbon that separates the audience from the men and women on and around the stage. There are also men and women that stand behind the circulation desk, presumed to be library staff, that have their attention on the man at the podium, who is dressed in a dark-colored suit with a light-colored shirt. On either side of the stage, separated from the general audience, sit other men and women who are presumed to be library officials. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #463\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down on the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library where the audience sits as the ribbon ceremony goes on. On the right side of the picture sits a large audience of men and women that extends backwards out if frame. They are separated from the small stage and podium by a red ribbon that stretches from the circulation desk, across the room, to the railing of the staircase that leads to the second floor. Behind the circulation desk stands a few men and women, who are presumed to be library staff, who have their attention on the man that speaks from the podium. The speaker, dressed in a dark-colored suit and tie, looks down at the paper on the podium as he addresses the audience in front of him. The people sitting to left and right of the stage, who are separate from the general audience, are presumed to be library officials who are part of the ceremony proceedings. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #464\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a man standing in behind a podium on a small elevated stage. The man, dressed in a grey-colored suit and glasses, seems to have his head tilted down in pause to accept the applause he is receiving from the people around him. Next to the stage sits a group of men and women who are presumed to be library officials. One man and one woman can be seen clapping for the man on the stage. The front of the stage is framed by small pots of yellow flowers and the back of the stage is bordered by short bookshelves that extend backward out of view. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #465\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a woman standing behind a podium on a small elevate stage. The woman has grey hair, dressed in a matching blue dress and blazer, and looks out at the audience seated in front of her, just out of view. There is a group of men and women seated in three rows next to the stage, presumed to be library officials, who look and listen to the woman speaking from the podium. Behind the stage and the group of library officials are some tall and short bookshelves that extend backward into the space and out of frame. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #466\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library where men and women are milling around presumably after the ribbon has been cut officially opening the library. The men and women, of all ages and in varying dress, are either in conversation with one another or are on the move to a different part of the space. Some are making their way up the stairs and past whomever is taking the picture while others are moving towards the rows of bookshelves that extend backward out of frame. Barely visible amongst the people is a small stage and podium where library officials had spoken during the ceremony. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #467\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a small stage and the men and women that surround it. On the stage, standing behind a podium, is grey-haired woman in a matching blue dress and blazer who speaks to the audience seated in front of her, just out of view. On either side of the stage where the woman in blue is speaking from, sits two groups of men and women, presumed to be library officials, who have attention on the woman in blue. The front of the stage is framed with small pots of yellow flowers and the back is bordered by short bookshelves that extend backward into the space. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #468\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at the main floor of the Barret Branch where people have begun to move about the space, presumably, at the conclusion of the ribbon cutting ceremony. Some of the men and women are in conversation with each other while others have begun exploring the space and materials available. Visible among the crowd is the circulation desk, with a few staff members working from behind it. Across the room, also visible among the crowd, is the small stage and podium that library officials spoke from during the ceremony. Above the crowd, on the right side of the picture, is the second-floor balcony which has been populated by more exploring people. The photo is dated from 1995. Photo previously labeled #469\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a small stage and podium. Standing behind the podium is a man with glasses, wearing a dark-colored suit and tie, who is looking down at the papers on the podium in front of him. To one side of the stage is small group of men and women who are seated in three rows, all in professional dress. This small group of people are presumed to be library officials, as is the man in a grey-colored suit that is seated behind the stage. Behind the stage are short bookshelves that extend backward out of frame and the front of the stage is line with small pots of yellow flowers. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #470\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at the main floor of the Barret Branch wear a stage sits before a large seated audience. Separating the audience from the stage is a long red ribbon stretching from the circulation desk across the room to the staircase's railing. Behind the circulation desk, standing with their backs to the wall, are men and women who seem to be part of the library staff. On the stage stands a brown-haired woman, wearing a floral-patterned dress and pink blazer, speaking from a podium to the audience that sits in front of her. On either side of the stage sits other men and women, presumed to be library officials, who have their attention on the woman at the podium. Framing the front of the stage are small pots of yellow flowers and behind the stage, extending backwards out of frame, are bookshelves. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #471\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at the main floor of the Barret Branch wear a stage sits before a large seated audience. Separating the audience from the stage is a long red ribbon stretching from the circulation desk across the room to the staircase's railing. Behind the circulation desk, standing with their backs to the wall, are men and women who seem to be part of the library staff. On the stage stands a man with glasses, wearing a grey-colored suit, speaking from a podium to the audience that sits in front of him. On either side of the stage sits other men and women, presumed to be library officials, who have their attention on the man at the podium. Framing the front of the stage are small pots of yellow flowers and behind the stage, extending backwards out of frame, are bookshelves. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #472\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a small stage and podium as well as the people that surround it. Speaking from the podium stands a man with glasses, in a grey-colored suit and tie, who looks down at the paper in front of him. On either side of the stage sits two small groups of men and women, presumed to be library officials, who have their attention on the man on stage. All are professionally dressed and some hold programs probably pertaining to the ceremony. The front of the stage is lined with small pots of yellow flows and behind the stage are rows of short and tall books shelves. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #473\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at two groups of men and women on the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library. The group closest to the camera consists of six men and two women who are professionally dressed and seem to be library officials. Each woman shakes the hand of one of the men in the group. Behind them is a small stage and podium, that is lined with small pots of yellow flowers along the front. In the other side of the stage is another small group of men and women, also thought to be library officials. One woman seated at the front of the group, with white hair and patterned dress, is leaning forward to greet a woman with brown hair, black jacket, and skirt standing in front of her. Behind the two groups and the stage are bookshelves that extend backward out of frame. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #474\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a small group of men and women who are standing, in conversation with each other. The group, consisting of two women and five men, are all professionally dressed and seem to be library officials. Facing away from the camera, one woman with a pink jacket is shaking hands with a man in a dark colored suit and patterned tie. Behind this group is a small, unoccupied stage and podium and on the other side of the stage is another group of seated, presumed, library officials. Behind the stage are bookshelves that extend backwards out of frame. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #475\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. In the foreground of the picture, two unidentified women smile at the camera. The woman on the left has short blond hair, glasses, and wears a patterned collared dress. The woman in the left has dark brown hair and wears a dark blue top with a high neck. Behind them are more men and women who are milling about on the main floor of the Barrett Branch, presumably after the conclusion of the ceremony. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #476\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. The camera is pointed at the line of men and women standing at the circulation desk at the Barrett Branch Library. Presumably, these are members of the public who attended the ribbon cutting and are now exploring the new space after the conclusion of the ceremony. On the upper right-side of the picture, visible through the railing, is the second-floor balcony where people a standing amongst the bookshelves. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #477\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a man standing on a small stage, behind a podium. Though the camera is unfocused and the photo appears slightly blurry it can be determined that the man, dressed in a dark-colored suit with a white pocket square, looks down at the papers on the podium as the small group of men and women seated on the other side of the stage have their attention on him. The small group of men and women, who are dressed professionally, are presumed to be library officials that are part of the ribbon cutting ceremony. One other presumed official is seated behind the stage and is reading a piece of paper. Also, behind the stage and the small group of library officials, are rows of bookshelves that extend backward out of frame. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #478\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a line of people who stand facing a seated audience of men and women. The line of people is professionally dressed men and women, presumably library officials, who each hold onto a red ribbon that stretches across the room from the circulation desk to the railing of the staircase. The seated audience and the men and women standing behind the circulation desk smile at the line of officials as they cut the ribbon. One woman, with grey hair and blue dress, holds up her scissors and her portion of the red ribbon in celebration. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #479\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a man in a grey-colored suit who stands on a small stage. Looking down at the orange-handled scissors in hand, he faces a small group of men and women, presumed to be library officials, as they walk towards the left side of the photo. The man on the stage is handing out pairs of scissors to members of the ribbon cutting ceremony as they make their way towards the ribbon that is just out of view. Behind the man and the stage, is another small group of men and women seated in front of bookshelves who watch as the other officials make their way to the ribbon. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #480\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library and the men and women who are filing in before the start of the ceremony. There are folding chairs set up in the middle of the room that a being filled by people coming from the entrance vestibule at the back of the space. Behind the circulation desk stands many men and women, presumed to be library staff, who watch as members of the public take their seats. In front of the audience stretching across the room, from the circulation desk to the railing of the staircase, is a long red ribbon. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #481\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains black and white photographs pertaining to the Robert H. Robinson Library, dated from 1946 to 1950. The photos capture the Robert H. Robinson Library building, staff, and various events.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack and white photograph of Sara Murphy Carr sitting at her desk in the Robert Robinson Branch of Alexandria Library. Carr has short, dark hair and is wearing a light-colored blazer and a dark-colored top underneath. She looks directly at the camera from a chair behind her wooden desk, which is topped with file folders, a box of catalog cards, a folded newspaper, and other items. Behind her is a cart filled books and behind her further are filled bookshelves, some are topped with more books or other décor. The photo is dated c.1948. Photo previously labeled as #494\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack and white photograph of Sara Murphy Carr posing for a picture in the doorway of the Robert Robinson Library. Carr has short, dark hair and is wearing a light-color jacket, dark-colored top, light-colored knee length skirt, with dark-colored shoes. She stands facing the camera and seems to have her hand on the knob of the front door that is slightly ajar behind her. A stoop and front step lead up to the front of the brick building and above the white trimmed door is a sign that reads \"Robert Robinson Library\" in dark letters. The photo is dated c.1948. Photo previously labeled as #495\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack and white candid photograph taken outside the Robert Robinson Library as Miss Bracie enters the building. Facing the front of the library, the photo captures a woman, identified as Miss Bracie, stepping up to the front door of the building. With her back to the camera, Miss Bracie wears a light-colored jacket and skirt, a much lighter-colored hat with black sash, and carries a dark-colored hand bag. The building, made of brick with a dark-colored metal roof, has one brick chimney on the left side and four narrow windows that are evenly separated by the white trimmed front door. Above the front door, just under an outdoor light, is a sign that reads \"Robert Robinson Library\" in dark letters. A cement walkway leads up to the door and is bordered on either side by shrubbery and grass. The photo is dated c.1950. Photo previously labeled as #496\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack and white photograph of Story Hour at Robert Robinson Library. Robinson Librarian Minnie N. Fuller, sits and reads to twelve children who either sit in chairs or kneel on the carpeted floor in front of her. Fuller has short, dark hair and is wearing a light-colored dress with light-colored shoes. Her head is tilted down and away from the camera as she reads the book and the children, both boys and girls, are turned to face her. Behind the children are three windows that have their blinds open. The photo is dated 1950. Photo previously labeled as #497\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack and white photograph of a group of men and women, presumably attending an event, at the Robert H. Robinson Library. Posed in two rows, nine women and three men are pictured together with some looking directly at the camera and others facing in different directions. All are dressed up, with the women in dresses and dress hats and the men in suits. One clergyman stands in the second row and is dressed in a clerical collar. One woman is identified as Alexandria Library Director Ellen Coolidge Burke (first row, second from the left) and she is dressed in a dark jacket, light-colored shirt, light-colored skirt, and dark-colored hat. Behind the group is a wall with a bookshelf and closed door. The photo is dated 1950. Photo previously labeled #498\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack and white candid photograph taken of Story Hour at Robert Robinson Library. Twenty-three children, listen as Robinson Librarian Sara Murphy Carr reads a picture book. Carr is wearing a light-colored outfit and dark-colored shoes. Her hair has been tied back away from her face and she looks down at the open book through her glasses. Many of the children have realized they are being photographed and have turned to face the camera, but a few have their gazes turned elsewhere. The space where the group sits is lined on three sides by filled bookshelves, some topped with more books or other décor. The photo is dated April 1946. Photo previously labeled as #499\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack and white photo of the 10th Anniversary of the Robert H. +Robinson Library. Seated in five rows, a group of men and women, some young and some old, pose for a picture inside the Robert Robinson Library. Not everyone looks directly at the camera, but all are dressed professionally. Some women can be seen wearing hats and dress gloves while the men can be seen in suit and tie. One clergyman sits in the back dressed in his clerical collar. Behind the group, the walls are lined with bookshelves that have been decorated with original art work of varying sizes. The photo is dated 1950. Photo previously labeled as #500\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis sub-series contains records documenting the branches and divisions of the Alexandria Library system including the construction of the branches and information regarding their operations. The branches represented here include the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library, the James M. Duncan Branch Library, the Ellen Coolidge Burke Branch Library, the Robert H. Robinson Library, the \"New Branch\" (later known as the Charles E. Beatley, Jr. Central Library), the Special Services Division, and the Lloyd House (later known as Local History and Special Collections).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains miscellaneous records pertaining to the construction of the building addition to the Kate Waller Barrett branch of Alexandria Library in 1954. Documents include copies of contracts, proof of insurance, and other notes and correspondence related to the proposed addition to the Barrett branch.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to the construction specifications for the building addition to the Kate Waller Barrett branch of Alexandria Library in 1954. Documents include the Specifications report, prepared by the Alexandria Library Board, detailing the proposed requirements for the construction of the addition to the Barrett branch.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains financial records pertaining to the construction of the building addition to the Kate Waller Barrett branch of Alexandria Library in 1954. Documents include copies of vendor invoices, reports of money spent, and other related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to the process of selecting bids for which construction agency would carry out the construction of the building addition to the Kate Waller Barrett branch of Alexandria Library in 1954. Documents include copies of proposals, meeting minutes, press material, and other related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to monthly reports regarding the Robert Robinson branch of Alexandria Library, dating from December 1947 to December 1951. Documents include monthly reports on branch statistics, yearly fiscal report, discard lists, and other related notes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to monthly reports regarding the Robert Robinson branch of Alexandria Library, dating from January 1952 to December 1955. Documents include monthly reports on branch statistics, and other related notes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to monthly reports regarding the Robert Robinson branch of Alexandria Library, dating from January 1956 to May 1959. Documents include monthly reports on branch statistics, and other related notes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series is currently being processed and is not yet available for research use. Please contact Local History / Special Collections staff for more details.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis sub-series is currently being processed and is not yet available for research use. Please contact Local History / Special Collections staff for more details.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis sub-series is currently being processed and is not yet available for research use. Please contact Local History / Special Collections staff for more details.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis sub-series is currently being processed and is not yet available for research use. Please contact Local History / Special Collections staff for more details.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis sub-series is currently being processed and is not yet available for research use. Please contact Local History / Special Collections staff for more details.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis sub-series contains web-published resources that were created by, or are directly related to, the Alexandria Library in Alexandria, Virginia. This includes the Library website, Library social media accounts, Library blog, and the websites of Library friends' groups.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWebsite of the Alexandria Library in Alexandria, Virginia\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFacebook account of the Alexandria Library in Alexandria, Virginia\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInstagram account of the Alexandria Library in Alexandria, Virginia\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwitter account of the Alexandria Library in Alexandria, Virginia\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eYoutube account of the Alexandria Library in Alexandria, Virginia\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlexandria Library's blog which focuses on adult programs, events, and services including news and updates about the Library's collection, services, resources, and programs for adults\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOnline donation portal for the Alexandria Library Foundation, Inc. The Alexandria Library Foundation is a non-profit organization which provides funding for the Alexandria Library System in Alexandria, Virginia\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWebsite of the Friends of the Beatley Central Library in Alexandria, Virginia. The Friends are a volunteer organizations which works to promote the interests and programs of the Library\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWebsite of the Friends of Duncan Library. The Friends are a volunteer organization that supports the operations of the Duncan Branch Library, located in the Del Ray neighborhood of Alexandria, Virginia\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIntranet website for Alexandria Library staff\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description","Series Content Description","Sub-Series Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Sub-Series Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Sub-Series Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Sub-Series Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Sub-Series Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Description","Content Description","Description","Description","Description","Description","Description","Description","Description","Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains the records of the Alexandria Library, documenting the administration and operation of the Library, dating from the founding of the public library in 1937 through the present. Included are administrative records, annual reports, financial records, circulation records, materials documenting the history of the Library, programming and outreach records, and records of the individual branches of the library system. Formats include textual documents, photographs, and ephemera.","The Alexandria Library is an active organization, and so this collection is a living collection which will be periodically added to and updated. Check this collection guide for any future updates to the collection. ","This series contains materials documenting the Alexandria Library, from its founding as a public library in 1937 through the early 2000s. The majority of documents in this series pertain to the decades between 1950 and 2000. These records document the administration and operations of the Library and its individual branches, as well as materials documenting the history of the Alexandria Library. Documents include annual reports, financial records, correspondence, project files, and other administrative documentation. Also included in this series are ephemera and realia, photographs and other graphic materials, and some oversized materials.","This sub-series contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, as well as its individual branches. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1938 through 1942. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1943 through 1946. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1947 through 1948. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1949 through 1950. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1951 through 1953. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1954 through 1956. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1957 through 1959. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1960 through 1961. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1964. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence.","This sub-series contains administrative and financial records of the Alexandria Library. Documents include correspondence, budgets and other financial records, affirmative action records, bylaws and agreements, official city proclamations, gift records, and other administrative materials.","This folder contains records pertaining to administrative and financial dealings of the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1937 through the 1950s. Documents include final copies of bylaws, charters, and agreements as well as draft documents, reference materials, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to administrative and financial dealings of the Alexandria Library system, dating from the 1950s through the 1992. Documents include final copies of bylaws, charters, and agreements as well as draft documents, reference materials, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to the Affirmative Action plan put in place for the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1975.","This folder contains records pertaining to the Affirmative Action policy used to create an Affirmative Action plan for the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1976.","This folder contains records pertaining to the Affirmative Action plans for the City of Alexandria, dating from 1976 and 1980. Documents include final Affirmative Action plans from both 1976 and 1980.","This folder contains records pertaining to the Affirmative Action plans for the Alexandria Public Library, dating from 1978 through 1982. Documents include reference material used to create the Affirmative Action plans including OSHA Recordkeeping guidelines and guidelines from the Department of Equal Employment Opportunity for the City of Alexandria. Other documents include Alexandria Public Library's Affirmative Action goals, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to the Affirmative Action reports for the Alexandria Public Library system, dating from 1974 through 1976. Documents include final Affirmative Action and Equal Employment Opportunity reports, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to the Affirmative Action reports for the Alexandria Public Library system, dating from 1977 through 1980. Documents include final Affirmative Action and Equal Employment Opportunity reports, sample forms, reference materials, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to the Affirmative Action reports for the Alexandria Public Library system, dating from 1981 through 1987. Documents include final Affirmative Action and Equal Employment Opportunity reports, sample forms, membership reports, reference materials, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to the Budget for the Alexandria Public Library system, dated from 1938 through 1944. Documents include draft material, proposed yearly budgets, final budget reports, press related to the budget, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to the Budget for the Alexandria Public Library system, dated from 1945 through 1948. Documents include draft material, proposed yearly budgets, final budget reports, press related to the budget, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to the Budget for the Alexandria Public Library system, dated from 1949 through 1951. Documents include proposed yearly budgets, final budget reports, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to the Budget for the Alexandria Public Library system, dated from 1951 through 1953. Documents include draft material, proposed yearly budgets, final budget reports, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to the Budget for the Alexandria Public Library system, dated from 1953 through 1955. Documents include draft material, proposed yearly budgets, final budget reports, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to the Budget for the Alexandria Public Library system, dated from 1955 through 1959. Documents include draft material, proposed yearly budgets, final budget reports, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to the Budget for the Alexandria Public Library system, dated from 1955 through 1959. Documents include , proposed yearly budgets, final budget reports, reference materials, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to the budget for the City of Alexandria's City Planning and Capital Improvement programs in regard to the Alexandria Public Library system, dated from 1950 through 1961. Documents include final budget reports, proposed budgets, proposed building projects, draft material, reference material, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to Rules, Regulations, and Review articles for the Alexandria Public Library system, dated from 1937 through 1955. Documents include inquiries regarding librarian salaries of other Virginia public libraries, proposed rules and regulations for Alexandria Public Library, final rules and regulations for Alexandria Public Library, meeting minutes, library directories, press regarding the library, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains a 2014 copy of the introduced House Joint Resolution No. 418 which details the historical significance of the 1939 Alexandria Library Sit-in to the House of Delegates, Mayor of Alexandria, and General Assembly and proposes that this information be conveyed at an upcoming ceremony.","This folder contains records pertaining to correspondence to and from Alexandria Library, dated from 1937 through 1951. Documents included correspondence, press regarding Alexandria Public Library, proposals for the planning and construction of the Robert Robinson Library, and other related notes.","This folder contains records pertaining to correspondence to and from Alexandria Library, dated from 1952 through 1961. Documents include written correspondence, meeting and presentation notes, book acquisitions and acquisition proposals, and other related notes.","This folder contains records pertaining to the professional and nonprofessional duties within public libraries set forth by the American Library Association, dated from 1948. Documents include the preliminary draft of the Descriptive List of Professional and Nonprofessional Duties in Libraries handbook.","This folder contains records pertaining to position descriptions and pay plans for Virginia public libraries, dated from 1950. Documents include a guidebook detailing all positions available with Virginia public libraries, their position descriptions, and recommended qualifications.","This folder contains records pertaining to \"Position Classification and Salary Administration in Libraries\", dated from 1951. Documents include a handbook titled \"Position Classification and Salary Administration in Libraries\", written by the American Library Association, detailing guides and standards for library administrative staff to utilize when creating administrative plans.","This folder contains records pertaining to information and guidelines for new City of Alexandria employees, dated from 1950 to 1986. Documents include guidebooks detailing fundamental information regarding being employed by the City of Alexandria, code of ethics, and guidelines for managers to effectively communicate employee evaluations.","This sub-series contains records documenting circulation statistics of the Library.","This folder contains records pertaining to circulation statistics for the Alexandria Library system, dated from 1937 through 1940. Documents include overall number of books circulated during a given year and ledgers detailing the number and genre of Adult books circulated each day of the year that the library was open to the public.","This folder contains records pertaining to circulation statistics for the Alexandria Library system, dated from 1937 through 1940. Documents include ledgers detailing the number and genre of Children's books circulated each day of the year that the library was open to the public.","This folder contains records pertaining to circulation statistics for the Alexandria Library system, dated from 1941 through 1942. Documents include ledgers detailing the number and genre of Adult and Children's books circulated each day of the year that the library was open to the public.","This folder contains records pertaining to circulation statistics for the Alexandria Library system, dated from 1943 through 1944. Documents include ledgers detailing the number and genre of Adult and Children's books circulated each day of the year that the library was open to the public.","This folder contains records pertaining to circulation statistics for the Alexandria Library system, dated from 1944 through 1949. Documents include ledgers detailing the number and genre of Adult and Children's books circulated each day of the year that the library was open to the public.","This folder contains records pertaining to circulation statistics for the Alexandria Library system, dated from 1949 through 1953. Documents include ledgers detailing the number and genre of Adult and Children's books circulated each day of the year that the library was open to the public.","This folder contains records pertaining to circulation statistics for the Alexandria Library system, dated from 1949. Documents include ledgers detailing the number and genre of Adult and Children's books circulated each day of the year that the library was open to the public.","This folder contains records pertaining to circulation statistics for the Alexandria Library system, dated from 1944 through 1946. Documents include ledgers detailing the number and genre of Adult and Children's books circulated each day of the year that the library was open to the public.","This sub-series contains materials of mixed formats documenting the history of the Library and its programming and outreach work. Documents include scrapbooks, posters, news clippings, correspondence, administrative documents, event programs, and photographs.","This folder contains materials pertaining to Alexandria Library history, dating from 1957-1961. Documents include newspaper clippings from various local newspapers, event photos, correspondence, and other related notes.","This folder contains records pertaining to the history of Alexandria Library, dated from c. 1960. Documents include notes, correspondence, and copies of newspaper articles relating to the library.","This folder contains records pertaining to the history of Alexandria Library. Documents include copies of events schedules, event programs, summaries of the library's history, copies of newspaper articles relating to the library, and other related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to the history of Alexandria Library, dated from 1937 through 1947. Documents include newspaper clippings that detail library history, press, and publicity.","This folder contains records pertaining to the history of Alexandria Library, dated from 1955 through 1973. Documents include newspaper clippings that detail library history, press, and publicity.","This folder contains records pertaining to the history of Alexandria Library, dated from 1936 through 1954. Documents include summaries of the library's history, copies of newspaper articles relating to the library, and other related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to the history of Alexandria Library, dated from 1945 through 1985. Documents include copies of newspaper articles relating to the library, and other related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to publicity correspondence for Alexandria Library, dated from c. 1954-1986. Documents include correspondence relating to proposed exhibits, cosmetic changes to library branches, research inquiries, proof of membership, thank-you messages, plans for library news releases, and other related notes.","This folder contains records pertaining to press releases for Alexandria Library, dated from 1947-1986. Documents include drafts of news releases, draft 5-year plan documents, descriptions of upcoming library programs, mock-ups for news articles relating to the library, and other related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to events related to Alexandria Library, dated from 1954 through 1992. Documents include programs from library events and other notes and correspondence.","This folder contains biographical research materials about James M. Duncan, Jr. (the namesake of the Duncan Branch) which were collected by branch managers of Duncan Branch. Materials include notes, newsclippings, and photocopies of newsclippings.","This folder contains photographs of the 1995 ribbon cutting ceremony celebrating the re-opening of the Kate Waller Barrett Branch after renovations.","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Eight people, presumed to be library officials, stand on the main floor of the Barrett Branch in front of a seated audience, in the midst of a ribbon cutting ceremony. The smiling officials cutting the red ribbon, who include six men and two women, are dressed professionally and each holds their own pair of scissors. Behind them are shelves of library books and a set of stairs that lead up to the second floor of the library. The seated audience of men and women watches as the ceremony proceeds. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #402","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Eight people, presumed to be library officials, stand on the main floor of the Barrett Branch in front of a seated audience, in the midst of a ribbon cutting ceremony. The officials, who include six men and two women, have not yet cut the red ribbon and are dressed professionally. Each of the eight officials holds their own pair of scissors. Behind them are shelves of library books and a set of stairs that up to the second floor of the library. The seated audience of men and women watches as the ceremony proceeds. The photograph is dated September 10th, 1995. Photo previously labeled #403","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. This candid photo of men and women milling around the first floor of the Barrett Branch was taken, presumably, after the conclusion of the ceremony. Some of the people pictured are in conversation with one another, while others are taking in their surroundings. In the foreground is a podium framed on either side by yellow flowers and an American flag. In the background are library books shelves and a set of stairs that lead up to the second floor of the library. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #404","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. This candid photo was taken amidst a crowd of people attending the ceremony on the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library. The men and women of various ages stand milling around the space. Some are in conversation with one another while others look in many directions, taking in their surroundings. Visible in the background is the entrance to the library that consists of floor to ceiling windows allowing natural daylight to stream in. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #405","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. The photo is of several people standing around on the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library. The three men and one woman in the foreground are in conversation with each other but only the two men on the right have realized the group is being photographed. The two men on the right are looking at the camera and smiling, while the women is still speaking and the third man is looking to his right with his back to the photographer. In the background are other people, some in conversation and some not, as well as empty chairs set up against filled bookshelves. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #406","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. A large audience of men and women have filled the main floor of the Barrett Branch, presumably watching as the ceremony unfolds. Some of the people are sitting in the middle of the space while the rest of the crowd have filled the available standing room, even standing in the sunlight filled entrance vestibule, at the back of the room, to catch a glimpse through the floor to ceiling windows. Regardless of placement, almost all the audience members have their attentions set on the events happening behind the camera, just out of frame. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #407","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Two women stand posing for a picture, on the main floor of the Barrett Branch, presumably after the conclusion of the ceremony. With their arms around each other, the woman on the left looks directly at the camera while the women on the right smiles at something out of frame on the left. In the background are more people, men and women, milling around the large indoor space. Some are in conversation with one another and others are simply moving about the space. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #409","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. The photo is of two smiling men and a young child posing for a picture together. On the left, the young child stands holding the hand of the man in the middle who has brown hair and mustache, is wearing glasses and is dressed in a dark-colored suit with a white shirt and red patterned tie. The man on the right, who stands with his hand on the shoulder of the man in the middle, has white hair and is wearing glasses and a dark-colored suit with a white shirt and blue tie. All three stand under a half visible, gold-framed, painted portrait of Kate Waller Barrett that is hanging on the wall behind them. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #410","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Three men and two children stand posing for a picture together. The three men are all wearing dark-colored suits with light-colored shirts and ties. The two children, one boy and one girl, stand in front of the men in the middle and on the right. The boy wears a light-colored button-down shirt and striped dress pants while the girl wears a striped, long-sleeve dress with black tights and black shoes with pink shoelaces. All five smile at the camera as they pose under a gold-framed, painted portrait of Kate Waller Barrett. The woman in the portrait has her white hair tied back in a bun and sits, posed in profile, and is wearing dark-colored clothes, with floral accents. A gold cross pendant hangs from her neck and a brooch is pinned to her chest. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #411","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. A woman stands posing for a picture with the portrait of Kate Waller Barrett hanging near the entrance of the Barrett Branch Library. The woman, dressed in a red blazer and skirt, smiles as she looks to left at something just out of frame. She stands below the gold-framed, painted portrait of Kate Waller Barrett. In the portrait, Kate Waller Barrett has her white hair tied back into a bun and sits, posed in profile, wearing dark-colored clothes, with floral accents. A gold cross pendant hangs from her neck and a brooch is pinned to her chest. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #412","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Three men and two children stand posing for a picture together under the portrait of Kate Waller Barrett that hangs near the entrance of the Barrett Branch Library. The man on the left has white hair and is wearing glasses, a dark-colored suit, a light-colored shirt and blue tie. He has his hand on the shoulder of the little girl to the right of him who wears a striped long-sleeve dress with black tights and black shoes with pink laces. The little girl holds the hand of the man in the middle who wears a dark-colored suit with a light-colored shirt and dark patterned tie. Next to him, on the right, stands the little boy who wears a light-colored button-down shirt and striped dress pants. The little boy holds the hand of the last man on the right who has brown hair and mustache, glasses, and wears a dark-colored suit with a light-colored shirt and red patterned tie. All five stand beneath the gold-framed, painted portrait of Kate Waller Barrett who has her white hair tied back into a bun. She sits, posed in profile, and is wearing dark-colored clothes, with floral accents, with a gold cross pendant hanging from her neck and a brooch pinned to her chest. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #413","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. The candid photograph is of four men standing in front of the portrait of Kate Waller Barrett that hangs near the entrance to the library. The two men on the left are greeting each other and the two men on the right are standing separately both looking in opposite directions towards things just out of frame. All the men are dressed in suits and ties and three out of four are wearing glasses. The leftmost man is holding multiple pairs of scissors and the second man from the right is holding an event program. Behind them, hanging on the wall is the gold-framed, painted portrait of Kate Waller Barrett who has white hair tied back into a bun and sits, posed in profile, wearing dark-colored clothes, with floral accents, with a gold cross pendant hanging from her neck and a brooch pinned to her chest. Also in the background, off to the left, is a child, seemingly in motion, appearing blurry in the photograph. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #414","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. The candid photograph is of a group of men and women standing around a table of computers on the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library. On the round table there are four white computers, each with their own keyboard and mouse. Two of the computers are in use, one by a man in dark dress pants and white shirt and the other by two people, a woman and young man, working together. In the background are other people milling about as well as library bookshelves and a set of stairs leading to the second floor of the library. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #415","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. The candid photograph is of two groups of men and women, some sitting and some standing, inside of the library presumably before the ceremony begins. To left is a group of seated people, partially blocked from view by a desk, and to the right is a group of men standing together in conversation. Between the two groups sits a small stage with an American flag, bordered at the front by small pots of yellow flowers. In the background are rows of both tall and short bookshelves in front of a glass-front room. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #416","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of two women and one man standing in conversation with one another. The two women are both in light-colored dresses and the woman on the right faces away from the camera and carries a purse. The man wears glasses and is dressed in a light-colored suit with a white dress shirt and patterned tie. The woman on the left looks across to the woman on the right as she and the man in the middle are looking at each other. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #417","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of men and women milling about inside the Barrett Branch. The people in the foreground seem to be in conversation with each other while others are having separate conversations in the background. The photo is being taken from behind a bookshelf decorated with a potted plant whose leaves have just started to come in to frame on the right side of the photo. Behind the people are more bookshelves, decorated with flowers, and a glass-front room. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #418","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photo of four men, one woman, and two children. Every person pictured is looking in a different direction, some seeming to be moving towards different parts of the room and appearing blurry in the photo. All of the men are dressed in suits, the woman wears a pink buttoned jacket, the little boy wears a light-color button-down, and the little girl wears a striped long-sleeve dress. Behind them on the wall hangs a gold-framed, painted portrait of Kate Waller Barrett who has white hair tied back into a bun and sits, posed in profile, wearing dark-colored clothes, with floral accents. A gold cross pendant is hanging from her neck and a brooch is pinned to her chest. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #419","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. The photo is of the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library. In the library stands many men, women, and children milling about the space. Some are in conversation with one another, while others take in their surroundings or speak to people sitting behind the circulation desk to the left of the photo. To the right of the photo is the beginning of a staircase that leads to the second floor of the library. Visible from the balcony, the second floor is filled with bookshelves. In the background, on the lower level, stands a small stage and podium framed by small pots of yellow flowers and an American flag as well as a glass-front room whose windows are letting in bright daylight. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #420","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. The photo is of the main floor of the Barrett Branch and there are men and women milling around in the space, some in conversation with one another and others taking in their surroundings. On the right side of the picture, some of the people stand in front of the circulation desk, decorated with pots of yellow and orange flowers. On the left side of the picture are some glass display cases displaying open books. In the background are the floor to ceiling windows of the entrance vestibule that are providing bright, natural light to the room. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #421","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Pictured is a large audience of men and women on the main floor of the Barrett Branch. Some of the people are sitting in the middle of the room while the rest of the crowd have begun filling in the available standing room, even standing in the sunlight filled entrance vestibule, at the back of the crowd, to catch a glimpse through the floor to ceiling windows. Regardless of placement, almost all the audience members have their attentions set on the events happening behind the camera, just out of frame. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #422","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a group of men and women, of differing ages, standing around a table of computers. At the round table, there are two people with their backs to the camera sharing the same computer, to their right is one woman at the next computer, and the next computer has a group of four sharing the same computer. In the foreground is a shelf that has been decorated with a pot of flowers, that have taken up the left side of the picture. In the background, behind the group of people at the computers is glass-front room and a few people within. Inside the room are bookshelves on the left wall and tables and chairs filling the middle. The windows on the back wall have had their blinds drawn to shade the interior from the bright daylight shining through. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #423","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of some people, both men and women, looking at the available materials on the bookshelves around them on the second floor of the Barrett Branch Library. Some of the men and women are browsing the shelves while others have begun reading their chosen materials. In the foreground are shorter bookshelves, with one man crouching to get a better look at the offerings on the bottom shelf. In the background are taller bookshelves, that almost reach from floor to ceiling. Behind the taller bookshelves are some tables and chairs that have been backlit by the daylight coming through the windows on the back wall. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #424","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a seated audience facing a group of people who seem like library officials seated at the front of the room. The seated audience is facing away from the camera and the group of men and women at the front of the room are applauding in welcome to the man who is standing at the front of the room. He has brown hair and mustache, is wearing glasses and a grey suit with dark tie. Off to the right of the photo is a staircase that leads to the second floor whose balcony sits above the group of clapping men and women. Behind them stands bookshelves, completely filled, that almost reach from floor to ceiling. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #425","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a woman speaking to an audience from an elevated podium. The woman, dressed in a red blazer and white shirt, is looking through her glasses out over the audience. Behind her is both short and tall bookshelves, as well as a wall of glass, and to the left stands an American flag. The woman at the podium stands below the second-floor balcony of the Barrett Branch where three musicians sit with music stands in front of them and bookshelves at their back. In the foreground, somewhat blocking the view of the seated audience, is the circulation desk topped with stacks of paper. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #426","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a seated audience, extending out of frame, who have their attention on a man speaking from an elevated podium. The man at podium, dressed in a dark-colored suit with a white shirt and red tie, is looking down at the podium through his glasses. Behind the podium are rows of book shelves, both short and tall with some decorated with flowers, as well as a glass-front room. The man at the podium stands beneath the second-floor balcony of the Barrett Branch Library. Visible through the balcony's railing are filled bookshelves. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #427","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a man speaking from behind a podium. The man is standing, dressed in a dark-colored suit with a white shirt and dark patterned tie, looking down at the podium through his dark tinted glasses. Behind him are rows of book shelves, both short and tall with some decorated with flowers, as well as a glass-front room. The podium stands below the second-floor balcony of the Barrett Branch Library where three chairs and two music stands are set up. The right most chair is occupied by a person in white shirt and dark pants. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #428","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a woman speaking from an elevated podium. The woman, dressed in a blue dress and matching blue jacket, looks out to an audience just out of frame and she is observed by a small panel of professionally dressed men and women, presumed to be other library officials, on the right side of the picture. The picture is being taken from behind the circulation desk, complete with computer, receipt printer, and landline phone. A pot of yellow, orange and red flowers sits atop the desk, partially blocking an American flag from view. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #429","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a woman speaking from an elevated podium in front of an audience of people that extends out of frame. The woman, dressed in a pink blazer over a dark patterned dress with a string of pearls around her neck, is looking down at the podium while the audience listens. Behind her are rows of book shelves, both short and tall with some decorated with flowers, as well as a glass-front room. The speaker and podium stand beneath an the second-floor balcony of the Barrett Branch Library, where three chairs, music stands, and musicians are seated and viewable through the balcony's railing. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #430","This folder contains photographs of the 1995 ribbon cutting ceremony celebrating the re-opening of the Kate Waller Barrett Branch after renovations.","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a man speaking to an audience, extending out of frame, from an elevated podium. The man, dressed in a dark-colored suit with white shirt and dark patterned tie, is looking down at the podium while holding up a closed book in his right hand and paper in his left hand. Behind him are rows of short and tall bookshelves, some decorated with flowers, in front of a glass-front room. Above the podium sits the second-floor balcony of the Barrett Branch Library. Through the railing, three chairs, music stands, and musicians can be seen in front of filled bookshelves. In the foreground, on the left side of the picture, is the circulation desk topped with stacks of papers. The photo is dated from 1995. Photo previously labeled #431","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a woman speaking from an elevated podium to audience, which extends out of frame. The woman is dressed in a matching blue jacket and dress, and looks out over the audience at something not visible as the audience turns to follow her gaze. To her left and right are men in dark-colored suits and ties that also follow her line-of-sight. Behind her are bookshelves, both tall and short, and a glass-front room. Above the podium is the second-floor balcony and through the railing, three chairs, music stands, and musicians can be seen in front of filled bookshelves. In the foreground, blocking some of the audience from view, is the circulation desk with a computer and piles of paper. The photo is dated from 1995. Photo previously labeled #432","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. This slightly out of focus, color candid photograph is of a woman speaking from an elevated podium to an audience that is seated just out of frame. The woman, dressed in a pink jacket over a dark, patterned dress, is bordered by a group of seated men and women, presumed to be other library officials, on the right and an American flag on the left. Above the woman at the podium is the second-floor balcony and behind her are tall bookshelves and a glass front room. The photo is being taken from behind the circulation desk which has a computer and a pot of yellow, red and orange flowers. The photo is dated from 1995. Photo previously labeled #433","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a group of men and women in conversation with each other amidst the ribbon cutting ceremony. The group consists of four men and two women, presumed to be library officials, who trade smiles and handshakes in front of a clapping audience. Some of the members of the group are still holding scissors and the pieces of red ribbon that were cut as part of the ceremony. Behind them are bookshelves that extend backward into the space. The photo is dated from 1995. Photo previously labeled #434","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a group of men and women amidst the ribbon cutting ceremony. The group consists of three men and two women, some still holding scissors and pieces of the red ribbon cut during the ceremony. The smiling woman in the middle has offered a handshake to the man to the left of her as the audience applauds them. Behind the ribbon cutters are tall and short bookshelves that extend backwards into the space. The photo is dated from 1995. Photo previously labeled #435","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photo of a group of three men and one woman, presumed to be library officials, are trading smiles and the woman offers a handshake to the man on the far left. The woman has grey hair and wears a matching blue jacket and dress. The men are dressed professionally in suits and ties. They stand in front of a small stage and podium, lined with small pots of yellow flowers and decorated by an American flag. Behind them are bookshelves, both tall and short, that extend backwards toward a glass-front room. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #436","Color photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. This candid photograph depicts several people standing behind the main circulation desk on the first floor of the Barrett Branch. In the foreground of the photo is a woman wearing a magenta dress and holding two books. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #408","Color portrait of an outdoor sign from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library after renovations were completed in 1995. On a bright, sunny day at the corner of a red-brick building sits a white sign that reads \"The 200 Block of North Columbus St. Welcomes the New Library\" and just below that it reads \"Thank You\". Propped up on a wooden easel, the sign is decorated by a single gold, metallic balloon that is moving with the wind. Behind the sign to the right are row houses and a parked car. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #441","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, a group of presumed library officials sit next to a stage and listen to the woman speaking from the podium. The woman has white hair and is dressed in a matching blue jacket and dress turns her head to welcome another woman who making her way to an empty chair among the group of officials. The woman being welcomed has tied back, brown hair and glasses and is wearing a colorful dress and black, t-strap shoes. Some of the men and women in the group of officials clap while others offer warm smiles to the approaching woman. Behind them is a small circulation desk and filled bookshelves. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #442","Color portrait photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, a group of presumed library staff stand behind the circulation desk and smile at the camera. Four women are directly behind the desk and five more seem to be coming out of the room just behind the desk. Some of the other women have realized their picture is being taken and look at the camera, while others have not and continue their conversations with one another. One man stands in front of the desk and has turned to face the camera while a final woman seems to being walking past him. Folding chairs are set up and extend out of frame and because each still has a paper program on it, it is likely the event has not yet started. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #443","Color candid photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, two group of presumed library officials both sit and stand next to a small stage. Though not all the chairs are filled, the seated group includes three women and four men, all dressed professionally, who seem to be waiting for the event to start. The standing group, consisting of three men and two women, are all in conversation with one another. The woman in the middle with white hair, blue dress and light-colored purse is speaking and the remainder of the standing group leans in to listen. Behind them is the stage, decorated with an American flag, and both tall and short bookshelves that extend out of frame. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #444","Color photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera aims at the circulation desk and the people that stand around it. Presumed to be library staff, four women stand together and all but one is smiling up at the camera. Other people, presumed to be library staff and officials, stand around the desk. Some are in conversation and others are looking in different directions around the room. In front of the circulation desk, extending out of frame, are rows of folding chairs each with a paper program on the seats. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #445","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Set up on the second-floor balcony of the Barrett Branch, are three female musicians in the midst of performing. All three are wearing white dress shirts and black bottoms and each sit in her own wooden chair across from sheet music on a music stand and plays from a flute. Behind them are a man and a woman in conversation leaning over the balcony railing to get a better view of what is going on the floor below. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #446","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, pictured is a man in a dark suit and tie speaking from a podium on a small elevated stage, which he shares with an American flag. Bordering the front of the stage are small pots of yellow flowers. To the left and right of the stage sit two groups of men and women, presumably library officials who have their attention on the man speaking. Behind them are rows of both tall and short bookshelves that extend back into the room and out of frame. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #447","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Men and women of varying ages stand milling around the main floor of the Barrett Branch library seeming after the conclusion of the ceremony. In the foreground, one man sits at a table with his hands on a computer keyboard and converses with the two women who are speaking to him. The woman on the left has short brown hair and wears a blue jacket and the woman on the right has short greying hair and wears a white shirt, denim bottoms, and carries a small purse. In the background is a larger group pf men and women, gathered around a table of computers. Behind are bookshelves that extend to the other side of the room where more people sit at tables in conversation. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #448","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Outside the front entrance of the Barrett Branch Library, in the shade of a tree, is a group of men and women who seem to be waiting for the library to open and for the ceremony to begin. On the front doors, illuminated by the sun, two signs read \"Re-opening\" and \"Sept. 10, 2PM\". Some of the group are sitting on the red brick retaining wall outside of the library while other stand in conversation closer to the entrance. The building is red brick, with white columns and white doors. A large, half-moon shaped windows sits atop the doors allowing natural light to fill the entrance vestibule within. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #449","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. The photo is aimed at the circulation desk where some people have begun to converse with the library staff behind the desk. In front of the desk, the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library has been filled with folding chairs where a few people have begun to sit. There are folded programs on each of the folding chairs, suggesting that the ceremony has not yet begun. On the right side of the picture are bookshelves that fill the space at the back of the main floor as well as the second floor, which is visible through the balcony railing. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #450","Color candid photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the picture is focused on the group of men and women standing against the wall behind the circulation desk. There are nine women and two men visible, dressed professionally, and most of them seem to have their attention on something happening just out of frame on the right. In front of the desk on the left is the beginnings of a seated audience and starting from the circulation desk extending out of frame across the front of the audience stretches the red ribbon that has yet to be cut. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #451","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. A group of two men, one woman, and one young man are standing in conversation with each other next to a round table that currently holds computers, of which only the keyboards and mice are visible. The young man has dark hair and wears a blue collared shirt and the woman he is next to has short brown hair and wears a blue patterned dress and carries a white purse. The two men are both dressed in dark suits with light dress shirts. The man with glasses wears a dark tie. Behind them are some table and chairs separating the group from the tall book shelves that extend out passed both sides of frame. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #452","Color candid photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, two men are pictured in conversation with each other while standing behind a podium on a small elevated stage. The men both wear suits with light-colored shirts, and the viewer is clearly able to see that the man on the left is wearing glasses and a tie. The man on the right has his back to the camera because his attention is on the other man who seems to be explaining something while pointing to something just out of sight on the left. In front of the stage are small pots of yellow flowers and beside the stage are rows of wooden chairs that have yet to be filled. Each chair has a folded program that seems to suggest the ceremony has yet to begin. Behind the men and the stage are bookshelves, both tall and short, that are filled with material. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #453","Color candid photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Pointed toward the interior entrance of the Barrett Branch, taken from the opposite end of the main floor, men and women are milling about the space presumably after the conclusion of the ribbon cutting. In the foreground are men and women using the available computers and in front of them is a large gathering of people milling around the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library. Some seem to be in conversation with one another, while other seem to simply be moving around the space. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #454","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at where the ceremony will be held. A large seated audience of men and women is forming behind a red ribbon that has been stretched from the circulation desk to the staircase's railing on the opposite side of the room. The men and women standing behind the circulation desk are, presumably, library staff and the few men and women that stand on the other side of the red ribbon from the audience are the library officials that will be speaking during the ceremony. The library officials seem to be looking at someone just out of frame and two of them are waving to try and get their attention. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #455","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at the main floor of the Barrett Branch where folding chairs have been set up in the middle of the room for an audience that has begun filing in. Men and women of varying ages and dress are coming in through the bright, naturally lit entrance vestibule, stopping at the circulation desk, before finding an empty seat. The men and women behind the circulation desk are, presumably, library staff who are either in conversation with one another or watching the people who are filing into the library. Just in front of the audience, stretching from the circulation desk to the railing of the staircase at the opposite of the room, is a red ribbon that is being handled by a woman in a dark top and patterned skirt. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #456","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points at a small group of men and women who are seated in wooden chairs to the left of a small stage with a podium. Seated in two rows, the group consists of four women and three men, and are presumed to be library officials. They are all in professional dress, either in suits and ties or dresses and blazers, and the front row seems to be conversation with each other. Just behind them, extending backward into the space, are filled bookshelves. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #457","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a man speaking from a podium on a small elevated stage. The man, wearing glasses and dressed in a grey-colored suit with a white shirt and dark-colored tie, holds a book in one hand and paper in the other as he looks out at the audience in front of him. The men and women seated next to the stage, who are presumed to be library officials, have their attention on the speaker. The stage is bordered in the front by small pots of yellow flowers and framed in the back by bookshelves that extend backward into the space. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #458","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a small elevated stage and podium and the men and women that surround it. The men and women, presumed to be library officials, stand with their hands over their hearts as they face the American flag that sits on the stage. All professionally dressed, only one man and one woman stand on the stage while the others stand to either side as they seem to recite the Pledge of Allegiance. Behind the stage are rows of bookshelves that extend backwards and out of frame. Above the stage is the second-floor balcony of the Barrett Branch. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #459","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a small elevated stage and podium and the men and women that surround it. On the stage stands a brown-haired woman, wearing a floral-patterned dress and pink blazer, speaking from a podium to the audience that sits in front of her just out of view. On either side of the stage sits other men and women, presumed to be library officials, who have their attention on the woman at the podium. Framing the front of the stage are small pots of yellow flowers and behind the stage, extending backwards out of frame, are bookshelves. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #460","This folder contains photographs of the 1995 ribbon cutting ceremony celebrating the re-opening of the Kate Waller Barrett Branch after renovations.","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a small elevated stage and podium and the people that surround it. Although the picture is out of focusing, appearing blurry, a woman with red hair and glasses, wearing a red blazer and skirt, can be seen speaking from the podium. With their attention on the speaker at the podium, the men and women that sit next to the stage are presumed to be library officials. The stage, framed at the front by small pots of yellow flowers, backs up to rows of short bookshelves that extend backward out of frame. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #461","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a small elevated stage and podium and the people that surround it. On the stage, standing at the podium, is a man with glasses wearing a dark-colored suit and tie with a red pocket square. He looks down at the paper on the podium as he speaks to the audience in front of him, sitting just out of view. The men and women sitting next to the stage, presumed to be library officials, are dressed professionally as some turn their attention toward the speaker. The front of the stage is framed by small pots of yellow flowers and rows of short bookshelves sit at the back of the stage. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #462","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down on the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library where the audience sits as the ribbon ceremony goes on. On the left side of the picture, many men and women sit in folding chairs as they listen to the man speaking from the small elevated stage and podium in front of them. Stretching from the circulation desk, across the room, to the railing of the staircase is a red ribbon that separates the audience from the men and women on and around the stage. There are also men and women that stand behind the circulation desk, presumed to be library staff, that have their attention on the man at the podium, who is dressed in a dark-colored suit with a light-colored shirt. On either side of the stage, separated from the general audience, sit other men and women who are presumed to be library officials. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #463","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down on the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library where the audience sits as the ribbon ceremony goes on. On the right side of the picture sits a large audience of men and women that extends backwards out if frame. They are separated from the small stage and podium by a red ribbon that stretches from the circulation desk, across the room, to the railing of the staircase that leads to the second floor. Behind the circulation desk stands a few men and women, who are presumed to be library staff, who have their attention on the man that speaks from the podium. The speaker, dressed in a dark-colored suit and tie, looks down at the paper on the podium as he addresses the audience in front of him. The people sitting to left and right of the stage, who are separate from the general audience, are presumed to be library officials who are part of the ceremony proceedings. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #464","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a man standing in behind a podium on a small elevated stage. The man, dressed in a grey-colored suit and glasses, seems to have his head tilted down in pause to accept the applause he is receiving from the people around him. Next to the stage sits a group of men and women who are presumed to be library officials. One man and one woman can be seen clapping for the man on the stage. The front of the stage is framed by small pots of yellow flowers and the back of the stage is bordered by short bookshelves that extend backward out of view. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #465","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a woman standing behind a podium on a small elevate stage. The woman has grey hair, dressed in a matching blue dress and blazer, and looks out at the audience seated in front of her, just out of view. There is a group of men and women seated in three rows next to the stage, presumed to be library officials, who look and listen to the woman speaking from the podium. Behind the stage and the group of library officials are some tall and short bookshelves that extend backward into the space and out of frame. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #466","Color candid photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library where men and women are milling around presumably after the ribbon has been cut officially opening the library. The men and women, of all ages and in varying dress, are either in conversation with one another or are on the move to a different part of the space. Some are making their way up the stairs and past whomever is taking the picture while others are moving towards the rows of bookshelves that extend backward out of frame. Barely visible amongst the people is a small stage and podium where library officials had spoken during the ceremony. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #467","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a small stage and the men and women that surround it. On the stage, standing behind a podium, is grey-haired woman in a matching blue dress and blazer who speaks to the audience seated in front of her, just out of view. On either side of the stage where the woman in blue is speaking from, sits two groups of men and women, presumed to be library officials, who have attention on the woman in blue. The front of the stage is framed with small pots of yellow flowers and the back is bordered by short bookshelves that extend backward into the space. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #468","Color candid photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at the main floor of the Barret Branch where people have begun to move about the space, presumably, at the conclusion of the ribbon cutting ceremony. Some of the men and women are in conversation with each other while others have begun exploring the space and materials available. Visible among the crowd is the circulation desk, with a few staff members working from behind it. Across the room, also visible among the crowd, is the small stage and podium that library officials spoke from during the ceremony. Above the crowd, on the right side of the picture, is the second-floor balcony which has been populated by more exploring people. The photo is dated from 1995. Photo previously labeled #469","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a small stage and podium. Standing behind the podium is a man with glasses, wearing a dark-colored suit and tie, who is looking down at the papers on the podium in front of him. To one side of the stage is small group of men and women who are seated in three rows, all in professional dress. This small group of people are presumed to be library officials, as is the man in a grey-colored suit that is seated behind the stage. Behind the stage are short bookshelves that extend backward out of frame and the front of the stage is line with small pots of yellow flowers. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #470","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at the main floor of the Barret Branch wear a stage sits before a large seated audience. Separating the audience from the stage is a long red ribbon stretching from the circulation desk across the room to the staircase's railing. Behind the circulation desk, standing with their backs to the wall, are men and women who seem to be part of the library staff. On the stage stands a brown-haired woman, wearing a floral-patterned dress and pink blazer, speaking from a podium to the audience that sits in front of her. On either side of the stage sits other men and women, presumed to be library officials, who have their attention on the woman at the podium. Framing the front of the stage are small pots of yellow flowers and behind the stage, extending backwards out of frame, are bookshelves. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #471","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at the main floor of the Barret Branch wear a stage sits before a large seated audience. Separating the audience from the stage is a long red ribbon stretching from the circulation desk across the room to the staircase's railing. Behind the circulation desk, standing with their backs to the wall, are men and women who seem to be part of the library staff. On the stage stands a man with glasses, wearing a grey-colored suit, speaking from a podium to the audience that sits in front of him. On either side of the stage sits other men and women, presumed to be library officials, who have their attention on the man at the podium. Framing the front of the stage are small pots of yellow flowers and behind the stage, extending backwards out of frame, are bookshelves. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #472","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a small stage and podium as well as the people that surround it. Speaking from the podium stands a man with glasses, in a grey-colored suit and tie, who looks down at the paper in front of him. On either side of the stage sits two small groups of men and women, presumed to be library officials, who have their attention on the man on stage. All are professionally dressed and some hold programs probably pertaining to the ceremony. The front of the stage is lined with small pots of yellow flows and behind the stage are rows of short and tall books shelves. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #473","Color candid photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at two groups of men and women on the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library. The group closest to the camera consists of six men and two women who are professionally dressed and seem to be library officials. Each woman shakes the hand of one of the men in the group. Behind them is a small stage and podium, that is lined with small pots of yellow flowers along the front. In the other side of the stage is another small group of men and women, also thought to be library officials. One woman seated at the front of the group, with white hair and patterned dress, is leaning forward to greet a woman with brown hair, black jacket, and skirt standing in front of her. Behind the two groups and the stage are bookshelves that extend backward out of frame. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #474","Color candid photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a small group of men and women who are standing, in conversation with each other. The group, consisting of two women and five men, are all professionally dressed and seem to be library officials. Facing away from the camera, one woman with a pink jacket is shaking hands with a man in a dark colored suit and patterned tie. Behind this group is a small, unoccupied stage and podium and on the other side of the stage is another group of seated, presumed, library officials. Behind the stage are bookshelves that extend backwards out of frame. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #475","Color photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. In the foreground of the picture, two unidentified women smile at the camera. The woman on the left has short blond hair, glasses, and wears a patterned collared dress. The woman in the left has dark brown hair and wears a dark blue top with a high neck. Behind them are more men and women who are milling about on the main floor of the Barrett Branch, presumably after the conclusion of the ceremony. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #476","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. The camera is pointed at the line of men and women standing at the circulation desk at the Barrett Branch Library. Presumably, these are members of the public who attended the ribbon cutting and are now exploring the new space after the conclusion of the ceremony. On the upper right-side of the picture, visible through the railing, is the second-floor balcony where people a standing amongst the bookshelves. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #477","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a man standing on a small stage, behind a podium. Though the camera is unfocused and the photo appears slightly blurry it can be determined that the man, dressed in a dark-colored suit with a white pocket square, looks down at the papers on the podium as the small group of men and women seated on the other side of the stage have their attention on him. The small group of men and women, who are dressed professionally, are presumed to be library officials that are part of the ribbon cutting ceremony. One other presumed official is seated behind the stage and is reading a piece of paper. Also, behind the stage and the small group of library officials, are rows of bookshelves that extend backward out of frame. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #478","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a line of people who stand facing a seated audience of men and women. The line of people is professionally dressed men and women, presumably library officials, who each hold onto a red ribbon that stretches across the room from the circulation desk to the railing of the staircase. The seated audience and the men and women standing behind the circulation desk smile at the line of officials as they cut the ribbon. One woman, with grey hair and blue dress, holds up her scissors and her portion of the red ribbon in celebration. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #479","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a man in a grey-colored suit who stands on a small stage. Looking down at the orange-handled scissors in hand, he faces a small group of men and women, presumed to be library officials, as they walk towards the left side of the photo. The man on the stage is handing out pairs of scissors to members of the ribbon cutting ceremony as they make their way towards the ribbon that is just out of view. Behind the man and the stage, is another small group of men and women seated in front of bookshelves who watch as the other officials make their way to the ribbon. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #480","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library and the men and women who are filing in before the start of the ceremony. There are folding chairs set up in the middle of the room that a being filled by people coming from the entrance vestibule at the back of the space. Behind the circulation desk stands many men and women, presumed to be library staff, who watch as members of the public take their seats. In front of the audience stretching across the room, from the circulation desk to the railing of the staircase, is a long red ribbon. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #481","This folder contains black and white photographs pertaining to the Robert H. Robinson Library, dated from 1946 to 1950. The photos capture the Robert H. Robinson Library building, staff, and various events.","Black and white photograph of Sara Murphy Carr sitting at her desk in the Robert Robinson Branch of Alexandria Library. Carr has short, dark hair and is wearing a light-colored blazer and a dark-colored top underneath. She looks directly at the camera from a chair behind her wooden desk, which is topped with file folders, a box of catalog cards, a folded newspaper, and other items. Behind her is a cart filled books and behind her further are filled bookshelves, some are topped with more books or other décor. The photo is dated c.1948. Photo previously labeled as #494","Black and white photograph of Sara Murphy Carr posing for a picture in the doorway of the Robert Robinson Library. Carr has short, dark hair and is wearing a light-color jacket, dark-colored top, light-colored knee length skirt, with dark-colored shoes. She stands facing the camera and seems to have her hand on the knob of the front door that is slightly ajar behind her. A stoop and front step lead up to the front of the brick building and above the white trimmed door is a sign that reads \"Robert Robinson Library\" in dark letters. The photo is dated c.1948. Photo previously labeled as #495","Black and white candid photograph taken outside the Robert Robinson Library as Miss Bracie enters the building. Facing the front of the library, the photo captures a woman, identified as Miss Bracie, stepping up to the front door of the building. With her back to the camera, Miss Bracie wears a light-colored jacket and skirt, a much lighter-colored hat with black sash, and carries a dark-colored hand bag. The building, made of brick with a dark-colored metal roof, has one brick chimney on the left side and four narrow windows that are evenly separated by the white trimmed front door. Above the front door, just under an outdoor light, is a sign that reads \"Robert Robinson Library\" in dark letters. A cement walkway leads up to the door and is bordered on either side by shrubbery and grass. The photo is dated c.1950. Photo previously labeled as #496","Black and white photograph of Story Hour at Robert Robinson Library. Robinson Librarian Minnie N. Fuller, sits and reads to twelve children who either sit in chairs or kneel on the carpeted floor in front of her. Fuller has short, dark hair and is wearing a light-colored dress with light-colored shoes. Her head is tilted down and away from the camera as she reads the book and the children, both boys and girls, are turned to face her. Behind the children are three windows that have their blinds open. The photo is dated 1950. Photo previously labeled as #497","Black and white photograph of a group of men and women, presumably attending an event, at the Robert H. Robinson Library. Posed in two rows, nine women and three men are pictured together with some looking directly at the camera and others facing in different directions. All are dressed up, with the women in dresses and dress hats and the men in suits. One clergyman stands in the second row and is dressed in a clerical collar. One woman is identified as Alexandria Library Director Ellen Coolidge Burke (first row, second from the left) and she is dressed in a dark jacket, light-colored shirt, light-colored skirt, and dark-colored hat. Behind the group is a wall with a bookshelf and closed door. The photo is dated 1950. Photo previously labeled #498","Black and white candid photograph taken of Story Hour at Robert Robinson Library. Twenty-three children, listen as Robinson Librarian Sara Murphy Carr reads a picture book. Carr is wearing a light-colored outfit and dark-colored shoes. Her hair has been tied back away from her face and she looks down at the open book through her glasses. Many of the children have realized they are being photographed and have turned to face the camera, but a few have their gazes turned elsewhere. The space where the group sits is lined on three sides by filled bookshelves, some topped with more books or other décor. The photo is dated April 1946. Photo previously labeled as #499","Black and white photo of the 10th Anniversary of the Robert H. +Robinson Library. Seated in five rows, a group of men and women, some young and some old, pose for a picture inside the Robert Robinson Library. Not everyone looks directly at the camera, but all are dressed professionally. Some women can be seen wearing hats and dress gloves while the men can be seen in suit and tie. One clergyman sits in the back dressed in his clerical collar. Behind the group, the walls are lined with bookshelves that have been decorated with original art work of varying sizes. The photo is dated 1950. Photo previously labeled as #500","This sub-series contains records documenting the branches and divisions of the Alexandria Library system including the construction of the branches and information regarding their operations. The branches represented here include the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library, the James M. Duncan Branch Library, the Ellen Coolidge Burke Branch Library, the Robert H. Robinson Library, the \"New Branch\" (later known as the Charles E. Beatley, Jr. Central Library), the Special Services Division, and the Lloyd House (later known as Local History and Special Collections).","This folder contains miscellaneous records pertaining to the construction of the building addition to the Kate Waller Barrett branch of Alexandria Library in 1954. Documents include copies of contracts, proof of insurance, and other notes and correspondence related to the proposed addition to the Barrett branch.","This folder contains records pertaining to the construction specifications for the building addition to the Kate Waller Barrett branch of Alexandria Library in 1954. Documents include the Specifications report, prepared by the Alexandria Library Board, detailing the proposed requirements for the construction of the addition to the Barrett branch.","This folder contains financial records pertaining to the construction of the building addition to the Kate Waller Barrett branch of Alexandria Library in 1954. Documents include copies of vendor invoices, reports of money spent, and other related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to the process of selecting bids for which construction agency would carry out the construction of the building addition to the Kate Waller Barrett branch of Alexandria Library in 1954. Documents include copies of proposals, meeting minutes, press material, and other related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to monthly reports regarding the Robert Robinson branch of Alexandria Library, dating from December 1947 to December 1951. Documents include monthly reports on branch statistics, yearly fiscal report, discard lists, and other related notes.","This folder contains records pertaining to monthly reports regarding the Robert Robinson branch of Alexandria Library, dating from January 1952 to December 1955. Documents include monthly reports on branch statistics, and other related notes.","This folder contains records pertaining to monthly reports regarding the Robert Robinson branch of Alexandria Library, dating from January 1956 to May 1959. Documents include monthly reports on branch statistics, and other related notes.","This series is currently being processed and is not yet available for research use. Please contact Local History / Special Collections staff for more details.","This sub-series is currently being processed and is not yet available for research use. Please contact Local History / Special Collections staff for more details.","This sub-series is currently being processed and is not yet available for research use. Please contact Local History / Special Collections staff for more details.","This sub-series is currently being processed and is not yet available for research use. Please contact Local History / Special Collections staff for more details.","This sub-series is currently being processed and is not yet available for research use. Please contact Local History / Special Collections staff for more details.","This sub-series contains web-published resources that were created by, or are directly related to, the Alexandria Library in Alexandria, Virginia. This includes the Library website, Library social media accounts, Library blog, and the websites of Library friends' groups.","Website of the Alexandria Library in Alexandria, Virginia","Facebook account of the Alexandria Library in Alexandria, Virginia","Instagram account of the Alexandria Library in Alexandria, Virginia","Twitter account of the Alexandria Library in Alexandria, Virginia","Youtube account of the Alexandria Library in Alexandria, Virginia","Alexandria Library's blog which focuses on adult programs, events, and services including news and updates about the Library's collection, services, resources, and programs for adults","Online donation portal for the Alexandria Library Foundation, Inc. The Alexandria Library Foundation is a non-profit organization which provides funding for the Alexandria Library System in Alexandria, Virginia","Website of the Friends of the Beatley Central Library in Alexandria, Virginia. The Friends are a volunteer organizations which works to promote the interests and programs of the Library","Website of the Friends of Duncan Library. The Friends are a volunteer organization that supports the operations of the Duncan Branch Library, located in the Del Ray neighborhood of Alexandria, Virginia","Intranet website for Alexandria Library staff"],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials relating to the Alexandria Library Board have been moved from MS098 to the Alexandria Library Board Records (MS416).\u003c/p\u003e"],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["Materials relating to the Alexandria Library Board have been moved from MS098 to the Alexandria Library Board Records (MS416)."],"names_coll_ssim":["Alexandria Library Company","Alexandria Library Association (1897-1937)","Alexandria Library Society (1937-1953)","Burke, Ellen Coolidge","Duncan, James M., Jr. (James Morton), 1897-1967","Barrett, Kate Waller, Dr., 1858-1925","Beatley, Charles E., Jr., 1916-2003","Robinson, Robert Henry, Rev. (1824-1909)"],"names_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Alexandria Library (Alexandria, Va.)","Alexandria Library Company","Alexandria Library Association (1897-1937)","Alexandria Library Society (1937-1953)","Burke, Ellen Coolidge","Duncan, James M., Jr. (James Morton), 1897-1967","Barrett, Kate Waller, Dr., 1858-1925","Beatley, Charles E., Jr., 1916-2003","Robinson, Robert Henry, Rev. (1824-1909)"],"corpname_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Alexandria Library (Alexandria, Va.)","Alexandria Library Company","Alexandria Library Association (1897-1937)","Alexandria Library Society (1937-1953)"],"persname_ssim":["Burke, Ellen Coolidge","Duncan, James M., Jr. (James Morton), 1897-1967","Barrett, Kate Waller, Dr., 1858-1925","Beatley, Charles E., Jr., 1916-2003","Robinson, Robert Henry, Rev. (1824-1909)"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":523,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T03:59:46.615Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_157_c01_c02"}},{"id":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_157_c01_c04","type":"Subseries","attributes":{"title":"1.4: History, Programming, and Outreach","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_157_c01_c04#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis sub-series contains materials of mixed formats documenting the history of the Library and its programming and outreach work. Documents include scrapbooks, posters, news clippings, correspondence, administrative documents, event programs, and photographs.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_157_c01_c04#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_157_c01_c04","ref_ssm":["vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_157_c01_c04"],"id":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_157_c01_c04","ead_ssi":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_157","_root_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_157","_nest_parent_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_157_c01","parent_ssi":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_157_c01","parent_ssim":["vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_157","vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_157_c01"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_157","vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_157_c01"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Alexandria Library Records (MS098)","Series 1: Founding and 20th Century Records"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Alexandria Library Records (MS098)","Series 1: Founding and 20th Century Records"],"text":["Alexandria Library Records (MS098)","Series 1: Founding and 20th Century Records","1.4: History, Programming, and Outreach","This sub-series contains materials of mixed formats documenting the history of the Library and its programming and outreach work. Documents include scrapbooks, posters, news clippings, correspondence, administrative documents, event programs, and photographs."],"title_filing_ssi":"1.4: History, Programming, and Outreach","title_ssm":["1.4: History, Programming, and Outreach"],"title_tesim":["1.4: History, Programming, and Outreach"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1937-1994"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1937/1994"],"normalized_title_ssm":["1.4: History, Programming, and Outreach"],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["Alexandria Library"],"collection_ssim":["Alexandria Library Records (MS098)"],"extent_ssm":["1.22 Cubic Feet"],"extent_tesim":["1.22 Cubic Feet"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":25,"level_ssm":["Subseries"],"level_ssim":["Subseries"],"sort_isi":290,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection is open for research. Public access to some confidential personnel records is restricted, these materials are noted as such."],"date_range_isim":[1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994],"otherfindaid_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\n  \u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|73f914f5-6412-43c7-983d-dec481f0f04b/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"otherfindaid_heading_ssm":["Digital Materials"],"otherfindaid_tesim":["Click to view digital materials in this collection"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis sub-series contains materials of mixed formats documenting the history of the Library and its programming and outreach work. Documents include scrapbooks, posters, news clippings, correspondence, administrative documents, event programs, and photographs.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Sub-Series Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This sub-series contains materials of mixed formats documenting the history of the Library and its programming and outreach work. Documents include scrapbooks, posters, news clippings, correspondence, administrative documents, event programs, and photographs."],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#3","timestamp":"2026-05-21T03:59:46.615Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_157","ead_ssi":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_157","_root_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_157","_nest_parent_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_157","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/ALEX/repositories_2_resources_157.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://alexlibraryva.libraryhost.com/repositories/2/resources/157","title_ssm":["Alexandria Library Records (MS098)"],"title_tesim":["Alexandria Library Records (MS098)"],"unitdate_ssm":["1937-2013"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1937-2013"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS098","/repositories/2/resources/157"],"text":["MS098","/repositories/2/resources/157","Alexandria Library Records (MS098)","Alexandria (Va.)","Alexandria (Va.). Library","Public libraries.","Collection is open for research. Public access to some confidential personnel records is restricted, these materials are noted as such.","This folder contains confidential personnel records. Public access and use of these materials is restricted for 75 years from the date of creation of the document.","This site is only accessible to Alexandria Library staff and is not available for public research use.","This finding aid describes and documents the updated arrangement of this collection as of 2023. Previously, the collection was organized into the following series: By Laws, Charters, and Agreements; Board; Annual Reports; Administration; Circulation; Construction; History; Publicity; Scrapbooks; Workshops; Queen/Barrett; Robert Robinson; Special Services; and Lloyd House. \"By-Laws, Charters, and Agreements\" and \"Administration\" have been combined into the new Subseries 1.2. Administration and Finance. \"History,\" \"Publicity,\" \"Scrapbooks,\" \"Workshops,\" and \"Photographs\" have been combined into the new Subseries 1.4. History, Programming, and Outreach. \"Construction,\" \"Queen/Barrett,\" \"Robert Robinson,\" \"Special Services,\" and \"Lloyd House,\" have been combined into the new Subseries 1.5. Branch Records.","The \"Board\" series has been separated from MS098 and combined with other records to form a new, separate collection of Alexandria Library Board Records.","The physical and intellectual arrangement of the Alexandria Library Records (MS098) has been updated a few times over the years, while remaining accessible to the public. Thus, the decision was made to maintain, as much as appropriate, the current order of the pre-existing collection as Series 1: Founding and 20th Century Records; and Series 2: 21st Century Records includes the new accretions to the collection as of 2023. Future accretions to this collection will either be added to Series 2 or form a new series.","Series 1. Founding and 20th Century Records, 1937-2005\n Subseries 1.1. Annual Reports Subseries 1.2. Administration and Finance Subseries 1.3. Circulation Records Subseries 1.4. History, Programming, and Outreach Subseries 1.5. Branch Records Series 2. 21st Century Records, 1994-present\n Subseries 2.1. Annual Reports Subseries 2.2. Administration and Finance Subseries 2.3. Branch Records Subseries 2.4. Programming and Outreach Subseries 2.5. Web Archives","Founded as a subscription library in 1794 and serving as the public library of Alexandria, Virginia since 1937 – Alexandria Library has a long legacy of supporting early literacy and lifelong learning in our diverse community. The Alexandria Library builds community through its six branches by providing opportunities to learn, explore, create, and connect.","The Alexandria Library Company (ALC) was founded on July 24, 1794 and operated a subscription library for nearly 150 years. In 1937, the ALC entered an agreement with the City of Alexandria and their collections formed the foundation of the city's first free public library. Since then, the Alexandria Library has grown into a system of six branches which serve the community of Alexandria, Virginia. ","The Kate Waller Barrett Library opened its doors on Queen Street in 1937; this was the first location of the Alexandria Library. It was named after Dr. Kate Waller Barrett – local humanitarian, social crusader, and political reformer. The Society of Friends granted a 99-year lease for use of its old Quaker Burial Ground on Queen Street as the site for the new public library building. This library has undergone several renovations and expansions over the years, in 1954, 1964, and 1993. When the Charles E. Beatley, Jr. Central Library was built, the Barrett Library shifted from being the main library to its current role as a branch library which serves residents of Old Town Alexandria and surrounding neighborhoods.","The Robert Robinson Library, named for a grandson of one of George Washington's slaves, opened in 1940 to serve black residents of Alexandria. The establishment of this new branch library was motivated by a civil rights demonstration and lawsuit brought against the Library and the City of Alexandria. The earliest known civil rights sit-in was held at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library in 1939. Alexandria Attorney Samuel W. Tucker and five young African American men demonstrated this act of civil disobedience after being denied library cards. The Sit-In and following legal action resulted in the establishment of a new branch of the library to provide \"separate but equal\" library services to black residents. However, this new library branch never received the same support or funding as the main library and was never able to provide fully equitable services to the local African American community. The Alexandria Library officially integrated for adults in 1959, and for children in 1962. The Robert Robinson Library closed in 1962 and the building is now the site of the Alexandria Black History Museum.  More details about the 1939 sit-in and integration of Alexandria Library, as well as links to additional resources can be found on our website.","The Ellen Coolidge Burke Branch Library opened on Seminary Road in 1968. This branch library was named after Ellen Coolidge Burke (1901-1975), who served as Director of the Alexandria Library from 1948 to 1969. The Burke Branch Library serves residents of the Seminary Hill neighborhood and surrounding areas. ","The James M. Duncan, Jr. Branch Library opened on Commonwealth Avenue in 1969. The Duncan Branch Library serves residents of the Del Ray neighborhood and surrounding areas. This branch was named after James M. Duncan (1897-1967), who served as Chief of the Alexandria Fire Department 1924-1947, member of City Council 1949-1967, and member of the Alexandria Library Board 1950-1967. In 2005 the Duncan Branch Library underwent renovations and became the first City of Alexandria government building to have a \"living\" roof – a Green Infrastructure approach to reducing stormwater runoff and pollution in local waterways. ","The Local History / Special Collections Branch was established in 1976 and first housed at Lloyd House, a historic home on the corner of Queen and North Washington Streets. In 1999, after completion of the most recent round of renovations and expansions, Local History / Special Collections moved into the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library. Local History / Special Collections stewards many valuable resources documenting the history and culture of Alexandria and Virginia from the colonial period to the present.","The Charles E. Beatley, Jr. Central Library opened on Duke Street in 2000. This new central library was named after former mayor of Alexandria, Charles E. \"Chuck\" Beatley, Jr. (1916-2003). Upon completion of the new main library site, library adminstration offices were moved from the Barrett Library (formerly the central library) to the Beatley Library.","In 2015 the Library took over management of the Alexandria Law Library, located in the basement of the Alexandria Circuit Court on King Street. The Alexandria Law Library provides legal resources for the benefit of the entire Alexandria community, including its citizens, government agencies, local businesses, the judiciary, and members of the bar.","For a more detailed timeline of the history of Alexandria Library, check out our website.","Alexandria Library Board Records\n Alexandria Library Company Records (MS002)","This collection contains the records of the Alexandria Library, documenting the administration and operation of the Library, dating from the founding of the public library in 1937 through the present. Included are administrative records, annual reports, financial records, circulation records, materials documenting the history of the Library, programming and outreach records, and records of the individual branches of the library system. Formats include textual documents, photographs, and ephemera.","The Alexandria Library is an active organization, and so this collection is a living collection which will be periodically added to and updated. Check this collection guide for any future updates to the collection. ","This series contains materials documenting the Alexandria Library, from its founding as a public library in 1937 through the early 2000s. The majority of documents in this series pertain to the decades between 1950 and 2000. These records document the administration and operations of the Library and its individual branches, as well as materials documenting the history of the Alexandria Library. Documents include annual reports, financial records, correspondence, project files, and other administrative documentation. Also included in this series are ephemera and realia, photographs and other graphic materials, and some oversized materials.","This sub-series contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, as well as its individual branches. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1938 through 1942. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1943 through 1946. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1947 through 1948. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1949 through 1950. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1951 through 1953. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1954 through 1956. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1957 through 1959. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1960 through 1961. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1964. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence.","This sub-series contains administrative and financial records of the Alexandria Library. Documents include correspondence, budgets and other financial records, affirmative action records, bylaws and agreements, official city proclamations, gift records, and other administrative materials.","This folder contains records pertaining to administrative and financial dealings of the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1937 through the 1950s. Documents include final copies of bylaws, charters, and agreements as well as draft documents, reference materials, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to administrative and financial dealings of the Alexandria Library system, dating from the 1950s through the 1992. Documents include final copies of bylaws, charters, and agreements as well as draft documents, reference materials, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to the Affirmative Action plan put in place for the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1975.","This folder contains records pertaining to the Affirmative Action policy used to create an Affirmative Action plan for the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1976.","This folder contains records pertaining to the Affirmative Action plans for the City of Alexandria, dating from 1976 and 1980. Documents include final Affirmative Action plans from both 1976 and 1980.","This folder contains records pertaining to the Affirmative Action plans for the Alexandria Public Library, dating from 1978 through 1982. Documents include reference material used to create the Affirmative Action plans including OSHA Recordkeeping guidelines and guidelines from the Department of Equal Employment Opportunity for the City of Alexandria. Other documents include Alexandria Public Library's Affirmative Action goals, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to the Affirmative Action reports for the Alexandria Public Library system, dating from 1974 through 1976. Documents include final Affirmative Action and Equal Employment Opportunity reports, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to the Affirmative Action reports for the Alexandria Public Library system, dating from 1977 through 1980. Documents include final Affirmative Action and Equal Employment Opportunity reports, sample forms, reference materials, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to the Affirmative Action reports for the Alexandria Public Library system, dating from 1981 through 1987. Documents include final Affirmative Action and Equal Employment Opportunity reports, sample forms, membership reports, reference materials, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to the Budget for the Alexandria Public Library system, dated from 1938 through 1944. Documents include draft material, proposed yearly budgets, final budget reports, press related to the budget, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to the Budget for the Alexandria Public Library system, dated from 1945 through 1948. Documents include draft material, proposed yearly budgets, final budget reports, press related to the budget, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to the Budget for the Alexandria Public Library system, dated from 1949 through 1951. Documents include proposed yearly budgets, final budget reports, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to the Budget for the Alexandria Public Library system, dated from 1951 through 1953. Documents include draft material, proposed yearly budgets, final budget reports, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to the Budget for the Alexandria Public Library system, dated from 1953 through 1955. Documents include draft material, proposed yearly budgets, final budget reports, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to the Budget for the Alexandria Public Library system, dated from 1955 through 1959. Documents include draft material, proposed yearly budgets, final budget reports, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to the Budget for the Alexandria Public Library system, dated from 1955 through 1959. Documents include , proposed yearly budgets, final budget reports, reference materials, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to the budget for the City of Alexandria's City Planning and Capital Improvement programs in regard to the Alexandria Public Library system, dated from 1950 through 1961. Documents include final budget reports, proposed budgets, proposed building projects, draft material, reference material, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to Rules, Regulations, and Review articles for the Alexandria Public Library system, dated from 1937 through 1955. Documents include inquiries regarding librarian salaries of other Virginia public libraries, proposed rules and regulations for Alexandria Public Library, final rules and regulations for Alexandria Public Library, meeting minutes, library directories, press regarding the library, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains a 2014 copy of the introduced House Joint Resolution No. 418 which details the historical significance of the 1939 Alexandria Library Sit-in to the House of Delegates, Mayor of Alexandria, and General Assembly and proposes that this information be conveyed at an upcoming ceremony.","This folder contains records pertaining to correspondence to and from Alexandria Library, dated from 1937 through 1951. Documents included correspondence, press regarding Alexandria Public Library, proposals for the planning and construction of the Robert Robinson Library, and other related notes.","This folder contains records pertaining to correspondence to and from Alexandria Library, dated from 1952 through 1961. Documents include written correspondence, meeting and presentation notes, book acquisitions and acquisition proposals, and other related notes.","This folder contains records pertaining to the professional and nonprofessional duties within public libraries set forth by the American Library Association, dated from 1948. Documents include the preliminary draft of the Descriptive List of Professional and Nonprofessional Duties in Libraries handbook.","This folder contains records pertaining to position descriptions and pay plans for Virginia public libraries, dated from 1950. Documents include a guidebook detailing all positions available with Virginia public libraries, their position descriptions, and recommended qualifications.","This folder contains records pertaining to \"Position Classification and Salary Administration in Libraries\", dated from 1951. Documents include a handbook titled \"Position Classification and Salary Administration in Libraries\", written by the American Library Association, detailing guides and standards for library administrative staff to utilize when creating administrative plans.","This folder contains records pertaining to information and guidelines for new City of Alexandria employees, dated from 1950 to 1986. Documents include guidebooks detailing fundamental information regarding being employed by the City of Alexandria, code of ethics, and guidelines for managers to effectively communicate employee evaluations.","This sub-series contains records documenting circulation statistics of the Library.","This folder contains records pertaining to circulation statistics for the Alexandria Library system, dated from 1937 through 1940. Documents include overall number of books circulated during a given year and ledgers detailing the number and genre of Adult books circulated each day of the year that the library was open to the public.","This folder contains records pertaining to circulation statistics for the Alexandria Library system, dated from 1937 through 1940. Documents include ledgers detailing the number and genre of Children's books circulated each day of the year that the library was open to the public.","This folder contains records pertaining to circulation statistics for the Alexandria Library system, dated from 1941 through 1942. Documents include ledgers detailing the number and genre of Adult and Children's books circulated each day of the year that the library was open to the public.","This folder contains records pertaining to circulation statistics for the Alexandria Library system, dated from 1943 through 1944. Documents include ledgers detailing the number and genre of Adult and Children's books circulated each day of the year that the library was open to the public.","This folder contains records pertaining to circulation statistics for the Alexandria Library system, dated from 1944 through 1949. Documents include ledgers detailing the number and genre of Adult and Children's books circulated each day of the year that the library was open to the public.","This folder contains records pertaining to circulation statistics for the Alexandria Library system, dated from 1949 through 1953. Documents include ledgers detailing the number and genre of Adult and Children's books circulated each day of the year that the library was open to the public.","This folder contains records pertaining to circulation statistics for the Alexandria Library system, dated from 1949. Documents include ledgers detailing the number and genre of Adult and Children's books circulated each day of the year that the library was open to the public.","This folder contains records pertaining to circulation statistics for the Alexandria Library system, dated from 1944 through 1946. Documents include ledgers detailing the number and genre of Adult and Children's books circulated each day of the year that the library was open to the public.","This sub-series contains materials of mixed formats documenting the history of the Library and its programming and outreach work. Documents include scrapbooks, posters, news clippings, correspondence, administrative documents, event programs, and photographs.","This folder contains materials pertaining to Alexandria Library history, dating from 1957-1961. Documents include newspaper clippings from various local newspapers, event photos, correspondence, and other related notes.","This folder contains records pertaining to the history of Alexandria Library, dated from c. 1960. Documents include notes, correspondence, and copies of newspaper articles relating to the library.","This folder contains records pertaining to the history of Alexandria Library. Documents include copies of events schedules, event programs, summaries of the library's history, copies of newspaper articles relating to the library, and other related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to the history of Alexandria Library, dated from 1937 through 1947. Documents include newspaper clippings that detail library history, press, and publicity.","This folder contains records pertaining to the history of Alexandria Library, dated from 1955 through 1973. Documents include newspaper clippings that detail library history, press, and publicity.","This folder contains records pertaining to the history of Alexandria Library, dated from 1936 through 1954. Documents include summaries of the library's history, copies of newspaper articles relating to the library, and other related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to the history of Alexandria Library, dated from 1945 through 1985. Documents include copies of newspaper articles relating to the library, and other related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to publicity correspondence for Alexandria Library, dated from c. 1954-1986. Documents include correspondence relating to proposed exhibits, cosmetic changes to library branches, research inquiries, proof of membership, thank-you messages, plans for library news releases, and other related notes.","This folder contains records pertaining to press releases for Alexandria Library, dated from 1947-1986. Documents include drafts of news releases, draft 5-year plan documents, descriptions of upcoming library programs, mock-ups for news articles relating to the library, and other related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to events related to Alexandria Library, dated from 1954 through 1992. Documents include programs from library events and other notes and correspondence.","This folder contains biographical research materials about James M. Duncan, Jr. (the namesake of the Duncan Branch) which were collected by branch managers of Duncan Branch. Materials include notes, newsclippings, and photocopies of newsclippings.","This folder contains photographs of the 1995 ribbon cutting ceremony celebrating the re-opening of the Kate Waller Barrett Branch after renovations.","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Eight people, presumed to be library officials, stand on the main floor of the Barrett Branch in front of a seated audience, in the midst of a ribbon cutting ceremony. The smiling officials cutting the red ribbon, who include six men and two women, are dressed professionally and each holds their own pair of scissors. Behind them are shelves of library books and a set of stairs that lead up to the second floor of the library. The seated audience of men and women watches as the ceremony proceeds. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #402","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Eight people, presumed to be library officials, stand on the main floor of the Barrett Branch in front of a seated audience, in the midst of a ribbon cutting ceremony. The officials, who include six men and two women, have not yet cut the red ribbon and are dressed professionally. Each of the eight officials holds their own pair of scissors. Behind them are shelves of library books and a set of stairs that up to the second floor of the library. The seated audience of men and women watches as the ceremony proceeds. The photograph is dated September 10th, 1995. Photo previously labeled #403","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. This candid photo of men and women milling around the first floor of the Barrett Branch was taken, presumably, after the conclusion of the ceremony. Some of the people pictured are in conversation with one another, while others are taking in their surroundings. In the foreground is a podium framed on either side by yellow flowers and an American flag. In the background are library books shelves and a set of stairs that lead up to the second floor of the library. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #404","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. This candid photo was taken amidst a crowd of people attending the ceremony on the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library. The men and women of various ages stand milling around the space. Some are in conversation with one another while others look in many directions, taking in their surroundings. Visible in the background is the entrance to the library that consists of floor to ceiling windows allowing natural daylight to stream in. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #405","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. The photo is of several people standing around on the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library. The three men and one woman in the foreground are in conversation with each other but only the two men on the right have realized the group is being photographed. The two men on the right are looking at the camera and smiling, while the women is still speaking and the third man is looking to his right with his back to the photographer. In the background are other people, some in conversation and some not, as well as empty chairs set up against filled bookshelves. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #406","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. A large audience of men and women have filled the main floor of the Barrett Branch, presumably watching as the ceremony unfolds. Some of the people are sitting in the middle of the space while the rest of the crowd have filled the available standing room, even standing in the sunlight filled entrance vestibule, at the back of the room, to catch a glimpse through the floor to ceiling windows. Regardless of placement, almost all the audience members have their attentions set on the events happening behind the camera, just out of frame. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #407","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Two women stand posing for a picture, on the main floor of the Barrett Branch, presumably after the conclusion of the ceremony. With their arms around each other, the woman on the left looks directly at the camera while the women on the right smiles at something out of frame on the left. In the background are more people, men and women, milling around the large indoor space. Some are in conversation with one another and others are simply moving about the space. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #409","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. The photo is of two smiling men and a young child posing for a picture together. On the left, the young child stands holding the hand of the man in the middle who has brown hair and mustache, is wearing glasses and is dressed in a dark-colored suit with a white shirt and red patterned tie. The man on the right, who stands with his hand on the shoulder of the man in the middle, has white hair and is wearing glasses and a dark-colored suit with a white shirt and blue tie. All three stand under a half visible, gold-framed, painted portrait of Kate Waller Barrett that is hanging on the wall behind them. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #410","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Three men and two children stand posing for a picture together. The three men are all wearing dark-colored suits with light-colored shirts and ties. The two children, one boy and one girl, stand in front of the men in the middle and on the right. The boy wears a light-colored button-down shirt and striped dress pants while the girl wears a striped, long-sleeve dress with black tights and black shoes with pink shoelaces. All five smile at the camera as they pose under a gold-framed, painted portrait of Kate Waller Barrett. The woman in the portrait has her white hair tied back in a bun and sits, posed in profile, and is wearing dark-colored clothes, with floral accents. A gold cross pendant hangs from her neck and a brooch is pinned to her chest. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #411","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. A woman stands posing for a picture with the portrait of Kate Waller Barrett hanging near the entrance of the Barrett Branch Library. The woman, dressed in a red blazer and skirt, smiles as she looks to left at something just out of frame. She stands below the gold-framed, painted portrait of Kate Waller Barrett. In the portrait, Kate Waller Barrett has her white hair tied back into a bun and sits, posed in profile, wearing dark-colored clothes, with floral accents. A gold cross pendant hangs from her neck and a brooch is pinned to her chest. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #412","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Three men and two children stand posing for a picture together under the portrait of Kate Waller Barrett that hangs near the entrance of the Barrett Branch Library. The man on the left has white hair and is wearing glasses, a dark-colored suit, a light-colored shirt and blue tie. He has his hand on the shoulder of the little girl to the right of him who wears a striped long-sleeve dress with black tights and black shoes with pink laces. The little girl holds the hand of the man in the middle who wears a dark-colored suit with a light-colored shirt and dark patterned tie. Next to him, on the right, stands the little boy who wears a light-colored button-down shirt and striped dress pants. The little boy holds the hand of the last man on the right who has brown hair and mustache, glasses, and wears a dark-colored suit with a light-colored shirt and red patterned tie. All five stand beneath the gold-framed, painted portrait of Kate Waller Barrett who has her white hair tied back into a bun. She sits, posed in profile, and is wearing dark-colored clothes, with floral accents, with a gold cross pendant hanging from her neck and a brooch pinned to her chest. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #413","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. The candid photograph is of four men standing in front of the portrait of Kate Waller Barrett that hangs near the entrance to the library. The two men on the left are greeting each other and the two men on the right are standing separately both looking in opposite directions towards things just out of frame. All the men are dressed in suits and ties and three out of four are wearing glasses. The leftmost man is holding multiple pairs of scissors and the second man from the right is holding an event program. Behind them, hanging on the wall is the gold-framed, painted portrait of Kate Waller Barrett who has white hair tied back into a bun and sits, posed in profile, wearing dark-colored clothes, with floral accents, with a gold cross pendant hanging from her neck and a brooch pinned to her chest. Also in the background, off to the left, is a child, seemingly in motion, appearing blurry in the photograph. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #414","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. The candid photograph is of a group of men and women standing around a table of computers on the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library. On the round table there are four white computers, each with their own keyboard and mouse. Two of the computers are in use, one by a man in dark dress pants and white shirt and the other by two people, a woman and young man, working together. In the background are other people milling about as well as library bookshelves and a set of stairs leading to the second floor of the library. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #415","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. The candid photograph is of two groups of men and women, some sitting and some standing, inside of the library presumably before the ceremony begins. To left is a group of seated people, partially blocked from view by a desk, and to the right is a group of men standing together in conversation. Between the two groups sits a small stage with an American flag, bordered at the front by small pots of yellow flowers. In the background are rows of both tall and short bookshelves in front of a glass-front room. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #416","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of two women and one man standing in conversation with one another. The two women are both in light-colored dresses and the woman on the right faces away from the camera and carries a purse. The man wears glasses and is dressed in a light-colored suit with a white dress shirt and patterned tie. The woman on the left looks across to the woman on the right as she and the man in the middle are looking at each other. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #417","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of men and women milling about inside the Barrett Branch. The people in the foreground seem to be in conversation with each other while others are having separate conversations in the background. The photo is being taken from behind a bookshelf decorated with a potted plant whose leaves have just started to come in to frame on the right side of the photo. Behind the people are more bookshelves, decorated with flowers, and a glass-front room. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #418","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photo of four men, one woman, and two children. Every person pictured is looking in a different direction, some seeming to be moving towards different parts of the room and appearing blurry in the photo. All of the men are dressed in suits, the woman wears a pink buttoned jacket, the little boy wears a light-color button-down, and the little girl wears a striped long-sleeve dress. Behind them on the wall hangs a gold-framed, painted portrait of Kate Waller Barrett who has white hair tied back into a bun and sits, posed in profile, wearing dark-colored clothes, with floral accents. A gold cross pendant is hanging from her neck and a brooch is pinned to her chest. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #419","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. The photo is of the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library. In the library stands many men, women, and children milling about the space. Some are in conversation with one another, while others take in their surroundings or speak to people sitting behind the circulation desk to the left of the photo. To the right of the photo is the beginning of a staircase that leads to the second floor of the library. Visible from the balcony, the second floor is filled with bookshelves. In the background, on the lower level, stands a small stage and podium framed by small pots of yellow flowers and an American flag as well as a glass-front room whose windows are letting in bright daylight. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #420","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. The photo is of the main floor of the Barrett Branch and there are men and women milling around in the space, some in conversation with one another and others taking in their surroundings. On the right side of the picture, some of the people stand in front of the circulation desk, decorated with pots of yellow and orange flowers. On the left side of the picture are some glass display cases displaying open books. In the background are the floor to ceiling windows of the entrance vestibule that are providing bright, natural light to the room. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #421","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Pictured is a large audience of men and women on the main floor of the Barrett Branch. Some of the people are sitting in the middle of the room while the rest of the crowd have begun filling in the available standing room, even standing in the sunlight filled entrance vestibule, at the back of the crowd, to catch a glimpse through the floor to ceiling windows. Regardless of placement, almost all the audience members have their attentions set on the events happening behind the camera, just out of frame. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #422","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a group of men and women, of differing ages, standing around a table of computers. At the round table, there are two people with their backs to the camera sharing the same computer, to their right is one woman at the next computer, and the next computer has a group of four sharing the same computer. In the foreground is a shelf that has been decorated with a pot of flowers, that have taken up the left side of the picture. In the background, behind the group of people at the computers is glass-front room and a few people within. Inside the room are bookshelves on the left wall and tables and chairs filling the middle. The windows on the back wall have had their blinds drawn to shade the interior from the bright daylight shining through. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #423","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of some people, both men and women, looking at the available materials on the bookshelves around them on the second floor of the Barrett Branch Library. Some of the men and women are browsing the shelves while others have begun reading their chosen materials. In the foreground are shorter bookshelves, with one man crouching to get a better look at the offerings on the bottom shelf. In the background are taller bookshelves, that almost reach from floor to ceiling. Behind the taller bookshelves are some tables and chairs that have been backlit by the daylight coming through the windows on the back wall. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #424","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a seated audience facing a group of people who seem like library officials seated at the front of the room. The seated audience is facing away from the camera and the group of men and women at the front of the room are applauding in welcome to the man who is standing at the front of the room. He has brown hair and mustache, is wearing glasses and a grey suit with dark tie. Off to the right of the photo is a staircase that leads to the second floor whose balcony sits above the group of clapping men and women. Behind them stands bookshelves, completely filled, that almost reach from floor to ceiling. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #425","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a woman speaking to an audience from an elevated podium. The woman, dressed in a red blazer and white shirt, is looking through her glasses out over the audience. Behind her is both short and tall bookshelves, as well as a wall of glass, and to the left stands an American flag. The woman at the podium stands below the second-floor balcony of the Barrett Branch where three musicians sit with music stands in front of them and bookshelves at their back. In the foreground, somewhat blocking the view of the seated audience, is the circulation desk topped with stacks of paper. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #426","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a seated audience, extending out of frame, who have their attention on a man speaking from an elevated podium. The man at podium, dressed in a dark-colored suit with a white shirt and red tie, is looking down at the podium through his glasses. Behind the podium are rows of book shelves, both short and tall with some decorated with flowers, as well as a glass-front room. The man at the podium stands beneath the second-floor balcony of the Barrett Branch Library. Visible through the balcony's railing are filled bookshelves. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #427","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a man speaking from behind a podium. The man is standing, dressed in a dark-colored suit with a white shirt and dark patterned tie, looking down at the podium through his dark tinted glasses. Behind him are rows of book shelves, both short and tall with some decorated with flowers, as well as a glass-front room. The podium stands below the second-floor balcony of the Barrett Branch Library where three chairs and two music stands are set up. The right most chair is occupied by a person in white shirt and dark pants. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #428","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a woman speaking from an elevated podium. The woman, dressed in a blue dress and matching blue jacket, looks out to an audience just out of frame and she is observed by a small panel of professionally dressed men and women, presumed to be other library officials, on the right side of the picture. The picture is being taken from behind the circulation desk, complete with computer, receipt printer, and landline phone. A pot of yellow, orange and red flowers sits atop the desk, partially blocking an American flag from view. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #429","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a woman speaking from an elevated podium in front of an audience of people that extends out of frame. The woman, dressed in a pink blazer over a dark patterned dress with a string of pearls around her neck, is looking down at the podium while the audience listens. Behind her are rows of book shelves, both short and tall with some decorated with flowers, as well as a glass-front room. The speaker and podium stand beneath an the second-floor balcony of the Barrett Branch Library, where three chairs, music stands, and musicians are seated and viewable through the balcony's railing. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #430","This folder contains photographs of the 1995 ribbon cutting ceremony celebrating the re-opening of the Kate Waller Barrett Branch after renovations.","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a man speaking to an audience, extending out of frame, from an elevated podium. The man, dressed in a dark-colored suit with white shirt and dark patterned tie, is looking down at the podium while holding up a closed book in his right hand and paper in his left hand. Behind him are rows of short and tall bookshelves, some decorated with flowers, in front of a glass-front room. Above the podium sits the second-floor balcony of the Barrett Branch Library. Through the railing, three chairs, music stands, and musicians can be seen in front of filled bookshelves. In the foreground, on the left side of the picture, is the circulation desk topped with stacks of papers. The photo is dated from 1995. Photo previously labeled #431","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a woman speaking from an elevated podium to audience, which extends out of frame. The woman is dressed in a matching blue jacket and dress, and looks out over the audience at something not visible as the audience turns to follow her gaze. To her left and right are men in dark-colored suits and ties that also follow her line-of-sight. Behind her are bookshelves, both tall and short, and a glass-front room. Above the podium is the second-floor balcony and through the railing, three chairs, music stands, and musicians can be seen in front of filled bookshelves. In the foreground, blocking some of the audience from view, is the circulation desk with a computer and piles of paper. The photo is dated from 1995. Photo previously labeled #432","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. This slightly out of focus, color candid photograph is of a woman speaking from an elevated podium to an audience that is seated just out of frame. The woman, dressed in a pink jacket over a dark, patterned dress, is bordered by a group of seated men and women, presumed to be other library officials, on the right and an American flag on the left. Above the woman at the podium is the second-floor balcony and behind her are tall bookshelves and a glass front room. The photo is being taken from behind the circulation desk which has a computer and a pot of yellow, red and orange flowers. The photo is dated from 1995. Photo previously labeled #433","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a group of men and women in conversation with each other amidst the ribbon cutting ceremony. The group consists of four men and two women, presumed to be library officials, who trade smiles and handshakes in front of a clapping audience. Some of the members of the group are still holding scissors and the pieces of red ribbon that were cut as part of the ceremony. Behind them are bookshelves that extend backward into the space. The photo is dated from 1995. Photo previously labeled #434","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a group of men and women amidst the ribbon cutting ceremony. The group consists of three men and two women, some still holding scissors and pieces of the red ribbon cut during the ceremony. The smiling woman in the middle has offered a handshake to the man to the left of her as the audience applauds them. Behind the ribbon cutters are tall and short bookshelves that extend backwards into the space. The photo is dated from 1995. Photo previously labeled #435","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photo of a group of three men and one woman, presumed to be library officials, are trading smiles and the woman offers a handshake to the man on the far left. The woman has grey hair and wears a matching blue jacket and dress. The men are dressed professionally in suits and ties. They stand in front of a small stage and podium, lined with small pots of yellow flowers and decorated by an American flag. Behind them are bookshelves, both tall and short, that extend backwards toward a glass-front room. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #436","Color photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. This candid photograph depicts several people standing behind the main circulation desk on the first floor of the Barrett Branch. In the foreground of the photo is a woman wearing a magenta dress and holding two books. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #408","Color portrait of an outdoor sign from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library after renovations were completed in 1995. On a bright, sunny day at the corner of a red-brick building sits a white sign that reads \"The 200 Block of North Columbus St. Welcomes the New Library\" and just below that it reads \"Thank You\". Propped up on a wooden easel, the sign is decorated by a single gold, metallic balloon that is moving with the wind. Behind the sign to the right are row houses and a parked car. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #441","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, a group of presumed library officials sit next to a stage and listen to the woman speaking from the podium. The woman has white hair and is dressed in a matching blue jacket and dress turns her head to welcome another woman who making her way to an empty chair among the group of officials. The woman being welcomed has tied back, brown hair and glasses and is wearing a colorful dress and black, t-strap shoes. Some of the men and women in the group of officials clap while others offer warm smiles to the approaching woman. Behind them is a small circulation desk and filled bookshelves. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #442","Color portrait photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, a group of presumed library staff stand behind the circulation desk and smile at the camera. Four women are directly behind the desk and five more seem to be coming out of the room just behind the desk. Some of the other women have realized their picture is being taken and look at the camera, while others have not and continue their conversations with one another. One man stands in front of the desk and has turned to face the camera while a final woman seems to being walking past him. Folding chairs are set up and extend out of frame and because each still has a paper program on it, it is likely the event has not yet started. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #443","Color candid photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, two group of presumed library officials both sit and stand next to a small stage. Though not all the chairs are filled, the seated group includes three women and four men, all dressed professionally, who seem to be waiting for the event to start. The standing group, consisting of three men and two women, are all in conversation with one another. The woman in the middle with white hair, blue dress and light-colored purse is speaking and the remainder of the standing group leans in to listen. Behind them is the stage, decorated with an American flag, and both tall and short bookshelves that extend out of frame. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #444","Color photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera aims at the circulation desk and the people that stand around it. Presumed to be library staff, four women stand together and all but one is smiling up at the camera. Other people, presumed to be library staff and officials, stand around the desk. Some are in conversation and others are looking in different directions around the room. In front of the circulation desk, extending out of frame, are rows of folding chairs each with a paper program on the seats. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #445","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Set up on the second-floor balcony of the Barrett Branch, are three female musicians in the midst of performing. All three are wearing white dress shirts and black bottoms and each sit in her own wooden chair across from sheet music on a music stand and plays from a flute. Behind them are a man and a woman in conversation leaning over the balcony railing to get a better view of what is going on the floor below. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #446","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, pictured is a man in a dark suit and tie speaking from a podium on a small elevated stage, which he shares with an American flag. Bordering the front of the stage are small pots of yellow flowers. To the left and right of the stage sit two groups of men and women, presumably library officials who have their attention on the man speaking. Behind them are rows of both tall and short bookshelves that extend back into the room and out of frame. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #447","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Men and women of varying ages stand milling around the main floor of the Barrett Branch library seeming after the conclusion of the ceremony. In the foreground, one man sits at a table with his hands on a computer keyboard and converses with the two women who are speaking to him. The woman on the left has short brown hair and wears a blue jacket and the woman on the right has short greying hair and wears a white shirt, denim bottoms, and carries a small purse. In the background is a larger group pf men and women, gathered around a table of computers. Behind are bookshelves that extend to the other side of the room where more people sit at tables in conversation. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #448","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Outside the front entrance of the Barrett Branch Library, in the shade of a tree, is a group of men and women who seem to be waiting for the library to open and for the ceremony to begin. On the front doors, illuminated by the sun, two signs read \"Re-opening\" and \"Sept. 10, 2PM\". Some of the group are sitting on the red brick retaining wall outside of the library while other stand in conversation closer to the entrance. The building is red brick, with white columns and white doors. A large, half-moon shaped windows sits atop the doors allowing natural light to fill the entrance vestibule within. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #449","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. The photo is aimed at the circulation desk where some people have begun to converse with the library staff behind the desk. In front of the desk, the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library has been filled with folding chairs where a few people have begun to sit. There are folded programs on each of the folding chairs, suggesting that the ceremony has not yet begun. On the right side of the picture are bookshelves that fill the space at the back of the main floor as well as the second floor, which is visible through the balcony railing. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #450","Color candid photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the picture is focused on the group of men and women standing against the wall behind the circulation desk. There are nine women and two men visible, dressed professionally, and most of them seem to have their attention on something happening just out of frame on the right. In front of the desk on the left is the beginnings of a seated audience and starting from the circulation desk extending out of frame across the front of the audience stretches the red ribbon that has yet to be cut. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #451","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. A group of two men, one woman, and one young man are standing in conversation with each other next to a round table that currently holds computers, of which only the keyboards and mice are visible. The young man has dark hair and wears a blue collared shirt and the woman he is next to has short brown hair and wears a blue patterned dress and carries a white purse. The two men are both dressed in dark suits with light dress shirts. The man with glasses wears a dark tie. Behind them are some table and chairs separating the group from the tall book shelves that extend out passed both sides of frame. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #452","Color candid photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, two men are pictured in conversation with each other while standing behind a podium on a small elevated stage. The men both wear suits with light-colored shirts, and the viewer is clearly able to see that the man on the left is wearing glasses and a tie. The man on the right has his back to the camera because his attention is on the other man who seems to be explaining something while pointing to something just out of sight on the left. In front of the stage are small pots of yellow flowers and beside the stage are rows of wooden chairs that have yet to be filled. Each chair has a folded program that seems to suggest the ceremony has yet to begin. Behind the men and the stage are bookshelves, both tall and short, that are filled with material. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #453","Color candid photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Pointed toward the interior entrance of the Barrett Branch, taken from the opposite end of the main floor, men and women are milling about the space presumably after the conclusion of the ribbon cutting. In the foreground are men and women using the available computers and in front of them is a large gathering of people milling around the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library. Some seem to be in conversation with one another, while other seem to simply be moving around the space. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #454","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at where the ceremony will be held. A large seated audience of men and women is forming behind a red ribbon that has been stretched from the circulation desk to the staircase's railing on the opposite side of the room. The men and women standing behind the circulation desk are, presumably, library staff and the few men and women that stand on the other side of the red ribbon from the audience are the library officials that will be speaking during the ceremony. The library officials seem to be looking at someone just out of frame and two of them are waving to try and get their attention. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #455","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at the main floor of the Barrett Branch where folding chairs have been set up in the middle of the room for an audience that has begun filing in. Men and women of varying ages and dress are coming in through the bright, naturally lit entrance vestibule, stopping at the circulation desk, before finding an empty seat. The men and women behind the circulation desk are, presumably, library staff who are either in conversation with one another or watching the people who are filing into the library. Just in front of the audience, stretching from the circulation desk to the railing of the staircase at the opposite of the room, is a red ribbon that is being handled by a woman in a dark top and patterned skirt. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #456","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points at a small group of men and women who are seated in wooden chairs to the left of a small stage with a podium. Seated in two rows, the group consists of four women and three men, and are presumed to be library officials. They are all in professional dress, either in suits and ties or dresses and blazers, and the front row seems to be conversation with each other. Just behind them, extending backward into the space, are filled bookshelves. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #457","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a man speaking from a podium on a small elevated stage. The man, wearing glasses and dressed in a grey-colored suit with a white shirt and dark-colored tie, holds a book in one hand and paper in the other as he looks out at the audience in front of him. The men and women seated next to the stage, who are presumed to be library officials, have their attention on the speaker. The stage is bordered in the front by small pots of yellow flowers and framed in the back by bookshelves that extend backward into the space. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #458","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a small elevated stage and podium and the men and women that surround it. The men and women, presumed to be library officials, stand with their hands over their hearts as they face the American flag that sits on the stage. All professionally dressed, only one man and one woman stand on the stage while the others stand to either side as they seem to recite the Pledge of Allegiance. Behind the stage are rows of bookshelves that extend backwards and out of frame. Above the stage is the second-floor balcony of the Barrett Branch. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #459","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a small elevated stage and podium and the men and women that surround it. On the stage stands a brown-haired woman, wearing a floral-patterned dress and pink blazer, speaking from a podium to the audience that sits in front of her just out of view. On either side of the stage sits other men and women, presumed to be library officials, who have their attention on the woman at the podium. Framing the front of the stage are small pots of yellow flowers and behind the stage, extending backwards out of frame, are bookshelves. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #460","This folder contains photographs of the 1995 ribbon cutting ceremony celebrating the re-opening of the Kate Waller Barrett Branch after renovations.","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a small elevated stage and podium and the people that surround it. Although the picture is out of focusing, appearing blurry, a woman with red hair and glasses, wearing a red blazer and skirt, can be seen speaking from the podium. With their attention on the speaker at the podium, the men and women that sit next to the stage are presumed to be library officials. The stage, framed at the front by small pots of yellow flowers, backs up to rows of short bookshelves that extend backward out of frame. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #461","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a small elevated stage and podium and the people that surround it. On the stage, standing at the podium, is a man with glasses wearing a dark-colored suit and tie with a red pocket square. He looks down at the paper on the podium as he speaks to the audience in front of him, sitting just out of view. The men and women sitting next to the stage, presumed to be library officials, are dressed professionally as some turn their attention toward the speaker. The front of the stage is framed by small pots of yellow flowers and rows of short bookshelves sit at the back of the stage. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #462","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down on the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library where the audience sits as the ribbon ceremony goes on. On the left side of the picture, many men and women sit in folding chairs as they listen to the man speaking from the small elevated stage and podium in front of them. Stretching from the circulation desk, across the room, to the railing of the staircase is a red ribbon that separates the audience from the men and women on and around the stage. There are also men and women that stand behind the circulation desk, presumed to be library staff, that have their attention on the man at the podium, who is dressed in a dark-colored suit with a light-colored shirt. On either side of the stage, separated from the general audience, sit other men and women who are presumed to be library officials. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #463","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down on the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library where the audience sits as the ribbon ceremony goes on. On the right side of the picture sits a large audience of men and women that extends backwards out if frame. They are separated from the small stage and podium by a red ribbon that stretches from the circulation desk, across the room, to the railing of the staircase that leads to the second floor. Behind the circulation desk stands a few men and women, who are presumed to be library staff, who have their attention on the man that speaks from the podium. The speaker, dressed in a dark-colored suit and tie, looks down at the paper on the podium as he addresses the audience in front of him. The people sitting to left and right of the stage, who are separate from the general audience, are presumed to be library officials who are part of the ceremony proceedings. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #464","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a man standing in behind a podium on a small elevated stage. The man, dressed in a grey-colored suit and glasses, seems to have his head tilted down in pause to accept the applause he is receiving from the people around him. Next to the stage sits a group of men and women who are presumed to be library officials. One man and one woman can be seen clapping for the man on the stage. The front of the stage is framed by small pots of yellow flowers and the back of the stage is bordered by short bookshelves that extend backward out of view. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #465","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a woman standing behind a podium on a small elevate stage. The woman has grey hair, dressed in a matching blue dress and blazer, and looks out at the audience seated in front of her, just out of view. There is a group of men and women seated in three rows next to the stage, presumed to be library officials, who look and listen to the woman speaking from the podium. Behind the stage and the group of library officials are some tall and short bookshelves that extend backward into the space and out of frame. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #466","Color candid photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library where men and women are milling around presumably after the ribbon has been cut officially opening the library. The men and women, of all ages and in varying dress, are either in conversation with one another or are on the move to a different part of the space. Some are making their way up the stairs and past whomever is taking the picture while others are moving towards the rows of bookshelves that extend backward out of frame. Barely visible amongst the people is a small stage and podium where library officials had spoken during the ceremony. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #467","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a small stage and the men and women that surround it. On the stage, standing behind a podium, is grey-haired woman in a matching blue dress and blazer who speaks to the audience seated in front of her, just out of view. On either side of the stage where the woman in blue is speaking from, sits two groups of men and women, presumed to be library officials, who have attention on the woman in blue. The front of the stage is framed with small pots of yellow flowers and the back is bordered by short bookshelves that extend backward into the space. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #468","Color candid photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at the main floor of the Barret Branch where people have begun to move about the space, presumably, at the conclusion of the ribbon cutting ceremony. Some of the men and women are in conversation with each other while others have begun exploring the space and materials available. Visible among the crowd is the circulation desk, with a few staff members working from behind it. Across the room, also visible among the crowd, is the small stage and podium that library officials spoke from during the ceremony. Above the crowd, on the right side of the picture, is the second-floor balcony which has been populated by more exploring people. The photo is dated from 1995. Photo previously labeled #469","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a small stage and podium. Standing behind the podium is a man with glasses, wearing a dark-colored suit and tie, who is looking down at the papers on the podium in front of him. To one side of the stage is small group of men and women who are seated in three rows, all in professional dress. This small group of people are presumed to be library officials, as is the man in a grey-colored suit that is seated behind the stage. Behind the stage are short bookshelves that extend backward out of frame and the front of the stage is line with small pots of yellow flowers. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #470","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at the main floor of the Barret Branch wear a stage sits before a large seated audience. Separating the audience from the stage is a long red ribbon stretching from the circulation desk across the room to the staircase's railing. Behind the circulation desk, standing with their backs to the wall, are men and women who seem to be part of the library staff. On the stage stands a brown-haired woman, wearing a floral-patterned dress and pink blazer, speaking from a podium to the audience that sits in front of her. On either side of the stage sits other men and women, presumed to be library officials, who have their attention on the woman at the podium. Framing the front of the stage are small pots of yellow flowers and behind the stage, extending backwards out of frame, are bookshelves. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #471","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at the main floor of the Barret Branch wear a stage sits before a large seated audience. Separating the audience from the stage is a long red ribbon stretching from the circulation desk across the room to the staircase's railing. Behind the circulation desk, standing with their backs to the wall, are men and women who seem to be part of the library staff. On the stage stands a man with glasses, wearing a grey-colored suit, speaking from a podium to the audience that sits in front of him. On either side of the stage sits other men and women, presumed to be library officials, who have their attention on the man at the podium. Framing the front of the stage are small pots of yellow flowers and behind the stage, extending backwards out of frame, are bookshelves. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #472","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a small stage and podium as well as the people that surround it. Speaking from the podium stands a man with glasses, in a grey-colored suit and tie, who looks down at the paper in front of him. On either side of the stage sits two small groups of men and women, presumed to be library officials, who have their attention on the man on stage. All are professionally dressed and some hold programs probably pertaining to the ceremony. The front of the stage is lined with small pots of yellow flows and behind the stage are rows of short and tall books shelves. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #473","Color candid photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at two groups of men and women on the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library. The group closest to the camera consists of six men and two women who are professionally dressed and seem to be library officials. Each woman shakes the hand of one of the men in the group. Behind them is a small stage and podium, that is lined with small pots of yellow flowers along the front. In the other side of the stage is another small group of men and women, also thought to be library officials. One woman seated at the front of the group, with white hair and patterned dress, is leaning forward to greet a woman with brown hair, black jacket, and skirt standing in front of her. Behind the two groups and the stage are bookshelves that extend backward out of frame. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #474","Color candid photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a small group of men and women who are standing, in conversation with each other. The group, consisting of two women and five men, are all professionally dressed and seem to be library officials. Facing away from the camera, one woman with a pink jacket is shaking hands with a man in a dark colored suit and patterned tie. Behind this group is a small, unoccupied stage and podium and on the other side of the stage is another group of seated, presumed, library officials. Behind the stage are bookshelves that extend backwards out of frame. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #475","Color photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. In the foreground of the picture, two unidentified women smile at the camera. The woman on the left has short blond hair, glasses, and wears a patterned collared dress. The woman in the left has dark brown hair and wears a dark blue top with a high neck. Behind them are more men and women who are milling about on the main floor of the Barrett Branch, presumably after the conclusion of the ceremony. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #476","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. The camera is pointed at the line of men and women standing at the circulation desk at the Barrett Branch Library. Presumably, these are members of the public who attended the ribbon cutting and are now exploring the new space after the conclusion of the ceremony. On the upper right-side of the picture, visible through the railing, is the second-floor balcony where people a standing amongst the bookshelves. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #477","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a man standing on a small stage, behind a podium. Though the camera is unfocused and the photo appears slightly blurry it can be determined that the man, dressed in a dark-colored suit with a white pocket square, looks down at the papers on the podium as the small group of men and women seated on the other side of the stage have their attention on him. The small group of men and women, who are dressed professionally, are presumed to be library officials that are part of the ribbon cutting ceremony. One other presumed official is seated behind the stage and is reading a piece of paper. Also, behind the stage and the small group of library officials, are rows of bookshelves that extend backward out of frame. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #478","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a line of people who stand facing a seated audience of men and women. The line of people is professionally dressed men and women, presumably library officials, who each hold onto a red ribbon that stretches across the room from the circulation desk to the railing of the staircase. The seated audience and the men and women standing behind the circulation desk smile at the line of officials as they cut the ribbon. One woman, with grey hair and blue dress, holds up her scissors and her portion of the red ribbon in celebration. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #479","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a man in a grey-colored suit who stands on a small stage. Looking down at the orange-handled scissors in hand, he faces a small group of men and women, presumed to be library officials, as they walk towards the left side of the photo. The man on the stage is handing out pairs of scissors to members of the ribbon cutting ceremony as they make their way towards the ribbon that is just out of view. Behind the man and the stage, is another small group of men and women seated in front of bookshelves who watch as the other officials make their way to the ribbon. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #480","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library and the men and women who are filing in before the start of the ceremony. There are folding chairs set up in the middle of the room that a being filled by people coming from the entrance vestibule at the back of the space. Behind the circulation desk stands many men and women, presumed to be library staff, who watch as members of the public take their seats. In front of the audience stretching across the room, from the circulation desk to the railing of the staircase, is a long red ribbon. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #481","This folder contains black and white photographs pertaining to the Robert H. Robinson Library, dated from 1946 to 1950. The photos capture the Robert H. Robinson Library building, staff, and various events.","Black and white photograph of Sara Murphy Carr sitting at her desk in the Robert Robinson Branch of Alexandria Library. Carr has short, dark hair and is wearing a light-colored blazer and a dark-colored top underneath. She looks directly at the camera from a chair behind her wooden desk, which is topped with file folders, a box of catalog cards, a folded newspaper, and other items. Behind her is a cart filled books and behind her further are filled bookshelves, some are topped with more books or other décor. The photo is dated c.1948. Photo previously labeled as #494","Black and white photograph of Sara Murphy Carr posing for a picture in the doorway of the Robert Robinson Library. Carr has short, dark hair and is wearing a light-color jacket, dark-colored top, light-colored knee length skirt, with dark-colored shoes. She stands facing the camera and seems to have her hand on the knob of the front door that is slightly ajar behind her. A stoop and front step lead up to the front of the brick building and above the white trimmed door is a sign that reads \"Robert Robinson Library\" in dark letters. The photo is dated c.1948. Photo previously labeled as #495","Black and white candid photograph taken outside the Robert Robinson Library as Miss Bracie enters the building. Facing the front of the library, the photo captures a woman, identified as Miss Bracie, stepping up to the front door of the building. With her back to the camera, Miss Bracie wears a light-colored jacket and skirt, a much lighter-colored hat with black sash, and carries a dark-colored hand bag. The building, made of brick with a dark-colored metal roof, has one brick chimney on the left side and four narrow windows that are evenly separated by the white trimmed front door. Above the front door, just under an outdoor light, is a sign that reads \"Robert Robinson Library\" in dark letters. A cement walkway leads up to the door and is bordered on either side by shrubbery and grass. The photo is dated c.1950. Photo previously labeled as #496","Black and white photograph of Story Hour at Robert Robinson Library. Robinson Librarian Minnie N. Fuller, sits and reads to twelve children who either sit in chairs or kneel on the carpeted floor in front of her. Fuller has short, dark hair and is wearing a light-colored dress with light-colored shoes. Her head is tilted down and away from the camera as she reads the book and the children, both boys and girls, are turned to face her. Behind the children are three windows that have their blinds open. The photo is dated 1950. Photo previously labeled as #497","Black and white photograph of a group of men and women, presumably attending an event, at the Robert H. Robinson Library. Posed in two rows, nine women and three men are pictured together with some looking directly at the camera and others facing in different directions. All are dressed up, with the women in dresses and dress hats and the men in suits. One clergyman stands in the second row and is dressed in a clerical collar. One woman is identified as Alexandria Library Director Ellen Coolidge Burke (first row, second from the left) and she is dressed in a dark jacket, light-colored shirt, light-colored skirt, and dark-colored hat. Behind the group is a wall with a bookshelf and closed door. The photo is dated 1950. Photo previously labeled #498","Black and white candid photograph taken of Story Hour at Robert Robinson Library. Twenty-three children, listen as Robinson Librarian Sara Murphy Carr reads a picture book. Carr is wearing a light-colored outfit and dark-colored shoes. Her hair has been tied back away from her face and she looks down at the open book through her glasses. Many of the children have realized they are being photographed and have turned to face the camera, but a few have their gazes turned elsewhere. The space where the group sits is lined on three sides by filled bookshelves, some topped with more books or other décor. The photo is dated April 1946. Photo previously labeled as #499","Black and white photo of the 10th Anniversary of the Robert H. +Robinson Library. Seated in five rows, a group of men and women, some young and some old, pose for a picture inside the Robert Robinson Library. Not everyone looks directly at the camera, but all are dressed professionally. Some women can be seen wearing hats and dress gloves while the men can be seen in suit and tie. One clergyman sits in the back dressed in his clerical collar. Behind the group, the walls are lined with bookshelves that have been decorated with original art work of varying sizes. The photo is dated 1950. Photo previously labeled as #500","This sub-series contains records documenting the branches and divisions of the Alexandria Library system including the construction of the branches and information regarding their operations. The branches represented here include the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library, the James M. Duncan Branch Library, the Ellen Coolidge Burke Branch Library, the Robert H. Robinson Library, the \"New Branch\" (later known as the Charles E. Beatley, Jr. Central Library), the Special Services Division, and the Lloyd House (later known as Local History and Special Collections).","This folder contains miscellaneous records pertaining to the construction of the building addition to the Kate Waller Barrett branch of Alexandria Library in 1954. Documents include copies of contracts, proof of insurance, and other notes and correspondence related to the proposed addition to the Barrett branch.","This folder contains records pertaining to the construction specifications for the building addition to the Kate Waller Barrett branch of Alexandria Library in 1954. Documents include the Specifications report, prepared by the Alexandria Library Board, detailing the proposed requirements for the construction of the addition to the Barrett branch.","This folder contains financial records pertaining to the construction of the building addition to the Kate Waller Barrett branch of Alexandria Library in 1954. Documents include copies of vendor invoices, reports of money spent, and other related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to the process of selecting bids for which construction agency would carry out the construction of the building addition to the Kate Waller Barrett branch of Alexandria Library in 1954. Documents include copies of proposals, meeting minutes, press material, and other related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to monthly reports regarding the Robert Robinson branch of Alexandria Library, dating from December 1947 to December 1951. Documents include monthly reports on branch statistics, yearly fiscal report, discard lists, and other related notes.","This folder contains records pertaining to monthly reports regarding the Robert Robinson branch of Alexandria Library, dating from January 1952 to December 1955. Documents include monthly reports on branch statistics, and other related notes.","This folder contains records pertaining to monthly reports regarding the Robert Robinson branch of Alexandria Library, dating from January 1956 to May 1959. Documents include monthly reports on branch statistics, and other related notes.","This series is currently being processed and is not yet available for research use. Please contact Local History / Special Collections staff for more details.","This sub-series is currently being processed and is not yet available for research use. Please contact Local History / Special Collections staff for more details.","This sub-series is currently being processed and is not yet available for research use. Please contact Local History / Special Collections staff for more details.","This sub-series is currently being processed and is not yet available for research use. Please contact Local History / Special Collections staff for more details.","This sub-series is currently being processed and is not yet available for research use. Please contact Local History / Special Collections staff for more details.","This sub-series contains web-published resources that were created by, or are directly related to, the Alexandria Library in Alexandria, Virginia. This includes the Library website, Library social media accounts, Library blog, and the websites of Library friends' groups.","Website of the Alexandria Library in Alexandria, Virginia","Facebook account of the Alexandria Library in Alexandria, Virginia","Instagram account of the Alexandria Library in Alexandria, Virginia","Twitter account of the Alexandria Library in Alexandria, Virginia","Youtube account of the Alexandria Library in Alexandria, Virginia","Alexandria Library's blog which focuses on adult programs, events, and services including news and updates about the Library's collection, services, resources, and programs for adults","Online donation portal for the Alexandria Library Foundation, Inc. The Alexandria Library Foundation is a non-profit organization which provides funding for the Alexandria Library System in Alexandria, Virginia","Website of the Friends of the Beatley Central Library in Alexandria, Virginia. The Friends are a volunteer organizations which works to promote the interests and programs of the Library","Website of the Friends of Duncan Library. The Friends are a volunteer organization that supports the operations of the Duncan Branch Library, located in the Del Ray neighborhood of Alexandria, Virginia","Intranet website for Alexandria Library staff","Materials relating to the Alexandria Library Board have been moved from MS098 to the Alexandria Library Board Records (MS416).","Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Alexandria Library (Alexandria, Va.)","Alexandria Library Company","Alexandria Library Association (1897-1937)","Alexandria Library Society (1937-1953)","Burke, Ellen Coolidge","Duncan, James M., Jr. (James Morton), 1897-1967","Barrett, Kate Waller, Dr., 1858-1925","Beatley, Charles E., Jr., 1916-2003","Robinson, Robert Henry, Rev. (1824-1909)","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MS098","/repositories/2/resources/157"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Alexandria Library Records (MS098)"],"collection_title_tesim":["Alexandria Library Records (MS098)"],"collection_ssim":["Alexandria Library Records (MS098)"],"repository_ssm":["Alexandria Library"],"repository_ssim":["Alexandria Library"],"geogname_ssm":["Alexandria (Va.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Alexandria (Va.)"],"creator_ssm":["Alexandria Library (Alexandria, Va.)"],"creator_ssim":["Alexandria Library (Alexandria, Va.)"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Alexandria Library (Alexandria, Va.)"],"creators_ssim":["Alexandria Library (Alexandria, Va.)"],"places_ssim":["Alexandria (Va.)"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Alexandria (Va.). Library","Public libraries."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Alexandria (Va.). Library","Public libraries."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["13.86 Cubic Feet 30 boxes, 1 oversized box"],"extent_tesim":["13.86 Cubic Feet 30 boxes, 1 oversized box"],"date_range_isim":[1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research. Public access to some confidential personnel records is restricted, these materials are noted as such.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains confidential personnel records. Public access and use of these materials is restricted for 75 years from the date of creation of the document.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis site is only accessible to Alexandria Library staff and is not available for public research use.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions","Conditions Governing Access","Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for research. Public access to some confidential personnel records is restricted, these materials are noted as such.","This folder contains confidential personnel records. Public access and use of these materials is restricted for 75 years from the date of creation of the document.","This site is only accessible to Alexandria Library staff and is not available for public research use."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis finding aid describes and documents the updated arrangement of this collection as of 2023. Previously, the collection was organized into the following series: By Laws, Charters, and Agreements; Board; Annual Reports; Administration; Circulation; Construction; History; Publicity; Scrapbooks; Workshops; Queen/Barrett; Robert Robinson; Special Services; and Lloyd House. \"By-Laws, Charters, and Agreements\" and \"Administration\" have been combined into the new Subseries 1.2. Administration and Finance. \"History,\" \"Publicity,\" \"Scrapbooks,\" \"Workshops,\" and \"Photographs\" have been combined into the new Subseries 1.4. History, Programming, and Outreach. \"Construction,\" \"Queen/Barrett,\" \"Robert Robinson,\" \"Special Services,\" and \"Lloyd House,\" have been combined into the new Subseries 1.5. Branch Records.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe \"Board\" series has been separated from MS098 and combined with other records to form a new, separate collection of Alexandria Library Board Records.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe physical and intellectual arrangement of the Alexandria Library Records (MS098) has been updated a few times over the years, while remaining accessible to the public. Thus, the decision was made to maintain, as much as appropriate, the current order of the pre-existing collection as Series 1: Founding and 20th Century Records; and Series 2: 21st Century Records includes the new accretions to the collection as of 2023. Future accretions to this collection will either be added to Series 2 or form a new series.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSeries 1. Founding and 20th Century Records, 1937-2005\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries 1.1. Annual Reports\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries 1.2. Administration and Finance\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries 1.3. Circulation Records\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries 1.4. History, Programming, and Outreach\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries 1.5. Branch Records\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSeries 2. 21st Century Records, 1994-present\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries 2.1. Annual Reports\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries 2.2. Administration and Finance\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries 2.3. Branch Records\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries 2.4. Programming and Outreach\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries 2.5. Web Archives\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Notes on Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This finding aid describes and documents the updated arrangement of this collection as of 2023. Previously, the collection was organized into the following series: By Laws, Charters, and Agreements; Board; Annual Reports; Administration; Circulation; Construction; History; Publicity; Scrapbooks; Workshops; Queen/Barrett; Robert Robinson; Special Services; and Lloyd House. \"By-Laws, Charters, and Agreements\" and \"Administration\" have been combined into the new Subseries 1.2. Administration and Finance. \"History,\" \"Publicity,\" \"Scrapbooks,\" \"Workshops,\" and \"Photographs\" have been combined into the new Subseries 1.4. History, Programming, and Outreach. \"Construction,\" \"Queen/Barrett,\" \"Robert Robinson,\" \"Special Services,\" and \"Lloyd House,\" have been combined into the new Subseries 1.5. Branch Records.","The \"Board\" series has been separated from MS098 and combined with other records to form a new, separate collection of Alexandria Library Board Records.","The physical and intellectual arrangement of the Alexandria Library Records (MS098) has been updated a few times over the years, while remaining accessible to the public. Thus, the decision was made to maintain, as much as appropriate, the current order of the pre-existing collection as Series 1: Founding and 20th Century Records; and Series 2: 21st Century Records includes the new accretions to the collection as of 2023. Future accretions to this collection will either be added to Series 2 or form a new series.","Series 1. Founding and 20th Century Records, 1937-2005\n Subseries 1.1. Annual Reports Subseries 1.2. Administration and Finance Subseries 1.3. Circulation Records Subseries 1.4. History, Programming, and Outreach Subseries 1.5. Branch Records Series 2. 21st Century Records, 1994-present\n Subseries 2.1. Annual Reports Subseries 2.2. Administration and Finance Subseries 2.3. Branch Records Subseries 2.4. Programming and Outreach Subseries 2.5. Web Archives"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFounded as a subscription library in 1794 and serving as the public library of Alexandria, Virginia since 1937 – Alexandria Library has a long legacy of supporting early literacy and lifelong learning in our diverse community. The Alexandria Library builds community through its six branches by providing opportunities to learn, explore, create, and connect.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Alexandria Library Company (ALC) was founded on July 24, 1794 and operated a subscription library for nearly 150 years. In 1937, the ALC entered an agreement with the City of Alexandria and their collections formed the foundation of the city's first free public library. Since then, the Alexandria Library has grown into a system of six branches which serve the community of Alexandria, Virginia. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Kate Waller Barrett Library opened its doors on Queen Street in 1937; this was the first location of the Alexandria Library. It was named after Dr. Kate Waller Barrett – local humanitarian, social crusader, and political reformer. The Society of Friends granted a 99-year lease for use of its old Quaker Burial Ground on Queen Street as the site for the new public library building. This library has undergone several renovations and expansions over the years, in 1954, 1964, and 1993. When the Charles E. Beatley, Jr. Central Library was built, the Barrett Library shifted from being the main library to its current role as a branch library which serves residents of Old Town Alexandria and surrounding neighborhoods.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Robert Robinson Library, named for a grandson of one of George Washington's slaves, opened in 1940 to serve black residents of Alexandria. The establishment of this new branch library was motivated by a civil rights demonstration and lawsuit brought against the Library and the City of Alexandria. The earliest known civil rights sit-in was held at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library in 1939. Alexandria Attorney Samuel W. Tucker and five young African American men demonstrated this act of civil disobedience after being denied library cards. The Sit-In and following legal action resulted in the establishment of a new branch of the library to provide \"separate but equal\" library services to black residents. However, this new library branch never received the same support or funding as the main library and was never able to provide fully equitable services to the local African American community. The Alexandria Library officially integrated for adults in 1959, and for children in 1962. The Robert Robinson Library closed in 1962 and the building is now the site of the Alexandria Black History Museum. \u003ca href=\"https://alexlibraryva.org/1939-sit-in\"\u003eMore details about the 1939 sit-in and integration of Alexandria Library, as well as links to additional resources can be found on our website.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Ellen Coolidge Burke Branch Library opened on Seminary Road in 1968. This branch library was named after Ellen Coolidge Burke (1901-1975), who served as Director of the Alexandria Library from 1948 to 1969. The Burke Branch Library serves residents of the Seminary Hill neighborhood and surrounding areas. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe James M. Duncan, Jr. Branch Library opened on Commonwealth Avenue in 1969. The Duncan Branch Library serves residents of the Del Ray neighborhood and surrounding areas. This branch was named after James M. Duncan (1897-1967), who served as Chief of the Alexandria Fire Department 1924-1947, member of City Council 1949-1967, and member of the Alexandria Library Board 1950-1967. In 2005 the Duncan Branch Library underwent renovations and became the first City of Alexandria government building to have a \"living\" roof – a Green Infrastructure approach to reducing stormwater runoff and pollution in local waterways. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Local History / Special Collections Branch was established in 1976 and first housed at Lloyd House, a historic home on the corner of Queen and North Washington Streets. In 1999, after completion of the most recent round of renovations and expansions, Local History / Special Collections moved into the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library. Local History / Special Collections stewards many valuable resources documenting the history and culture of Alexandria and Virginia from the colonial period to the present.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Charles E. Beatley, Jr. Central Library opened on Duke Street in 2000. This new central library was named after former mayor of Alexandria, Charles E. \"Chuck\" Beatley, Jr. (1916-2003). Upon completion of the new main library site, library adminstration offices were moved from the Barrett Library (formerly the central library) to the Beatley Library.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 2015 the Library took over management of the Alexandria Law Library, located in the basement of the Alexandria Circuit Court on King Street. The Alexandria Law Library provides legal resources for the benefit of the entire Alexandria community, including its citizens, government agencies, local businesses, the judiciary, and members of the bar.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibraryva.org/about-us#timeline\"\u003eFor a more detailed timeline of the history of Alexandria Library, check out our website.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Founded as a subscription library in 1794 and serving as the public library of Alexandria, Virginia since 1937 – Alexandria Library has a long legacy of supporting early literacy and lifelong learning in our diverse community. The Alexandria Library builds community through its six branches by providing opportunities to learn, explore, create, and connect.","The Alexandria Library Company (ALC) was founded on July 24, 1794 and operated a subscription library for nearly 150 years. In 1937, the ALC entered an agreement with the City of Alexandria and their collections formed the foundation of the city's first free public library. Since then, the Alexandria Library has grown into a system of six branches which serve the community of Alexandria, Virginia. ","The Kate Waller Barrett Library opened its doors on Queen Street in 1937; this was the first location of the Alexandria Library. It was named after Dr. Kate Waller Barrett – local humanitarian, social crusader, and political reformer. The Society of Friends granted a 99-year lease for use of its old Quaker Burial Ground on Queen Street as the site for the new public library building. This library has undergone several renovations and expansions over the years, in 1954, 1964, and 1993. When the Charles E. Beatley, Jr. Central Library was built, the Barrett Library shifted from being the main library to its current role as a branch library which serves residents of Old Town Alexandria and surrounding neighborhoods.","The Robert Robinson Library, named for a grandson of one of George Washington's slaves, opened in 1940 to serve black residents of Alexandria. The establishment of this new branch library was motivated by a civil rights demonstration and lawsuit brought against the Library and the City of Alexandria. The earliest known civil rights sit-in was held at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library in 1939. Alexandria Attorney Samuel W. Tucker and five young African American men demonstrated this act of civil disobedience after being denied library cards. The Sit-In and following legal action resulted in the establishment of a new branch of the library to provide \"separate but equal\" library services to black residents. However, this new library branch never received the same support or funding as the main library and was never able to provide fully equitable services to the local African American community. The Alexandria Library officially integrated for adults in 1959, and for children in 1962. The Robert Robinson Library closed in 1962 and the building is now the site of the Alexandria Black History Museum.  More details about the 1939 sit-in and integration of Alexandria Library, as well as links to additional resources can be found on our website.","The Ellen Coolidge Burke Branch Library opened on Seminary Road in 1968. This branch library was named after Ellen Coolidge Burke (1901-1975), who served as Director of the Alexandria Library from 1948 to 1969. The Burke Branch Library serves residents of the Seminary Hill neighborhood and surrounding areas. ","The James M. Duncan, Jr. Branch Library opened on Commonwealth Avenue in 1969. The Duncan Branch Library serves residents of the Del Ray neighborhood and surrounding areas. This branch was named after James M. Duncan (1897-1967), who served as Chief of the Alexandria Fire Department 1924-1947, member of City Council 1949-1967, and member of the Alexandria Library Board 1950-1967. In 2005 the Duncan Branch Library underwent renovations and became the first City of Alexandria government building to have a \"living\" roof – a Green Infrastructure approach to reducing stormwater runoff and pollution in local waterways. ","The Local History / Special Collections Branch was established in 1976 and first housed at Lloyd House, a historic home on the corner of Queen and North Washington Streets. In 1999, after completion of the most recent round of renovations and expansions, Local History / Special Collections moved into the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library. Local History / Special Collections stewards many valuable resources documenting the history and culture of Alexandria and Virginia from the colonial period to the present.","The Charles E. Beatley, Jr. Central Library opened on Duke Street in 2000. This new central library was named after former mayor of Alexandria, Charles E. \"Chuck\" Beatley, Jr. (1916-2003). Upon completion of the new main library site, library adminstration offices were moved from the Barrett Library (formerly the central library) to the Beatley Library.","In 2015 the Library took over management of the Alexandria Law Library, located in the basement of the Alexandria Circuit Court on King Street. The Alexandria Law Library provides legal resources for the benefit of the entire Alexandria community, including its citizens, government agencies, local businesses, the judiciary, and members of the bar.","For a more detailed timeline of the history of Alexandria Library, check out our website."],"otherfindaid_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|8c5ffb42-5524-4dc7-a8b4-a73f7efd331e/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|894c2868-34c0-45cb-bbd7-b6116cb9124d/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|da857c0c-296a-44f7-ab6a-7c2ef7f6321b/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|2775e1f7-a255-42c9-bb05-66ec592b14d8/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|f0eba518-9a04-4088-93a1-f0cd5291c627/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|9ab292a5-45ac-48a7-8149-b59f50daf32d/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|2988ea9f-6da2-4aab-9e64-25c5f5ccba22/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|a960a00f-aef4-4102-a090-28ef0e774a1f/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|5e07d27c-0667-496c-9fc9-a759401ea84b/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|2dd86645-aee7-4dc0-a448-8b1a366ca43d/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|a7289215-eaca-4f70-9db5-d618c4b4268c/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|aaecee73-770b-4dc0-a5fb-ad424505e3af/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|5b2baaaa-f268-433b-bcd8-f7b58ee756fa/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|8f393379-c7c0-4289-aa97-126c07454c2d/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|65ba51a6-9980-437c-a0a8-9b812c7bcc1e/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|3cb9e051-78a0-4171-b705-aa095bc9dc16/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|e3006d3f-5648-4960-bfb3-9cde4dbd0ef8/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|aa233c09-5939-412e-ac97-bde4def034fd/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|b99e3355-3be7-4288-a295-1b89032f8de2/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|42d1f5cf-e5b5-4129-abf6-30490e68519e/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|32b50591-64c3-4030-995c-1b642c546c40/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|59d54aa3-37dd-419e-897c-f610719602b7/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|b5be668b-4c36-4186-8982-c16a1e229d20/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|5508d012-7643-425b-9b49-31611b2325d6/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|d3219ad0-703a-41e9-8972-5bfbaed888fe/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|d2bc9b53-ce4d-4869-b028-4ef1fcb073d8/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|b85331ca-2989-4d5f-a470-b747374c2e26/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|54f81cf7-7e77-4afc-86f0-85ee02d37d9d/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|90873c83-9782-4565-bbf8-4ed37cdb2e30/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|8e9971ee-f82c-4f42-a701-f3c0fd9ed4d2/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|7d24ac36-712a-4d1b-a5c3-39689988ba89/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|3898e720-d3d6-4504-aa3c-6ced13f46f0a/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|c930dfaa-faf1-4aaf-802c-aa69bc9d0255/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|42ee1234-2a7a-4586-b695-537409ca618d/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|b1455d2e-d41b-4e0b-a840-cddafdb00d1f/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|939d736b-20ce-4597-91fd-b898bae33ee8/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|aa0f3389-f894-4fd8-8646-a6279a20e2e8/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|bd555e9e-6bd1-4deb-ae8e-29fac38fa0f3/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|24ecb5a1-ca62-43cd-82dc-58e78eb5b0a6/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|ec845170-dd5f-4d9d-a3eb-2f7f54f28c45/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|fd71f510-2900-4932-b5c8-773d356aa74d/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|46aa3cbc-c3ca-428b-a3eb-9f864ded1fbe/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|a1b1a124-cb67-4004-8a52-cabc0540ba50/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|156e31ad-c793-4d9f-95e2-593309eba75f/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|d5866300-0f94-4c3e-be37-bfafcd4df310/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|e7f934e4-04aa-4a51-9c3a-696a98984e7b/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|cd7d450f-3958-4cfa-a637-a8e9b5f9a32e/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|78bf04d9-2a23-43c7-9f14-b6a1b23cacad/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|73f914f5-6412-43c7-983d-dec481f0f04b/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|1a5f9bab-d6c2-4194-ba71-5b17d55f7a72/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|a9ddda38-eeb7-4fdc-946b-729494c91c2c/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|1a453d9f-7d9f-4a8b-8204-d513852f7af7/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|37d51356-2123-4ac7-bcf3-9428ed029bd3/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|e9d4ae49-f62c-4abe-b5ce-d23640fbc58c/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|37dc006e-c5f4-459a-bffb-17c61fc31ccf/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|684bd62b-8c67-4e5b-a1ba-c1e58e3f39d7/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|ac73a1cb-67b8-4866-9499-bc01d4094795/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|2a3c6321-c868-4e7e-8ac4-50406bc2364f/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|5c81d4b1-2478-4441-a007-6e226a86dc57/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|4f88a2f1-2c40-4dff-8ea4-7d619258ddf2/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|9eea9153-d572-49d3-89e6-5dde9c707fb3/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_8d26fcf8-3240-42a3-980a-5a9b5c36a799/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_5f5caa20-94ee-4a8c-aa92-4846b9d4bb06/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_2ccfcc8f-1750-4827-93e5-a48b087f848e/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_57f3ac3b-1b71-4822-b7ab-d385c0745fd6/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_3f9debd1-c9cd-4829-9c4d-faeff29054eb/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_2a03f7ca-b38c-4d5a-806a-44e43d2cd07f/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_3cd4c4fd-ac94-4ecd-8b1c-ebbf68947ebf/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_377eaa24-a27b-4ab8-b9d7-e646dd0acd04/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_e8c1dbe2-0cd7-4630-8fa7-7c0a3600b2ba/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_ad33be2f-988d-46dc-8af1-7570646ec86c/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_c807fe07-5c93-4f45-b127-f34f69792d14/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_1050a027-9948-4d50-a0b8-9ad8209ddf43/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_9de17d10-3ff9-4b7a-8ada-bcb8516bbf44/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_0ddb12b6-9660-4beb-8c3e-1cddf6dbc5d6/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_92648e88-c666-4240-ba23-b63f38c2f7f5/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_baeb425f-988d-4260-b03d-42f14f27ed35/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_3dd28149-ff59-4338-9377-3b57908d60be/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_306e35f6-f6e4-4dc8-881f-de7789226254/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_d923bbd1-f787-40e4-b734-fe774de9d671/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_16446faa-6fa3-438c-8d22-508fb5086ea4/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_a4d69cb1-8bfa-4dcf-9fe3-8aba298089ee/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_2de9865f-5bba-4df1-823e-09dc3854550b/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_81823870-b373-467a-bcbd-6da2615b67fa/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_757b7a02-74da-4f7d-b452-452b6a1b03d2/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_08c3f44c-3a27-41ef-84b3-8d1119221242/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_08826eda-2d9f-487b-bafe-033492030b15/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_cfb5087b-4b70-4dd6-9ce5-47eab9f8cbb4/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_e11f0483-c0ae-4bb1-8f7b-5ce0309bcd1a/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|1cb336fd-b790-463d-8428-0107d1fb51ed/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_a98401b5-cece-43b1-8b86-13ae83f2d5d2/\"\u003eClick to view digital image\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_7217f04a-471e-4390-947d-d79144bf6bf3/\"\u003eClick to view digital image\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_b4694a54-c2de-4ce3-a020-1a42ec6dea9c/\"\u003eClick to view digital image\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_36e0020f-b6e2-4a1e-b595-22b71499d4a3/\"\u003eClick to view digital image\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_6fc46310-c142-46af-b700-3c65782a67ad/\"\u003eClick to view digital image\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_3bce1e32-92ea-40ce-b685-781487e455bb/\"\u003eClick to view digital image\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_be6795b0-32eb-4cde-b3e0-f0a64366f38a/\"\u003eClick to view digital image\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_62d33928-cff8-4acc-a43b-ee03a0f65e9b/\"\u003eClick to view digital image\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_9c0e9d98-b00d-4205-866c-8bd43f29d524/\"\u003eClick to view digital image\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_63d1c489-23ca-4587-b414-46d48961c2f9/\"\u003eClick to view digital image\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_0216e8ce-4243-4cca-9aa6-9abcc56d58ee/\"\u003eClick to view digital image\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_517ff26e-273c-4573-b8aa-aa627c5b0ebc/\"\u003eClick to view digital image\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_29801f28-6292-4b61-872d-b43c8b6d06c9/\"\u003eClick to view digital image\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_c6c9bafe-52e9-433f-8661-0018a88bc75d/\"\u003eClick to view digital image\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_b66676d3-9a94-46c8-a6ea-15307467d6f8/\"\u003eClick to view digital image\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_9a91b309-7768-4318-96f1-3cfbcbebfd01/\"\u003eClick to view digital image\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_047cc9f1-21a6-4413-9fad-423b2a6b1287/\"\u003eClick to view digital image\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_9def87fa-923f-42aa-91d4-d523b217572c/\"\u003eClick to view digital image\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_b600ef6a-88a3-4b9c-bf74-544ff932504c/\"\u003eClick to view digital image\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_41f7a306-87ba-4f8d-8bcb-0b1e585beab4/\"\u003eClick to view digital image\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_df338f73-4e79-4e24-ab1a-a79f6a7173ab/\"\u003eClick to view digital image\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_e7ad605a-1b53-4cc0-8c0e-19e79b6eae27/\"\u003eClick to view digital image\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_d4b38950-b6fc-4069-a664-af4b1ce0f9d3/\"\u003eClick to view digital image\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_7df4a52c-ca65-42cb-8c2c-09b723adf9b1/\"\u003eClick to view digital image\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_0f521b29-f4d6-4302-8cd8-a1eac6f300e2/\"\u003eClick to view digital image\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_6c25b7fa-1db7-42c9-8948-7d3805eb7108/\"\u003eClick to view digital image\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_24877cf2-aa65-4b49-aaee-e15fe97595e6/\"\u003eClick to view digital image\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|3631fba4-c057-4cf9-bbaa-5dda3f2aba99/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_36a3db3c-3fdc-4d8f-8605-6b19ca02bbcb/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_489cc776-71f8-4e02-9e21-c1c0a4f3d7eb/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_e132f549-c44e-400d-802b-1e0b138dfd87/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_a3fc3610-a308-41bd-b18d-1d646c686c93/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_ecc756a-5465-41dc-aa80-9bbe20a4e035/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_412c87c9-163e-4d24-9357-34df2d5b2e13/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_86226d16-3485-4c02-9899-416b154faf4f/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_d71c63e2-497e-4148-895e-76585974cc7f/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_1e293ccb-6685-4d42-8754-46ad7af35cd5/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_98258815-7f00-4c3f-9d17-c541d81a5b0d/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_cec40410-d1be-4bb0-9bab-39f7f1862657/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_a69eac6f-09a7-4ee9-8824-29f6b50aaa7c/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_d2489d87-1587-457a-9a0f-c6f94c163579/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_0d92ea83-e458-4751-9063-9fb3bd142972/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_f99b2dd5-b7a3-4b07-a02c-f4841a44a8d0/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_8273f353-7452-4a28-87e0-ce616e9f2824/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_c3e2b27f-4697-4fc4-a5ab-bde61ba57cc5/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_bfbbea77-dbaa-4eef-9079-275157ebaf30/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_65863205-3ff9-4761-84af-7761f2975e01/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_1691260a-b4bd-4744-85e2-d1169db31b74/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_cfaf4395-77de-4b9b-b77b-05a456df6544/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|18e5b879-6f2c-4dc3-89e5-443adff9d573/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_82a998a6-8b94-42a9-8a79-1581409e01ca/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_c56c7e77-c8f4-4e70-97bc-7514347c11a8/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_7002486d-6012-4b1e-8b7b-cb949e624ef4/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_0aa7d5cd-e501-4cba-a140-9205abd05e15/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_15a41923-5fd3-454c-99bc-2c496ecd248d/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_4f02dfee-b8f7-4fde-abd1-6f3963571a2c/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_e165e654-085c-4d9b-bf5e-786ed83b6f30/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|bfbbbe62-d9d3-4cf4-8778-a75f1176ded1/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|469929aa-96de-404c-b28a-dad33a3fbf61/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|fd1b19e2-354f-4a0a-b8cb-b7972dfd577d/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|e4d695b7-bcb3-4de9-a6da-69868a468dc0/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|a27070eb-8bbd-40f6-a778-8a6a471dab0d/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|4b87dab3-2ee7-4afd-acd2-c600aa643096/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|95a9052a-3434-468e-a53e-310b85f4798c/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|7df764bf-7bf5-4d68-9f36-283a4bd781fe/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://archive-it.org/collections/20256\"\u003eClick to view web archives\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://wayback.archive-it.org/20256/*/https://alexlibraryva.org/\"\u003eClick to view web archives\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://wayback.archive-it.org/20256/*/https://www.facebook.com/AlexLibraryVA/\"\u003eClick to view web archives\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://wayback.archive-it.org/20256/*/https://instagram.com/alexlibraryva/\"\u003eClick to view web archives\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://wayback.archive-it.org/20256/*/https://twitter.com/alexlibraryva/\"\u003eClick to view web archives\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://wayback.archive-it.org/20256/*/https://www.youtube.com/@AlexandriaLibrary\"\u003eClick to view web archives\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://wayback.archive-it.org/20256/*/https://outofthestacks.com/\"\u003eClick to view web archives\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://wayback.archive-it.org/20256/*/https://www.mightycause.com/organization/Alexandria-Library-Foundation/\"\u003eClick to view web archives\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://wayback.archive-it.org/20256/*/https://beatleyfriends.org/\"\u003eClick to view web archives\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://wayback.archive-it.org/20256/*/https://www.friendsofduncanlibrary.org/\"\u003eClick to view web archives\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"otherfindaid_heading_ssm":["Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital 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view web archives","Click to view web archives","Click to view web archives","Click to view web archives","Click to view web archives","Click to view web archives","Click to view web archives"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Item description], Alexandria Library Records, MS098, Alexandria Library, Local History and Special Collections, Alexandria, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Item description], Alexandria Library Records, MS098, Alexandria Library, Local History and Special Collections, Alexandria, Virginia."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAlexandria Library Board Records\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibraryva.libraryhost.com/repositories/2/resources/128\"\u003eAlexandria Library Company Records (MS002)\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Alexandria Library Board Records\n Alexandria Library Company Records (MS002)"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains the records of the Alexandria Library, documenting the administration and operation of the Library, dating from the founding of the public library in 1937 through the present. Included are administrative records, annual reports, financial records, circulation records, materials documenting the history of the Library, programming and outreach records, and records of the individual branches of the library system. Formats include textual documents, photographs, and ephemera.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Alexandria Library is an active organization, and so this collection is a living collection which will be periodically added to and updated. Check this collection guide for any future updates to the collection. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series contains materials documenting the Alexandria Library, from its founding as a public library in 1937 through the early 2000s. The majority of documents in this series pertain to the decades between 1950 and 2000. These records document the administration and operations of the Library and its individual branches, as well as materials documenting the history of the Alexandria Library. Documents include annual reports, financial records, correspondence, project files, and other administrative documentation. Also included in this series are ephemera and realia, photographs and other graphic materials, and some oversized materials.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis sub-series contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, as well as its individual branches. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1938 through 1942. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1943 through 1946. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1947 through 1948. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1949 through 1950. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1951 through 1953. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1954 through 1956. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1957 through 1959. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1960 through 1961. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1964. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis sub-series contains administrative and financial records of the Alexandria Library. Documents include correspondence, budgets and other financial records, affirmative action records, bylaws and agreements, official city proclamations, gift records, and other administrative materials.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to administrative and financial dealings of the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1937 through the 1950s. Documents include final copies of bylaws, charters, and agreements as well as draft documents, reference materials, and related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to administrative and financial dealings of the Alexandria Library system, dating from the 1950s through the 1992. Documents include final copies of bylaws, charters, and agreements as well as draft documents, reference materials, and related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to the Affirmative Action plan put in place for the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1975.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to the Affirmative Action policy used to create an Affirmative Action plan for the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1976.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to the Affirmative Action plans for the City of Alexandria, dating from 1976 and 1980. Documents include final Affirmative Action plans from both 1976 and 1980.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to the Affirmative Action plans for the Alexandria Public Library, dating from 1978 through 1982. Documents include reference material used to create the Affirmative Action plans including OSHA Recordkeeping guidelines and guidelines from the Department of Equal Employment Opportunity for the City of Alexandria. Other documents include Alexandria Public Library's Affirmative Action goals, and related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to the Affirmative Action reports for the Alexandria Public Library system, dating from 1974 through 1976. Documents include final Affirmative Action and Equal Employment Opportunity reports, and related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to the Affirmative Action reports for the Alexandria Public Library system, dating from 1977 through 1980. Documents include final Affirmative Action and Equal Employment Opportunity reports, sample forms, reference materials, and related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to the Affirmative Action reports for the Alexandria Public Library system, dating from 1981 through 1987. Documents include final Affirmative Action and Equal Employment Opportunity reports, sample forms, membership reports, reference materials, and related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to the Budget for the Alexandria Public Library system, dated from 1938 through 1944. Documents include draft material, proposed yearly budgets, final budget reports, press related to the budget, and related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to the Budget for the Alexandria Public Library system, dated from 1945 through 1948. Documents include draft material, proposed yearly budgets, final budget reports, press related to the budget, and related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to the Budget for the Alexandria Public Library system, dated from 1949 through 1951. Documents include proposed yearly budgets, final budget reports, and related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to the Budget for the Alexandria Public Library system, dated from 1951 through 1953. Documents include draft material, proposed yearly budgets, final budget reports, and related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to the Budget for the Alexandria Public Library system, dated from 1953 through 1955. Documents include draft material, proposed yearly budgets, final budget reports, and related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to the Budget for the Alexandria Public Library system, dated from 1955 through 1959. Documents include draft material, proposed yearly budgets, final budget reports, and related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to the Budget for the Alexandria Public Library system, dated from 1955 through 1959. Documents include , proposed yearly budgets, final budget reports, reference materials, and related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to the budget for the City of Alexandria's City Planning and Capital Improvement programs in regard to the Alexandria Public Library system, dated from 1950 through 1961. Documents include final budget reports, proposed budgets, proposed building projects, draft material, reference material, and related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to Rules, Regulations, and Review articles for the Alexandria Public Library system, dated from 1937 through 1955. Documents include inquiries regarding librarian salaries of other Virginia public libraries, proposed rules and regulations for Alexandria Public Library, final rules and regulations for Alexandria Public Library, meeting minutes, library directories, press regarding the library, and related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains a 2014 copy of the introduced House Joint Resolution No. 418 which details the historical significance of the 1939 Alexandria Library Sit-in to the House of Delegates, Mayor of Alexandria, and General Assembly and proposes that this information be conveyed at an upcoming ceremony.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to correspondence to and from Alexandria Library, dated from 1937 through 1951. Documents included correspondence, press regarding Alexandria Public Library, proposals for the planning and construction of the Robert Robinson Library, and other related notes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to correspondence to and from Alexandria Library, dated from 1952 through 1961. Documents include written correspondence, meeting and presentation notes, book acquisitions and acquisition proposals, and other related notes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to the professional and nonprofessional duties within public libraries set forth by the American Library Association, dated from 1948. Documents include the preliminary draft of the Descriptive List of Professional and Nonprofessional Duties in Libraries handbook.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to position descriptions and pay plans for Virginia public libraries, dated from 1950. Documents include a guidebook detailing all positions available with Virginia public libraries, their position descriptions, and recommended qualifications.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to \"Position Classification and Salary Administration in Libraries\", dated from 1951. Documents include a handbook titled \"Position Classification and Salary Administration in Libraries\", written by the American Library Association, detailing guides and standards for library administrative staff to utilize when creating administrative plans.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to information and guidelines for new City of Alexandria employees, dated from 1950 to 1986. Documents include guidebooks detailing fundamental information regarding being employed by the City of Alexandria, code of ethics, and guidelines for managers to effectively communicate employee evaluations.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis sub-series contains records documenting circulation statistics of the Library.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to circulation statistics for the Alexandria Library system, dated from 1937 through 1940. Documents include overall number of books circulated during a given year and ledgers detailing the number and genre of Adult books circulated each day of the year that the library was open to the public.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to circulation statistics for the Alexandria Library system, dated from 1937 through 1940. Documents include ledgers detailing the number and genre of Children's books circulated each day of the year that the library was open to the public.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to circulation statistics for the Alexandria Library system, dated from 1941 through 1942. Documents include ledgers detailing the number and genre of Adult and Children's books circulated each day of the year that the library was open to the public.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to circulation statistics for the Alexandria Library system, dated from 1943 through 1944. Documents include ledgers detailing the number and genre of Adult and Children's books circulated each day of the year that the library was open to the public.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to circulation statistics for the Alexandria Library system, dated from 1944 through 1949. Documents include ledgers detailing the number and genre of Adult and Children's books circulated each day of the year that the library was open to the public.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to circulation statistics for the Alexandria Library system, dated from 1949 through 1953. Documents include ledgers detailing the number and genre of Adult and Children's books circulated each day of the year that the library was open to the public.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to circulation statistics for the Alexandria Library system, dated from 1949. Documents include ledgers detailing the number and genre of Adult and Children's books circulated each day of the year that the library was open to the public.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to circulation statistics for the Alexandria Library system, dated from 1944 through 1946. Documents include ledgers detailing the number and genre of Adult and Children's books circulated each day of the year that the library was open to the public.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis sub-series contains materials of mixed formats documenting the history of the Library and its programming and outreach work. Documents include scrapbooks, posters, news clippings, correspondence, administrative documents, event programs, and photographs.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains materials pertaining to Alexandria Library history, dating from 1957-1961. Documents include newspaper clippings from various local newspapers, event photos, correspondence, and other related notes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to the history of Alexandria Library, dated from c. 1960. Documents include notes, correspondence, and copies of newspaper articles relating to the library.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to the history of Alexandria Library. Documents include copies of events schedules, event programs, summaries of the library's history, copies of newspaper articles relating to the library, and other related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to the history of Alexandria Library, dated from 1937 through 1947. Documents include newspaper clippings that detail library history, press, and publicity.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to the history of Alexandria Library, dated from 1955 through 1973. Documents include newspaper clippings that detail library history, press, and publicity.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to the history of Alexandria Library, dated from 1936 through 1954. Documents include summaries of the library's history, copies of newspaper articles relating to the library, and other related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to the history of Alexandria Library, dated from 1945 through 1985. Documents include copies of newspaper articles relating to the library, and other related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to publicity correspondence for Alexandria Library, dated from c. 1954-1986. Documents include correspondence relating to proposed exhibits, cosmetic changes to library branches, research inquiries, proof of membership, thank-you messages, plans for library news releases, and other related notes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to press releases for Alexandria Library, dated from 1947-1986. Documents include drafts of news releases, draft 5-year plan documents, descriptions of upcoming library programs, mock-ups for news articles relating to the library, and other related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to events related to Alexandria Library, dated from 1954 through 1992. Documents include programs from library events and other notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains biographical research materials about James M. Duncan, Jr. (the namesake of the Duncan Branch) which were collected by branch managers of Duncan Branch. Materials include notes, newsclippings, and photocopies of newsclippings.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains photographs of the 1995 ribbon cutting ceremony celebrating the re-opening of the Kate Waller Barrett Branch after renovations.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Eight people, presumed to be library officials, stand on the main floor of the Barrett Branch in front of a seated audience, in the midst of a ribbon cutting ceremony. The smiling officials cutting the red ribbon, who include six men and two women, are dressed professionally and each holds their own pair of scissors. Behind them are shelves of library books and a set of stairs that lead up to the second floor of the library. The seated audience of men and women watches as the ceremony proceeds. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #402\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Eight people, presumed to be library officials, stand on the main floor of the Barrett Branch in front of a seated audience, in the midst of a ribbon cutting ceremony. The officials, who include six men and two women, have not yet cut the red ribbon and are dressed professionally. Each of the eight officials holds their own pair of scissors. Behind them are shelves of library books and a set of stairs that up to the second floor of the library. The seated audience of men and women watches as the ceremony proceeds. The photograph is dated September 10th, 1995. Photo previously labeled #403\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. This candid photo of men and women milling around the first floor of the Barrett Branch was taken, presumably, after the conclusion of the ceremony. Some of the people pictured are in conversation with one another, while others are taking in their surroundings. In the foreground is a podium framed on either side by yellow flowers and an American flag. In the background are library books shelves and a set of stairs that lead up to the second floor of the library. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #404\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. This candid photo was taken amidst a crowd of people attending the ceremony on the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library. The men and women of various ages stand milling around the space. Some are in conversation with one another while others look in many directions, taking in their surroundings. Visible in the background is the entrance to the library that consists of floor to ceiling windows allowing natural daylight to stream in. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #405\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. The photo is of several people standing around on the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library. The three men and one woman in the foreground are in conversation with each other but only the two men on the right have realized the group is being photographed. The two men on the right are looking at the camera and smiling, while the women is still speaking and the third man is looking to his right with his back to the photographer. In the background are other people, some in conversation and some not, as well as empty chairs set up against filled bookshelves. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #406\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. A large audience of men and women have filled the main floor of the Barrett Branch, presumably watching as the ceremony unfolds. Some of the people are sitting in the middle of the space while the rest of the crowd have filled the available standing room, even standing in the sunlight filled entrance vestibule, at the back of the room, to catch a glimpse through the floor to ceiling windows. Regardless of placement, almost all the audience members have their attentions set on the events happening behind the camera, just out of frame. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #407\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Two women stand posing for a picture, on the main floor of the Barrett Branch, presumably after the conclusion of the ceremony. With their arms around each other, the woman on the left looks directly at the camera while the women on the right smiles at something out of frame on the left. In the background are more people, men and women, milling around the large indoor space. Some are in conversation with one another and others are simply moving about the space. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #409\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. The photo is of two smiling men and a young child posing for a picture together. On the left, the young child stands holding the hand of the man in the middle who has brown hair and mustache, is wearing glasses and is dressed in a dark-colored suit with a white shirt and red patterned tie. The man on the right, who stands with his hand on the shoulder of the man in the middle, has white hair and is wearing glasses and a dark-colored suit with a white shirt and blue tie. All three stand under a half visible, gold-framed, painted portrait of Kate Waller Barrett that is hanging on the wall behind them. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #410\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Three men and two children stand posing for a picture together. The three men are all wearing dark-colored suits with light-colored shirts and ties. The two children, one boy and one girl, stand in front of the men in the middle and on the right. The boy wears a light-colored button-down shirt and striped dress pants while the girl wears a striped, long-sleeve dress with black tights and black shoes with pink shoelaces. All five smile at the camera as they pose under a gold-framed, painted portrait of Kate Waller Barrett. The woman in the portrait has her white hair tied back in a bun and sits, posed in profile, and is wearing dark-colored clothes, with floral accents. A gold cross pendant hangs from her neck and a brooch is pinned to her chest. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #411\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. A woman stands posing for a picture with the portrait of Kate Waller Barrett hanging near the entrance of the Barrett Branch Library. The woman, dressed in a red blazer and skirt, smiles as she looks to left at something just out of frame. She stands below the gold-framed, painted portrait of Kate Waller Barrett. In the portrait, Kate Waller Barrett has her white hair tied back into a bun and sits, posed in profile, wearing dark-colored clothes, with floral accents. A gold cross pendant hangs from her neck and a brooch is pinned to her chest. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #412\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Three men and two children stand posing for a picture together under the portrait of Kate Waller Barrett that hangs near the entrance of the Barrett Branch Library. The man on the left has white hair and is wearing glasses, a dark-colored suit, a light-colored shirt and blue tie. He has his hand on the shoulder of the little girl to the right of him who wears a striped long-sleeve dress with black tights and black shoes with pink laces. The little girl holds the hand of the man in the middle who wears a dark-colored suit with a light-colored shirt and dark patterned tie. Next to him, on the right, stands the little boy who wears a light-colored button-down shirt and striped dress pants. The little boy holds the hand of the last man on the right who has brown hair and mustache, glasses, and wears a dark-colored suit with a light-colored shirt and red patterned tie. All five stand beneath the gold-framed, painted portrait of Kate Waller Barrett who has her white hair tied back into a bun. She sits, posed in profile, and is wearing dark-colored clothes, with floral accents, with a gold cross pendant hanging from her neck and a brooch pinned to her chest. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #413\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. The candid photograph is of four men standing in front of the portrait of Kate Waller Barrett that hangs near the entrance to the library. The two men on the left are greeting each other and the two men on the right are standing separately both looking in opposite directions towards things just out of frame. All the men are dressed in suits and ties and three out of four are wearing glasses. The leftmost man is holding multiple pairs of scissors and the second man from the right is holding an event program. Behind them, hanging on the wall is the gold-framed, painted portrait of Kate Waller Barrett who has white hair tied back into a bun and sits, posed in profile, wearing dark-colored clothes, with floral accents, with a gold cross pendant hanging from her neck and a brooch pinned to her chest. Also in the background, off to the left, is a child, seemingly in motion, appearing blurry in the photograph. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #414\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. The candid photograph is of a group of men and women standing around a table of computers on the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library. On the round table there are four white computers, each with their own keyboard and mouse. Two of the computers are in use, one by a man in dark dress pants and white shirt and the other by two people, a woman and young man, working together. In the background are other people milling about as well as library bookshelves and a set of stairs leading to the second floor of the library. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #415\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. The candid photograph is of two groups of men and women, some sitting and some standing, inside of the library presumably before the ceremony begins. To left is a group of seated people, partially blocked from view by a desk, and to the right is a group of men standing together in conversation. Between the two groups sits a small stage with an American flag, bordered at the front by small pots of yellow flowers. In the background are rows of both tall and short bookshelves in front of a glass-front room. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #416\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of two women and one man standing in conversation with one another. The two women are both in light-colored dresses and the woman on the right faces away from the camera and carries a purse. The man wears glasses and is dressed in a light-colored suit with a white dress shirt and patterned tie. The woman on the left looks across to the woman on the right as she and the man in the middle are looking at each other. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #417\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of men and women milling about inside the Barrett Branch. The people in the foreground seem to be in conversation with each other while others are having separate conversations in the background. The photo is being taken from behind a bookshelf decorated with a potted plant whose leaves have just started to come in to frame on the right side of the photo. Behind the people are more bookshelves, decorated with flowers, and a glass-front room. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #418\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photo of four men, one woman, and two children. Every person pictured is looking in a different direction, some seeming to be moving towards different parts of the room and appearing blurry in the photo. All of the men are dressed in suits, the woman wears a pink buttoned jacket, the little boy wears a light-color button-down, and the little girl wears a striped long-sleeve dress. Behind them on the wall hangs a gold-framed, painted portrait of Kate Waller Barrett who has white hair tied back into a bun and sits, posed in profile, wearing dark-colored clothes, with floral accents. A gold cross pendant is hanging from her neck and a brooch is pinned to her chest. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #419\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. The photo is of the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library. In the library stands many men, women, and children milling about the space. Some are in conversation with one another, while others take in their surroundings or speak to people sitting behind the circulation desk to the left of the photo. To the right of the photo is the beginning of a staircase that leads to the second floor of the library. Visible from the balcony, the second floor is filled with bookshelves. In the background, on the lower level, stands a small stage and podium framed by small pots of yellow flowers and an American flag as well as a glass-front room whose windows are letting in bright daylight. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #420\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. The photo is of the main floor of the Barrett Branch and there are men and women milling around in the space, some in conversation with one another and others taking in their surroundings. On the right side of the picture, some of the people stand in front of the circulation desk, decorated with pots of yellow and orange flowers. On the left side of the picture are some glass display cases displaying open books. In the background are the floor to ceiling windows of the entrance vestibule that are providing bright, natural light to the room. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #421\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Pictured is a large audience of men and women on the main floor of the Barrett Branch. Some of the people are sitting in the middle of the room while the rest of the crowd have begun filling in the available standing room, even standing in the sunlight filled entrance vestibule, at the back of the crowd, to catch a glimpse through the floor to ceiling windows. Regardless of placement, almost all the audience members have their attentions set on the events happening behind the camera, just out of frame. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #422\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a group of men and women, of differing ages, standing around a table of computers. At the round table, there are two people with their backs to the camera sharing the same computer, to their right is one woman at the next computer, and the next computer has a group of four sharing the same computer. In the foreground is a shelf that has been decorated with a pot of flowers, that have taken up the left side of the picture. In the background, behind the group of people at the computers is glass-front room and a few people within. Inside the room are bookshelves on the left wall and tables and chairs filling the middle. The windows on the back wall have had their blinds drawn to shade the interior from the bright daylight shining through. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #423\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of some people, both men and women, looking at the available materials on the bookshelves around them on the second floor of the Barrett Branch Library. Some of the men and women are browsing the shelves while others have begun reading their chosen materials. In the foreground are shorter bookshelves, with one man crouching to get a better look at the offerings on the bottom shelf. In the background are taller bookshelves, that almost reach from floor to ceiling. Behind the taller bookshelves are some tables and chairs that have been backlit by the daylight coming through the windows on the back wall. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #424\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a seated audience facing a group of people who seem like library officials seated at the front of the room. The seated audience is facing away from the camera and the group of men and women at the front of the room are applauding in welcome to the man who is standing at the front of the room. He has brown hair and mustache, is wearing glasses and a grey suit with dark tie. Off to the right of the photo is a staircase that leads to the second floor whose balcony sits above the group of clapping men and women. Behind them stands bookshelves, completely filled, that almost reach from floor to ceiling. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #425\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a woman speaking to an audience from an elevated podium. The woman, dressed in a red blazer and white shirt, is looking through her glasses out over the audience. Behind her is both short and tall bookshelves, as well as a wall of glass, and to the left stands an American flag. The woman at the podium stands below the second-floor balcony of the Barrett Branch where three musicians sit with music stands in front of them and bookshelves at their back. In the foreground, somewhat blocking the view of the seated audience, is the circulation desk topped with stacks of paper. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #426\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a seated audience, extending out of frame, who have their attention on a man speaking from an elevated podium. The man at podium, dressed in a dark-colored suit with a white shirt and red tie, is looking down at the podium through his glasses. Behind the podium are rows of book shelves, both short and tall with some decorated with flowers, as well as a glass-front room. The man at the podium stands beneath the second-floor balcony of the Barrett Branch Library. Visible through the balcony's railing are filled bookshelves. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #427\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a man speaking from behind a podium. The man is standing, dressed in a dark-colored suit with a white shirt and dark patterned tie, looking down at the podium through his dark tinted glasses. Behind him are rows of book shelves, both short and tall with some decorated with flowers, as well as a glass-front room. The podium stands below the second-floor balcony of the Barrett Branch Library where three chairs and two music stands are set up. The right most chair is occupied by a person in white shirt and dark pants. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #428\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a woman speaking from an elevated podium. The woman, dressed in a blue dress and matching blue jacket, looks out to an audience just out of frame and she is observed by a small panel of professionally dressed men and women, presumed to be other library officials, on the right side of the picture. The picture is being taken from behind the circulation desk, complete with computer, receipt printer, and landline phone. A pot of yellow, orange and red flowers sits atop the desk, partially blocking an American flag from view. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #429\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a woman speaking from an elevated podium in front of an audience of people that extends out of frame. The woman, dressed in a pink blazer over a dark patterned dress with a string of pearls around her neck, is looking down at the podium while the audience listens. Behind her are rows of book shelves, both short and tall with some decorated with flowers, as well as a glass-front room. The speaker and podium stand beneath an the second-floor balcony of the Barrett Branch Library, where three chairs, music stands, and musicians are seated and viewable through the balcony's railing. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #430\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains photographs of the 1995 ribbon cutting ceremony celebrating the re-opening of the Kate Waller Barrett Branch after renovations.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a man speaking to an audience, extending out of frame, from an elevated podium. The man, dressed in a dark-colored suit with white shirt and dark patterned tie, is looking down at the podium while holding up a closed book in his right hand and paper in his left hand. Behind him are rows of short and tall bookshelves, some decorated with flowers, in front of a glass-front room. Above the podium sits the second-floor balcony of the Barrett Branch Library. Through the railing, three chairs, music stands, and musicians can be seen in front of filled bookshelves. In the foreground, on the left side of the picture, is the circulation desk topped with stacks of papers. The photo is dated from 1995. Photo previously labeled #431\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a woman speaking from an elevated podium to audience, which extends out of frame. The woman is dressed in a matching blue jacket and dress, and looks out over the audience at something not visible as the audience turns to follow her gaze. To her left and right are men in dark-colored suits and ties that also follow her line-of-sight. Behind her are bookshelves, both tall and short, and a glass-front room. Above the podium is the second-floor balcony and through the railing, three chairs, music stands, and musicians can be seen in front of filled bookshelves. In the foreground, blocking some of the audience from view, is the circulation desk with a computer and piles of paper. The photo is dated from 1995. Photo previously labeled #432\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. This slightly out of focus, color candid photograph is of a woman speaking from an elevated podium to an audience that is seated just out of frame. The woman, dressed in a pink jacket over a dark, patterned dress, is bordered by a group of seated men and women, presumed to be other library officials, on the right and an American flag on the left. Above the woman at the podium is the second-floor balcony and behind her are tall bookshelves and a glass front room. The photo is being taken from behind the circulation desk which has a computer and a pot of yellow, red and orange flowers. The photo is dated from 1995. Photo previously labeled #433\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a group of men and women in conversation with each other amidst the ribbon cutting ceremony. The group consists of four men and two women, presumed to be library officials, who trade smiles and handshakes in front of a clapping audience. Some of the members of the group are still holding scissors and the pieces of red ribbon that were cut as part of the ceremony. Behind them are bookshelves that extend backward into the space. The photo is dated from 1995. Photo previously labeled #434\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a group of men and women amidst the ribbon cutting ceremony. The group consists of three men and two women, some still holding scissors and pieces of the red ribbon cut during the ceremony. The smiling woman in the middle has offered a handshake to the man to the left of her as the audience applauds them. Behind the ribbon cutters are tall and short bookshelves that extend backwards into the space. The photo is dated from 1995. Photo previously labeled #435\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photo of a group of three men and one woman, presumed to be library officials, are trading smiles and the woman offers a handshake to the man on the far left. The woman has grey hair and wears a matching blue jacket and dress. The men are dressed professionally in suits and ties. They stand in front of a small stage and podium, lined with small pots of yellow flowers and decorated by an American flag. Behind them are bookshelves, both tall and short, that extend backwards toward a glass-front room. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #436\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. This candid photograph depicts several people standing behind the main circulation desk on the first floor of the Barrett Branch. In the foreground of the photo is a woman wearing a magenta dress and holding two books. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #408\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor portrait of an outdoor sign from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library after renovations were completed in 1995. On a bright, sunny day at the corner of a red-brick building sits a white sign that reads \"The 200 Block of North Columbus St. Welcomes the New Library\" and just below that it reads \"Thank You\". Propped up on a wooden easel, the sign is decorated by a single gold, metallic balloon that is moving with the wind. Behind the sign to the right are row houses and a parked car. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #441\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, a group of presumed library officials sit next to a stage and listen to the woman speaking from the podium. The woman has white hair and is dressed in a matching blue jacket and dress turns her head to welcome another woman who making her way to an empty chair among the group of officials. The woman being welcomed has tied back, brown hair and glasses and is wearing a colorful dress and black, t-strap shoes. Some of the men and women in the group of officials clap while others offer warm smiles to the approaching woman. Behind them is a small circulation desk and filled bookshelves. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #442\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor portrait photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, a group of presumed library staff stand behind the circulation desk and smile at the camera. Four women are directly behind the desk and five more seem to be coming out of the room just behind the desk. Some of the other women have realized their picture is being taken and look at the camera, while others have not and continue their conversations with one another. One man stands in front of the desk and has turned to face the camera while a final woman seems to being walking past him. Folding chairs are set up and extend out of frame and because each still has a paper program on it, it is likely the event has not yet started. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #443\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, two group of presumed library officials both sit and stand next to a small stage. Though not all the chairs are filled, the seated group includes three women and four men, all dressed professionally, who seem to be waiting for the event to start. The standing group, consisting of three men and two women, are all in conversation with one another. The woman in the middle with white hair, blue dress and light-colored purse is speaking and the remainder of the standing group leans in to listen. Behind them is the stage, decorated with an American flag, and both tall and short bookshelves that extend out of frame. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #444\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera aims at the circulation desk and the people that stand around it. Presumed to be library staff, four women stand together and all but one is smiling up at the camera. Other people, presumed to be library staff and officials, stand around the desk. Some are in conversation and others are looking in different directions around the room. In front of the circulation desk, extending out of frame, are rows of folding chairs each with a paper program on the seats. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #445\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Set up on the second-floor balcony of the Barrett Branch, are three female musicians in the midst of performing. All three are wearing white dress shirts and black bottoms and each sit in her own wooden chair across from sheet music on a music stand and plays from a flute. Behind them are a man and a woman in conversation leaning over the balcony railing to get a better view of what is going on the floor below. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #446\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, pictured is a man in a dark suit and tie speaking from a podium on a small elevated stage, which he shares with an American flag. Bordering the front of the stage are small pots of yellow flowers. To the left and right of the stage sit two groups of men and women, presumably library officials who have their attention on the man speaking. Behind them are rows of both tall and short bookshelves that extend back into the room and out of frame. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #447\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Men and women of varying ages stand milling around the main floor of the Barrett Branch library seeming after the conclusion of the ceremony. In the foreground, one man sits at a table with his hands on a computer keyboard and converses with the two women who are speaking to him. The woman on the left has short brown hair and wears a blue jacket and the woman on the right has short greying hair and wears a white shirt, denim bottoms, and carries a small purse. In the background is a larger group pf men and women, gathered around a table of computers. Behind are bookshelves that extend to the other side of the room where more people sit at tables in conversation. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #448\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Outside the front entrance of the Barrett Branch Library, in the shade of a tree, is a group of men and women who seem to be waiting for the library to open and for the ceremony to begin. On the front doors, illuminated by the sun, two signs read \"Re-opening\" and \"Sept. 10, 2PM\". Some of the group are sitting on the red brick retaining wall outside of the library while other stand in conversation closer to the entrance. The building is red brick, with white columns and white doors. A large, half-moon shaped windows sits atop the doors allowing natural light to fill the entrance vestibule within. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #449\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. The photo is aimed at the circulation desk where some people have begun to converse with the library staff behind the desk. In front of the desk, the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library has been filled with folding chairs where a few people have begun to sit. There are folded programs on each of the folding chairs, suggesting that the ceremony has not yet begun. On the right side of the picture are bookshelves that fill the space at the back of the main floor as well as the second floor, which is visible through the balcony railing. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #450\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the picture is focused on the group of men and women standing against the wall behind the circulation desk. There are nine women and two men visible, dressed professionally, and most of them seem to have their attention on something happening just out of frame on the right. In front of the desk on the left is the beginnings of a seated audience and starting from the circulation desk extending out of frame across the front of the audience stretches the red ribbon that has yet to be cut. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #451\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. A group of two men, one woman, and one young man are standing in conversation with each other next to a round table that currently holds computers, of which only the keyboards and mice are visible. The young man has dark hair and wears a blue collared shirt and the woman he is next to has short brown hair and wears a blue patterned dress and carries a white purse. The two men are both dressed in dark suits with light dress shirts. The man with glasses wears a dark tie. Behind them are some table and chairs separating the group from the tall book shelves that extend out passed both sides of frame. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #452\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, two men are pictured in conversation with each other while standing behind a podium on a small elevated stage. The men both wear suits with light-colored shirts, and the viewer is clearly able to see that the man on the left is wearing glasses and a tie. The man on the right has his back to the camera because his attention is on the other man who seems to be explaining something while pointing to something just out of sight on the left. In front of the stage are small pots of yellow flowers and beside the stage are rows of wooden chairs that have yet to be filled. Each chair has a folded program that seems to suggest the ceremony has yet to begin. Behind the men and the stage are bookshelves, both tall and short, that are filled with material. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #453\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Pointed toward the interior entrance of the Barrett Branch, taken from the opposite end of the main floor, men and women are milling about the space presumably after the conclusion of the ribbon cutting. In the foreground are men and women using the available computers and in front of them is a large gathering of people milling around the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library. Some seem to be in conversation with one another, while other seem to simply be moving around the space. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #454\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at where the ceremony will be held. A large seated audience of men and women is forming behind a red ribbon that has been stretched from the circulation desk to the staircase's railing on the opposite side of the room. The men and women standing behind the circulation desk are, presumably, library staff and the few men and women that stand on the other side of the red ribbon from the audience are the library officials that will be speaking during the ceremony. The library officials seem to be looking at someone just out of frame and two of them are waving to try and get their attention. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #455\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at the main floor of the Barrett Branch where folding chairs have been set up in the middle of the room for an audience that has begun filing in. Men and women of varying ages and dress are coming in through the bright, naturally lit entrance vestibule, stopping at the circulation desk, before finding an empty seat. The men and women behind the circulation desk are, presumably, library staff who are either in conversation with one another or watching the people who are filing into the library. Just in front of the audience, stretching from the circulation desk to the railing of the staircase at the opposite of the room, is a red ribbon that is being handled by a woman in a dark top and patterned skirt. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #456\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points at a small group of men and women who are seated in wooden chairs to the left of a small stage with a podium. Seated in two rows, the group consists of four women and three men, and are presumed to be library officials. They are all in professional dress, either in suits and ties or dresses and blazers, and the front row seems to be conversation with each other. Just behind them, extending backward into the space, are filled bookshelves. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #457\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a man speaking from a podium on a small elevated stage. The man, wearing glasses and dressed in a grey-colored suit with a white shirt and dark-colored tie, holds a book in one hand and paper in the other as he looks out at the audience in front of him. The men and women seated next to the stage, who are presumed to be library officials, have their attention on the speaker. The stage is bordered in the front by small pots of yellow flowers and framed in the back by bookshelves that extend backward into the space. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #458\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a small elevated stage and podium and the men and women that surround it. The men and women, presumed to be library officials, stand with their hands over their hearts as they face the American flag that sits on the stage. All professionally dressed, only one man and one woman stand on the stage while the others stand to either side as they seem to recite the Pledge of Allegiance. Behind the stage are rows of bookshelves that extend backwards and out of frame. Above the stage is the second-floor balcony of the Barrett Branch. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #459\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a small elevated stage and podium and the men and women that surround it. On the stage stands a brown-haired woman, wearing a floral-patterned dress and pink blazer, speaking from a podium to the audience that sits in front of her just out of view. On either side of the stage sits other men and women, presumed to be library officials, who have their attention on the woman at the podium. Framing the front of the stage are small pots of yellow flowers and behind the stage, extending backwards out of frame, are bookshelves. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #460\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains photographs of the 1995 ribbon cutting ceremony celebrating the re-opening of the Kate Waller Barrett Branch after renovations.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a small elevated stage and podium and the people that surround it. Although the picture is out of focusing, appearing blurry, a woman with red hair and glasses, wearing a red blazer and skirt, can be seen speaking from the podium. With their attention on the speaker at the podium, the men and women that sit next to the stage are presumed to be library officials. The stage, framed at the front by small pots of yellow flowers, backs up to rows of short bookshelves that extend backward out of frame. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #461\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a small elevated stage and podium and the people that surround it. On the stage, standing at the podium, is a man with glasses wearing a dark-colored suit and tie with a red pocket square. He looks down at the paper on the podium as he speaks to the audience in front of him, sitting just out of view. The men and women sitting next to the stage, presumed to be library officials, are dressed professionally as some turn their attention toward the speaker. The front of the stage is framed by small pots of yellow flowers and rows of short bookshelves sit at the back of the stage. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #462\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down on the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library where the audience sits as the ribbon ceremony goes on. On the left side of the picture, many men and women sit in folding chairs as they listen to the man speaking from the small elevated stage and podium in front of them. Stretching from the circulation desk, across the room, to the railing of the staircase is a red ribbon that separates the audience from the men and women on and around the stage. There are also men and women that stand behind the circulation desk, presumed to be library staff, that have their attention on the man at the podium, who is dressed in a dark-colored suit with a light-colored shirt. On either side of the stage, separated from the general audience, sit other men and women who are presumed to be library officials. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #463\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down on the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library where the audience sits as the ribbon ceremony goes on. On the right side of the picture sits a large audience of men and women that extends backwards out if frame. They are separated from the small stage and podium by a red ribbon that stretches from the circulation desk, across the room, to the railing of the staircase that leads to the second floor. Behind the circulation desk stands a few men and women, who are presumed to be library staff, who have their attention on the man that speaks from the podium. The speaker, dressed in a dark-colored suit and tie, looks down at the paper on the podium as he addresses the audience in front of him. The people sitting to left and right of the stage, who are separate from the general audience, are presumed to be library officials who are part of the ceremony proceedings. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #464\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a man standing in behind a podium on a small elevated stage. The man, dressed in a grey-colored suit and glasses, seems to have his head tilted down in pause to accept the applause he is receiving from the people around him. Next to the stage sits a group of men and women who are presumed to be library officials. One man and one woman can be seen clapping for the man on the stage. The front of the stage is framed by small pots of yellow flowers and the back of the stage is bordered by short bookshelves that extend backward out of view. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #465\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a woman standing behind a podium on a small elevate stage. The woman has grey hair, dressed in a matching blue dress and blazer, and looks out at the audience seated in front of her, just out of view. There is a group of men and women seated in three rows next to the stage, presumed to be library officials, who look and listen to the woman speaking from the podium. Behind the stage and the group of library officials are some tall and short bookshelves that extend backward into the space and out of frame. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #466\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library where men and women are milling around presumably after the ribbon has been cut officially opening the library. The men and women, of all ages and in varying dress, are either in conversation with one another or are on the move to a different part of the space. Some are making their way up the stairs and past whomever is taking the picture while others are moving towards the rows of bookshelves that extend backward out of frame. Barely visible amongst the people is a small stage and podium where library officials had spoken during the ceremony. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #467\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a small stage and the men and women that surround it. On the stage, standing behind a podium, is grey-haired woman in a matching blue dress and blazer who speaks to the audience seated in front of her, just out of view. On either side of the stage where the woman in blue is speaking from, sits two groups of men and women, presumed to be library officials, who have attention on the woman in blue. The front of the stage is framed with small pots of yellow flowers and the back is bordered by short bookshelves that extend backward into the space. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #468\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at the main floor of the Barret Branch where people have begun to move about the space, presumably, at the conclusion of the ribbon cutting ceremony. Some of the men and women are in conversation with each other while others have begun exploring the space and materials available. Visible among the crowd is the circulation desk, with a few staff members working from behind it. Across the room, also visible among the crowd, is the small stage and podium that library officials spoke from during the ceremony. Above the crowd, on the right side of the picture, is the second-floor balcony which has been populated by more exploring people. The photo is dated from 1995. Photo previously labeled #469\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a small stage and podium. Standing behind the podium is a man with glasses, wearing a dark-colored suit and tie, who is looking down at the papers on the podium in front of him. To one side of the stage is small group of men and women who are seated in three rows, all in professional dress. This small group of people are presumed to be library officials, as is the man in a grey-colored suit that is seated behind the stage. Behind the stage are short bookshelves that extend backward out of frame and the front of the stage is line with small pots of yellow flowers. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #470\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at the main floor of the Barret Branch wear a stage sits before a large seated audience. Separating the audience from the stage is a long red ribbon stretching from the circulation desk across the room to the staircase's railing. Behind the circulation desk, standing with their backs to the wall, are men and women who seem to be part of the library staff. On the stage stands a brown-haired woman, wearing a floral-patterned dress and pink blazer, speaking from a podium to the audience that sits in front of her. On either side of the stage sits other men and women, presumed to be library officials, who have their attention on the woman at the podium. Framing the front of the stage are small pots of yellow flowers and behind the stage, extending backwards out of frame, are bookshelves. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #471\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at the main floor of the Barret Branch wear a stage sits before a large seated audience. Separating the audience from the stage is a long red ribbon stretching from the circulation desk across the room to the staircase's railing. Behind the circulation desk, standing with their backs to the wall, are men and women who seem to be part of the library staff. On the stage stands a man with glasses, wearing a grey-colored suit, speaking from a podium to the audience that sits in front of him. On either side of the stage sits other men and women, presumed to be library officials, who have their attention on the man at the podium. Framing the front of the stage are small pots of yellow flowers and behind the stage, extending backwards out of frame, are bookshelves. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #472\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a small stage and podium as well as the people that surround it. Speaking from the podium stands a man with glasses, in a grey-colored suit and tie, who looks down at the paper in front of him. On either side of the stage sits two small groups of men and women, presumed to be library officials, who have their attention on the man on stage. All are professionally dressed and some hold programs probably pertaining to the ceremony. The front of the stage is lined with small pots of yellow flows and behind the stage are rows of short and tall books shelves. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #473\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at two groups of men and women on the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library. The group closest to the camera consists of six men and two women who are professionally dressed and seem to be library officials. Each woman shakes the hand of one of the men in the group. Behind them is a small stage and podium, that is lined with small pots of yellow flowers along the front. In the other side of the stage is another small group of men and women, also thought to be library officials. One woman seated at the front of the group, with white hair and patterned dress, is leaning forward to greet a woman with brown hair, black jacket, and skirt standing in front of her. Behind the two groups and the stage are bookshelves that extend backward out of frame. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #474\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a small group of men and women who are standing, in conversation with each other. The group, consisting of two women and five men, are all professionally dressed and seem to be library officials. Facing away from the camera, one woman with a pink jacket is shaking hands with a man in a dark colored suit and patterned tie. Behind this group is a small, unoccupied stage and podium and on the other side of the stage is another group of seated, presumed, library officials. Behind the stage are bookshelves that extend backwards out of frame. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #475\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. In the foreground of the picture, two unidentified women smile at the camera. The woman on the left has short blond hair, glasses, and wears a patterned collared dress. The woman in the left has dark brown hair and wears a dark blue top with a high neck. Behind them are more men and women who are milling about on the main floor of the Barrett Branch, presumably after the conclusion of the ceremony. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #476\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. The camera is pointed at the line of men and women standing at the circulation desk at the Barrett Branch Library. Presumably, these are members of the public who attended the ribbon cutting and are now exploring the new space after the conclusion of the ceremony. On the upper right-side of the picture, visible through the railing, is the second-floor balcony where people a standing amongst the bookshelves. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #477\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a man standing on a small stage, behind a podium. Though the camera is unfocused and the photo appears slightly blurry it can be determined that the man, dressed in a dark-colored suit with a white pocket square, looks down at the papers on the podium as the small group of men and women seated on the other side of the stage have their attention on him. The small group of men and women, who are dressed professionally, are presumed to be library officials that are part of the ribbon cutting ceremony. One other presumed official is seated behind the stage and is reading a piece of paper. Also, behind the stage and the small group of library officials, are rows of bookshelves that extend backward out of frame. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #478\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a line of people who stand facing a seated audience of men and women. The line of people is professionally dressed men and women, presumably library officials, who each hold onto a red ribbon that stretches across the room from the circulation desk to the railing of the staircase. The seated audience and the men and women standing behind the circulation desk smile at the line of officials as they cut the ribbon. One woman, with grey hair and blue dress, holds up her scissors and her portion of the red ribbon in celebration. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #479\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a man in a grey-colored suit who stands on a small stage. Looking down at the orange-handled scissors in hand, he faces a small group of men and women, presumed to be library officials, as they walk towards the left side of the photo. The man on the stage is handing out pairs of scissors to members of the ribbon cutting ceremony as they make their way towards the ribbon that is just out of view. Behind the man and the stage, is another small group of men and women seated in front of bookshelves who watch as the other officials make their way to the ribbon. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #480\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library and the men and women who are filing in before the start of the ceremony. There are folding chairs set up in the middle of the room that a being filled by people coming from the entrance vestibule at the back of the space. Behind the circulation desk stands many men and women, presumed to be library staff, who watch as members of the public take their seats. In front of the audience stretching across the room, from the circulation desk to the railing of the staircase, is a long red ribbon. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #481\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains black and white photographs pertaining to the Robert H. Robinson Library, dated from 1946 to 1950. The photos capture the Robert H. Robinson Library building, staff, and various events.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack and white photograph of Sara Murphy Carr sitting at her desk in the Robert Robinson Branch of Alexandria Library. Carr has short, dark hair and is wearing a light-colored blazer and a dark-colored top underneath. She looks directly at the camera from a chair behind her wooden desk, which is topped with file folders, a box of catalog cards, a folded newspaper, and other items. Behind her is a cart filled books and behind her further are filled bookshelves, some are topped with more books or other décor. The photo is dated c.1948. Photo previously labeled as #494\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack and white photograph of Sara Murphy Carr posing for a picture in the doorway of the Robert Robinson Library. Carr has short, dark hair and is wearing a light-color jacket, dark-colored top, light-colored knee length skirt, with dark-colored shoes. She stands facing the camera and seems to have her hand on the knob of the front door that is slightly ajar behind her. A stoop and front step lead up to the front of the brick building and above the white trimmed door is a sign that reads \"Robert Robinson Library\" in dark letters. The photo is dated c.1948. Photo previously labeled as #495\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack and white candid photograph taken outside the Robert Robinson Library as Miss Bracie enters the building. Facing the front of the library, the photo captures a woman, identified as Miss Bracie, stepping up to the front door of the building. With her back to the camera, Miss Bracie wears a light-colored jacket and skirt, a much lighter-colored hat with black sash, and carries a dark-colored hand bag. The building, made of brick with a dark-colored metal roof, has one brick chimney on the left side and four narrow windows that are evenly separated by the white trimmed front door. Above the front door, just under an outdoor light, is a sign that reads \"Robert Robinson Library\" in dark letters. A cement walkway leads up to the door and is bordered on either side by shrubbery and grass. The photo is dated c.1950. Photo previously labeled as #496\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack and white photograph of Story Hour at Robert Robinson Library. Robinson Librarian Minnie N. Fuller, sits and reads to twelve children who either sit in chairs or kneel on the carpeted floor in front of her. Fuller has short, dark hair and is wearing a light-colored dress with light-colored shoes. Her head is tilted down and away from the camera as she reads the book and the children, both boys and girls, are turned to face her. Behind the children are three windows that have their blinds open. The photo is dated 1950. Photo previously labeled as #497\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack and white photograph of a group of men and women, presumably attending an event, at the Robert H. Robinson Library. Posed in two rows, nine women and three men are pictured together with some looking directly at the camera and others facing in different directions. All are dressed up, with the women in dresses and dress hats and the men in suits. One clergyman stands in the second row and is dressed in a clerical collar. One woman is identified as Alexandria Library Director Ellen Coolidge Burke (first row, second from the left) and she is dressed in a dark jacket, light-colored shirt, light-colored skirt, and dark-colored hat. Behind the group is a wall with a bookshelf and closed door. The photo is dated 1950. Photo previously labeled #498\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack and white candid photograph taken of Story Hour at Robert Robinson Library. Twenty-three children, listen as Robinson Librarian Sara Murphy Carr reads a picture book. Carr is wearing a light-colored outfit and dark-colored shoes. Her hair has been tied back away from her face and she looks down at the open book through her glasses. Many of the children have realized they are being photographed and have turned to face the camera, but a few have their gazes turned elsewhere. The space where the group sits is lined on three sides by filled bookshelves, some topped with more books or other décor. The photo is dated April 1946. Photo previously labeled as #499\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack and white photo of the 10th Anniversary of the Robert H. +Robinson Library. Seated in five rows, a group of men and women, some young and some old, pose for a picture inside the Robert Robinson Library. Not everyone looks directly at the camera, but all are dressed professionally. Some women can be seen wearing hats and dress gloves while the men can be seen in suit and tie. One clergyman sits in the back dressed in his clerical collar. Behind the group, the walls are lined with bookshelves that have been decorated with original art work of varying sizes. The photo is dated 1950. Photo previously labeled as #500\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis sub-series contains records documenting the branches and divisions of the Alexandria Library system including the construction of the branches and information regarding their operations. The branches represented here include the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library, the James M. Duncan Branch Library, the Ellen Coolidge Burke Branch Library, the Robert H. Robinson Library, the \"New Branch\" (later known as the Charles E. Beatley, Jr. Central Library), the Special Services Division, and the Lloyd House (later known as Local History and Special Collections).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains miscellaneous records pertaining to the construction of the building addition to the Kate Waller Barrett branch of Alexandria Library in 1954. Documents include copies of contracts, proof of insurance, and other notes and correspondence related to the proposed addition to the Barrett branch.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to the construction specifications for the building addition to the Kate Waller Barrett branch of Alexandria Library in 1954. Documents include the Specifications report, prepared by the Alexandria Library Board, detailing the proposed requirements for the construction of the addition to the Barrett branch.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains financial records pertaining to the construction of the building addition to the Kate Waller Barrett branch of Alexandria Library in 1954. Documents include copies of vendor invoices, reports of money spent, and other related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to the process of selecting bids for which construction agency would carry out the construction of the building addition to the Kate Waller Barrett branch of Alexandria Library in 1954. Documents include copies of proposals, meeting minutes, press material, and other related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to monthly reports regarding the Robert Robinson branch of Alexandria Library, dating from December 1947 to December 1951. Documents include monthly reports on branch statistics, yearly fiscal report, discard lists, and other related notes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to monthly reports regarding the Robert Robinson branch of Alexandria Library, dating from January 1952 to December 1955. Documents include monthly reports on branch statistics, and other related notes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to monthly reports regarding the Robert Robinson branch of Alexandria Library, dating from January 1956 to May 1959. Documents include monthly reports on branch statistics, and other related notes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series is currently being processed and is not yet available for research use. Please contact Local History / Special Collections staff for more details.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis sub-series is currently being processed and is not yet available for research use. Please contact Local History / Special Collections staff for more details.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis sub-series is currently being processed and is not yet available for research use. Please contact Local History / Special Collections staff for more details.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis sub-series is currently being processed and is not yet available for research use. Please contact Local History / Special Collections staff for more details.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis sub-series is currently being processed and is not yet available for research use. Please contact Local History / Special Collections staff for more details.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis sub-series contains web-published resources that were created by, or are directly related to, the Alexandria Library in Alexandria, Virginia. This includes the Library website, Library social media accounts, Library blog, and the websites of Library friends' groups.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWebsite of the Alexandria Library in Alexandria, Virginia\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFacebook account of the Alexandria Library in Alexandria, Virginia\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInstagram account of the Alexandria Library in Alexandria, Virginia\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwitter account of the Alexandria Library in Alexandria, Virginia\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eYoutube account of the Alexandria Library in Alexandria, Virginia\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlexandria Library's blog which focuses on adult programs, events, and services including news and updates about the Library's collection, services, resources, and programs for adults\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOnline donation portal for the Alexandria Library Foundation, Inc. The Alexandria Library Foundation is a non-profit organization which provides funding for the Alexandria Library System in Alexandria, Virginia\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWebsite of the Friends of the Beatley Central Library in Alexandria, Virginia. The Friends are a volunteer organizations which works to promote the interests and programs of the Library\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWebsite of the Friends of Duncan Library. The Friends are a volunteer organization that supports the operations of the Duncan Branch Library, located in the Del Ray neighborhood of Alexandria, Virginia\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIntranet website for Alexandria Library staff\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description","Series Content Description","Sub-Series Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Sub-Series Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Sub-Series Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Sub-Series Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Sub-Series Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Description","Content Description","Description","Description","Description","Description","Description","Description","Description","Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains the records of the Alexandria Library, documenting the administration and operation of the Library, dating from the founding of the public library in 1937 through the present. Included are administrative records, annual reports, financial records, circulation records, materials documenting the history of the Library, programming and outreach records, and records of the individual branches of the library system. Formats include textual documents, photographs, and ephemera.","The Alexandria Library is an active organization, and so this collection is a living collection which will be periodically added to and updated. Check this collection guide for any future updates to the collection. ","This series contains materials documenting the Alexandria Library, from its founding as a public library in 1937 through the early 2000s. The majority of documents in this series pertain to the decades between 1950 and 2000. These records document the administration and operations of the Library and its individual branches, as well as materials documenting the history of the Alexandria Library. Documents include annual reports, financial records, correspondence, project files, and other administrative documentation. Also included in this series are ephemera and realia, photographs and other graphic materials, and some oversized materials.","This sub-series contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, as well as its individual branches. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1938 through 1942. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1943 through 1946. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1947 through 1948. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1949 through 1950. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1951 through 1953. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1954 through 1956. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1957 through 1959. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1960 through 1961. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1964. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence.","This sub-series contains administrative and financial records of the Alexandria Library. Documents include correspondence, budgets and other financial records, affirmative action records, bylaws and agreements, official city proclamations, gift records, and other administrative materials.","This folder contains records pertaining to administrative and financial dealings of the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1937 through the 1950s. Documents include final copies of bylaws, charters, and agreements as well as draft documents, reference materials, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to administrative and financial dealings of the Alexandria Library system, dating from the 1950s through the 1992. Documents include final copies of bylaws, charters, and agreements as well as draft documents, reference materials, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to the Affirmative Action plan put in place for the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1975.","This folder contains records pertaining to the Affirmative Action policy used to create an Affirmative Action plan for the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1976.","This folder contains records pertaining to the Affirmative Action plans for the City of Alexandria, dating from 1976 and 1980. Documents include final Affirmative Action plans from both 1976 and 1980.","This folder contains records pertaining to the Affirmative Action plans for the Alexandria Public Library, dating from 1978 through 1982. Documents include reference material used to create the Affirmative Action plans including OSHA Recordkeeping guidelines and guidelines from the Department of Equal Employment Opportunity for the City of Alexandria. Other documents include Alexandria Public Library's Affirmative Action goals, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to the Affirmative Action reports for the Alexandria Public Library system, dating from 1974 through 1976. Documents include final Affirmative Action and Equal Employment Opportunity reports, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to the Affirmative Action reports for the Alexandria Public Library system, dating from 1977 through 1980. Documents include final Affirmative Action and Equal Employment Opportunity reports, sample forms, reference materials, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to the Affirmative Action reports for the Alexandria Public Library system, dating from 1981 through 1987. Documents include final Affirmative Action and Equal Employment Opportunity reports, sample forms, membership reports, reference materials, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to the Budget for the Alexandria Public Library system, dated from 1938 through 1944. Documents include draft material, proposed yearly budgets, final budget reports, press related to the budget, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to the Budget for the Alexandria Public Library system, dated from 1945 through 1948. Documents include draft material, proposed yearly budgets, final budget reports, press related to the budget, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to the Budget for the Alexandria Public Library system, dated from 1949 through 1951. Documents include proposed yearly budgets, final budget reports, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to the Budget for the Alexandria Public Library system, dated from 1951 through 1953. Documents include draft material, proposed yearly budgets, final budget reports, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to the Budget for the Alexandria Public Library system, dated from 1953 through 1955. Documents include draft material, proposed yearly budgets, final budget reports, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to the Budget for the Alexandria Public Library system, dated from 1955 through 1959. Documents include draft material, proposed yearly budgets, final budget reports, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to the Budget for the Alexandria Public Library system, dated from 1955 through 1959. Documents include , proposed yearly budgets, final budget reports, reference materials, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to the budget for the City of Alexandria's City Planning and Capital Improvement programs in regard to the Alexandria Public Library system, dated from 1950 through 1961. Documents include final budget reports, proposed budgets, proposed building projects, draft material, reference material, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to Rules, Regulations, and Review articles for the Alexandria Public Library system, dated from 1937 through 1955. Documents include inquiries regarding librarian salaries of other Virginia public libraries, proposed rules and regulations for Alexandria Public Library, final rules and regulations for Alexandria Public Library, meeting minutes, library directories, press regarding the library, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains a 2014 copy of the introduced House Joint Resolution No. 418 which details the historical significance of the 1939 Alexandria Library Sit-in to the House of Delegates, Mayor of Alexandria, and General Assembly and proposes that this information be conveyed at an upcoming ceremony.","This folder contains records pertaining to correspondence to and from Alexandria Library, dated from 1937 through 1951. Documents included correspondence, press regarding Alexandria Public Library, proposals for the planning and construction of the Robert Robinson Library, and other related notes.","This folder contains records pertaining to correspondence to and from Alexandria Library, dated from 1952 through 1961. Documents include written correspondence, meeting and presentation notes, book acquisitions and acquisition proposals, and other related notes.","This folder contains records pertaining to the professional and nonprofessional duties within public libraries set forth by the American Library Association, dated from 1948. Documents include the preliminary draft of the Descriptive List of Professional and Nonprofessional Duties in Libraries handbook.","This folder contains records pertaining to position descriptions and pay plans for Virginia public libraries, dated from 1950. Documents include a guidebook detailing all positions available with Virginia public libraries, their position descriptions, and recommended qualifications.","This folder contains records pertaining to \"Position Classification and Salary Administration in Libraries\", dated from 1951. Documents include a handbook titled \"Position Classification and Salary Administration in Libraries\", written by the American Library Association, detailing guides and standards for library administrative staff to utilize when creating administrative plans.","This folder contains records pertaining to information and guidelines for new City of Alexandria employees, dated from 1950 to 1986. Documents include guidebooks detailing fundamental information regarding being employed by the City of Alexandria, code of ethics, and guidelines for managers to effectively communicate employee evaluations.","This sub-series contains records documenting circulation statistics of the Library.","This folder contains records pertaining to circulation statistics for the Alexandria Library system, dated from 1937 through 1940. Documents include overall number of books circulated during a given year and ledgers detailing the number and genre of Adult books circulated each day of the year that the library was open to the public.","This folder contains records pertaining to circulation statistics for the Alexandria Library system, dated from 1937 through 1940. Documents include ledgers detailing the number and genre of Children's books circulated each day of the year that the library was open to the public.","This folder contains records pertaining to circulation statistics for the Alexandria Library system, dated from 1941 through 1942. Documents include ledgers detailing the number and genre of Adult and Children's books circulated each day of the year that the library was open to the public.","This folder contains records pertaining to circulation statistics for the Alexandria Library system, dated from 1943 through 1944. Documents include ledgers detailing the number and genre of Adult and Children's books circulated each day of the year that the library was open to the public.","This folder contains records pertaining to circulation statistics for the Alexandria Library system, dated from 1944 through 1949. Documents include ledgers detailing the number and genre of Adult and Children's books circulated each day of the year that the library was open to the public.","This folder contains records pertaining to circulation statistics for the Alexandria Library system, dated from 1949 through 1953. Documents include ledgers detailing the number and genre of Adult and Children's books circulated each day of the year that the library was open to the public.","This folder contains records pertaining to circulation statistics for the Alexandria Library system, dated from 1949. Documents include ledgers detailing the number and genre of Adult and Children's books circulated each day of the year that the library was open to the public.","This folder contains records pertaining to circulation statistics for the Alexandria Library system, dated from 1944 through 1946. Documents include ledgers detailing the number and genre of Adult and Children's books circulated each day of the year that the library was open to the public.","This sub-series contains materials of mixed formats documenting the history of the Library and its programming and outreach work. Documents include scrapbooks, posters, news clippings, correspondence, administrative documents, event programs, and photographs.","This folder contains materials pertaining to Alexandria Library history, dating from 1957-1961. Documents include newspaper clippings from various local newspapers, event photos, correspondence, and other related notes.","This folder contains records pertaining to the history of Alexandria Library, dated from c. 1960. Documents include notes, correspondence, and copies of newspaper articles relating to the library.","This folder contains records pertaining to the history of Alexandria Library. Documents include copies of events schedules, event programs, summaries of the library's history, copies of newspaper articles relating to the library, and other related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to the history of Alexandria Library, dated from 1937 through 1947. Documents include newspaper clippings that detail library history, press, and publicity.","This folder contains records pertaining to the history of Alexandria Library, dated from 1955 through 1973. Documents include newspaper clippings that detail library history, press, and publicity.","This folder contains records pertaining to the history of Alexandria Library, dated from 1936 through 1954. Documents include summaries of the library's history, copies of newspaper articles relating to the library, and other related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to the history of Alexandria Library, dated from 1945 through 1985. Documents include copies of newspaper articles relating to the library, and other related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to publicity correspondence for Alexandria Library, dated from c. 1954-1986. Documents include correspondence relating to proposed exhibits, cosmetic changes to library branches, research inquiries, proof of membership, thank-you messages, plans for library news releases, and other related notes.","This folder contains records pertaining to press releases for Alexandria Library, dated from 1947-1986. Documents include drafts of news releases, draft 5-year plan documents, descriptions of upcoming library programs, mock-ups for news articles relating to the library, and other related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to events related to Alexandria Library, dated from 1954 through 1992. Documents include programs from library events and other notes and correspondence.","This folder contains biographical research materials about James M. Duncan, Jr. (the namesake of the Duncan Branch) which were collected by branch managers of Duncan Branch. Materials include notes, newsclippings, and photocopies of newsclippings.","This folder contains photographs of the 1995 ribbon cutting ceremony celebrating the re-opening of the Kate Waller Barrett Branch after renovations.","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Eight people, presumed to be library officials, stand on the main floor of the Barrett Branch in front of a seated audience, in the midst of a ribbon cutting ceremony. The smiling officials cutting the red ribbon, who include six men and two women, are dressed professionally and each holds their own pair of scissors. Behind them are shelves of library books and a set of stairs that lead up to the second floor of the library. The seated audience of men and women watches as the ceremony proceeds. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #402","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Eight people, presumed to be library officials, stand on the main floor of the Barrett Branch in front of a seated audience, in the midst of a ribbon cutting ceremony. The officials, who include six men and two women, have not yet cut the red ribbon and are dressed professionally. Each of the eight officials holds their own pair of scissors. Behind them are shelves of library books and a set of stairs that up to the second floor of the library. The seated audience of men and women watches as the ceremony proceeds. The photograph is dated September 10th, 1995. Photo previously labeled #403","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. This candid photo of men and women milling around the first floor of the Barrett Branch was taken, presumably, after the conclusion of the ceremony. Some of the people pictured are in conversation with one another, while others are taking in their surroundings. In the foreground is a podium framed on either side by yellow flowers and an American flag. In the background are library books shelves and a set of stairs that lead up to the second floor of the library. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #404","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. This candid photo was taken amidst a crowd of people attending the ceremony on the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library. The men and women of various ages stand milling around the space. Some are in conversation with one another while others look in many directions, taking in their surroundings. Visible in the background is the entrance to the library that consists of floor to ceiling windows allowing natural daylight to stream in. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #405","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. The photo is of several people standing around on the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library. The three men and one woman in the foreground are in conversation with each other but only the two men on the right have realized the group is being photographed. The two men on the right are looking at the camera and smiling, while the women is still speaking and the third man is looking to his right with his back to the photographer. In the background are other people, some in conversation and some not, as well as empty chairs set up against filled bookshelves. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #406","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. A large audience of men and women have filled the main floor of the Barrett Branch, presumably watching as the ceremony unfolds. Some of the people are sitting in the middle of the space while the rest of the crowd have filled the available standing room, even standing in the sunlight filled entrance vestibule, at the back of the room, to catch a glimpse through the floor to ceiling windows. Regardless of placement, almost all the audience members have their attentions set on the events happening behind the camera, just out of frame. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #407","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Two women stand posing for a picture, on the main floor of the Barrett Branch, presumably after the conclusion of the ceremony. With their arms around each other, the woman on the left looks directly at the camera while the women on the right smiles at something out of frame on the left. In the background are more people, men and women, milling around the large indoor space. Some are in conversation with one another and others are simply moving about the space. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #409","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. The photo is of two smiling men and a young child posing for a picture together. On the left, the young child stands holding the hand of the man in the middle who has brown hair and mustache, is wearing glasses and is dressed in a dark-colored suit with a white shirt and red patterned tie. The man on the right, who stands with his hand on the shoulder of the man in the middle, has white hair and is wearing glasses and a dark-colored suit with a white shirt and blue tie. All three stand under a half visible, gold-framed, painted portrait of Kate Waller Barrett that is hanging on the wall behind them. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #410","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Three men and two children stand posing for a picture together. The three men are all wearing dark-colored suits with light-colored shirts and ties. The two children, one boy and one girl, stand in front of the men in the middle and on the right. The boy wears a light-colored button-down shirt and striped dress pants while the girl wears a striped, long-sleeve dress with black tights and black shoes with pink shoelaces. All five smile at the camera as they pose under a gold-framed, painted portrait of Kate Waller Barrett. The woman in the portrait has her white hair tied back in a bun and sits, posed in profile, and is wearing dark-colored clothes, with floral accents. A gold cross pendant hangs from her neck and a brooch is pinned to her chest. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #411","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. A woman stands posing for a picture with the portrait of Kate Waller Barrett hanging near the entrance of the Barrett Branch Library. The woman, dressed in a red blazer and skirt, smiles as she looks to left at something just out of frame. She stands below the gold-framed, painted portrait of Kate Waller Barrett. In the portrait, Kate Waller Barrett has her white hair tied back into a bun and sits, posed in profile, wearing dark-colored clothes, with floral accents. A gold cross pendant hangs from her neck and a brooch is pinned to her chest. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #412","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Three men and two children stand posing for a picture together under the portrait of Kate Waller Barrett that hangs near the entrance of the Barrett Branch Library. The man on the left has white hair and is wearing glasses, a dark-colored suit, a light-colored shirt and blue tie. He has his hand on the shoulder of the little girl to the right of him who wears a striped long-sleeve dress with black tights and black shoes with pink laces. The little girl holds the hand of the man in the middle who wears a dark-colored suit with a light-colored shirt and dark patterned tie. Next to him, on the right, stands the little boy who wears a light-colored button-down shirt and striped dress pants. The little boy holds the hand of the last man on the right who has brown hair and mustache, glasses, and wears a dark-colored suit with a light-colored shirt and red patterned tie. All five stand beneath the gold-framed, painted portrait of Kate Waller Barrett who has her white hair tied back into a bun. She sits, posed in profile, and is wearing dark-colored clothes, with floral accents, with a gold cross pendant hanging from her neck and a brooch pinned to her chest. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #413","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. The candid photograph is of four men standing in front of the portrait of Kate Waller Barrett that hangs near the entrance to the library. The two men on the left are greeting each other and the two men on the right are standing separately both looking in opposite directions towards things just out of frame. All the men are dressed in suits and ties and three out of four are wearing glasses. The leftmost man is holding multiple pairs of scissors and the second man from the right is holding an event program. Behind them, hanging on the wall is the gold-framed, painted portrait of Kate Waller Barrett who has white hair tied back into a bun and sits, posed in profile, wearing dark-colored clothes, with floral accents, with a gold cross pendant hanging from her neck and a brooch pinned to her chest. Also in the background, off to the left, is a child, seemingly in motion, appearing blurry in the photograph. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #414","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. The candid photograph is of a group of men and women standing around a table of computers on the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library. On the round table there are four white computers, each with their own keyboard and mouse. Two of the computers are in use, one by a man in dark dress pants and white shirt and the other by two people, a woman and young man, working together. In the background are other people milling about as well as library bookshelves and a set of stairs leading to the second floor of the library. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #415","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. The candid photograph is of two groups of men and women, some sitting and some standing, inside of the library presumably before the ceremony begins. To left is a group of seated people, partially blocked from view by a desk, and to the right is a group of men standing together in conversation. Between the two groups sits a small stage with an American flag, bordered at the front by small pots of yellow flowers. In the background are rows of both tall and short bookshelves in front of a glass-front room. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #416","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of two women and one man standing in conversation with one another. The two women are both in light-colored dresses and the woman on the right faces away from the camera and carries a purse. The man wears glasses and is dressed in a light-colored suit with a white dress shirt and patterned tie. The woman on the left looks across to the woman on the right as she and the man in the middle are looking at each other. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #417","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of men and women milling about inside the Barrett Branch. The people in the foreground seem to be in conversation with each other while others are having separate conversations in the background. The photo is being taken from behind a bookshelf decorated with a potted plant whose leaves have just started to come in to frame on the right side of the photo. Behind the people are more bookshelves, decorated with flowers, and a glass-front room. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #418","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photo of four men, one woman, and two children. Every person pictured is looking in a different direction, some seeming to be moving towards different parts of the room and appearing blurry in the photo. All of the men are dressed in suits, the woman wears a pink buttoned jacket, the little boy wears a light-color button-down, and the little girl wears a striped long-sleeve dress. Behind them on the wall hangs a gold-framed, painted portrait of Kate Waller Barrett who has white hair tied back into a bun and sits, posed in profile, wearing dark-colored clothes, with floral accents. A gold cross pendant is hanging from her neck and a brooch is pinned to her chest. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #419","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. The photo is of the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library. In the library stands many men, women, and children milling about the space. Some are in conversation with one another, while others take in their surroundings or speak to people sitting behind the circulation desk to the left of the photo. To the right of the photo is the beginning of a staircase that leads to the second floor of the library. Visible from the balcony, the second floor is filled with bookshelves. In the background, on the lower level, stands a small stage and podium framed by small pots of yellow flowers and an American flag as well as a glass-front room whose windows are letting in bright daylight. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #420","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. The photo is of the main floor of the Barrett Branch and there are men and women milling around in the space, some in conversation with one another and others taking in their surroundings. On the right side of the picture, some of the people stand in front of the circulation desk, decorated with pots of yellow and orange flowers. On the left side of the picture are some glass display cases displaying open books. In the background are the floor to ceiling windows of the entrance vestibule that are providing bright, natural light to the room. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #421","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Pictured is a large audience of men and women on the main floor of the Barrett Branch. Some of the people are sitting in the middle of the room while the rest of the crowd have begun filling in the available standing room, even standing in the sunlight filled entrance vestibule, at the back of the crowd, to catch a glimpse through the floor to ceiling windows. Regardless of placement, almost all the audience members have their attentions set on the events happening behind the camera, just out of frame. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #422","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a group of men and women, of differing ages, standing around a table of computers. At the round table, there are two people with their backs to the camera sharing the same computer, to their right is one woman at the next computer, and the next computer has a group of four sharing the same computer. In the foreground is a shelf that has been decorated with a pot of flowers, that have taken up the left side of the picture. In the background, behind the group of people at the computers is glass-front room and a few people within. Inside the room are bookshelves on the left wall and tables and chairs filling the middle. The windows on the back wall have had their blinds drawn to shade the interior from the bright daylight shining through. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #423","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of some people, both men and women, looking at the available materials on the bookshelves around them on the second floor of the Barrett Branch Library. Some of the men and women are browsing the shelves while others have begun reading their chosen materials. In the foreground are shorter bookshelves, with one man crouching to get a better look at the offerings on the bottom shelf. In the background are taller bookshelves, that almost reach from floor to ceiling. Behind the taller bookshelves are some tables and chairs that have been backlit by the daylight coming through the windows on the back wall. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #424","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a seated audience facing a group of people who seem like library officials seated at the front of the room. The seated audience is facing away from the camera and the group of men and women at the front of the room are applauding in welcome to the man who is standing at the front of the room. He has brown hair and mustache, is wearing glasses and a grey suit with dark tie. Off to the right of the photo is a staircase that leads to the second floor whose balcony sits above the group of clapping men and women. Behind them stands bookshelves, completely filled, that almost reach from floor to ceiling. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #425","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a woman speaking to an audience from an elevated podium. The woman, dressed in a red blazer and white shirt, is looking through her glasses out over the audience. Behind her is both short and tall bookshelves, as well as a wall of glass, and to the left stands an American flag. The woman at the podium stands below the second-floor balcony of the Barrett Branch where three musicians sit with music stands in front of them and bookshelves at their back. In the foreground, somewhat blocking the view of the seated audience, is the circulation desk topped with stacks of paper. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #426","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a seated audience, extending out of frame, who have their attention on a man speaking from an elevated podium. The man at podium, dressed in a dark-colored suit with a white shirt and red tie, is looking down at the podium through his glasses. Behind the podium are rows of book shelves, both short and tall with some decorated with flowers, as well as a glass-front room. The man at the podium stands beneath the second-floor balcony of the Barrett Branch Library. Visible through the balcony's railing are filled bookshelves. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #427","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a man speaking from behind a podium. The man is standing, dressed in a dark-colored suit with a white shirt and dark patterned tie, looking down at the podium through his dark tinted glasses. Behind him are rows of book shelves, both short and tall with some decorated with flowers, as well as a glass-front room. The podium stands below the second-floor balcony of the Barrett Branch Library where three chairs and two music stands are set up. The right most chair is occupied by a person in white shirt and dark pants. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #428","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a woman speaking from an elevated podium. The woman, dressed in a blue dress and matching blue jacket, looks out to an audience just out of frame and she is observed by a small panel of professionally dressed men and women, presumed to be other library officials, on the right side of the picture. The picture is being taken from behind the circulation desk, complete with computer, receipt printer, and landline phone. A pot of yellow, orange and red flowers sits atop the desk, partially blocking an American flag from view. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #429","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a woman speaking from an elevated podium in front of an audience of people that extends out of frame. The woman, dressed in a pink blazer over a dark patterned dress with a string of pearls around her neck, is looking down at the podium while the audience listens. Behind her are rows of book shelves, both short and tall with some decorated with flowers, as well as a glass-front room. The speaker and podium stand beneath an the second-floor balcony of the Barrett Branch Library, where three chairs, music stands, and musicians are seated and viewable through the balcony's railing. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #430","This folder contains photographs of the 1995 ribbon cutting ceremony celebrating the re-opening of the Kate Waller Barrett Branch after renovations.","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a man speaking to an audience, extending out of frame, from an elevated podium. The man, dressed in a dark-colored suit with white shirt and dark patterned tie, is looking down at the podium while holding up a closed book in his right hand and paper in his left hand. Behind him are rows of short and tall bookshelves, some decorated with flowers, in front of a glass-front room. Above the podium sits the second-floor balcony of the Barrett Branch Library. Through the railing, three chairs, music stands, and musicians can be seen in front of filled bookshelves. In the foreground, on the left side of the picture, is the circulation desk topped with stacks of papers. The photo is dated from 1995. Photo previously labeled #431","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a woman speaking from an elevated podium to audience, which extends out of frame. The woman is dressed in a matching blue jacket and dress, and looks out over the audience at something not visible as the audience turns to follow her gaze. To her left and right are men in dark-colored suits and ties that also follow her line-of-sight. Behind her are bookshelves, both tall and short, and a glass-front room. Above the podium is the second-floor balcony and through the railing, three chairs, music stands, and musicians can be seen in front of filled bookshelves. In the foreground, blocking some of the audience from view, is the circulation desk with a computer and piles of paper. The photo is dated from 1995. Photo previously labeled #432","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. This slightly out of focus, color candid photograph is of a woman speaking from an elevated podium to an audience that is seated just out of frame. The woman, dressed in a pink jacket over a dark, patterned dress, is bordered by a group of seated men and women, presumed to be other library officials, on the right and an American flag on the left. Above the woman at the podium is the second-floor balcony and behind her are tall bookshelves and a glass front room. The photo is being taken from behind the circulation desk which has a computer and a pot of yellow, red and orange flowers. The photo is dated from 1995. Photo previously labeled #433","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a group of men and women in conversation with each other amidst the ribbon cutting ceremony. The group consists of four men and two women, presumed to be library officials, who trade smiles and handshakes in front of a clapping audience. Some of the members of the group are still holding scissors and the pieces of red ribbon that were cut as part of the ceremony. Behind them are bookshelves that extend backward into the space. The photo is dated from 1995. Photo previously labeled #434","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a group of men and women amidst the ribbon cutting ceremony. The group consists of three men and two women, some still holding scissors and pieces of the red ribbon cut during the ceremony. The smiling woman in the middle has offered a handshake to the man to the left of her as the audience applauds them. Behind the ribbon cutters are tall and short bookshelves that extend backwards into the space. The photo is dated from 1995. Photo previously labeled #435","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photo of a group of three men and one woman, presumed to be library officials, are trading smiles and the woman offers a handshake to the man on the far left. The woman has grey hair and wears a matching blue jacket and dress. The men are dressed professionally in suits and ties. They stand in front of a small stage and podium, lined with small pots of yellow flowers and decorated by an American flag. Behind them are bookshelves, both tall and short, that extend backwards toward a glass-front room. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #436","Color photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. This candid photograph depicts several people standing behind the main circulation desk on the first floor of the Barrett Branch. In the foreground of the photo is a woman wearing a magenta dress and holding two books. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #408","Color portrait of an outdoor sign from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library after renovations were completed in 1995. On a bright, sunny day at the corner of a red-brick building sits a white sign that reads \"The 200 Block of North Columbus St. Welcomes the New Library\" and just below that it reads \"Thank You\". Propped up on a wooden easel, the sign is decorated by a single gold, metallic balloon that is moving with the wind. Behind the sign to the right are row houses and a parked car. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #441","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, a group of presumed library officials sit next to a stage and listen to the woman speaking from the podium. The woman has white hair and is dressed in a matching blue jacket and dress turns her head to welcome another woman who making her way to an empty chair among the group of officials. The woman being welcomed has tied back, brown hair and glasses and is wearing a colorful dress and black, t-strap shoes. Some of the men and women in the group of officials clap while others offer warm smiles to the approaching woman. Behind them is a small circulation desk and filled bookshelves. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #442","Color portrait photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, a group of presumed library staff stand behind the circulation desk and smile at the camera. Four women are directly behind the desk and five more seem to be coming out of the room just behind the desk. Some of the other women have realized their picture is being taken and look at the camera, while others have not and continue their conversations with one another. One man stands in front of the desk and has turned to face the camera while a final woman seems to being walking past him. Folding chairs are set up and extend out of frame and because each still has a paper program on it, it is likely the event has not yet started. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #443","Color candid photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, two group of presumed library officials both sit and stand next to a small stage. Though not all the chairs are filled, the seated group includes three women and four men, all dressed professionally, who seem to be waiting for the event to start. The standing group, consisting of three men and two women, are all in conversation with one another. The woman in the middle with white hair, blue dress and light-colored purse is speaking and the remainder of the standing group leans in to listen. Behind them is the stage, decorated with an American flag, and both tall and short bookshelves that extend out of frame. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #444","Color photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera aims at the circulation desk and the people that stand around it. Presumed to be library staff, four women stand together and all but one is smiling up at the camera. Other people, presumed to be library staff and officials, stand around the desk. Some are in conversation and others are looking in different directions around the room. In front of the circulation desk, extending out of frame, are rows of folding chairs each with a paper program on the seats. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #445","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Set up on the second-floor balcony of the Barrett Branch, are three female musicians in the midst of performing. All three are wearing white dress shirts and black bottoms and each sit in her own wooden chair across from sheet music on a music stand and plays from a flute. Behind them are a man and a woman in conversation leaning over the balcony railing to get a better view of what is going on the floor below. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #446","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, pictured is a man in a dark suit and tie speaking from a podium on a small elevated stage, which he shares with an American flag. Bordering the front of the stage are small pots of yellow flowers. To the left and right of the stage sit two groups of men and women, presumably library officials who have their attention on the man speaking. Behind them are rows of both tall and short bookshelves that extend back into the room and out of frame. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #447","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Men and women of varying ages stand milling around the main floor of the Barrett Branch library seeming after the conclusion of the ceremony. In the foreground, one man sits at a table with his hands on a computer keyboard and converses with the two women who are speaking to him. The woman on the left has short brown hair and wears a blue jacket and the woman on the right has short greying hair and wears a white shirt, denim bottoms, and carries a small purse. In the background is a larger group pf men and women, gathered around a table of computers. Behind are bookshelves that extend to the other side of the room where more people sit at tables in conversation. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #448","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Outside the front entrance of the Barrett Branch Library, in the shade of a tree, is a group of men and women who seem to be waiting for the library to open and for the ceremony to begin. On the front doors, illuminated by the sun, two signs read \"Re-opening\" and \"Sept. 10, 2PM\". Some of the group are sitting on the red brick retaining wall outside of the library while other stand in conversation closer to the entrance. The building is red brick, with white columns and white doors. A large, half-moon shaped windows sits atop the doors allowing natural light to fill the entrance vestibule within. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #449","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. The photo is aimed at the circulation desk where some people have begun to converse with the library staff behind the desk. In front of the desk, the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library has been filled with folding chairs where a few people have begun to sit. There are folded programs on each of the folding chairs, suggesting that the ceremony has not yet begun. On the right side of the picture are bookshelves that fill the space at the back of the main floor as well as the second floor, which is visible through the balcony railing. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #450","Color candid photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the picture is focused on the group of men and women standing against the wall behind the circulation desk. There are nine women and two men visible, dressed professionally, and most of them seem to have their attention on something happening just out of frame on the right. In front of the desk on the left is the beginnings of a seated audience and starting from the circulation desk extending out of frame across the front of the audience stretches the red ribbon that has yet to be cut. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #451","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. A group of two men, one woman, and one young man are standing in conversation with each other next to a round table that currently holds computers, of which only the keyboards and mice are visible. The young man has dark hair and wears a blue collared shirt and the woman he is next to has short brown hair and wears a blue patterned dress and carries a white purse. The two men are both dressed in dark suits with light dress shirts. The man with glasses wears a dark tie. Behind them are some table and chairs separating the group from the tall book shelves that extend out passed both sides of frame. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #452","Color candid photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, two men are pictured in conversation with each other while standing behind a podium on a small elevated stage. The men both wear suits with light-colored shirts, and the viewer is clearly able to see that the man on the left is wearing glasses and a tie. The man on the right has his back to the camera because his attention is on the other man who seems to be explaining something while pointing to something just out of sight on the left. In front of the stage are small pots of yellow flowers and beside the stage are rows of wooden chairs that have yet to be filled. Each chair has a folded program that seems to suggest the ceremony has yet to begin. Behind the men and the stage are bookshelves, both tall and short, that are filled with material. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #453","Color candid photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Pointed toward the interior entrance of the Barrett Branch, taken from the opposite end of the main floor, men and women are milling about the space presumably after the conclusion of the ribbon cutting. In the foreground are men and women using the available computers and in front of them is a large gathering of people milling around the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library. Some seem to be in conversation with one another, while other seem to simply be moving around the space. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #454","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at where the ceremony will be held. A large seated audience of men and women is forming behind a red ribbon that has been stretched from the circulation desk to the staircase's railing on the opposite side of the room. The men and women standing behind the circulation desk are, presumably, library staff and the few men and women that stand on the other side of the red ribbon from the audience are the library officials that will be speaking during the ceremony. The library officials seem to be looking at someone just out of frame and two of them are waving to try and get their attention. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #455","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at the main floor of the Barrett Branch where folding chairs have been set up in the middle of the room for an audience that has begun filing in. Men and women of varying ages and dress are coming in through the bright, naturally lit entrance vestibule, stopping at the circulation desk, before finding an empty seat. The men and women behind the circulation desk are, presumably, library staff who are either in conversation with one another or watching the people who are filing into the library. Just in front of the audience, stretching from the circulation desk to the railing of the staircase at the opposite of the room, is a red ribbon that is being handled by a woman in a dark top and patterned skirt. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #456","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points at a small group of men and women who are seated in wooden chairs to the left of a small stage with a podium. Seated in two rows, the group consists of four women and three men, and are presumed to be library officials. They are all in professional dress, either in suits and ties or dresses and blazers, and the front row seems to be conversation with each other. Just behind them, extending backward into the space, are filled bookshelves. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #457","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a man speaking from a podium on a small elevated stage. The man, wearing glasses and dressed in a grey-colored suit with a white shirt and dark-colored tie, holds a book in one hand and paper in the other as he looks out at the audience in front of him. The men and women seated next to the stage, who are presumed to be library officials, have their attention on the speaker. The stage is bordered in the front by small pots of yellow flowers and framed in the back by bookshelves that extend backward into the space. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #458","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a small elevated stage and podium and the men and women that surround it. The men and women, presumed to be library officials, stand with their hands over their hearts as they face the American flag that sits on the stage. All professionally dressed, only one man and one woman stand on the stage while the others stand to either side as they seem to recite the Pledge of Allegiance. Behind the stage are rows of bookshelves that extend backwards and out of frame. Above the stage is the second-floor balcony of the Barrett Branch. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #459","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a small elevated stage and podium and the men and women that surround it. On the stage stands a brown-haired woman, wearing a floral-patterned dress and pink blazer, speaking from a podium to the audience that sits in front of her just out of view. On either side of the stage sits other men and women, presumed to be library officials, who have their attention on the woman at the podium. Framing the front of the stage are small pots of yellow flowers and behind the stage, extending backwards out of frame, are bookshelves. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #460","This folder contains photographs of the 1995 ribbon cutting ceremony celebrating the re-opening of the Kate Waller Barrett Branch after renovations.","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a small elevated stage and podium and the people that surround it. Although the picture is out of focusing, appearing blurry, a woman with red hair and glasses, wearing a red blazer and skirt, can be seen speaking from the podium. With their attention on the speaker at the podium, the men and women that sit next to the stage are presumed to be library officials. The stage, framed at the front by small pots of yellow flowers, backs up to rows of short bookshelves that extend backward out of frame. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #461","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a small elevated stage and podium and the people that surround it. On the stage, standing at the podium, is a man with glasses wearing a dark-colored suit and tie with a red pocket square. He looks down at the paper on the podium as he speaks to the audience in front of him, sitting just out of view. The men and women sitting next to the stage, presumed to be library officials, are dressed professionally as some turn their attention toward the speaker. The front of the stage is framed by small pots of yellow flowers and rows of short bookshelves sit at the back of the stage. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #462","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down on the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library where the audience sits as the ribbon ceremony goes on. On the left side of the picture, many men and women sit in folding chairs as they listen to the man speaking from the small elevated stage and podium in front of them. Stretching from the circulation desk, across the room, to the railing of the staircase is a red ribbon that separates the audience from the men and women on and around the stage. There are also men and women that stand behind the circulation desk, presumed to be library staff, that have their attention on the man at the podium, who is dressed in a dark-colored suit with a light-colored shirt. On either side of the stage, separated from the general audience, sit other men and women who are presumed to be library officials. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #463","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down on the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library where the audience sits as the ribbon ceremony goes on. On the right side of the picture sits a large audience of men and women that extends backwards out if frame. They are separated from the small stage and podium by a red ribbon that stretches from the circulation desk, across the room, to the railing of the staircase that leads to the second floor. Behind the circulation desk stands a few men and women, who are presumed to be library staff, who have their attention on the man that speaks from the podium. The speaker, dressed in a dark-colored suit and tie, looks down at the paper on the podium as he addresses the audience in front of him. The people sitting to left and right of the stage, who are separate from the general audience, are presumed to be library officials who are part of the ceremony proceedings. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #464","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a man standing in behind a podium on a small elevated stage. The man, dressed in a grey-colored suit and glasses, seems to have his head tilted down in pause to accept the applause he is receiving from the people around him. Next to the stage sits a group of men and women who are presumed to be library officials. One man and one woman can be seen clapping for the man on the stage. The front of the stage is framed by small pots of yellow flowers and the back of the stage is bordered by short bookshelves that extend backward out of view. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #465","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a woman standing behind a podium on a small elevate stage. The woman has grey hair, dressed in a matching blue dress and blazer, and looks out at the audience seated in front of her, just out of view. There is a group of men and women seated in three rows next to the stage, presumed to be library officials, who look and listen to the woman speaking from the podium. Behind the stage and the group of library officials are some tall and short bookshelves that extend backward into the space and out of frame. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #466","Color candid photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library where men and women are milling around presumably after the ribbon has been cut officially opening the library. The men and women, of all ages and in varying dress, are either in conversation with one another or are on the move to a different part of the space. Some are making their way up the stairs and past whomever is taking the picture while others are moving towards the rows of bookshelves that extend backward out of frame. Barely visible amongst the people is a small stage and podium where library officials had spoken during the ceremony. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #467","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a small stage and the men and women that surround it. On the stage, standing behind a podium, is grey-haired woman in a matching blue dress and blazer who speaks to the audience seated in front of her, just out of view. On either side of the stage where the woman in blue is speaking from, sits two groups of men and women, presumed to be library officials, who have attention on the woman in blue. The front of the stage is framed with small pots of yellow flowers and the back is bordered by short bookshelves that extend backward into the space. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #468","Color candid photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at the main floor of the Barret Branch where people have begun to move about the space, presumably, at the conclusion of the ribbon cutting ceremony. Some of the men and women are in conversation with each other while others have begun exploring the space and materials available. Visible among the crowd is the circulation desk, with a few staff members working from behind it. Across the room, also visible among the crowd, is the small stage and podium that library officials spoke from during the ceremony. Above the crowd, on the right side of the picture, is the second-floor balcony which has been populated by more exploring people. The photo is dated from 1995. Photo previously labeled #469","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a small stage and podium. Standing behind the podium is a man with glasses, wearing a dark-colored suit and tie, who is looking down at the papers on the podium in front of him. To one side of the stage is small group of men and women who are seated in three rows, all in professional dress. This small group of people are presumed to be library officials, as is the man in a grey-colored suit that is seated behind the stage. Behind the stage are short bookshelves that extend backward out of frame and the front of the stage is line with small pots of yellow flowers. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #470","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at the main floor of the Barret Branch wear a stage sits before a large seated audience. Separating the audience from the stage is a long red ribbon stretching from the circulation desk across the room to the staircase's railing. Behind the circulation desk, standing with their backs to the wall, are men and women who seem to be part of the library staff. On the stage stands a brown-haired woman, wearing a floral-patterned dress and pink blazer, speaking from a podium to the audience that sits in front of her. On either side of the stage sits other men and women, presumed to be library officials, who have their attention on the woman at the podium. Framing the front of the stage are small pots of yellow flowers and behind the stage, extending backwards out of frame, are bookshelves. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #471","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at the main floor of the Barret Branch wear a stage sits before a large seated audience. Separating the audience from the stage is a long red ribbon stretching from the circulation desk across the room to the staircase's railing. Behind the circulation desk, standing with their backs to the wall, are men and women who seem to be part of the library staff. On the stage stands a man with glasses, wearing a grey-colored suit, speaking from a podium to the audience that sits in front of him. On either side of the stage sits other men and women, presumed to be library officials, who have their attention on the man at the podium. Framing the front of the stage are small pots of yellow flowers and behind the stage, extending backwards out of frame, are bookshelves. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #472","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a small stage and podium as well as the people that surround it. Speaking from the podium stands a man with glasses, in a grey-colored suit and tie, who looks down at the paper in front of him. On either side of the stage sits two small groups of men and women, presumed to be library officials, who have their attention on the man on stage. All are professionally dressed and some hold programs probably pertaining to the ceremony. The front of the stage is lined with small pots of yellow flows and behind the stage are rows of short and tall books shelves. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #473","Color candid photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at two groups of men and women on the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library. The group closest to the camera consists of six men and two women who are professionally dressed and seem to be library officials. Each woman shakes the hand of one of the men in the group. Behind them is a small stage and podium, that is lined with small pots of yellow flowers along the front. In the other side of the stage is another small group of men and women, also thought to be library officials. One woman seated at the front of the group, with white hair and patterned dress, is leaning forward to greet a woman with brown hair, black jacket, and skirt standing in front of her. Behind the two groups and the stage are bookshelves that extend backward out of frame. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #474","Color candid photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a small group of men and women who are standing, in conversation with each other. The group, consisting of two women and five men, are all professionally dressed and seem to be library officials. Facing away from the camera, one woman with a pink jacket is shaking hands with a man in a dark colored suit and patterned tie. Behind this group is a small, unoccupied stage and podium and on the other side of the stage is another group of seated, presumed, library officials. Behind the stage are bookshelves that extend backwards out of frame. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #475","Color photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. In the foreground of the picture, two unidentified women smile at the camera. The woman on the left has short blond hair, glasses, and wears a patterned collared dress. The woman in the left has dark brown hair and wears a dark blue top with a high neck. Behind them are more men and women who are milling about on the main floor of the Barrett Branch, presumably after the conclusion of the ceremony. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #476","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. The camera is pointed at the line of men and women standing at the circulation desk at the Barrett Branch Library. Presumably, these are members of the public who attended the ribbon cutting and are now exploring the new space after the conclusion of the ceremony. On the upper right-side of the picture, visible through the railing, is the second-floor balcony where people a standing amongst the bookshelves. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #477","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a man standing on a small stage, behind a podium. Though the camera is unfocused and the photo appears slightly blurry it can be determined that the man, dressed in a dark-colored suit with a white pocket square, looks down at the papers on the podium as the small group of men and women seated on the other side of the stage have their attention on him. The small group of men and women, who are dressed professionally, are presumed to be library officials that are part of the ribbon cutting ceremony. One other presumed official is seated behind the stage and is reading a piece of paper. Also, behind the stage and the small group of library officials, are rows of bookshelves that extend backward out of frame. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #478","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a line of people who stand facing a seated audience of men and women. The line of people is professionally dressed men and women, presumably library officials, who each hold onto a red ribbon that stretches across the room from the circulation desk to the railing of the staircase. The seated audience and the men and women standing behind the circulation desk smile at the line of officials as they cut the ribbon. One woman, with grey hair and blue dress, holds up her scissors and her portion of the red ribbon in celebration. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #479","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a man in a grey-colored suit who stands on a small stage. Looking down at the orange-handled scissors in hand, he faces a small group of men and women, presumed to be library officials, as they walk towards the left side of the photo. The man on the stage is handing out pairs of scissors to members of the ribbon cutting ceremony as they make their way towards the ribbon that is just out of view. Behind the man and the stage, is another small group of men and women seated in front of bookshelves who watch as the other officials make their way to the ribbon. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #480","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library and the men and women who are filing in before the start of the ceremony. There are folding chairs set up in the middle of the room that a being filled by people coming from the entrance vestibule at the back of the space. Behind the circulation desk stands many men and women, presumed to be library staff, who watch as members of the public take their seats. In front of the audience stretching across the room, from the circulation desk to the railing of the staircase, is a long red ribbon. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #481","This folder contains black and white photographs pertaining to the Robert H. Robinson Library, dated from 1946 to 1950. The photos capture the Robert H. Robinson Library building, staff, and various events.","Black and white photograph of Sara Murphy Carr sitting at her desk in the Robert Robinson Branch of Alexandria Library. Carr has short, dark hair and is wearing a light-colored blazer and a dark-colored top underneath. She looks directly at the camera from a chair behind her wooden desk, which is topped with file folders, a box of catalog cards, a folded newspaper, and other items. Behind her is a cart filled books and behind her further are filled bookshelves, some are topped with more books or other décor. The photo is dated c.1948. Photo previously labeled as #494","Black and white photograph of Sara Murphy Carr posing for a picture in the doorway of the Robert Robinson Library. Carr has short, dark hair and is wearing a light-color jacket, dark-colored top, light-colored knee length skirt, with dark-colored shoes. She stands facing the camera and seems to have her hand on the knob of the front door that is slightly ajar behind her. A stoop and front step lead up to the front of the brick building and above the white trimmed door is a sign that reads \"Robert Robinson Library\" in dark letters. The photo is dated c.1948. Photo previously labeled as #495","Black and white candid photograph taken outside the Robert Robinson Library as Miss Bracie enters the building. Facing the front of the library, the photo captures a woman, identified as Miss Bracie, stepping up to the front door of the building. With her back to the camera, Miss Bracie wears a light-colored jacket and skirt, a much lighter-colored hat with black sash, and carries a dark-colored hand bag. The building, made of brick with a dark-colored metal roof, has one brick chimney on the left side and four narrow windows that are evenly separated by the white trimmed front door. Above the front door, just under an outdoor light, is a sign that reads \"Robert Robinson Library\" in dark letters. A cement walkway leads up to the door and is bordered on either side by shrubbery and grass. The photo is dated c.1950. Photo previously labeled as #496","Black and white photograph of Story Hour at Robert Robinson Library. Robinson Librarian Minnie N. Fuller, sits and reads to twelve children who either sit in chairs or kneel on the carpeted floor in front of her. Fuller has short, dark hair and is wearing a light-colored dress with light-colored shoes. Her head is tilted down and away from the camera as she reads the book and the children, both boys and girls, are turned to face her. Behind the children are three windows that have their blinds open. The photo is dated 1950. Photo previously labeled as #497","Black and white photograph of a group of men and women, presumably attending an event, at the Robert H. Robinson Library. Posed in two rows, nine women and three men are pictured together with some looking directly at the camera and others facing in different directions. All are dressed up, with the women in dresses and dress hats and the men in suits. One clergyman stands in the second row and is dressed in a clerical collar. One woman is identified as Alexandria Library Director Ellen Coolidge Burke (first row, second from the left) and she is dressed in a dark jacket, light-colored shirt, light-colored skirt, and dark-colored hat. Behind the group is a wall with a bookshelf and closed door. The photo is dated 1950. Photo previously labeled #498","Black and white candid photograph taken of Story Hour at Robert Robinson Library. Twenty-three children, listen as Robinson Librarian Sara Murphy Carr reads a picture book. Carr is wearing a light-colored outfit and dark-colored shoes. Her hair has been tied back away from her face and she looks down at the open book through her glasses. Many of the children have realized they are being photographed and have turned to face the camera, but a few have their gazes turned elsewhere. The space where the group sits is lined on three sides by filled bookshelves, some topped with more books or other décor. The photo is dated April 1946. Photo previously labeled as #499","Black and white photo of the 10th Anniversary of the Robert H. +Robinson Library. Seated in five rows, a group of men and women, some young and some old, pose for a picture inside the Robert Robinson Library. Not everyone looks directly at the camera, but all are dressed professionally. Some women can be seen wearing hats and dress gloves while the men can be seen in suit and tie. One clergyman sits in the back dressed in his clerical collar. Behind the group, the walls are lined with bookshelves that have been decorated with original art work of varying sizes. The photo is dated 1950. Photo previously labeled as #500","This sub-series contains records documenting the branches and divisions of the Alexandria Library system including the construction of the branches and information regarding their operations. The branches represented here include the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library, the James M. Duncan Branch Library, the Ellen Coolidge Burke Branch Library, the Robert H. Robinson Library, the \"New Branch\" (later known as the Charles E. Beatley, Jr. Central Library), the Special Services Division, and the Lloyd House (later known as Local History and Special Collections).","This folder contains miscellaneous records pertaining to the construction of the building addition to the Kate Waller Barrett branch of Alexandria Library in 1954. Documents include copies of contracts, proof of insurance, and other notes and correspondence related to the proposed addition to the Barrett branch.","This folder contains records pertaining to the construction specifications for the building addition to the Kate Waller Barrett branch of Alexandria Library in 1954. Documents include the Specifications report, prepared by the Alexandria Library Board, detailing the proposed requirements for the construction of the addition to the Barrett branch.","This folder contains financial records pertaining to the construction of the building addition to the Kate Waller Barrett branch of Alexandria Library in 1954. Documents include copies of vendor invoices, reports of money spent, and other related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to the process of selecting bids for which construction agency would carry out the construction of the building addition to the Kate Waller Barrett branch of Alexandria Library in 1954. Documents include copies of proposals, meeting minutes, press material, and other related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to monthly reports regarding the Robert Robinson branch of Alexandria Library, dating from December 1947 to December 1951. Documents include monthly reports on branch statistics, yearly fiscal report, discard lists, and other related notes.","This folder contains records pertaining to monthly reports regarding the Robert Robinson branch of Alexandria Library, dating from January 1952 to December 1955. Documents include monthly reports on branch statistics, and other related notes.","This folder contains records pertaining to monthly reports regarding the Robert Robinson branch of Alexandria Library, dating from January 1956 to May 1959. Documents include monthly reports on branch statistics, and other related notes.","This series is currently being processed and is not yet available for research use. Please contact Local History / Special Collections staff for more details.","This sub-series is currently being processed and is not yet available for research use. Please contact Local History / Special Collections staff for more details.","This sub-series is currently being processed and is not yet available for research use. Please contact Local History / Special Collections staff for more details.","This sub-series is currently being processed and is not yet available for research use. Please contact Local History / Special Collections staff for more details.","This sub-series is currently being processed and is not yet available for research use. Please contact Local History / Special Collections staff for more details.","This sub-series contains web-published resources that were created by, or are directly related to, the Alexandria Library in Alexandria, Virginia. This includes the Library website, Library social media accounts, Library blog, and the websites of Library friends' groups.","Website of the Alexandria Library in Alexandria, Virginia","Facebook account of the Alexandria Library in Alexandria, Virginia","Instagram account of the Alexandria Library in Alexandria, Virginia","Twitter account of the Alexandria Library in Alexandria, Virginia","Youtube account of the Alexandria Library in Alexandria, Virginia","Alexandria Library's blog which focuses on adult programs, events, and services including news and updates about the Library's collection, services, resources, and programs for adults","Online donation portal for the Alexandria Library Foundation, Inc. The Alexandria Library Foundation is a non-profit organization which provides funding for the Alexandria Library System in Alexandria, Virginia","Website of the Friends of the Beatley Central Library in Alexandria, Virginia. The Friends are a volunteer organizations which works to promote the interests and programs of the Library","Website of the Friends of Duncan Library. The Friends are a volunteer organization that supports the operations of the Duncan Branch Library, located in the Del Ray neighborhood of Alexandria, Virginia","Intranet website for Alexandria Library staff"],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials relating to the Alexandria Library Board have been moved from MS098 to the Alexandria Library Board Records (MS416).\u003c/p\u003e"],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["Materials relating to the Alexandria Library Board have been moved from MS098 to the Alexandria Library Board Records (MS416)."],"names_coll_ssim":["Alexandria Library Company","Alexandria Library Association (1897-1937)","Alexandria Library Society (1937-1953)","Burke, Ellen Coolidge","Duncan, James M., Jr. (James Morton), 1897-1967","Barrett, Kate Waller, Dr., 1858-1925","Beatley, Charles E., Jr., 1916-2003","Robinson, Robert Henry, Rev. (1824-1909)"],"names_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Alexandria Library (Alexandria, Va.)","Alexandria Library Company","Alexandria Library Association (1897-1937)","Alexandria Library Society (1937-1953)","Burke, Ellen Coolidge","Duncan, James M., Jr. (James Morton), 1897-1967","Barrett, Kate Waller, Dr., 1858-1925","Beatley, Charles E., Jr., 1916-2003","Robinson, Robert Henry, Rev. (1824-1909)"],"corpname_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Alexandria Library (Alexandria, Va.)","Alexandria Library Company","Alexandria Library Association (1897-1937)","Alexandria Library Society (1937-1953)"],"persname_ssim":["Burke, Ellen Coolidge","Duncan, James M., Jr. (James Morton), 1897-1967","Barrett, Kate Waller, Dr., 1858-1925","Beatley, Charles E., Jr., 1916-2003","Robinson, Robert Henry, Rev. (1824-1909)"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":523,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T03:59:46.615Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_157_c01_c04"}},{"id":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_157_c01_c05","type":"Subseries","attributes":{"title":"1.5: Branch Records","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_157_c01_c05#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis sub-series contains records documenting the branches and divisions of the Alexandria Library system including the construction of the branches and information regarding their operations. The branches represented here include the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library, the James M. Duncan Branch Library, the Ellen Coolidge Burke Branch Library, the Robert H. Robinson Library, the \"New Branch\" (later known as the Charles E. Beatley, Jr. Central Library), the Special Services Division, and the Lloyd House (later known as Local History and Special Collections).\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_157_c01_c05#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_157_c01_c05","ref_ssm":["vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_157_c01_c05"],"id":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_157_c01_c05","ead_ssi":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_157","_root_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_157","_nest_parent_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_157_c01","parent_ssi":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_157_c01","parent_ssim":["vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_157","vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_157_c01"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_157","vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_157_c01"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Alexandria Library Records (MS098)","Series 1: Founding and 20th Century Records"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Alexandria Library Records (MS098)","Series 1: Founding and 20th Century Records"],"text":["Alexandria Library Records (MS098)","Series 1: Founding and 20th Century Records","1.5: Branch Records","This sub-series contains records documenting the branches and divisions of the Alexandria Library system including the construction of the branches and information regarding their operations. The branches represented here include the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library, the James M. Duncan Branch Library, the Ellen Coolidge Burke Branch Library, the Robert H. Robinson Library, the \"New Branch\" (later known as the Charles E. Beatley, Jr. Central Library), the Special Services Division, and the Lloyd House (later known as Local History and Special Collections)."],"title_filing_ssi":"1.5: Branch Records","title_ssm":["1.5: Branch Records"],"title_tesim":["1.5: Branch Records"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["c.1960s-1990s"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1954-2013"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1954/2013, bulk 1960/1999"],"normalized_title_ssm":["1.5: Branch Records"],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["Alexandria Library"],"collection_ssim":["Alexandria Library Records (MS098)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":108,"level_ssm":["Subseries"],"level_ssim":["Subseries"],"sort_isi":399,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection is open for research. Public access to some confidential personnel records is restricted, these materials are noted as such."],"date_range_isim":[1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013],"otherfindaid_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\n  \u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|bfbbbe62-d9d3-4cf4-8778-a75f1176ded1/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"otherfindaid_heading_ssm":["Digital Materials"],"otherfindaid_tesim":["Click to view digital materials in this collection"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis sub-series contains records documenting the branches and divisions of the Alexandria Library system including the construction of the branches and information regarding their operations. The branches represented here include the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library, the James M. Duncan Branch Library, the Ellen Coolidge Burke Branch Library, the Robert H. Robinson Library, the \"New Branch\" (later known as the Charles E. Beatley, Jr. Central Library), the Special Services Division, and the Lloyd House (later known as Local History and Special Collections).\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Sub-Series Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This sub-series contains records documenting the branches and divisions of the Alexandria Library system including the construction of the branches and information regarding their operations. The branches represented here include the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library, the James M. Duncan Branch Library, the Ellen Coolidge Burke Branch Library, the Robert H. Robinson Library, the \"New Branch\" (later known as the Charles E. Beatley, Jr. Central Library), the Special Services Division, and the Lloyd House (later known as Local History and Special Collections)."],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#4","timestamp":"2026-05-21T03:59:46.615Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_157","ead_ssi":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_157","_root_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_157","_nest_parent_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_157","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/ALEX/repositories_2_resources_157.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://alexlibraryva.libraryhost.com/repositories/2/resources/157","title_ssm":["Alexandria Library Records (MS098)"],"title_tesim":["Alexandria Library Records (MS098)"],"unitdate_ssm":["1937-2013"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1937-2013"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS098","/repositories/2/resources/157"],"text":["MS098","/repositories/2/resources/157","Alexandria Library Records (MS098)","Alexandria (Va.)","Alexandria (Va.). Library","Public libraries.","Collection is open for research. Public access to some confidential personnel records is restricted, these materials are noted as such.","This folder contains confidential personnel records. Public access and use of these materials is restricted for 75 years from the date of creation of the document.","This site is only accessible to Alexandria Library staff and is not available for public research use.","This finding aid describes and documents the updated arrangement of this collection as of 2023. Previously, the collection was organized into the following series: By Laws, Charters, and Agreements; Board; Annual Reports; Administration; Circulation; Construction; History; Publicity; Scrapbooks; Workshops; Queen/Barrett; Robert Robinson; Special Services; and Lloyd House. \"By-Laws, Charters, and Agreements\" and \"Administration\" have been combined into the new Subseries 1.2. Administration and Finance. \"History,\" \"Publicity,\" \"Scrapbooks,\" \"Workshops,\" and \"Photographs\" have been combined into the new Subseries 1.4. History, Programming, and Outreach. \"Construction,\" \"Queen/Barrett,\" \"Robert Robinson,\" \"Special Services,\" and \"Lloyd House,\" have been combined into the new Subseries 1.5. Branch Records.","The \"Board\" series has been separated from MS098 and combined with other records to form a new, separate collection of Alexandria Library Board Records.","The physical and intellectual arrangement of the Alexandria Library Records (MS098) has been updated a few times over the years, while remaining accessible to the public. Thus, the decision was made to maintain, as much as appropriate, the current order of the pre-existing collection as Series 1: Founding and 20th Century Records; and Series 2: 21st Century Records includes the new accretions to the collection as of 2023. Future accretions to this collection will either be added to Series 2 or form a new series.","Series 1. Founding and 20th Century Records, 1937-2005\n Subseries 1.1. Annual Reports Subseries 1.2. Administration and Finance Subseries 1.3. Circulation Records Subseries 1.4. History, Programming, and Outreach Subseries 1.5. Branch Records Series 2. 21st Century Records, 1994-present\n Subseries 2.1. Annual Reports Subseries 2.2. Administration and Finance Subseries 2.3. Branch Records Subseries 2.4. Programming and Outreach Subseries 2.5. Web Archives","Founded as a subscription library in 1794 and serving as the public library of Alexandria, Virginia since 1937 – Alexandria Library has a long legacy of supporting early literacy and lifelong learning in our diverse community. The Alexandria Library builds community through its six branches by providing opportunities to learn, explore, create, and connect.","The Alexandria Library Company (ALC) was founded on July 24, 1794 and operated a subscription library for nearly 150 years. In 1937, the ALC entered an agreement with the City of Alexandria and their collections formed the foundation of the city's first free public library. Since then, the Alexandria Library has grown into a system of six branches which serve the community of Alexandria, Virginia. ","The Kate Waller Barrett Library opened its doors on Queen Street in 1937; this was the first location of the Alexandria Library. It was named after Dr. Kate Waller Barrett – local humanitarian, social crusader, and political reformer. The Society of Friends granted a 99-year lease for use of its old Quaker Burial Ground on Queen Street as the site for the new public library building. This library has undergone several renovations and expansions over the years, in 1954, 1964, and 1993. When the Charles E. Beatley, Jr. Central Library was built, the Barrett Library shifted from being the main library to its current role as a branch library which serves residents of Old Town Alexandria and surrounding neighborhoods.","The Robert Robinson Library, named for a grandson of one of George Washington's slaves, opened in 1940 to serve black residents of Alexandria. The establishment of this new branch library was motivated by a civil rights demonstration and lawsuit brought against the Library and the City of Alexandria. The earliest known civil rights sit-in was held at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library in 1939. Alexandria Attorney Samuel W. Tucker and five young African American men demonstrated this act of civil disobedience after being denied library cards. The Sit-In and following legal action resulted in the establishment of a new branch of the library to provide \"separate but equal\" library services to black residents. However, this new library branch never received the same support or funding as the main library and was never able to provide fully equitable services to the local African American community. The Alexandria Library officially integrated for adults in 1959, and for children in 1962. The Robert Robinson Library closed in 1962 and the building is now the site of the Alexandria Black History Museum.  More details about the 1939 sit-in and integration of Alexandria Library, as well as links to additional resources can be found on our website.","The Ellen Coolidge Burke Branch Library opened on Seminary Road in 1968. This branch library was named after Ellen Coolidge Burke (1901-1975), who served as Director of the Alexandria Library from 1948 to 1969. The Burke Branch Library serves residents of the Seminary Hill neighborhood and surrounding areas. ","The James M. Duncan, Jr. Branch Library opened on Commonwealth Avenue in 1969. The Duncan Branch Library serves residents of the Del Ray neighborhood and surrounding areas. This branch was named after James M. Duncan (1897-1967), who served as Chief of the Alexandria Fire Department 1924-1947, member of City Council 1949-1967, and member of the Alexandria Library Board 1950-1967. In 2005 the Duncan Branch Library underwent renovations and became the first City of Alexandria government building to have a \"living\" roof – a Green Infrastructure approach to reducing stormwater runoff and pollution in local waterways. ","The Local History / Special Collections Branch was established in 1976 and first housed at Lloyd House, a historic home on the corner of Queen and North Washington Streets. In 1999, after completion of the most recent round of renovations and expansions, Local History / Special Collections moved into the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library. Local History / Special Collections stewards many valuable resources documenting the history and culture of Alexandria and Virginia from the colonial period to the present.","The Charles E. Beatley, Jr. Central Library opened on Duke Street in 2000. This new central library was named after former mayor of Alexandria, Charles E. \"Chuck\" Beatley, Jr. (1916-2003). Upon completion of the new main library site, library adminstration offices were moved from the Barrett Library (formerly the central library) to the Beatley Library.","In 2015 the Library took over management of the Alexandria Law Library, located in the basement of the Alexandria Circuit Court on King Street. The Alexandria Law Library provides legal resources for the benefit of the entire Alexandria community, including its citizens, government agencies, local businesses, the judiciary, and members of the bar.","For a more detailed timeline of the history of Alexandria Library, check out our website.","Alexandria Library Board Records\n Alexandria Library Company Records (MS002)","This collection contains the records of the Alexandria Library, documenting the administration and operation of the Library, dating from the founding of the public library in 1937 through the present. Included are administrative records, annual reports, financial records, circulation records, materials documenting the history of the Library, programming and outreach records, and records of the individual branches of the library system. Formats include textual documents, photographs, and ephemera.","The Alexandria Library is an active organization, and so this collection is a living collection which will be periodically added to and updated. Check this collection guide for any future updates to the collection. ","This series contains materials documenting the Alexandria Library, from its founding as a public library in 1937 through the early 2000s. The majority of documents in this series pertain to the decades between 1950 and 2000. These records document the administration and operations of the Library and its individual branches, as well as materials documenting the history of the Alexandria Library. Documents include annual reports, financial records, correspondence, project files, and other administrative documentation. Also included in this series are ephemera and realia, photographs and other graphic materials, and some oversized materials.","This sub-series contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, as well as its individual branches. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1938 through 1942. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1943 through 1946. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1947 through 1948. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1949 through 1950. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1951 through 1953. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1954 through 1956. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1957 through 1959. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1960 through 1961. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1964. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence.","This sub-series contains administrative and financial records of the Alexandria Library. Documents include correspondence, budgets and other financial records, affirmative action records, bylaws and agreements, official city proclamations, gift records, and other administrative materials.","This folder contains records pertaining to administrative and financial dealings of the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1937 through the 1950s. Documents include final copies of bylaws, charters, and agreements as well as draft documents, reference materials, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to administrative and financial dealings of the Alexandria Library system, dating from the 1950s through the 1992. Documents include final copies of bylaws, charters, and agreements as well as draft documents, reference materials, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to the Affirmative Action plan put in place for the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1975.","This folder contains records pertaining to the Affirmative Action policy used to create an Affirmative Action plan for the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1976.","This folder contains records pertaining to the Affirmative Action plans for the City of Alexandria, dating from 1976 and 1980. Documents include final Affirmative Action plans from both 1976 and 1980.","This folder contains records pertaining to the Affirmative Action plans for the Alexandria Public Library, dating from 1978 through 1982. Documents include reference material used to create the Affirmative Action plans including OSHA Recordkeeping guidelines and guidelines from the Department of Equal Employment Opportunity for the City of Alexandria. Other documents include Alexandria Public Library's Affirmative Action goals, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to the Affirmative Action reports for the Alexandria Public Library system, dating from 1974 through 1976. Documents include final Affirmative Action and Equal Employment Opportunity reports, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to the Affirmative Action reports for the Alexandria Public Library system, dating from 1977 through 1980. Documents include final Affirmative Action and Equal Employment Opportunity reports, sample forms, reference materials, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to the Affirmative Action reports for the Alexandria Public Library system, dating from 1981 through 1987. Documents include final Affirmative Action and Equal Employment Opportunity reports, sample forms, membership reports, reference materials, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to the Budget for the Alexandria Public Library system, dated from 1938 through 1944. Documents include draft material, proposed yearly budgets, final budget reports, press related to the budget, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to the Budget for the Alexandria Public Library system, dated from 1945 through 1948. Documents include draft material, proposed yearly budgets, final budget reports, press related to the budget, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to the Budget for the Alexandria Public Library system, dated from 1949 through 1951. Documents include proposed yearly budgets, final budget reports, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to the Budget for the Alexandria Public Library system, dated from 1951 through 1953. Documents include draft material, proposed yearly budgets, final budget reports, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to the Budget for the Alexandria Public Library system, dated from 1953 through 1955. Documents include draft material, proposed yearly budgets, final budget reports, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to the Budget for the Alexandria Public Library system, dated from 1955 through 1959. Documents include draft material, proposed yearly budgets, final budget reports, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to the Budget for the Alexandria Public Library system, dated from 1955 through 1959. Documents include , proposed yearly budgets, final budget reports, reference materials, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to the budget for the City of Alexandria's City Planning and Capital Improvement programs in regard to the Alexandria Public Library system, dated from 1950 through 1961. Documents include final budget reports, proposed budgets, proposed building projects, draft material, reference material, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to Rules, Regulations, and Review articles for the Alexandria Public Library system, dated from 1937 through 1955. Documents include inquiries regarding librarian salaries of other Virginia public libraries, proposed rules and regulations for Alexandria Public Library, final rules and regulations for Alexandria Public Library, meeting minutes, library directories, press regarding the library, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains a 2014 copy of the introduced House Joint Resolution No. 418 which details the historical significance of the 1939 Alexandria Library Sit-in to the House of Delegates, Mayor of Alexandria, and General Assembly and proposes that this information be conveyed at an upcoming ceremony.","This folder contains records pertaining to correspondence to and from Alexandria Library, dated from 1937 through 1951. Documents included correspondence, press regarding Alexandria Public Library, proposals for the planning and construction of the Robert Robinson Library, and other related notes.","This folder contains records pertaining to correspondence to and from Alexandria Library, dated from 1952 through 1961. Documents include written correspondence, meeting and presentation notes, book acquisitions and acquisition proposals, and other related notes.","This folder contains records pertaining to the professional and nonprofessional duties within public libraries set forth by the American Library Association, dated from 1948. Documents include the preliminary draft of the Descriptive List of Professional and Nonprofessional Duties in Libraries handbook.","This folder contains records pertaining to position descriptions and pay plans for Virginia public libraries, dated from 1950. Documents include a guidebook detailing all positions available with Virginia public libraries, their position descriptions, and recommended qualifications.","This folder contains records pertaining to \"Position Classification and Salary Administration in Libraries\", dated from 1951. Documents include a handbook titled \"Position Classification and Salary Administration in Libraries\", written by the American Library Association, detailing guides and standards for library administrative staff to utilize when creating administrative plans.","This folder contains records pertaining to information and guidelines for new City of Alexandria employees, dated from 1950 to 1986. Documents include guidebooks detailing fundamental information regarding being employed by the City of Alexandria, code of ethics, and guidelines for managers to effectively communicate employee evaluations.","This sub-series contains records documenting circulation statistics of the Library.","This folder contains records pertaining to circulation statistics for the Alexandria Library system, dated from 1937 through 1940. Documents include overall number of books circulated during a given year and ledgers detailing the number and genre of Adult books circulated each day of the year that the library was open to the public.","This folder contains records pertaining to circulation statistics for the Alexandria Library system, dated from 1937 through 1940. Documents include ledgers detailing the number and genre of Children's books circulated each day of the year that the library was open to the public.","This folder contains records pertaining to circulation statistics for the Alexandria Library system, dated from 1941 through 1942. Documents include ledgers detailing the number and genre of Adult and Children's books circulated each day of the year that the library was open to the public.","This folder contains records pertaining to circulation statistics for the Alexandria Library system, dated from 1943 through 1944. Documents include ledgers detailing the number and genre of Adult and Children's books circulated each day of the year that the library was open to the public.","This folder contains records pertaining to circulation statistics for the Alexandria Library system, dated from 1944 through 1949. Documents include ledgers detailing the number and genre of Adult and Children's books circulated each day of the year that the library was open to the public.","This folder contains records pertaining to circulation statistics for the Alexandria Library system, dated from 1949 through 1953. Documents include ledgers detailing the number and genre of Adult and Children's books circulated each day of the year that the library was open to the public.","This folder contains records pertaining to circulation statistics for the Alexandria Library system, dated from 1949. Documents include ledgers detailing the number and genre of Adult and Children's books circulated each day of the year that the library was open to the public.","This folder contains records pertaining to circulation statistics for the Alexandria Library system, dated from 1944 through 1946. Documents include ledgers detailing the number and genre of Adult and Children's books circulated each day of the year that the library was open to the public.","This sub-series contains materials of mixed formats documenting the history of the Library and its programming and outreach work. Documents include scrapbooks, posters, news clippings, correspondence, administrative documents, event programs, and photographs.","This folder contains materials pertaining to Alexandria Library history, dating from 1957-1961. Documents include newspaper clippings from various local newspapers, event photos, correspondence, and other related notes.","This folder contains records pertaining to the history of Alexandria Library, dated from c. 1960. Documents include notes, correspondence, and copies of newspaper articles relating to the library.","This folder contains records pertaining to the history of Alexandria Library. Documents include copies of events schedules, event programs, summaries of the library's history, copies of newspaper articles relating to the library, and other related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to the history of Alexandria Library, dated from 1937 through 1947. Documents include newspaper clippings that detail library history, press, and publicity.","This folder contains records pertaining to the history of Alexandria Library, dated from 1955 through 1973. Documents include newspaper clippings that detail library history, press, and publicity.","This folder contains records pertaining to the history of Alexandria Library, dated from 1936 through 1954. Documents include summaries of the library's history, copies of newspaper articles relating to the library, and other related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to the history of Alexandria Library, dated from 1945 through 1985. Documents include copies of newspaper articles relating to the library, and other related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to publicity correspondence for Alexandria Library, dated from c. 1954-1986. Documents include correspondence relating to proposed exhibits, cosmetic changes to library branches, research inquiries, proof of membership, thank-you messages, plans for library news releases, and other related notes.","This folder contains records pertaining to press releases for Alexandria Library, dated from 1947-1986. Documents include drafts of news releases, draft 5-year plan documents, descriptions of upcoming library programs, mock-ups for news articles relating to the library, and other related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to events related to Alexandria Library, dated from 1954 through 1992. Documents include programs from library events and other notes and correspondence.","This folder contains biographical research materials about James M. Duncan, Jr. (the namesake of the Duncan Branch) which were collected by branch managers of Duncan Branch. Materials include notes, newsclippings, and photocopies of newsclippings.","This folder contains photographs of the 1995 ribbon cutting ceremony celebrating the re-opening of the Kate Waller Barrett Branch after renovations.","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Eight people, presumed to be library officials, stand on the main floor of the Barrett Branch in front of a seated audience, in the midst of a ribbon cutting ceremony. The smiling officials cutting the red ribbon, who include six men and two women, are dressed professionally and each holds their own pair of scissors. Behind them are shelves of library books and a set of stairs that lead up to the second floor of the library. The seated audience of men and women watches as the ceremony proceeds. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #402","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Eight people, presumed to be library officials, stand on the main floor of the Barrett Branch in front of a seated audience, in the midst of a ribbon cutting ceremony. The officials, who include six men and two women, have not yet cut the red ribbon and are dressed professionally. Each of the eight officials holds their own pair of scissors. Behind them are shelves of library books and a set of stairs that up to the second floor of the library. The seated audience of men and women watches as the ceremony proceeds. The photograph is dated September 10th, 1995. Photo previously labeled #403","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. This candid photo of men and women milling around the first floor of the Barrett Branch was taken, presumably, after the conclusion of the ceremony. Some of the people pictured are in conversation with one another, while others are taking in their surroundings. In the foreground is a podium framed on either side by yellow flowers and an American flag. In the background are library books shelves and a set of stairs that lead up to the second floor of the library. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #404","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. This candid photo was taken amidst a crowd of people attending the ceremony on the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library. The men and women of various ages stand milling around the space. Some are in conversation with one another while others look in many directions, taking in their surroundings. Visible in the background is the entrance to the library that consists of floor to ceiling windows allowing natural daylight to stream in. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #405","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. The photo is of several people standing around on the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library. The three men and one woman in the foreground are in conversation with each other but only the two men on the right have realized the group is being photographed. The two men on the right are looking at the camera and smiling, while the women is still speaking and the third man is looking to his right with his back to the photographer. In the background are other people, some in conversation and some not, as well as empty chairs set up against filled bookshelves. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #406","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. A large audience of men and women have filled the main floor of the Barrett Branch, presumably watching as the ceremony unfolds. Some of the people are sitting in the middle of the space while the rest of the crowd have filled the available standing room, even standing in the sunlight filled entrance vestibule, at the back of the room, to catch a glimpse through the floor to ceiling windows. Regardless of placement, almost all the audience members have their attentions set on the events happening behind the camera, just out of frame. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #407","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Two women stand posing for a picture, on the main floor of the Barrett Branch, presumably after the conclusion of the ceremony. With their arms around each other, the woman on the left looks directly at the camera while the women on the right smiles at something out of frame on the left. In the background are more people, men and women, milling around the large indoor space. Some are in conversation with one another and others are simply moving about the space. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #409","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. The photo is of two smiling men and a young child posing for a picture together. On the left, the young child stands holding the hand of the man in the middle who has brown hair and mustache, is wearing glasses and is dressed in a dark-colored suit with a white shirt and red patterned tie. The man on the right, who stands with his hand on the shoulder of the man in the middle, has white hair and is wearing glasses and a dark-colored suit with a white shirt and blue tie. All three stand under a half visible, gold-framed, painted portrait of Kate Waller Barrett that is hanging on the wall behind them. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #410","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Three men and two children stand posing for a picture together. The three men are all wearing dark-colored suits with light-colored shirts and ties. The two children, one boy and one girl, stand in front of the men in the middle and on the right. The boy wears a light-colored button-down shirt and striped dress pants while the girl wears a striped, long-sleeve dress with black tights and black shoes with pink shoelaces. All five smile at the camera as they pose under a gold-framed, painted portrait of Kate Waller Barrett. The woman in the portrait has her white hair tied back in a bun and sits, posed in profile, and is wearing dark-colored clothes, with floral accents. A gold cross pendant hangs from her neck and a brooch is pinned to her chest. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #411","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. A woman stands posing for a picture with the portrait of Kate Waller Barrett hanging near the entrance of the Barrett Branch Library. The woman, dressed in a red blazer and skirt, smiles as she looks to left at something just out of frame. She stands below the gold-framed, painted portrait of Kate Waller Barrett. In the portrait, Kate Waller Barrett has her white hair tied back into a bun and sits, posed in profile, wearing dark-colored clothes, with floral accents. A gold cross pendant hangs from her neck and a brooch is pinned to her chest. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #412","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Three men and two children stand posing for a picture together under the portrait of Kate Waller Barrett that hangs near the entrance of the Barrett Branch Library. The man on the left has white hair and is wearing glasses, a dark-colored suit, a light-colored shirt and blue tie. He has his hand on the shoulder of the little girl to the right of him who wears a striped long-sleeve dress with black tights and black shoes with pink laces. The little girl holds the hand of the man in the middle who wears a dark-colored suit with a light-colored shirt and dark patterned tie. Next to him, on the right, stands the little boy who wears a light-colored button-down shirt and striped dress pants. The little boy holds the hand of the last man on the right who has brown hair and mustache, glasses, and wears a dark-colored suit with a light-colored shirt and red patterned tie. All five stand beneath the gold-framed, painted portrait of Kate Waller Barrett who has her white hair tied back into a bun. She sits, posed in profile, and is wearing dark-colored clothes, with floral accents, with a gold cross pendant hanging from her neck and a brooch pinned to her chest. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #413","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. The candid photograph is of four men standing in front of the portrait of Kate Waller Barrett that hangs near the entrance to the library. The two men on the left are greeting each other and the two men on the right are standing separately both looking in opposite directions towards things just out of frame. All the men are dressed in suits and ties and three out of four are wearing glasses. The leftmost man is holding multiple pairs of scissors and the second man from the right is holding an event program. Behind them, hanging on the wall is the gold-framed, painted portrait of Kate Waller Barrett who has white hair tied back into a bun and sits, posed in profile, wearing dark-colored clothes, with floral accents, with a gold cross pendant hanging from her neck and a brooch pinned to her chest. Also in the background, off to the left, is a child, seemingly in motion, appearing blurry in the photograph. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #414","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. The candid photograph is of a group of men and women standing around a table of computers on the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library. On the round table there are four white computers, each with their own keyboard and mouse. Two of the computers are in use, one by a man in dark dress pants and white shirt and the other by two people, a woman and young man, working together. In the background are other people milling about as well as library bookshelves and a set of stairs leading to the second floor of the library. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #415","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. The candid photograph is of two groups of men and women, some sitting and some standing, inside of the library presumably before the ceremony begins. To left is a group of seated people, partially blocked from view by a desk, and to the right is a group of men standing together in conversation. Between the two groups sits a small stage with an American flag, bordered at the front by small pots of yellow flowers. In the background are rows of both tall and short bookshelves in front of a glass-front room. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #416","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of two women and one man standing in conversation with one another. The two women are both in light-colored dresses and the woman on the right faces away from the camera and carries a purse. The man wears glasses and is dressed in a light-colored suit with a white dress shirt and patterned tie. The woman on the left looks across to the woman on the right as she and the man in the middle are looking at each other. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #417","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of men and women milling about inside the Barrett Branch. The people in the foreground seem to be in conversation with each other while others are having separate conversations in the background. The photo is being taken from behind a bookshelf decorated with a potted plant whose leaves have just started to come in to frame on the right side of the photo. Behind the people are more bookshelves, decorated with flowers, and a glass-front room. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #418","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photo of four men, one woman, and two children. Every person pictured is looking in a different direction, some seeming to be moving towards different parts of the room and appearing blurry in the photo. All of the men are dressed in suits, the woman wears a pink buttoned jacket, the little boy wears a light-color button-down, and the little girl wears a striped long-sleeve dress. Behind them on the wall hangs a gold-framed, painted portrait of Kate Waller Barrett who has white hair tied back into a bun and sits, posed in profile, wearing dark-colored clothes, with floral accents. A gold cross pendant is hanging from her neck and a brooch is pinned to her chest. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #419","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. The photo is of the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library. In the library stands many men, women, and children milling about the space. Some are in conversation with one another, while others take in their surroundings or speak to people sitting behind the circulation desk to the left of the photo. To the right of the photo is the beginning of a staircase that leads to the second floor of the library. Visible from the balcony, the second floor is filled with bookshelves. In the background, on the lower level, stands a small stage and podium framed by small pots of yellow flowers and an American flag as well as a glass-front room whose windows are letting in bright daylight. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #420","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. The photo is of the main floor of the Barrett Branch and there are men and women milling around in the space, some in conversation with one another and others taking in their surroundings. On the right side of the picture, some of the people stand in front of the circulation desk, decorated with pots of yellow and orange flowers. On the left side of the picture are some glass display cases displaying open books. In the background are the floor to ceiling windows of the entrance vestibule that are providing bright, natural light to the room. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #421","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Pictured is a large audience of men and women on the main floor of the Barrett Branch. Some of the people are sitting in the middle of the room while the rest of the crowd have begun filling in the available standing room, even standing in the sunlight filled entrance vestibule, at the back of the crowd, to catch a glimpse through the floor to ceiling windows. Regardless of placement, almost all the audience members have their attentions set on the events happening behind the camera, just out of frame. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #422","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a group of men and women, of differing ages, standing around a table of computers. At the round table, there are two people with their backs to the camera sharing the same computer, to their right is one woman at the next computer, and the next computer has a group of four sharing the same computer. In the foreground is a shelf that has been decorated with a pot of flowers, that have taken up the left side of the picture. In the background, behind the group of people at the computers is glass-front room and a few people within. Inside the room are bookshelves on the left wall and tables and chairs filling the middle. The windows on the back wall have had their blinds drawn to shade the interior from the bright daylight shining through. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #423","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of some people, both men and women, looking at the available materials on the bookshelves around them on the second floor of the Barrett Branch Library. Some of the men and women are browsing the shelves while others have begun reading their chosen materials. In the foreground are shorter bookshelves, with one man crouching to get a better look at the offerings on the bottom shelf. In the background are taller bookshelves, that almost reach from floor to ceiling. Behind the taller bookshelves are some tables and chairs that have been backlit by the daylight coming through the windows on the back wall. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #424","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a seated audience facing a group of people who seem like library officials seated at the front of the room. The seated audience is facing away from the camera and the group of men and women at the front of the room are applauding in welcome to the man who is standing at the front of the room. He has brown hair and mustache, is wearing glasses and a grey suit with dark tie. Off to the right of the photo is a staircase that leads to the second floor whose balcony sits above the group of clapping men and women. Behind them stands bookshelves, completely filled, that almost reach from floor to ceiling. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #425","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a woman speaking to an audience from an elevated podium. The woman, dressed in a red blazer and white shirt, is looking through her glasses out over the audience. Behind her is both short and tall bookshelves, as well as a wall of glass, and to the left stands an American flag. The woman at the podium stands below the second-floor balcony of the Barrett Branch where three musicians sit with music stands in front of them and bookshelves at their back. In the foreground, somewhat blocking the view of the seated audience, is the circulation desk topped with stacks of paper. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #426","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a seated audience, extending out of frame, who have their attention on a man speaking from an elevated podium. The man at podium, dressed in a dark-colored suit with a white shirt and red tie, is looking down at the podium through his glasses. Behind the podium are rows of book shelves, both short and tall with some decorated with flowers, as well as a glass-front room. The man at the podium stands beneath the second-floor balcony of the Barrett Branch Library. Visible through the balcony's railing are filled bookshelves. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #427","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a man speaking from behind a podium. The man is standing, dressed in a dark-colored suit with a white shirt and dark patterned tie, looking down at the podium through his dark tinted glasses. Behind him are rows of book shelves, both short and tall with some decorated with flowers, as well as a glass-front room. The podium stands below the second-floor balcony of the Barrett Branch Library where three chairs and two music stands are set up. The right most chair is occupied by a person in white shirt and dark pants. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #428","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a woman speaking from an elevated podium. The woman, dressed in a blue dress and matching blue jacket, looks out to an audience just out of frame and she is observed by a small panel of professionally dressed men and women, presumed to be other library officials, on the right side of the picture. The picture is being taken from behind the circulation desk, complete with computer, receipt printer, and landline phone. A pot of yellow, orange and red flowers sits atop the desk, partially blocking an American flag from view. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #429","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a woman speaking from an elevated podium in front of an audience of people that extends out of frame. The woman, dressed in a pink blazer over a dark patterned dress with a string of pearls around her neck, is looking down at the podium while the audience listens. Behind her are rows of book shelves, both short and tall with some decorated with flowers, as well as a glass-front room. The speaker and podium stand beneath an the second-floor balcony of the Barrett Branch Library, where three chairs, music stands, and musicians are seated and viewable through the balcony's railing. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #430","This folder contains photographs of the 1995 ribbon cutting ceremony celebrating the re-opening of the Kate Waller Barrett Branch after renovations.","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a man speaking to an audience, extending out of frame, from an elevated podium. The man, dressed in a dark-colored suit with white shirt and dark patterned tie, is looking down at the podium while holding up a closed book in his right hand and paper in his left hand. Behind him are rows of short and tall bookshelves, some decorated with flowers, in front of a glass-front room. Above the podium sits the second-floor balcony of the Barrett Branch Library. Through the railing, three chairs, music stands, and musicians can be seen in front of filled bookshelves. In the foreground, on the left side of the picture, is the circulation desk topped with stacks of papers. The photo is dated from 1995. Photo previously labeled #431","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a woman speaking from an elevated podium to audience, which extends out of frame. The woman is dressed in a matching blue jacket and dress, and looks out over the audience at something not visible as the audience turns to follow her gaze. To her left and right are men in dark-colored suits and ties that also follow her line-of-sight. Behind her are bookshelves, both tall and short, and a glass-front room. Above the podium is the second-floor balcony and through the railing, three chairs, music stands, and musicians can be seen in front of filled bookshelves. In the foreground, blocking some of the audience from view, is the circulation desk with a computer and piles of paper. The photo is dated from 1995. Photo previously labeled #432","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. This slightly out of focus, color candid photograph is of a woman speaking from an elevated podium to an audience that is seated just out of frame. The woman, dressed in a pink jacket over a dark, patterned dress, is bordered by a group of seated men and women, presumed to be other library officials, on the right and an American flag on the left. Above the woman at the podium is the second-floor balcony and behind her are tall bookshelves and a glass front room. The photo is being taken from behind the circulation desk which has a computer and a pot of yellow, red and orange flowers. The photo is dated from 1995. Photo previously labeled #433","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a group of men and women in conversation with each other amidst the ribbon cutting ceremony. The group consists of four men and two women, presumed to be library officials, who trade smiles and handshakes in front of a clapping audience. Some of the members of the group are still holding scissors and the pieces of red ribbon that were cut as part of the ceremony. Behind them are bookshelves that extend backward into the space. The photo is dated from 1995. Photo previously labeled #434","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a group of men and women amidst the ribbon cutting ceremony. The group consists of three men and two women, some still holding scissors and pieces of the red ribbon cut during the ceremony. The smiling woman in the middle has offered a handshake to the man to the left of her as the audience applauds them. Behind the ribbon cutters are tall and short bookshelves that extend backwards into the space. The photo is dated from 1995. Photo previously labeled #435","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photo of a group of three men and one woman, presumed to be library officials, are trading smiles and the woman offers a handshake to the man on the far left. The woman has grey hair and wears a matching blue jacket and dress. The men are dressed professionally in suits and ties. They stand in front of a small stage and podium, lined with small pots of yellow flowers and decorated by an American flag. Behind them are bookshelves, both tall and short, that extend backwards toward a glass-front room. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #436","Color photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. This candid photograph depicts several people standing behind the main circulation desk on the first floor of the Barrett Branch. In the foreground of the photo is a woman wearing a magenta dress and holding two books. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #408","Color portrait of an outdoor sign from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library after renovations were completed in 1995. On a bright, sunny day at the corner of a red-brick building sits a white sign that reads \"The 200 Block of North Columbus St. Welcomes the New Library\" and just below that it reads \"Thank You\". Propped up on a wooden easel, the sign is decorated by a single gold, metallic balloon that is moving with the wind. Behind the sign to the right are row houses and a parked car. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #441","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, a group of presumed library officials sit next to a stage and listen to the woman speaking from the podium. The woman has white hair and is dressed in a matching blue jacket and dress turns her head to welcome another woman who making her way to an empty chair among the group of officials. The woman being welcomed has tied back, brown hair and glasses and is wearing a colorful dress and black, t-strap shoes. Some of the men and women in the group of officials clap while others offer warm smiles to the approaching woman. Behind them is a small circulation desk and filled bookshelves. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #442","Color portrait photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, a group of presumed library staff stand behind the circulation desk and smile at the camera. Four women are directly behind the desk and five more seem to be coming out of the room just behind the desk. Some of the other women have realized their picture is being taken and look at the camera, while others have not and continue their conversations with one another. One man stands in front of the desk and has turned to face the camera while a final woman seems to being walking past him. Folding chairs are set up and extend out of frame and because each still has a paper program on it, it is likely the event has not yet started. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #443","Color candid photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, two group of presumed library officials both sit and stand next to a small stage. Though not all the chairs are filled, the seated group includes three women and four men, all dressed professionally, who seem to be waiting for the event to start. The standing group, consisting of three men and two women, are all in conversation with one another. The woman in the middle with white hair, blue dress and light-colored purse is speaking and the remainder of the standing group leans in to listen. Behind them is the stage, decorated with an American flag, and both tall and short bookshelves that extend out of frame. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #444","Color photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera aims at the circulation desk and the people that stand around it. Presumed to be library staff, four women stand together and all but one is smiling up at the camera. Other people, presumed to be library staff and officials, stand around the desk. Some are in conversation and others are looking in different directions around the room. In front of the circulation desk, extending out of frame, are rows of folding chairs each with a paper program on the seats. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #445","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Set up on the second-floor balcony of the Barrett Branch, are three female musicians in the midst of performing. All three are wearing white dress shirts and black bottoms and each sit in her own wooden chair across from sheet music on a music stand and plays from a flute. Behind them are a man and a woman in conversation leaning over the balcony railing to get a better view of what is going on the floor below. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #446","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, pictured is a man in a dark suit and tie speaking from a podium on a small elevated stage, which he shares with an American flag. Bordering the front of the stage are small pots of yellow flowers. To the left and right of the stage sit two groups of men and women, presumably library officials who have their attention on the man speaking. Behind them are rows of both tall and short bookshelves that extend back into the room and out of frame. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #447","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Men and women of varying ages stand milling around the main floor of the Barrett Branch library seeming after the conclusion of the ceremony. In the foreground, one man sits at a table with his hands on a computer keyboard and converses with the two women who are speaking to him. The woman on the left has short brown hair and wears a blue jacket and the woman on the right has short greying hair and wears a white shirt, denim bottoms, and carries a small purse. In the background is a larger group pf men and women, gathered around a table of computers. Behind are bookshelves that extend to the other side of the room where more people sit at tables in conversation. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #448","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Outside the front entrance of the Barrett Branch Library, in the shade of a tree, is a group of men and women who seem to be waiting for the library to open and for the ceremony to begin. On the front doors, illuminated by the sun, two signs read \"Re-opening\" and \"Sept. 10, 2PM\". Some of the group are sitting on the red brick retaining wall outside of the library while other stand in conversation closer to the entrance. The building is red brick, with white columns and white doors. A large, half-moon shaped windows sits atop the doors allowing natural light to fill the entrance vestibule within. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #449","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. The photo is aimed at the circulation desk where some people have begun to converse with the library staff behind the desk. In front of the desk, the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library has been filled with folding chairs where a few people have begun to sit. There are folded programs on each of the folding chairs, suggesting that the ceremony has not yet begun. On the right side of the picture are bookshelves that fill the space at the back of the main floor as well as the second floor, which is visible through the balcony railing. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #450","Color candid photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the picture is focused on the group of men and women standing against the wall behind the circulation desk. There are nine women and two men visible, dressed professionally, and most of them seem to have their attention on something happening just out of frame on the right. In front of the desk on the left is the beginnings of a seated audience and starting from the circulation desk extending out of frame across the front of the audience stretches the red ribbon that has yet to be cut. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #451","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. A group of two men, one woman, and one young man are standing in conversation with each other next to a round table that currently holds computers, of which only the keyboards and mice are visible. The young man has dark hair and wears a blue collared shirt and the woman he is next to has short brown hair and wears a blue patterned dress and carries a white purse. The two men are both dressed in dark suits with light dress shirts. The man with glasses wears a dark tie. Behind them are some table and chairs separating the group from the tall book shelves that extend out passed both sides of frame. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #452","Color candid photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, two men are pictured in conversation with each other while standing behind a podium on a small elevated stage. The men both wear suits with light-colored shirts, and the viewer is clearly able to see that the man on the left is wearing glasses and a tie. The man on the right has his back to the camera because his attention is on the other man who seems to be explaining something while pointing to something just out of sight on the left. In front of the stage are small pots of yellow flowers and beside the stage are rows of wooden chairs that have yet to be filled. Each chair has a folded program that seems to suggest the ceremony has yet to begin. Behind the men and the stage are bookshelves, both tall and short, that are filled with material. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #453","Color candid photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Pointed toward the interior entrance of the Barrett Branch, taken from the opposite end of the main floor, men and women are milling about the space presumably after the conclusion of the ribbon cutting. In the foreground are men and women using the available computers and in front of them is a large gathering of people milling around the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library. Some seem to be in conversation with one another, while other seem to simply be moving around the space. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #454","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at where the ceremony will be held. A large seated audience of men and women is forming behind a red ribbon that has been stretched from the circulation desk to the staircase's railing on the opposite side of the room. The men and women standing behind the circulation desk are, presumably, library staff and the few men and women that stand on the other side of the red ribbon from the audience are the library officials that will be speaking during the ceremony. The library officials seem to be looking at someone just out of frame and two of them are waving to try and get their attention. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #455","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at the main floor of the Barrett Branch where folding chairs have been set up in the middle of the room for an audience that has begun filing in. Men and women of varying ages and dress are coming in through the bright, naturally lit entrance vestibule, stopping at the circulation desk, before finding an empty seat. The men and women behind the circulation desk are, presumably, library staff who are either in conversation with one another or watching the people who are filing into the library. Just in front of the audience, stretching from the circulation desk to the railing of the staircase at the opposite of the room, is a red ribbon that is being handled by a woman in a dark top and patterned skirt. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #456","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points at a small group of men and women who are seated in wooden chairs to the left of a small stage with a podium. Seated in two rows, the group consists of four women and three men, and are presumed to be library officials. They are all in professional dress, either in suits and ties or dresses and blazers, and the front row seems to be conversation with each other. Just behind them, extending backward into the space, are filled bookshelves. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #457","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a man speaking from a podium on a small elevated stage. The man, wearing glasses and dressed in a grey-colored suit with a white shirt and dark-colored tie, holds a book in one hand and paper in the other as he looks out at the audience in front of him. The men and women seated next to the stage, who are presumed to be library officials, have their attention on the speaker. The stage is bordered in the front by small pots of yellow flowers and framed in the back by bookshelves that extend backward into the space. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #458","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a small elevated stage and podium and the men and women that surround it. The men and women, presumed to be library officials, stand with their hands over their hearts as they face the American flag that sits on the stage. All professionally dressed, only one man and one woman stand on the stage while the others stand to either side as they seem to recite the Pledge of Allegiance. Behind the stage are rows of bookshelves that extend backwards and out of frame. Above the stage is the second-floor balcony of the Barrett Branch. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #459","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a small elevated stage and podium and the men and women that surround it. On the stage stands a brown-haired woman, wearing a floral-patterned dress and pink blazer, speaking from a podium to the audience that sits in front of her just out of view. On either side of the stage sits other men and women, presumed to be library officials, who have their attention on the woman at the podium. Framing the front of the stage are small pots of yellow flowers and behind the stage, extending backwards out of frame, are bookshelves. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #460","This folder contains photographs of the 1995 ribbon cutting ceremony celebrating the re-opening of the Kate Waller Barrett Branch after renovations.","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a small elevated stage and podium and the people that surround it. Although the picture is out of focusing, appearing blurry, a woman with red hair and glasses, wearing a red blazer and skirt, can be seen speaking from the podium. With their attention on the speaker at the podium, the men and women that sit next to the stage are presumed to be library officials. The stage, framed at the front by small pots of yellow flowers, backs up to rows of short bookshelves that extend backward out of frame. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #461","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a small elevated stage and podium and the people that surround it. On the stage, standing at the podium, is a man with glasses wearing a dark-colored suit and tie with a red pocket square. He looks down at the paper on the podium as he speaks to the audience in front of him, sitting just out of view. The men and women sitting next to the stage, presumed to be library officials, are dressed professionally as some turn their attention toward the speaker. The front of the stage is framed by small pots of yellow flowers and rows of short bookshelves sit at the back of the stage. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #462","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down on the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library where the audience sits as the ribbon ceremony goes on. On the left side of the picture, many men and women sit in folding chairs as they listen to the man speaking from the small elevated stage and podium in front of them. Stretching from the circulation desk, across the room, to the railing of the staircase is a red ribbon that separates the audience from the men and women on and around the stage. There are also men and women that stand behind the circulation desk, presumed to be library staff, that have their attention on the man at the podium, who is dressed in a dark-colored suit with a light-colored shirt. On either side of the stage, separated from the general audience, sit other men and women who are presumed to be library officials. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #463","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down on the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library where the audience sits as the ribbon ceremony goes on. On the right side of the picture sits a large audience of men and women that extends backwards out if frame. They are separated from the small stage and podium by a red ribbon that stretches from the circulation desk, across the room, to the railing of the staircase that leads to the second floor. Behind the circulation desk stands a few men and women, who are presumed to be library staff, who have their attention on the man that speaks from the podium. The speaker, dressed in a dark-colored suit and tie, looks down at the paper on the podium as he addresses the audience in front of him. The people sitting to left and right of the stage, who are separate from the general audience, are presumed to be library officials who are part of the ceremony proceedings. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #464","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a man standing in behind a podium on a small elevated stage. The man, dressed in a grey-colored suit and glasses, seems to have his head tilted down in pause to accept the applause he is receiving from the people around him. Next to the stage sits a group of men and women who are presumed to be library officials. One man and one woman can be seen clapping for the man on the stage. The front of the stage is framed by small pots of yellow flowers and the back of the stage is bordered by short bookshelves that extend backward out of view. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #465","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a woman standing behind a podium on a small elevate stage. The woman has grey hair, dressed in a matching blue dress and blazer, and looks out at the audience seated in front of her, just out of view. There is a group of men and women seated in three rows next to the stage, presumed to be library officials, who look and listen to the woman speaking from the podium. Behind the stage and the group of library officials are some tall and short bookshelves that extend backward into the space and out of frame. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #466","Color candid photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library where men and women are milling around presumably after the ribbon has been cut officially opening the library. The men and women, of all ages and in varying dress, are either in conversation with one another or are on the move to a different part of the space. Some are making their way up the stairs and past whomever is taking the picture while others are moving towards the rows of bookshelves that extend backward out of frame. Barely visible amongst the people is a small stage and podium where library officials had spoken during the ceremony. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #467","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a small stage and the men and women that surround it. On the stage, standing behind a podium, is grey-haired woman in a matching blue dress and blazer who speaks to the audience seated in front of her, just out of view. On either side of the stage where the woman in blue is speaking from, sits two groups of men and women, presumed to be library officials, who have attention on the woman in blue. The front of the stage is framed with small pots of yellow flowers and the back is bordered by short bookshelves that extend backward into the space. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #468","Color candid photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at the main floor of the Barret Branch where people have begun to move about the space, presumably, at the conclusion of the ribbon cutting ceremony. Some of the men and women are in conversation with each other while others have begun exploring the space and materials available. Visible among the crowd is the circulation desk, with a few staff members working from behind it. Across the room, also visible among the crowd, is the small stage and podium that library officials spoke from during the ceremony. Above the crowd, on the right side of the picture, is the second-floor balcony which has been populated by more exploring people. The photo is dated from 1995. Photo previously labeled #469","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a small stage and podium. Standing behind the podium is a man with glasses, wearing a dark-colored suit and tie, who is looking down at the papers on the podium in front of him. To one side of the stage is small group of men and women who are seated in three rows, all in professional dress. This small group of people are presumed to be library officials, as is the man in a grey-colored suit that is seated behind the stage. Behind the stage are short bookshelves that extend backward out of frame and the front of the stage is line with small pots of yellow flowers. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #470","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at the main floor of the Barret Branch wear a stage sits before a large seated audience. Separating the audience from the stage is a long red ribbon stretching from the circulation desk across the room to the staircase's railing. Behind the circulation desk, standing with their backs to the wall, are men and women who seem to be part of the library staff. On the stage stands a brown-haired woman, wearing a floral-patterned dress and pink blazer, speaking from a podium to the audience that sits in front of her. On either side of the stage sits other men and women, presumed to be library officials, who have their attention on the woman at the podium. Framing the front of the stage are small pots of yellow flowers and behind the stage, extending backwards out of frame, are bookshelves. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #471","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at the main floor of the Barret Branch wear a stage sits before a large seated audience. Separating the audience from the stage is a long red ribbon stretching from the circulation desk across the room to the staircase's railing. Behind the circulation desk, standing with their backs to the wall, are men and women who seem to be part of the library staff. On the stage stands a man with glasses, wearing a grey-colored suit, speaking from a podium to the audience that sits in front of him. On either side of the stage sits other men and women, presumed to be library officials, who have their attention on the man at the podium. Framing the front of the stage are small pots of yellow flowers and behind the stage, extending backwards out of frame, are bookshelves. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #472","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a small stage and podium as well as the people that surround it. Speaking from the podium stands a man with glasses, in a grey-colored suit and tie, who looks down at the paper in front of him. On either side of the stage sits two small groups of men and women, presumed to be library officials, who have their attention on the man on stage. All are professionally dressed and some hold programs probably pertaining to the ceremony. The front of the stage is lined with small pots of yellow flows and behind the stage are rows of short and tall books shelves. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #473","Color candid photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at two groups of men and women on the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library. The group closest to the camera consists of six men and two women who are professionally dressed and seem to be library officials. Each woman shakes the hand of one of the men in the group. Behind them is a small stage and podium, that is lined with small pots of yellow flowers along the front. In the other side of the stage is another small group of men and women, also thought to be library officials. One woman seated at the front of the group, with white hair and patterned dress, is leaning forward to greet a woman with brown hair, black jacket, and skirt standing in front of her. Behind the two groups and the stage are bookshelves that extend backward out of frame. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #474","Color candid photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a small group of men and women who are standing, in conversation with each other. The group, consisting of two women and five men, are all professionally dressed and seem to be library officials. Facing away from the camera, one woman with a pink jacket is shaking hands with a man in a dark colored suit and patterned tie. Behind this group is a small, unoccupied stage and podium and on the other side of the stage is another group of seated, presumed, library officials. Behind the stage are bookshelves that extend backwards out of frame. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #475","Color photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. In the foreground of the picture, two unidentified women smile at the camera. The woman on the left has short blond hair, glasses, and wears a patterned collared dress. The woman in the left has dark brown hair and wears a dark blue top with a high neck. Behind them are more men and women who are milling about on the main floor of the Barrett Branch, presumably after the conclusion of the ceremony. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #476","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. The camera is pointed at the line of men and women standing at the circulation desk at the Barrett Branch Library. Presumably, these are members of the public who attended the ribbon cutting and are now exploring the new space after the conclusion of the ceremony. On the upper right-side of the picture, visible through the railing, is the second-floor balcony where people a standing amongst the bookshelves. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #477","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a man standing on a small stage, behind a podium. Though the camera is unfocused and the photo appears slightly blurry it can be determined that the man, dressed in a dark-colored suit with a white pocket square, looks down at the papers on the podium as the small group of men and women seated on the other side of the stage have their attention on him. The small group of men and women, who are dressed professionally, are presumed to be library officials that are part of the ribbon cutting ceremony. One other presumed official is seated behind the stage and is reading a piece of paper. Also, behind the stage and the small group of library officials, are rows of bookshelves that extend backward out of frame. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #478","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a line of people who stand facing a seated audience of men and women. The line of people is professionally dressed men and women, presumably library officials, who each hold onto a red ribbon that stretches across the room from the circulation desk to the railing of the staircase. The seated audience and the men and women standing behind the circulation desk smile at the line of officials as they cut the ribbon. One woman, with grey hair and blue dress, holds up her scissors and her portion of the red ribbon in celebration. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #479","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a man in a grey-colored suit who stands on a small stage. Looking down at the orange-handled scissors in hand, he faces a small group of men and women, presumed to be library officials, as they walk towards the left side of the photo. The man on the stage is handing out pairs of scissors to members of the ribbon cutting ceremony as they make their way towards the ribbon that is just out of view. Behind the man and the stage, is another small group of men and women seated in front of bookshelves who watch as the other officials make their way to the ribbon. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #480","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library and the men and women who are filing in before the start of the ceremony. There are folding chairs set up in the middle of the room that a being filled by people coming from the entrance vestibule at the back of the space. Behind the circulation desk stands many men and women, presumed to be library staff, who watch as members of the public take their seats. In front of the audience stretching across the room, from the circulation desk to the railing of the staircase, is a long red ribbon. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #481","This folder contains black and white photographs pertaining to the Robert H. Robinson Library, dated from 1946 to 1950. The photos capture the Robert H. Robinson Library building, staff, and various events.","Black and white photograph of Sara Murphy Carr sitting at her desk in the Robert Robinson Branch of Alexandria Library. Carr has short, dark hair and is wearing a light-colored blazer and a dark-colored top underneath. She looks directly at the camera from a chair behind her wooden desk, which is topped with file folders, a box of catalog cards, a folded newspaper, and other items. Behind her is a cart filled books and behind her further are filled bookshelves, some are topped with more books or other décor. The photo is dated c.1948. Photo previously labeled as #494","Black and white photograph of Sara Murphy Carr posing for a picture in the doorway of the Robert Robinson Library. Carr has short, dark hair and is wearing a light-color jacket, dark-colored top, light-colored knee length skirt, with dark-colored shoes. She stands facing the camera and seems to have her hand on the knob of the front door that is slightly ajar behind her. A stoop and front step lead up to the front of the brick building and above the white trimmed door is a sign that reads \"Robert Robinson Library\" in dark letters. The photo is dated c.1948. Photo previously labeled as #495","Black and white candid photograph taken outside the Robert Robinson Library as Miss Bracie enters the building. Facing the front of the library, the photo captures a woman, identified as Miss Bracie, stepping up to the front door of the building. With her back to the camera, Miss Bracie wears a light-colored jacket and skirt, a much lighter-colored hat with black sash, and carries a dark-colored hand bag. The building, made of brick with a dark-colored metal roof, has one brick chimney on the left side and four narrow windows that are evenly separated by the white trimmed front door. Above the front door, just under an outdoor light, is a sign that reads \"Robert Robinson Library\" in dark letters. A cement walkway leads up to the door and is bordered on either side by shrubbery and grass. The photo is dated c.1950. Photo previously labeled as #496","Black and white photograph of Story Hour at Robert Robinson Library. Robinson Librarian Minnie N. Fuller, sits and reads to twelve children who either sit in chairs or kneel on the carpeted floor in front of her. Fuller has short, dark hair and is wearing a light-colored dress with light-colored shoes. Her head is tilted down and away from the camera as she reads the book and the children, both boys and girls, are turned to face her. Behind the children are three windows that have their blinds open. The photo is dated 1950. Photo previously labeled as #497","Black and white photograph of a group of men and women, presumably attending an event, at the Robert H. Robinson Library. Posed in two rows, nine women and three men are pictured together with some looking directly at the camera and others facing in different directions. All are dressed up, with the women in dresses and dress hats and the men in suits. One clergyman stands in the second row and is dressed in a clerical collar. One woman is identified as Alexandria Library Director Ellen Coolidge Burke (first row, second from the left) and she is dressed in a dark jacket, light-colored shirt, light-colored skirt, and dark-colored hat. Behind the group is a wall with a bookshelf and closed door. The photo is dated 1950. Photo previously labeled #498","Black and white candid photograph taken of Story Hour at Robert Robinson Library. Twenty-three children, listen as Robinson Librarian Sara Murphy Carr reads a picture book. Carr is wearing a light-colored outfit and dark-colored shoes. Her hair has been tied back away from her face and she looks down at the open book through her glasses. Many of the children have realized they are being photographed and have turned to face the camera, but a few have their gazes turned elsewhere. The space where the group sits is lined on three sides by filled bookshelves, some topped with more books or other décor. The photo is dated April 1946. Photo previously labeled as #499","Black and white photo of the 10th Anniversary of the Robert H. +Robinson Library. Seated in five rows, a group of men and women, some young and some old, pose for a picture inside the Robert Robinson Library. Not everyone looks directly at the camera, but all are dressed professionally. Some women can be seen wearing hats and dress gloves while the men can be seen in suit and tie. One clergyman sits in the back dressed in his clerical collar. Behind the group, the walls are lined with bookshelves that have been decorated with original art work of varying sizes. The photo is dated 1950. Photo previously labeled as #500","This sub-series contains records documenting the branches and divisions of the Alexandria Library system including the construction of the branches and information regarding their operations. The branches represented here include the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library, the James M. Duncan Branch Library, the Ellen Coolidge Burke Branch Library, the Robert H. Robinson Library, the \"New Branch\" (later known as the Charles E. Beatley, Jr. Central Library), the Special Services Division, and the Lloyd House (later known as Local History and Special Collections).","This folder contains miscellaneous records pertaining to the construction of the building addition to the Kate Waller Barrett branch of Alexandria Library in 1954. Documents include copies of contracts, proof of insurance, and other notes and correspondence related to the proposed addition to the Barrett branch.","This folder contains records pertaining to the construction specifications for the building addition to the Kate Waller Barrett branch of Alexandria Library in 1954. Documents include the Specifications report, prepared by the Alexandria Library Board, detailing the proposed requirements for the construction of the addition to the Barrett branch.","This folder contains financial records pertaining to the construction of the building addition to the Kate Waller Barrett branch of Alexandria Library in 1954. Documents include copies of vendor invoices, reports of money spent, and other related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to the process of selecting bids for which construction agency would carry out the construction of the building addition to the Kate Waller Barrett branch of Alexandria Library in 1954. Documents include copies of proposals, meeting minutes, press material, and other related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to monthly reports regarding the Robert Robinson branch of Alexandria Library, dating from December 1947 to December 1951. Documents include monthly reports on branch statistics, yearly fiscal report, discard lists, and other related notes.","This folder contains records pertaining to monthly reports regarding the Robert Robinson branch of Alexandria Library, dating from January 1952 to December 1955. Documents include monthly reports on branch statistics, and other related notes.","This folder contains records pertaining to monthly reports regarding the Robert Robinson branch of Alexandria Library, dating from January 1956 to May 1959. Documents include monthly reports on branch statistics, and other related notes.","This series is currently being processed and is not yet available for research use. Please contact Local History / Special Collections staff for more details.","This sub-series is currently being processed and is not yet available for research use. Please contact Local History / Special Collections staff for more details.","This sub-series is currently being processed and is not yet available for research use. Please contact Local History / Special Collections staff for more details.","This sub-series is currently being processed and is not yet available for research use. Please contact Local History / Special Collections staff for more details.","This sub-series is currently being processed and is not yet available for research use. Please contact Local History / Special Collections staff for more details.","This sub-series contains web-published resources that were created by, or are directly related to, the Alexandria Library in Alexandria, Virginia. This includes the Library website, Library social media accounts, Library blog, and the websites of Library friends' groups.","Website of the Alexandria Library in Alexandria, Virginia","Facebook account of the Alexandria Library in Alexandria, Virginia","Instagram account of the Alexandria Library in Alexandria, Virginia","Twitter account of the Alexandria Library in Alexandria, Virginia","Youtube account of the Alexandria Library in Alexandria, Virginia","Alexandria Library's blog which focuses on adult programs, events, and services including news and updates about the Library's collection, services, resources, and programs for adults","Online donation portal for the Alexandria Library Foundation, Inc. The Alexandria Library Foundation is a non-profit organization which provides funding for the Alexandria Library System in Alexandria, Virginia","Website of the Friends of the Beatley Central Library in Alexandria, Virginia. The Friends are a volunteer organizations which works to promote the interests and programs of the Library","Website of the Friends of Duncan Library. The Friends are a volunteer organization that supports the operations of the Duncan Branch Library, located in the Del Ray neighborhood of Alexandria, Virginia","Intranet website for Alexandria Library staff","Materials relating to the Alexandria Library Board have been moved from MS098 to the Alexandria Library Board Records (MS416).","Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Alexandria Library (Alexandria, Va.)","Alexandria Library Company","Alexandria Library Association (1897-1937)","Alexandria Library Society (1937-1953)","Burke, Ellen Coolidge","Duncan, James M., Jr. (James Morton), 1897-1967","Barrett, Kate Waller, Dr., 1858-1925","Beatley, Charles E., Jr., 1916-2003","Robinson, Robert Henry, Rev. (1824-1909)","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MS098","/repositories/2/resources/157"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Alexandria Library Records (MS098)"],"collection_title_tesim":["Alexandria Library Records (MS098)"],"collection_ssim":["Alexandria Library Records (MS098)"],"repository_ssm":["Alexandria Library"],"repository_ssim":["Alexandria Library"],"geogname_ssm":["Alexandria (Va.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Alexandria (Va.)"],"creator_ssm":["Alexandria Library (Alexandria, Va.)"],"creator_ssim":["Alexandria Library (Alexandria, Va.)"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Alexandria Library (Alexandria, Va.)"],"creators_ssim":["Alexandria Library (Alexandria, Va.)"],"places_ssim":["Alexandria (Va.)"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Alexandria (Va.). Library","Public libraries."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Alexandria (Va.). Library","Public libraries."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["13.86 Cubic Feet 30 boxes, 1 oversized box"],"extent_tesim":["13.86 Cubic Feet 30 boxes, 1 oversized box"],"date_range_isim":[1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research. Public access to some confidential personnel records is restricted, these materials are noted as such.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains confidential personnel records. Public access and use of these materials is restricted for 75 years from the date of creation of the document.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis site is only accessible to Alexandria Library staff and is not available for public research use.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions","Conditions Governing Access","Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for research. Public access to some confidential personnel records is restricted, these materials are noted as such.","This folder contains confidential personnel records. Public access and use of these materials is restricted for 75 years from the date of creation of the document.","This site is only accessible to Alexandria Library staff and is not available for public research use."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis finding aid describes and documents the updated arrangement of this collection as of 2023. Previously, the collection was organized into the following series: By Laws, Charters, and Agreements; Board; Annual Reports; Administration; Circulation; Construction; History; Publicity; Scrapbooks; Workshops; Queen/Barrett; Robert Robinson; Special Services; and Lloyd House. \"By-Laws, Charters, and Agreements\" and \"Administration\" have been combined into the new Subseries 1.2. Administration and Finance. \"History,\" \"Publicity,\" \"Scrapbooks,\" \"Workshops,\" and \"Photographs\" have been combined into the new Subseries 1.4. History, Programming, and Outreach. \"Construction,\" \"Queen/Barrett,\" \"Robert Robinson,\" \"Special Services,\" and \"Lloyd House,\" have been combined into the new Subseries 1.5. Branch Records.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe \"Board\" series has been separated from MS098 and combined with other records to form a new, separate collection of Alexandria Library Board Records.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe physical and intellectual arrangement of the Alexandria Library Records (MS098) has been updated a few times over the years, while remaining accessible to the public. Thus, the decision was made to maintain, as much as appropriate, the current order of the pre-existing collection as Series 1: Founding and 20th Century Records; and Series 2: 21st Century Records includes the new accretions to the collection as of 2023. Future accretions to this collection will either be added to Series 2 or form a new series.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSeries 1. Founding and 20th Century Records, 1937-2005\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries 1.1. Annual Reports\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries 1.2. Administration and Finance\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries 1.3. Circulation Records\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries 1.4. History, Programming, and Outreach\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries 1.5. Branch Records\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSeries 2. 21st Century Records, 1994-present\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries 2.1. Annual Reports\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries 2.2. Administration and Finance\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries 2.3. Branch Records\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries 2.4. Programming and Outreach\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries 2.5. Web Archives\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Notes on Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This finding aid describes and documents the updated arrangement of this collection as of 2023. Previously, the collection was organized into the following series: By Laws, Charters, and Agreements; Board; Annual Reports; Administration; Circulation; Construction; History; Publicity; Scrapbooks; Workshops; Queen/Barrett; Robert Robinson; Special Services; and Lloyd House. \"By-Laws, Charters, and Agreements\" and \"Administration\" have been combined into the new Subseries 1.2. Administration and Finance. \"History,\" \"Publicity,\" \"Scrapbooks,\" \"Workshops,\" and \"Photographs\" have been combined into the new Subseries 1.4. History, Programming, and Outreach. \"Construction,\" \"Queen/Barrett,\" \"Robert Robinson,\" \"Special Services,\" and \"Lloyd House,\" have been combined into the new Subseries 1.5. Branch Records.","The \"Board\" series has been separated from MS098 and combined with other records to form a new, separate collection of Alexandria Library Board Records.","The physical and intellectual arrangement of the Alexandria Library Records (MS098) has been updated a few times over the years, while remaining accessible to the public. Thus, the decision was made to maintain, as much as appropriate, the current order of the pre-existing collection as Series 1: Founding and 20th Century Records; and Series 2: 21st Century Records includes the new accretions to the collection as of 2023. Future accretions to this collection will either be added to Series 2 or form a new series.","Series 1. Founding and 20th Century Records, 1937-2005\n Subseries 1.1. Annual Reports Subseries 1.2. Administration and Finance Subseries 1.3. Circulation Records Subseries 1.4. History, Programming, and Outreach Subseries 1.5. Branch Records Series 2. 21st Century Records, 1994-present\n Subseries 2.1. Annual Reports Subseries 2.2. Administration and Finance Subseries 2.3. Branch Records Subseries 2.4. Programming and Outreach Subseries 2.5. Web Archives"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFounded as a subscription library in 1794 and serving as the public library of Alexandria, Virginia since 1937 – Alexandria Library has a long legacy of supporting early literacy and lifelong learning in our diverse community. The Alexandria Library builds community through its six branches by providing opportunities to learn, explore, create, and connect.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Alexandria Library Company (ALC) was founded on July 24, 1794 and operated a subscription library for nearly 150 years. In 1937, the ALC entered an agreement with the City of Alexandria and their collections formed the foundation of the city's first free public library. Since then, the Alexandria Library has grown into a system of six branches which serve the community of Alexandria, Virginia. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Kate Waller Barrett Library opened its doors on Queen Street in 1937; this was the first location of the Alexandria Library. It was named after Dr. Kate Waller Barrett – local humanitarian, social crusader, and political reformer. The Society of Friends granted a 99-year lease for use of its old Quaker Burial Ground on Queen Street as the site for the new public library building. This library has undergone several renovations and expansions over the years, in 1954, 1964, and 1993. When the Charles E. Beatley, Jr. Central Library was built, the Barrett Library shifted from being the main library to its current role as a branch library which serves residents of Old Town Alexandria and surrounding neighborhoods.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Robert Robinson Library, named for a grandson of one of George Washington's slaves, opened in 1940 to serve black residents of Alexandria. The establishment of this new branch library was motivated by a civil rights demonstration and lawsuit brought against the Library and the City of Alexandria. The earliest known civil rights sit-in was held at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library in 1939. Alexandria Attorney Samuel W. Tucker and five young African American men demonstrated this act of civil disobedience after being denied library cards. The Sit-In and following legal action resulted in the establishment of a new branch of the library to provide \"separate but equal\" library services to black residents. However, this new library branch never received the same support or funding as the main library and was never able to provide fully equitable services to the local African American community. The Alexandria Library officially integrated for adults in 1959, and for children in 1962. The Robert Robinson Library closed in 1962 and the building is now the site of the Alexandria Black History Museum. \u003ca href=\"https://alexlibraryva.org/1939-sit-in\"\u003eMore details about the 1939 sit-in and integration of Alexandria Library, as well as links to additional resources can be found on our website.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Ellen Coolidge Burke Branch Library opened on Seminary Road in 1968. This branch library was named after Ellen Coolidge Burke (1901-1975), who served as Director of the Alexandria Library from 1948 to 1969. The Burke Branch Library serves residents of the Seminary Hill neighborhood and surrounding areas. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe James M. Duncan, Jr. Branch Library opened on Commonwealth Avenue in 1969. The Duncan Branch Library serves residents of the Del Ray neighborhood and surrounding areas. This branch was named after James M. Duncan (1897-1967), who served as Chief of the Alexandria Fire Department 1924-1947, member of City Council 1949-1967, and member of the Alexandria Library Board 1950-1967. In 2005 the Duncan Branch Library underwent renovations and became the first City of Alexandria government building to have a \"living\" roof – a Green Infrastructure approach to reducing stormwater runoff and pollution in local waterways. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Local History / Special Collections Branch was established in 1976 and first housed at Lloyd House, a historic home on the corner of Queen and North Washington Streets. In 1999, after completion of the most recent round of renovations and expansions, Local History / Special Collections moved into the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library. Local History / Special Collections stewards many valuable resources documenting the history and culture of Alexandria and Virginia from the colonial period to the present.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Charles E. Beatley, Jr. Central Library opened on Duke Street in 2000. This new central library was named after former mayor of Alexandria, Charles E. \"Chuck\" Beatley, Jr. (1916-2003). Upon completion of the new main library site, library adminstration offices were moved from the Barrett Library (formerly the central library) to the Beatley Library.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 2015 the Library took over management of the Alexandria Law Library, located in the basement of the Alexandria Circuit Court on King Street. The Alexandria Law Library provides legal resources for the benefit of the entire Alexandria community, including its citizens, government agencies, local businesses, the judiciary, and members of the bar.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibraryva.org/about-us#timeline\"\u003eFor a more detailed timeline of the history of Alexandria Library, check out our website.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Founded as a subscription library in 1794 and serving as the public library of Alexandria, Virginia since 1937 – Alexandria Library has a long legacy of supporting early literacy and lifelong learning in our diverse community. The Alexandria Library builds community through its six branches by providing opportunities to learn, explore, create, and connect.","The Alexandria Library Company (ALC) was founded on July 24, 1794 and operated a subscription library for nearly 150 years. In 1937, the ALC entered an agreement with the City of Alexandria and their collections formed the foundation of the city's first free public library. Since then, the Alexandria Library has grown into a system of six branches which serve the community of Alexandria, Virginia. ","The Kate Waller Barrett Library opened its doors on Queen Street in 1937; this was the first location of the Alexandria Library. It was named after Dr. Kate Waller Barrett – local humanitarian, social crusader, and political reformer. The Society of Friends granted a 99-year lease for use of its old Quaker Burial Ground on Queen Street as the site for the new public library building. This library has undergone several renovations and expansions over the years, in 1954, 1964, and 1993. When the Charles E. Beatley, Jr. Central Library was built, the Barrett Library shifted from being the main library to its current role as a branch library which serves residents of Old Town Alexandria and surrounding neighborhoods.","The Robert Robinson Library, named for a grandson of one of George Washington's slaves, opened in 1940 to serve black residents of Alexandria. The establishment of this new branch library was motivated by a civil rights demonstration and lawsuit brought against the Library and the City of Alexandria. The earliest known civil rights sit-in was held at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library in 1939. Alexandria Attorney Samuel W. Tucker and five young African American men demonstrated this act of civil disobedience after being denied library cards. The Sit-In and following legal action resulted in the establishment of a new branch of the library to provide \"separate but equal\" library services to black residents. However, this new library branch never received the same support or funding as the main library and was never able to provide fully equitable services to the local African American community. The Alexandria Library officially integrated for adults in 1959, and for children in 1962. The Robert Robinson Library closed in 1962 and the building is now the site of the Alexandria Black History Museum.  More details about the 1939 sit-in and integration of Alexandria Library, as well as links to additional resources can be found on our website.","The Ellen Coolidge Burke Branch Library opened on Seminary Road in 1968. This branch library was named after Ellen Coolidge Burke (1901-1975), who served as Director of the Alexandria Library from 1948 to 1969. The Burke Branch Library serves residents of the Seminary Hill neighborhood and surrounding areas. ","The James M. Duncan, Jr. Branch Library opened on Commonwealth Avenue in 1969. The Duncan Branch Library serves residents of the Del Ray neighborhood and surrounding areas. This branch was named after James M. Duncan (1897-1967), who served as Chief of the Alexandria Fire Department 1924-1947, member of City Council 1949-1967, and member of the Alexandria Library Board 1950-1967. In 2005 the Duncan Branch Library underwent renovations and became the first City of Alexandria government building to have a \"living\" roof – a Green Infrastructure approach to reducing stormwater runoff and pollution in local waterways. ","The Local History / Special Collections Branch was established in 1976 and first housed at Lloyd House, a historic home on the corner of Queen and North Washington Streets. In 1999, after completion of the most recent round of renovations and expansions, Local History / Special Collections moved into the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library. Local History / Special Collections stewards many valuable resources documenting the history and culture of Alexandria and Virginia from the colonial period to the present.","The Charles E. Beatley, Jr. Central Library opened on Duke Street in 2000. This new central library was named after former mayor of Alexandria, Charles E. \"Chuck\" Beatley, Jr. (1916-2003). Upon completion of the new main library site, library adminstration offices were moved from the Barrett Library (formerly the central library) to the Beatley Library.","In 2015 the Library took over management of the Alexandria Law Library, located in the basement of the Alexandria Circuit Court on King Street. The Alexandria Law Library provides legal resources for the benefit of the entire Alexandria community, including its citizens, government agencies, local businesses, the judiciary, and members of the bar.","For a more detailed timeline of the history of Alexandria Library, check out our website."],"otherfindaid_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|8c5ffb42-5524-4dc7-a8b4-a73f7efd331e/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|894c2868-34c0-45cb-bbd7-b6116cb9124d/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|da857c0c-296a-44f7-ab6a-7c2ef7f6321b/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|2775e1f7-a255-42c9-bb05-66ec592b14d8/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|f0eba518-9a04-4088-93a1-f0cd5291c627/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|9ab292a5-45ac-48a7-8149-b59f50daf32d/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|2988ea9f-6da2-4aab-9e64-25c5f5ccba22/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|a960a00f-aef4-4102-a090-28ef0e774a1f/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|5e07d27c-0667-496c-9fc9-a759401ea84b/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|2dd86645-aee7-4dc0-a448-8b1a366ca43d/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|a7289215-eaca-4f70-9db5-d618c4b4268c/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|aaecee73-770b-4dc0-a5fb-ad424505e3af/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|5b2baaaa-f268-433b-bcd8-f7b58ee756fa/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|8f393379-c7c0-4289-aa97-126c07454c2d/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|65ba51a6-9980-437c-a0a8-9b812c7bcc1e/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|3cb9e051-78a0-4171-b705-aa095bc9dc16/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|e3006d3f-5648-4960-bfb3-9cde4dbd0ef8/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|aa233c09-5939-412e-ac97-bde4def034fd/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|b99e3355-3be7-4288-a295-1b89032f8de2/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|42d1f5cf-e5b5-4129-abf6-30490e68519e/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|32b50591-64c3-4030-995c-1b642c546c40/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|59d54aa3-37dd-419e-897c-f610719602b7/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|b5be668b-4c36-4186-8982-c16a1e229d20/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|5508d012-7643-425b-9b49-31611b2325d6/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|d3219ad0-703a-41e9-8972-5bfbaed888fe/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|d2bc9b53-ce4d-4869-b028-4ef1fcb073d8/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|b85331ca-2989-4d5f-a470-b747374c2e26/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|54f81cf7-7e77-4afc-86f0-85ee02d37d9d/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|90873c83-9782-4565-bbf8-4ed37cdb2e30/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|8e9971ee-f82c-4f42-a701-f3c0fd9ed4d2/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|7d24ac36-712a-4d1b-a5c3-39689988ba89/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|3898e720-d3d6-4504-aa3c-6ced13f46f0a/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|c930dfaa-faf1-4aaf-802c-aa69bc9d0255/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|42ee1234-2a7a-4586-b695-537409ca618d/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|b1455d2e-d41b-4e0b-a840-cddafdb00d1f/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|939d736b-20ce-4597-91fd-b898bae33ee8/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|aa0f3389-f894-4fd8-8646-a6279a20e2e8/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|bd555e9e-6bd1-4deb-ae8e-29fac38fa0f3/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|24ecb5a1-ca62-43cd-82dc-58e78eb5b0a6/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|ec845170-dd5f-4d9d-a3eb-2f7f54f28c45/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|fd71f510-2900-4932-b5c8-773d356aa74d/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|46aa3cbc-c3ca-428b-a3eb-9f864ded1fbe/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|a1b1a124-cb67-4004-8a52-cabc0540ba50/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|156e31ad-c793-4d9f-95e2-593309eba75f/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|d5866300-0f94-4c3e-be37-bfafcd4df310/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|e7f934e4-04aa-4a51-9c3a-696a98984e7b/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|cd7d450f-3958-4cfa-a637-a8e9b5f9a32e/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|78bf04d9-2a23-43c7-9f14-b6a1b23cacad/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|73f914f5-6412-43c7-983d-dec481f0f04b/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|1a5f9bab-d6c2-4194-ba71-5b17d55f7a72/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|a9ddda38-eeb7-4fdc-946b-729494c91c2c/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|1a453d9f-7d9f-4a8b-8204-d513852f7af7/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|37d51356-2123-4ac7-bcf3-9428ed029bd3/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|e9d4ae49-f62c-4abe-b5ce-d23640fbc58c/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|37dc006e-c5f4-459a-bffb-17c61fc31ccf/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|684bd62b-8c67-4e5b-a1ba-c1e58e3f39d7/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|ac73a1cb-67b8-4866-9499-bc01d4094795/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|2a3c6321-c868-4e7e-8ac4-50406bc2364f/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|5c81d4b1-2478-4441-a007-6e226a86dc57/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|4f88a2f1-2c40-4dff-8ea4-7d619258ddf2/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|9eea9153-d572-49d3-89e6-5dde9c707fb3/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_8d26fcf8-3240-42a3-980a-5a9b5c36a799/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_5f5caa20-94ee-4a8c-aa92-4846b9d4bb06/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_2ccfcc8f-1750-4827-93e5-a48b087f848e/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_57f3ac3b-1b71-4822-b7ab-d385c0745fd6/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_3f9debd1-c9cd-4829-9c4d-faeff29054eb/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_2a03f7ca-b38c-4d5a-806a-44e43d2cd07f/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_3cd4c4fd-ac94-4ecd-8b1c-ebbf68947ebf/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_377eaa24-a27b-4ab8-b9d7-e646dd0acd04/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_e8c1dbe2-0cd7-4630-8fa7-7c0a3600b2ba/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_ad33be2f-988d-46dc-8af1-7570646ec86c/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_c807fe07-5c93-4f45-b127-f34f69792d14/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_1050a027-9948-4d50-a0b8-9ad8209ddf43/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_9de17d10-3ff9-4b7a-8ada-bcb8516bbf44/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_0ddb12b6-9660-4beb-8c3e-1cddf6dbc5d6/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_92648e88-c666-4240-ba23-b63f38c2f7f5/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_baeb425f-988d-4260-b03d-42f14f27ed35/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_3dd28149-ff59-4338-9377-3b57908d60be/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_306e35f6-f6e4-4dc8-881f-de7789226254/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_d923bbd1-f787-40e4-b734-fe774de9d671/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_16446faa-6fa3-438c-8d22-508fb5086ea4/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_a4d69cb1-8bfa-4dcf-9fe3-8aba298089ee/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_2de9865f-5bba-4df1-823e-09dc3854550b/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_81823870-b373-467a-bcbd-6da2615b67fa/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_757b7a02-74da-4f7d-b452-452b6a1b03d2/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_08c3f44c-3a27-41ef-84b3-8d1119221242/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_08826eda-2d9f-487b-bafe-033492030b15/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_cfb5087b-4b70-4dd6-9ce5-47eab9f8cbb4/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_e11f0483-c0ae-4bb1-8f7b-5ce0309bcd1a/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|1cb336fd-b790-463d-8428-0107d1fb51ed/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_a98401b5-cece-43b1-8b86-13ae83f2d5d2/\"\u003eClick to view digital image\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_7217f04a-471e-4390-947d-d79144bf6bf3/\"\u003eClick to view digital image\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_b4694a54-c2de-4ce3-a020-1a42ec6dea9c/\"\u003eClick to view digital image\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_36e0020f-b6e2-4a1e-b595-22b71499d4a3/\"\u003eClick to view digital image\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_6fc46310-c142-46af-b700-3c65782a67ad/\"\u003eClick to view digital image\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_3bce1e32-92ea-40ce-b685-781487e455bb/\"\u003eClick to view digital image\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_be6795b0-32eb-4cde-b3e0-f0a64366f38a/\"\u003eClick to view digital image\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_62d33928-cff8-4acc-a43b-ee03a0f65e9b/\"\u003eClick to view digital image\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_9c0e9d98-b00d-4205-866c-8bd43f29d524/\"\u003eClick to view digital image\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_63d1c489-23ca-4587-b414-46d48961c2f9/\"\u003eClick to view digital image\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_0216e8ce-4243-4cca-9aa6-9abcc56d58ee/\"\u003eClick to view digital image\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_517ff26e-273c-4573-b8aa-aa627c5b0ebc/\"\u003eClick to view digital image\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_29801f28-6292-4b61-872d-b43c8b6d06c9/\"\u003eClick to view digital image\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_c6c9bafe-52e9-433f-8661-0018a88bc75d/\"\u003eClick to view digital image\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_b66676d3-9a94-46c8-a6ea-15307467d6f8/\"\u003eClick to view digital image\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_9a91b309-7768-4318-96f1-3cfbcbebfd01/\"\u003eClick to view digital image\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_047cc9f1-21a6-4413-9fad-423b2a6b1287/\"\u003eClick to view digital image\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_9def87fa-923f-42aa-91d4-d523b217572c/\"\u003eClick to view digital image\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_b600ef6a-88a3-4b9c-bf74-544ff932504c/\"\u003eClick to view digital image\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_41f7a306-87ba-4f8d-8bcb-0b1e585beab4/\"\u003eClick to view digital image\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_df338f73-4e79-4e24-ab1a-a79f6a7173ab/\"\u003eClick to view digital image\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_e7ad605a-1b53-4cc0-8c0e-19e79b6eae27/\"\u003eClick to view digital image\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_d4b38950-b6fc-4069-a664-af4b1ce0f9d3/\"\u003eClick to view digital image\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_7df4a52c-ca65-42cb-8c2c-09b723adf9b1/\"\u003eClick to view digital image\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_0f521b29-f4d6-4302-8cd8-a1eac6f300e2/\"\u003eClick to view digital image\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_6c25b7fa-1db7-42c9-8948-7d3805eb7108/\"\u003eClick to view digital image\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_24877cf2-aa65-4b49-aaee-e15fe97595e6/\"\u003eClick to view digital image\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|3631fba4-c057-4cf9-bbaa-5dda3f2aba99/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_36a3db3c-3fdc-4d8f-8605-6b19ca02bbcb/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_489cc776-71f8-4e02-9e21-c1c0a4f3d7eb/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_e132f549-c44e-400d-802b-1e0b138dfd87/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_a3fc3610-a308-41bd-b18d-1d646c686c93/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_ecc756a-5465-41dc-aa80-9bbe20a4e035/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_412c87c9-163e-4d24-9357-34df2d5b2e13/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_86226d16-3485-4c02-9899-416b154faf4f/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_d71c63e2-497e-4148-895e-76585974cc7f/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_1e293ccb-6685-4d42-8754-46ad7af35cd5/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_98258815-7f00-4c3f-9d17-c541d81a5b0d/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_cec40410-d1be-4bb0-9bab-39f7f1862657/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_a69eac6f-09a7-4ee9-8824-29f6b50aaa7c/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_d2489d87-1587-457a-9a0f-c6f94c163579/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_0d92ea83-e458-4751-9063-9fb3bd142972/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_f99b2dd5-b7a3-4b07-a02c-f4841a44a8d0/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_8273f353-7452-4a28-87e0-ce616e9f2824/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_c3e2b27f-4697-4fc4-a5ab-bde61ba57cc5/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_bfbbea77-dbaa-4eef-9079-275157ebaf30/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_65863205-3ff9-4761-84af-7761f2975e01/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_1691260a-b4bd-4744-85e2-d1169db31b74/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_cfaf4395-77de-4b9b-b77b-05a456df6544/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|18e5b879-6f2c-4dc3-89e5-443adff9d573/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_82a998a6-8b94-42a9-8a79-1581409e01ca/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_c56c7e77-c8f4-4e70-97bc-7514347c11a8/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_7002486d-6012-4b1e-8b7b-cb949e624ef4/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_0aa7d5cd-e501-4cba-a140-9205abd05e15/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_15a41923-5fd3-454c-99bc-2c496ecd248d/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_4f02dfee-b8f7-4fde-abd1-6f3963571a2c/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_e165e654-085c-4d9b-bf5e-786ed83b6f30/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|bfbbbe62-d9d3-4cf4-8778-a75f1176ded1/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|469929aa-96de-404c-b28a-dad33a3fbf61/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|fd1b19e2-354f-4a0a-b8cb-b7972dfd577d/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|e4d695b7-bcb3-4de9-a6da-69868a468dc0/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|a27070eb-8bbd-40f6-a778-8a6a471dab0d/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|4b87dab3-2ee7-4afd-acd2-c600aa643096/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|95a9052a-3434-468e-a53e-310b85f4798c/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|7df764bf-7bf5-4d68-9f36-283a4bd781fe/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://archive-it.org/collections/20256\"\u003eClick to view web archives\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://wayback.archive-it.org/20256/*/https://alexlibraryva.org/\"\u003eClick to view web archives\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://wayback.archive-it.org/20256/*/https://www.facebook.com/AlexLibraryVA/\"\u003eClick to view web archives\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://wayback.archive-it.org/20256/*/https://instagram.com/alexlibraryva/\"\u003eClick to view web archives\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://wayback.archive-it.org/20256/*/https://twitter.com/alexlibraryva/\"\u003eClick to view web archives\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://wayback.archive-it.org/20256/*/https://www.youtube.com/@AlexandriaLibrary\"\u003eClick to view web archives\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://wayback.archive-it.org/20256/*/https://outofthestacks.com/\"\u003eClick to view web archives\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://wayback.archive-it.org/20256/*/https://www.mightycause.com/organization/Alexandria-Library-Foundation/\"\u003eClick to view web archives\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://wayback.archive-it.org/20256/*/https://beatleyfriends.org/\"\u003eClick to view web archives\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://wayback.archive-it.org/20256/*/https://www.friendsofduncanlibrary.org/\"\u003eClick to view web archives\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"otherfindaid_heading_ssm":["Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital 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Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Other Finding Aids","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials"],"otherfindaid_tesim":["Click to view digital materials in this collection","Click to view digital materials in this collection","Click to view digital materials in this collection","Click to view digital materials in this collection","Click to view digital materials in this collection","Click to view digital materials in this collection","Click to view digital materials in this collection","Click to view digital materials in this collection","Click to view digital materials in this collection","Click to view digital materials in this collection","Click to view digital materials in this collection","Click to view digital materials in this collection","Click to view digital materials in this collection","Click to view digital materials in this collection","Click to view digital materials in this collection","Click to view digital materials in this collection","Click to view digital materials in this collection","Click to view digital materials in this collection","Click to view digital materials in this collection","Click to view digital materials in this collection","Click to view digital materials in this collection","Click to view digital materials in this collection","Click to view digital materials in this collection","Click to view digital materials in this collection","Click to view digital materials in this collection","Click to view digital materials in this collection","Click to view digital materials in this collection","Click to view digital materials in this collection","Click to view digital materials in this collection","Click to view digital materials in this collection","Click to view digital materials in this collection","Click to view digital materials in this collection","Click to view digital materials in this collection","Click to view digital materials in this collection","Click to view digital materials in this collection","Click to view digital materials in this collection","Click to view digital materials in this collection","Click to view digital materials in this collection","Click to view digital materials in this collection","Click to view digital materials in this collection","Click to view digital materials in this collection","Click to view digital materials in this collection","Click to view digital materials in this collection","Click to view digital materials in this collection","Click to view digital materials in this collection","Click to view digital materials in this collection","Click to view digital materials in this collection","Click to view digital materials in this collection","Click to view digital materials in this collection","Click to view digital materials in this collection","Click to view digital materials in this collection","Click to view digital materials in this collection","Click to view digital materials in this collection","Click to view digital materials in this collection","Click to view digital materials in this collection","Click to view digital materials in this collection","Click to view digital materials in this collection","Click to view digital materials in this collection","Click to view digital materials in this collection","Click to view digital materials in this collection","Click to view digital materials in this collection","Click to view digital image.","Click to view digital image.","Click to view digital image.","Click to view digital image.","Click to view digital image.","Click to view digital image.","Click to view digital image.","Click to view digital image.","Click to view digital image.","Click to view digital image.","Click to view digital image.","Click to view digital image.","Click to view digital image.","Click to view digital image.","Click to view digital image.","Click to view digital image.","Click to view digital image.","Click to view digital image.","Click to view digital image.","Click to view digital image.","Click to view digital image.","Click to view digital image.","Click to view digital image.","Click to view digital image.","Click to view digital image.","Click to view digital image.","Click to view digital image.","Click to view digital image.","Click to view digital materials in this collection","Click to view digital image","Click to view digital image","Click to view digital image","Click to view digital image","Click to view digital image","Click to view digital image","Click to view digital image","Click to view digital image","Click to view digital image","Click to view digital image","Click to 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view web archives","Click to view web archives","Click to view web archives","Click to view web archives","Click to view web archives","Click to view web archives","Click to view web archives"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Item description], Alexandria Library Records, MS098, Alexandria Library, Local History and Special Collections, Alexandria, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Item description], Alexandria Library Records, MS098, Alexandria Library, Local History and Special Collections, Alexandria, Virginia."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAlexandria Library Board Records\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibraryva.libraryhost.com/repositories/2/resources/128\"\u003eAlexandria Library Company Records (MS002)\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Alexandria Library Board Records\n Alexandria Library Company Records (MS002)"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains the records of the Alexandria Library, documenting the administration and operation of the Library, dating from the founding of the public library in 1937 through the present. Included are administrative records, annual reports, financial records, circulation records, materials documenting the history of the Library, programming and outreach records, and records of the individual branches of the library system. Formats include textual documents, photographs, and ephemera.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Alexandria Library is an active organization, and so this collection is a living collection which will be periodically added to and updated. Check this collection guide for any future updates to the collection. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series contains materials documenting the Alexandria Library, from its founding as a public library in 1937 through the early 2000s. The majority of documents in this series pertain to the decades between 1950 and 2000. These records document the administration and operations of the Library and its individual branches, as well as materials documenting the history of the Alexandria Library. Documents include annual reports, financial records, correspondence, project files, and other administrative documentation. Also included in this series are ephemera and realia, photographs and other graphic materials, and some oversized materials.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis sub-series contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, as well as its individual branches. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1938 through 1942. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1943 through 1946. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1947 through 1948. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1949 through 1950. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1951 through 1953. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1954 through 1956. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1957 through 1959. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1960 through 1961. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1964. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis sub-series contains administrative and financial records of the Alexandria Library. Documents include correspondence, budgets and other financial records, affirmative action records, bylaws and agreements, official city proclamations, gift records, and other administrative materials.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to administrative and financial dealings of the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1937 through the 1950s. Documents include final copies of bylaws, charters, and agreements as well as draft documents, reference materials, and related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to administrative and financial dealings of the Alexandria Library system, dating from the 1950s through the 1992. Documents include final copies of bylaws, charters, and agreements as well as draft documents, reference materials, and related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to the Affirmative Action plan put in place for the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1975.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to the Affirmative Action policy used to create an Affirmative Action plan for the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1976.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to the Affirmative Action plans for the City of Alexandria, dating from 1976 and 1980. Documents include final Affirmative Action plans from both 1976 and 1980.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to the Affirmative Action plans for the Alexandria Public Library, dating from 1978 through 1982. Documents include reference material used to create the Affirmative Action plans including OSHA Recordkeeping guidelines and guidelines from the Department of Equal Employment Opportunity for the City of Alexandria. Other documents include Alexandria Public Library's Affirmative Action goals, and related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to the Affirmative Action reports for the Alexandria Public Library system, dating from 1974 through 1976. Documents include final Affirmative Action and Equal Employment Opportunity reports, and related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to the Affirmative Action reports for the Alexandria Public Library system, dating from 1977 through 1980. Documents include final Affirmative Action and Equal Employment Opportunity reports, sample forms, reference materials, and related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to the Affirmative Action reports for the Alexandria Public Library system, dating from 1981 through 1987. Documents include final Affirmative Action and Equal Employment Opportunity reports, sample forms, membership reports, reference materials, and related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to the Budget for the Alexandria Public Library system, dated from 1938 through 1944. Documents include draft material, proposed yearly budgets, final budget reports, press related to the budget, and related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to the Budget for the Alexandria Public Library system, dated from 1945 through 1948. Documents include draft material, proposed yearly budgets, final budget reports, press related to the budget, and related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to the Budget for the Alexandria Public Library system, dated from 1949 through 1951. Documents include proposed yearly budgets, final budget reports, and related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to the Budget for the Alexandria Public Library system, dated from 1951 through 1953. Documents include draft material, proposed yearly budgets, final budget reports, and related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to the Budget for the Alexandria Public Library system, dated from 1953 through 1955. Documents include draft material, proposed yearly budgets, final budget reports, and related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to the Budget for the Alexandria Public Library system, dated from 1955 through 1959. Documents include draft material, proposed yearly budgets, final budget reports, and related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to the Budget for the Alexandria Public Library system, dated from 1955 through 1959. Documents include , proposed yearly budgets, final budget reports, reference materials, and related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to the budget for the City of Alexandria's City Planning and Capital Improvement programs in regard to the Alexandria Public Library system, dated from 1950 through 1961. Documents include final budget reports, proposed budgets, proposed building projects, draft material, reference material, and related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to Rules, Regulations, and Review articles for the Alexandria Public Library system, dated from 1937 through 1955. Documents include inquiries regarding librarian salaries of other Virginia public libraries, proposed rules and regulations for Alexandria Public Library, final rules and regulations for Alexandria Public Library, meeting minutes, library directories, press regarding the library, and related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains a 2014 copy of the introduced House Joint Resolution No. 418 which details the historical significance of the 1939 Alexandria Library Sit-in to the House of Delegates, Mayor of Alexandria, and General Assembly and proposes that this information be conveyed at an upcoming ceremony.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to correspondence to and from Alexandria Library, dated from 1937 through 1951. Documents included correspondence, press regarding Alexandria Public Library, proposals for the planning and construction of the Robert Robinson Library, and other related notes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to correspondence to and from Alexandria Library, dated from 1952 through 1961. Documents include written correspondence, meeting and presentation notes, book acquisitions and acquisition proposals, and other related notes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to the professional and nonprofessional duties within public libraries set forth by the American Library Association, dated from 1948. Documents include the preliminary draft of the Descriptive List of Professional and Nonprofessional Duties in Libraries handbook.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to position descriptions and pay plans for Virginia public libraries, dated from 1950. Documents include a guidebook detailing all positions available with Virginia public libraries, their position descriptions, and recommended qualifications.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to \"Position Classification and Salary Administration in Libraries\", dated from 1951. Documents include a handbook titled \"Position Classification and Salary Administration in Libraries\", written by the American Library Association, detailing guides and standards for library administrative staff to utilize when creating administrative plans.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to information and guidelines for new City of Alexandria employees, dated from 1950 to 1986. Documents include guidebooks detailing fundamental information regarding being employed by the City of Alexandria, code of ethics, and guidelines for managers to effectively communicate employee evaluations.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis sub-series contains records documenting circulation statistics of the Library.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to circulation statistics for the Alexandria Library system, dated from 1937 through 1940. Documents include overall number of books circulated during a given year and ledgers detailing the number and genre of Adult books circulated each day of the year that the library was open to the public.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to circulation statistics for the Alexandria Library system, dated from 1937 through 1940. Documents include ledgers detailing the number and genre of Children's books circulated each day of the year that the library was open to the public.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to circulation statistics for the Alexandria Library system, dated from 1941 through 1942. Documents include ledgers detailing the number and genre of Adult and Children's books circulated each day of the year that the library was open to the public.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to circulation statistics for the Alexandria Library system, dated from 1943 through 1944. Documents include ledgers detailing the number and genre of Adult and Children's books circulated each day of the year that the library was open to the public.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to circulation statistics for the Alexandria Library system, dated from 1944 through 1949. Documents include ledgers detailing the number and genre of Adult and Children's books circulated each day of the year that the library was open to the public.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to circulation statistics for the Alexandria Library system, dated from 1949 through 1953. Documents include ledgers detailing the number and genre of Adult and Children's books circulated each day of the year that the library was open to the public.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to circulation statistics for the Alexandria Library system, dated from 1949. Documents include ledgers detailing the number and genre of Adult and Children's books circulated each day of the year that the library was open to the public.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to circulation statistics for the Alexandria Library system, dated from 1944 through 1946. Documents include ledgers detailing the number and genre of Adult and Children's books circulated each day of the year that the library was open to the public.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis sub-series contains materials of mixed formats documenting the history of the Library and its programming and outreach work. Documents include scrapbooks, posters, news clippings, correspondence, administrative documents, event programs, and photographs.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains materials pertaining to Alexandria Library history, dating from 1957-1961. Documents include newspaper clippings from various local newspapers, event photos, correspondence, and other related notes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to the history of Alexandria Library, dated from c. 1960. Documents include notes, correspondence, and copies of newspaper articles relating to the library.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to the history of Alexandria Library. Documents include copies of events schedules, event programs, summaries of the library's history, copies of newspaper articles relating to the library, and other related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to the history of Alexandria Library, dated from 1937 through 1947. Documents include newspaper clippings that detail library history, press, and publicity.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to the history of Alexandria Library, dated from 1955 through 1973. Documents include newspaper clippings that detail library history, press, and publicity.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to the history of Alexandria Library, dated from 1936 through 1954. Documents include summaries of the library's history, copies of newspaper articles relating to the library, and other related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to the history of Alexandria Library, dated from 1945 through 1985. Documents include copies of newspaper articles relating to the library, and other related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to publicity correspondence for Alexandria Library, dated from c. 1954-1986. Documents include correspondence relating to proposed exhibits, cosmetic changes to library branches, research inquiries, proof of membership, thank-you messages, plans for library news releases, and other related notes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to press releases for Alexandria Library, dated from 1947-1986. Documents include drafts of news releases, draft 5-year plan documents, descriptions of upcoming library programs, mock-ups for news articles relating to the library, and other related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to events related to Alexandria Library, dated from 1954 through 1992. Documents include programs from library events and other notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains biographical research materials about James M. Duncan, Jr. (the namesake of the Duncan Branch) which were collected by branch managers of Duncan Branch. Materials include notes, newsclippings, and photocopies of newsclippings.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains photographs of the 1995 ribbon cutting ceremony celebrating the re-opening of the Kate Waller Barrett Branch after renovations.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Eight people, presumed to be library officials, stand on the main floor of the Barrett Branch in front of a seated audience, in the midst of a ribbon cutting ceremony. The smiling officials cutting the red ribbon, who include six men and two women, are dressed professionally and each holds their own pair of scissors. Behind them are shelves of library books and a set of stairs that lead up to the second floor of the library. The seated audience of men and women watches as the ceremony proceeds. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #402\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Eight people, presumed to be library officials, stand on the main floor of the Barrett Branch in front of a seated audience, in the midst of a ribbon cutting ceremony. The officials, who include six men and two women, have not yet cut the red ribbon and are dressed professionally. Each of the eight officials holds their own pair of scissors. Behind them are shelves of library books and a set of stairs that up to the second floor of the library. The seated audience of men and women watches as the ceremony proceeds. The photograph is dated September 10th, 1995. Photo previously labeled #403\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. This candid photo of men and women milling around the first floor of the Barrett Branch was taken, presumably, after the conclusion of the ceremony. Some of the people pictured are in conversation with one another, while others are taking in their surroundings. In the foreground is a podium framed on either side by yellow flowers and an American flag. In the background are library books shelves and a set of stairs that lead up to the second floor of the library. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #404\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. This candid photo was taken amidst a crowd of people attending the ceremony on the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library. The men and women of various ages stand milling around the space. Some are in conversation with one another while others look in many directions, taking in their surroundings. Visible in the background is the entrance to the library that consists of floor to ceiling windows allowing natural daylight to stream in. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #405\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. The photo is of several people standing around on the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library. The three men and one woman in the foreground are in conversation with each other but only the two men on the right have realized the group is being photographed. The two men on the right are looking at the camera and smiling, while the women is still speaking and the third man is looking to his right with his back to the photographer. In the background are other people, some in conversation and some not, as well as empty chairs set up against filled bookshelves. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #406\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. A large audience of men and women have filled the main floor of the Barrett Branch, presumably watching as the ceremony unfolds. Some of the people are sitting in the middle of the space while the rest of the crowd have filled the available standing room, even standing in the sunlight filled entrance vestibule, at the back of the room, to catch a glimpse through the floor to ceiling windows. Regardless of placement, almost all the audience members have their attentions set on the events happening behind the camera, just out of frame. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #407\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Two women stand posing for a picture, on the main floor of the Barrett Branch, presumably after the conclusion of the ceremony. With their arms around each other, the woman on the left looks directly at the camera while the women on the right smiles at something out of frame on the left. In the background are more people, men and women, milling around the large indoor space. Some are in conversation with one another and others are simply moving about the space. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #409\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. The photo is of two smiling men and a young child posing for a picture together. On the left, the young child stands holding the hand of the man in the middle who has brown hair and mustache, is wearing glasses and is dressed in a dark-colored suit with a white shirt and red patterned tie. The man on the right, who stands with his hand on the shoulder of the man in the middle, has white hair and is wearing glasses and a dark-colored suit with a white shirt and blue tie. All three stand under a half visible, gold-framed, painted portrait of Kate Waller Barrett that is hanging on the wall behind them. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #410\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Three men and two children stand posing for a picture together. The three men are all wearing dark-colored suits with light-colored shirts and ties. The two children, one boy and one girl, stand in front of the men in the middle and on the right. The boy wears a light-colored button-down shirt and striped dress pants while the girl wears a striped, long-sleeve dress with black tights and black shoes with pink shoelaces. All five smile at the camera as they pose under a gold-framed, painted portrait of Kate Waller Barrett. The woman in the portrait has her white hair tied back in a bun and sits, posed in profile, and is wearing dark-colored clothes, with floral accents. A gold cross pendant hangs from her neck and a brooch is pinned to her chest. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #411\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. A woman stands posing for a picture with the portrait of Kate Waller Barrett hanging near the entrance of the Barrett Branch Library. The woman, dressed in a red blazer and skirt, smiles as she looks to left at something just out of frame. She stands below the gold-framed, painted portrait of Kate Waller Barrett. In the portrait, Kate Waller Barrett has her white hair tied back into a bun and sits, posed in profile, wearing dark-colored clothes, with floral accents. A gold cross pendant hangs from her neck and a brooch is pinned to her chest. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #412\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Three men and two children stand posing for a picture together under the portrait of Kate Waller Barrett that hangs near the entrance of the Barrett Branch Library. The man on the left has white hair and is wearing glasses, a dark-colored suit, a light-colored shirt and blue tie. He has his hand on the shoulder of the little girl to the right of him who wears a striped long-sleeve dress with black tights and black shoes with pink laces. The little girl holds the hand of the man in the middle who wears a dark-colored suit with a light-colored shirt and dark patterned tie. Next to him, on the right, stands the little boy who wears a light-colored button-down shirt and striped dress pants. The little boy holds the hand of the last man on the right who has brown hair and mustache, glasses, and wears a dark-colored suit with a light-colored shirt and red patterned tie. All five stand beneath the gold-framed, painted portrait of Kate Waller Barrett who has her white hair tied back into a bun. She sits, posed in profile, and is wearing dark-colored clothes, with floral accents, with a gold cross pendant hanging from her neck and a brooch pinned to her chest. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #413\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. The candid photograph is of four men standing in front of the portrait of Kate Waller Barrett that hangs near the entrance to the library. The two men on the left are greeting each other and the two men on the right are standing separately both looking in opposite directions towards things just out of frame. All the men are dressed in suits and ties and three out of four are wearing glasses. The leftmost man is holding multiple pairs of scissors and the second man from the right is holding an event program. Behind them, hanging on the wall is the gold-framed, painted portrait of Kate Waller Barrett who has white hair tied back into a bun and sits, posed in profile, wearing dark-colored clothes, with floral accents, with a gold cross pendant hanging from her neck and a brooch pinned to her chest. Also in the background, off to the left, is a child, seemingly in motion, appearing blurry in the photograph. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #414\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. The candid photograph is of a group of men and women standing around a table of computers on the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library. On the round table there are four white computers, each with their own keyboard and mouse. Two of the computers are in use, one by a man in dark dress pants and white shirt and the other by two people, a woman and young man, working together. In the background are other people milling about as well as library bookshelves and a set of stairs leading to the second floor of the library. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #415\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. The candid photograph is of two groups of men and women, some sitting and some standing, inside of the library presumably before the ceremony begins. To left is a group of seated people, partially blocked from view by a desk, and to the right is a group of men standing together in conversation. Between the two groups sits a small stage with an American flag, bordered at the front by small pots of yellow flowers. In the background are rows of both tall and short bookshelves in front of a glass-front room. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #416\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of two women and one man standing in conversation with one another. The two women are both in light-colored dresses and the woman on the right faces away from the camera and carries a purse. The man wears glasses and is dressed in a light-colored suit with a white dress shirt and patterned tie. The woman on the left looks across to the woman on the right as she and the man in the middle are looking at each other. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #417\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of men and women milling about inside the Barrett Branch. The people in the foreground seem to be in conversation with each other while others are having separate conversations in the background. The photo is being taken from behind a bookshelf decorated with a potted plant whose leaves have just started to come in to frame on the right side of the photo. Behind the people are more bookshelves, decorated with flowers, and a glass-front room. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #418\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photo of four men, one woman, and two children. Every person pictured is looking in a different direction, some seeming to be moving towards different parts of the room and appearing blurry in the photo. All of the men are dressed in suits, the woman wears a pink buttoned jacket, the little boy wears a light-color button-down, and the little girl wears a striped long-sleeve dress. Behind them on the wall hangs a gold-framed, painted portrait of Kate Waller Barrett who has white hair tied back into a bun and sits, posed in profile, wearing dark-colored clothes, with floral accents. A gold cross pendant is hanging from her neck and a brooch is pinned to her chest. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #419\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. The photo is of the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library. In the library stands many men, women, and children milling about the space. Some are in conversation with one another, while others take in their surroundings or speak to people sitting behind the circulation desk to the left of the photo. To the right of the photo is the beginning of a staircase that leads to the second floor of the library. Visible from the balcony, the second floor is filled with bookshelves. In the background, on the lower level, stands a small stage and podium framed by small pots of yellow flowers and an American flag as well as a glass-front room whose windows are letting in bright daylight. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #420\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. The photo is of the main floor of the Barrett Branch and there are men and women milling around in the space, some in conversation with one another and others taking in their surroundings. On the right side of the picture, some of the people stand in front of the circulation desk, decorated with pots of yellow and orange flowers. On the left side of the picture are some glass display cases displaying open books. In the background are the floor to ceiling windows of the entrance vestibule that are providing bright, natural light to the room. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #421\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Pictured is a large audience of men and women on the main floor of the Barrett Branch. Some of the people are sitting in the middle of the room while the rest of the crowd have begun filling in the available standing room, even standing in the sunlight filled entrance vestibule, at the back of the crowd, to catch a glimpse through the floor to ceiling windows. Regardless of placement, almost all the audience members have their attentions set on the events happening behind the camera, just out of frame. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #422\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a group of men and women, of differing ages, standing around a table of computers. At the round table, there are two people with their backs to the camera sharing the same computer, to their right is one woman at the next computer, and the next computer has a group of four sharing the same computer. In the foreground is a shelf that has been decorated with a pot of flowers, that have taken up the left side of the picture. In the background, behind the group of people at the computers is glass-front room and a few people within. Inside the room are bookshelves on the left wall and tables and chairs filling the middle. The windows on the back wall have had their blinds drawn to shade the interior from the bright daylight shining through. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #423\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of some people, both men and women, looking at the available materials on the bookshelves around them on the second floor of the Barrett Branch Library. Some of the men and women are browsing the shelves while others have begun reading their chosen materials. In the foreground are shorter bookshelves, with one man crouching to get a better look at the offerings on the bottom shelf. In the background are taller bookshelves, that almost reach from floor to ceiling. Behind the taller bookshelves are some tables and chairs that have been backlit by the daylight coming through the windows on the back wall. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #424\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a seated audience facing a group of people who seem like library officials seated at the front of the room. The seated audience is facing away from the camera and the group of men and women at the front of the room are applauding in welcome to the man who is standing at the front of the room. He has brown hair and mustache, is wearing glasses and a grey suit with dark tie. Off to the right of the photo is a staircase that leads to the second floor whose balcony sits above the group of clapping men and women. Behind them stands bookshelves, completely filled, that almost reach from floor to ceiling. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #425\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a woman speaking to an audience from an elevated podium. The woman, dressed in a red blazer and white shirt, is looking through her glasses out over the audience. Behind her is both short and tall bookshelves, as well as a wall of glass, and to the left stands an American flag. The woman at the podium stands below the second-floor balcony of the Barrett Branch where three musicians sit with music stands in front of them and bookshelves at their back. In the foreground, somewhat blocking the view of the seated audience, is the circulation desk topped with stacks of paper. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #426\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a seated audience, extending out of frame, who have their attention on a man speaking from an elevated podium. The man at podium, dressed in a dark-colored suit with a white shirt and red tie, is looking down at the podium through his glasses. Behind the podium are rows of book shelves, both short and tall with some decorated with flowers, as well as a glass-front room. The man at the podium stands beneath the second-floor balcony of the Barrett Branch Library. Visible through the balcony's railing are filled bookshelves. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #427\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a man speaking from behind a podium. The man is standing, dressed in a dark-colored suit with a white shirt and dark patterned tie, looking down at the podium through his dark tinted glasses. Behind him are rows of book shelves, both short and tall with some decorated with flowers, as well as a glass-front room. The podium stands below the second-floor balcony of the Barrett Branch Library where three chairs and two music stands are set up. The right most chair is occupied by a person in white shirt and dark pants. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #428\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a woman speaking from an elevated podium. The woman, dressed in a blue dress and matching blue jacket, looks out to an audience just out of frame and she is observed by a small panel of professionally dressed men and women, presumed to be other library officials, on the right side of the picture. The picture is being taken from behind the circulation desk, complete with computer, receipt printer, and landline phone. A pot of yellow, orange and red flowers sits atop the desk, partially blocking an American flag from view. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #429\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a woman speaking from an elevated podium in front of an audience of people that extends out of frame. The woman, dressed in a pink blazer over a dark patterned dress with a string of pearls around her neck, is looking down at the podium while the audience listens. Behind her are rows of book shelves, both short and tall with some decorated with flowers, as well as a glass-front room. The speaker and podium stand beneath an the second-floor balcony of the Barrett Branch Library, where three chairs, music stands, and musicians are seated and viewable through the balcony's railing. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #430\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains photographs of the 1995 ribbon cutting ceremony celebrating the re-opening of the Kate Waller Barrett Branch after renovations.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a man speaking to an audience, extending out of frame, from an elevated podium. The man, dressed in a dark-colored suit with white shirt and dark patterned tie, is looking down at the podium while holding up a closed book in his right hand and paper in his left hand. Behind him are rows of short and tall bookshelves, some decorated with flowers, in front of a glass-front room. Above the podium sits the second-floor balcony of the Barrett Branch Library. Through the railing, three chairs, music stands, and musicians can be seen in front of filled bookshelves. In the foreground, on the left side of the picture, is the circulation desk topped with stacks of papers. The photo is dated from 1995. Photo previously labeled #431\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a woman speaking from an elevated podium to audience, which extends out of frame. The woman is dressed in a matching blue jacket and dress, and looks out over the audience at something not visible as the audience turns to follow her gaze. To her left and right are men in dark-colored suits and ties that also follow her line-of-sight. Behind her are bookshelves, both tall and short, and a glass-front room. Above the podium is the second-floor balcony and through the railing, three chairs, music stands, and musicians can be seen in front of filled bookshelves. In the foreground, blocking some of the audience from view, is the circulation desk with a computer and piles of paper. The photo is dated from 1995. Photo previously labeled #432\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. This slightly out of focus, color candid photograph is of a woman speaking from an elevated podium to an audience that is seated just out of frame. The woman, dressed in a pink jacket over a dark, patterned dress, is bordered by a group of seated men and women, presumed to be other library officials, on the right and an American flag on the left. Above the woman at the podium is the second-floor balcony and behind her are tall bookshelves and a glass front room. The photo is being taken from behind the circulation desk which has a computer and a pot of yellow, red and orange flowers. The photo is dated from 1995. Photo previously labeled #433\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a group of men and women in conversation with each other amidst the ribbon cutting ceremony. The group consists of four men and two women, presumed to be library officials, who trade smiles and handshakes in front of a clapping audience. Some of the members of the group are still holding scissors and the pieces of red ribbon that were cut as part of the ceremony. Behind them are bookshelves that extend backward into the space. The photo is dated from 1995. Photo previously labeled #434\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a group of men and women amidst the ribbon cutting ceremony. The group consists of three men and two women, some still holding scissors and pieces of the red ribbon cut during the ceremony. The smiling woman in the middle has offered a handshake to the man to the left of her as the audience applauds them. Behind the ribbon cutters are tall and short bookshelves that extend backwards into the space. The photo is dated from 1995. Photo previously labeled #435\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photo of a group of three men and one woman, presumed to be library officials, are trading smiles and the woman offers a handshake to the man on the far left. The woman has grey hair and wears a matching blue jacket and dress. The men are dressed professionally in suits and ties. They stand in front of a small stage and podium, lined with small pots of yellow flowers and decorated by an American flag. Behind them are bookshelves, both tall and short, that extend backwards toward a glass-front room. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #436\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. This candid photograph depicts several people standing behind the main circulation desk on the first floor of the Barrett Branch. In the foreground of the photo is a woman wearing a magenta dress and holding two books. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #408\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor portrait of an outdoor sign from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library after renovations were completed in 1995. On a bright, sunny day at the corner of a red-brick building sits a white sign that reads \"The 200 Block of North Columbus St. Welcomes the New Library\" and just below that it reads \"Thank You\". Propped up on a wooden easel, the sign is decorated by a single gold, metallic balloon that is moving with the wind. Behind the sign to the right are row houses and a parked car. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #441\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, a group of presumed library officials sit next to a stage and listen to the woman speaking from the podium. The woman has white hair and is dressed in a matching blue jacket and dress turns her head to welcome another woman who making her way to an empty chair among the group of officials. The woman being welcomed has tied back, brown hair and glasses and is wearing a colorful dress and black, t-strap shoes. Some of the men and women in the group of officials clap while others offer warm smiles to the approaching woman. Behind them is a small circulation desk and filled bookshelves. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #442\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor portrait photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, a group of presumed library staff stand behind the circulation desk and smile at the camera. Four women are directly behind the desk and five more seem to be coming out of the room just behind the desk. Some of the other women have realized their picture is being taken and look at the camera, while others have not and continue their conversations with one another. One man stands in front of the desk and has turned to face the camera while a final woman seems to being walking past him. Folding chairs are set up and extend out of frame and because each still has a paper program on it, it is likely the event has not yet started. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #443\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, two group of presumed library officials both sit and stand next to a small stage. Though not all the chairs are filled, the seated group includes three women and four men, all dressed professionally, who seem to be waiting for the event to start. The standing group, consisting of three men and two women, are all in conversation with one another. The woman in the middle with white hair, blue dress and light-colored purse is speaking and the remainder of the standing group leans in to listen. Behind them is the stage, decorated with an American flag, and both tall and short bookshelves that extend out of frame. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #444\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera aims at the circulation desk and the people that stand around it. Presumed to be library staff, four women stand together and all but one is smiling up at the camera. Other people, presumed to be library staff and officials, stand around the desk. Some are in conversation and others are looking in different directions around the room. In front of the circulation desk, extending out of frame, are rows of folding chairs each with a paper program on the seats. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #445\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Set up on the second-floor balcony of the Barrett Branch, are three female musicians in the midst of performing. All three are wearing white dress shirts and black bottoms and each sit in her own wooden chair across from sheet music on a music stand and plays from a flute. Behind them are a man and a woman in conversation leaning over the balcony railing to get a better view of what is going on the floor below. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #446\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, pictured is a man in a dark suit and tie speaking from a podium on a small elevated stage, which he shares with an American flag. Bordering the front of the stage are small pots of yellow flowers. To the left and right of the stage sit two groups of men and women, presumably library officials who have their attention on the man speaking. Behind them are rows of both tall and short bookshelves that extend back into the room and out of frame. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #447\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Men and women of varying ages stand milling around the main floor of the Barrett Branch library seeming after the conclusion of the ceremony. In the foreground, one man sits at a table with his hands on a computer keyboard and converses with the two women who are speaking to him. The woman on the left has short brown hair and wears a blue jacket and the woman on the right has short greying hair and wears a white shirt, denim bottoms, and carries a small purse. In the background is a larger group pf men and women, gathered around a table of computers. Behind are bookshelves that extend to the other side of the room where more people sit at tables in conversation. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #448\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Outside the front entrance of the Barrett Branch Library, in the shade of a tree, is a group of men and women who seem to be waiting for the library to open and for the ceremony to begin. On the front doors, illuminated by the sun, two signs read \"Re-opening\" and \"Sept. 10, 2PM\". Some of the group are sitting on the red brick retaining wall outside of the library while other stand in conversation closer to the entrance. The building is red brick, with white columns and white doors. A large, half-moon shaped windows sits atop the doors allowing natural light to fill the entrance vestibule within. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #449\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. The photo is aimed at the circulation desk where some people have begun to converse with the library staff behind the desk. In front of the desk, the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library has been filled with folding chairs where a few people have begun to sit. There are folded programs on each of the folding chairs, suggesting that the ceremony has not yet begun. On the right side of the picture are bookshelves that fill the space at the back of the main floor as well as the second floor, which is visible through the balcony railing. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #450\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the picture is focused on the group of men and women standing against the wall behind the circulation desk. There are nine women and two men visible, dressed professionally, and most of them seem to have their attention on something happening just out of frame on the right. In front of the desk on the left is the beginnings of a seated audience and starting from the circulation desk extending out of frame across the front of the audience stretches the red ribbon that has yet to be cut. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #451\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. A group of two men, one woman, and one young man are standing in conversation with each other next to a round table that currently holds computers, of which only the keyboards and mice are visible. The young man has dark hair and wears a blue collared shirt and the woman he is next to has short brown hair and wears a blue patterned dress and carries a white purse. The two men are both dressed in dark suits with light dress shirts. The man with glasses wears a dark tie. Behind them are some table and chairs separating the group from the tall book shelves that extend out passed both sides of frame. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #452\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, two men are pictured in conversation with each other while standing behind a podium on a small elevated stage. The men both wear suits with light-colored shirts, and the viewer is clearly able to see that the man on the left is wearing glasses and a tie. The man on the right has his back to the camera because his attention is on the other man who seems to be explaining something while pointing to something just out of sight on the left. In front of the stage are small pots of yellow flowers and beside the stage are rows of wooden chairs that have yet to be filled. Each chair has a folded program that seems to suggest the ceremony has yet to begin. Behind the men and the stage are bookshelves, both tall and short, that are filled with material. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #453\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Pointed toward the interior entrance of the Barrett Branch, taken from the opposite end of the main floor, men and women are milling about the space presumably after the conclusion of the ribbon cutting. In the foreground are men and women using the available computers and in front of them is a large gathering of people milling around the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library. Some seem to be in conversation with one another, while other seem to simply be moving around the space. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #454\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at where the ceremony will be held. A large seated audience of men and women is forming behind a red ribbon that has been stretched from the circulation desk to the staircase's railing on the opposite side of the room. The men and women standing behind the circulation desk are, presumably, library staff and the few men and women that stand on the other side of the red ribbon from the audience are the library officials that will be speaking during the ceremony. The library officials seem to be looking at someone just out of frame and two of them are waving to try and get their attention. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #455\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at the main floor of the Barrett Branch where folding chairs have been set up in the middle of the room for an audience that has begun filing in. Men and women of varying ages and dress are coming in through the bright, naturally lit entrance vestibule, stopping at the circulation desk, before finding an empty seat. The men and women behind the circulation desk are, presumably, library staff who are either in conversation with one another or watching the people who are filing into the library. Just in front of the audience, stretching from the circulation desk to the railing of the staircase at the opposite of the room, is a red ribbon that is being handled by a woman in a dark top and patterned skirt. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #456\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points at a small group of men and women who are seated in wooden chairs to the left of a small stage with a podium. Seated in two rows, the group consists of four women and three men, and are presumed to be library officials. They are all in professional dress, either in suits and ties or dresses and blazers, and the front row seems to be conversation with each other. Just behind them, extending backward into the space, are filled bookshelves. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #457\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a man speaking from a podium on a small elevated stage. The man, wearing glasses and dressed in a grey-colored suit with a white shirt and dark-colored tie, holds a book in one hand and paper in the other as he looks out at the audience in front of him. The men and women seated next to the stage, who are presumed to be library officials, have their attention on the speaker. The stage is bordered in the front by small pots of yellow flowers and framed in the back by bookshelves that extend backward into the space. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #458\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a small elevated stage and podium and the men and women that surround it. The men and women, presumed to be library officials, stand with their hands over their hearts as they face the American flag that sits on the stage. All professionally dressed, only one man and one woman stand on the stage while the others stand to either side as they seem to recite the Pledge of Allegiance. Behind the stage are rows of bookshelves that extend backwards and out of frame. Above the stage is the second-floor balcony of the Barrett Branch. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #459\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a small elevated stage and podium and the men and women that surround it. On the stage stands a brown-haired woman, wearing a floral-patterned dress and pink blazer, speaking from a podium to the audience that sits in front of her just out of view. On either side of the stage sits other men and women, presumed to be library officials, who have their attention on the woman at the podium. Framing the front of the stage are small pots of yellow flowers and behind the stage, extending backwards out of frame, are bookshelves. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #460\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains photographs of the 1995 ribbon cutting ceremony celebrating the re-opening of the Kate Waller Barrett Branch after renovations.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a small elevated stage and podium and the people that surround it. Although the picture is out of focusing, appearing blurry, a woman with red hair and glasses, wearing a red blazer and skirt, can be seen speaking from the podium. With their attention on the speaker at the podium, the men and women that sit next to the stage are presumed to be library officials. The stage, framed at the front by small pots of yellow flowers, backs up to rows of short bookshelves that extend backward out of frame. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #461\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a small elevated stage and podium and the people that surround it. On the stage, standing at the podium, is a man with glasses wearing a dark-colored suit and tie with a red pocket square. He looks down at the paper on the podium as he speaks to the audience in front of him, sitting just out of view. The men and women sitting next to the stage, presumed to be library officials, are dressed professionally as some turn their attention toward the speaker. The front of the stage is framed by small pots of yellow flowers and rows of short bookshelves sit at the back of the stage. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #462\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down on the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library where the audience sits as the ribbon ceremony goes on. On the left side of the picture, many men and women sit in folding chairs as they listen to the man speaking from the small elevated stage and podium in front of them. Stretching from the circulation desk, across the room, to the railing of the staircase is a red ribbon that separates the audience from the men and women on and around the stage. There are also men and women that stand behind the circulation desk, presumed to be library staff, that have their attention on the man at the podium, who is dressed in a dark-colored suit with a light-colored shirt. On either side of the stage, separated from the general audience, sit other men and women who are presumed to be library officials. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #463\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down on the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library where the audience sits as the ribbon ceremony goes on. On the right side of the picture sits a large audience of men and women that extends backwards out if frame. They are separated from the small stage and podium by a red ribbon that stretches from the circulation desk, across the room, to the railing of the staircase that leads to the second floor. Behind the circulation desk stands a few men and women, who are presumed to be library staff, who have their attention on the man that speaks from the podium. The speaker, dressed in a dark-colored suit and tie, looks down at the paper on the podium as he addresses the audience in front of him. The people sitting to left and right of the stage, who are separate from the general audience, are presumed to be library officials who are part of the ceremony proceedings. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #464\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a man standing in behind a podium on a small elevated stage. The man, dressed in a grey-colored suit and glasses, seems to have his head tilted down in pause to accept the applause he is receiving from the people around him. Next to the stage sits a group of men and women who are presumed to be library officials. One man and one woman can be seen clapping for the man on the stage. The front of the stage is framed by small pots of yellow flowers and the back of the stage is bordered by short bookshelves that extend backward out of view. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #465\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a woman standing behind a podium on a small elevate stage. The woman has grey hair, dressed in a matching blue dress and blazer, and looks out at the audience seated in front of her, just out of view. There is a group of men and women seated in three rows next to the stage, presumed to be library officials, who look and listen to the woman speaking from the podium. Behind the stage and the group of library officials are some tall and short bookshelves that extend backward into the space and out of frame. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #466\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library where men and women are milling around presumably after the ribbon has been cut officially opening the library. The men and women, of all ages and in varying dress, are either in conversation with one another or are on the move to a different part of the space. Some are making their way up the stairs and past whomever is taking the picture while others are moving towards the rows of bookshelves that extend backward out of frame. Barely visible amongst the people is a small stage and podium where library officials had spoken during the ceremony. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #467\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a small stage and the men and women that surround it. On the stage, standing behind a podium, is grey-haired woman in a matching blue dress and blazer who speaks to the audience seated in front of her, just out of view. On either side of the stage where the woman in blue is speaking from, sits two groups of men and women, presumed to be library officials, who have attention on the woman in blue. The front of the stage is framed with small pots of yellow flowers and the back is bordered by short bookshelves that extend backward into the space. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #468\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at the main floor of the Barret Branch where people have begun to move about the space, presumably, at the conclusion of the ribbon cutting ceremony. Some of the men and women are in conversation with each other while others have begun exploring the space and materials available. Visible among the crowd is the circulation desk, with a few staff members working from behind it. Across the room, also visible among the crowd, is the small stage and podium that library officials spoke from during the ceremony. Above the crowd, on the right side of the picture, is the second-floor balcony which has been populated by more exploring people. The photo is dated from 1995. Photo previously labeled #469\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a small stage and podium. Standing behind the podium is a man with glasses, wearing a dark-colored suit and tie, who is looking down at the papers on the podium in front of him. To one side of the stage is small group of men and women who are seated in three rows, all in professional dress. This small group of people are presumed to be library officials, as is the man in a grey-colored suit that is seated behind the stage. Behind the stage are short bookshelves that extend backward out of frame and the front of the stage is line with small pots of yellow flowers. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #470\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at the main floor of the Barret Branch wear a stage sits before a large seated audience. Separating the audience from the stage is a long red ribbon stretching from the circulation desk across the room to the staircase's railing. Behind the circulation desk, standing with their backs to the wall, are men and women who seem to be part of the library staff. On the stage stands a brown-haired woman, wearing a floral-patterned dress and pink blazer, speaking from a podium to the audience that sits in front of her. On either side of the stage sits other men and women, presumed to be library officials, who have their attention on the woman at the podium. Framing the front of the stage are small pots of yellow flowers and behind the stage, extending backwards out of frame, are bookshelves. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #471\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at the main floor of the Barret Branch wear a stage sits before a large seated audience. Separating the audience from the stage is a long red ribbon stretching from the circulation desk across the room to the staircase's railing. Behind the circulation desk, standing with their backs to the wall, are men and women who seem to be part of the library staff. On the stage stands a man with glasses, wearing a grey-colored suit, speaking from a podium to the audience that sits in front of him. On either side of the stage sits other men and women, presumed to be library officials, who have their attention on the man at the podium. Framing the front of the stage are small pots of yellow flowers and behind the stage, extending backwards out of frame, are bookshelves. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #472\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a small stage and podium as well as the people that surround it. Speaking from the podium stands a man with glasses, in a grey-colored suit and tie, who looks down at the paper in front of him. On either side of the stage sits two small groups of men and women, presumed to be library officials, who have their attention on the man on stage. All are professionally dressed and some hold programs probably pertaining to the ceremony. The front of the stage is lined with small pots of yellow flows and behind the stage are rows of short and tall books shelves. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #473\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at two groups of men and women on the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library. The group closest to the camera consists of six men and two women who are professionally dressed and seem to be library officials. Each woman shakes the hand of one of the men in the group. Behind them is a small stage and podium, that is lined with small pots of yellow flowers along the front. In the other side of the stage is another small group of men and women, also thought to be library officials. One woman seated at the front of the group, with white hair and patterned dress, is leaning forward to greet a woman with brown hair, black jacket, and skirt standing in front of her. Behind the two groups and the stage are bookshelves that extend backward out of frame. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #474\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a small group of men and women who are standing, in conversation with each other. The group, consisting of two women and five men, are all professionally dressed and seem to be library officials. Facing away from the camera, one woman with a pink jacket is shaking hands with a man in a dark colored suit and patterned tie. Behind this group is a small, unoccupied stage and podium and on the other side of the stage is another group of seated, presumed, library officials. Behind the stage are bookshelves that extend backwards out of frame. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #475\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. In the foreground of the picture, two unidentified women smile at the camera. The woman on the left has short blond hair, glasses, and wears a patterned collared dress. The woman in the left has dark brown hair and wears a dark blue top with a high neck. Behind them are more men and women who are milling about on the main floor of the Barrett Branch, presumably after the conclusion of the ceremony. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #476\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. The camera is pointed at the line of men and women standing at the circulation desk at the Barrett Branch Library. Presumably, these are members of the public who attended the ribbon cutting and are now exploring the new space after the conclusion of the ceremony. On the upper right-side of the picture, visible through the railing, is the second-floor balcony where people a standing amongst the bookshelves. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #477\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a man standing on a small stage, behind a podium. Though the camera is unfocused and the photo appears slightly blurry it can be determined that the man, dressed in a dark-colored suit with a white pocket square, looks down at the papers on the podium as the small group of men and women seated on the other side of the stage have their attention on him. The small group of men and women, who are dressed professionally, are presumed to be library officials that are part of the ribbon cutting ceremony. One other presumed official is seated behind the stage and is reading a piece of paper. Also, behind the stage and the small group of library officials, are rows of bookshelves that extend backward out of frame. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #478\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a line of people who stand facing a seated audience of men and women. The line of people is professionally dressed men and women, presumably library officials, who each hold onto a red ribbon that stretches across the room from the circulation desk to the railing of the staircase. The seated audience and the men and women standing behind the circulation desk smile at the line of officials as they cut the ribbon. One woman, with grey hair and blue dress, holds up her scissors and her portion of the red ribbon in celebration. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #479\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a man in a grey-colored suit who stands on a small stage. Looking down at the orange-handled scissors in hand, he faces a small group of men and women, presumed to be library officials, as they walk towards the left side of the photo. The man on the stage is handing out pairs of scissors to members of the ribbon cutting ceremony as they make their way towards the ribbon that is just out of view. Behind the man and the stage, is another small group of men and women seated in front of bookshelves who watch as the other officials make their way to the ribbon. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #480\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library and the men and women who are filing in before the start of the ceremony. There are folding chairs set up in the middle of the room that a being filled by people coming from the entrance vestibule at the back of the space. Behind the circulation desk stands many men and women, presumed to be library staff, who watch as members of the public take their seats. In front of the audience stretching across the room, from the circulation desk to the railing of the staircase, is a long red ribbon. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #481\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains black and white photographs pertaining to the Robert H. Robinson Library, dated from 1946 to 1950. The photos capture the Robert H. Robinson Library building, staff, and various events.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack and white photograph of Sara Murphy Carr sitting at her desk in the Robert Robinson Branch of Alexandria Library. Carr has short, dark hair and is wearing a light-colored blazer and a dark-colored top underneath. She looks directly at the camera from a chair behind her wooden desk, which is topped with file folders, a box of catalog cards, a folded newspaper, and other items. Behind her is a cart filled books and behind her further are filled bookshelves, some are topped with more books or other décor. The photo is dated c.1948. Photo previously labeled as #494\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack and white photograph of Sara Murphy Carr posing for a picture in the doorway of the Robert Robinson Library. Carr has short, dark hair and is wearing a light-color jacket, dark-colored top, light-colored knee length skirt, with dark-colored shoes. She stands facing the camera and seems to have her hand on the knob of the front door that is slightly ajar behind her. A stoop and front step lead up to the front of the brick building and above the white trimmed door is a sign that reads \"Robert Robinson Library\" in dark letters. The photo is dated c.1948. Photo previously labeled as #495\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack and white candid photograph taken outside the Robert Robinson Library as Miss Bracie enters the building. Facing the front of the library, the photo captures a woman, identified as Miss Bracie, stepping up to the front door of the building. With her back to the camera, Miss Bracie wears a light-colored jacket and skirt, a much lighter-colored hat with black sash, and carries a dark-colored hand bag. The building, made of brick with a dark-colored metal roof, has one brick chimney on the left side and four narrow windows that are evenly separated by the white trimmed front door. Above the front door, just under an outdoor light, is a sign that reads \"Robert Robinson Library\" in dark letters. A cement walkway leads up to the door and is bordered on either side by shrubbery and grass. The photo is dated c.1950. Photo previously labeled as #496\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack and white photograph of Story Hour at Robert Robinson Library. Robinson Librarian Minnie N. Fuller, sits and reads to twelve children who either sit in chairs or kneel on the carpeted floor in front of her. Fuller has short, dark hair and is wearing a light-colored dress with light-colored shoes. Her head is tilted down and away from the camera as she reads the book and the children, both boys and girls, are turned to face her. Behind the children are three windows that have their blinds open. The photo is dated 1950. Photo previously labeled as #497\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack and white photograph of a group of men and women, presumably attending an event, at the Robert H. Robinson Library. Posed in two rows, nine women and three men are pictured together with some looking directly at the camera and others facing in different directions. All are dressed up, with the women in dresses and dress hats and the men in suits. One clergyman stands in the second row and is dressed in a clerical collar. One woman is identified as Alexandria Library Director Ellen Coolidge Burke (first row, second from the left) and she is dressed in a dark jacket, light-colored shirt, light-colored skirt, and dark-colored hat. Behind the group is a wall with a bookshelf and closed door. The photo is dated 1950. Photo previously labeled #498\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack and white candid photograph taken of Story Hour at Robert Robinson Library. Twenty-three children, listen as Robinson Librarian Sara Murphy Carr reads a picture book. Carr is wearing a light-colored outfit and dark-colored shoes. Her hair has been tied back away from her face and she looks down at the open book through her glasses. Many of the children have realized they are being photographed and have turned to face the camera, but a few have their gazes turned elsewhere. The space where the group sits is lined on three sides by filled bookshelves, some topped with more books or other décor. The photo is dated April 1946. Photo previously labeled as #499\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack and white photo of the 10th Anniversary of the Robert H. +Robinson Library. Seated in five rows, a group of men and women, some young and some old, pose for a picture inside the Robert Robinson Library. Not everyone looks directly at the camera, but all are dressed professionally. Some women can be seen wearing hats and dress gloves while the men can be seen in suit and tie. One clergyman sits in the back dressed in his clerical collar. Behind the group, the walls are lined with bookshelves that have been decorated with original art work of varying sizes. The photo is dated 1950. Photo previously labeled as #500\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis sub-series contains records documenting the branches and divisions of the Alexandria Library system including the construction of the branches and information regarding their operations. The branches represented here include the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library, the James M. Duncan Branch Library, the Ellen Coolidge Burke Branch Library, the Robert H. Robinson Library, the \"New Branch\" (later known as the Charles E. Beatley, Jr. Central Library), the Special Services Division, and the Lloyd House (later known as Local History and Special Collections).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains miscellaneous records pertaining to the construction of the building addition to the Kate Waller Barrett branch of Alexandria Library in 1954. Documents include copies of contracts, proof of insurance, and other notes and correspondence related to the proposed addition to the Barrett branch.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to the construction specifications for the building addition to the Kate Waller Barrett branch of Alexandria Library in 1954. Documents include the Specifications report, prepared by the Alexandria Library Board, detailing the proposed requirements for the construction of the addition to the Barrett branch.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains financial records pertaining to the construction of the building addition to the Kate Waller Barrett branch of Alexandria Library in 1954. Documents include copies of vendor invoices, reports of money spent, and other related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to the process of selecting bids for which construction agency would carry out the construction of the building addition to the Kate Waller Barrett branch of Alexandria Library in 1954. Documents include copies of proposals, meeting minutes, press material, and other related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to monthly reports regarding the Robert Robinson branch of Alexandria Library, dating from December 1947 to December 1951. Documents include monthly reports on branch statistics, yearly fiscal report, discard lists, and other related notes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to monthly reports regarding the Robert Robinson branch of Alexandria Library, dating from January 1952 to December 1955. Documents include monthly reports on branch statistics, and other related notes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to monthly reports regarding the Robert Robinson branch of Alexandria Library, dating from January 1956 to May 1959. Documents include monthly reports on branch statistics, and other related notes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series is currently being processed and is not yet available for research use. Please contact Local History / Special Collections staff for more details.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis sub-series is currently being processed and is not yet available for research use. Please contact Local History / Special Collections staff for more details.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis sub-series is currently being processed and is not yet available for research use. Please contact Local History / Special Collections staff for more details.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis sub-series is currently being processed and is not yet available for research use. Please contact Local History / Special Collections staff for more details.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis sub-series is currently being processed and is not yet available for research use. Please contact Local History / Special Collections staff for more details.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis sub-series contains web-published resources that were created by, or are directly related to, the Alexandria Library in Alexandria, Virginia. This includes the Library website, Library social media accounts, Library blog, and the websites of Library friends' groups.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWebsite of the Alexandria Library in Alexandria, Virginia\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFacebook account of the Alexandria Library in Alexandria, Virginia\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInstagram account of the Alexandria Library in Alexandria, Virginia\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwitter account of the Alexandria Library in Alexandria, Virginia\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eYoutube account of the Alexandria Library in Alexandria, Virginia\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlexandria Library's blog which focuses on adult programs, events, and services including news and updates about the Library's collection, services, resources, and programs for adults\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOnline donation portal for the Alexandria Library Foundation, Inc. The Alexandria Library Foundation is a non-profit organization which provides funding for the Alexandria Library System in Alexandria, Virginia\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWebsite of the Friends of the Beatley Central Library in Alexandria, Virginia. The Friends are a volunteer organizations which works to promote the interests and programs of the Library\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWebsite of the Friends of Duncan Library. The Friends are a volunteer organization that supports the operations of the Duncan Branch Library, located in the Del Ray neighborhood of Alexandria, Virginia\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIntranet website for Alexandria Library staff\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description","Series Content Description","Sub-Series Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Sub-Series Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Sub-Series Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Sub-Series Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Sub-Series Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Description","Content Description","Description","Description","Description","Description","Description","Description","Description","Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains the records of the Alexandria Library, documenting the administration and operation of the Library, dating from the founding of the public library in 1937 through the present. Included are administrative records, annual reports, financial records, circulation records, materials documenting the history of the Library, programming and outreach records, and records of the individual branches of the library system. Formats include textual documents, photographs, and ephemera.","The Alexandria Library is an active organization, and so this collection is a living collection which will be periodically added to and updated. Check this collection guide for any future updates to the collection. ","This series contains materials documenting the Alexandria Library, from its founding as a public library in 1937 through the early 2000s. The majority of documents in this series pertain to the decades between 1950 and 2000. These records document the administration and operations of the Library and its individual branches, as well as materials documenting the history of the Alexandria Library. Documents include annual reports, financial records, correspondence, project files, and other administrative documentation. Also included in this series are ephemera and realia, photographs and other graphic materials, and some oversized materials.","This sub-series contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, as well as its individual branches. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1938 through 1942. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1943 through 1946. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1947 through 1948. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1949 through 1950. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1951 through 1953. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1954 through 1956. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1957 through 1959. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1960 through 1961. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1964. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence.","This sub-series contains administrative and financial records of the Alexandria Library. Documents include correspondence, budgets and other financial records, affirmative action records, bylaws and agreements, official city proclamations, gift records, and other administrative materials.","This folder contains records pertaining to administrative and financial dealings of the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1937 through the 1950s. Documents include final copies of bylaws, charters, and agreements as well as draft documents, reference materials, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to administrative and financial dealings of the Alexandria Library system, dating from the 1950s through the 1992. Documents include final copies of bylaws, charters, and agreements as well as draft documents, reference materials, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to the Affirmative Action plan put in place for the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1975.","This folder contains records pertaining to the Affirmative Action policy used to create an Affirmative Action plan for the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1976.","This folder contains records pertaining to the Affirmative Action plans for the City of Alexandria, dating from 1976 and 1980. Documents include final Affirmative Action plans from both 1976 and 1980.","This folder contains records pertaining to the Affirmative Action plans for the Alexandria Public Library, dating from 1978 through 1982. Documents include reference material used to create the Affirmative Action plans including OSHA Recordkeeping guidelines and guidelines from the Department of Equal Employment Opportunity for the City of Alexandria. Other documents include Alexandria Public Library's Affirmative Action goals, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to the Affirmative Action reports for the Alexandria Public Library system, dating from 1974 through 1976. Documents include final Affirmative Action and Equal Employment Opportunity reports, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to the Affirmative Action reports for the Alexandria Public Library system, dating from 1977 through 1980. Documents include final Affirmative Action and Equal Employment Opportunity reports, sample forms, reference materials, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to the Affirmative Action reports for the Alexandria Public Library system, dating from 1981 through 1987. Documents include final Affirmative Action and Equal Employment Opportunity reports, sample forms, membership reports, reference materials, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to the Budget for the Alexandria Public Library system, dated from 1938 through 1944. Documents include draft material, proposed yearly budgets, final budget reports, press related to the budget, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to the Budget for the Alexandria Public Library system, dated from 1945 through 1948. Documents include draft material, proposed yearly budgets, final budget reports, press related to the budget, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to the Budget for the Alexandria Public Library system, dated from 1949 through 1951. Documents include proposed yearly budgets, final budget reports, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to the Budget for the Alexandria Public Library system, dated from 1951 through 1953. Documents include draft material, proposed yearly budgets, final budget reports, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to the Budget for the Alexandria Public Library system, dated from 1953 through 1955. Documents include draft material, proposed yearly budgets, final budget reports, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to the Budget for the Alexandria Public Library system, dated from 1955 through 1959. Documents include draft material, proposed yearly budgets, final budget reports, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to the Budget for the Alexandria Public Library system, dated from 1955 through 1959. Documents include , proposed yearly budgets, final budget reports, reference materials, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to the budget for the City of Alexandria's City Planning and Capital Improvement programs in regard to the Alexandria Public Library system, dated from 1950 through 1961. Documents include final budget reports, proposed budgets, proposed building projects, draft material, reference material, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to Rules, Regulations, and Review articles for the Alexandria Public Library system, dated from 1937 through 1955. Documents include inquiries regarding librarian salaries of other Virginia public libraries, proposed rules and regulations for Alexandria Public Library, final rules and regulations for Alexandria Public Library, meeting minutes, library directories, press regarding the library, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains a 2014 copy of the introduced House Joint Resolution No. 418 which details the historical significance of the 1939 Alexandria Library Sit-in to the House of Delegates, Mayor of Alexandria, and General Assembly and proposes that this information be conveyed at an upcoming ceremony.","This folder contains records pertaining to correspondence to and from Alexandria Library, dated from 1937 through 1951. Documents included correspondence, press regarding Alexandria Public Library, proposals for the planning and construction of the Robert Robinson Library, and other related notes.","This folder contains records pertaining to correspondence to and from Alexandria Library, dated from 1952 through 1961. Documents include written correspondence, meeting and presentation notes, book acquisitions and acquisition proposals, and other related notes.","This folder contains records pertaining to the professional and nonprofessional duties within public libraries set forth by the American Library Association, dated from 1948. Documents include the preliminary draft of the Descriptive List of Professional and Nonprofessional Duties in Libraries handbook.","This folder contains records pertaining to position descriptions and pay plans for Virginia public libraries, dated from 1950. Documents include a guidebook detailing all positions available with Virginia public libraries, their position descriptions, and recommended qualifications.","This folder contains records pertaining to \"Position Classification and Salary Administration in Libraries\", dated from 1951. Documents include a handbook titled \"Position Classification and Salary Administration in Libraries\", written by the American Library Association, detailing guides and standards for library administrative staff to utilize when creating administrative plans.","This folder contains records pertaining to information and guidelines for new City of Alexandria employees, dated from 1950 to 1986. Documents include guidebooks detailing fundamental information regarding being employed by the City of Alexandria, code of ethics, and guidelines for managers to effectively communicate employee evaluations.","This sub-series contains records documenting circulation statistics of the Library.","This folder contains records pertaining to circulation statistics for the Alexandria Library system, dated from 1937 through 1940. Documents include overall number of books circulated during a given year and ledgers detailing the number and genre of Adult books circulated each day of the year that the library was open to the public.","This folder contains records pertaining to circulation statistics for the Alexandria Library system, dated from 1937 through 1940. Documents include ledgers detailing the number and genre of Children's books circulated each day of the year that the library was open to the public.","This folder contains records pertaining to circulation statistics for the Alexandria Library system, dated from 1941 through 1942. Documents include ledgers detailing the number and genre of Adult and Children's books circulated each day of the year that the library was open to the public.","This folder contains records pertaining to circulation statistics for the Alexandria Library system, dated from 1943 through 1944. Documents include ledgers detailing the number and genre of Adult and Children's books circulated each day of the year that the library was open to the public.","This folder contains records pertaining to circulation statistics for the Alexandria Library system, dated from 1944 through 1949. Documents include ledgers detailing the number and genre of Adult and Children's books circulated each day of the year that the library was open to the public.","This folder contains records pertaining to circulation statistics for the Alexandria Library system, dated from 1949 through 1953. Documents include ledgers detailing the number and genre of Adult and Children's books circulated each day of the year that the library was open to the public.","This folder contains records pertaining to circulation statistics for the Alexandria Library system, dated from 1949. Documents include ledgers detailing the number and genre of Adult and Children's books circulated each day of the year that the library was open to the public.","This folder contains records pertaining to circulation statistics for the Alexandria Library system, dated from 1944 through 1946. Documents include ledgers detailing the number and genre of Adult and Children's books circulated each day of the year that the library was open to the public.","This sub-series contains materials of mixed formats documenting the history of the Library and its programming and outreach work. Documents include scrapbooks, posters, news clippings, correspondence, administrative documents, event programs, and photographs.","This folder contains materials pertaining to Alexandria Library history, dating from 1957-1961. Documents include newspaper clippings from various local newspapers, event photos, correspondence, and other related notes.","This folder contains records pertaining to the history of Alexandria Library, dated from c. 1960. Documents include notes, correspondence, and copies of newspaper articles relating to the library.","This folder contains records pertaining to the history of Alexandria Library. Documents include copies of events schedules, event programs, summaries of the library's history, copies of newspaper articles relating to the library, and other related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to the history of Alexandria Library, dated from 1937 through 1947. Documents include newspaper clippings that detail library history, press, and publicity.","This folder contains records pertaining to the history of Alexandria Library, dated from 1955 through 1973. Documents include newspaper clippings that detail library history, press, and publicity.","This folder contains records pertaining to the history of Alexandria Library, dated from 1936 through 1954. Documents include summaries of the library's history, copies of newspaper articles relating to the library, and other related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to the history of Alexandria Library, dated from 1945 through 1985. Documents include copies of newspaper articles relating to the library, and other related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to publicity correspondence for Alexandria Library, dated from c. 1954-1986. Documents include correspondence relating to proposed exhibits, cosmetic changes to library branches, research inquiries, proof of membership, thank-you messages, plans for library news releases, and other related notes.","This folder contains records pertaining to press releases for Alexandria Library, dated from 1947-1986. Documents include drafts of news releases, draft 5-year plan documents, descriptions of upcoming library programs, mock-ups for news articles relating to the library, and other related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to events related to Alexandria Library, dated from 1954 through 1992. Documents include programs from library events and other notes and correspondence.","This folder contains biographical research materials about James M. Duncan, Jr. (the namesake of the Duncan Branch) which were collected by branch managers of Duncan Branch. Materials include notes, newsclippings, and photocopies of newsclippings.","This folder contains photographs of the 1995 ribbon cutting ceremony celebrating the re-opening of the Kate Waller Barrett Branch after renovations.","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Eight people, presumed to be library officials, stand on the main floor of the Barrett Branch in front of a seated audience, in the midst of a ribbon cutting ceremony. The smiling officials cutting the red ribbon, who include six men and two women, are dressed professionally and each holds their own pair of scissors. Behind them are shelves of library books and a set of stairs that lead up to the second floor of the library. The seated audience of men and women watches as the ceremony proceeds. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #402","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Eight people, presumed to be library officials, stand on the main floor of the Barrett Branch in front of a seated audience, in the midst of a ribbon cutting ceremony. The officials, who include six men and two women, have not yet cut the red ribbon and are dressed professionally. Each of the eight officials holds their own pair of scissors. Behind them are shelves of library books and a set of stairs that up to the second floor of the library. The seated audience of men and women watches as the ceremony proceeds. The photograph is dated September 10th, 1995. Photo previously labeled #403","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. This candid photo of men and women milling around the first floor of the Barrett Branch was taken, presumably, after the conclusion of the ceremony. Some of the people pictured are in conversation with one another, while others are taking in their surroundings. In the foreground is a podium framed on either side by yellow flowers and an American flag. In the background are library books shelves and a set of stairs that lead up to the second floor of the library. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #404","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. This candid photo was taken amidst a crowd of people attending the ceremony on the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library. The men and women of various ages stand milling around the space. Some are in conversation with one another while others look in many directions, taking in their surroundings. Visible in the background is the entrance to the library that consists of floor to ceiling windows allowing natural daylight to stream in. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #405","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. The photo is of several people standing around on the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library. The three men and one woman in the foreground are in conversation with each other but only the two men on the right have realized the group is being photographed. The two men on the right are looking at the camera and smiling, while the women is still speaking and the third man is looking to his right with his back to the photographer. In the background are other people, some in conversation and some not, as well as empty chairs set up against filled bookshelves. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #406","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. A large audience of men and women have filled the main floor of the Barrett Branch, presumably watching as the ceremony unfolds. Some of the people are sitting in the middle of the space while the rest of the crowd have filled the available standing room, even standing in the sunlight filled entrance vestibule, at the back of the room, to catch a glimpse through the floor to ceiling windows. Regardless of placement, almost all the audience members have their attentions set on the events happening behind the camera, just out of frame. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #407","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Two women stand posing for a picture, on the main floor of the Barrett Branch, presumably after the conclusion of the ceremony. With their arms around each other, the woman on the left looks directly at the camera while the women on the right smiles at something out of frame on the left. In the background are more people, men and women, milling around the large indoor space. Some are in conversation with one another and others are simply moving about the space. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #409","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. The photo is of two smiling men and a young child posing for a picture together. On the left, the young child stands holding the hand of the man in the middle who has brown hair and mustache, is wearing glasses and is dressed in a dark-colored suit with a white shirt and red patterned tie. The man on the right, who stands with his hand on the shoulder of the man in the middle, has white hair and is wearing glasses and a dark-colored suit with a white shirt and blue tie. All three stand under a half visible, gold-framed, painted portrait of Kate Waller Barrett that is hanging on the wall behind them. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #410","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Three men and two children stand posing for a picture together. The three men are all wearing dark-colored suits with light-colored shirts and ties. The two children, one boy and one girl, stand in front of the men in the middle and on the right. The boy wears a light-colored button-down shirt and striped dress pants while the girl wears a striped, long-sleeve dress with black tights and black shoes with pink shoelaces. All five smile at the camera as they pose under a gold-framed, painted portrait of Kate Waller Barrett. The woman in the portrait has her white hair tied back in a bun and sits, posed in profile, and is wearing dark-colored clothes, with floral accents. A gold cross pendant hangs from her neck and a brooch is pinned to her chest. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #411","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. A woman stands posing for a picture with the portrait of Kate Waller Barrett hanging near the entrance of the Barrett Branch Library. The woman, dressed in a red blazer and skirt, smiles as she looks to left at something just out of frame. She stands below the gold-framed, painted portrait of Kate Waller Barrett. In the portrait, Kate Waller Barrett has her white hair tied back into a bun and sits, posed in profile, wearing dark-colored clothes, with floral accents. A gold cross pendant hangs from her neck and a brooch is pinned to her chest. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #412","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Three men and two children stand posing for a picture together under the portrait of Kate Waller Barrett that hangs near the entrance of the Barrett Branch Library. The man on the left has white hair and is wearing glasses, a dark-colored suit, a light-colored shirt and blue tie. He has his hand on the shoulder of the little girl to the right of him who wears a striped long-sleeve dress with black tights and black shoes with pink laces. The little girl holds the hand of the man in the middle who wears a dark-colored suit with a light-colored shirt and dark patterned tie. Next to him, on the right, stands the little boy who wears a light-colored button-down shirt and striped dress pants. The little boy holds the hand of the last man on the right who has brown hair and mustache, glasses, and wears a dark-colored suit with a light-colored shirt and red patterned tie. All five stand beneath the gold-framed, painted portrait of Kate Waller Barrett who has her white hair tied back into a bun. She sits, posed in profile, and is wearing dark-colored clothes, with floral accents, with a gold cross pendant hanging from her neck and a brooch pinned to her chest. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #413","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. The candid photograph is of four men standing in front of the portrait of Kate Waller Barrett that hangs near the entrance to the library. The two men on the left are greeting each other and the two men on the right are standing separately both looking in opposite directions towards things just out of frame. All the men are dressed in suits and ties and three out of four are wearing glasses. The leftmost man is holding multiple pairs of scissors and the second man from the right is holding an event program. Behind them, hanging on the wall is the gold-framed, painted portrait of Kate Waller Barrett who has white hair tied back into a bun and sits, posed in profile, wearing dark-colored clothes, with floral accents, with a gold cross pendant hanging from her neck and a brooch pinned to her chest. Also in the background, off to the left, is a child, seemingly in motion, appearing blurry in the photograph. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #414","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. The candid photograph is of a group of men and women standing around a table of computers on the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library. On the round table there are four white computers, each with their own keyboard and mouse. Two of the computers are in use, one by a man in dark dress pants and white shirt and the other by two people, a woman and young man, working together. In the background are other people milling about as well as library bookshelves and a set of stairs leading to the second floor of the library. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #415","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. The candid photograph is of two groups of men and women, some sitting and some standing, inside of the library presumably before the ceremony begins. To left is a group of seated people, partially blocked from view by a desk, and to the right is a group of men standing together in conversation. Between the two groups sits a small stage with an American flag, bordered at the front by small pots of yellow flowers. In the background are rows of both tall and short bookshelves in front of a glass-front room. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #416","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of two women and one man standing in conversation with one another. The two women are both in light-colored dresses and the woman on the right faces away from the camera and carries a purse. The man wears glasses and is dressed in a light-colored suit with a white dress shirt and patterned tie. The woman on the left looks across to the woman on the right as she and the man in the middle are looking at each other. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #417","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of men and women milling about inside the Barrett Branch. The people in the foreground seem to be in conversation with each other while others are having separate conversations in the background. The photo is being taken from behind a bookshelf decorated with a potted plant whose leaves have just started to come in to frame on the right side of the photo. Behind the people are more bookshelves, decorated with flowers, and a glass-front room. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #418","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photo of four men, one woman, and two children. Every person pictured is looking in a different direction, some seeming to be moving towards different parts of the room and appearing blurry in the photo. All of the men are dressed in suits, the woman wears a pink buttoned jacket, the little boy wears a light-color button-down, and the little girl wears a striped long-sleeve dress. Behind them on the wall hangs a gold-framed, painted portrait of Kate Waller Barrett who has white hair tied back into a bun and sits, posed in profile, wearing dark-colored clothes, with floral accents. A gold cross pendant is hanging from her neck and a brooch is pinned to her chest. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #419","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. The photo is of the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library. In the library stands many men, women, and children milling about the space. Some are in conversation with one another, while others take in their surroundings or speak to people sitting behind the circulation desk to the left of the photo. To the right of the photo is the beginning of a staircase that leads to the second floor of the library. Visible from the balcony, the second floor is filled with bookshelves. In the background, on the lower level, stands a small stage and podium framed by small pots of yellow flowers and an American flag as well as a glass-front room whose windows are letting in bright daylight. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #420","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. The photo is of the main floor of the Barrett Branch and there are men and women milling around in the space, some in conversation with one another and others taking in their surroundings. On the right side of the picture, some of the people stand in front of the circulation desk, decorated with pots of yellow and orange flowers. On the left side of the picture are some glass display cases displaying open books. In the background are the floor to ceiling windows of the entrance vestibule that are providing bright, natural light to the room. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #421","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Pictured is a large audience of men and women on the main floor of the Barrett Branch. Some of the people are sitting in the middle of the room while the rest of the crowd have begun filling in the available standing room, even standing in the sunlight filled entrance vestibule, at the back of the crowd, to catch a glimpse through the floor to ceiling windows. Regardless of placement, almost all the audience members have their attentions set on the events happening behind the camera, just out of frame. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #422","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a group of men and women, of differing ages, standing around a table of computers. At the round table, there are two people with their backs to the camera sharing the same computer, to their right is one woman at the next computer, and the next computer has a group of four sharing the same computer. In the foreground is a shelf that has been decorated with a pot of flowers, that have taken up the left side of the picture. In the background, behind the group of people at the computers is glass-front room and a few people within. Inside the room are bookshelves on the left wall and tables and chairs filling the middle. The windows on the back wall have had their blinds drawn to shade the interior from the bright daylight shining through. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #423","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of some people, both men and women, looking at the available materials on the bookshelves around them on the second floor of the Barrett Branch Library. Some of the men and women are browsing the shelves while others have begun reading their chosen materials. In the foreground are shorter bookshelves, with one man crouching to get a better look at the offerings on the bottom shelf. In the background are taller bookshelves, that almost reach from floor to ceiling. Behind the taller bookshelves are some tables and chairs that have been backlit by the daylight coming through the windows on the back wall. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #424","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a seated audience facing a group of people who seem like library officials seated at the front of the room. The seated audience is facing away from the camera and the group of men and women at the front of the room are applauding in welcome to the man who is standing at the front of the room. He has brown hair and mustache, is wearing glasses and a grey suit with dark tie. Off to the right of the photo is a staircase that leads to the second floor whose balcony sits above the group of clapping men and women. Behind them stands bookshelves, completely filled, that almost reach from floor to ceiling. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #425","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a woman speaking to an audience from an elevated podium. The woman, dressed in a red blazer and white shirt, is looking through her glasses out over the audience. Behind her is both short and tall bookshelves, as well as a wall of glass, and to the left stands an American flag. The woman at the podium stands below the second-floor balcony of the Barrett Branch where three musicians sit with music stands in front of them and bookshelves at their back. In the foreground, somewhat blocking the view of the seated audience, is the circulation desk topped with stacks of paper. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #426","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a seated audience, extending out of frame, who have their attention on a man speaking from an elevated podium. The man at podium, dressed in a dark-colored suit with a white shirt and red tie, is looking down at the podium through his glasses. Behind the podium are rows of book shelves, both short and tall with some decorated with flowers, as well as a glass-front room. The man at the podium stands beneath the second-floor balcony of the Barrett Branch Library. Visible through the balcony's railing are filled bookshelves. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #427","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a man speaking from behind a podium. The man is standing, dressed in a dark-colored suit with a white shirt and dark patterned tie, looking down at the podium through his dark tinted glasses. Behind him are rows of book shelves, both short and tall with some decorated with flowers, as well as a glass-front room. The podium stands below the second-floor balcony of the Barrett Branch Library where three chairs and two music stands are set up. The right most chair is occupied by a person in white shirt and dark pants. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #428","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a woman speaking from an elevated podium. The woman, dressed in a blue dress and matching blue jacket, looks out to an audience just out of frame and she is observed by a small panel of professionally dressed men and women, presumed to be other library officials, on the right side of the picture. The picture is being taken from behind the circulation desk, complete with computer, receipt printer, and landline phone. A pot of yellow, orange and red flowers sits atop the desk, partially blocking an American flag from view. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #429","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a woman speaking from an elevated podium in front of an audience of people that extends out of frame. The woman, dressed in a pink blazer over a dark patterned dress with a string of pearls around her neck, is looking down at the podium while the audience listens. Behind her are rows of book shelves, both short and tall with some decorated with flowers, as well as a glass-front room. The speaker and podium stand beneath an the second-floor balcony of the Barrett Branch Library, where three chairs, music stands, and musicians are seated and viewable through the balcony's railing. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #430","This folder contains photographs of the 1995 ribbon cutting ceremony celebrating the re-opening of the Kate Waller Barrett Branch after renovations.","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a man speaking to an audience, extending out of frame, from an elevated podium. The man, dressed in a dark-colored suit with white shirt and dark patterned tie, is looking down at the podium while holding up a closed book in his right hand and paper in his left hand. Behind him are rows of short and tall bookshelves, some decorated with flowers, in front of a glass-front room. Above the podium sits the second-floor balcony of the Barrett Branch Library. Through the railing, three chairs, music stands, and musicians can be seen in front of filled bookshelves. In the foreground, on the left side of the picture, is the circulation desk topped with stacks of papers. The photo is dated from 1995. Photo previously labeled #431","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a woman speaking from an elevated podium to audience, which extends out of frame. The woman is dressed in a matching blue jacket and dress, and looks out over the audience at something not visible as the audience turns to follow her gaze. To her left and right are men in dark-colored suits and ties that also follow her line-of-sight. Behind her are bookshelves, both tall and short, and a glass-front room. Above the podium is the second-floor balcony and through the railing, three chairs, music stands, and musicians can be seen in front of filled bookshelves. In the foreground, blocking some of the audience from view, is the circulation desk with a computer and piles of paper. The photo is dated from 1995. Photo previously labeled #432","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. This slightly out of focus, color candid photograph is of a woman speaking from an elevated podium to an audience that is seated just out of frame. The woman, dressed in a pink jacket over a dark, patterned dress, is bordered by a group of seated men and women, presumed to be other library officials, on the right and an American flag on the left. Above the woman at the podium is the second-floor balcony and behind her are tall bookshelves and a glass front room. The photo is being taken from behind the circulation desk which has a computer and a pot of yellow, red and orange flowers. The photo is dated from 1995. Photo previously labeled #433","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a group of men and women in conversation with each other amidst the ribbon cutting ceremony. The group consists of four men and two women, presumed to be library officials, who trade smiles and handshakes in front of a clapping audience. Some of the members of the group are still holding scissors and the pieces of red ribbon that were cut as part of the ceremony. Behind them are bookshelves that extend backward into the space. The photo is dated from 1995. Photo previously labeled #434","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a group of men and women amidst the ribbon cutting ceremony. The group consists of three men and two women, some still holding scissors and pieces of the red ribbon cut during the ceremony. The smiling woman in the middle has offered a handshake to the man to the left of her as the audience applauds them. Behind the ribbon cutters are tall and short bookshelves that extend backwards into the space. The photo is dated from 1995. Photo previously labeled #435","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photo of a group of three men and one woman, presumed to be library officials, are trading smiles and the woman offers a handshake to the man on the far left. The woman has grey hair and wears a matching blue jacket and dress. The men are dressed professionally in suits and ties. They stand in front of a small stage and podium, lined with small pots of yellow flowers and decorated by an American flag. Behind them are bookshelves, both tall and short, that extend backwards toward a glass-front room. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #436","Color photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. This candid photograph depicts several people standing behind the main circulation desk on the first floor of the Barrett Branch. In the foreground of the photo is a woman wearing a magenta dress and holding two books. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #408","Color portrait of an outdoor sign from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library after renovations were completed in 1995. On a bright, sunny day at the corner of a red-brick building sits a white sign that reads \"The 200 Block of North Columbus St. Welcomes the New Library\" and just below that it reads \"Thank You\". Propped up on a wooden easel, the sign is decorated by a single gold, metallic balloon that is moving with the wind. Behind the sign to the right are row houses and a parked car. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #441","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, a group of presumed library officials sit next to a stage and listen to the woman speaking from the podium. The woman has white hair and is dressed in a matching blue jacket and dress turns her head to welcome another woman who making her way to an empty chair among the group of officials. The woman being welcomed has tied back, brown hair and glasses and is wearing a colorful dress and black, t-strap shoes. Some of the men and women in the group of officials clap while others offer warm smiles to the approaching woman. Behind them is a small circulation desk and filled bookshelves. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #442","Color portrait photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, a group of presumed library staff stand behind the circulation desk and smile at the camera. Four women are directly behind the desk and five more seem to be coming out of the room just behind the desk. Some of the other women have realized their picture is being taken and look at the camera, while others have not and continue their conversations with one another. One man stands in front of the desk and has turned to face the camera while a final woman seems to being walking past him. Folding chairs are set up and extend out of frame and because each still has a paper program on it, it is likely the event has not yet started. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #443","Color candid photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, two group of presumed library officials both sit and stand next to a small stage. Though not all the chairs are filled, the seated group includes three women and four men, all dressed professionally, who seem to be waiting for the event to start. The standing group, consisting of three men and two women, are all in conversation with one another. The woman in the middle with white hair, blue dress and light-colored purse is speaking and the remainder of the standing group leans in to listen. Behind them is the stage, decorated with an American flag, and both tall and short bookshelves that extend out of frame. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #444","Color photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera aims at the circulation desk and the people that stand around it. Presumed to be library staff, four women stand together and all but one is smiling up at the camera. Other people, presumed to be library staff and officials, stand around the desk. Some are in conversation and others are looking in different directions around the room. In front of the circulation desk, extending out of frame, are rows of folding chairs each with a paper program on the seats. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #445","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Set up on the second-floor balcony of the Barrett Branch, are three female musicians in the midst of performing. All three are wearing white dress shirts and black bottoms and each sit in her own wooden chair across from sheet music on a music stand and plays from a flute. Behind them are a man and a woman in conversation leaning over the balcony railing to get a better view of what is going on the floor below. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #446","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, pictured is a man in a dark suit and tie speaking from a podium on a small elevated stage, which he shares with an American flag. Bordering the front of the stage are small pots of yellow flowers. To the left and right of the stage sit two groups of men and women, presumably library officials who have their attention on the man speaking. Behind them are rows of both tall and short bookshelves that extend back into the room and out of frame. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #447","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Men and women of varying ages stand milling around the main floor of the Barrett Branch library seeming after the conclusion of the ceremony. In the foreground, one man sits at a table with his hands on a computer keyboard and converses with the two women who are speaking to him. The woman on the left has short brown hair and wears a blue jacket and the woman on the right has short greying hair and wears a white shirt, denim bottoms, and carries a small purse. In the background is a larger group pf men and women, gathered around a table of computers. Behind are bookshelves that extend to the other side of the room where more people sit at tables in conversation. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #448","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Outside the front entrance of the Barrett Branch Library, in the shade of a tree, is a group of men and women who seem to be waiting for the library to open and for the ceremony to begin. On the front doors, illuminated by the sun, two signs read \"Re-opening\" and \"Sept. 10, 2PM\". Some of the group are sitting on the red brick retaining wall outside of the library while other stand in conversation closer to the entrance. The building is red brick, with white columns and white doors. A large, half-moon shaped windows sits atop the doors allowing natural light to fill the entrance vestibule within. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #449","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. The photo is aimed at the circulation desk where some people have begun to converse with the library staff behind the desk. In front of the desk, the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library has been filled with folding chairs where a few people have begun to sit. There are folded programs on each of the folding chairs, suggesting that the ceremony has not yet begun. On the right side of the picture are bookshelves that fill the space at the back of the main floor as well as the second floor, which is visible through the balcony railing. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #450","Color candid photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the picture is focused on the group of men and women standing against the wall behind the circulation desk. There are nine women and two men visible, dressed professionally, and most of them seem to have their attention on something happening just out of frame on the right. In front of the desk on the left is the beginnings of a seated audience and starting from the circulation desk extending out of frame across the front of the audience stretches the red ribbon that has yet to be cut. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #451","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. A group of two men, one woman, and one young man are standing in conversation with each other next to a round table that currently holds computers, of which only the keyboards and mice are visible. The young man has dark hair and wears a blue collared shirt and the woman he is next to has short brown hair and wears a blue patterned dress and carries a white purse. The two men are both dressed in dark suits with light dress shirts. The man with glasses wears a dark tie. Behind them are some table and chairs separating the group from the tall book shelves that extend out passed both sides of frame. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #452","Color candid photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, two men are pictured in conversation with each other while standing behind a podium on a small elevated stage. The men both wear suits with light-colored shirts, and the viewer is clearly able to see that the man on the left is wearing glasses and a tie. The man on the right has his back to the camera because his attention is on the other man who seems to be explaining something while pointing to something just out of sight on the left. In front of the stage are small pots of yellow flowers and beside the stage are rows of wooden chairs that have yet to be filled. Each chair has a folded program that seems to suggest the ceremony has yet to begin. Behind the men and the stage are bookshelves, both tall and short, that are filled with material. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #453","Color candid photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Pointed toward the interior entrance of the Barrett Branch, taken from the opposite end of the main floor, men and women are milling about the space presumably after the conclusion of the ribbon cutting. In the foreground are men and women using the available computers and in front of them is a large gathering of people milling around the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library. Some seem to be in conversation with one another, while other seem to simply be moving around the space. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #454","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at where the ceremony will be held. A large seated audience of men and women is forming behind a red ribbon that has been stretched from the circulation desk to the staircase's railing on the opposite side of the room. The men and women standing behind the circulation desk are, presumably, library staff and the few men and women that stand on the other side of the red ribbon from the audience are the library officials that will be speaking during the ceremony. The library officials seem to be looking at someone just out of frame and two of them are waving to try and get their attention. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #455","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at the main floor of the Barrett Branch where folding chairs have been set up in the middle of the room for an audience that has begun filing in. Men and women of varying ages and dress are coming in through the bright, naturally lit entrance vestibule, stopping at the circulation desk, before finding an empty seat. The men and women behind the circulation desk are, presumably, library staff who are either in conversation with one another or watching the people who are filing into the library. Just in front of the audience, stretching from the circulation desk to the railing of the staircase at the opposite of the room, is a red ribbon that is being handled by a woman in a dark top and patterned skirt. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #456","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points at a small group of men and women who are seated in wooden chairs to the left of a small stage with a podium. Seated in two rows, the group consists of four women and three men, and are presumed to be library officials. They are all in professional dress, either in suits and ties or dresses and blazers, and the front row seems to be conversation with each other. Just behind them, extending backward into the space, are filled bookshelves. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #457","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a man speaking from a podium on a small elevated stage. The man, wearing glasses and dressed in a grey-colored suit with a white shirt and dark-colored tie, holds a book in one hand and paper in the other as he looks out at the audience in front of him. The men and women seated next to the stage, who are presumed to be library officials, have their attention on the speaker. The stage is bordered in the front by small pots of yellow flowers and framed in the back by bookshelves that extend backward into the space. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #458","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a small elevated stage and podium and the men and women that surround it. The men and women, presumed to be library officials, stand with their hands over their hearts as they face the American flag that sits on the stage. All professionally dressed, only one man and one woman stand on the stage while the others stand to either side as they seem to recite the Pledge of Allegiance. Behind the stage are rows of bookshelves that extend backwards and out of frame. Above the stage is the second-floor balcony of the Barrett Branch. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #459","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a small elevated stage and podium and the men and women that surround it. On the stage stands a brown-haired woman, wearing a floral-patterned dress and pink blazer, speaking from a podium to the audience that sits in front of her just out of view. On either side of the stage sits other men and women, presumed to be library officials, who have their attention on the woman at the podium. Framing the front of the stage are small pots of yellow flowers and behind the stage, extending backwards out of frame, are bookshelves. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #460","This folder contains photographs of the 1995 ribbon cutting ceremony celebrating the re-opening of the Kate Waller Barrett Branch after renovations.","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a small elevated stage and podium and the people that surround it. Although the picture is out of focusing, appearing blurry, a woman with red hair and glasses, wearing a red blazer and skirt, can be seen speaking from the podium. With their attention on the speaker at the podium, the men and women that sit next to the stage are presumed to be library officials. The stage, framed at the front by small pots of yellow flowers, backs up to rows of short bookshelves that extend backward out of frame. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #461","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a small elevated stage and podium and the people that surround it. On the stage, standing at the podium, is a man with glasses wearing a dark-colored suit and tie with a red pocket square. He looks down at the paper on the podium as he speaks to the audience in front of him, sitting just out of view. The men and women sitting next to the stage, presumed to be library officials, are dressed professionally as some turn their attention toward the speaker. The front of the stage is framed by small pots of yellow flowers and rows of short bookshelves sit at the back of the stage. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #462","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down on the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library where the audience sits as the ribbon ceremony goes on. On the left side of the picture, many men and women sit in folding chairs as they listen to the man speaking from the small elevated stage and podium in front of them. Stretching from the circulation desk, across the room, to the railing of the staircase is a red ribbon that separates the audience from the men and women on and around the stage. There are also men and women that stand behind the circulation desk, presumed to be library staff, that have their attention on the man at the podium, who is dressed in a dark-colored suit with a light-colored shirt. On either side of the stage, separated from the general audience, sit other men and women who are presumed to be library officials. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #463","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down on the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library where the audience sits as the ribbon ceremony goes on. On the right side of the picture sits a large audience of men and women that extends backwards out if frame. They are separated from the small stage and podium by a red ribbon that stretches from the circulation desk, across the room, to the railing of the staircase that leads to the second floor. Behind the circulation desk stands a few men and women, who are presumed to be library staff, who have their attention on the man that speaks from the podium. The speaker, dressed in a dark-colored suit and tie, looks down at the paper on the podium as he addresses the audience in front of him. The people sitting to left and right of the stage, who are separate from the general audience, are presumed to be library officials who are part of the ceremony proceedings. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #464","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a man standing in behind a podium on a small elevated stage. The man, dressed in a grey-colored suit and glasses, seems to have his head tilted down in pause to accept the applause he is receiving from the people around him. Next to the stage sits a group of men and women who are presumed to be library officials. One man and one woman can be seen clapping for the man on the stage. The front of the stage is framed by small pots of yellow flowers and the back of the stage is bordered by short bookshelves that extend backward out of view. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #465","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a woman standing behind a podium on a small elevate stage. The woman has grey hair, dressed in a matching blue dress and blazer, and looks out at the audience seated in front of her, just out of view. There is a group of men and women seated in three rows next to the stage, presumed to be library officials, who look and listen to the woman speaking from the podium. Behind the stage and the group of library officials are some tall and short bookshelves that extend backward into the space and out of frame. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #466","Color candid photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library where men and women are milling around presumably after the ribbon has been cut officially opening the library. The men and women, of all ages and in varying dress, are either in conversation with one another or are on the move to a different part of the space. Some are making their way up the stairs and past whomever is taking the picture while others are moving towards the rows of bookshelves that extend backward out of frame. Barely visible amongst the people is a small stage and podium where library officials had spoken during the ceremony. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #467","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a small stage and the men and women that surround it. On the stage, standing behind a podium, is grey-haired woman in a matching blue dress and blazer who speaks to the audience seated in front of her, just out of view. On either side of the stage where the woman in blue is speaking from, sits two groups of men and women, presumed to be library officials, who have attention on the woman in blue. The front of the stage is framed with small pots of yellow flowers and the back is bordered by short bookshelves that extend backward into the space. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #468","Color candid photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at the main floor of the Barret Branch where people have begun to move about the space, presumably, at the conclusion of the ribbon cutting ceremony. Some of the men and women are in conversation with each other while others have begun exploring the space and materials available. Visible among the crowd is the circulation desk, with a few staff members working from behind it. Across the room, also visible among the crowd, is the small stage and podium that library officials spoke from during the ceremony. Above the crowd, on the right side of the picture, is the second-floor balcony which has been populated by more exploring people. The photo is dated from 1995. Photo previously labeled #469","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a small stage and podium. Standing behind the podium is a man with glasses, wearing a dark-colored suit and tie, who is looking down at the papers on the podium in front of him. To one side of the stage is small group of men and women who are seated in three rows, all in professional dress. This small group of people are presumed to be library officials, as is the man in a grey-colored suit that is seated behind the stage. Behind the stage are short bookshelves that extend backward out of frame and the front of the stage is line with small pots of yellow flowers. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #470","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at the main floor of the Barret Branch wear a stage sits before a large seated audience. Separating the audience from the stage is a long red ribbon stretching from the circulation desk across the room to the staircase's railing. Behind the circulation desk, standing with their backs to the wall, are men and women who seem to be part of the library staff. On the stage stands a brown-haired woman, wearing a floral-patterned dress and pink blazer, speaking from a podium to the audience that sits in front of her. On either side of the stage sits other men and women, presumed to be library officials, who have their attention on the woman at the podium. Framing the front of the stage are small pots of yellow flowers and behind the stage, extending backwards out of frame, are bookshelves. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #471","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at the main floor of the Barret Branch wear a stage sits before a large seated audience. Separating the audience from the stage is a long red ribbon stretching from the circulation desk across the room to the staircase's railing. Behind the circulation desk, standing with their backs to the wall, are men and women who seem to be part of the library staff. On the stage stands a man with glasses, wearing a grey-colored suit, speaking from a podium to the audience that sits in front of him. On either side of the stage sits other men and women, presumed to be library officials, who have their attention on the man at the podium. Framing the front of the stage are small pots of yellow flowers and behind the stage, extending backwards out of frame, are bookshelves. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #472","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a small stage and podium as well as the people that surround it. Speaking from the podium stands a man with glasses, in a grey-colored suit and tie, who looks down at the paper in front of him. On either side of the stage sits two small groups of men and women, presumed to be library officials, who have their attention on the man on stage. All are professionally dressed and some hold programs probably pertaining to the ceremony. The front of the stage is lined with small pots of yellow flows and behind the stage are rows of short and tall books shelves. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #473","Color candid photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at two groups of men and women on the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library. The group closest to the camera consists of six men and two women who are professionally dressed and seem to be library officials. Each woman shakes the hand of one of the men in the group. Behind them is a small stage and podium, that is lined with small pots of yellow flowers along the front. In the other side of the stage is another small group of men and women, also thought to be library officials. One woman seated at the front of the group, with white hair and patterned dress, is leaning forward to greet a woman with brown hair, black jacket, and skirt standing in front of her. Behind the two groups and the stage are bookshelves that extend backward out of frame. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #474","Color candid photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a small group of men and women who are standing, in conversation with each other. The group, consisting of two women and five men, are all professionally dressed and seem to be library officials. Facing away from the camera, one woman with a pink jacket is shaking hands with a man in a dark colored suit and patterned tie. Behind this group is a small, unoccupied stage and podium and on the other side of the stage is another group of seated, presumed, library officials. Behind the stage are bookshelves that extend backwards out of frame. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #475","Color photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. In the foreground of the picture, two unidentified women smile at the camera. The woman on the left has short blond hair, glasses, and wears a patterned collared dress. The woman in the left has dark brown hair and wears a dark blue top with a high neck. Behind them are more men and women who are milling about on the main floor of the Barrett Branch, presumably after the conclusion of the ceremony. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #476","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. The camera is pointed at the line of men and women standing at the circulation desk at the Barrett Branch Library. Presumably, these are members of the public who attended the ribbon cutting and are now exploring the new space after the conclusion of the ceremony. On the upper right-side of the picture, visible through the railing, is the second-floor balcony where people a standing amongst the bookshelves. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #477","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a man standing on a small stage, behind a podium. Though the camera is unfocused and the photo appears slightly blurry it can be determined that the man, dressed in a dark-colored suit with a white pocket square, looks down at the papers on the podium as the small group of men and women seated on the other side of the stage have their attention on him. The small group of men and women, who are dressed professionally, are presumed to be library officials that are part of the ribbon cutting ceremony. One other presumed official is seated behind the stage and is reading a piece of paper. Also, behind the stage and the small group of library officials, are rows of bookshelves that extend backward out of frame. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #478","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a line of people who stand facing a seated audience of men and women. The line of people is professionally dressed men and women, presumably library officials, who each hold onto a red ribbon that stretches across the room from the circulation desk to the railing of the staircase. The seated audience and the men and women standing behind the circulation desk smile at the line of officials as they cut the ribbon. One woman, with grey hair and blue dress, holds up her scissors and her portion of the red ribbon in celebration. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #479","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a man in a grey-colored suit who stands on a small stage. Looking down at the orange-handled scissors in hand, he faces a small group of men and women, presumed to be library officials, as they walk towards the left side of the photo. The man on the stage is handing out pairs of scissors to members of the ribbon cutting ceremony as they make their way towards the ribbon that is just out of view. Behind the man and the stage, is another small group of men and women seated in front of bookshelves who watch as the other officials make their way to the ribbon. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #480","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library and the men and women who are filing in before the start of the ceremony. There are folding chairs set up in the middle of the room that a being filled by people coming from the entrance vestibule at the back of the space. Behind the circulation desk stands many men and women, presumed to be library staff, who watch as members of the public take their seats. In front of the audience stretching across the room, from the circulation desk to the railing of the staircase, is a long red ribbon. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #481","This folder contains black and white photographs pertaining to the Robert H. Robinson Library, dated from 1946 to 1950. The photos capture the Robert H. Robinson Library building, staff, and various events.","Black and white photograph of Sara Murphy Carr sitting at her desk in the Robert Robinson Branch of Alexandria Library. Carr has short, dark hair and is wearing a light-colored blazer and a dark-colored top underneath. She looks directly at the camera from a chair behind her wooden desk, which is topped with file folders, a box of catalog cards, a folded newspaper, and other items. Behind her is a cart filled books and behind her further are filled bookshelves, some are topped with more books or other décor. The photo is dated c.1948. Photo previously labeled as #494","Black and white photograph of Sara Murphy Carr posing for a picture in the doorway of the Robert Robinson Library. Carr has short, dark hair and is wearing a light-color jacket, dark-colored top, light-colored knee length skirt, with dark-colored shoes. She stands facing the camera and seems to have her hand on the knob of the front door that is slightly ajar behind her. A stoop and front step lead up to the front of the brick building and above the white trimmed door is a sign that reads \"Robert Robinson Library\" in dark letters. The photo is dated c.1948. Photo previously labeled as #495","Black and white candid photograph taken outside the Robert Robinson Library as Miss Bracie enters the building. Facing the front of the library, the photo captures a woman, identified as Miss Bracie, stepping up to the front door of the building. With her back to the camera, Miss Bracie wears a light-colored jacket and skirt, a much lighter-colored hat with black sash, and carries a dark-colored hand bag. The building, made of brick with a dark-colored metal roof, has one brick chimney on the left side and four narrow windows that are evenly separated by the white trimmed front door. Above the front door, just under an outdoor light, is a sign that reads \"Robert Robinson Library\" in dark letters. A cement walkway leads up to the door and is bordered on either side by shrubbery and grass. The photo is dated c.1950. Photo previously labeled as #496","Black and white photograph of Story Hour at Robert Robinson Library. Robinson Librarian Minnie N. Fuller, sits and reads to twelve children who either sit in chairs or kneel on the carpeted floor in front of her. Fuller has short, dark hair and is wearing a light-colored dress with light-colored shoes. Her head is tilted down and away from the camera as she reads the book and the children, both boys and girls, are turned to face her. Behind the children are three windows that have their blinds open. The photo is dated 1950. Photo previously labeled as #497","Black and white photograph of a group of men and women, presumably attending an event, at the Robert H. Robinson Library. Posed in two rows, nine women and three men are pictured together with some looking directly at the camera and others facing in different directions. All are dressed up, with the women in dresses and dress hats and the men in suits. One clergyman stands in the second row and is dressed in a clerical collar. One woman is identified as Alexandria Library Director Ellen Coolidge Burke (first row, second from the left) and she is dressed in a dark jacket, light-colored shirt, light-colored skirt, and dark-colored hat. Behind the group is a wall with a bookshelf and closed door. The photo is dated 1950. Photo previously labeled #498","Black and white candid photograph taken of Story Hour at Robert Robinson Library. Twenty-three children, listen as Robinson Librarian Sara Murphy Carr reads a picture book. Carr is wearing a light-colored outfit and dark-colored shoes. Her hair has been tied back away from her face and she looks down at the open book through her glasses. Many of the children have realized they are being photographed and have turned to face the camera, but a few have their gazes turned elsewhere. The space where the group sits is lined on three sides by filled bookshelves, some topped with more books or other décor. The photo is dated April 1946. Photo previously labeled as #499","Black and white photo of the 10th Anniversary of the Robert H. +Robinson Library. Seated in five rows, a group of men and women, some young and some old, pose for a picture inside the Robert Robinson Library. Not everyone looks directly at the camera, but all are dressed professionally. Some women can be seen wearing hats and dress gloves while the men can be seen in suit and tie. One clergyman sits in the back dressed in his clerical collar. Behind the group, the walls are lined with bookshelves that have been decorated with original art work of varying sizes. The photo is dated 1950. Photo previously labeled as #500","This sub-series contains records documenting the branches and divisions of the Alexandria Library system including the construction of the branches and information regarding their operations. The branches represented here include the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library, the James M. Duncan Branch Library, the Ellen Coolidge Burke Branch Library, the Robert H. Robinson Library, the \"New Branch\" (later known as the Charles E. Beatley, Jr. Central Library), the Special Services Division, and the Lloyd House (later known as Local History and Special Collections).","This folder contains miscellaneous records pertaining to the construction of the building addition to the Kate Waller Barrett branch of Alexandria Library in 1954. Documents include copies of contracts, proof of insurance, and other notes and correspondence related to the proposed addition to the Barrett branch.","This folder contains records pertaining to the construction specifications for the building addition to the Kate Waller Barrett branch of Alexandria Library in 1954. Documents include the Specifications report, prepared by the Alexandria Library Board, detailing the proposed requirements for the construction of the addition to the Barrett branch.","This folder contains financial records pertaining to the construction of the building addition to the Kate Waller Barrett branch of Alexandria Library in 1954. Documents include copies of vendor invoices, reports of money spent, and other related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to the process of selecting bids for which construction agency would carry out the construction of the building addition to the Kate Waller Barrett branch of Alexandria Library in 1954. Documents include copies of proposals, meeting minutes, press material, and other related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to monthly reports regarding the Robert Robinson branch of Alexandria Library, dating from December 1947 to December 1951. Documents include monthly reports on branch statistics, yearly fiscal report, discard lists, and other related notes.","This folder contains records pertaining to monthly reports regarding the Robert Robinson branch of Alexandria Library, dating from January 1952 to December 1955. Documents include monthly reports on branch statistics, and other related notes.","This folder contains records pertaining to monthly reports regarding the Robert Robinson branch of Alexandria Library, dating from January 1956 to May 1959. Documents include monthly reports on branch statistics, and other related notes.","This series is currently being processed and is not yet available for research use. Please contact Local History / Special Collections staff for more details.","This sub-series is currently being processed and is not yet available for research use. Please contact Local History / Special Collections staff for more details.","This sub-series is currently being processed and is not yet available for research use. Please contact Local History / Special Collections staff for more details.","This sub-series is currently being processed and is not yet available for research use. Please contact Local History / Special Collections staff for more details.","This sub-series is currently being processed and is not yet available for research use. Please contact Local History / Special Collections staff for more details.","This sub-series contains web-published resources that were created by, or are directly related to, the Alexandria Library in Alexandria, Virginia. This includes the Library website, Library social media accounts, Library blog, and the websites of Library friends' groups.","Website of the Alexandria Library in Alexandria, Virginia","Facebook account of the Alexandria Library in Alexandria, Virginia","Instagram account of the Alexandria Library in Alexandria, Virginia","Twitter account of the Alexandria Library in Alexandria, Virginia","Youtube account of the Alexandria Library in Alexandria, Virginia","Alexandria Library's blog which focuses on adult programs, events, and services including news and updates about the Library's collection, services, resources, and programs for adults","Online donation portal for the Alexandria Library Foundation, Inc. The Alexandria Library Foundation is a non-profit organization which provides funding for the Alexandria Library System in Alexandria, Virginia","Website of the Friends of the Beatley Central Library in Alexandria, Virginia. The Friends are a volunteer organizations which works to promote the interests and programs of the Library","Website of the Friends of Duncan Library. The Friends are a volunteer organization that supports the operations of the Duncan Branch Library, located in the Del Ray neighborhood of Alexandria, Virginia","Intranet website for Alexandria Library staff"],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials relating to the Alexandria Library Board have been moved from MS098 to the Alexandria Library Board Records (MS416).\u003c/p\u003e"],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["Materials relating to the Alexandria Library Board have been moved from MS098 to the Alexandria Library Board Records (MS416)."],"names_coll_ssim":["Alexandria Library Company","Alexandria Library Association (1897-1937)","Alexandria Library Society (1937-1953)","Burke, Ellen Coolidge","Duncan, James M., Jr. (James Morton), 1897-1967","Barrett, Kate Waller, Dr., 1858-1925","Beatley, Charles E., Jr., 1916-2003","Robinson, Robert Henry, Rev. (1824-1909)"],"names_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Alexandria Library (Alexandria, Va.)","Alexandria Library Company","Alexandria Library Association (1897-1937)","Alexandria Library Society (1937-1953)","Burke, Ellen Coolidge","Duncan, James M., Jr. (James Morton), 1897-1967","Barrett, Kate Waller, Dr., 1858-1925","Beatley, Charles E., Jr., 1916-2003","Robinson, Robert Henry, Rev. (1824-1909)"],"corpname_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Alexandria Library (Alexandria, Va.)","Alexandria Library Company","Alexandria Library Association (1897-1937)","Alexandria Library Society (1937-1953)"],"persname_ssim":["Burke, Ellen Coolidge","Duncan, James M., Jr. (James Morton), 1897-1967","Barrett, Kate Waller, Dr., 1858-1925","Beatley, Charles E., Jr., 1916-2003","Robinson, Robert Henry, Rev. (1824-1909)"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":523,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T03:59:46.615Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_157_c01_c05"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1030_c03_c09","type":"Subseries","attributes":{"title":"1980s","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1030_c03_c09#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1030_c03_c09","ref_ssm":["viu_repositories_3_resources_1030_c03_c09"],"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1030_c03_c09","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1030","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1030","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1030_c03","parent_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1030_c03","parent_ssim":["viu_repositories_3_resources_1030","viu_repositories_3_resources_1030_c03"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viu_repositories_3_resources_1030","viu_repositories_3_resources_1030_c03"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Charles M. Robinson and Principals Architectural Records","Architectural drawings"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Charles M. Robinson and Principals Architectural Records","Architectural drawings"],"text":["Charles M. Robinson and Principals Architectural Records","Architectural drawings","1980s"],"title_filing_ssi":"1980s","title_ssm":["1980s"],"title_tesim":["1980s"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1980-1989"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1980/1989"],"normalized_title_ssm":["1980s"],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"collection_ssim":["Charles M. Robinson and Principals Architectural Records"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":94,"level_ssm":["Subseries"],"level_ssim":["Subseries"],"sort_isi":1499,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["This collection has been minimally processed and is available for research. Please note, part of this collection is housed at Ivy Stacks, an off-site storage facility. Requests for materials housed at Ivy Stacks require at least 72 hours' notice."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["This collection contains some in-copyright material. Visit our Permissions and Publishing page (https://www.library.virginia.edu/special-collections/services/publishing) for more information about use of Special Collections materials. The library can provide copyright information upon request, but users are responsible for making their own determination about lawful use of collections materials."],"date_range_isim":[1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989],"_nest_path_":"/components#2/components#8","timestamp":"2026-05-28T16:05:34.006Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1030","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1030","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1030","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1030","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1030.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/121246","title_filing_ssi":"Robinson, Charles M. and Principals Architectural Records","title_ssm":["Charles M. Robinson and Principals Architectural Records"],"title_tesim":["Charles M. Robinson and Principals Architectural Records"],"unitdate_ssm":["Circa 1855-2012"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["Circa 1855-2012"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16518","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1030"],"text":["MSS 16518","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1030","Charles M. Robinson and Principals Architectural Records","Architecture, Modern -- 20th century -- Designs and plans","Architecture, Domestic -- Designs and plans.","Architects and community -- Virginia.","Architects -- Virginia.","Blueprints (reprographic copies)","architectural drawings (visual works)","design drawings","This collection is open for research.","Some of the architectural works are brittle or torn and need to be handled delicately.","Photographic materials need to be handled with proper gloves.","Please note, part of this collection is housed at Ivy Stacks, an off-site storage facility. Requests for materials housed at Ivy Stacks require at least 72 hours' notice.","Folder 93 (drawings for Commission No. 15400) is a custom made oversized folder made from stiff board, and requires specific handling instructions. These instructions are also found on the folder.","To view the drawings untie the knots of the ribbons found on the sides of the folder. After opening the folder, untie knotted ribbon that holds the interior board in place, and then remove the board.","After viewing, place the interior board white side down on top of the curled edge before closing the folder to prevent the blueprint from curling. Then tie horizontal ribbon so the interior board sandwiches the blueprints tightly. Please make sure the blueprint doesn't curl on itself before closing the top flap. Finally, tie the exterior ribbons at the sides of the folder.","This collection has been minimally processed and is available for research. Please note, part of this collection is housed at Ivy Stacks, an off-site storage facility. Requests for materials housed at Ivy Stacks require at least 72 hours' notice.","Due the physical condition of this item, it is housed in a custom made oversized folder made from stiff board, and requires specific handling instructions. These instructions are also found on the folder.","To view the drawings untie the knots of the ribbons found on the sides of the folder. After opening the folder, untie knotted ribbon that holds the interior board in place, and then remove the board.","After viewing, place the interior board white side down on top of the curled edge before closing the folder to prevent the blueprint from curling. Then tie horizontal ribbon so the interior board sandwiches the blueprints tightly. Please make sure the blueprint doesn't curl on itself before closing the top flap. Finally, tie the exterior ribbons at the sides of the folder.","The collection is arranged into four main series: ","Series 1 - Charles M. Robinson records, 1978, 2020, undated","Series 2 -  Office records, 1935-1992, undated","Series 3 - Architectural drawings, 1907-2012","Series 4 - Project photograph files, 1855-1999, undated","Series 2 and 4 are further arranged into large files, and Series 3 is arranged first into subseries, then into files.","The files in Series 2, Office records, are arranged accoring to the significance of the documents to the firm's operations.","In Series 3, Architectural drawings, the subseries are named after each decade, beginning with 1900s and ending with the 2010s. The files below these subseries are project titles arranged in general chronological order grouped together by year.","The files in Series 4, Project photograph files, are arranged alphabetically. ","Charles Morrison Robinson  was born on  March 3, 1867 , in  Hamilton, Loudoun County, Virginia . He was the eldest son of  architect  and builder  James T. Robinson  and  Elizabeth Crockett Robinson . His family relocated to  Welland, Ontario , where he completed his early schooling before beginning architectural training under  D.S. Hopkins  in  Grand Rapids, Michigan , and  John K. Peebles  in  Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania . In  1889 , he formed his first partnership—Smith \u0026 Robinson—in  Altoona, Pennsylvania . He married  Annie Custer  in  1891 , and their son,  Charles Custer Robinson , was born two years later.  ","Following years of practice in Pennsylvania, including partnerships with  George T. Smith ,  R.B. Crockett , and  George Winkler ,  Robinson  returned to  Virginia  in  1906 , establishing Charles M. Robinson, Architect in  Richmond . Robinson became a leading designer for a future comprehensive statewide public school system mandated by Virginia's 1902 Constitution.  ","Between  1906  and  1932 , Robinson's practice produced plans for more than 400 public schools and many university buildings, including commissions in  Richmond ,  Norfolk ,  Newport News ,  Portsmouth , and dozens of rural counties. Robinson's standardized plans were paired with styles ranging from Arts \u0026 Crafts to Collegiate Gothic, Spanish Revival, and Art Deco. His schools featured ample light, logical circulation, and adaptable common spaces. ","In  1908  he won the commission to design the campus of the State Normal School at  Harrisonburg , now James Madison University, designing its first seven buildings and subsequent expansions through 1928. He designed foundational campuses for the institutions now known as the University of Mary Washington, Radford University, and Virginia State University, and oversaw more than sixty major projects for the College of William \u0026 Mary between 1921 and 1931, including the Sunken Garden and numerous residence halls, academic buildings, and the George Preston Blow Gymnasium. ","His practice also extended beyond education. In 1918 he designed the tuberculosis sanitariums (sanatoriums) at  Catawba ,  Burkeville , and  Charlottesville  for the Virginia State Board of Health. In Richmond, he designed civic and commercial structures, including the Times-Dispatch Building, Stuart Circle Hospital, Grace Hospital, St. Elizabeth's Hospital, the Sunday School Building at Ginter Park Methodist Church, and (in partnership with his former apprentice Marcellus Wright, Sr.) the ACCA Shriner Mosque—today the Altria Theater. Residentially, his Laburnum Court development introduced an early twentieth-century model of middle-class housing arranged around a landscaped central park.  ","By the 1920s, Robinson had expanded his firm to include his son Charles Custer Robinson,  Benjamin A. Ruffin , and  John Binford Walford , who became partners in Charles M. Robinson, Architects in 1922. Although Robinson retired to his farm in Hampton in  1926 , he remained professionally active, producing drawings at home and visiting construction sites. Robinson died on  August 20, 1932 , at age 66 in a Norfolk hospital, and the firm was formally dissolved the following day.  ","The practice he founded continued through multiple generations of architects, evolving through successive names—J. Binford Walford, Architect (1932–1946); Walford \u0026 Wright (1946–1962); Wright, Jones \u0026 Wilkerson (1962–1991); Wright, Jones, Wilkerson, Rothschild \u0026 Boynton (1991–1994); and finally Boynton, Rothschild, Rowland (1994–2020). The firm remained active for more than a century before being acquired in 2020.","Reference List:","Arlington County Historical Affairs and Landmark Review Board. (2008, September). Historic District Designation Form. Arlington County Register of Historic Places. https://www.arlingtonva.us/files/sharedassets/public/v/1/projects/documents/wraps_localhistoricdistrictdesignation_wilsonschool_2009.pdf","Ledger-Star, Norfolk, VA. (1932, August 22). Charles M. Robinson Prominent Architect, Dies; Burial Today. Newspapers.com by Ancestry. https://www.newspapers.com/article/ledger-star-charles-m-robinson-prominen/166469428/","Loth, C. (1999). The Virginia Landmarks Register. The University Press of Virginia. https://books.google.com/booksid=NJa_64aH1iMC\u0026q=charles+robinson#v=onepage\u0026q=charles%20robinson\u0026f=false","Morgan, S.W. (2019, September 24). Virginia's Unsung Architect. Richmond Magazine. https://richmondmagazine.com/home/latest/charles-robinson-branch-museum/","Moyer, L. (n.d.). Halls of History. University of Mary Washington Magazine. https://magazine.umw.edu/spring2013/features/halls-of-history/","Preservation Durham. (n.d.). Robinson, Charles M. Open Durham from Preservation Durham. https://www.opendurham.org/people/robinson-charles-m","Robinson, D.B. (n.d.). Charles M. Robinson: A Virginia Architectural History. https://www.charlesmrobinson.com/index.html","United States Department of the Interior National Park Service. (1992, October 31). National Register of Historic Places Multiple Property Documentation Form. Internet rchive Wayback Machine. https://web.archive.org/web/20101111233435/http://www.dhr.virginia.gov/registers/Counties/MultipleCounty/127-0845_PublicSchoolsinRichmondMPS_NPS_final.pdf","Winthrop, R.P. (2015, January 27). Architects of Richmond: Charles M. Robinson. Architecture Richmond. https://architecturerichmond.com/architects-of-richmond-charles-m-robinson/","CONTENT WARNING:\nThis material contains offensive or harmful language. This material contains references to outdated terminology for African Americans, as well as for Native Americans. The terms \"Colored\" and Negro\", in commom parlance when the drawings were created, are used throughout the architectural drawings to refer to Black people. The term \"Indian\" is also used to refer to Native Americans. These terms are primarily found in the titles of architectural drawings. Titles remain as they were found for historical context. The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials.","Some items in this collection sustained damage from pests and/or mold prior to coming to the Library. Preservation staff has frozen and stabilized the items to prevent further damage from pests or mold and cleaned the items to facilitate handling. 10/20/23","The commission number for this set of drawings is the same as the number for the \"John W. Daniel School, Newport News Schools, VA, 1913\" drawings. However, there is no indication of the projects being related.","The commission number for this set of drawings is the same as the number for the \"Eastville High School, Northampton County, VA, 1913\" drawings. However, there is no indication of the projects being related.","The Charles M. Robinson and Principals Architectural Records consist of materials about Charles M. Robinson, and the office records, architectural and design plans, and project photograph files of the Charles M. Robinson, Architect firm and successor firms. The materials document the business operations of the firms, as well as their role in developing the city of Richmond, VA, and in developing various institutions and organizations across the state of Virginia. The works in this collection also demonstrate the significance of the firm's activities on communities in these areas. It is divided into four series. ","Series 1, Charles M. Robinson Files (1978, 2020, undated; 1 folder), includes copies of documents about Charles M. Robinson, such as a copy of his Architecture License. There is also a copy of a short essay about Robinson's role in the construction of the ACCA Shrine, now known as the Altria Theater. ","Series 2, Office records (circa 1935-1992, undated; 18 folders), includes office records, which are arranged in decreasing order of their significance/functionality to the firm's operations. Most notably are the lists of commissions, index to the architectural drawings, and the commission notes. These records cover the majority of the timeline following Robinson's death. ","Series 3, Architectural drawings (1907-2012, undated; 3 oversized boxes, 93 flat file folders, 4 tubes, 1457 tube boxes), the largest part of this collection, consists of the firm's architectural drawings and design plans, as well as the drawings and plans Robinson created in his role as the official school board architect for several cities and counties in Virginia, and as an architect for the Virginia State Board of Health. They span more than a century beginning in 1907 and ending in 2012 and represent over 1600 projects.   ","Included are drawings, designs, and plans for educational institutions, hospitals, churches, offices, retail stores, private residences, and plots across the state of Virginia. The series also includes topographic maps and site studies. There are original designs, proposed designs, voided designs, additions, alterations, and renovations. The designs are comprehensive, and include work on interiors and exteriors, plumbing and ventilation systems, and landscape works. ","Primary, secondary, and post-secondary schools in locations across Virginia are very well represented by the plans in this collection. More well-known post-secondary educational institutions include the College of William and Mary, James Madison University, Raford University, University of Mary Washington, George Mason University, and Virginia Commonwealth University. However, the number of primary and secondary schools represented in the collection is even greater. ","Of particular significance are the designs and plans the firm created for educational institutions for students from underrepresented, historically oppressed, and marginalized groups. These include the Virginia School for the Deaf and Blind, the Virginia State University, the nation's first fully-state supported four-year post-secondary learning institution for Black Americans, and the HBCUs Norfolk State University and Virginia Union University. ","The works that Robinson completed as an architect for the Virginia State Board of Health include plans and designs for the Catawba, Blue Ridge, and Piedmont Tuberculosis sanitoriums (rehabilitation center, hospice, etc.). Robinson's work in this role also affected the lives of people from underrepresented groups, as the Piedmont institution was developed specifically for the care of Black residents of Virginia. ","Series 4, Project photograph files (circa 1855-1999, undated; 9 boxes, 15 folders), includes many of the project photograph files from the architectural firm. Although there are some items from Robinson's time with the firm, the large majority are dated and document the projects from after his death on August 20, 1932. The photograph file index introduces the rest of the series, which includes prints, negatives, photo documentation from John Binford Walford and Oscar Pendleton Wright's photograph albums, and undated presentation photos. ","Dates: 1907 – 2012, bulk date 1907-1995  ","This series consists of architectural rolls that contain drawings, designs, and plans of educational institutions, hospitals, churches, offices, retail stores, and private residences across the state of Virginia. The series also includes rolls that hold topographic maps, plot and general layouts, and site studies. The drawings comprise original designs, proposed designs, voided designs, additions, alterations, and renovations. The designs are comprehensive, and include work on interiors and exteriors, plumbing and ventilation systems, and landscape works. For a detailed inventory of the drawings, please see the Charles M. Robinson architectural records drawing inventory in the External Documents field.","This collection contains some in-copyright material. Visit our Permissions and Publishing page (https://www.library.virginia.edu/special-collections/services/publishing) for more information about use of Special Collections materials. The library can provide copyright information upon request, but users are responsible for making their own determination about lawful use of collections materials.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Robinson","Robinson, Charles  M. (Morrison), 1867-1932","Charles Morrison Robinson","James T. Robinson","Elizabeth Crockett Robinson","D.S. Hopkins","John K. Peebles","Annie Custer","Charles Custer Robinson","George T. Smith","R.B. Crockett","George Winkler","Benjamin A. Ruffin","John Binford Walford","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16518","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1030"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Charles M. Robinson and Principals Architectural Records"],"collection_title_tesim":["Charles M. Robinson and Principals Architectural Records"],"collection_ssim":["Charles M. Robinson and Principals Architectural Records"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_ssm":["Robinson, Charles  M. (Morrison), 1867-1932"],"creator_ssim":["Robinson, Charles  M. (Morrison), 1867-1932"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Robinson, Charles  M. (Morrison), 1867-1932"],"creators_ssim":["Robinson, Charles  M. (Morrison), 1867-1932"],"access_terms_ssm":["This collection contains some in-copyright material. Visit our Permissions and Publishing page (https://www.library.virginia.edu/special-collections/services/publishing) for more information about use of Special Collections materials. The library can provide copyright information upon request, but users are responsible for making their own determination about lawful use of collections materials."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Purchased from David Robinson, 2021-03-31"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Architecture, Modern -- 20th century -- Designs and plans","Architecture, Domestic -- Designs and plans.","Architects and community -- Virginia.","Architects -- Virginia.","Blueprints (reprographic copies)","architectural drawings (visual works)","design drawings"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Architecture, Modern -- 20th century -- Designs and plans","Architecture, Domestic -- Designs and plans.","Architects and community -- Virginia.","Architects -- Virginia.","Blueprints (reprographic copies)","architectural drawings (visual works)","design drawings"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["278.62 Cubic Feet 1768 rolls of architectural drawings housed in 1458 tube boxes, 4 tube rolls, 93 oversized flat file folders, and 2 oversized flat boxes. 11 legal document boxes, 1 oversized flat box, and 9 oversized flat folders of records"],"extent_tesim":["278.62 Cubic Feet 1768 rolls of architectural drawings housed in 1458 tube boxes, 4 tube rolls, 93 oversized flat file folders, and 2 oversized flat boxes. 11 legal document boxes, 1 oversized flat box, and 9 oversized flat folders of records"],"genreform_ssim":["Blueprints (reprographic copies)","architectural drawings (visual works)","design drawings"],"date_range_isim":[1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSome of the architectural works are brittle or torn and need to be handled delicately.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePhotographic materials need to be handled with proper gloves.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePlease note, part of this collection is housed at Ivy Stacks, an off-site storage facility. Requests for materials housed at Ivy Stacks require at least 72 hours' notice.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFolder 93 (drawings for Commission No. 15400) is a custom made oversized folder made from stiff board, and requires specific handling instructions. These instructions are also found on the folder.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTo view the drawings untie the knots of the ribbons found on the sides of the folder. After opening the folder, untie knotted ribbon that holds the interior board in place, and then remove the board.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAfter viewing, place the interior board white side down on top of the curled edge before closing the folder to prevent the blueprint from curling. Then tie horizontal ribbon so the interior board sandwiches the blueprints tightly. Please make sure the blueprint doesn't curl on itself before closing the top flap. Finally, tie the exterior ribbons at the sides of the folder.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis collection has been minimally processed and is available for research. Please note, part of this collection is housed at Ivy Stacks, an off-site storage facility. Requests for materials housed at Ivy Stacks require at least 72 hours' notice.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDue the physical condition of this item, it is housed in a custom made oversized folder made from stiff board, and requires specific handling instructions. These instructions are also found on the folder.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTo view the drawings untie the knots of the ribbons found on the sides of the folder. After opening the folder, untie knotted ribbon that holds the interior board in place, and then remove the board.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAfter viewing, place the interior board white side down on top of the curled edge before closing the folder to prevent the blueprint from curling. Then tie horizontal ribbon so the interior board sandwiches the blueprints tightly. Please make sure the blueprint doesn't curl on itself before closing the top flap. Finally, tie the exterior ribbons at the sides of the folder.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access","Physical Access","Conditions Governing Access","Physical Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open for research.","Some of the architectural works are brittle or torn and need to be handled delicately.","Photographic materials need to be handled with proper gloves.","Please note, part of this collection is housed at Ivy Stacks, an off-site storage facility. Requests for materials housed at Ivy Stacks require at least 72 hours' notice.","Folder 93 (drawings for Commission No. 15400) is a custom made oversized folder made from stiff board, and requires specific handling instructions. These instructions are also found on the folder.","To view the drawings untie the knots of the ribbons found on the sides of the folder. After opening the folder, untie knotted ribbon that holds the interior board in place, and then remove the board.","After viewing, place the interior board white side down on top of the curled edge before closing the folder to prevent the blueprint from curling. Then tie horizontal ribbon so the interior board sandwiches the blueprints tightly. Please make sure the blueprint doesn't curl on itself before closing the top flap. Finally, tie the exterior ribbons at the sides of the folder.","This collection has been minimally processed and is available for research. Please note, part of this collection is housed at Ivy Stacks, an off-site storage facility. Requests for materials housed at Ivy Stacks require at least 72 hours' notice.","Due the physical condition of this item, it is housed in a custom made oversized folder made from stiff board, and requires specific handling instructions. These instructions are also found on the folder.","To view the drawings untie the knots of the ribbons found on the sides of the folder. After opening the folder, untie knotted ribbon that holds the interior board in place, and then remove the board.","After viewing, place the interior board white side down on top of the curled edge before closing the folder to prevent the blueprint from curling. Then tie horizontal ribbon so the interior board sandwiches the blueprints tightly. Please make sure the blueprint doesn't curl on itself before closing the top flap. Finally, tie the exterior ribbons at the sides of the folder."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged into four main series: \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1 - Charles M. Robinson records, 1978, 2020, undated\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2 -  Office records, 1935-1992, undated\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 3 - Architectural drawings, 1907-2012\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 4 - Project photograph files, 1855-1999, undated\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2 and 4 are further arranged into large files, and Series 3 is arranged first into subseries, then into files.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe files in Series 2, Office records, are arranged accoring to the significance of the documents to the firm's operations.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn Series 3, Architectural drawings, the subseries are named after each decade, beginning with 1900s and ending with the 2010s. The files below these subseries are project titles arranged in general chronological order grouped together by year.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe files in Series 4, Project photograph files, are arranged alphabetically. \u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged into four main series: ","Series 1 - Charles M. Robinson records, 1978, 2020, undated","Series 2 -  Office records, 1935-1992, undated","Series 3 - Architectural drawings, 1907-2012","Series 4 - Project photograph files, 1855-1999, undated","Series 2 and 4 are further arranged into large files, and Series 3 is arranged first into subseries, then into files.","The files in Series 2, Office records, are arranged accoring to the significance of the documents to the firm's operations.","In Series 3, Architectural drawings, the subseries are named after each decade, beginning with 1900s and ending with the 2010s. The files below these subseries are project titles arranged in general chronological order grouped together by year.","The files in Series 4, Project photograph files, are arranged alphabetically. "],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cpersname\u003eCharles Morrison Robinson\u003c/persname\u003e was born on \u003cdate\u003eMarch 3, 1867\u003c/date\u003e, in \u003cgeogname\u003eHamilton, Loudoun County, Virginia\u003c/geogname\u003e. He was the eldest son of \u003coccupation\u003earchitect\u003c/occupation\u003e and builder \u003cpersname\u003eJames T. Robinson\u003c/persname\u003e and \u003cpersname\u003eElizabeth Crockett Robinson\u003c/persname\u003e. His family relocated to \u003cgeogname\u003eWelland, Ontario\u003c/geogname\u003e, where he completed his early schooling before beginning architectural training under \u003cpersname\u003eD.S. Hopkins\u003c/persname\u003e in \u003cgeogname\u003eGrand Rapids, Michigan\u003c/geogname\u003e, and \u003cpersname\u003eJohn K. Peebles\u003c/persname\u003e in \u003cgeogname\u003ePittsburgh, Pennsylvania\u003c/geogname\u003e. In \u003cdate\u003e1889\u003c/date\u003e, he formed his first partnership—Smith \u0026amp; Robinson—in \u003cgeogname\u003eAltoona, Pennsylvania\u003c/geogname\u003e. He married \u003cpersname\u003eAnnie Custer\u003c/persname\u003e in \u003cdate\u003e1891\u003c/date\u003e, and their son, \u003cpersname\u003eCharles Custer Robinson\u003c/persname\u003e, was born two years later.  \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFollowing years of practice in Pennsylvania, including partnerships with \u003cpersname\u003eGeorge T. Smith\u003c/persname\u003e, \u003cpersname\u003eR.B. Crockett\u003c/persname\u003e, and \u003cpersname\u003eGeorge Winkler\u003c/persname\u003e, \u003cfamname\u003eRobinson\u003c/famname\u003e returned to \u003cgeogname\u003eVirginia\u003c/geogname\u003e in \u003cdate\u003e1906\u003c/date\u003e, establishing Charles M. Robinson, Architect in \u003cgeogname\u003eRichmond\u003c/geogname\u003e. Robinson became a leading designer for a future comprehensive statewide public school system mandated by Virginia's 1902 Constitution.  \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBetween \u003cdate\u003e1906\u003c/date\u003e and \u003cdate\u003e1932\u003c/date\u003e, Robinson's practice produced plans for more than 400 public schools and many university buildings, including commissions in \u003cgeogname\u003eRichmond\u003c/geogname\u003e, \u003cgeogname\u003eNorfolk\u003c/geogname\u003e, \u003cgeogname\u003eNewport News\u003c/geogname\u003e, \u003cgeogname\u003ePortsmouth\u003c/geogname\u003e, and dozens of rural counties. Robinson's standardized plans were paired with styles ranging from Arts \u0026amp; Crafts to Collegiate Gothic, Spanish Revival, and Art Deco. His schools featured ample light, logical circulation, and adaptable common spaces. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn \u003cdate\u003e1908\u003c/date\u003e he won the commission to design the campus of the State Normal School at \u003cgeogname\u003eHarrisonburg\u003c/geogname\u003e, now James Madison University, designing its first seven buildings and subsequent expansions through 1928. He designed foundational campuses for the institutions now known as the University of Mary Washington, Radford University, and Virginia State University, and oversaw more than sixty major projects for the College of William \u0026amp; Mary between 1921 and 1931, including the Sunken Garden and numerous residence halls, academic buildings, and the George Preston Blow Gymnasium. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHis practice also extended beyond education. In 1918 he designed the tuberculosis sanitariums (sanatoriums) at \u003cgeogname\u003eCatawba\u003c/geogname\u003e, \u003cgeogname\u003eBurkeville\u003c/geogname\u003e, and \u003cgeogname\u003eCharlottesville\u003c/geogname\u003e for the Virginia State Board of Health. In Richmond, he designed civic and commercial structures, including the Times-Dispatch Building, Stuart Circle Hospital, Grace Hospital, St. Elizabeth's Hospital, the Sunday School Building at Ginter Park Methodist Church, and (in partnership with his former apprentice Marcellus Wright, Sr.) the ACCA Shriner Mosque—today the Altria Theater. Residentially, his Laburnum Court development introduced an early twentieth-century model of middle-class housing arranged around a landscaped central park.  \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBy the 1920s, Robinson had expanded his firm to include his son Charles Custer Robinson, \u003cpersname\u003eBenjamin A. Ruffin\u003c/persname\u003e, and \u003cpersname\u003eJohn Binford Walford\u003c/persname\u003e, who became partners in Charles M. Robinson, Architects in 1922. Although Robinson retired to his farm in Hampton in \u003cdate\u003e1926\u003c/date\u003e, he remained professionally active, producing drawings at home and visiting construction sites. Robinson died on \u003cdate\u003eAugust 20, 1932\u003c/date\u003e, at age 66 in a Norfolk hospital, and the firm was formally dissolved the following day.  \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe practice he founded continued through multiple generations of architects, evolving through successive names—J. Binford Walford, Architect (1932–1946); Walford \u0026amp; Wright (1946–1962); Wright, Jones \u0026amp; Wilkerson (1962–1991); Wright, Jones, Wilkerson, Rothschild \u0026amp; Boynton (1991–1994); and finally Boynton, Rothschild, Rowland (1994–2020). The firm remained active for more than a century before being acquired in 2020.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReference List:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eArlington County Historical Affairs and Landmark Review Board. (2008, September). Historic District Designation Form. Arlington County Register of Historic Places. https://www.arlingtonva.us/files/sharedassets/public/v/1/projects/documents/wraps_localhistoricdistrictdesignation_wilsonschool_2009.pdf\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eLedger-Star, Norfolk, VA. (1932, August 22). Charles M. Robinson Prominent Architect, Dies; Burial Today. Newspapers.com by Ancestry. https://www.newspapers.com/article/ledger-star-charles-m-robinson-prominen/166469428/\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eLoth, C. (1999). The Virginia Landmarks Register. The University Press of Virginia. https://books.google.com/booksid=NJa_64aH1iMC\u0026amp;q=charles+robinson#v=onepage\u0026amp;q=charles%20robinson\u0026amp;f=false\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMorgan, S.W. (2019, September 24). Virginia's Unsung Architect. Richmond Magazine. https://richmondmagazine.com/home/latest/charles-robinson-branch-museum/\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMoyer, L. (n.d.). Halls of History. University of Mary Washington Magazine. https://magazine.umw.edu/spring2013/features/halls-of-history/\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePreservation Durham. (n.d.). Robinson, Charles M. Open Durham from Preservation Durham. https://www.opendurham.org/people/robinson-charles-m\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eRobinson, D.B. (n.d.). Charles M. Robinson: A Virginia Architectural History. https://www.charlesmrobinson.com/index.html\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eUnited States Department of the Interior National Park Service. (1992, October 31). National Register of Historic Places Multiple Property Documentation Form. Internet rchive Wayback Machine. https://web.archive.org/web/20101111233435/http://www.dhr.virginia.gov/registers/Counties/MultipleCounty/127-0845_PublicSchoolsinRichmondMPS_NPS_final.pdf\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWinthrop, R.P. (2015, January 27). Architects of Richmond: Charles M. Robinson. Architecture Richmond. https://architecturerichmond.com/architects-of-richmond-charles-m-robinson/\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Charles Morrison Robinson  was born on  March 3, 1867 , in  Hamilton, Loudoun County, Virginia . He was the eldest son of  architect  and builder  James T. Robinson  and  Elizabeth Crockett Robinson . His family relocated to  Welland, Ontario , where he completed his early schooling before beginning architectural training under  D.S. Hopkins  in  Grand Rapids, Michigan , and  John K. Peebles  in  Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania . In  1889 , he formed his first partnership—Smith \u0026 Robinson—in  Altoona, Pennsylvania . He married  Annie Custer  in  1891 , and their son,  Charles Custer Robinson , was born two years later.  ","Following years of practice in Pennsylvania, including partnerships with  George T. Smith ,  R.B. Crockett , and  George Winkler ,  Robinson  returned to  Virginia  in  1906 , establishing Charles M. Robinson, Architect in  Richmond . Robinson became a leading designer for a future comprehensive statewide public school system mandated by Virginia's 1902 Constitution.  ","Between  1906  and  1932 , Robinson's practice produced plans for more than 400 public schools and many university buildings, including commissions in  Richmond ,  Norfolk ,  Newport News ,  Portsmouth , and dozens of rural counties. Robinson's standardized plans were paired with styles ranging from Arts \u0026 Crafts to Collegiate Gothic, Spanish Revival, and Art Deco. His schools featured ample light, logical circulation, and adaptable common spaces. ","In  1908  he won the commission to design the campus of the State Normal School at  Harrisonburg , now James Madison University, designing its first seven buildings and subsequent expansions through 1928. He designed foundational campuses for the institutions now known as the University of Mary Washington, Radford University, and Virginia State University, and oversaw more than sixty major projects for the College of William \u0026 Mary between 1921 and 1931, including the Sunken Garden and numerous residence halls, academic buildings, and the George Preston Blow Gymnasium. ","His practice also extended beyond education. In 1918 he designed the tuberculosis sanitariums (sanatoriums) at  Catawba ,  Burkeville , and  Charlottesville  for the Virginia State Board of Health. In Richmond, he designed civic and commercial structures, including the Times-Dispatch Building, Stuart Circle Hospital, Grace Hospital, St. Elizabeth's Hospital, the Sunday School Building at Ginter Park Methodist Church, and (in partnership with his former apprentice Marcellus Wright, Sr.) the ACCA Shriner Mosque—today the Altria Theater. Residentially, his Laburnum Court development introduced an early twentieth-century model of middle-class housing arranged around a landscaped central park.  ","By the 1920s, Robinson had expanded his firm to include his son Charles Custer Robinson,  Benjamin A. Ruffin , and  John Binford Walford , who became partners in Charles M. Robinson, Architects in 1922. Although Robinson retired to his farm in Hampton in  1926 , he remained professionally active, producing drawings at home and visiting construction sites. Robinson died on  August 20, 1932 , at age 66 in a Norfolk hospital, and the firm was formally dissolved the following day.  ","The practice he founded continued through multiple generations of architects, evolving through successive names—J. Binford Walford, Architect (1932–1946); Walford \u0026 Wright (1946–1962); Wright, Jones \u0026 Wilkerson (1962–1991); Wright, Jones, Wilkerson, Rothschild \u0026 Boynton (1991–1994); and finally Boynton, Rothschild, Rowland (1994–2020). The firm remained active for more than a century before being acquired in 2020.","Reference List:","Arlington County Historical Affairs and Landmark Review Board. (2008, September). Historic District Designation Form. Arlington County Register of Historic Places. https://www.arlingtonva.us/files/sharedassets/public/v/1/projects/documents/wraps_localhistoricdistrictdesignation_wilsonschool_2009.pdf","Ledger-Star, Norfolk, VA. (1932, August 22). Charles M. Robinson Prominent Architect, Dies; Burial Today. Newspapers.com by Ancestry. https://www.newspapers.com/article/ledger-star-charles-m-robinson-prominen/166469428/","Loth, C. (1999). The Virginia Landmarks Register. The University Press of Virginia. https://books.google.com/booksid=NJa_64aH1iMC\u0026q=charles+robinson#v=onepage\u0026q=charles%20robinson\u0026f=false","Morgan, S.W. (2019, September 24). Virginia's Unsung Architect. Richmond Magazine. https://richmondmagazine.com/home/latest/charles-robinson-branch-museum/","Moyer, L. (n.d.). Halls of History. University of Mary Washington Magazine. https://magazine.umw.edu/spring2013/features/halls-of-history/","Preservation Durham. (n.d.). Robinson, Charles M. Open Durham from Preservation Durham. https://www.opendurham.org/people/robinson-charles-m","Robinson, D.B. (n.d.). Charles M. Robinson: A Virginia Architectural History. https://www.charlesmrobinson.com/index.html","United States Department of the Interior National Park Service. (1992, October 31). National Register of Historic Places Multiple Property Documentation Form. Internet rchive Wayback Machine. https://web.archive.org/web/20101111233435/http://www.dhr.virginia.gov/registers/Counties/MultipleCounty/127-0845_PublicSchoolsinRichmondMPS_NPS_final.pdf","Winthrop, R.P. (2015, January 27). Architects of Richmond: Charles M. Robinson. Architecture Richmond. https://architecturerichmond.com/architects-of-richmond-charles-m-robinson/"],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCONTENT WARNING:\nThis material contains offensive or harmful language. This material contains references to outdated terminology for African Americans, as well as for Native Americans. The terms \"Colored\" and Negro\", in commom parlance when the drawings were created, are used throughout the architectural drawings to refer to Black people. The term \"Indian\" is also used to refer to Native Americans. These terms are primarily found in the titles of architectural drawings. Titles remain as they were found for historical context. The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSome items in this collection sustained damage from pests and/or mold prior to coming to the Library. Preservation staff has frozen and stabilized the items to prevent further damage from pests or mold and cleaned the items to facilitate handling. 10/20/23\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe commission number for this set of drawings is the same as the number for the \"John W. Daniel School, Newport News Schools, VA, 1913\" drawings. However, there is no indication of the projects being related.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe commission number for this set of drawings is the same as the number for the \"Eastville High School, Northampton County, VA, 1913\" drawings. However, there is no indication of the projects being related.\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Content Warning","Conservation and Preservation","General","General"],"odd_tesim":["CONTENT WARNING:\nThis material contains offensive or harmful language. This material contains references to outdated terminology for African Americans, as well as for Native Americans. The terms \"Colored\" and Negro\", in commom parlance when the drawings were created, are used throughout the architectural drawings to refer to Black people. The term \"Indian\" is also used to refer to Native Americans. These terms are primarily found in the titles of architectural drawings. Titles remain as they were found for historical context. The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials.","Some items in this collection sustained damage from pests and/or mold prior to coming to the Library. Preservation staff has frozen and stabilized the items to prevent further damage from pests or mold and cleaned the items to facilitate handling. 10/20/23","The commission number for this set of drawings is the same as the number for the \"John W. Daniel School, Newport News Schools, VA, 1913\" drawings. However, there is no indication of the projects being related.","The commission number for this set of drawings is the same as the number for the \"Eastville High School, Northampton County, VA, 1913\" drawings. However, there is no indication of the projects being related."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16518, Charles M. Robinson and Principals Architectural Records, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16518, Charles M. Robinson and Principals Architectural Records, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Charles M. Robinson and Principals Architectural Records consist of materials about Charles M. Robinson, and the office records, architectural and design plans, and project photograph files of the Charles M. Robinson, Architect firm and successor firms. The materials document the business operations of the firms, as well as their role in developing the city of Richmond, VA, and in developing various institutions and organizations across the state of Virginia. The works in this collection also demonstrate the significance of the firm's activities on communities in these areas. It is divided into four series. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1, Charles M. Robinson Files (1978, 2020, undated; 1 folder), includes copies of documents about Charles M. Robinson, such as a copy of his Architecture License. There is also a copy of a short essay about Robinson's role in the construction of the ACCA Shrine, now known as the Altria Theater. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2, Office records (circa 1935-1992, undated; 18 folders), includes office records, which are arranged in decreasing order of their significance/functionality to the firm's operations. Most notably are the lists of commissions, index to the architectural drawings, and the commission notes. These records cover the majority of the timeline following Robinson's death. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 3, Architectural drawings (1907-2012, undated; 3 oversized boxes, 93 flat file folders, 4 tubes, 1457 tube boxes), the largest part of this collection, consists of the firm's architectural drawings and design plans, as well as the drawings and plans Robinson created in his role as the official school board architect for several cities and counties in Virginia, and as an architect for the Virginia State Board of Health. They span more than a century beginning in 1907 and ending in 2012 and represent over 1600 projects.   \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIncluded are drawings, designs, and plans for educational institutions, hospitals, churches, offices, retail stores, private residences, and plots across the state of Virginia. The series also includes topographic maps and site studies. There are original designs, proposed designs, voided designs, additions, alterations, and renovations. The designs are comprehensive, and include work on interiors and exteriors, plumbing and ventilation systems, and landscape works. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePrimary, secondary, and post-secondary schools in locations across Virginia are very well represented by the plans in this collection. More well-known post-secondary educational institutions include the College of William and Mary, James Madison University, Raford University, University of Mary Washington, George Mason University, and Virginia Commonwealth University. However, the number of primary and secondary schools represented in the collection is even greater. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOf particular significance are the designs and plans the firm created for educational institutions for students from underrepresented, historically oppressed, and marginalized groups. These include the Virginia School for the Deaf and Blind, the Virginia State University, the nation's first fully-state supported four-year post-secondary learning institution for Black Americans, and the HBCUs Norfolk State University and Virginia Union University. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe works that Robinson completed as an architect for the Virginia State Board of Health include plans and designs for the Catawba, Blue Ridge, and Piedmont Tuberculosis sanitoriums (rehabilitation center, hospice, etc.). Robinson's work in this role also affected the lives of people from underrepresented groups, as the Piedmont institution was developed specifically for the care of Black residents of Virginia. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 4, Project photograph files (circa 1855-1999, undated; 9 boxes, 15 folders), includes many of the project photograph files from the architectural firm. Although there are some items from Robinson's time with the firm, the large majority are dated and document the projects from after his death on August 20, 1932. The photograph file index introduces the rest of the series, which includes prints, negatives, photo documentation from John Binford Walford and Oscar Pendleton Wright's photograph albums, and undated presentation photos. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDates: 1907 – 2012, bulk date 1907-1995  \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis series consists of architectural rolls that contain drawings, designs, and plans of educational institutions, hospitals, churches, offices, retail stores, and private residences across the state of Virginia. The series also includes rolls that hold topographic maps, plot and general layouts, and site studies. The drawings comprise original designs, proposed designs, voided designs, additions, alterations, and renovations. The designs are comprehensive, and include work on interiors and exteriors, plumbing and ventilation systems, and landscape works. For a detailed inventory of the drawings, please see the Charles M. Robinson architectural records drawing inventory in the External Documents field.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Charles M. Robinson and Principals Architectural Records consist of materials about Charles M. Robinson, and the office records, architectural and design plans, and project photograph files of the Charles M. Robinson, Architect firm and successor firms. The materials document the business operations of the firms, as well as their role in developing the city of Richmond, VA, and in developing various institutions and organizations across the state of Virginia. The works in this collection also demonstrate the significance of the firm's activities on communities in these areas. It is divided into four series. ","Series 1, Charles M. Robinson Files (1978, 2020, undated; 1 folder), includes copies of documents about Charles M. Robinson, such as a copy of his Architecture License. There is also a copy of a short essay about Robinson's role in the construction of the ACCA Shrine, now known as the Altria Theater. ","Series 2, Office records (circa 1935-1992, undated; 18 folders), includes office records, which are arranged in decreasing order of their significance/functionality to the firm's operations. Most notably are the lists of commissions, index to the architectural drawings, and the commission notes. These records cover the majority of the timeline following Robinson's death. ","Series 3, Architectural drawings (1907-2012, undated; 3 oversized boxes, 93 flat file folders, 4 tubes, 1457 tube boxes), the largest part of this collection, consists of the firm's architectural drawings and design plans, as well as the drawings and plans Robinson created in his role as the official school board architect for several cities and counties in Virginia, and as an architect for the Virginia State Board of Health. They span more than a century beginning in 1907 and ending in 2012 and represent over 1600 projects.   ","Included are drawings, designs, and plans for educational institutions, hospitals, churches, offices, retail stores, private residences, and plots across the state of Virginia. The series also includes topographic maps and site studies. There are original designs, proposed designs, voided designs, additions, alterations, and renovations. The designs are comprehensive, and include work on interiors and exteriors, plumbing and ventilation systems, and landscape works. ","Primary, secondary, and post-secondary schools in locations across Virginia are very well represented by the plans in this collection. More well-known post-secondary educational institutions include the College of William and Mary, James Madison University, Raford University, University of Mary Washington, George Mason University, and Virginia Commonwealth University. However, the number of primary and secondary schools represented in the collection is even greater. ","Of particular significance are the designs and plans the firm created for educational institutions for students from underrepresented, historically oppressed, and marginalized groups. These include the Virginia School for the Deaf and Blind, the Virginia State University, the nation's first fully-state supported four-year post-secondary learning institution for Black Americans, and the HBCUs Norfolk State University and Virginia Union University. ","The works that Robinson completed as an architect for the Virginia State Board of Health include plans and designs for the Catawba, Blue Ridge, and Piedmont Tuberculosis sanitoriums (rehabilitation center, hospice, etc.). Robinson's work in this role also affected the lives of people from underrepresented groups, as the Piedmont institution was developed specifically for the care of Black residents of Virginia. ","Series 4, Project photograph files (circa 1855-1999, undated; 9 boxes, 15 folders), includes many of the project photograph files from the architectural firm. Although there are some items from Robinson's time with the firm, the large majority are dated and document the projects from after his death on August 20, 1932. The photograph file index introduces the rest of the series, which includes prints, negatives, photo documentation from John Binford Walford and Oscar Pendleton Wright's photograph albums, and undated presentation photos. ","Dates: 1907 – 2012, bulk date 1907-1995  ","This series consists of architectural rolls that contain drawings, designs, and plans of educational institutions, hospitals, churches, offices, retail stores, and private residences across the state of Virginia. The series also includes rolls that hold topographic maps, plot and general layouts, and site studies. The drawings comprise original designs, proposed designs, voided designs, additions, alterations, and renovations. The designs are comprehensive, and include work on interiors and exteriors, plumbing and ventilation systems, and landscape works. For a detailed inventory of the drawings, please see the Charles M. Robinson architectural records drawing inventory in the External Documents field."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains some in-copyright material. Visit our Permissions and Publishing page (https://www.library.virginia.edu/special-collections/services/publishing) for more information about use of Special Collections materials. The library can provide copyright information upon request, but users are responsible for making their own determination about lawful use of collections materials.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["This collection contains some in-copyright material. Visit our Permissions and Publishing page (https://www.library.virginia.edu/special-collections/services/publishing) for more information about use of Special Collections materials. The library can provide copyright information upon request, but users are responsible for making their own determination about lawful use of collections materials."],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Robinson","Robinson, Charles  M. (Morrison), 1867-1932","Charles Morrison Robinson","James T. Robinson","Elizabeth Crockett Robinson","D.S. Hopkins","John K. Peebles","Annie Custer","Charles Custer Robinson","George T. Smith","R.B. Crockett","George Winkler","Benjamin A. Ruffin","John Binford Walford"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"famname_ssim":["Robinson"],"names_coll_ssim":["Robinson, Charles  M. (Morrison), 1867-1932"],"persname_ssim":["Robinson, Charles  M. (Morrison), 1867-1932","Charles Morrison Robinson","James T. Robinson","Elizabeth Crockett Robinson","D.S. Hopkins","John K. Peebles","Annie Custer","Charles Custer Robinson","George T. Smith","R.B. Crockett","George Winkler","Benjamin A. Ruffin","John Binford Walford"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1707,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-28T16:05:34.006Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1030_c03_c09"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_4_resources_1347_c01_c04","type":"Subseries","attributes":{"title":"1988 U.S. Department of State trip to the Soviet Union - planning of the 1989 mission","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_4_resources_1347_c01_c04#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eDr. Roth and Ambassador Schifter's preliminary planning documents for the U.S. mission to the U.S.S.R. in April of 1988.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_4_resources_1347_c01_c04#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viu_repositories_4_resources_1347_c01_c04","ref_ssm":["viu_repositories_4_resources_1347_c01_c04"],"id":"viu_repositories_4_resources_1347_c01_c04","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_4_resources_1347","_root_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_1347","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_1347_c01","parent_ssi":"viu_repositories_4_resources_1347_c01","parent_ssim":["viu_repositories_4_resources_1347","viu_repositories_4_resources_1347_c01"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viu_repositories_4_resources_1347","viu_repositories_4_resources_1347_c01"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Loren Roth papers","Abuse of psychiatry and psychiatrists"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Loren Roth papers","Abuse of psychiatry and psychiatrists"],"text":["Loren Roth papers","Abuse of psychiatry and psychiatrists","1988 U.S. Department of State trip to the Soviet Union - planning of the 1989 mission","Dr. Roth and Ambassador Schifter's preliminary planning documents for the U.S. mission to the U.S.S.R. in April of 1988."],"title_filing_ssi":"1988 U.S. Department of State trip to the Soviet Union - planning of the 1989 mission","title_ssm":["1988 U.S. Department of State trip to the Soviet Union - planning of the 1989 mission"],"title_tesim":["1988 U.S. Department of State trip to the Soviet Union - planning of the 1989 mission"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1984-1991"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1984/1991"],"normalized_title_ssm":["1988 U.S. Department of State trip to the Soviet Union - planning of the 1989 mission"],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"collection_ssim":["Loren Roth papers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":12,"level_ssm":["Subseries"],"level_ssim":["Subseries"],"sort_isi":20,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["There are access restrictions on some of the materials in this series. When a file or item is restricted, an additional note explaining the conditions of access is attached to the file or item description."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The Arthur J. Morris Law Library does not grant researchers permission to publish copies of any of the materials in this collection."],"date_range_isim":[1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDr. Roth and Ambassador Schifter's preliminary planning documents for the U.S. mission to the U.S.S.R. in April of 1988.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Dr. Roth and Ambassador Schifter's preliminary planning documents for the U.S. mission to the U.S.S.R. in April of 1988."],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#3","timestamp":"2026-05-20T23:31:33.580Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_4_resources_1347","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_4_resources_1347","_root_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_1347","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_1347","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_4_resources_1347.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/169336","title_ssm":["Loren Roth papers"],"title_tesim":["Loren Roth papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1950-2022","1974-2022"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1974-2022"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1950-2022"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS.2021.01","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/1347"],"text":["MSS.2021.01","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/1347","Loren Roth papers","Psychiatry -- Soviet Union","Political prisoners -- Soviet Union","Dissenters -- Soviet Union","Researchers may only access and view the materials in this collection onsite and in-person at the University of Virginia Law Library in Charlottesville, Virginia. The following additional restrictions apply to any materials that contain the names of the interviewees of the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the Soviet Union and/or 1991 ad hoc mission to the Soviet Union by the World Psychiatric Association:","1. To obtain access to these records, interested researchers must sign a form to agree not to use, document, or disclose names of the patients or their families, or other identifying information about these persons and to abide by all the provisions specified in the present document. The form is available on site from the responsible official of the UVA Law Library. ","2. These materials may not be copied, photographed, or otherwise reproduced digitally. ","3. Before accessing the requested materials, interested researchers must agree to abide by reasonable administrative, technical, and physical safeguards, as approved by the UVA Law Library, to prevent unauthorized use or disclosure of the information. These procedures shall be followed by all persons associated with the applicant's research project.  ","4. Records in this category are also subject to the following safeguards: (i) Any information that would permit the identification of an individual (names, biographical data, etc.) may not be used, documented, or made public by the researcher, nor will any attempt to contact them be made. However, this does not preclude the researcher from contacting a person in advance of gaining access, for the purpose of obtaining access.  (ii) If a researcher obtains written authorization for access from an interviewee or from his/her legal guardian, the records may be made available to that researcher. (iii) Interviewees themselves may have free access to their own health information if contained in this collection. ","5. If the University of Virginia Law Library discovers that a researcher has violated the confidentiality of information or the conditions of access, the Law Library shall take steps to revoke the research privileges of the researcher and shall consult with University of Virginia legal counsel to prevent further disclosure of the health information.","Finally, different access restrictions may apply to some of the items in  this collection. Whenever possible, archivists have made a note of these restrictions in other parts of the finding aid.","There are access restrictions on some of the materials in this series. When a file or item is restricted, an additional note explaining the conditions of access is attached to the file or item description.","The items in these folders contain sensitive information about the health or treatment of the persons interviewed by the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the Soviet Union. The restrictions on access to these materials are outlined in the Conditions Governing Access note at the collection level of this finding aid.","This file contains sensitive information about the health or treatment of the persons interviewed by the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the Soviet Union. The restrictions on access to these materials are outlined in the Conditions Governing Access note at the collection level of this finding aid.","This file contain sensitive information about the health or treatment of the persons interviewed by the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the Soviet Union. The restrictions on access to these materials are outlined in the Conditions Governing Access note at the collection level of this finding aid.","This file contain sensitive information about the health or treatment of the persons interviewed by the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the Soviet Union. The restrictions on access to these materials are outlined in the Conditions Governing Access note at the collection level of this finding aid.","This file contain sensitive information about the health or treatment of the persons interviewed by the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the Soviet Union. The restrictions on access to these materials are outlined in the Conditions Governing Access note at the collection level of this finding aid.","This file contain sensitive information about the health or treatment of the persons interviewed by the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the Soviet Union. The restrictions on access to these materials are outlined in the Conditions Governing Access note at the collection level of this finding aid.","This file contain sensitive information about the health or treatment of the persons interviewed by the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the Soviet Union. The restrictions on access to these materials are outlined in the Conditions Governing Access note at the collection level of this finding aid.","This file contains sensitive information about the health or treatment of the persons interviewed by the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the Soviet Union. The restrictions on access to these materials are outlined in the Conditions Governing Access note at the collection level of this finding aid.","This file contains sensitive information about the health or treatment of the persons interviewed by the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the Soviet Union. The restrictions on access to these materials are outlined in the Conditions Governing Access note at the collection level of this finding aid.","This file contains sensitive information about the health or treatment of the persons interviewed by the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the Soviet Union. The restrictions on access to these materials are outlined in the Conditions Governing Access note at the collection level of this finding aid.","This file contains sensitive information about the health or treatment of the persons interviewed by the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the Soviet Union. The restrictions on access to these materials are outlined in the Conditions Governing Access note at the collection level of this finding aid.","This file contains sensitive information about the health or treatment of the persons interviewed by the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the Soviet Union. The restrictions on access to these materials are outlined in the Conditions Governing Access note at the collection level of this finding aid.","This file contains sensitive information about the health or treatment of the persons interviewed by the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the Soviet Union. The restrictions on access to these materials are outlined in the Conditions Governing Access note at the collection level of this finding aid.","This file contains sensitive information about the health or treatment of the persons interviewed by the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the Soviet Union. The restrictions on access to these materials are outlined in the Conditions Governing Access note at the collection level of this finding aid.","This file contains sensitive information about the health or treatment of the persons interviewed by the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the Soviet Union. The restrictions on access to these materials are outlined in the Conditions Governing Access note at the collection level of this finding aid.","This file contains sensitive information about the health or treatment of the persons interviewed by the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the Soviet Union. The restrictions on access to these materials are outlined in the Conditions Governing Access note at the collection level of this finding aid.","This file contains sensitive information about the health or treatment of the persons interviewed by the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the Soviet Union. The restrictions on access to these materials are outlined in the Conditions Governing Access note at the collection level of this finding aid.","This file contains sensitive information about the health or treatment of the persons interviewed by the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the Soviet Union. The restrictions on access to these materials are outlined in the Conditions Governing Access note at the collection level of this finding aid.","This file contains sensitive information about the health or treatment of the persons interviewed by the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the Soviet Union. The restrictions on access to these materials are outlined in the Conditions Governing Access note at the collection level of this finding aid.","This file contains sensitive information about the health or treatment of the persons interviewed by the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the Soviet Union. The restrictions on access to these materials are outlined in the Conditions Governing Access note at the collection level of this finding aid.","This file contains sensitive information about the health or treatment of the persons interviewed by the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the Soviet Union. The restrictions on access to these materials are outlined in the Conditions Governing Access note at the collection level of this finding aid.","This file contain sensitive information about the health or treatment of the persons interviewed by the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the Soviet Union. The restrictions on access to these materials are outlined in the Conditions Governing Access note at the collection level of this finding aid.","This file contain sensitive information about the health or treatment of the persons interviewed in the U.S.S.R. The restrictions on access to these materials are outlined in the Conditions Governing Access note at the collection level of this finding aid.","This file contain sensitive information about the health or treatment of the persons interviewed in the U.S.S.R. The restrictions on access to these materials are outlined in the Conditions Governing Access note at the collection level of this finding aid.","This file contain sensitive information about the health or treatment of the persons interviewed in the U.S.S.R. The restrictions on access to these materials are outlined in the Conditions Governing Access note at the collection level of this finding aid.","This file contain sensitive information about the health or treatment of the persons interviewed in the U.S.S.R. The restrictions on access to these materials are outlined in the Conditions Governing Access note at the collection level of this finding aid.","The interviews with the former Soviet patients and the original 1989 recording are restricted and special permissions apply.","Dr. Joseph D. Bloom did not request any additional restrictions on access to this interview beyond those that the University of Virginia has made for all the oral histories from the Soviet Psychiatry Oral History Project (2021-2022).","Kyrill Borissow did not request any additional restrictions on access to this interview beyond those that the University of Virginia has made for all the oral histories from the Soviet Psychiatry Oral History Project (2021-2022).","Dr. William Carpenter did not request any additional restrictions on access to this interview beyond those that the University of Virginia has made for all the oral histories from the Soviet Psychiatry Oral History Project (2021-2022).","Robert William Farrand did not request any additional restrictions on access to this interview beyond those that the University of Virginia has made for all the oral histories from the Soviet Psychiatry Oral History Project (2021-2022).","Dr. Robert Hirschfeld did not request any additional restrictions on access to this interview beyond those that the University of Virginia has made for all the oral histories from the Soviet Psychiatry Oral History Project (2021-2022).","William Hopkins did not request any additional restrictions on access to this interview beyond those that the University of Virginia has made for all the oral histories from the Soviet Psychiatry Oral History Project (2021-2022).","Mr. I. did not request any additional restrictions on access to this interview beyond those that the University of Virginia has made for all the oral histories from the Soviet Psychiatry Oral History Project (2021-2022). However, due to the sensitive nature of the topics covered in the interview, the University of Virginia restricts access according to the guidelines for more sensitive materials outlined in the Conditions Governing Access note at the collection level of this finding aid.","Dr. Samuel Keith did not request any additional restrictions on access to this interview beyond those that the University of Virginia has made for all the oral histories from the Soviet Psychiatry Oral History Project (2021-2022).","Dr. Felix Kleyman did not request any additional restrictions on access to this interview beyond those that the University of Virginia has made for all the oral histories from the Soviet Psychiatry Oral History Project (2021-2022).","Andrey Kovalev did not request any additional restrictions on access to this interview beyond those that the University of Virginia has made for all the oral histories from the Soviet Psychiatry Oral History Project (2021-2022).","Ellen Mercer did not request any additional restrictions on access to this interview beyond those that the University of Virginia has made for all the oral histories from the Soviet Psychiatry Oral History Project (2021-2022).","Dr. John T. Monahan did not request any additional restrictions on access to this interview beyond those that the University of Virginia has made for all the oral histories from the Soviet Psychiatry Oral History Project (2021-2022).","Peter Reddaway did not request any additional restrictions on access to this interview beyond those that the University of Virginia has made for all the oral histories from the Soviet Psychiatry Oral History Project (2021-2022).","Dr. Darrel Regier did not request any additional restrictions on access to this interview beyond those that the University of Virginia has made for all the oral histories from the Soviet Psychiatry Oral History Project (2021-2022).","In addition to the restrictions on access that applies to all the oral histories from the Soviet Psychiatry Oral History Project (2021-2022),  Dr. Loren Roth requested that The University of Virginia only make his interview available to researchers on-site at the repository preserving the interview.","Mr. S. did not request any additional restrictions on access to this interview beyond those that the University of Virginia has made for all the oral histories from the Soviet Psychiatry Oral History Project (2021-2022). However, due to the sensitive nature of the topics covered in the interview, the University of Virginia restricts access to both recordings according to the guidelines for more sensitive materials outlined in the Conditions Governing Access note at the collection level of this finding aid.","Carolyn Smith did not request any additional restrictions on access to this interview beyond those that the University of Virginia has made for all the oral histories from the Soviet Psychiatry Oral History Project (2021-2022).","In addition to the restrictions on access that applies to all the oral histories from the Soviet Psychiatry Oral History Project (2021-2022),  Dr. Leon Stern requested that The University of Virginia only make his interview available to researchers on-site at the repository preserving the interview.","This file contain sensitive information about the health or treatment of persons from the Soviet Union. The restrictions on access to these materials are outlined in the Conditions Governing Access note at the collection level of this finding aid.","This file contain sensitive information about the health or treatment of persons from the Soviet Union. The restrictions on access to these materials are outlined in the Conditions Governing Access note at the collection level of this finding aid.","The files in this series are arranged by subject into 14 sub-series.","The files in this sub-series are arranged in chronological order.","The files in this sub-series are arranged in chronological order.","While it is understood that the misuse of psychiatry for non-medical reasons allegedly started in the U.S.S.R. after the October Revolution of 1917, its widespread and systematic use as a tool to silence political dissent became well-documented during Khrushchev's era. In a 1959 speech attributed to Khrushchev, he allegedly attempted to justify putting dissidents in psychiatric hospitals by saying that only a mentally ill person may be opposed to Communism (1). While there also were \"political\" parts of the R.S.F.S.R. Criminal Code that criminalized anti-Soviet agitation and slander of the Soviet state, psychiatry was often used to isolate dissidents, punish them with psychiatric drugs, discredit their ideas, and avoid criminal law procedures.","The \"Sluggish schizophrenia\" concept developed by academician Snezhnevsky had overly broad diagnostic criteria that allowed the diagnosis of schizophrenia in patients who showed no symptoms, on the assumption that these symptoms would appear later (2). In almost every case, dissidents were examined at the Serbsky Central Research Institute for Forensic Psychiatry.\nInformation about Soviet repressive psychiatry became well-known in the West after 1971 dissident Vladimir Bukovsky smuggled over 150 pages documenting the political abuse of psychiatric institutions in the Soviet Union into the West. The papers were studied by independent psychiatrists in several countries and released to the press (3). \"Bukovsky's papers\" galvanized human rights activists worldwide and those within the Soviet Union.","While the attempt to bring the matter to the official agenda of the World Psychiatric Association (W.P.A.) at their 1971 World Congress in Mexico was unsuccessful, it kept gaining more and more outcry worldwide. So, in 1977, the W.P.A. adopted the Hawaii Declaration – a milestone defining principles of good and ethical medical practice. The All-Union Society of Psychiatrists and Narcologists, the official Soviet professional organization, was bound to withdraw from the W.P.A. at its next Congress in 1983—the allegations of the political abuse of psychiatry inflicted irretrievable damage on the prestige of Soviet medicine.","In 1975, the Soviet Union, the United States, and other countries signed the Helsinki Accords - the key document of the Conference of Security and Cooperation in Europe (C.S.C.E.). The Accords signaled a détente between the East and the West and built the foundation for the end of the Cold War, the U.S.-Soviet disarmament talks, and the \"third basket\" on human rights and freedoms in the Soviet Union.","Mikhail Gorbachev, who became the head of the Soviet Communist Party in 1985, prioritized the improvement of U.S.-Soviet relations. Also, Gorbachev launched the domestic \"perestroika\" (restructuring) and \"glasnost\" (openness) initiatives. These combined foreign and domestic policy developments fostered interest, internally and externally, in the plight of Soviet political prisoners. The Soviet Union released many political prisoners from labor camps, and in April 1987, Secretary Schultz and Soviet Minister of Foreign Affairs Shevardnadze agreed on a human rights dialog (4). As part of this broader dialog, in September 1987, the Soviet representatives began to try to assure their American counterparts that the abuse of psychiatry had ended (5).","Notes:","1. Khrushchev had said this in a speech published in the state newspaper Pravda on 24 May 1959: A crime is a deviation from generally recognized standards of behaviour frequently caused by mental disorder. Can there be diseases, nervous disorders among certain people in a Communist society? Evidently yes. If that is so, then there will also be offences, which are characteristic of people with abnormal minds. Of those who might start calling for opposition to Communism on this basis, we can say that clearly their mental state is not normal.\nKnapp, Martin, et al. Mental Health Policy and Practice Across Europe: The Future Direction of Mental Health Care, McGraw-Hill Education, 2006. ProQuest Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/uva/detail.action?docID=316293.","2. Sfera, Adonis. Can psychiatry be misused again?. Frontiers in Psychiatry. 9 September 2013;(4):101. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2013.00101. PMID 24058348.","3. For more information, see Reddaway, Peter (12 March 1971). \"Plea to West on Soviet 'mad-house' jails\". The Times. p. 8.; Bloch, Sidney; Reddaway, Peter (1984). Soviet Psychiatric Abuse. The Shadow Over World Psychiatry. London: Gollancz.","4. Schifter-Adamishin book, timeline, page xix","5. Id, pages xix and xx","During the late 1980s, U.S.-Soviet discussions about the abuse of psychiatry led to the formation of a special U.S. delegation to the Soviet Union. In February 1989, the U.S.S.R. allowed the delegation to independently assess 27 Soviet citizens believed to have been psychiatrically committed for non-medical reasons. The U.S.S.R. also allowed the delegation to inspect ordinary psychiatric hospitals and other hospitals known as \"psychoprisons.\" The U.S. delegation's psychiatric leader was Dr. Loren Roth of the University of Pittsburgh. The U.S. State Department organized the trip, closely cooperating with the American Psychiatric Association and the National Institute of Mental Health. Their Soviet counterparts were the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The Soviet Ministry of Health and the conservative leadership of Soviet psychiatry, both believed to have been deeply involved in abuse, internally opposed the visit. However, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs overcame this opposition, and their support was critical to the U.S. delegation's success.","The U.S. delegation consisted of leading experts in psychiatry, forensic psychiatry, forensic psychology, law, and Sovietology. Also, it included a representative of the American Psychological Association (A.P.A.), and émigré Soviet psychiatrists living in the United States.","From April 1988 onward, Dr. Loren Roth engaged in extensive negotiations with his Soviet counterparts on the details of the visit. They discussed the list of people (\"patients\") to be assessed by the delegation and the processes for obtaining their consent. There were difficult negotiations over the presence of Soviet psychiatrists during the examinations, and the need to protect the interviewees from potential intimidation and retaliation.","The U.S. delegation advocated for and adopted critical precautions to ensure the transparency of the mission and its findings. They used scientifically developed structural psychiatric interview schedules, brought U.S. interpreters to assist the delegation, avoided sharing the cost of the trip with the Soviet side, collected urine samples to rule out overmedication, videotaped the interviews, and spoke with friends/relatives of those interviewed.","Although there was a significant risk that the Soviet Union would cancel the delegation's visit, it occurred between February and March, 1989. The American team evaluated 27 Soviet citizens and inspected special psychiatric hospitals in Kazan and Chernyakhovsk as well as ordinary psychiatric hospitals in Vilnius and Kaunas.","Among those interviewed by the U.S. team were people still hospitalized, and those who had been previously discharged. The American team was greatly assisted by Mr. Aleksandr \"Sasha\" Podrabinek, the Soviet and, subsequently, Russian dissident. He was an expert on the issue of abuse of psychiatry and author of the 1979 book \"Punitive Medicine\" (see references). Mr. Podrabinek facilitated access to those who had been previously released and claimed to be unavailable by Soviet counterparts.","The U.S. team detailed their conclusions in their final report, \"Assessment of Recent Changes in Soviet Psychiatry\" (available in this collection), which researchers are encouraged to read. The Soviet Union responded officially with its own report.","The 1989 visit laid a foundation for subsequent collaboration between the two countries in the area of mental health. The U.S.-Russia Health Committee met from 1994 to 2000 as a part of a larger Gore-Chernomyrdin Commission. It focused, in particular, on mental health care during disasters and the primary care physician's role in caring for patients with depression.","Shortly after the American mission was over, the W.P.A. congress in Athens decided to provisionally readmit the Soviet All-Union Society after receiving an official, although somewhat vague, admission of the past wrongdoings (covered in detail in On Dissidents and Madness by Robert van Voren). In 1991, the W.P.A. undertook an ad hoc psychiatric inspection of the Soviet Union that Dr. Jim Birley headed. Dr. Loren Roth and other experts who served on the 1989 U.S. State Department mission joined this inspection.","In 1990, a delegation of Soviet psychiatrists and politicians visited the United States for an educational trip to American psychiatric services and scholarly dialogues.","\nResearchers are encouraged to read the resources listed below to gain a better understanding of the historical events surrounding the 1989 delegation:","- the Schizophrenia Bulletin (supplement to Vol 15, # 4, 1989), which contains the brief overview of the reasons, methodology, and findings of the American team in the U.S., the final report of the U.S. delegation both in English and Russian, as well as the Soviet response in both languages (Hyperlink1)\n- The New York Times article \"Accord Is Sought by U.S. And Soviet on Mental Wards\" of May 22, 1988\n- The Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, Volume 49, Number 4, 2021 \"Jonas Rappeport: A Direct, Accomplished AAPL Leader\" by Dr. Loren Roth\n- Report by the World Psychiatric Association Team on the Visit to the Soviet Union, 9-29 June 1991, headed by Dr. Jim Burley\n- Human Rights, Perestroika, and the End of the Cold War co-authored by Anatoly Adamishin and Richard Schifter in 2009","In 2021, three decades after the 1989 trip to assess the conditions of Soviet citizens confined in psychiatric hospitals for political reasons, an oral history project was initiated to document it. Loren H. Roth, Ellen Mercer, and Richard Bonnie, three members of the delegation, had always wanted to evaluate if the mission had had any lasting impact on the lives of the people interviewed and on the quality and ethical integrity of psychiatric care in the countries of the former Soviet Union. The oral history project began in conjunction with the donation of Loren Roth's papers to the University of Virginia School of Law Library. Olena Protsenko, a Ukrainian human rights lawyer, organized Roth's papers and began researching related collections. Richard Bonnie's papers and Saleem Shah's files on the abuse of psychiatry, also part of the University of Virginia Law Library manuscript collections, were essential to the project's development.","Dr. Joseph D. Bloom was one of the few forensic psychiatrists on the 1989 U.S. Department of State Delegation to the Soviet Union to investigate the abuse of psychiatry. Bloom is Dean Emeritus of the Oregon Health and Science University and Clinical Professor at the Department of Psychiatry of the University of Arizona Fenix College of Medicine.","Mr. Borissow is an American of a Russian descend. He was a contract interpreter for the U.S. State Department for many years. During the 1989 trip, he was on the sub-team # 3 under the leadership of Dr. Hirschfeld, interpreting in Leningrad.","Dr. William Carpenter was leader of team #2 of the 1989 American investigative scientific mission to the Soviet Union. He is Professor of Medicine at the University of Maryland School of Medicine and former Director of the Maryland Psychiatric Research Center.","Robert William Farrand retired in 1998 after 34 years in the U.S. Foreign Service. He served as Ambassador to Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, and Vanuatu from 1990 until 1993. ","In 1988-89 he led the U.S. delegation of medical and forensic professionals to investigate the Soviet Union's political weaponizing of psychiatry, for which he received a Superior Honor Award.","Farrand was concurrently Supervisor of the Bosnian city of Brčko and Deputy High Representative for the northern sector of Bosnia and Herzegovina (1997 to 2000).  ","Dr. Robert Hirschfeld is Professor of Psychiatry at Weill Cornell Medical College. He was the team leader of team # 3 during the 1989 psychiatric delegation to the U.S.S.R.","Mr. William Hopkins is a retired U.S. State Department staff interpreter. During the 1989 U.S. psychiatric mission to the USSR, he interpreted for team # 2 under the leadership of Dr. William Carpenter.","Mr. I. is a Soviet/Ukrainian dissident who was repeatedly involuntarily committed to a psychiatric hospital for political reasons. He was one of the people interviewed by the U.S. State Department investigative psychiatric mission to the U.S.S.R. in 1989.","Dr. Keith is the Emeritus Milton Rosenbaum Professor of Psychiatry and Psychology at the University of New Mexico School of Medicine. He was a Deputy Director and Associate Director for Schizophrenia Programs at the NIMH as of 1989. He was the team leader of team # 1 during the 1989 psychiatric delegation to the U.S.S.R.","Dr. Felix Kleyman is a psychiatrist practicing in New York City. At the time of the 1989 U.S. State Department mission to the Soviet Union to investigate abuse of psychiatry, Dr. Kleyman was an assistant clinical professor of psychiatry at New York Medical College. Dr. Kleyman was one of the few Russian-speaking, U.S.S.R. and U.S.-trained psychiatrists on the American team. Dr. Kleyman was also a member of the 1991 W.P.A.  mission to the Soviet Union once the All-Union Society of Psychiatrists and Narcologists was provisionally readmitted to the W.P.A.","As of 1989, Mr. Kovalev was a Senior Advisor of the Department for International Humanitarian and Cultural Relations at the Soviet Ministry of Foreign Affairs. He was charged with bringing Soviet legislation and practice in line with the international obligations of the U.S.S.R. Mr. Kovalev was responsible for the development and implementation of the psychiatric reform, including the organization of the visit of the American psychiatric delegation in 1989.","At the time of the 1989 U.S. psychiatric mission to the U.S.S.R. Ms. Mercer was the Director of the A.P.A. Office of International Affairs. She is believed to be one of the initiators of the visit and was deeply involved in its planning and preparation as the representative of the American Psychiatric Association (A.P.A.). During the visit itself, she was a member of the team inspecting psychiatric hospitals on the ground.","John T. Monahan is the John S. Shannon Distinguished Professor of Law, Professor of Psychology, Hunton Andrews Kurth Professor of Law at the University of Virginia School of Law. He was the only forensic psychologist on the 1989 U.S. State Department investigative psychiatric mission to the Soviet Union.","Mr. Reddaway is a renowned expert on Russian and Soviet politics, author of many books and publications. He is Professor Emeritus of Political Science and International Affairs at George Washington University.","Dr. Darrel Regier was the Scientific Director of the 1989 State Department investigative mission to the U.S.S.R. and coordinated all aspects of the clinical assessment procedure. Dr. Regier completed twenty-five years at the National Institute of Mental Health (N.I.M.H.), during which time he directed three research divisions in the areas of epidemiology, prevention, clinical research, and health services research. Dr. Regier is currently a Senior Scientist at the Center for the Study of Traumatic Stress, in the Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine and Department of Psychiatry, Uniformed Services University. He also serves as an independent senior scientific consultant to the American Psychiatric Association (A.P.A.) on DSM-5 and research related issues.","Dr. Roth was the psychiatric leader of the 1989 U.S. State Department investigative psychiatric mission to the U.S.S.R. Following 44 years of distinguished service to the Department of Psychiatry and the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Loren H. Roth, M.D., M.P.H., was recognized and awarded Emeritus status at a special reception following the Department's Annual Research Day held June 7, 2018. \nPrior to his being an Emeritus Professor, for the previous five years Dr. Roth was the Associate Senior Vice Chancellor, Clinic Policy and Planning, Health Sciences, University of Pittsburgh; Distinguished Service Professor of Psychiatry, Professor of Health Policy and Management, and Clinical and Translational Science; and Senior Advisor, Quality, UPMC Health Plan.  In addition to his many academic positions, Dr. Roth has held multiple leadership roles at UPMC culminating in his being the first Chief Medical Officer of the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (U.P.M.C.) (2003-2007).","Mr. S. is a Soviet/Russian dissident who was repeatedly involuntarily committed to a psychiatric hospital for political reasons. He was one of the people interviewed by the U.S. State Department investigative psychiatric mission to the U.S.S.R. in 1989.","Fluent in English and Russian, Ms. Smith was a contract interpreter for the U.S. State Department for many years. She interpreted for both the 1989 American delegation and the 1991 WPA delegation to the Soviet Union. During the 1989 trip, she was on the sub-team # 1 under the leadership of Dr. Samuel J. Keith, M.D. interpreting in Moscow.","Dr. Leon Stern is a Russian-speaking psychiatrist who was a member of the field team that inspected four psychiatric hospitals across the Soviet Union. Dr. Stern is a psychiatrist in private practice.","Olena Protsenko processed this collection. She was a post-doctoral Research Associate in Psychiatry and Law at the University of Virginia School of Law.","This collection is divided into two series. The first series, \"abuse of psychiatry and psychiatrists\", consists of subject files compiled by Dr. Loren Roth, Professor of Psychiatry at the University of Pittsburgh. They are evidence of Dr. Roth's efforts to stop the abuse of psychiatry and psychiatrists for political reasons, with an emphasis on the former Soviet Union. The subject files contain correspondence, articles, reports, evaluations, meeting minutes, agendas, planning materials, diaries, photographs, memoranda, handwritten notes, programs, books, videotapes, ephemera, and other items. Together, these materials date from around 1950 to 2008. However the bulk of them date from the 1970s to the 1990s, when Dr. Roth participated in U.S. delegations to the former Soviet Union and was part of the American Psychological Association's (APA) Committees on Human Rights and International Abuse of Psychiatry and Psychiatrists.","\nThe second series consists of materials that were gathered and produced for the \"Retrospective Review of the 1989 U.S. State Department Psychiatric Mission to the U.S.S.R.\" project. These materials include oral history interviews with individuals involved with the 1989 mission, a 1989 recorded interview with a psychiatric patient, project correspondence, biographical files, interview minutes, and an organizational chart. Most of the items in this series date from the time of the project, 2021 to 2022.","This series consists of subject files that Dr. Loren Henry Roth assembled and used while working to stop the abuse of psychiatry and psychiatrists for political reasons, emphasizing abuse in the former Soviet Union. The files contain correspondence, memoranda, meeting documents, articles, reports, lists, forms, evaluations, photographs, diaries, and other materials.","World Psychiatric Association Proposed Declaration of Hawaii; \"Honolulu Paper\": Somerville, John: \"Ethics and Psychiatry,\" (1977); Committee of French Psychiatrists Against The Political Uses of Psychiatry Special Bulletin, the World Congress of Psychiatry in Hawaii; newspaper clippings from Hawaiian newspapers (1977). APA white paper: \"Misuse and Abuse of Psychiatry in the U.S.: A definition and Discussion,\" (1991); correspondence and papers of Paul Chodoff, (1989-1990 and undated); Helmchen, H. and A. Okasha: \"From the Hawaii Declaration to the Declaration of Madrid,\" Acta Psychiatr Scand 200:101: 2023","Copy of the Report to the Board of Trustees, American Psychiatric Association of the Ad Hoc Committee on the Use of Psychiatric Institutions for the Commitment of Political Dissenters (1972); Boekovski Berichten Bukovsky News: The Case of Irina Grivnina (1985?); Statement of Dr. Algirdas Statkevicius to the Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe (1988); copy of letter from Peter Reddaway to Viktor Nakas, Leon Stern, Robert van Voren and Algirdas Statkevicius (1989); copy of translation of SB case (1987-1989); U.S. Helsinki Watch Committee [memorandum] re Shatravka Family (1988); Committee of Concerned Scientists, Inc \"Call for Action for Three Soviet Former Prisoners of Conscience,\" (1988); and newspaper clippings mainly of Pyotr G. Grigorenko and Anatoly Koryagin","\"Special Report, The Medical Profession and the Prevention of Torture,\" The New England Journal of Medicine (October 1985); \"Sowing fear: The Uses of Torture and Psychological Abuse in Chile,\" A Report by Physicians for Human Rights (October 1988); Proposal. Center for Rehabilitation of Torture Victims [RCT], New York, NY and Roseland, New Jersey (undated); RCT International Newsletter on Treatment and Rehabilitation of Torture Victims (1990-1991); RCT IRCT [International Rehabilitation Council for Torture Victims]: Torture [packet of documents] (1991-1992); Jacobsen, Lone and Pete Vesti: Torture Survivors – a New Group of Patients, The Danish Nurses Organization, 1990; Canadian Centre for Victims of Torture","Human Rights Task Force of the APA survey on human rights organizations (1984); Human Rights Survey Responses (1988); Human Rights Cases Monitored by the APA (1990); photocopy of European Convention on Human Rights Collected Texts, Strasbourg, 1965.  Folder includes an incomplete set of The World Medical Association press releases (1975-1990), printed materials and news clippings","Documents from the Ninth Session of the U.S.-U.S.S.R. Joint Committee for Health Cooperation, (1988-11-17); Trip Report – P.H.S. Delegation Visit to the Soviet Union  November 13-20, 1988 Ninth U.S.-U.S.S.R. Health Committee Meeting (1989-01-25); Summary of Cooperation in Health Between the US Public Health Service and the Ministry of Health of the U.S.S.R. (1989-01-26); Peter Henry thoughts re Implications of Trip for U.S.-Soviet Health Agreement (1989-02-02)","Roth's printed account of trip that he made with Rabbi Mark Staitman, Larry Hurwitz, cardiologist;  Harold and Esther Garfinkel, community leaders; Joy Weber, science writer, and Rabbi Jonathan Stein. September 20-October 1, 1986. (2 versions)","Dr. Roth and Ambassador Schifter's preliminary planning documents for the U.S. mission to the U.S.S.R. in April of 1988.","APA Memorandum re \"use of psychiatry for political purposes\" (1988-03-21); [USSR] Regulations for Psychiatric Hospitals, LS No. 124600 JS/AO Russian, Appendix to Decree No. 225 of the USSR Ministry of Public Health, 21 March 1988; Pre-summit discussions. Report of Soviet Contact (1988-03-23): Gennadi N. Milyokhin, M.D. visit to Parklawn;  [Unedited] On the Record Briefing of Richard Schifter, Assistant Secretary of State for Human Rights and Humanitarian Affairs,  March 25, 1988","Peter Reddaway: \"Will Perestroika End Political Abuse in Soviet Psychiatry?\" (1988-07-03); copy of pages 5-6 of \"Argumenty I fakty\" No. 11/1987, [Reporter V. Romanenko interviews with  Dr. Marat Vartanyan (1987- 03-21-27)]; anonymous draft \"Ground Rounds\", \"Abuses in Soviet Psychiatry\" (undated); Karklins, Rasma: \"The Dissent/Coercion Nexus in the USSR, Working Paper #36, Soviet Interview Project (1987-05); Roth's handwritten notes; copies of printed materials related to Soviet psychiatry; annotated copy of Berman, Harold J.: Soviet Criminal Law and Procedure. The RSFR Codes. Cambridge, Harvard University Press, 1977, pp. 3-124","Stipulations for Delegation of U.S. Psychiatrists and Other Experts Visiting the USSR (1988-11-09); Roth's handwritten notes. Also Ellen Mercer U.S.S.R. Trip Confidential  Report (1988 -11) and Saleem A. Shah Department of Health and Human Services Report on International Travel (1988-11-18). Correspondence to Alexander A. Churkin  with documents: US-Soviet Understanding for Delegation of US Psychiatrists and Other Experts Visiting the USSR; \"Discussions\"; Consent Forms for Persons Interviewed and of Relatives and Friends (1988-12-19)","re assesment of Soviet Psychiatry (1988-08-04), memorandum re \"Sensible Tactics re U.S. Delegation on Soviet Psychiatry; human rights and Soviet Psychiatry; \"things to do; Roth's notes; and Roth: \"Uses of Psychiatry in the U.S.S.R. and U.S.A,\" Browning Hoffman Lecture, UVA School of LAw (1988-10-07).","International Association on the Political Use of Psychiatry [IAPUP]: Information Bulletin Nos. 3, 9, 11, 18-21; also copy of \"II. The Case of All-Union Society (undated). Soviet Psychiatry News, vol. 1, nos. 1-2 (1989)","US State Department Soviet Psychiatric Project Delegation to the Soviet Union Planning Trip – correspondence, telegrams, memoranda re: negotiations, support and concerns, instructions, logistics for the trip. Correspondence with Soviet and US officials, and other psychiatrists. Summary of discussions with Ambassador Richard Schifter (1989-02-11); comments from Saleem Shah (1989-02-10); from Robert van Voren, Ellen Mercer, Dr. Edward Kelty and others.","This sub-series contains materials related to the organization, planning and logistics of the trip, as well as background information about the psychiatric abuse in the U.S.S.R.","This file contains memoranda, handwritten notes, list of participants, questionnaires, Forensic Interview Schedule, and Interpersonal Personality Disorder Examination (IPDE).","DSM-III-R Criteria Checklist (1988-05-23; Structural Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R Patient Version (1988-06-01) SCID-NP/OP Psychotic Screening (1988-06-01); Instruction Manual for the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R (1988 and 1989)","DSM-III-R Criteria Checklist (1988-05-23; Structural Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R Patient Version (1988-06-01) SCID-NP/OP Psychotic Screening (1988-06-01); Instruction Manual for the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R (1988 and 1989)","Russian version of IPDE (1989-02-16); Russian version of Revised SCID Standardized Clinical Study According to DSM-III-PD Criteria (SKID) (1991-04); Russian version of World Psychiatric Association visit to the USSR Forensic Examination (1991-03)","The reports were written by doctors Jonas Rappeport, M.D., Vladimir Levit, MD., Samuel J. Keith, M.D, Darrell A. Regier, M.D., Loren Roth, M.D., Felix Kleyman, M.D., Joseph Bloom, M.D., William. T. Carpenter, M.D., Robert Hirschfeld, M.D., Alla Arsenian (interpreter); Elmore Rigamer, M.D., Joel Klein; Boris Shostokovich, M.D.; John Monahan; Nancy Andreason, M.D.; William Farrand.","Reports of forensic evaluations done in Moscow and Leningrad by Jonas R. Rappeport, John Monahan, Joseph D. Bloom; draft of Roth's \"Patient Sample –Description. Methodological Issues – Obstacles\" (1989-04-10); assessments and handwritten notes re patients; Russian document with translation re patients (undated); Roth's notes on various interviewees (1991-02-07)","The materials in this file include Roth's letters to persons who he wished to interview but didn't; U.S. Department of State \"transliteration\" of names (1989-04-04) and inventory of status of cases (1989-04-05)","\"Delegation of US Psychiatrists Issues Press Statement\" signed by members of the US Psychiatric Delegation: Nancy Andreasen, M. D.; Joseph D. Bloom, M.D.; Richard J. Bonnie; William T. Carpenter, M.D.; Robert M. A. Hirschfeld, M. D.; Samuel J. Keith, M.D.; Joel Klein; Felix L. Kleyman, M.D.; Vladimir A. Levit, M.D.;  David Lozovsky, M. D.; Ellen Mercer, John Monahan, PhD; Jonas R. Rappeport, M.D.; Peter B. Reddaway, Ph.D; Darrel A. Regier, MD.D., M.P.H.; Elmore E. Rigamer, M.D.; Leon Stern, M.D.; Harold M. Visotsky, M. D.]","Testimonies of Darrel A. Regier, Robert W. Farrard, Peter Reddaway, Robert van Voren, Loren H. Roth; statement of Steny H. Hoyer; LHR's handwritten notes; correspondence; responses, printed materials; draft I Report of the U.S. Delegation and Preliminary Soviet Reply: Brief Analysis of Points of Agreement and Disagreement; Loren H. Roth Final Report of the US Delegation to Assess Recent Changes in Soviet Psychiatry. Objectives and Execution of the Visit. American Psychiatric Association Annual Meeting, New York, NY, May 15 1990; some correspondence and memoranda related to CSCE meetings in Copenhagen (June 1990); and copy of U.S. Report (speech) on CSCE – Moscow (1991-10-02)","Copy of Reddaway's Trip to Moscow, October 29-November 2, 1988; memo re: \"The difficult situation we are in: how should we proceed,\" (1989, 02-19); notes on Soviet Psychiatry Developments (1990-01-20); copy of \"Trip to Moscow, August 20-30, 1992.\"","\"Dissent and Disorder: Human Rights in Soviet Psychiatry,\" (1989-07-); copy of unauthored paper; \"The Legacy of Psychiatric Abuse in the U.S.S.R.,\" (undated); Russian version and translation of \"Proceedings of the session of Working Party formulating the draft law on 'Psychiatric Help in the U.S.S.R.',\" (1991-02-14)","\"Soviet Access to and Utilization of Mental Health Services: A Comparative View,\"  paper presented at the National Conference on Soviet Refugee Health and Mental Health, Chicago, IL (1991-12-11); Isaac Ray Lectures: \"The Future of the Doctor-Patient Relationship. Lesson from Two Cultures, The Former Soviet Union and the United States,\" Discussants: Loren H. Roth, M.D., Dean Eckenrode, George Huber, J.D., Mark Schmidhofer, M.D. (1998-05-07)","\"The New Soviet Legislation on the Provision of Psychiatric Care,\" speech delivered at the symposium of the International Association on the Political Use of Psychiatry, Washington, D.C., (1988-10-14); Koryagin: \"A Green Light of Injustice,\" Zurich, (1988-12-20); notes from Boris Zoubok, M.D.; copy of \"Law of the USSR on the protection of the rights and legal interests of persons suffering from psychiatric disorders and on the grounds and procedures for the administration of psychiatric care,\" (1990-10-08); Roth's Notes on Meeting of USSR Supreme Soviet Committee on Mental Health Law, Moscow (1990-10-26); copy of Smit, Jonna: \"Human Rights and Mental Health Legislation: the USSR,\" (1991-05-21); van Voren, Robert: \"Ukrainian Psychiatry: Starting from Scratch,\" (undated); Regulations on a psychiatric hospital (Положение о психиатрической больнице), [printed Russian document] CCCP, No. 225, 1988; printed materials and news clippings, 1988-2004; Patients in Psychiatric Hospital Requiring Follow-up and Review – interview methodology, list, memoranda","Draft and confidential memorandum of meeting with Minister of the Department of Humanitarian Affairs [Yuri A.] Reshetov. Also interview methodology and memoranda.","Kazan Special Psychiatric Hospital, Vilnius Ordinary Hospital, Kaunas Hospital, Chernyashovsk Special Psychiatric Hospital","Richard J. Bonnie draft; \"Legal and Humanitarian Aspects of Soviet Psychiatry: Some Preliminary Conclusions\" (1989-03-28); also comments on Klein's and Reddaway reports (1989-04 to 1989-05); LHR Confidential Drafts #1-5 (1989-05-19-31); Objectives of the Clinical Interviews (1989-05-22); Dr. Harold M. Visotsky Response to Joel Kline (1989-05-30); Hospital Team Report by Harold Visotsky, Elmore Rigamer, and Loren H. Roth (1989-05-30); remarks from Joe Bloom (1989-06-05); Richard Bonnie: Note to Members of the US Delegation to the Soviet Union (1989-06-16); Bill Farrad; Executive Summary [annotated] (1989-06-20); \"USSR Psychiatrists at a Human Rights Round Table in Moscow in April 1988,\" annotated copy of attachment sent by Joel Kline to Roth (undated); Vladimir A. Levit comments (1989-06-26); Saleem [Shah]: Soviet Compliance and Study Limitations (1989-06-28) and comments (1989-06-26); Peter Reddaway draft (1989-06-28) [2 folders], 1989-03 to 1989-06","Also: State Department \"rough translation\" of Soviet response: \"Response to the medical part of the report by the U.S. delegation of psychiatrists and lawyers,\" (1989-07-06); Draft translation of the final Soviet comments on the report: Commentary on the Report [130008 JS/AO Russian] (1989-09-26); U.S. Department of State Memorandum re Comments on the Soviet response to the Report (1989-10-12); printed Russian document inscribed by Polubinskaya to Loren H. Roth: [Academy of Sciences of the U.S.S.R., Soviet State and Right. Separate Report, Moscow 1990];  translation of S. V. Polubinskaya and S. V. Borodin: \"The Legal Problems of Soviet Psychiatry: The Views of American and Soviet Experts,\" Soviet State Law, No. 5, 1990, pp. 67-76","Resolution of the WPA (1989-10-17); WPA Statement by the All Union Society of Soviet Psychiatrists and Narcologists of the U.S.S.R. before the World Psychiatric Association General Assembly in Athens (1989-10-18); Memorandum re: Site Visit by the WPA Review Committee to the U.S.S.R. (1990-03-13); Reddaway, Peter: The Struggle over Reform in Soviet Psychiatry Intensifies: Is the Establishment Beginning to Panic? (1990-04-30); Remarks by Svetlana Poloubinskaya at the APA's Committee of International Abuse of Psychiatry and Psychiatrists (1990-05-16)","APA correspondence with the Center for Democracy in the U.S.S.R., U.S. Department of State, (Schifter and Mercer); University of London Institute of Psychiatry, 1989-05 to 1989-11. Also, miscellaneous correspondence with literary agents (1989-03 to 1989-04)","Translations of A.  Karpov, Chief Psychiatrist, U.S.S.R. Ministry of Health: \"The Registration of Mental Patients in the U.S.S.R.\" (1990-10-25) and \"Basic Findings of the Conclusion of the U.S.S.R. Constitutional Supervision Committee on Whether Legislation for the Compulsory Treatment and Re-Education of Through Labour of Persons Suffering from Alcoholism or Drug-Addiction Conforms to the U.S.S.R. Constitution and International Enactments on Human Rights,\" by B. M. Lazarev, Deputy Chairman of the USSR Constitutional Supervision Committee (1990-10-25). Also Saleem A. Shah: \"Forensic Interview Schedule\". Correspondence with Otto Dorr Zegers, Csaba Banki, M.P. Deva, Driss Moussaoui, Jim Birley, and Gerard Low-Geer","Correspondence with Dr. Otto Dörr-Zegers (Chile); Dr. Csava Bànki (Hungary); Dr. M. P. Deva (Malaysia); Dr. Driss Moussaoui (Morocco); Dr. Jim Birley (WPA Negotiating Team); Dr. Gerard Low-Greer (England).","Included are: Gostin, Larry: \"Human Rights in Mental Health: Japan. Report of an international mission to Japan: 1987,\"  World Health Organization/Harvard University International Collaborating Center on Health Legislation, World Federation for Mental Health [1987]; Kawasaki, Shigeru: \"Like a Shedding Snake,\" English Summary, J. JAPH 2:2 Spring 1991; news-clippings.","Correspondence with Ellen Mercer re Singapore (1985-09-18); UN Commission on Human Rights E/CN. 4 Sub.2/1988/23: Report on the Sessional Working Group on the question of persons detained on the grounds of mental ill-health or suffering from mental disorder; Proceedings. International Forum on Mental Health Reform, Kyoto, Japan, January 29-30, 1987; Benatar, S. R.: correspondence and articles (1990); Final draft of the \"UN Principles Produced by the Working Group on Human Rights,\" Annex A Principles for the Protection of Persons with Mental Illness and for the Improvement of Mental Health Care","The sub-series consists of materials Loren Roth collected as part of his work on this committee. These include meeting minutes and agendas, correspondence, reports, articles, clippings, memoranda, and other items.","APA lists of cases in the U.S.S.R., Yugoslavia and Romania (1988-07-05); memo for the record re Soviet dissidents","APA minutes of meeting (1988-09-07); Draft Statement Following Discussion with Dr. Sabshin; APA Draft Resolution by the Committee on International Abuse of Psychiatry to not object to the re-admittance of  the All-Union Society of Psychiatrists and Neuropathologists of the USSR into the WPA (1988-09-07); minutes of the APA Committee on Human Rights (1988-09-09); some correspondence, (1988 -09)","Minutes of conference call (1989-02-15); correspondence; IAPUP documents re to Soviet psychiatry (1989-02); copy of Dr. Marvin Brook handwritten comments on the By-Laws of the WPA (undated); Application of the Independent Psychiatric Association of the USSR (IPA) for membership to the WPA, includes Constitution and Declaration (1989-03-09); APA Guidelines for Psychiatric Services in Jails and Prisons; APA draft guidelines on the Right of Refuse (Anti-Psychotic) Medication.","Includes some correspondence and documents: Memorandum re Revision of the WPA Review Committee's Operational Instrument ( 1989-04-270; translation of letter from Nikolai Fedrovich Zhukov to US Congress (1989-03-04); IAPUP Documents on the Political Abuse of Psychiatry in the USSR 18: The Founding of the Association of Independent Psychiatrists in the USSR and the US Delegation of Psychiatrist to the USSR (March 1989); IAPUP Report and brochures, 1989-04","Memorandum re Detention of Cuban psychiatrist Dr. Alfredo Samuel Martínez Lara (1989-04-19); WPA Proposed alterations (1989-04 -25); copy of entrance application of the International Independent Research Centre on Psychiatry to the WPA (1989-03-27), news clippings; Dr. Marat Vartanian original article sent to the International Journal on Mental Health","Included are: Ellen Mercer and Fini Schulsinger interviews with Radio Canada (1989-03); and \"rough\" transcripts of  Radio Free Europe with Viktor Lanovoy, President of the Independent Association of Psychiatrists (1989-06-15); Croatian Committee for Human Rights press release re human rights abuses (1989-06-24); [translation] of M. Buyanov articles in Uchitelskaya Gazeta (1988-11-19); Association Psychiatric Independent (IPA) press release (1989-04-12); Commission of the European Communities: \"Observations on the State of Implementation of Programme of Psychiatrists Reform in Greece,: (1987-12-31); IAPUP Documents Special Issue: \"The Political Abuse of Psychiatry in Rumania (June 1989);  IAPUP Documents on the Political Abuse of Psychiatry Nos. 22, 23, 24, 25 (June-July 1989)","Includes Summary of the WPA Executive Committee in Athens and Resolutions (1989-08-18); excerpts of anonymous document \"Autumm 1988, Gerlovka\" re abuse in the USSR ; printed articles, news clippings","Includes unofficial translation of  Statement by the All-Union Scientific Society of Psychiatrists (1989-10-02); Remarks of Christian Barton Concerning Allegations of Psychiatric Abuse of Dissidents by the Cuban Government (1989-09-13); Sabshin, Melvin: Statement to the Subcommittee on Health and Environment of the US House of Representatives re APA position on Soviet psychiatric practices (undated); Testimony of Victor Davidoff, former victim of abuse in the Soviet Union (undated); Commentary on the Report \"Assessment of Recent Changes in Soviet Psychiatry, prepared by the US Delegation on the Results of its visit to the USSR,\" (1989-09-15); IPA bulletins (1989 -08-07 and 1989-08-31); news clippings","Includes: Liaison Report (1989-10); Gluzman, Semyon: \"Bureaucratic Ethics and Soviet Psychiatry,\" (1989-11) and Commentary on the Memorandum of G. Lukacher (1989-10-14) re All Union Scientific Society of Psychiatrists; translation of A.I. letter \"To the World Congress of the WPA,\" (1989-10-16); translation of letter from Social Organizations in Leningrad To the Participants in the Congress of the WPA (Athens, Greece, October 1989); Schifter, Richard: \"An Inventory of Soviet Human Rights Developments\" (1989-10-04); IAPUP Documents on the Political Abuse of Psychiatry in the USSR No. 29, 30","Some copies of  documents related to the former Yugoslavia; lists of interments and releases in the Soviet Union (1989-12-21); draft translation of [Sotsialisticheskaya Industriya] A Detail report: Psychiatry Without Secrets (1989-10-31); Documents on the Political Abuse of Psychiatry in the Soviet Union 31 (1989-12); WPA Minutes (1989-08-11-13)","Correspondence related to abuses in Cuba; Pena, Jose M. et al: \"Abuse and Misuse of Psychiatry in the U.S.: The Need for an Institutional Ethics,\" (1990-02); list of human rights cases monitored by the APA in Argentina, Bulgaria, Cuba, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Malawi, Morocco, Romania, South Africa, Sudan, Turkey, Uruguay, Yugoslavia, Zaire (1990-02-06); Mercer, Ellen: USSR Trip Report/February 25-March 3, 1990","Includes: Second World Center Annual Report 1989 and APA Statement on Simón Bolívar Award and Lecture (1990-02-15)","Correspondence re Cuban psychiatrists (1990-04); Keston College Support Group: \"Igor Rodionov Report\" (1990-04); Yelena Izyumova Open Letter to the Members of the APA, Moscow May 20, 1990; anonymous essay re : Psychiatric Abuse in the USSR (Helsinki Watch), undated","Also: \"Proposed New Policies for the APA in Regard to the Abuse of Psychiatry for Political and Other Non-Medical Purposes in the USSR,\" (undated)","Includes copy of Human Rights Survey Responses (1988-04-01) and reports of the Council on International Affairs, Committee on Human Rights and Committee on International Education","Includes reports of the Council on International Affairs, Committee on Human Rights and Committee on International Education; memoranda re IAPUP meetings in Germany (1990-09); letter from Dr. Jeffrey Heller to the Committee on Abuse of Psychiatry re Soviet Delegation at H and CP Institute (1990-10-10); Documents on the Political Abuse of Psychiatry in the USSR No. 38 (1990-09)","Includes correspondence from Dr. Valerian Tuculesco re post-traumatic stress disorder after the Romanian revolution (1990-10); correspondence re Oleg Vitalyevich Kozlov re hijacked plane to Helsinki (1990-11); American Ambassadors People to People Trip to the USSR 14-27 August 1990 \"Professional Diary\" compiled by E. B. Brody (1990-09-05);  \"Psychiatric Issues Encountered on Recent Trip to USSR,\" memorandum from Holt Ruffin (World Without War) (1990-10-25); Hartmann, Lawrence M.D.: \"Notes on Some Social Psychiatric Problems in Chile, South Africa and the Soviet Union,\" (1990-10); Documents on the Political Abuse of Psychiatry in the USSR Nos. 39, 40, 41; documents relative to the Joint APA-Caribbean Psychiatric Association Meeting; Ellen Mercer: China Trip Report (1990-11)","Includes reports of the Committee on International Education; Final draft of the UN Principles for the Protection of Persons with Mental Illness and for the Improvement of Mental Health Case (1990-12-11); \"Sugar, Jonathan M.D. et al: \"Psychiatry's Global Challenge: Responsibilities of American Psychiatrists in International Health (undated)","Includes letter from Dr. Dainiys Pūras re abuse of psychiatry in Lithuania (1991-01-19); correspondence re abuse in Romania (1991-02-08); \"Proposal for The Moscow Center for Rehabilitation of Torture Victims (undated)","Includes correspondence and document re abuses in Romania; correspondence between Dr. Roth, Gennadi Milyokhin, Juan José López-Ibor, re Revaz Uturgaury (1991-03); correspondence re Soviet individuals","Includes CIOMS: Development of International, Ethical Guidelines for Epidemiological Research and Practice, Plenary III Issues related to the HIV/AIDS Pandemic. Proposed Guidelines for International Testing of Vaccines and Drugs against HIV Infection and Aids (1990-11); copies of correspondence between and V. Tuculescu re Romania; Reddaway, Peter: Psychiatric Developments in the USSR (1991-06) and \" Problems of Reforming Soviet Psychiatry and Assuring Rights for the Mentally Ill,\" (undated); \"The Heartbeat of Reform. Soviet Jurists and Political Scientists Discuss the Progress of Perestroika, Glasnot, Democracy, Socialism,\" Translated from the Russian by Vic Schneierson, Moscow, [1991]; Documents on the Political Abuse of Psychiatry in the USSR No. 47, 48","Includes reports of the Council on International Affairs, Committee on Human Rights and Committee on International Education. Also includes several documents dated September 1991: Memo for the Record Briefing Meeting for the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences Human Rights Study Group (1991-09-24); USSR Draft Law (17 June 91) on Psychiatric Assistance; Ministry of Health, USSR, All-Union Society of Psychiatrists Governing Board Decision (1991-05-15-16); WPA Memorandum to the All-Union Society of Psychiatrists (1991-07-28); Dr. Stanislaw Golec: \"Health Care in Poland 91\"; \"Instructional Recommendations on the Application of USSR Ministry of Health Order No. 555 (1989-09-19); WPA documents; International Committee of the Red Cross Report on \"Second Working Group of Experts on Battlefield Laser Weapons,\" (1990-11-05-06)","Includes \"copy of a part\" of Japanese Mental Health Law with translation (1988); translation of  \"law on patient's rights\" in Finland (1991-08); WHO Guidelines for the Clinical Investigation of Antidepressant Drugs (1984)","Includes LHR handwritten notes re Abuse Committee (1992-04); \"Cuban Dissidents in Psychiatric Hospitals An Update of the Politics of Psychiatry in Revolutionary Cuba,\"; \"Dimineata, 7th January 1992, The Mad People Were Dissidents,\" re Romania (undated); \"The Plenary Session of the Board of Directors of the All-Union Scientific Society of Psychiatrists (1992-05) and Follow-Up of US Team's 1989 Patients list, Appendices 1 and 2 sent to Dr. Birley with names of patients (1992-02); Information about the Patient Bill of Rights Tally Sheet (1992-04); Geneva Initiative on Psychiatry [GPI]: Documents on the Abolition and Prevention of Political Abuse of Psychiatry (1992-03 and 1992-04)","Includes reports of the Council on International Affairs, Committee on Human Rights and Committee on International Education. Also: Country Reports on Human Rights Practices: Yugoslavia (1992-06-01); GPI: Documents on the Abolition and Prevention of Political Abuse of Psychiatry, April – June 1992; Mercer, Ellen: Exploring Hungarian Psychiatry (1992-05)","Includes reports of the Council on International Affairs, Committee on Human Rights. Also: International Association for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Allied Professions Proclamation of May 1992: Assuring the Mental Health of Children; APA Bilateral Exchange with Poland Czechoslovakia and Hungary. Summary of Responses and Recommendations of American Participants (1992-03-24 to 1992-04-12); copy of Act of the Russian Federation \"On Psychiatric Care and Citizens' Rights With Regard to Such Care,\" (1992-01); Polubinskaya, Svetlana: \"From the USSR to the Independent States: Where the Former Soviet Psychiatry Will Go,\" (1992-05); GIP Documents on the Abolition and Prevention of Political Abuse of Psychiatry 56, June 1992","Includes reports of the Council on International Affairs, Committee on Human Rights. Also correspondence re psychiatric abuse in the former GDR, with the Romanian Psychiatric Association and the Committee to End the Chinese Gulag. \"Psychiatry Under Tyranny. An Assessment of the Political Abuse of Romanian Psychiatry During the Ceaucescu Years,\" Report of a consultative mission to Bucharest on behalf of the Geneva Initiative on Psychiatry (1992-06); GIP Documents on the Abolition and Prevention of Political Abuse of Psychiatry 57, July – August 1992","The sub-series consists of materials Loren Roth collected as part of his work with this committee. These include meeting minutes and agendas, correspondence, reports, articles, clippings, memoranda, and other items.","Included: \"Human Rights of Mental Patients in Japan,\" (1987 -04); Reich, Walter Report of Meeting with Gennadiy M. Yevstafiev (Soviet, member of the delegation to the Vienna Review Meeting) (1987-07-28); copy of letter from Senator Edward M. Kennedy to Lawrence Hartmann, M.D. re human rights violations in Paraguay (1988-04-22); World Medical Association, INC. memorandum: \"The Facts regarding health services in South Africa during 1987, and the role played by the Medical Association of South Africa,\" (1987-07- 08); Reddaway, Peter: Does Moscow's Purge of Corrupt Psychiatrists Threaten the Psychiatric Gulag?\" (1987-07-13); \"More Revelations about Stefanis' Negotiations with the Soviets (1987-09-11); Center for Victims of Torture pilot project (1987-08-28 and 1987-10); South Africa Briefing (1987-08-07); Minutes of Committee on Abuse of Psychiatry (1987-09-09 and 1987-12-02); \"Victims of Torture in Afghanistan. Presentation for Cairo World Congress\" by Mohammad Azam Dadfar (1987-10-18-22); Gralnick, Alexander M.D.: \"Public Health and Psychiatric Care in Cuba, Personal Report\" (November 1987);Political Imprisonment in Cuba. A Special Report from Amnesty International, The Cuban American Nation Foundation, 1987;  US/Soviet Human Rights Seminar: Statement by Ellen Mercer for the APA (1987-12-03). Also Bloche, Maxwell Gregg: \"Uruguay's Military Physicians: Cogs in a System of State Terror,\" (1987-03)","Miscellaneous documents: minutes, memoranda, correspondence. Included: [Argentina] Tribunal Etico de la Salud contra la Impunidad translation of statement: Medical Ethics Tribunal Against Impunity,\" (1988-01-11); Minutes of the APA Committee on Abuse of Psychiatry (1988-01-20, 1988-04-21; 1988-05-10); some documents related to South Africa, Pakistan, Argentina; Human Rights Survey Responses (1988-03-09); Amnesty International: \"China. Detention Without Trial, Ill-Treatment of Detainees and Police Shooting of Civilians in Tibet,\" (1988-02); Bitsch Christensen, Svend: \"Torture Related Documentation,\" (1987); International Commission of Jurists' Mission to Japan Preliminary Report and Recommendations (1988-04); \"The Casualties of Conflict: Medical Care and Human Rights in the West Bank and Gaza Strip,\" Report of a Medical Fact Finding Mission by Physicians for Human Rights, (1988-03); Amnesty International Commission Medicale: Medicine at Risks. The Doctor as Abuser or Victim,\" (1987-09)","Miscellaneous documents: minutes, memoranda, correspondence related to Soviet psychiatry; human rights abuses in Honduras, Czechoslovakia, Somalia, South Africa, Israel, Haiti, Cuba, Egypt, China, BahrainGudava, Eduard M.D.: \"The events in Tbilisi, Georgia  (1989-04-18); Vesti, Peter and Inge Kemp: \"Chapter I: Treatment of Torture Survivors – theoretical views,\" \"Chapter 2: Rehabilitation of Torture Survivors, \" (1989-10); Collazo, Carlos R. M.D. and Martha Gerpe M.D.: \"Missing Parents,\" Paper presented at The World Psychiatric Association, Athens, October 1989","File includes: RCT [Rehabilitation and Research Centre for Torture Victims] 7th Annual Report (1990-01); APA Position Statement on Apartheid and Academic Boycotting of South Africa (1990-01); Human Rights Cases Monitored by the APA (1990-02-01); signed Petition by doctors to recommend the APA to condemn the government of Turkey (1990-08); LHR handwritten notes of September meeting;  APA Council on International Affairs Joint Reference Committee (1990-10-12); Boyajian, Levon Z. M.D.: The Psychological Sequelae of the Armenian Genocide (1982); Leros Trip. Report on Visit to the Mental Institution on the Island of Leros, Greece (1989-12-3-5); \"'Bloody Sunday Trauma in Tbilisi. The Eents of April 9, 1989 and their Aftermath,\" Report of a Medical Mission to Soviet Georgia by Physicians for Human Rights, February 1990; printed materials.","Files include documents re Armenian Genocide and from the Free Romanian Foundation; \"Program for Administrators and Educators Specializing in Programs for People With Disabilities,\" with the Persian Gulf (1991-04); Martínez Lara, Samuel: \"Psychiatry in Cuba: Perspectives of a Human Rights Activist\" (1991-09-27);  ); National Academy of Sciences: \"Considerations Regarding Individual Scientific Visits to the People's Republic of China,\" (October 1991); also some documents about torture","Files include documents re torture in Egypt (1992-01); Dadfar, A. Azam M.D.: \"The Deep Scars of a Forgotten War, \" Psychiatry Centre for the Afghans; correspondence with Levon Z. Boyajian M.D. (1992-02); Croatian Medical Journal: \"Medical Testimony of the Vukovar Tragedy\"; memorandum re \"Abuse and Misuse of Psychiatry in the United States\" (1992-02); Committee to End the Chinese Gulag: \"On behalf of Political Prisoners in China: How to Raise Human Rights Cases,\" (1992-04); memoranda and correspondence re abuse of Palestinian physician (1992-05); APA Position Statement on Homosexuality and Civil Rights (1992-07); Americas Watch, Vol.4, Issue 7: \"Dangerous Dialogue, Attacks on Freedom of Expression in Miami's Cuban Exile Community,\" (1992-08);  Amnesty International French Section, Medical Group: \"Corporal Punishment. A study on legislation and enforcement in 18 countries,\" (1992); \"Stop Torture in Korea (STIK)\" (1998-08); APA Council on International Affairs: \"International Inpatients Bill of Rights,\" (1992-08); APA Communications Plan 1992-1994; APA: \"Human Rights and the American Psychiatric Association,\" (1992); memorandum and correspondence re abuse of psychiatry and psychiatrists in México (1992-100; US Department of State: \"Renewing the U.S. Commitment to Human Rights,\" Special Report No. 164;  printed materials","World Health Organization Assignment Report re \"mentally infirm in Romania and possibilities for improvement,\" (1991-11); Rosenberg, David R. M.D. et al: \"A Cross-Cultural Study of \"Ceausescu's Orphans,\" (1992-03); Blom, G. et al: \"Program Touch – A Volunteer Intervention Program to Orphaned Disabled Children in Romania,\" (1991-11); Roth's reappointment as APA Chairperson of the Committee on Human Rights under the Council of International Affairs, (1992-04-13); draft of A.P.A. Action Paper Rescinding the 1982 APA Position on the Insanity Defense (1992-05-01); Pierce, Chester M. M.D.: \"Public Health and Human Rights: Racism, Torture and Terrorism,\" presented at American Psychiatric Association Annual Meeting (1992-05-04)","Files include translation of Croatian pamphlet: \"Protect Yourself and Help Others (1993-02); APA Office of International Affairs: Responses to Human Rights Questionnaire,\" (1993-08-18); Citizens Support Committee for the Psychiatric Farm Hospital Dr. Manuel Ramírez Moreno (1993-7-13)","correspondence and handwritten notes","evaluation forms and printed materials","Meetings between Ukrainian doctors Semyon F. Gluzman, Vladimir I. Poltavets, Valery N. Kutznetsov, Ada I. Korotenko, Oleg A, Nasinnik, Vladimir M. Cherniavsky and Juan Mezzich, American psychiatrist from the West Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh; also some case summaries (1994-02). Russian and English translation.","extensive correspondence, reports, handwritten notes. Savychyj, Jurij M.D.: \"Psychiatry in Ukraine,\" [1992]","correspondence, Ukrainian fliers, and handwritten notes","extensive correspondence, reports, data analysis, forms, handwritten notes (1995-05), \"Codebook\"","correspondence, clinical assessment forms, and handwritten notes","Geneva Initiative on Psychiatry. Annual Reports 1992 and 1995; Documents on the Abolition and Prevention of Political Abuse of Psychiatry Nos. 65-67, 72, 74; \"Concepts for Developing Mental Health Care in Ukraine (First Draft),\" Developed by Experts of Ministry for Health Care, Kiev Research Institute of General and Forensic Psychiatry, Regional Chief Experts and Kiev Psychiatrists.","correspondence and forms","email correspondence, brochures, printed photographs","Joseph D. Bloom, Kyrill Borissow, William T. Carpenter, Robert W. Farrand, Robert M.A. Hirschfield, William H. Hopkins, Samuel Keith, Felix Kleyman, Andrei A. Kovalev, Ellen Mercer, John Monahan, Darrel A. Regier, Elmore F. Rigamer Jr, Carolyn Smith, Leon Stern","Includes: United States – Russia Health Committee 2000 – 2002, printed copies of photographs; The U.S.A. – Russia Health Committee: \"Access to Quality Health Care\" (draft), undated; \"Additional Materials on Diagnosing and Treating Mild and Moderate Depressions,\" [document in Russian with English title]","Gershman, Carl: Psychiatric Abuse in the Soviet Union,\" Society, July/August 1984; Lapenna, Ivo: \"The Medico-Legal Society. Use and Misuse of Psychiatry in the USSR,\" The Royal Society of Medicine, London 12th June 1986; McCready, John and Harold Merskey: \"Compliance by physicians with the 1978 Ontario Mental Health Act,\" Reprint from the Canadian Medical Association Journal, Vol. 124, March 15, 1981; McCready, John and Harold Merskey: \"On the Recoding of Mental Illness for Civil Commitment,\" Can. J. Psychiatry Vol. 27, March 1982; Slovenko, Ralph: Analysis. The Destiny of South Africa,\" The World and I, July 1991.","In 2021, members of the 1989 American delegation, some Soviet patients, Soviet doctors and other professionals, were invited to participate in the \"Retrospective Review of the 1989 U.S. State Department Psychiatric Mission to the USSR\" oral history project. Nineteen interviews were recorded, sixteen of them with the surviving members of the U.S. delegation, one with Andrei Kovalev, an official at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in the U.S.S.R. at the time, and two with former \"Soviet patients.\" There is also an original 1989 recording of one interview.","These interviews provide a comprehensive overview of the history of Soviet psychiatric abuse, the reasons why psychiatric diagnosis was used to suppress dissent, the methods, medical and legal procedures, and who were the major players in Soviet psychiatric abuse. Emphasis is also made on assessing the U.S.-Soviet relationship in the 1980s and the special place that the 1989 State Department psychiatric mission to the U.S.S.R. held in the détente. All stages of negotiations and preparations for the mission were discussed as well as the methodology of psychiatric evaluations and the findings of the American experts. An additional emphasis was also made on assessing the state of Soviet psychiatric care as of the late 1980s and all the significant changes it was going through at the time. The role of World Psychiatric Association (WPA), the All-Union Society of Psychiatrists and Narcologists, the American Psychiatric Association and other important organizations, is also given proper attention. The interviewees also discuss the long-term impact that the 1989 U.S. mission made on Soviet and post-Soviet psychiatry.","In the interview Dr. Bloom discusses his career, his interest in the topic of abuse of psychiatry and his involvement in the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric delegation to the U.S.S.R. He talks about the U.S. and Soviet (both Soviet professionals and Soviet interviewees) understanding of the purpose of the visit and  the Soviet's compliance with the terms negotiated for the visit. He also talks about psychiatric hospitalization, detention and commitment process in the U.S.S.R., conditions of hospitalization in Soviet psychiatric hospitals and the legal rights of persons with mental disorders in the U.S.S.R.  Dr. Bloom's explains his impressions from the trip to the Soviet Union and the conclusions made by the American delegation. ","The highlights of the interview pertain to Dr. Bloom's recollection of a Soviet person who allegedly had a mental disorder, and his opinion as to the way the American final report should have been approached.","Olena Protsenko, a Post-doctoral Research Associate in Psychiatry and Law at the University of Virginia School of Law, conducted this interview remotely over the Zoom application.","Mr. Borissow shares his life story and describes his career. He talks about getting involved in the 1989 State Department trip to the Soviet Union, his previous trips to the U.S.S.R., and the  social and political context that surrounded the visit and made it possible in the first place. Mr. Borissow describes his experience of interpreting in one of the psychiatric hospitals in Moscow as a part of the 1989 American mission as well as the work that Mr. Borissow's sub-team #3 did in Leningrad. He shares very interesting anecdotes that happened during the trip and talks about the lessons he learned during this trip.","Olena Protsenko, a Post-doctoral Research Associate in Psychiatry and Law at the University of Virginia School of Law, conducted this interview remotely over the Zoom application.","In the interview Dr. Carpenter discusses his career, his involvement in the 1989 US State Department psychiatric delegation to the USSR, the main goals of the mission, various aspects of the implementation in great detail, the diagnostic aspects of the study, interview instruments and methodology, the Soviet mental health care system and its shortcomings, the conclusions made by Dr. Carpenter's sub-team, the impact the American visit made to the interviewed individuals an mental health in the region. ","Dr. Carpenter also discusses the United States - Great Britain cross-national study of schizophrenia conducted in the 1960s and 70s and its pertinency to the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the U.S.S.R. He also talks about the broad diagnostic criteria for sluggish schizophrenia and how much contributed to the missuse of psychiatry in the Soviet Union.","Olena Protsenko, a Post-doctoral Research Associate in Psychiatry and Law at the University of Virginia School of Law, conducted this interview remotely over the Zoom application.","Ambassador Farrand talks about his long successful career in the U.S. State Department, the importance of the Soviet psychiatric abuse to the U.S. government and the larger context of the U.S. - U.S.S.R. relationships. As a person who worked closely with Ambassador Richard Schifter for many years, Mr. Farrand describes Schifter's goals and vision of the 1989 psychiatric mission to the U.S.S.R. ","Mr. Farrand describes the process of negotiating the terms of the visit and shares insights about interacting with a superpower as the Soviet Union was at that time. He also talks about the the peculiarities of governance in the U.S.S.R., and power dynamics inside the country. Mr. Farrand describes the efforts to preserve transparency and independence of the mission as well as managing its financial aspects and its highlighting in media. Mr. Farrand also talks about glasnost, perestroika, and the collapse of the Soviet Union.","Olena Protsenko, a Post-doctoral Research Associate in Psychiatry and Law at the University of Virginia School of Law, conducted this interview remotely over the Zoom application.","Dr. Hirschfeld shares memories about his education and career, the way he got involved in the 1989 State Department psychiatric mission to the U.S.S.R., the methodological approach to the patient interviews, the range of findings of his sub-team # 3 in Leningrad, and his general impressions of the Soviet Union as of 1989.","Olena Protsenko, a Post-doctoral Research Associate in Psychiatry and Law at the University of Virginia School of Law, conducted this interview remotely over the Zoom application.","Mr. Hopkins talks at length about the way he became immersed in the Russian studies, his education, and career. He well remembers the settings and arrangements of interviewing the Soviet citizens who allegedly had mental disorders, his expectations and apprehensions about the upcoming 1989 mission, the types of questions asked of the Soviet interviewees, and the peculiarities of his task as an interpreter during this unique venture. He also mentions the debrief that the entire American team had in Washington, D.C. after the visit was over.","Olena Protsenko, a Post-doctoral Research Associate in Psychiatry and Law at the University of Virginia School of Law, conducted this interview remotely over the Zoom application.","Mr. I. talks about his early life, family, education, how his dissident views formed and evolved with time. He shares about his repeated contacts with psychiatric system; he also describes his social and political activity and the repercussions he faced as a result. Mr. I. then tells about his criminal case, his forensic psychiatric evaluation, diagnosis, \"symptoms\", finding of non-imputability, the legal procedure used to involuntarily commit him to the Dnepropetrovsk special psychiatric hospital, and the inhumane conditions there. \nMr. I. then describes his transfer to Nikolayev ordinary psychiatric hospital and release; he talks about his dissident activity that brought him back to the same hospital. He also describes his contacts with Ukrainian dissident movement at the end of 1980s and how he got on the list of people to be assessed by the U.S. team. The details of his participation in 1989 U.S. State Department mission are discussed next. Mr. I. then shares about the long-term impact this mission made on his life, his subsequent legal rehabilitation, being taken off the psychiatric register, the removal of his psychiatric diagnosis, his life and activism after 1989. Mr. I. describes some of his most interesting campaigns. The interview ends with a brief discussion of the Russian invasion of Ukraine and how it affected Mr. I.'s life. ","Olena Protsenko, a Post-doctoral Research Associate in Psychiatry and Law at the University of Virginia School of Law, conducted this interview remotely over the Zoom application.","Dr. Keith talks about the role and expertise of NIMH that was crucial to the success of the 1989 U.S. psychiatric mission to the U.S.S.R. He recapitulates the main points and stumbling blocks of the negotiations with the Soviets in November 1988, various organizational aspects of the mission, as well as the interview instruments and methodology used by the American team. Dr. Keith shares his opinion about the concept of sluggish schizophrenia, its diagnostic criteria, and other factors that made it possible to abuse psychiatry in the Soviet Union. He also emphasizes Soviet life, society, and governance as of 1989. Dr. Keith discusses the Soviets' admission of \"hyperdiagnoses\" and the validity of the excuse of \"hyperdiagnoses\" from the professional point of view. He also expresses his opinion about the tone of the final report and the general context that the American team had to keep in mind when drafting it. Dr. Keith describes Schizophrenia Bulletin and his role as its editor-in-chief. He also talks about the 1990 Soviet Reciprocal Visit to the U.S.","Olena Protsenko, a Post-doctoral Research Associate in Psychiatry and Law at the University of Virginia School of Law, conducted this interview remotely over the Zoom application.","Dr. Kleyman is a great source of knowledge about the ins and outs of the Soviet mental health care system as the person who had about 10 years of professional experience on the ground. He talked about the uniqueness of his role during the American psychiatric mission to the U.S.S.R. that resulted from him being a native Russian speaker and being well familiar with life in the Soviet Union. Dr. Kleyman discusses the social and political context that surrounded the 1989 U.S. State Department visit and made it possible in the first place; the doctor patient relationship in the U.S.S.R.; Soviet diagnostic approaches and the role of Soviet psychiatrists during the American visit. Dr. Kleyman recalls his unique trip to Moscow Psychiatric Hospital # 5 to briefly speak with the patient who was claimed by the Soviets to have refused examination. He also talks about his experience as a member of the 1991 W.P.A. mission to the U.S.S.R.","Olena Protsenko, a Post-doctoral Research Associate in Psychiatry and Law at the University of Virginia School of Law, conducted this interview remotely over the Zoom application.","Mr. Kovalev tells about the role of various domestic and international actors in the process of democratization of the U.S.S.R. in the late 1980s and bringing human rights into the Soviet Union. He also assesses the political factors of the early 1980s that allowed Gorbachev come to power and retain it. Mr. Kovalev shares his insights about the Soviet foreign policy of the second half of 1980s-early 1990s and the U.S. - U.S.S.R. relationships. He shares his knowledge about the history of abuse of psychiatry and the reasons for resorting to it; the Soviet psychiatric register and the consequences of being on a register; the sealed instruction on involuntary commitment that existed but was not available to the public. Mr. Kovalev talks about the chain of decision making in ensuring that the American visit will actually happen and the key events on that road. He also comments on the internal tensions between the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Ministry of Health (M.O.H.) as well as the resistance put up by the M.O.H. in organizing the American visit. He also shares his views about the \"system dissidents\" in the U.S.S.R.","Olena Protsenko, a Post-doctoral Research Associate in Psychiatry and Law at the University of Virginia School of Law, conducted this interview remotely over the Zoom application.","Ms. Mercer talks about her career at the APA and the role that the APA played in advocating for the rights of the persons committed to psychiatric hospitals for non-medical reasons in the USSR. She then discusses the historical context for the 1989 State Department psychiatric delegation to the Soviet Union, including the 1977 Declaration of Hawaii and the All-Union Society's walking out of the WPA in 1983 in the face of an almost certain expulsion. Being a part of the November 1988 negotiation team to the Soviet Union, Ms. Mercer shares her thoughts about the negotiation process and the Soviet's compliance with the terms agreed upon. Ms. Mercer describes the field visit to Soviet psychiatric hospitals and then talks about the Soviet's readmission to the WPA, the role the 1989 U.S. State Department played in this process, the APA's and Ms. Mercer's personal stance with regard to the readmission. Ms. Mercer concludes by discussing the difference the American visit made in the big picture.","Olena Protsenko, a Post-doctoral Research Associate in Psychiatry and Law at the University of Virginia School of Law, conducted this interview remotely over the Zoom application.","Dr. Monahan talks about his professional training and the highlights of his career, his memories from the 1989 American visit to the Soviet Union, including the goals of the visit,  its organizational aspects, and its media coverage. Dr. Monahan then focuses on the forensic evaluation methods and results, the rights of psychiatric patients in the Soviet Union, conditions of their hospitalization, treatment, and hospital staffing. Dr. Monahan concludes by describing his general impressions of Moscow and Leningrad and the conclusions the American team made as a result of the visit. ","Olena Protsenko, a Post-doctoral Research Associate in Psychiatry and Law at the University of Virginia School of Law, conducted this interview remotely over the Zoom application.","Mr. Reddaway talks about his education and career and the way he became interested and immersed in the issue of abuse of psychiatry in the U.S.S.R. He discusses the impact that his and Sidney Bloch's 1977 and 1983 books made in the Soviet Union. He also shares his knowledge about the evolution of punitive psychiatry with each new Soviet leader. Mr. Reddaway talks about Mr. Gorbachev's personality, the political factors in the early 1980s that allowed for such a leader to emerge and retain power; the reasons for perestroika;  the peculiarities of perestroika in psychiatry versus other spheres. Mr. Reddaway gives a comprehensive overview of various internal processes in the Soviet Union at the end of 1980s that were important prerequisites for the 1989 U.S. psychiatric mission. He discusses at length the role of the WPA in the battle against the abuse of psychiatry in the Soviet Union. Mr. Reddaway also gives a detailed overview of the field inspections to Soviet psychiatric hospitals that he did as a member of the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric mission to the U.S.S.R.","Olena Protsenko, a Post-doctoral Research Associate in Psychiatry and Law at the University of Virginia School of Law, conducted this interview remotely over the Zoom application.","The interview with Dr. Regier is of critical importance for the comprehensive retrospective evaluation of the long-term impact of the 1989 State Department investigative mission to the U.S.S.R. Dr. Regier not only played a key role in the preparation and implementation of the mission, but also successfully continued to help develop the quality and accessibility of mental health services in Russia after the U.S.S.R. collapse. Dr. Regier also continued to tackle the issue of psychiatric abuse in China.  \nIn his interview, Dr. Regier gives a historical overview of the development of diagnostic criteria that was subsequently used during the U.S. State Department investigative mission to the U.S.S.R. relating to psychiatric abuse. This interview provides a great description of the methodology used during the interviews. Dr. Regier also describes the NIMH goals, unique role and contribution to the 1989 mission and shares his insights about the factors that made it possible to weaponize psychiatry against dissidents in the Soviet Union. Dr. Regier also tells about his role in the work of Gore-Chernomyrdin Commission in the area on mental health care in Russia post the Soviet Union breakup.","Olena Protsenko, a Post-doctoral Research Associate in Psychiatry and Law at the University of Virginia School of Law, conducted this interview remotely over the Zoom application.","Dr. Roth describes his training and the highlights of his career; he then tells how he became interested in the issue of abuse of psychiatry in the U.S.S.R. His two human rights trips to the U.S.S.R. in 1985 and 1986 are discussed next. Dr. Roth then gives an overview of the general political background to the visit and tensions between him and Ambassador Schifter about some critical aspect of the visit. Dr. Roth then describes in detail the negotiation process between the U.S. and Soviet side, the main stumbling blocks, how he managed to overcome them, and who were his allies. Dr. Roth describes the Soviet uncooperativeness and tensions between the Ministry of Health and Ministry of Foreign Affairs. He then talks about informed consents, interview procedures, and the visit dynamics. He shares some anecdotes and most memorable events; he also talks about the people who meaningfully contributed to making the mission successful.","Olena Protsenko, a Post-doctoral Research Associate in Psychiatry and Law at the University of Virginia School of Law, conducted this interview remotely over the Zoom application.","Mr. S. describes his early years, how his dissident views formed, his first arrest under Article 70 of the Criminal Code, his expert psychiatric evaluation at the Serbsky Institute, and the judicial procedure that followed. He describes his subsequent commitment in an 'ordinary' psychiatric hospital and shares insights about the internal regulations, regime, and the release procedure. He also talks about his next arrest and the legal aspects of it. Mr. S. shares his views about whether Soviet psychiatrists seriously believed that 'failure to adapt to the society' was a sign of mental illness and whether they can be blamed for presumably following the orders from above.  Mr. S. proceedes to describe his transfer to a special psychiatric hospital, the mass release of political prisoners in 1987, the reasons for such a drastic change of the political course in the Soviet Union, and gives an overview of the U.S. – U.S.S.R. relationship in the second half of the twentieth century. He then talks about how the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric mission to the U.S.S.R. fit into the broader human rights negotiations in the CSCE. Mr. S. tells how he taken off the psychiatric register\nand legally rehabilitated; he talks about the destiny of the Criminal Code 'political' articles 70 and 190-1 and current political articles in Russian Criminal Code used to suppress dissent.\nMr. S. shares about his life and political activity after 1989, his subsequent arrests, and his assessment of the evolution of civil and political freedom in Russia after 1989.\nHe then talks about the future of Russia, his own future as a dissident in Russia, and his views about the Russian war in Ukraine.","Olena Protsenko, a Post-doctoral Research Associate in Psychiatry and Law at the University of Virginia School of Law, conducted this interview remotely over the Zoom application.","In addition to the oral history given in 2022, this file contains a recording of an interview that Mr. S gave on March 2, 1989.","Ms. Smith shares her memories about interpreting for both 1989 U.S. State Department delegation and the 1991 WPA delegation to the Soviet Union. She explains how this experience compares to the other interesting projects she has been involved in throughout her career. She describes her most prominent memories about this job as well as the Soviet Union as of 1989. ","Olena Protsenko, a Post-doctoral Research Associate in Psychiatry and Law at the University of Virginia School of Law, conducted this interview remotely over the Zoom application.","Dr. Stern describes his career and his pathway from the Soviet Union to the U.S. He shares his insights about some aspects of Soviet history, the issue of psychiatric abuse, its roots and reasons the Soviet government resorted to psychiatry to oppress dissent. Dr. Stern talks about the major differences between special psychiatrist hospitals vs. ordinary psychiatrist hospitals and gives some excellent illustrations of \"symptoms\" that the Soviet school of psychiatry considered signs of mental disorder. Dr. Stern shares his opinion as to the reasons why Soviet psychiatrists engaged in unethical practices. Dr. Stern describes the field trip in great detail, including some anecdotes and specific instances. He concludes by identifying the most important changes needed in Soviet psychiatry at the time and assesses the overall success of the American mission to the Soviet Union. ","Olena Protsenko, a Post-doctoral Research Associate in Psychiatry and Law at the University of Virginia School of Law, conducted this interview remotely over the Zoom application.","This file includes correspondence with Richard Schifter and Robert van Voren.","The Arthur J. Morris Law Library does not grant researchers permission to publish copies of any of the materials in this collection.","Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","Roth, Loren H.","Bloom, Joseph D.","Borissow, Kyrill","Carpenter, William T.","Farrand, Robert William, 1934-","Hirschfeld, Robert M. A.","Hopkins, William H. (William Hugh), 1942-","Keith, Samuel J.","Kleyman, Felix, Dr.","Kovalev, A. A. (Andreĭ Anatolʹevich)","Mercer, Ellen Robertson","Monahan, John (John Thomas), 1946-","Reddaway, Peter (1939)","Regier, Darrel A.","Smith, Carolyn","Stern, Leon","English Russian"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS.2021.01","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/1347"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Loren Roth papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Loren Roth papers"],"collection_ssim":["Loren Roth papers"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_ssm":["Roth, Loren H.","Bloom, Joseph D.","Borissow, Kyrill","Carpenter, William T.","Farrand, Robert William, 1934-","Hirschfeld, Robert M. A.","Hopkins, William H. (William Hugh), 1942-","Keith, Samuel J.","Kleyman, Felix, Dr.","Kovalev, A. A. (Andreĭ Anatolʹevich)","Mercer, Ellen Robertson","Monahan, John (John Thomas), 1946-","Reddaway, Peter (1939)","Regier, Darrel A.","Smith, Carolyn","Stern, Leon"],"creator_ssim":["Roth, Loren H.","Bloom, Joseph D.","Borissow, Kyrill","Carpenter, William T.","Farrand, Robert William, 1934-","Hirschfeld, Robert M. A.","Hopkins, William H. (William Hugh), 1942-","Keith, Samuel J.","Kleyman, Felix, Dr.","Kovalev, A. A. (Andreĭ Anatolʹevich)","Mercer, Ellen Robertson","Monahan, John (John Thomas), 1946-","Reddaway, Peter (1939)","Regier, Darrel A.","Smith, Carolyn","Stern, Leon"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Roth, Loren H.","Bloom, Joseph D.","Borissow, Kyrill","Carpenter, William T.","Farrand, Robert William, 1934-","Hirschfeld, Robert M. A.","Hopkins, William H. (William Hugh), 1942-","Keith, Samuel J.","Kleyman, Felix, Dr.","Kovalev, A. A. (Andreĭ Anatolʹevich)","Mercer, Ellen Robertson","Monahan, John (John Thomas), 1946-","Reddaway, Peter (1939)","Regier, Darrel A.","Smith, Carolyn","Stern, Leon"],"creators_ssim":["Roth, Loren H.","Bloom, Joseph D.","Borissow, Kyrill","Carpenter, William T.","Farrand, Robert William, 1934-","Hirschfeld, Robert M. A.","Hopkins, William H. (William Hugh), 1942-","Keith, Samuel J.","Kleyman, Felix, Dr.","Kovalev, A. A. (Andreĭ Anatolʹevich)","Mercer, Ellen Robertson","Monahan, John (John Thomas), 1946-","Reddaway, Peter (1939)","Regier, Darrel A.","Smith, Carolyn","Stern, Leon"],"access_terms_ssm":["The Arthur J. Morris Law Library does not grant researchers permission to publish copies of any of the materials in this collection."],"acqinfo_ssim":["In March 2023, Dr. Loren Henry Roth donated all of the materials in this collection to the University of Virginia Law Library."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Psychiatry -- Soviet Union","Political prisoners -- Soviet Union","Dissenters -- Soviet Union"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Psychiatry -- Soviet Union","Political prisoners -- Soviet Union","Dissenters -- Soviet Union"],"has_online_content_ssim":["true"],"extent_ssm":["12.75 Cubic Feet 25 boxes","138.5775 Gigabytes"],"extent_tesim":["12.75 Cubic Feet 25 boxes","138.5775 Gigabytes"],"date_range_isim":[1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018,2019,2020,2021,2022],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers may only access and view the materials in this collection onsite and in-person at the University of Virginia Law Library in Charlottesville, Virginia. The following additional restrictions apply to any materials that contain the names of the interviewees of the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the Soviet Union and/or 1991 ad hoc mission to the Soviet Union by the World Psychiatric Association:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1. To obtain access to these records, interested researchers must sign a form to agree not to use, document, or disclose names of the patients or their families, or other identifying information about these persons and to abide by all the provisions specified in the present document. The form is available on site from the responsible official of the UVA Law Library. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e2. These materials may not be copied, photographed, or otherwise reproduced digitally. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e3. Before accessing the requested materials, interested researchers must agree to abide by reasonable administrative, technical, and physical safeguards, as approved by the UVA Law Library, to prevent unauthorized use or disclosure of the information. These procedures shall be followed by all persons associated with the applicant's research project.  \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e4. Records in this category are also subject to the following safeguards: (i) Any information that would permit the identification of an individual (names, biographical data, etc.) may not be used, documented, or made public by the researcher, nor will any attempt to contact them be made. However, this does not preclude the researcher from contacting a person in advance of gaining access, for the purpose of obtaining access.  (ii) If a researcher obtains written authorization for access from an interviewee or from his/her legal guardian, the records may be made available to that researcher. (iii) Interviewees themselves may have free access to their own health information if contained in this collection. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e5. If the University of Virginia Law Library discovers that a researcher has violated the confidentiality of information or the conditions of access, the Law Library shall take steps to revoke the research privileges of the researcher and shall consult with University of Virginia legal counsel to prevent further disclosure of the health information.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFinally, different access restrictions may apply to some of the items in  this collection. Whenever possible, archivists have made a note of these restrictions in other parts of the finding aid.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere are access restrictions on some of the materials in this series. When a file or item is restricted, an additional note explaining the conditions of access is attached to the file or item description.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe items in these folders contain sensitive information about the health or treatment of the persons interviewed by the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the Soviet Union. The restrictions on access to these materials are outlined in the Conditions Governing Access note at the collection level of this finding aid.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis file contains sensitive information about the health or treatment of the persons interviewed by the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the Soviet Union. The restrictions on access to these materials are outlined in the Conditions Governing Access note at the collection level of this finding aid.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis file contain sensitive information about the health or treatment of the persons interviewed by the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the Soviet Union. The restrictions on access to these materials are outlined in the Conditions Governing Access note at the collection level of this finding aid.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis file contain sensitive information about the health or treatment of the persons interviewed by the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the Soviet Union. The restrictions on access to these materials are outlined in the Conditions Governing Access note at the collection level of this finding aid.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis file contain sensitive information about the health or treatment of the persons interviewed by the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the Soviet Union. The restrictions on access to these materials are outlined in the Conditions Governing Access note at the collection level of this finding aid.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis file contain sensitive information about the health or treatment of the persons interviewed by the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the Soviet Union. The restrictions on access to these materials are outlined in the Conditions Governing Access note at the collection level of this finding aid.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis file contain sensitive information about the health or treatment of the persons interviewed by the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the Soviet Union. The restrictions on access to these materials are outlined in the Conditions Governing Access note at the collection level of this finding aid.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis file contains sensitive information about the health or treatment of the persons interviewed by the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the Soviet Union. The restrictions on access to these materials are outlined in the Conditions Governing Access note at the collection level of this finding aid.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis file contains sensitive information about the health or treatment of the persons interviewed by the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the Soviet Union. The restrictions on access to these materials are outlined in the Conditions Governing Access note at the collection level of this finding aid.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis file contains sensitive information about the health or treatment of the persons interviewed by the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the Soviet Union. The restrictions on access to these materials are outlined in the Conditions Governing Access note at the collection level of this finding aid.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis file contains sensitive information about the health or treatment of the persons interviewed by the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the Soviet Union. The restrictions on access to these materials are outlined in the Conditions Governing Access note at the collection level of this finding aid.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis file contains sensitive information about the health or treatment of the persons interviewed by the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the Soviet Union. The restrictions on access to these materials are outlined in the Conditions Governing Access note at the collection level of this finding aid.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis file contains sensitive information about the health or treatment of the persons interviewed by the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the Soviet Union. The restrictions on access to these materials are outlined in the Conditions Governing Access note at the collection level of this finding aid.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis file contains sensitive information about the health or treatment of the persons interviewed by the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the Soviet Union. The restrictions on access to these materials are outlined in the Conditions Governing Access note at the collection level of this finding aid.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis file contains sensitive information about the health or treatment of the persons interviewed by the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the Soviet Union. The restrictions on access to these materials are outlined in the Conditions Governing Access note at the collection level of this finding aid.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis file contains sensitive information about the health or treatment of the persons interviewed by the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the Soviet Union. The restrictions on access to these materials are outlined in the Conditions Governing Access note at the collection level of this finding aid.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis file contains sensitive information about the health or treatment of the persons interviewed by the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the Soviet Union. The restrictions on access to these materials are outlined in the Conditions Governing Access note at the collection level of this finding aid.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis file contains sensitive information about the health or treatment of the persons interviewed by the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the Soviet Union. The restrictions on access to these materials are outlined in the Conditions Governing Access note at the collection level of this finding aid.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis file contains sensitive information about the health or treatment of the persons interviewed by the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the Soviet Union. The restrictions on access to these materials are outlined in the Conditions Governing Access note at the collection level of this finding aid.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis file contains sensitive information about the health or treatment of the persons interviewed by the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the Soviet Union. The restrictions on access to these materials are outlined in the Conditions Governing Access note at the collection level of this finding aid.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis file contains sensitive information about the health or treatment of the persons interviewed by the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the Soviet Union. The restrictions on access to these materials are outlined in the Conditions Governing Access note at the collection level of this finding aid.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis file contain sensitive information about the health or treatment of the persons interviewed by the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the Soviet Union. The restrictions on access to these materials are outlined in the Conditions Governing Access note at the collection level of this finding aid.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis file contain sensitive information about the health or treatment of the persons interviewed in the U.S.S.R. The restrictions on access to these materials are outlined in the Conditions Governing Access note at the collection level of this finding aid.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis file contain sensitive information about the health or treatment of the persons interviewed in the U.S.S.R. The restrictions on access to these materials are outlined in the Conditions Governing Access note at the collection level of this finding aid.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis file contain sensitive information about the health or treatment of the persons interviewed in the U.S.S.R. The restrictions on access to these materials are outlined in the Conditions Governing Access note at the collection level of this finding aid.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis file contain sensitive information about the health or treatment of the persons interviewed in the U.S.S.R. The restrictions on access to these materials are outlined in the Conditions Governing Access note at the collection level of this finding aid.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe interviews with the former Soviet patients and the original 1989 recording are restricted and special permissions apply.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDr. Joseph D. Bloom did not request any additional restrictions on access to this interview beyond those that the University of Virginia has made for all the oral histories from the Soviet Psychiatry Oral History Project (2021-2022).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eKyrill Borissow did not request any additional restrictions on access to this interview beyond those that the University of Virginia has made for all the oral histories from the Soviet Psychiatry Oral History Project (2021-2022).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDr. William Carpenter did not request any additional restrictions on access to this interview beyond those that the University of Virginia has made for all the oral histories from the Soviet Psychiatry Oral History Project (2021-2022).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRobert William Farrand did not request any additional restrictions on access to this interview beyond those that the University of Virginia has made for all the oral histories from the Soviet Psychiatry Oral History Project (2021-2022).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDr. Robert Hirschfeld did not request any additional restrictions on access to this interview beyond those that the University of Virginia has made for all the oral histories from the Soviet Psychiatry Oral History Project (2021-2022).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWilliam Hopkins did not request any additional restrictions on access to this interview beyond those that the University of Virginia has made for all the oral histories from the Soviet Psychiatry Oral History Project (2021-2022).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMr. I. did not request any additional restrictions on access to this interview beyond those that the University of Virginia has made for all the oral histories from the Soviet Psychiatry Oral History Project (2021-2022). However, due to the sensitive nature of the topics covered in the interview, the University of Virginia restricts access according to the guidelines for more sensitive materials outlined in the Conditions Governing Access note at the collection level of this finding aid.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDr. Samuel Keith did not request any additional restrictions on access to this interview beyond those that the University of Virginia has made for all the oral histories from the Soviet Psychiatry Oral History Project (2021-2022).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDr. Felix Kleyman did not request any additional restrictions on access to this interview beyond those that the University of Virginia has made for all the oral histories from the Soviet Psychiatry Oral History Project (2021-2022).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAndrey Kovalev did not request any additional restrictions on access to this interview beyond those that the University of Virginia has made for all the oral histories from the Soviet Psychiatry Oral History Project (2021-2022).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEllen Mercer did not request any additional restrictions on access to this interview beyond those that the University of Virginia has made for all the oral histories from the Soviet Psychiatry Oral History Project (2021-2022).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDr. John T. Monahan did not request any additional restrictions on access to this interview beyond those that the University of Virginia has made for all the oral histories from the Soviet Psychiatry Oral History Project (2021-2022).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePeter Reddaway did not request any additional restrictions on access to this interview beyond those that the University of Virginia has made for all the oral histories from the Soviet Psychiatry Oral History Project (2021-2022).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDr. Darrel Regier did not request any additional restrictions on access to this interview beyond those that the University of Virginia has made for all the oral histories from the Soviet Psychiatry Oral History Project (2021-2022).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn addition to the restrictions on access that applies to all the oral histories from the Soviet Psychiatry Oral History Project (2021-2022),  Dr. Loren Roth requested that The University of Virginia only make his interview available to researchers on-site at the repository preserving the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMr. S. did not request any additional restrictions on access to this interview beyond those that the University of Virginia has made for all the oral histories from the Soviet Psychiatry Oral History Project (2021-2022). However, due to the sensitive nature of the topics covered in the interview, the University of Virginia restricts access to both recordings according to the guidelines for more sensitive materials outlined in the Conditions Governing Access note at the collection level of this finding aid.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCarolyn Smith did not request any additional restrictions on access to this interview beyond those that the University of Virginia has made for all the oral histories from the Soviet Psychiatry Oral History Project (2021-2022).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn addition to the restrictions on access that applies to all the oral histories from the Soviet Psychiatry Oral History Project (2021-2022),  Dr. Leon Stern requested that The University of Virginia only make his interview available to researchers on-site at the repository preserving the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis file contain sensitive information about the health or treatment of persons from the Soviet Union. The restrictions on access to these materials are outlined in the Conditions Governing Access note at the collection level of this finding aid.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis file contain sensitive information about the health or treatment of persons from the Soviet Union. The restrictions on access to these materials are outlined in the Conditions Governing Access note at the collection level of this finding aid.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Researchers may only access and view the materials in this collection onsite and in-person at the University of Virginia Law Library in Charlottesville, Virginia. The following additional restrictions apply to any materials that contain the names of the interviewees of the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the Soviet Union and/or 1991 ad hoc mission to the Soviet Union by the World Psychiatric Association:","1. To obtain access to these records, interested researchers must sign a form to agree not to use, document, or disclose names of the patients or their families, or other identifying information about these persons and to abide by all the provisions specified in the present document. The form is available on site from the responsible official of the UVA Law Library. ","2. These materials may not be copied, photographed, or otherwise reproduced digitally. ","3. Before accessing the requested materials, interested researchers must agree to abide by reasonable administrative, technical, and physical safeguards, as approved by the UVA Law Library, to prevent unauthorized use or disclosure of the information. These procedures shall be followed by all persons associated with the applicant's research project.  ","4. Records in this category are also subject to the following safeguards: (i) Any information that would permit the identification of an individual (names, biographical data, etc.) may not be used, documented, or made public by the researcher, nor will any attempt to contact them be made. However, this does not preclude the researcher from contacting a person in advance of gaining access, for the purpose of obtaining access.  (ii) If a researcher obtains written authorization for access from an interviewee or from his/her legal guardian, the records may be made available to that researcher. (iii) Interviewees themselves may have free access to their own health information if contained in this collection. ","5. If the University of Virginia Law Library discovers that a researcher has violated the confidentiality of information or the conditions of access, the Law Library shall take steps to revoke the research privileges of the researcher and shall consult with University of Virginia legal counsel to prevent further disclosure of the health information.","Finally, different access restrictions may apply to some of the items in  this collection. Whenever possible, archivists have made a note of these restrictions in other parts of the finding aid.","There are access restrictions on some of the materials in this series. When a file or item is restricted, an additional note explaining the conditions of access is attached to the file or item description.","The items in these folders contain sensitive information about the health or treatment of the persons interviewed by the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the Soviet Union. The restrictions on access to these materials are outlined in the Conditions Governing Access note at the collection level of this finding aid.","This file contains sensitive information about the health or treatment of the persons interviewed by the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the Soviet Union. The restrictions on access to these materials are outlined in the Conditions Governing Access note at the collection level of this finding aid.","This file contain sensitive information about the health or treatment of the persons interviewed by the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the Soviet Union. The restrictions on access to these materials are outlined in the Conditions Governing Access note at the collection level of this finding aid.","This file contain sensitive information about the health or treatment of the persons interviewed by the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the Soviet Union. The restrictions on access to these materials are outlined in the Conditions Governing Access note at the collection level of this finding aid.","This file contain sensitive information about the health or treatment of the persons interviewed by the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the Soviet Union. The restrictions on access to these materials are outlined in the Conditions Governing Access note at the collection level of this finding aid.","This file contain sensitive information about the health or treatment of the persons interviewed by the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the Soviet Union. The restrictions on access to these materials are outlined in the Conditions Governing Access note at the collection level of this finding aid.","This file contain sensitive information about the health or treatment of the persons interviewed by the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the Soviet Union. The restrictions on access to these materials are outlined in the Conditions Governing Access note at the collection level of this finding aid.","This file contains sensitive information about the health or treatment of the persons interviewed by the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the Soviet Union. The restrictions on access to these materials are outlined in the Conditions Governing Access note at the collection level of this finding aid.","This file contains sensitive information about the health or treatment of the persons interviewed by the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the Soviet Union. The restrictions on access to these materials are outlined in the Conditions Governing Access note at the collection level of this finding aid.","This file contains sensitive information about the health or treatment of the persons interviewed by the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the Soviet Union. The restrictions on access to these materials are outlined in the Conditions Governing Access note at the collection level of this finding aid.","This file contains sensitive information about the health or treatment of the persons interviewed by the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the Soviet Union. The restrictions on access to these materials are outlined in the Conditions Governing Access note at the collection level of this finding aid.","This file contains sensitive information about the health or treatment of the persons interviewed by the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the Soviet Union. The restrictions on access to these materials are outlined in the Conditions Governing Access note at the collection level of this finding aid.","This file contains sensitive information about the health or treatment of the persons interviewed by the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the Soviet Union. The restrictions on access to these materials are outlined in the Conditions Governing Access note at the collection level of this finding aid.","This file contains sensitive information about the health or treatment of the persons interviewed by the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the Soviet Union. The restrictions on access to these materials are outlined in the Conditions Governing Access note at the collection level of this finding aid.","This file contains sensitive information about the health or treatment of the persons interviewed by the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the Soviet Union. The restrictions on access to these materials are outlined in the Conditions Governing Access note at the collection level of this finding aid.","This file contains sensitive information about the health or treatment of the persons interviewed by the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the Soviet Union. The restrictions on access to these materials are outlined in the Conditions Governing Access note at the collection level of this finding aid.","This file contains sensitive information about the health or treatment of the persons interviewed by the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the Soviet Union. The restrictions on access to these materials are outlined in the Conditions Governing Access note at the collection level of this finding aid.","This file contains sensitive information about the health or treatment of the persons interviewed by the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the Soviet Union. The restrictions on access to these materials are outlined in the Conditions Governing Access note at the collection level of this finding aid.","This file contains sensitive information about the health or treatment of the persons interviewed by the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the Soviet Union. The restrictions on access to these materials are outlined in the Conditions Governing Access note at the collection level of this finding aid.","This file contains sensitive information about the health or treatment of the persons interviewed by the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the Soviet Union. The restrictions on access to these materials are outlined in the Conditions Governing Access note at the collection level of this finding aid.","This file contains sensitive information about the health or treatment of the persons interviewed by the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the Soviet Union. The restrictions on access to these materials are outlined in the Conditions Governing Access note at the collection level of this finding aid.","This file contain sensitive information about the health or treatment of the persons interviewed by the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the Soviet Union. The restrictions on access to these materials are outlined in the Conditions Governing Access note at the collection level of this finding aid.","This file contain sensitive information about the health or treatment of the persons interviewed in the U.S.S.R. The restrictions on access to these materials are outlined in the Conditions Governing Access note at the collection level of this finding aid.","This file contain sensitive information about the health or treatment of the persons interviewed in the U.S.S.R. The restrictions on access to these materials are outlined in the Conditions Governing Access note at the collection level of this finding aid.","This file contain sensitive information about the health or treatment of the persons interviewed in the U.S.S.R. The restrictions on access to these materials are outlined in the Conditions Governing Access note at the collection level of this finding aid.","This file contain sensitive information about the health or treatment of the persons interviewed in the U.S.S.R. The restrictions on access to these materials are outlined in the Conditions Governing Access note at the collection level of this finding aid.","The interviews with the former Soviet patients and the original 1989 recording are restricted and special permissions apply.","Dr. Joseph D. Bloom did not request any additional restrictions on access to this interview beyond those that the University of Virginia has made for all the oral histories from the Soviet Psychiatry Oral History Project (2021-2022).","Kyrill Borissow did not request any additional restrictions on access to this interview beyond those that the University of Virginia has made for all the oral histories from the Soviet Psychiatry Oral History Project (2021-2022).","Dr. William Carpenter did not request any additional restrictions on access to this interview beyond those that the University of Virginia has made for all the oral histories from the Soviet Psychiatry Oral History Project (2021-2022).","Robert William Farrand did not request any additional restrictions on access to this interview beyond those that the University of Virginia has made for all the oral histories from the Soviet Psychiatry Oral History Project (2021-2022).","Dr. Robert Hirschfeld did not request any additional restrictions on access to this interview beyond those that the University of Virginia has made for all the oral histories from the Soviet Psychiatry Oral History Project (2021-2022).","William Hopkins did not request any additional restrictions on access to this interview beyond those that the University of Virginia has made for all the oral histories from the Soviet Psychiatry Oral History Project (2021-2022).","Mr. I. did not request any additional restrictions on access to this interview beyond those that the University of Virginia has made for all the oral histories from the Soviet Psychiatry Oral History Project (2021-2022). However, due to the sensitive nature of the topics covered in the interview, the University of Virginia restricts access according to the guidelines for more sensitive materials outlined in the Conditions Governing Access note at the collection level of this finding aid.","Dr. Samuel Keith did not request any additional restrictions on access to this interview beyond those that the University of Virginia has made for all the oral histories from the Soviet Psychiatry Oral History Project (2021-2022).","Dr. Felix Kleyman did not request any additional restrictions on access to this interview beyond those that the University of Virginia has made for all the oral histories from the Soviet Psychiatry Oral History Project (2021-2022).","Andrey Kovalev did not request any additional restrictions on access to this interview beyond those that the University of Virginia has made for all the oral histories from the Soviet Psychiatry Oral History Project (2021-2022).","Ellen Mercer did not request any additional restrictions on access to this interview beyond those that the University of Virginia has made for all the oral histories from the Soviet Psychiatry Oral History Project (2021-2022).","Dr. John T. Monahan did not request any additional restrictions on access to this interview beyond those that the University of Virginia has made for all the oral histories from the Soviet Psychiatry Oral History Project (2021-2022).","Peter Reddaway did not request any additional restrictions on access to this interview beyond those that the University of Virginia has made for all the oral histories from the Soviet Psychiatry Oral History Project (2021-2022).","Dr. Darrel Regier did not request any additional restrictions on access to this interview beyond those that the University of Virginia has made for all the oral histories from the Soviet Psychiatry Oral History Project (2021-2022).","In addition to the restrictions on access that applies to all the oral histories from the Soviet Psychiatry Oral History Project (2021-2022),  Dr. Loren Roth requested that The University of Virginia only make his interview available to researchers on-site at the repository preserving the interview.","Mr. S. did not request any additional restrictions on access to this interview beyond those that the University of Virginia has made for all the oral histories from the Soviet Psychiatry Oral History Project (2021-2022). However, due to the sensitive nature of the topics covered in the interview, the University of Virginia restricts access to both recordings according to the guidelines for more sensitive materials outlined in the Conditions Governing Access note at the collection level of this finding aid.","Carolyn Smith did not request any additional restrictions on access to this interview beyond those that the University of Virginia has made for all the oral histories from the Soviet Psychiatry Oral History Project (2021-2022).","In addition to the restrictions on access that applies to all the oral histories from the Soviet Psychiatry Oral History Project (2021-2022),  Dr. Leon Stern requested that The University of Virginia only make his interview available to researchers on-site at the repository preserving the interview.","This file contain sensitive information about the health or treatment of persons from the Soviet Union. The restrictions on access to these materials are outlined in the Conditions Governing Access note at the collection level of this finding aid.","This file contain sensitive information about the health or treatment of persons from the Soviet Union. The restrictions on access to these materials are outlined in the Conditions Governing Access note at the collection level of this finding aid."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe files in this series are arranged by subject into 14 sub-series.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe files in this sub-series are arranged in chronological order.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe files in this sub-series are arranged in chronological order.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement","Arrangement","Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The files in this series are arranged by subject into 14 sub-series.","The files in this sub-series are arranged in chronological order.","The files in this sub-series are arranged in chronological order."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWhile it is understood that the misuse of psychiatry for non-medical reasons allegedly started in the U.S.S.R. after the October Revolution of 1917, its widespread and systematic use as a tool to silence political dissent became well-documented during Khrushchev's era. In a 1959 speech attributed to Khrushchev, he allegedly attempted to justify putting dissidents in psychiatric hospitals by saying that only a mentally ill person may be opposed to Communism (1). While there also were \"political\" parts of the R.S.F.S.R. Criminal Code that criminalized anti-Soviet agitation and slander of the Soviet state, psychiatry was often used to isolate dissidents, punish them with psychiatric drugs, discredit their ideas, and avoid criminal law procedures.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe \"Sluggish schizophrenia\" concept developed by academician Snezhnevsky had overly broad diagnostic criteria that allowed the diagnosis of schizophrenia in patients who showed no symptoms, on the assumption that these symptoms would appear later (2). In almost every case, dissidents were examined at the Serbsky Central Research Institute for Forensic Psychiatry.\nInformation about Soviet repressive psychiatry became well-known in the West after 1971 dissident Vladimir Bukovsky smuggled over 150 pages documenting the political abuse of psychiatric institutions in the Soviet Union into the West. The papers were studied by independent psychiatrists in several countries and released to the press (3). \"Bukovsky's papers\" galvanized human rights activists worldwide and those within the Soviet Union.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWhile the attempt to bring the matter to the official agenda of the World Psychiatric Association (W.P.A.) at their 1971 World Congress in Mexico was unsuccessful, it kept gaining more and more outcry worldwide. So, in 1977, the W.P.A. adopted the Hawaii Declaration – a milestone defining principles of good and ethical medical practice. The All-Union Society of Psychiatrists and Narcologists, the official Soviet professional organization, was bound to withdraw from the W.P.A. at its next Congress in 1983—the allegations of the political abuse of psychiatry inflicted irretrievable damage on the prestige of Soviet medicine.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1975, the Soviet Union, the United States, and other countries signed the Helsinki Accords - the key document of the Conference of Security and Cooperation in Europe (C.S.C.E.). The Accords signaled a détente between the East and the West and built the foundation for the end of the Cold War, the U.S.-Soviet disarmament talks, and the \"third basket\" on human rights and freedoms in the Soviet Union.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMikhail Gorbachev, who became the head of the Soviet Communist Party in 1985, prioritized the improvement of U.S.-Soviet relations. Also, Gorbachev launched the domestic \"perestroika\" (restructuring) and \"glasnost\" (openness) initiatives. These combined foreign and domestic policy developments fostered interest, internally and externally, in the plight of Soviet political prisoners. The Soviet Union released many political prisoners from labor camps, and in April 1987, Secretary Schultz and Soviet Minister of Foreign Affairs Shevardnadze agreed on a human rights dialog (4). As part of this broader dialog, in September 1987, the Soviet representatives began to try to assure their American counterparts that the abuse of psychiatry had ended (5).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNotes:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1. Khrushchev had said this in a speech published in the state newspaper Pravda on 24 May 1959: A crime is a deviation from generally recognized standards of behaviour frequently caused by mental disorder. Can there be diseases, nervous disorders among certain people in a Communist society? Evidently yes. If that is so, then there will also be offences, which are characteristic of people with abnormal minds. Of those who might start calling for opposition to Communism on this basis, we can say that clearly their mental state is not normal.\nKnapp, Martin, et al. Mental Health Policy and Practice Across Europe: The Future Direction of Mental Health Care, McGraw-Hill Education, 2006. ProQuest Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/uva/detail.action?docID=316293.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e2. Sfera, Adonis. Can psychiatry be misused again?. Frontiers in Psychiatry. 9 September 2013;(4):101. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2013.00101. PMID 24058348.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e3. For more information, see Reddaway, Peter (12 March 1971). \"Plea to West on Soviet 'mad-house' jails\". The Times. p. 8.; Bloch, Sidney; Reddaway, Peter (1984). Soviet Psychiatric Abuse. The Shadow Over World Psychiatry. London: Gollancz.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e4. Schifter-Adamishin book, timeline, page xix\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e5. Id, pages xix and xx\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring the late 1980s, U.S.-Soviet discussions about the abuse of psychiatry led to the formation of a special U.S. delegation to the Soviet Union. In February 1989, the U.S.S.R. allowed the delegation to independently assess 27 Soviet citizens believed to have been psychiatrically committed for non-medical reasons. The U.S.S.R. also allowed the delegation to inspect ordinary psychiatric hospitals and other hospitals known as \"psychoprisons.\" The U.S. delegation's psychiatric leader was Dr. Loren Roth of the University of Pittsburgh. The U.S. State Department organized the trip, closely cooperating with the American Psychiatric Association and the National Institute of Mental Health. Their Soviet counterparts were the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The Soviet Ministry of Health and the conservative leadership of Soviet psychiatry, both believed to have been deeply involved in abuse, internally opposed the visit. However, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs overcame this opposition, and their support was critical to the U.S. delegation's success.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe U.S. delegation consisted of leading experts in psychiatry, forensic psychiatry, forensic psychology, law, and Sovietology. Also, it included a representative of the American Psychological Association (A.P.A.), and émigré Soviet psychiatrists living in the United States.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFrom April 1988 onward, Dr. Loren Roth engaged in extensive negotiations with his Soviet counterparts on the details of the visit. They discussed the list of people (\"patients\") to be assessed by the delegation and the processes for obtaining their consent. There were difficult negotiations over the presence of Soviet psychiatrists during the examinations, and the need to protect the interviewees from potential intimidation and retaliation.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe U.S. delegation advocated for and adopted critical precautions to ensure the transparency of the mission and its findings. They used scientifically developed structural psychiatric interview schedules, brought U.S. interpreters to assist the delegation, avoided sharing the cost of the trip with the Soviet side, collected urine samples to rule out overmedication, videotaped the interviews, and spoke with friends/relatives of those interviewed.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAlthough there was a significant risk that the Soviet Union would cancel the delegation's visit, it occurred between February and March, 1989. The American team evaluated 27 Soviet citizens and inspected special psychiatric hospitals in Kazan and Chernyakhovsk as well as ordinary psychiatric hospitals in Vilnius and Kaunas.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAmong those interviewed by the U.S. team were people still hospitalized, and those who had been previously discharged. The American team was greatly assisted by Mr. Aleksandr \"Sasha\" Podrabinek, the Soviet and, subsequently, Russian dissident. He was an expert on the issue of abuse of psychiatry and author of the 1979 book \"Punitive Medicine\" (see references). Mr. Podrabinek facilitated access to those who had been previously released and claimed to be unavailable by Soviet counterparts.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe U.S. team detailed their conclusions in their final report, \"Assessment of Recent Changes in Soviet Psychiatry\" (available in this collection), which researchers are encouraged to read. The Soviet Union responded officially with its own report.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe 1989 visit laid a foundation for subsequent collaboration between the two countries in the area of mental health. The U.S.-Russia Health Committee met from 1994 to 2000 as a part of a larger Gore-Chernomyrdin Commission. It focused, in particular, on mental health care during disasters and the primary care physician's role in caring for patients with depression.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eShortly after the American mission was over, the W.P.A. congress in Athens decided to provisionally readmit the Soviet All-Union Society after receiving an official, although somewhat vague, admission of the past wrongdoings (covered in detail in On Dissidents and Madness by Robert van Voren). In 1991, the W.P.A. undertook an ad hoc psychiatric inspection of the Soviet Union that Dr. Jim Birley headed. Dr. Loren Roth and other experts who served on the 1989 U.S. State Department mission joined this inspection.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1990, a delegation of Soviet psychiatrists and politicians visited the United States for an educational trip to American psychiatric services and scholarly dialogues.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nResearchers are encouraged to read the resources listed below to gain a better understanding of the historical events surrounding the 1989 delegation:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e- the Schizophrenia Bulletin (supplement to Vol 15, # 4, 1989), which contains the brief overview of the reasons, methodology, and findings of the American team in the U.S., the final report of the U.S. delegation both in English and Russian, as well as the Soviet response in both languages (Hyperlink1)\n- The New York Times article \"Accord Is Sought by U.S. And Soviet on Mental Wards\" of May 22, 1988\n- The Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, Volume 49, Number 4, 2021 \"Jonas Rappeport: A Direct, Accomplished AAPL Leader\" by Dr. Loren Roth\n- Report by the World Psychiatric Association Team on the Visit to the Soviet Union, 9-29 June 1991, headed by Dr. Jim Burley\n- Human Rights, Perestroika, and the End of the Cold War co-authored by Anatoly Adamishin and Richard Schifter in 2009\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 2021, three decades after the 1989 trip to assess the conditions of Soviet citizens confined in psychiatric hospitals for political reasons, an oral history project was initiated to document it. Loren H. Roth, Ellen Mercer, and Richard Bonnie, three members of the delegation, had always wanted to evaluate if the mission had had any lasting impact on the lives of the people interviewed and on the quality and ethical integrity of psychiatric care in the countries of the former Soviet Union. The oral history project began in conjunction with the donation of Loren Roth's papers to the University of Virginia School of Law Library. Olena Protsenko, a Ukrainian human rights lawyer, organized Roth's papers and began researching related collections. Richard Bonnie's papers and Saleem Shah's files on the abuse of psychiatry, also part of the University of Virginia Law Library manuscript collections, were essential to the project's development.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDr. Joseph D. Bloom was one of the few forensic psychiatrists on the 1989 U.S. Department of State Delegation to the Soviet Union to investigate the abuse of psychiatry. Bloom is Dean Emeritus of the Oregon Health and Science University and Clinical Professor at the Department of Psychiatry of the University of Arizona Fenix College of Medicine.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMr. Borissow is an American of a Russian descend. He was a contract interpreter for the U.S. State Department for many years. During the 1989 trip, he was on the sub-team # 3 under the leadership of Dr. Hirschfeld, interpreting in Leningrad.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDr. William Carpenter was leader of team #2 of the 1989 American investigative scientific mission to the Soviet Union. He is Professor of Medicine at the University of Maryland School of Medicine and former Director of the Maryland Psychiatric Research Center.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRobert William Farrand retired in 1998 after 34 years in the U.S. Foreign Service. He served as Ambassador to Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, and Vanuatu from 1990 until 1993. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1988-89 he led the U.S. delegation of medical and forensic professionals to investigate the Soviet Union's political weaponizing of psychiatry, for which he received a Superior Honor Award.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFarrand was concurrently Supervisor of the Bosnian city of Brčko and Deputy High Representative for the northern sector of Bosnia and Herzegovina (1997 to 2000).  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDr. Robert Hirschfeld is Professor of Psychiatry at Weill Cornell Medical College. He was the team leader of team # 3 during the 1989 psychiatric delegation to the U.S.S.R.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMr. William Hopkins is a retired U.S. State Department staff interpreter. During the 1989 U.S. psychiatric mission to the USSR, he interpreted for team # 2 under the leadership of Dr. William Carpenter.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMr. I. is a Soviet/Ukrainian dissident who was repeatedly involuntarily committed to a psychiatric hospital for political reasons. He was one of the people interviewed by the U.S. State Department investigative psychiatric mission to the U.S.S.R. in 1989.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDr. Keith is the Emeritus Milton Rosenbaum Professor of Psychiatry and Psychology at the University of New Mexico School of Medicine. He was a Deputy Director and Associate Director for Schizophrenia Programs at the NIMH as of 1989. He was the team leader of team # 1 during the 1989 psychiatric delegation to the U.S.S.R.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDr. Felix Kleyman is a psychiatrist practicing in New York City. At the time of the 1989 U.S. State Department mission to the Soviet Union to investigate abuse of psychiatry, Dr. Kleyman was an assistant clinical professor of psychiatry at New York Medical College. Dr. Kleyman was one of the few Russian-speaking, U.S.S.R. and U.S.-trained psychiatrists on the American team. Dr. Kleyman was also a member of the 1991 W.P.A.  mission to the Soviet Union once the All-Union Society of Psychiatrists and Narcologists was provisionally readmitted to the W.P.A.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAs of 1989, Mr. Kovalev was a Senior Advisor of the Department for International Humanitarian and Cultural Relations at the Soviet Ministry of Foreign Affairs. He was charged with bringing Soviet legislation and practice in line with the international obligations of the U.S.S.R. Mr. Kovalev was responsible for the development and implementation of the psychiatric reform, including the organization of the visit of the American psychiatric delegation in 1989.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAt the time of the 1989 U.S. psychiatric mission to the U.S.S.R. Ms. Mercer was the Director of the A.P.A. Office of International Affairs. She is believed to be one of the initiators of the visit and was deeply involved in its planning and preparation as the representative of the American Psychiatric Association (A.P.A.). During the visit itself, she was a member of the team inspecting psychiatric hospitals on the ground.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJohn T. Monahan is the John S. Shannon Distinguished Professor of Law, Professor of Psychology, Hunton Andrews Kurth Professor of Law at the University of Virginia School of Law. He was the only forensic psychologist on the 1989 U.S. State Department investigative psychiatric mission to the Soviet Union.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMr. Reddaway is a renowned expert on Russian and Soviet politics, author of many books and publications. He is Professor Emeritus of Political Science and International Affairs at George Washington University.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDr. Darrel Regier was the Scientific Director of the 1989 State Department investigative mission to the U.S.S.R. and coordinated all aspects of the clinical assessment procedure. Dr. Regier completed twenty-five years at the National Institute of Mental Health (N.I.M.H.), during which time he directed three research divisions in the areas of epidemiology, prevention, clinical research, and health services research. Dr. Regier is currently a Senior Scientist at the Center for the Study of Traumatic Stress, in the Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine and Department of Psychiatry, Uniformed Services University. He also serves as an independent senior scientific consultant to the American Psychiatric Association (A.P.A.) on DSM-5 and research related issues.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDr. Roth was the psychiatric leader of the 1989 U.S. State Department investigative psychiatric mission to the U.S.S.R. Following 44 years of distinguished service to the Department of Psychiatry and the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Loren H. Roth, M.D., M.P.H., was recognized and awarded Emeritus status at a special reception following the Department's Annual Research Day held June 7, 2018. \nPrior to his being an Emeritus Professor, for the previous five years Dr. Roth was the Associate Senior Vice Chancellor, Clinic Policy and Planning, Health Sciences, University of Pittsburgh; Distinguished Service Professor of Psychiatry, Professor of Health Policy and Management, and Clinical and Translational Science; and Senior Advisor, Quality, UPMC Health Plan.  In addition to his many academic positions, Dr. Roth has held multiple leadership roles at UPMC culminating in his being the first Chief Medical Officer of the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (U.P.M.C.) (2003-2007).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMr. S. is a Soviet/Russian dissident who was repeatedly involuntarily committed to a psychiatric hospital for political reasons. He was one of the people interviewed by the U.S. State Department investigative psychiatric mission to the U.S.S.R. in 1989.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFluent in English and Russian, Ms. Smith was a contract interpreter for the U.S. State Department for many years. She interpreted for both the 1989 American delegation and the 1991 WPA delegation to the Soviet Union. During the 1989 trip, she was on the sub-team # 1 under the leadership of Dr. Samuel J. Keith, M.D. interpreting in Moscow.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDr. Leon Stern is a Russian-speaking psychiatrist who was a member of the field team that inspected four psychiatric hospitals across the Soviet Union. Dr. Stern is a psychiatrist in private practice.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["History of the Abuse of Psychiatry and Psychiatrists in the U.S.S.R.","History of the 1989 U.S. State Department Investigative Mission to the U.S.S.R.","History of the 2021-2022 Oral History Project","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["While it is understood that the misuse of psychiatry for non-medical reasons allegedly started in the U.S.S.R. after the October Revolution of 1917, its widespread and systematic use as a tool to silence political dissent became well-documented during Khrushchev's era. In a 1959 speech attributed to Khrushchev, he allegedly attempted to justify putting dissidents in psychiatric hospitals by saying that only a mentally ill person may be opposed to Communism (1). While there also were \"political\" parts of the R.S.F.S.R. Criminal Code that criminalized anti-Soviet agitation and slander of the Soviet state, psychiatry was often used to isolate dissidents, punish them with psychiatric drugs, discredit their ideas, and avoid criminal law procedures.","The \"Sluggish schizophrenia\" concept developed by academician Snezhnevsky had overly broad diagnostic criteria that allowed the diagnosis of schizophrenia in patients who showed no symptoms, on the assumption that these symptoms would appear later (2). In almost every case, dissidents were examined at the Serbsky Central Research Institute for Forensic Psychiatry.\nInformation about Soviet repressive psychiatry became well-known in the West after 1971 dissident Vladimir Bukovsky smuggled over 150 pages documenting the political abuse of psychiatric institutions in the Soviet Union into the West. The papers were studied by independent psychiatrists in several countries and released to the press (3). \"Bukovsky's papers\" galvanized human rights activists worldwide and those within the Soviet Union.","While the attempt to bring the matter to the official agenda of the World Psychiatric Association (W.P.A.) at their 1971 World Congress in Mexico was unsuccessful, it kept gaining more and more outcry worldwide. So, in 1977, the W.P.A. adopted the Hawaii Declaration – a milestone defining principles of good and ethical medical practice. The All-Union Society of Psychiatrists and Narcologists, the official Soviet professional organization, was bound to withdraw from the W.P.A. at its next Congress in 1983—the allegations of the political abuse of psychiatry inflicted irretrievable damage on the prestige of Soviet medicine.","In 1975, the Soviet Union, the United States, and other countries signed the Helsinki Accords - the key document of the Conference of Security and Cooperation in Europe (C.S.C.E.). The Accords signaled a détente between the East and the West and built the foundation for the end of the Cold War, the U.S.-Soviet disarmament talks, and the \"third basket\" on human rights and freedoms in the Soviet Union.","Mikhail Gorbachev, who became the head of the Soviet Communist Party in 1985, prioritized the improvement of U.S.-Soviet relations. Also, Gorbachev launched the domestic \"perestroika\" (restructuring) and \"glasnost\" (openness) initiatives. These combined foreign and domestic policy developments fostered interest, internally and externally, in the plight of Soviet political prisoners. The Soviet Union released many political prisoners from labor camps, and in April 1987, Secretary Schultz and Soviet Minister of Foreign Affairs Shevardnadze agreed on a human rights dialog (4). As part of this broader dialog, in September 1987, the Soviet representatives began to try to assure their American counterparts that the abuse of psychiatry had ended (5).","Notes:","1. Khrushchev had said this in a speech published in the state newspaper Pravda on 24 May 1959: A crime is a deviation from generally recognized standards of behaviour frequently caused by mental disorder. Can there be diseases, nervous disorders among certain people in a Communist society? Evidently yes. If that is so, then there will also be offences, which are characteristic of people with abnormal minds. Of those who might start calling for opposition to Communism on this basis, we can say that clearly their mental state is not normal.\nKnapp, Martin, et al. Mental Health Policy and Practice Across Europe: The Future Direction of Mental Health Care, McGraw-Hill Education, 2006. ProQuest Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/uva/detail.action?docID=316293.","2. Sfera, Adonis. Can psychiatry be misused again?. Frontiers in Psychiatry. 9 September 2013;(4):101. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2013.00101. PMID 24058348.","3. For more information, see Reddaway, Peter (12 March 1971). \"Plea to West on Soviet 'mad-house' jails\". The Times. p. 8.; Bloch, Sidney; Reddaway, Peter (1984). Soviet Psychiatric Abuse. The Shadow Over World Psychiatry. London: Gollancz.","4. Schifter-Adamishin book, timeline, page xix","5. Id, pages xix and xx","During the late 1980s, U.S.-Soviet discussions about the abuse of psychiatry led to the formation of a special U.S. delegation to the Soviet Union. In February 1989, the U.S.S.R. allowed the delegation to independently assess 27 Soviet citizens believed to have been psychiatrically committed for non-medical reasons. The U.S.S.R. also allowed the delegation to inspect ordinary psychiatric hospitals and other hospitals known as \"psychoprisons.\" The U.S. delegation's psychiatric leader was Dr. Loren Roth of the University of Pittsburgh. The U.S. State Department organized the trip, closely cooperating with the American Psychiatric Association and the National Institute of Mental Health. Their Soviet counterparts were the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The Soviet Ministry of Health and the conservative leadership of Soviet psychiatry, both believed to have been deeply involved in abuse, internally opposed the visit. However, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs overcame this opposition, and their support was critical to the U.S. delegation's success.","The U.S. delegation consisted of leading experts in psychiatry, forensic psychiatry, forensic psychology, law, and Sovietology. Also, it included a representative of the American Psychological Association (A.P.A.), and émigré Soviet psychiatrists living in the United States.","From April 1988 onward, Dr. Loren Roth engaged in extensive negotiations with his Soviet counterparts on the details of the visit. They discussed the list of people (\"patients\") to be assessed by the delegation and the processes for obtaining their consent. There were difficult negotiations over the presence of Soviet psychiatrists during the examinations, and the need to protect the interviewees from potential intimidation and retaliation.","The U.S. delegation advocated for and adopted critical precautions to ensure the transparency of the mission and its findings. They used scientifically developed structural psychiatric interview schedules, brought U.S. interpreters to assist the delegation, avoided sharing the cost of the trip with the Soviet side, collected urine samples to rule out overmedication, videotaped the interviews, and spoke with friends/relatives of those interviewed.","Although there was a significant risk that the Soviet Union would cancel the delegation's visit, it occurred between February and March, 1989. The American team evaluated 27 Soviet citizens and inspected special psychiatric hospitals in Kazan and Chernyakhovsk as well as ordinary psychiatric hospitals in Vilnius and Kaunas.","Among those interviewed by the U.S. team were people still hospitalized, and those who had been previously discharged. The American team was greatly assisted by Mr. Aleksandr \"Sasha\" Podrabinek, the Soviet and, subsequently, Russian dissident. He was an expert on the issue of abuse of psychiatry and author of the 1979 book \"Punitive Medicine\" (see references). Mr. Podrabinek facilitated access to those who had been previously released and claimed to be unavailable by Soviet counterparts.","The U.S. team detailed their conclusions in their final report, \"Assessment of Recent Changes in Soviet Psychiatry\" (available in this collection), which researchers are encouraged to read. The Soviet Union responded officially with its own report.","The 1989 visit laid a foundation for subsequent collaboration between the two countries in the area of mental health. The U.S.-Russia Health Committee met from 1994 to 2000 as a part of a larger Gore-Chernomyrdin Commission. It focused, in particular, on mental health care during disasters and the primary care physician's role in caring for patients with depression.","Shortly after the American mission was over, the W.P.A. congress in Athens decided to provisionally readmit the Soviet All-Union Society after receiving an official, although somewhat vague, admission of the past wrongdoings (covered in detail in On Dissidents and Madness by Robert van Voren). In 1991, the W.P.A. undertook an ad hoc psychiatric inspection of the Soviet Union that Dr. Jim Birley headed. Dr. Loren Roth and other experts who served on the 1989 U.S. State Department mission joined this inspection.","In 1990, a delegation of Soviet psychiatrists and politicians visited the United States for an educational trip to American psychiatric services and scholarly dialogues.","\nResearchers are encouraged to read the resources listed below to gain a better understanding of the historical events surrounding the 1989 delegation:","- the Schizophrenia Bulletin (supplement to Vol 15, # 4, 1989), which contains the brief overview of the reasons, methodology, and findings of the American team in the U.S., the final report of the U.S. delegation both in English and Russian, as well as the Soviet response in both languages (Hyperlink1)\n- The New York Times article \"Accord Is Sought by U.S. And Soviet on Mental Wards\" of May 22, 1988\n- The Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, Volume 49, Number 4, 2021 \"Jonas Rappeport: A Direct, Accomplished AAPL Leader\" by Dr. Loren Roth\n- Report by the World Psychiatric Association Team on the Visit to the Soviet Union, 9-29 June 1991, headed by Dr. Jim Burley\n- Human Rights, Perestroika, and the End of the Cold War co-authored by Anatoly Adamishin and Richard Schifter in 2009","In 2021, three decades after the 1989 trip to assess the conditions of Soviet citizens confined in psychiatric hospitals for political reasons, an oral history project was initiated to document it. Loren H. Roth, Ellen Mercer, and Richard Bonnie, three members of the delegation, had always wanted to evaluate if the mission had had any lasting impact on the lives of the people interviewed and on the quality and ethical integrity of psychiatric care in the countries of the former Soviet Union. The oral history project began in conjunction with the donation of Loren Roth's papers to the University of Virginia School of Law Library. Olena Protsenko, a Ukrainian human rights lawyer, organized Roth's papers and began researching related collections. Richard Bonnie's papers and Saleem Shah's files on the abuse of psychiatry, also part of the University of Virginia Law Library manuscript collections, were essential to the project's development.","Dr. Joseph D. Bloom was one of the few forensic psychiatrists on the 1989 U.S. Department of State Delegation to the Soviet Union to investigate the abuse of psychiatry. Bloom is Dean Emeritus of the Oregon Health and Science University and Clinical Professor at the Department of Psychiatry of the University of Arizona Fenix College of Medicine.","Mr. Borissow is an American of a Russian descend. He was a contract interpreter for the U.S. State Department for many years. During the 1989 trip, he was on the sub-team # 3 under the leadership of Dr. Hirschfeld, interpreting in Leningrad.","Dr. William Carpenter was leader of team #2 of the 1989 American investigative scientific mission to the Soviet Union. He is Professor of Medicine at the University of Maryland School of Medicine and former Director of the Maryland Psychiatric Research Center.","Robert William Farrand retired in 1998 after 34 years in the U.S. Foreign Service. He served as Ambassador to Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, and Vanuatu from 1990 until 1993. ","In 1988-89 he led the U.S. delegation of medical and forensic professionals to investigate the Soviet Union's political weaponizing of psychiatry, for which he received a Superior Honor Award.","Farrand was concurrently Supervisor of the Bosnian city of Brčko and Deputy High Representative for the northern sector of Bosnia and Herzegovina (1997 to 2000).  ","Dr. Robert Hirschfeld is Professor of Psychiatry at Weill Cornell Medical College. He was the team leader of team # 3 during the 1989 psychiatric delegation to the U.S.S.R.","Mr. William Hopkins is a retired U.S. State Department staff interpreter. During the 1989 U.S. psychiatric mission to the USSR, he interpreted for team # 2 under the leadership of Dr. William Carpenter.","Mr. I. is a Soviet/Ukrainian dissident who was repeatedly involuntarily committed to a psychiatric hospital for political reasons. He was one of the people interviewed by the U.S. State Department investigative psychiatric mission to the U.S.S.R. in 1989.","Dr. Keith is the Emeritus Milton Rosenbaum Professor of Psychiatry and Psychology at the University of New Mexico School of Medicine. He was a Deputy Director and Associate Director for Schizophrenia Programs at the NIMH as of 1989. He was the team leader of team # 1 during the 1989 psychiatric delegation to the U.S.S.R.","Dr. Felix Kleyman is a psychiatrist practicing in New York City. At the time of the 1989 U.S. State Department mission to the Soviet Union to investigate abuse of psychiatry, Dr. Kleyman was an assistant clinical professor of psychiatry at New York Medical College. Dr. Kleyman was one of the few Russian-speaking, U.S.S.R. and U.S.-trained psychiatrists on the American team. Dr. Kleyman was also a member of the 1991 W.P.A.  mission to the Soviet Union once the All-Union Society of Psychiatrists and Narcologists was provisionally readmitted to the W.P.A.","As of 1989, Mr. Kovalev was a Senior Advisor of the Department for International Humanitarian and Cultural Relations at the Soviet Ministry of Foreign Affairs. He was charged with bringing Soviet legislation and practice in line with the international obligations of the U.S.S.R. Mr. Kovalev was responsible for the development and implementation of the psychiatric reform, including the organization of the visit of the American psychiatric delegation in 1989.","At the time of the 1989 U.S. psychiatric mission to the U.S.S.R. Ms. Mercer was the Director of the A.P.A. Office of International Affairs. She is believed to be one of the initiators of the visit and was deeply involved in its planning and preparation as the representative of the American Psychiatric Association (A.P.A.). During the visit itself, she was a member of the team inspecting psychiatric hospitals on the ground.","John T. Monahan is the John S. Shannon Distinguished Professor of Law, Professor of Psychology, Hunton Andrews Kurth Professor of Law at the University of Virginia School of Law. He was the only forensic psychologist on the 1989 U.S. State Department investigative psychiatric mission to the Soviet Union.","Mr. Reddaway is a renowned expert on Russian and Soviet politics, author of many books and publications. He is Professor Emeritus of Political Science and International Affairs at George Washington University.","Dr. Darrel Regier was the Scientific Director of the 1989 State Department investigative mission to the U.S.S.R. and coordinated all aspects of the clinical assessment procedure. Dr. Regier completed twenty-five years at the National Institute of Mental Health (N.I.M.H.), during which time he directed three research divisions in the areas of epidemiology, prevention, clinical research, and health services research. Dr. Regier is currently a Senior Scientist at the Center for the Study of Traumatic Stress, in the Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine and Department of Psychiatry, Uniformed Services University. He also serves as an independent senior scientific consultant to the American Psychiatric Association (A.P.A.) on DSM-5 and research related issues.","Dr. Roth was the psychiatric leader of the 1989 U.S. State Department investigative psychiatric mission to the U.S.S.R. Following 44 years of distinguished service to the Department of Psychiatry and the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Loren H. Roth, M.D., M.P.H., was recognized and awarded Emeritus status at a special reception following the Department's Annual Research Day held June 7, 2018. \nPrior to his being an Emeritus Professor, for the previous five years Dr. Roth was the Associate Senior Vice Chancellor, Clinic Policy and Planning, Health Sciences, University of Pittsburgh; Distinguished Service Professor of Psychiatry, Professor of Health Policy and Management, and Clinical and Translational Science; and Senior Advisor, Quality, UPMC Health Plan.  In addition to his many academic positions, Dr. Roth has held multiple leadership roles at UPMC culminating in his being the first Chief Medical Officer of the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (U.P.M.C.) (2003-2007).","Mr. S. is a Soviet/Russian dissident who was repeatedly involuntarily committed to a psychiatric hospital for political reasons. He was one of the people interviewed by the U.S. State Department investigative psychiatric mission to the U.S.S.R. in 1989.","Fluent in English and Russian, Ms. Smith was a contract interpreter for the U.S. State Department for many years. She interpreted for both the 1989 American delegation and the 1991 WPA delegation to the Soviet Union. During the 1989 trip, she was on the sub-team # 1 under the leadership of Dr. Samuel J. Keith, M.D. interpreting in Moscow.","Dr. Leon Stern is a Russian-speaking psychiatrist who was a member of the field team that inspected four psychiatric hospitals across the Soviet Union. Dr. Stern is a psychiatrist in private practice."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOlena Protsenko processed this collection. She was a post-doctoral Research Associate in Psychiatry and Law at the University of Virginia School of Law.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Olena Protsenko processed this collection. She was a post-doctoral Research Associate in Psychiatry and Law at the University of Virginia School of Law."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is divided into two series. The first series, \"abuse of psychiatry and psychiatrists\", consists of subject files compiled by Dr. Loren Roth, Professor of Psychiatry at the University of Pittsburgh. They are evidence of Dr. Roth's efforts to stop the abuse of psychiatry and psychiatrists for political reasons, with an emphasis on the former Soviet Union. The subject files contain correspondence, articles, reports, evaluations, meeting minutes, agendas, planning materials, diaries, photographs, memoranda, handwritten notes, programs, books, videotapes, ephemera, and other items. Together, these materials date from around 1950 to 2008. However the bulk of them date from the 1970s to the 1990s, when Dr. Roth participated in U.S. delegations to the former Soviet Union and was part of the American Psychological Association's (APA) Committees on Human Rights and International Abuse of Psychiatry and Psychiatrists.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nThe second series consists of materials that were gathered and produced for the \"Retrospective Review of the 1989 U.S. State Department Psychiatric Mission to the U.S.S.R.\" project. These materials include oral history interviews with individuals involved with the 1989 mission, a 1989 recorded interview with a psychiatric patient, project correspondence, biographical files, interview minutes, and an organizational chart. Most of the items in this series date from the time of the project, 2021 to 2022.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series consists of subject files that Dr. Loren Henry Roth assembled and used while working to stop the abuse of psychiatry and psychiatrists for political reasons, emphasizing abuse in the former Soviet Union. The files contain correspondence, memoranda, meeting documents, articles, reports, lists, forms, evaluations, photographs, diaries, and other materials.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWorld Psychiatric Association Proposed Declaration of Hawaii; \"Honolulu Paper\": Somerville, John: \"Ethics and Psychiatry,\" (1977); Committee of French Psychiatrists Against The Political Uses of Psychiatry Special Bulletin, the World Congress of Psychiatry in Hawaii; newspaper clippings from Hawaiian newspapers (1977). APA white paper: \"Misuse and Abuse of Psychiatry in the U.S.: A definition and Discussion,\" (1991); correspondence and papers of Paul Chodoff, (1989-1990 and undated); Helmchen, H. and A. Okasha: \"From the Hawaii Declaration to the Declaration of Madrid,\" Acta Psychiatr Scand 200:101: 2023\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCopy of the Report to the Board of Trustees, American Psychiatric Association of the Ad Hoc Committee on the Use of Psychiatric Institutions for the Commitment of Political Dissenters (1972); Boekovski Berichten Bukovsky News: The Case of Irina Grivnina (1985?); Statement of Dr. Algirdas Statkevicius to the Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe (1988); copy of letter from Peter Reddaway to Viktor Nakas, Leon Stern, Robert van Voren and Algirdas Statkevicius (1989); copy of translation of SB case (1987-1989); U.S. Helsinki Watch Committee [memorandum] re Shatravka Family (1988); Committee of Concerned Scientists, Inc \"Call for Action for Three Soviet Former Prisoners of Conscience,\" (1988); and newspaper clippings mainly of Pyotr G. Grigorenko and Anatoly Koryagin\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Special Report, The Medical Profession and the Prevention of Torture,\" The New England Journal of Medicine (October 1985); \"Sowing fear: The Uses of Torture and Psychological Abuse in Chile,\" A Report by Physicians for Human Rights (October 1988); Proposal. Center for Rehabilitation of Torture Victims [RCT], New York, NY and Roseland, New Jersey (undated); RCT International Newsletter on Treatment and Rehabilitation of Torture Victims (1990-1991); RCT IRCT [International Rehabilitation Council for Torture Victims]: Torture [packet of documents] (1991-1992); Jacobsen, Lone and Pete Vesti: Torture Survivors – a New Group of Patients, The Danish Nurses Organization, 1990; Canadian Centre for Victims of Torture\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHuman Rights Task Force of the APA survey on human rights organizations (1984); Human Rights Survey Responses (1988); Human Rights Cases Monitored by the APA (1990); photocopy of European Convention on Human Rights Collected Texts, Strasbourg, 1965.  Folder includes an incomplete set of The World Medical Association press releases (1975-1990), printed materials and news clippings\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDocuments from the Ninth Session of the U.S.-U.S.S.R. Joint Committee for Health Cooperation, (1988-11-17); Trip Report – P.H.S. Delegation Visit to the Soviet Union  November 13-20, 1988 Ninth U.S.-U.S.S.R. Health Committee Meeting (1989-01-25); Summary of Cooperation in Health Between the US Public Health Service and the Ministry of Health of the U.S.S.R. (1989-01-26); Peter Henry thoughts re Implications of Trip for U.S.-Soviet Health Agreement (1989-02-02)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRoth's printed account of trip that he made with Rabbi Mark Staitman, Larry Hurwitz, cardiologist;  Harold and Esther Garfinkel, community leaders; Joy Weber, science writer, and Rabbi Jonathan Stein. September 20-October 1, 1986. (2 versions)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDr. Roth and Ambassador Schifter's preliminary planning documents for the U.S. mission to the U.S.S.R. in April of 1988.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAPA Memorandum re \"use of psychiatry for political purposes\" (1988-03-21); [USSR] Regulations for Psychiatric Hospitals, LS No. 124600 JS/AO Russian, Appendix to Decree No. 225 of the USSR Ministry of Public Health, 21 March 1988; Pre-summit discussions. Report of Soviet Contact (1988-03-23): Gennadi N. Milyokhin, M.D. visit to Parklawn;  [Unedited] On the Record Briefing of Richard Schifter, Assistant Secretary of State for Human Rights and Humanitarian Affairs,  March 25, 1988\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePeter Reddaway: \"Will Perestroika End Political Abuse in Soviet Psychiatry?\" (1988-07-03); copy of pages 5-6 of \"Argumenty I fakty\" No. 11/1987, [Reporter V. Romanenko interviews with  Dr. Marat Vartanyan (1987- 03-21-27)]; anonymous draft \"Ground Rounds\", \"Abuses in Soviet Psychiatry\" (undated); Karklins, Rasma: \"The Dissent/Coercion Nexus in the USSR, Working Paper #36, Soviet Interview Project (1987-05); Roth's handwritten notes; copies of printed materials related to Soviet psychiatry; annotated copy of Berman, Harold J.: Soviet Criminal Law and Procedure. The RSFR Codes. Cambridge, Harvard University Press, 1977, pp. 3-124\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eStipulations for Delegation of U.S. Psychiatrists and Other Experts Visiting the USSR (1988-11-09); Roth's handwritten notes. Also Ellen Mercer U.S.S.R. Trip Confidential  Report (1988 -11) and Saleem A. Shah Department of Health and Human Services Report on International Travel (1988-11-18). Correspondence to Alexander A. Churkin  with documents: US-Soviet Understanding for Delegation of US Psychiatrists and Other Experts Visiting the USSR; \"Discussions\"; Consent Forms for Persons Interviewed and of Relatives and Friends (1988-12-19)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere assesment of Soviet Psychiatry (1988-08-04), memorandum re \"Sensible Tactics re U.S. Delegation on Soviet Psychiatry; human rights and Soviet Psychiatry; \"things to do; Roth's notes; and Roth: \"Uses of Psychiatry in the U.S.S.R. and U.S.A,\" Browning Hoffman Lecture, UVA School of LAw (1988-10-07).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInternational Association on the Political Use of Psychiatry [IAPUP]: Information Bulletin Nos. 3, 9, 11, 18-21; also copy of \"II. The Case of All-Union Society (undated). Soviet Psychiatry News, vol. 1, nos. 1-2 (1989)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eUS State Department Soviet Psychiatric Project Delegation to the Soviet Union Planning Trip – correspondence, telegrams, memoranda re: negotiations, support and concerns, instructions, logistics for the trip. Correspondence with Soviet and US officials, and other psychiatrists. Summary of discussions with Ambassador Richard Schifter (1989-02-11); comments from Saleem Shah (1989-02-10); from Robert van Voren, Ellen Mercer, Dr. Edward Kelty and others.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis sub-series contains materials related to the organization, planning and logistics of the trip, as well as background information about the psychiatric abuse in the U.S.S.R.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis file contains memoranda, handwritten notes, list of participants, questionnaires, Forensic Interview Schedule, and Interpersonal Personality Disorder Examination (IPDE).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDSM-III-R Criteria Checklist (1988-05-23; Structural Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R Patient Version (1988-06-01) SCID-NP/OP Psychotic Screening (1988-06-01); Instruction Manual for the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R (1988 and 1989)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDSM-III-R Criteria Checklist (1988-05-23; Structural Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R Patient Version (1988-06-01) SCID-NP/OP Psychotic Screening (1988-06-01); Instruction Manual for the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R (1988 and 1989)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRussian version of IPDE (1989-02-16); Russian version of Revised SCID Standardized Clinical Study According to DSM-III-PD Criteria (SKID) (1991-04); Russian version of World Psychiatric Association visit to the USSR Forensic Examination (1991-03)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe reports were written by doctors Jonas Rappeport, M.D., Vladimir Levit, MD., Samuel J. Keith, M.D, Darrell A. Regier, M.D., Loren Roth, M.D., Felix Kleyman, M.D., Joseph Bloom, M.D., William. T. Carpenter, M.D., Robert Hirschfeld, M.D., Alla Arsenian (interpreter); Elmore Rigamer, M.D., Joel Klein; Boris Shostokovich, M.D.; John Monahan; Nancy Andreason, M.D.; William Farrand.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReports of forensic evaluations done in Moscow and Leningrad by Jonas R. Rappeport, John Monahan, Joseph D. Bloom; draft of Roth's \"Patient Sample –Description. Methodological Issues – Obstacles\" (1989-04-10); assessments and handwritten notes re patients; Russian document with translation re patients (undated); Roth's notes on various interviewees (1991-02-07)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe materials in this file include Roth's letters to persons who he wished to interview but didn't; U.S. Department of State \"transliteration\" of names (1989-04-04) and inventory of status of cases (1989-04-05)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Delegation of US Psychiatrists Issues Press Statement\" signed by members of the US Psychiatric Delegation: Nancy Andreasen, M. D.; Joseph D. Bloom, M.D.; Richard J. Bonnie; William T. Carpenter, M.D.; Robert M. A. Hirschfeld, M. D.; Samuel J. Keith, M.D.; Joel Klein; Felix L. Kleyman, M.D.; Vladimir A. Levit, M.D.;  David Lozovsky, M. D.; Ellen Mercer, John Monahan, PhD; Jonas R. Rappeport, M.D.; Peter B. Reddaway, Ph.D; Darrel A. Regier, MD.D., M.P.H.; Elmore E. Rigamer, M.D.; Leon Stern, M.D.; Harold M. Visotsky, M. D.]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTestimonies of Darrel A. Regier, Robert W. Farrard, Peter Reddaway, Robert van Voren, Loren H. Roth; statement of Steny H. Hoyer; LHR's handwritten notes; correspondence; responses, printed materials; draft I Report of the U.S. Delegation and Preliminary Soviet Reply: Brief Analysis of Points of Agreement and Disagreement; Loren H. Roth Final Report of the US Delegation to Assess Recent Changes in Soviet Psychiatry. Objectives and Execution of the Visit. American Psychiatric Association Annual Meeting, New York, NY, May 15 1990; some correspondence and memoranda related to CSCE meetings in Copenhagen (June 1990); and copy of U.S. Report (speech) on CSCE – Moscow (1991-10-02)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCopy of Reddaway's Trip to Moscow, October 29-November 2, 1988; memo re: \"The difficult situation we are in: how should we proceed,\" (1989, 02-19); notes on Soviet Psychiatry Developments (1990-01-20); copy of \"Trip to Moscow, August 20-30, 1992.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Dissent and Disorder: Human Rights in Soviet Psychiatry,\" (1989-07-); copy of unauthored paper; \"The Legacy of Psychiatric Abuse in the U.S.S.R.,\" (undated); Russian version and translation of \"Proceedings of the session of Working Party formulating the draft law on 'Psychiatric Help in the U.S.S.R.',\" (1991-02-14)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Soviet Access to and Utilization of Mental Health Services: A Comparative View,\"  paper presented at the National Conference on Soviet Refugee Health and Mental Health, Chicago, IL (1991-12-11); Isaac Ray Lectures: \"The Future of the Doctor-Patient Relationship. Lesson from Two Cultures, The Former Soviet Union and the United States,\" Discussants: Loren H. Roth, M.D., Dean Eckenrode, George Huber, J.D., Mark Schmidhofer, M.D. (1998-05-07)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"The New Soviet Legislation on the Provision of Psychiatric Care,\" speech delivered at the symposium of the International Association on the Political Use of Psychiatry, Washington, D.C., (1988-10-14); Koryagin: \"A Green Light of Injustice,\" Zurich, (1988-12-20); notes from Boris Zoubok, M.D.; copy of \"Law of the USSR on the protection of the rights and legal interests of persons suffering from psychiatric disorders and on the grounds and procedures for the administration of psychiatric care,\" (1990-10-08); Roth's Notes on Meeting of USSR Supreme Soviet Committee on Mental Health Law, Moscow (1990-10-26); copy of Smit, Jonna: \"Human Rights and Mental Health Legislation: the USSR,\" (1991-05-21); van Voren, Robert: \"Ukrainian Psychiatry: Starting from Scratch,\" (undated); Regulations on a psychiatric hospital (Положение о психиатрической больнице), [printed Russian document] CCCP, No. 225, 1988; printed materials and news clippings, 1988-2004; Patients in Psychiatric Hospital Requiring Follow-up and Review – interview methodology, list, memoranda\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDraft and confidential memorandum of meeting with Minister of the Department of Humanitarian Affairs [Yuri A.] Reshetov. Also interview methodology and memoranda.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eKazan Special Psychiatric Hospital, Vilnius Ordinary Hospital, Kaunas Hospital, Chernyashovsk Special Psychiatric Hospital\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRichard J. Bonnie draft; \"Legal and Humanitarian Aspects of Soviet Psychiatry: Some Preliminary Conclusions\" (1989-03-28); also comments on Klein's and Reddaway reports (1989-04 to 1989-05); LHR Confidential Drafts #1-5 (1989-05-19-31); Objectives of the Clinical Interviews (1989-05-22); Dr. Harold M. Visotsky Response to Joel Kline (1989-05-30); Hospital Team Report by Harold Visotsky, Elmore Rigamer, and Loren H. Roth (1989-05-30); remarks from Joe Bloom (1989-06-05); Richard Bonnie: Note to Members of the US Delegation to the Soviet Union (1989-06-16); Bill Farrad; Executive Summary [annotated] (1989-06-20); \"USSR Psychiatrists at a Human Rights Round Table in Moscow in April 1988,\" annotated copy of attachment sent by Joel Kline to Roth (undated); Vladimir A. Levit comments (1989-06-26); Saleem [Shah]: Soviet Compliance and Study Limitations (1989-06-28) and comments (1989-06-26); Peter Reddaway draft (1989-06-28) [2 folders], 1989-03 to 1989-06\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlso: State Department \"rough translation\" of Soviet response: \"Response to the medical part of the report by the U.S. delegation of psychiatrists and lawyers,\" (1989-07-06); Draft translation of the final Soviet comments on the report: Commentary on the Report [130008 JS/AO Russian] (1989-09-26); U.S. Department of State Memorandum re Comments on the Soviet response to the Report (1989-10-12); printed Russian document inscribed by Polubinskaya to Loren H. Roth: [Academy of Sciences of the U.S.S.R., Soviet State and Right. Separate Report, Moscow 1990];  translation of S. V. Polubinskaya and S. V. Borodin: \"The Legal Problems of Soviet Psychiatry: The Views of American and Soviet Experts,\" Soviet State Law, No. 5, 1990, pp. 67-76\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResolution of the WPA (1989-10-17); WPA Statement by the All Union Society of Soviet Psychiatrists and Narcologists of the U.S.S.R. before the World Psychiatric Association General Assembly in Athens (1989-10-18); Memorandum re: Site Visit by the WPA Review Committee to the U.S.S.R. (1990-03-13); Reddaway, Peter: The Struggle over Reform in Soviet Psychiatry Intensifies: Is the Establishment Beginning to Panic? (1990-04-30); Remarks by Svetlana Poloubinskaya at the APA's Committee of International Abuse of Psychiatry and Psychiatrists (1990-05-16)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAPA correspondence with the Center for Democracy in the U.S.S.R., U.S. Department of State, (Schifter and Mercer); University of London Institute of Psychiatry, 1989-05 to 1989-11. Also, miscellaneous correspondence with literary agents (1989-03 to 1989-04)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTranslations of A.  Karpov, Chief Psychiatrist, U.S.S.R. Ministry of Health: \"The Registration of Mental Patients in the U.S.S.R.\" (1990-10-25) and \"Basic Findings of the Conclusion of the U.S.S.R. Constitutional Supervision Committee on Whether Legislation for the Compulsory Treatment and Re-Education of Through Labour of Persons Suffering from Alcoholism or Drug-Addiction Conforms to the U.S.S.R. Constitution and International Enactments on Human Rights,\" by B. M. Lazarev, Deputy Chairman of the USSR Constitutional Supervision Committee (1990-10-25). Also Saleem A. Shah: \"Forensic Interview Schedule\". Correspondence with Otto Dorr Zegers, Csaba Banki, M.P. Deva, Driss Moussaoui, Jim Birley, and Gerard Low-Geer\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence with Dr. Otto Dörr-Zegers (Chile); Dr. Csava Bànki (Hungary); Dr. M. P. Deva (Malaysia); Dr. Driss Moussaoui (Morocco); Dr. Jim Birley (WPA Negotiating Team); Dr. Gerard Low-Greer (England).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluded are: Gostin, Larry: \"Human Rights in Mental Health: Japan. Report of an international mission to Japan: 1987,\"  World Health Organization/Harvard University International Collaborating Center on Health Legislation, World Federation for Mental Health [1987]; Kawasaki, Shigeru: \"Like a Shedding Snake,\" English Summary, J. JAPH 2:2 Spring 1991; news-clippings.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence with Ellen Mercer re Singapore (1985-09-18); UN Commission on Human Rights E/CN. 4 Sub.2/1988/23: Report on the Sessional Working Group on the question of persons detained on the grounds of mental ill-health or suffering from mental disorder; Proceedings. International Forum on Mental Health Reform, Kyoto, Japan, January 29-30, 1987; Benatar, S. R.: correspondence and articles (1990); Final draft of the \"UN Principles Produced by the Working Group on Human Rights,\" Annex A Principles for the Protection of Persons with Mental Illness and for the Improvement of Mental Health Care\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe sub-series consists of materials Loren Roth collected as part of his work on this committee. These include meeting minutes and agendas, correspondence, reports, articles, clippings, memoranda, and other items.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAPA lists of cases in the U.S.S.R., Yugoslavia and Romania (1988-07-05); memo for the record re Soviet dissidents\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAPA minutes of meeting (1988-09-07); Draft Statement Following Discussion with Dr. Sabshin; APA Draft Resolution by the Committee on International Abuse of Psychiatry to not object to the re-admittance of  the All-Union Society of Psychiatrists and Neuropathologists of the USSR into the WPA (1988-09-07); minutes of the APA Committee on Human Rights (1988-09-09); some correspondence, (1988 -09)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMinutes of conference call (1989-02-15); correspondence; IAPUP documents re to Soviet psychiatry (1989-02); copy of Dr. Marvin Brook handwritten comments on the By-Laws of the WPA (undated); Application of the Independent Psychiatric Association of the USSR (IPA) for membership to the WPA, includes Constitution and Declaration (1989-03-09); APA Guidelines for Psychiatric Services in Jails and Prisons; APA draft guidelines on the Right of Refuse (Anti-Psychotic) Medication.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes some correspondence and documents: Memorandum re Revision of the WPA Review Committee's Operational Instrument ( 1989-04-270; translation of letter from Nikolai Fedrovich Zhukov to US Congress (1989-03-04); IAPUP Documents on the Political Abuse of Psychiatry in the USSR 18: The Founding of the Association of Independent Psychiatrists in the USSR and the US Delegation of Psychiatrist to the USSR (March 1989); IAPUP Report and brochures, 1989-04\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMemorandum re Detention of Cuban psychiatrist Dr. Alfredo Samuel Martínez Lara (1989-04-19); WPA Proposed alterations (1989-04 -25); copy of entrance application of the International Independent Research Centre on Psychiatry to the WPA (1989-03-27), news clippings; Dr. Marat Vartanian original article sent to the International Journal on Mental Health\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluded are: Ellen Mercer and Fini Schulsinger interviews with Radio Canada (1989-03); and \"rough\" transcripts of  Radio Free Europe with Viktor Lanovoy, President of the Independent Association of Psychiatrists (1989-06-15); Croatian Committee for Human Rights press release re human rights abuses (1989-06-24); [translation] of M. Buyanov articles in Uchitelskaya Gazeta (1988-11-19); Association Psychiatric Independent (IPA) press release (1989-04-12); Commission of the European Communities: \"Observations on the State of Implementation of Programme of Psychiatrists Reform in Greece,: (1987-12-31); IAPUP Documents Special Issue: \"The Political Abuse of Psychiatry in Rumania (June 1989);  IAPUP Documents on the Political Abuse of Psychiatry Nos. 22, 23, 24, 25 (June-July 1989)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes Summary of the WPA Executive Committee in Athens and Resolutions (1989-08-18); excerpts of anonymous document \"Autumm 1988, Gerlovka\" re abuse in the USSR ; printed articles, news clippings\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes unofficial translation of  Statement by the All-Union Scientific Society of Psychiatrists (1989-10-02); Remarks of Christian Barton Concerning Allegations of Psychiatric Abuse of Dissidents by the Cuban Government (1989-09-13); Sabshin, Melvin: Statement to the Subcommittee on Health and Environment of the US House of Representatives re APA position on Soviet psychiatric practices (undated); Testimony of Victor Davidoff, former victim of abuse in the Soviet Union (undated); Commentary on the Report \"Assessment of Recent Changes in Soviet Psychiatry, prepared by the US Delegation on the Results of its visit to the USSR,\" (1989-09-15); IPA bulletins (1989 -08-07 and 1989-08-31); news clippings\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes: Liaison Report (1989-10); Gluzman, Semyon: \"Bureaucratic Ethics and Soviet Psychiatry,\" (1989-11) and Commentary on the Memorandum of G. Lukacher (1989-10-14) re All Union Scientific Society of Psychiatrists; translation of A.I. letter \"To the World Congress of the WPA,\" (1989-10-16); translation of letter from Social Organizations in Leningrad To the Participants in the Congress of the WPA (Athens, Greece, October 1989); Schifter, Richard: \"An Inventory of Soviet Human Rights Developments\" (1989-10-04); IAPUP Documents on the Political Abuse of Psychiatry in the USSR No. 29, 30\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSome copies of  documents related to the former Yugoslavia; lists of interments and releases in the Soviet Union (1989-12-21); draft translation of [Sotsialisticheskaya Industriya] A Detail report: Psychiatry Without Secrets (1989-10-31); Documents on the Political Abuse of Psychiatry in the Soviet Union 31 (1989-12); WPA Minutes (1989-08-11-13)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence related to abuses in Cuba; Pena, Jose M. et al: \"Abuse and Misuse of Psychiatry in the U.S.: The Need for an Institutional Ethics,\" (1990-02); list of human rights cases monitored by the APA in Argentina, Bulgaria, Cuba, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Malawi, Morocco, Romania, South Africa, Sudan, Turkey, Uruguay, Yugoslavia, Zaire (1990-02-06); Mercer, Ellen: USSR Trip Report/February 25-March 3, 1990\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes: Second World Center Annual Report 1989 and APA Statement on Simón Bolívar Award and Lecture (1990-02-15)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence re Cuban psychiatrists (1990-04); Keston College Support Group: \"Igor Rodionov Report\" (1990-04); Yelena Izyumova Open Letter to the Members of the APA, Moscow May 20, 1990; anonymous essay re : Psychiatric Abuse in the USSR (Helsinki Watch), undated\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlso: \"Proposed New Policies for the APA in Regard to the Abuse of Psychiatry for Political and Other Non-Medical Purposes in the USSR,\" (undated)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes copy of Human Rights Survey Responses (1988-04-01) and reports of the Council on International Affairs, Committee on Human Rights and Committee on International Education\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes reports of the Council on International Affairs, Committee on Human Rights and Committee on International Education; memoranda re IAPUP meetings in Germany (1990-09); letter from Dr. Jeffrey Heller to the Committee on Abuse of Psychiatry re Soviet Delegation at H and CP Institute (1990-10-10); Documents on the Political Abuse of Psychiatry in the USSR No. 38 (1990-09)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes correspondence from Dr. Valerian Tuculesco re post-traumatic stress disorder after the Romanian revolution (1990-10); correspondence re Oleg Vitalyevich Kozlov re hijacked plane to Helsinki (1990-11); American Ambassadors People to People Trip to the USSR 14-27 August 1990 \"Professional Diary\" compiled by E. B. Brody (1990-09-05);  \"Psychiatric Issues Encountered on Recent Trip to USSR,\" memorandum from Holt Ruffin (World Without War) (1990-10-25); Hartmann, Lawrence M.D.: \"Notes on Some Social Psychiatric Problems in Chile, South Africa and the Soviet Union,\" (1990-10); Documents on the Political Abuse of Psychiatry in the USSR Nos. 39, 40, 41; documents relative to the Joint APA-Caribbean Psychiatric Association Meeting; Ellen Mercer: China Trip Report (1990-11)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes reports of the Committee on International Education; Final draft of the UN Principles for the Protection of Persons with Mental Illness and for the Improvement of Mental Health Case (1990-12-11); \"Sugar, Jonathan M.D. et al: \"Psychiatry's Global Challenge: Responsibilities of American Psychiatrists in International Health (undated)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes letter from Dr. Dainiys Pūras re abuse of psychiatry in Lithuania (1991-01-19); correspondence re abuse in Romania (1991-02-08); \"Proposal for The Moscow Center for Rehabilitation of Torture Victims (undated)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes correspondence and document re abuses in Romania; correspondence between Dr. Roth, Gennadi Milyokhin, Juan José López-Ibor, re Revaz Uturgaury (1991-03); correspondence re Soviet individuals\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes CIOMS: Development of International, Ethical Guidelines for Epidemiological Research and Practice, Plenary III Issues related to the HIV/AIDS Pandemic. Proposed Guidelines for International Testing of Vaccines and Drugs against HIV Infection and Aids (1990-11); copies of correspondence between and V. Tuculescu re Romania; Reddaway, Peter: Psychiatric Developments in the USSR (1991-06) and \" Problems of Reforming Soviet Psychiatry and Assuring Rights for the Mentally Ill,\" (undated); \"The Heartbeat of Reform. Soviet Jurists and Political Scientists Discuss the Progress of Perestroika, Glasnot, Democracy, Socialism,\" Translated from the Russian by Vic Schneierson, Moscow, [1991]; Documents on the Political Abuse of Psychiatry in the USSR No. 47, 48\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes reports of the Council on International Affairs, Committee on Human Rights and Committee on International Education. Also includes several documents dated September 1991: Memo for the Record Briefing Meeting for the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences Human Rights Study Group (1991-09-24); USSR Draft Law (17 June 91) on Psychiatric Assistance; Ministry of Health, USSR, All-Union Society of Psychiatrists Governing Board Decision (1991-05-15-16); WPA Memorandum to the All-Union Society of Psychiatrists (1991-07-28); Dr. Stanislaw Golec: \"Health Care in Poland 91\"; \"Instructional Recommendations on the Application of USSR Ministry of Health Order No. 555 (1989-09-19); WPA documents; International Committee of the Red Cross Report on \"Second Working Group of Experts on Battlefield Laser Weapons,\" (1990-11-05-06)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes \"copy of a part\" of Japanese Mental Health Law with translation (1988); translation of  \"law on patient's rights\" in Finland (1991-08); WHO Guidelines for the Clinical Investigation of Antidepressant Drugs (1984)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes LHR handwritten notes re Abuse Committee (1992-04); \"Cuban Dissidents in Psychiatric Hospitals An Update of the Politics of Psychiatry in Revolutionary Cuba,\"; \"Dimineata, 7th January 1992, The Mad People Were Dissidents,\" re Romania (undated); \"The Plenary Session of the Board of Directors of the All-Union Scientific Society of Psychiatrists (1992-05) and Follow-Up of US Team's 1989 Patients list, Appendices 1 and 2 sent to Dr. Birley with names of patients (1992-02); Information about the Patient Bill of Rights Tally Sheet (1992-04); Geneva Initiative on Psychiatry [GPI]: Documents on the Abolition and Prevention of Political Abuse of Psychiatry (1992-03 and 1992-04)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes reports of the Council on International Affairs, Committee on Human Rights and Committee on International Education. Also: Country Reports on Human Rights Practices: Yugoslavia (1992-06-01); GPI: Documents on the Abolition and Prevention of Political Abuse of Psychiatry, April – June 1992; Mercer, Ellen: Exploring Hungarian Psychiatry (1992-05)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes reports of the Council on International Affairs, Committee on Human Rights. Also: International Association for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Allied Professions Proclamation of May 1992: Assuring the Mental Health of Children; APA Bilateral Exchange with Poland Czechoslovakia and Hungary. Summary of Responses and Recommendations of American Participants (1992-03-24 to 1992-04-12); copy of Act of the Russian Federation \"On Psychiatric Care and Citizens' Rights With Regard to Such Care,\" (1992-01); Polubinskaya, Svetlana: \"From the USSR to the Independent States: Where the Former Soviet Psychiatry Will Go,\" (1992-05); GIP Documents on the Abolition and Prevention of Political Abuse of Psychiatry 56, June 1992\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes reports of the Council on International Affairs, Committee on Human Rights. Also correspondence re psychiatric abuse in the former GDR, with the Romanian Psychiatric Association and the Committee to End the Chinese Gulag. \"Psychiatry Under Tyranny. An Assessment of the Political Abuse of Romanian Psychiatry During the Ceaucescu Years,\" Report of a consultative mission to Bucharest on behalf of the Geneva Initiative on Psychiatry (1992-06); GIP Documents on the Abolition and Prevention of Political Abuse of Psychiatry 57, July – August 1992\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe sub-series consists of materials Loren Roth collected as part of his work with this committee. These include meeting minutes and agendas, correspondence, reports, articles, clippings, memoranda, and other items.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluded: \"Human Rights of Mental Patients in Japan,\" (1987 -04); Reich, Walter Report of Meeting with Gennadiy M. Yevstafiev (Soviet, member of the delegation to the Vienna Review Meeting) (1987-07-28); copy of letter from Senator Edward M. Kennedy to Lawrence Hartmann, M.D. re human rights violations in Paraguay (1988-04-22); World Medical Association, INC. memorandum: \"The Facts regarding health services in South Africa during 1987, and the role played by the Medical Association of South Africa,\" (1987-07- 08); Reddaway, Peter: Does Moscow's Purge of Corrupt Psychiatrists Threaten the Psychiatric Gulag?\" (1987-07-13); \"More Revelations about Stefanis' Negotiations with the Soviets (1987-09-11); Center for Victims of Torture pilot project (1987-08-28 and 1987-10); South Africa Briefing (1987-08-07); Minutes of Committee on Abuse of Psychiatry (1987-09-09 and 1987-12-02); \"Victims of Torture in Afghanistan. Presentation for Cairo World Congress\" by Mohammad Azam Dadfar (1987-10-18-22); Gralnick, Alexander M.D.: \"Public Health and Psychiatric Care in Cuba, Personal Report\" (November 1987);Political Imprisonment in Cuba. A Special Report from Amnesty International, The Cuban American Nation Foundation, 1987;  US/Soviet Human Rights Seminar: Statement by Ellen Mercer for the APA (1987-12-03). Also Bloche, Maxwell Gregg: \"Uruguay's Military Physicians: Cogs in a System of State Terror,\" (1987-03)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMiscellaneous documents: minutes, memoranda, correspondence. Included: [Argentina] Tribunal Etico de la Salud contra la Impunidad translation of statement: Medical Ethics Tribunal Against Impunity,\" (1988-01-11); Minutes of the APA Committee on Abuse of Psychiatry (1988-01-20, 1988-04-21; 1988-05-10); some documents related to South Africa, Pakistan, Argentina; Human Rights Survey Responses (1988-03-09); Amnesty International: \"China. Detention Without Trial, Ill-Treatment of Detainees and Police Shooting of Civilians in Tibet,\" (1988-02); Bitsch Christensen, Svend: \"Torture Related Documentation,\" (1987); International Commission of Jurists' Mission to Japan Preliminary Report and Recommendations (1988-04); \"The Casualties of Conflict: Medical Care and Human Rights in the West Bank and Gaza Strip,\" Report of a Medical Fact Finding Mission by Physicians for Human Rights, (1988-03); Amnesty International Commission Medicale: Medicine at Risks. The Doctor as Abuser or Victim,\" (1987-09)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMiscellaneous documents: minutes, memoranda, correspondence related to Soviet psychiatry; human rights abuses in Honduras, Czechoslovakia, Somalia, South Africa, Israel, Haiti, Cuba, Egypt, China, BahrainGudava, Eduard M.D.: \"The events in Tbilisi, Georgia  (1989-04-18); Vesti, Peter and Inge Kemp: \"Chapter I: Treatment of Torture Survivors – theoretical views,\" \"Chapter 2: Rehabilitation of Torture Survivors, \" (1989-10); Collazo, Carlos R. M.D. and Martha Gerpe M.D.: \"Missing Parents,\" Paper presented at The World Psychiatric Association, Athens, October 1989\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFile includes: RCT [Rehabilitation and Research Centre for Torture Victims] 7th Annual Report (1990-01); APA Position Statement on Apartheid and Academic Boycotting of South Africa (1990-01); Human Rights Cases Monitored by the APA (1990-02-01); signed Petition by doctors to recommend the APA to condemn the government of Turkey (1990-08); LHR handwritten notes of September meeting;  APA Council on International Affairs Joint Reference Committee (1990-10-12); Boyajian, Levon Z. M.D.: The Psychological Sequelae of the Armenian Genocide (1982); Leros Trip. Report on Visit to the Mental Institution on the Island of Leros, Greece (1989-12-3-5); \"'Bloody Sunday Trauma in Tbilisi. The Eents of April 9, 1989 and their Aftermath,\" Report of a Medical Mission to Soviet Georgia by Physicians for Human Rights, February 1990; printed materials.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFiles include documents re Armenian Genocide and from the Free Romanian Foundation; \"Program for Administrators and Educators Specializing in Programs for People With Disabilities,\" with the Persian Gulf (1991-04); Martínez Lara, Samuel: \"Psychiatry in Cuba: Perspectives of a Human Rights Activist\" (1991-09-27);  ); National Academy of Sciences: \"Considerations Regarding Individual Scientific Visits to the People's Republic of China,\" (October 1991); also some documents about torture\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFiles include documents re torture in Egypt (1992-01); Dadfar, A. Azam M.D.: \"The Deep Scars of a Forgotten War, \" Psychiatry Centre for the Afghans; correspondence with Levon Z. Boyajian M.D. (1992-02); Croatian Medical Journal: \"Medical Testimony of the Vukovar Tragedy\"; memorandum re \"Abuse and Misuse of Psychiatry in the United States\" (1992-02); Committee to End the Chinese Gulag: \"On behalf of Political Prisoners in China: How to Raise Human Rights Cases,\" (1992-04); memoranda and correspondence re abuse of Palestinian physician (1992-05); APA Position Statement on Homosexuality and Civil Rights (1992-07); Americas Watch, Vol.4, Issue 7: \"Dangerous Dialogue, Attacks on Freedom of Expression in Miami's Cuban Exile Community,\" (1992-08);  Amnesty International French Section, Medical Group: \"Corporal Punishment. A study on legislation and enforcement in 18 countries,\" (1992); \"Stop Torture in Korea (STIK)\" (1998-08); APA Council on International Affairs: \"International Inpatients Bill of Rights,\" (1992-08); APA Communications Plan 1992-1994; APA: \"Human Rights and the American Psychiatric Association,\" (1992); memorandum and correspondence re abuse of psychiatry and psychiatrists in México (1992-100; US Department of State: \"Renewing the U.S. Commitment to Human Rights,\" Special Report No. 164;  printed materials\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWorld Health Organization Assignment Report re \"mentally infirm in Romania and possibilities for improvement,\" (1991-11); Rosenberg, David R. M.D. et al: \"A Cross-Cultural Study of \"Ceausescu's Orphans,\" (1992-03); Blom, G. et al: \"Program Touch – A Volunteer Intervention Program to Orphaned Disabled Children in Romania,\" (1991-11); Roth's reappointment as APA Chairperson of the Committee on Human Rights under the Council of International Affairs, (1992-04-13); draft of A.P.A. Action Paper Rescinding the 1982 APA Position on the Insanity Defense (1992-05-01); Pierce, Chester M. M.D.: \"Public Health and Human Rights: Racism, Torture and Terrorism,\" presented at American Psychiatric Association Annual Meeting (1992-05-04)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFiles include translation of Croatian pamphlet: \"Protect Yourself and Help Others (1993-02); APA Office of International Affairs: Responses to Human Rights Questionnaire,\" (1993-08-18); Citizens Support Committee for the Psychiatric Farm Hospital Dr. Manuel Ramírez Moreno (1993-7-13)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ecorrespondence and handwritten notes\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eevaluation forms and printed materials\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMeetings between Ukrainian doctors Semyon F. Gluzman, Vladimir I. Poltavets, Valery N. Kutznetsov, Ada I. Korotenko, Oleg A, Nasinnik, Vladimir M. Cherniavsky and Juan Mezzich, American psychiatrist from the West Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh; also some case summaries (1994-02). Russian and English translation.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eextensive correspondence, reports, handwritten notes. Savychyj, Jurij M.D.: \"Psychiatry in Ukraine,\" [1992]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ecorrespondence, Ukrainian fliers, and handwritten notes\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eextensive correspondence, reports, data analysis, forms, handwritten notes (1995-05), \"Codebook\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ecorrespondence, clinical assessment forms, and handwritten notes\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGeneva Initiative on Psychiatry. Annual Reports 1992 and 1995; Documents on the Abolition and Prevention of Political Abuse of Psychiatry Nos. 65-67, 72, 74; \"Concepts for Developing Mental Health Care in Ukraine (First Draft),\" Developed by Experts of Ministry for Health Care, Kiev Research Institute of General and Forensic Psychiatry, Regional Chief Experts and Kiev Psychiatrists.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ecorrespondence and forms\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eemail correspondence, brochures, printed photographs\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJoseph D. Bloom, Kyrill Borissow, William T. Carpenter, Robert W. Farrand, Robert M.A. Hirschfield, William H. Hopkins, Samuel Keith, Felix Kleyman, Andrei A. Kovalev, Ellen Mercer, John Monahan, Darrel A. Regier, Elmore F. Rigamer Jr, Carolyn Smith, Leon Stern\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes: United States – Russia Health Committee 2000 – 2002, printed copies of photographs; The U.S.A. – Russia Health Committee: \"Access to Quality Health Care\" (draft), undated; \"Additional Materials on Diagnosing and Treating Mild and Moderate Depressions,\" [document in Russian with English title]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGershman, Carl: Psychiatric Abuse in the Soviet Union,\" Society, July/August 1984; Lapenna, Ivo: \"The Medico-Legal Society. Use and Misuse of Psychiatry in the USSR,\" The Royal Society of Medicine, London 12th June 1986; McCready, John and Harold Merskey: \"Compliance by physicians with the 1978 Ontario Mental Health Act,\" Reprint from the Canadian Medical Association Journal, Vol. 124, March 15, 1981; McCready, John and Harold Merskey: \"On the Recoding of Mental Illness for Civil Commitment,\" Can. J. Psychiatry Vol. 27, March 1982; Slovenko, Ralph: Analysis. The Destiny of South Africa,\" The World and I, July 1991.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 2021, members of the 1989 American delegation, some Soviet patients, Soviet doctors and other professionals, were invited to participate in the \"Retrospective Review of the 1989 U.S. State Department Psychiatric Mission to the USSR\" oral history project. Nineteen interviews were recorded, sixteen of them with the surviving members of the U.S. delegation, one with Andrei Kovalev, an official at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in the U.S.S.R. at the time, and two with former \"Soviet patients.\" There is also an original 1989 recording of one interview.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThese interviews provide a comprehensive overview of the history of Soviet psychiatric abuse, the reasons why psychiatric diagnosis was used to suppress dissent, the methods, medical and legal procedures, and who were the major players in Soviet psychiatric abuse. Emphasis is also made on assessing the U.S.-Soviet relationship in the 1980s and the special place that the 1989 State Department psychiatric mission to the U.S.S.R. held in the détente. All stages of negotiations and preparations for the mission were discussed as well as the methodology of psychiatric evaluations and the findings of the American experts. An additional emphasis was also made on assessing the state of Soviet psychiatric care as of the late 1980s and all the significant changes it was going through at the time. The role of World Psychiatric Association (WPA), the All-Union Society of Psychiatrists and Narcologists, the American Psychiatric Association and other important organizations, is also given proper attention. The interviewees also discuss the long-term impact that the 1989 U.S. mission made on Soviet and post-Soviet psychiatry.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn the interview Dr. Bloom discusses his career, his interest in the topic of abuse of psychiatry and his involvement in the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric delegation to the U.S.S.R. He talks about the U.S. and Soviet (both Soviet professionals and Soviet interviewees) understanding of the purpose of the visit and  the Soviet's compliance with the terms negotiated for the visit. He also talks about psychiatric hospitalization, detention and commitment process in the U.S.S.R., conditions of hospitalization in Soviet psychiatric hospitals and the legal rights of persons with mental disorders in the U.S.S.R.  Dr. Bloom's explains his impressions from the trip to the Soviet Union and the conclusions made by the American delegation. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe highlights of the interview pertain to Dr. Bloom's recollection of a Soviet person who allegedly had a mental disorder, and his opinion as to the way the American final report should have been approached.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOlena Protsenko, a Post-doctoral Research Associate in Psychiatry and Law at the University of Virginia School of Law, conducted this interview remotely over the Zoom application.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMr. Borissow shares his life story and describes his career. He talks about getting involved in the 1989 State Department trip to the Soviet Union, his previous trips to the U.S.S.R., and the  social and political context that surrounded the visit and made it possible in the first place. Mr. Borissow describes his experience of interpreting in one of the psychiatric hospitals in Moscow as a part of the 1989 American mission as well as the work that Mr. Borissow's sub-team #3 did in Leningrad. He shares very interesting anecdotes that happened during the trip and talks about the lessons he learned during this trip.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOlena Protsenko, a Post-doctoral Research Associate in Psychiatry and Law at the University of Virginia School of Law, conducted this interview remotely over the Zoom application.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn the interview Dr. Carpenter discusses his career, his involvement in the 1989 US State Department psychiatric delegation to the USSR, the main goals of the mission, various aspects of the implementation in great detail, the diagnostic aspects of the study, interview instruments and methodology, the Soviet mental health care system and its shortcomings, the conclusions made by Dr. Carpenter's sub-team, the impact the American visit made to the interviewed individuals an mental health in the region. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDr. Carpenter also discusses the United States - Great Britain cross-national study of schizophrenia conducted in the 1960s and 70s and its pertinency to the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the U.S.S.R. He also talks about the broad diagnostic criteria for sluggish schizophrenia and how much contributed to the missuse of psychiatry in the Soviet Union.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOlena Protsenko, a Post-doctoral Research Associate in Psychiatry and Law at the University of Virginia School of Law, conducted this interview remotely over the Zoom application.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAmbassador Farrand talks about his long successful career in the U.S. State Department, the importance of the Soviet psychiatric abuse to the U.S. government and the larger context of the U.S. - U.S.S.R. relationships. As a person who worked closely with Ambassador Richard Schifter for many years, Mr. Farrand describes Schifter's goals and vision of the 1989 psychiatric mission to the U.S.S.R. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMr. Farrand describes the process of negotiating the terms of the visit and shares insights about interacting with a superpower as the Soviet Union was at that time. He also talks about the the peculiarities of governance in the U.S.S.R., and power dynamics inside the country. Mr. Farrand describes the efforts to preserve transparency and independence of the mission as well as managing its financial aspects and its highlighting in media. Mr. Farrand also talks about glasnost, perestroika, and the collapse of the Soviet Union.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOlena Protsenko, a Post-doctoral Research Associate in Psychiatry and Law at the University of Virginia School of Law, conducted this interview remotely over the Zoom application.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDr. Hirschfeld shares memories about his education and career, the way he got involved in the 1989 State Department psychiatric mission to the U.S.S.R., the methodological approach to the patient interviews, the range of findings of his sub-team # 3 in Leningrad, and his general impressions of the Soviet Union as of 1989.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOlena Protsenko, a Post-doctoral Research Associate in Psychiatry and Law at the University of Virginia School of Law, conducted this interview remotely over the Zoom application.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMr. Hopkins talks at length about the way he became immersed in the Russian studies, his education, and career. He well remembers the settings and arrangements of interviewing the Soviet citizens who allegedly had mental disorders, his expectations and apprehensions about the upcoming 1989 mission, the types of questions asked of the Soviet interviewees, and the peculiarities of his task as an interpreter during this unique venture. He also mentions the debrief that the entire American team had in Washington, D.C. after the visit was over.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOlena Protsenko, a Post-doctoral Research Associate in Psychiatry and Law at the University of Virginia School of Law, conducted this interview remotely over the Zoom application.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMr. I. talks about his early life, family, education, how his dissident views formed and evolved with time. He shares about his repeated contacts with psychiatric system; he also describes his social and political activity and the repercussions he faced as a result. Mr. I. then tells about his criminal case, his forensic psychiatric evaluation, diagnosis, \"symptoms\", finding of non-imputability, the legal procedure used to involuntarily commit him to the Dnepropetrovsk special psychiatric hospital, and the inhumane conditions there. \nMr. I. then describes his transfer to Nikolayev ordinary psychiatric hospital and release; he talks about his dissident activity that brought him back to the same hospital. He also describes his contacts with Ukrainian dissident movement at the end of 1980s and how he got on the list of people to be assessed by the U.S. team. The details of his participation in 1989 U.S. State Department mission are discussed next. Mr. I. then shares about the long-term impact this mission made on his life, his subsequent legal rehabilitation, being taken off the psychiatric register, the removal of his psychiatric diagnosis, his life and activism after 1989. Mr. I. describes some of his most interesting campaigns. The interview ends with a brief discussion of the Russian invasion of Ukraine and how it affected Mr. I.'s life. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOlena Protsenko, a Post-doctoral Research Associate in Psychiatry and Law at the University of Virginia School of Law, conducted this interview remotely over the Zoom application.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDr. Keith talks about the role and expertise of NIMH that was crucial to the success of the 1989 U.S. psychiatric mission to the U.S.S.R. He recapitulates the main points and stumbling blocks of the negotiations with the Soviets in November 1988, various organizational aspects of the mission, as well as the interview instruments and methodology used by the American team. Dr. Keith shares his opinion about the concept of sluggish schizophrenia, its diagnostic criteria, and other factors that made it possible to abuse psychiatry in the Soviet Union. He also emphasizes Soviet life, society, and governance as of 1989. Dr. Keith discusses the Soviets' admission of \"hyperdiagnoses\" and the validity of the excuse of \"hyperdiagnoses\" from the professional point of view. He also expresses his opinion about the tone of the final report and the general context that the American team had to keep in mind when drafting it. Dr. Keith describes Schizophrenia Bulletin and his role as its editor-in-chief. He also talks about the 1990 Soviet Reciprocal Visit to the U.S.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOlena Protsenko, a Post-doctoral Research Associate in Psychiatry and Law at the University of Virginia School of Law, conducted this interview remotely over the Zoom application.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDr. Kleyman is a great source of knowledge about the ins and outs of the Soviet mental health care system as the person who had about 10 years of professional experience on the ground. He talked about the uniqueness of his role during the American psychiatric mission to the U.S.S.R. that resulted from him being a native Russian speaker and being well familiar with life in the Soviet Union. Dr. Kleyman discusses the social and political context that surrounded the 1989 U.S. State Department visit and made it possible in the first place; the doctor patient relationship in the U.S.S.R.; Soviet diagnostic approaches and the role of Soviet psychiatrists during the American visit. Dr. Kleyman recalls his unique trip to Moscow Psychiatric Hospital # 5 to briefly speak with the patient who was claimed by the Soviets to have refused examination. He also talks about his experience as a member of the 1991 W.P.A. mission to the U.S.S.R.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOlena Protsenko, a Post-doctoral Research Associate in Psychiatry and Law at the University of Virginia School of Law, conducted this interview remotely over the Zoom application.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMr. Kovalev tells about the role of various domestic and international actors in the process of democratization of the U.S.S.R. in the late 1980s and bringing human rights into the Soviet Union. He also assesses the political factors of the early 1980s that allowed Gorbachev come to power and retain it. Mr. Kovalev shares his insights about the Soviet foreign policy of the second half of 1980s-early 1990s and the U.S. - U.S.S.R. relationships. He shares his knowledge about the history of abuse of psychiatry and the reasons for resorting to it; the Soviet psychiatric register and the consequences of being on a register; the sealed instruction on involuntary commitment that existed but was not available to the public. Mr. Kovalev talks about the chain of decision making in ensuring that the American visit will actually happen and the key events on that road. He also comments on the internal tensions between the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Ministry of Health (M.O.H.) as well as the resistance put up by the M.O.H. in organizing the American visit. He also shares his views about the \"system dissidents\" in the U.S.S.R.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOlena Protsenko, a Post-doctoral Research Associate in Psychiatry and Law at the University of Virginia School of Law, conducted this interview remotely over the Zoom application.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMs. Mercer talks about her career at the APA and the role that the APA played in advocating for the rights of the persons committed to psychiatric hospitals for non-medical reasons in the USSR. She then discusses the historical context for the 1989 State Department psychiatric delegation to the Soviet Union, including the 1977 Declaration of Hawaii and the All-Union Society's walking out of the WPA in 1983 in the face of an almost certain expulsion. Being a part of the November 1988 negotiation team to the Soviet Union, Ms. Mercer shares her thoughts about the negotiation process and the Soviet's compliance with the terms agreed upon. Ms. Mercer describes the field visit to Soviet psychiatric hospitals and then talks about the Soviet's readmission to the WPA, the role the 1989 U.S. State Department played in this process, the APA's and Ms. Mercer's personal stance with regard to the readmission. Ms. Mercer concludes by discussing the difference the American visit made in the big picture.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOlena Protsenko, a Post-doctoral Research Associate in Psychiatry and Law at the University of Virginia School of Law, conducted this interview remotely over the Zoom application.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDr. Monahan talks about his professional training and the highlights of his career, his memories from the 1989 American visit to the Soviet Union, including the goals of the visit,  its organizational aspects, and its media coverage. Dr. Monahan then focuses on the forensic evaluation methods and results, the rights of psychiatric patients in the Soviet Union, conditions of their hospitalization, treatment, and hospital staffing. Dr. Monahan concludes by describing his general impressions of Moscow and Leningrad and the conclusions the American team made as a result of the visit. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOlena Protsenko, a Post-doctoral Research Associate in Psychiatry and Law at the University of Virginia School of Law, conducted this interview remotely over the Zoom application.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMr. Reddaway talks about his education and career and the way he became interested and immersed in the issue of abuse of psychiatry in the U.S.S.R. He discusses the impact that his and Sidney Bloch's 1977 and 1983 books made in the Soviet Union. He also shares his knowledge about the evolution of punitive psychiatry with each new Soviet leader. Mr. Reddaway talks about Mr. Gorbachev's personality, the political factors in the early 1980s that allowed for such a leader to emerge and retain power; the reasons for perestroika;  the peculiarities of perestroika in psychiatry versus other spheres. Mr. Reddaway gives a comprehensive overview of various internal processes in the Soviet Union at the end of 1980s that were important prerequisites for the 1989 U.S. psychiatric mission. He discusses at length the role of the WPA in the battle against the abuse of psychiatry in the Soviet Union. Mr. Reddaway also gives a detailed overview of the field inspections to Soviet psychiatric hospitals that he did as a member of the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric mission to the U.S.S.R.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOlena Protsenko, a Post-doctoral Research Associate in Psychiatry and Law at the University of Virginia School of Law, conducted this interview remotely over the Zoom application.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe interview with Dr. Regier is of critical importance for the comprehensive retrospective evaluation of the long-term impact of the 1989 State Department investigative mission to the U.S.S.R. Dr. Regier not only played a key role in the preparation and implementation of the mission, but also successfully continued to help develop the quality and accessibility of mental health services in Russia after the U.S.S.R. collapse. Dr. Regier also continued to tackle the issue of psychiatric abuse in China.  \nIn his interview, Dr. Regier gives a historical overview of the development of diagnostic criteria that was subsequently used during the U.S. State Department investigative mission to the U.S.S.R. relating to psychiatric abuse. This interview provides a great description of the methodology used during the interviews. Dr. Regier also describes the NIMH goals, unique role and contribution to the 1989 mission and shares his insights about the factors that made it possible to weaponize psychiatry against dissidents in the Soviet Union. Dr. Regier also tells about his role in the work of Gore-Chernomyrdin Commission in the area on mental health care in Russia post the Soviet Union breakup.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOlena Protsenko, a Post-doctoral Research Associate in Psychiatry and Law at the University of Virginia School of Law, conducted this interview remotely over the Zoom application.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDr. Roth describes his training and the highlights of his career; he then tells how he became interested in the issue of abuse of psychiatry in the U.S.S.R. His two human rights trips to the U.S.S.R. in 1985 and 1986 are discussed next. Dr. Roth then gives an overview of the general political background to the visit and tensions between him and Ambassador Schifter about some critical aspect of the visit. Dr. Roth then describes in detail the negotiation process between the U.S. and Soviet side, the main stumbling blocks, how he managed to overcome them, and who were his allies. Dr. Roth describes the Soviet uncooperativeness and tensions between the Ministry of Health and Ministry of Foreign Affairs. He then talks about informed consents, interview procedures, and the visit dynamics. He shares some anecdotes and most memorable events; he also talks about the people who meaningfully contributed to making the mission successful.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOlena Protsenko, a Post-doctoral Research Associate in Psychiatry and Law at the University of Virginia School of Law, conducted this interview remotely over the Zoom application.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMr. S. describes his early years, how his dissident views formed, his first arrest under Article 70 of the Criminal Code, his expert psychiatric evaluation at the Serbsky Institute, and the judicial procedure that followed. He describes his subsequent commitment in an 'ordinary' psychiatric hospital and shares insights about the internal regulations, regime, and the release procedure. He also talks about his next arrest and the legal aspects of it. Mr. S. shares his views about whether Soviet psychiatrists seriously believed that 'failure to adapt to the society' was a sign of mental illness and whether they can be blamed for presumably following the orders from above.  Mr. S. proceedes to describe his transfer to a special psychiatric hospital, the mass release of political prisoners in 1987, the reasons for such a drastic change of the political course in the Soviet Union, and gives an overview of the U.S. – U.S.S.R. relationship in the second half of the twentieth century. He then talks about how the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric mission to the U.S.S.R. fit into the broader human rights negotiations in the CSCE. Mr. S. tells how he taken off the psychiatric register\nand legally rehabilitated; he talks about the destiny of the Criminal Code 'political' articles 70 and 190-1 and current political articles in Russian Criminal Code used to suppress dissent.\nMr. S. shares about his life and political activity after 1989, his subsequent arrests, and his assessment of the evolution of civil and political freedom in Russia after 1989.\nHe then talks about the future of Russia, his own future as a dissident in Russia, and his views about the Russian war in Ukraine.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOlena Protsenko, a Post-doctoral Research Associate in Psychiatry and Law at the University of Virginia School of Law, conducted this interview remotely over the Zoom application.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn addition to the oral history given in 2022, this file contains a recording of an interview that Mr. S gave on March 2, 1989.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMs. Smith shares her memories about interpreting for both 1989 U.S. State Department delegation and the 1991 WPA delegation to the Soviet Union. She explains how this experience compares to the other interesting projects she has been involved in throughout her career. She describes her most prominent memories about this job as well as the Soviet Union as of 1989. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOlena Protsenko, a Post-doctoral Research Associate in Psychiatry and Law at the University of Virginia School of Law, conducted this interview remotely over the Zoom application.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDr. Stern describes his career and his pathway from the Soviet Union to the U.S. He shares his insights about some aspects of Soviet history, the issue of psychiatric abuse, its roots and reasons the Soviet government resorted to psychiatry to oppress dissent. Dr. Stern talks about the major differences between special psychiatrist hospitals vs. ordinary psychiatrist hospitals and gives some excellent illustrations of \"symptoms\" that the Soviet school of psychiatry considered signs of mental disorder. Dr. Stern shares his opinion as to the reasons why Soviet psychiatrists engaged in unethical practices. Dr. Stern describes the field trip in great detail, including some anecdotes and specific instances. He concludes by identifying the most important changes needed in Soviet psychiatry at the time and assesses the overall success of the American mission to the Soviet Union. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOlena Protsenko, a Post-doctoral Research Associate in Psychiatry and Law at the University of Virginia School of Law, conducted this interview remotely over the Zoom application.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis file includes correspondence with Richard Schifter and Robert van Voren.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection is divided into two series. The first series, \"abuse of psychiatry and psychiatrists\", consists of subject files compiled by Dr. Loren Roth, Professor of Psychiatry at the University of Pittsburgh. They are evidence of Dr. Roth's efforts to stop the abuse of psychiatry and psychiatrists for political reasons, with an emphasis on the former Soviet Union. The subject files contain correspondence, articles, reports, evaluations, meeting minutes, agendas, planning materials, diaries, photographs, memoranda, handwritten notes, programs, books, videotapes, ephemera, and other items. Together, these materials date from around 1950 to 2008. However the bulk of them date from the 1970s to the 1990s, when Dr. Roth participated in U.S. delegations to the former Soviet Union and was part of the American Psychological Association's (APA) Committees on Human Rights and International Abuse of Psychiatry and Psychiatrists.","\nThe second series consists of materials that were gathered and produced for the \"Retrospective Review of the 1989 U.S. State Department Psychiatric Mission to the U.S.S.R.\" project. These materials include oral history interviews with individuals involved with the 1989 mission, a 1989 recorded interview with a psychiatric patient, project correspondence, biographical files, interview minutes, and an organizational chart. Most of the items in this series date from the time of the project, 2021 to 2022.","This series consists of subject files that Dr. Loren Henry Roth assembled and used while working to stop the abuse of psychiatry and psychiatrists for political reasons, emphasizing abuse in the former Soviet Union. The files contain correspondence, memoranda, meeting documents, articles, reports, lists, forms, evaluations, photographs, diaries, and other materials.","World Psychiatric Association Proposed Declaration of Hawaii; \"Honolulu Paper\": Somerville, John: \"Ethics and Psychiatry,\" (1977); Committee of French Psychiatrists Against The Political Uses of Psychiatry Special Bulletin, the World Congress of Psychiatry in Hawaii; newspaper clippings from Hawaiian newspapers (1977). APA white paper: \"Misuse and Abuse of Psychiatry in the U.S.: A definition and Discussion,\" (1991); correspondence and papers of Paul Chodoff, (1989-1990 and undated); Helmchen, H. and A. Okasha: \"From the Hawaii Declaration to the Declaration of Madrid,\" Acta Psychiatr Scand 200:101: 2023","Copy of the Report to the Board of Trustees, American Psychiatric Association of the Ad Hoc Committee on the Use of Psychiatric Institutions for the Commitment of Political Dissenters (1972); Boekovski Berichten Bukovsky News: The Case of Irina Grivnina (1985?); Statement of Dr. Algirdas Statkevicius to the Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe (1988); copy of letter from Peter Reddaway to Viktor Nakas, Leon Stern, Robert van Voren and Algirdas Statkevicius (1989); copy of translation of SB case (1987-1989); U.S. Helsinki Watch Committee [memorandum] re Shatravka Family (1988); Committee of Concerned Scientists, Inc \"Call for Action for Three Soviet Former Prisoners of Conscience,\" (1988); and newspaper clippings mainly of Pyotr G. Grigorenko and Anatoly Koryagin","\"Special Report, The Medical Profession and the Prevention of Torture,\" The New England Journal of Medicine (October 1985); \"Sowing fear: The Uses of Torture and Psychological Abuse in Chile,\" A Report by Physicians for Human Rights (October 1988); Proposal. Center for Rehabilitation of Torture Victims [RCT], New York, NY and Roseland, New Jersey (undated); RCT International Newsletter on Treatment and Rehabilitation of Torture Victims (1990-1991); RCT IRCT [International Rehabilitation Council for Torture Victims]: Torture [packet of documents] (1991-1992); Jacobsen, Lone and Pete Vesti: Torture Survivors – a New Group of Patients, The Danish Nurses Organization, 1990; Canadian Centre for Victims of Torture","Human Rights Task Force of the APA survey on human rights organizations (1984); Human Rights Survey Responses (1988); Human Rights Cases Monitored by the APA (1990); photocopy of European Convention on Human Rights Collected Texts, Strasbourg, 1965.  Folder includes an incomplete set of The World Medical Association press releases (1975-1990), printed materials and news clippings","Documents from the Ninth Session of the U.S.-U.S.S.R. Joint Committee for Health Cooperation, (1988-11-17); Trip Report – P.H.S. Delegation Visit to the Soviet Union  November 13-20, 1988 Ninth U.S.-U.S.S.R. Health Committee Meeting (1989-01-25); Summary of Cooperation in Health Between the US Public Health Service and the Ministry of Health of the U.S.S.R. (1989-01-26); Peter Henry thoughts re Implications of Trip for U.S.-Soviet Health Agreement (1989-02-02)","Roth's printed account of trip that he made with Rabbi Mark Staitman, Larry Hurwitz, cardiologist;  Harold and Esther Garfinkel, community leaders; Joy Weber, science writer, and Rabbi Jonathan Stein. September 20-October 1, 1986. (2 versions)","Dr. Roth and Ambassador Schifter's preliminary planning documents for the U.S. mission to the U.S.S.R. in April of 1988.","APA Memorandum re \"use of psychiatry for political purposes\" (1988-03-21); [USSR] Regulations for Psychiatric Hospitals, LS No. 124600 JS/AO Russian, Appendix to Decree No. 225 of the USSR Ministry of Public Health, 21 March 1988; Pre-summit discussions. Report of Soviet Contact (1988-03-23): Gennadi N. Milyokhin, M.D. visit to Parklawn;  [Unedited] On the Record Briefing of Richard Schifter, Assistant Secretary of State for Human Rights and Humanitarian Affairs,  March 25, 1988","Peter Reddaway: \"Will Perestroika End Political Abuse in Soviet Psychiatry?\" (1988-07-03); copy of pages 5-6 of \"Argumenty I fakty\" No. 11/1987, [Reporter V. Romanenko interviews with  Dr. Marat Vartanyan (1987- 03-21-27)]; anonymous draft \"Ground Rounds\", \"Abuses in Soviet Psychiatry\" (undated); Karklins, Rasma: \"The Dissent/Coercion Nexus in the USSR, Working Paper #36, Soviet Interview Project (1987-05); Roth's handwritten notes; copies of printed materials related to Soviet psychiatry; annotated copy of Berman, Harold J.: Soviet Criminal Law and Procedure. The RSFR Codes. Cambridge, Harvard University Press, 1977, pp. 3-124","Stipulations for Delegation of U.S. Psychiatrists and Other Experts Visiting the USSR (1988-11-09); Roth's handwritten notes. Also Ellen Mercer U.S.S.R. Trip Confidential  Report (1988 -11) and Saleem A. Shah Department of Health and Human Services Report on International Travel (1988-11-18). Correspondence to Alexander A. Churkin  with documents: US-Soviet Understanding for Delegation of US Psychiatrists and Other Experts Visiting the USSR; \"Discussions\"; Consent Forms for Persons Interviewed and of Relatives and Friends (1988-12-19)","re assesment of Soviet Psychiatry (1988-08-04), memorandum re \"Sensible Tactics re U.S. Delegation on Soviet Psychiatry; human rights and Soviet Psychiatry; \"things to do; Roth's notes; and Roth: \"Uses of Psychiatry in the U.S.S.R. and U.S.A,\" Browning Hoffman Lecture, UVA School of LAw (1988-10-07).","International Association on the Political Use of Psychiatry [IAPUP]: Information Bulletin Nos. 3, 9, 11, 18-21; also copy of \"II. The Case of All-Union Society (undated). Soviet Psychiatry News, vol. 1, nos. 1-2 (1989)","US State Department Soviet Psychiatric Project Delegation to the Soviet Union Planning Trip – correspondence, telegrams, memoranda re: negotiations, support and concerns, instructions, logistics for the trip. Correspondence with Soviet and US officials, and other psychiatrists. Summary of discussions with Ambassador Richard Schifter (1989-02-11); comments from Saleem Shah (1989-02-10); from Robert van Voren, Ellen Mercer, Dr. Edward Kelty and others.","This sub-series contains materials related to the organization, planning and logistics of the trip, as well as background information about the psychiatric abuse in the U.S.S.R.","This file contains memoranda, handwritten notes, list of participants, questionnaires, Forensic Interview Schedule, and Interpersonal Personality Disorder Examination (IPDE).","DSM-III-R Criteria Checklist (1988-05-23; Structural Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R Patient Version (1988-06-01) SCID-NP/OP Psychotic Screening (1988-06-01); Instruction Manual for the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R (1988 and 1989)","DSM-III-R Criteria Checklist (1988-05-23; Structural Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R Patient Version (1988-06-01) SCID-NP/OP Psychotic Screening (1988-06-01); Instruction Manual for the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R (1988 and 1989)","Russian version of IPDE (1989-02-16); Russian version of Revised SCID Standardized Clinical Study According to DSM-III-PD Criteria (SKID) (1991-04); Russian version of World Psychiatric Association visit to the USSR Forensic Examination (1991-03)","The reports were written by doctors Jonas Rappeport, M.D., Vladimir Levit, MD., Samuel J. Keith, M.D, Darrell A. Regier, M.D., Loren Roth, M.D., Felix Kleyman, M.D., Joseph Bloom, M.D., William. T. Carpenter, M.D., Robert Hirschfeld, M.D., Alla Arsenian (interpreter); Elmore Rigamer, M.D., Joel Klein; Boris Shostokovich, M.D.; John Monahan; Nancy Andreason, M.D.; William Farrand.","Reports of forensic evaluations done in Moscow and Leningrad by Jonas R. Rappeport, John Monahan, Joseph D. Bloom; draft of Roth's \"Patient Sample –Description. Methodological Issues – Obstacles\" (1989-04-10); assessments and handwritten notes re patients; Russian document with translation re patients (undated); Roth's notes on various interviewees (1991-02-07)","The materials in this file include Roth's letters to persons who he wished to interview but didn't; U.S. Department of State \"transliteration\" of names (1989-04-04) and inventory of status of cases (1989-04-05)","\"Delegation of US Psychiatrists Issues Press Statement\" signed by members of the US Psychiatric Delegation: Nancy Andreasen, M. D.; Joseph D. Bloom, M.D.; Richard J. Bonnie; William T. Carpenter, M.D.; Robert M. A. Hirschfeld, M. D.; Samuel J. Keith, M.D.; Joel Klein; Felix L. Kleyman, M.D.; Vladimir A. Levit, M.D.;  David Lozovsky, M. D.; Ellen Mercer, John Monahan, PhD; Jonas R. Rappeport, M.D.; Peter B. Reddaway, Ph.D; Darrel A. Regier, MD.D., M.P.H.; Elmore E. Rigamer, M.D.; Leon Stern, M.D.; Harold M. Visotsky, M. D.]","Testimonies of Darrel A. Regier, Robert W. Farrard, Peter Reddaway, Robert van Voren, Loren H. Roth; statement of Steny H. Hoyer; LHR's handwritten notes; correspondence; responses, printed materials; draft I Report of the U.S. Delegation and Preliminary Soviet Reply: Brief Analysis of Points of Agreement and Disagreement; Loren H. Roth Final Report of the US Delegation to Assess Recent Changes in Soviet Psychiatry. Objectives and Execution of the Visit. American Psychiatric Association Annual Meeting, New York, NY, May 15 1990; some correspondence and memoranda related to CSCE meetings in Copenhagen (June 1990); and copy of U.S. Report (speech) on CSCE – Moscow (1991-10-02)","Copy of Reddaway's Trip to Moscow, October 29-November 2, 1988; memo re: \"The difficult situation we are in: how should we proceed,\" (1989, 02-19); notes on Soviet Psychiatry Developments (1990-01-20); copy of \"Trip to Moscow, August 20-30, 1992.\"","\"Dissent and Disorder: Human Rights in Soviet Psychiatry,\" (1989-07-); copy of unauthored paper; \"The Legacy of Psychiatric Abuse in the U.S.S.R.,\" (undated); Russian version and translation of \"Proceedings of the session of Working Party formulating the draft law on 'Psychiatric Help in the U.S.S.R.',\" (1991-02-14)","\"Soviet Access to and Utilization of Mental Health Services: A Comparative View,\"  paper presented at the National Conference on Soviet Refugee Health and Mental Health, Chicago, IL (1991-12-11); Isaac Ray Lectures: \"The Future of the Doctor-Patient Relationship. Lesson from Two Cultures, The Former Soviet Union and the United States,\" Discussants: Loren H. Roth, M.D., Dean Eckenrode, George Huber, J.D., Mark Schmidhofer, M.D. (1998-05-07)","\"The New Soviet Legislation on the Provision of Psychiatric Care,\" speech delivered at the symposium of the International Association on the Political Use of Psychiatry, Washington, D.C., (1988-10-14); Koryagin: \"A Green Light of Injustice,\" Zurich, (1988-12-20); notes from Boris Zoubok, M.D.; copy of \"Law of the USSR on the protection of the rights and legal interests of persons suffering from psychiatric disorders and on the grounds and procedures for the administration of psychiatric care,\" (1990-10-08); Roth's Notes on Meeting of USSR Supreme Soviet Committee on Mental Health Law, Moscow (1990-10-26); copy of Smit, Jonna: \"Human Rights and Mental Health Legislation: the USSR,\" (1991-05-21); van Voren, Robert: \"Ukrainian Psychiatry: Starting from Scratch,\" (undated); Regulations on a psychiatric hospital (Положение о психиатрической больнице), [printed Russian document] CCCP, No. 225, 1988; printed materials and news clippings, 1988-2004; Patients in Psychiatric Hospital Requiring Follow-up and Review – interview methodology, list, memoranda","Draft and confidential memorandum of meeting with Minister of the Department of Humanitarian Affairs [Yuri A.] Reshetov. Also interview methodology and memoranda.","Kazan Special Psychiatric Hospital, Vilnius Ordinary Hospital, Kaunas Hospital, Chernyashovsk Special Psychiatric Hospital","Richard J. Bonnie draft; \"Legal and Humanitarian Aspects of Soviet Psychiatry: Some Preliminary Conclusions\" (1989-03-28); also comments on Klein's and Reddaway reports (1989-04 to 1989-05); LHR Confidential Drafts #1-5 (1989-05-19-31); Objectives of the Clinical Interviews (1989-05-22); Dr. Harold M. Visotsky Response to Joel Kline (1989-05-30); Hospital Team Report by Harold Visotsky, Elmore Rigamer, and Loren H. Roth (1989-05-30); remarks from Joe Bloom (1989-06-05); Richard Bonnie: Note to Members of the US Delegation to the Soviet Union (1989-06-16); Bill Farrad; Executive Summary [annotated] (1989-06-20); \"USSR Psychiatrists at a Human Rights Round Table in Moscow in April 1988,\" annotated copy of attachment sent by Joel Kline to Roth (undated); Vladimir A. Levit comments (1989-06-26); Saleem [Shah]: Soviet Compliance and Study Limitations (1989-06-28) and comments (1989-06-26); Peter Reddaway draft (1989-06-28) [2 folders], 1989-03 to 1989-06","Also: State Department \"rough translation\" of Soviet response: \"Response to the medical part of the report by the U.S. delegation of psychiatrists and lawyers,\" (1989-07-06); Draft translation of the final Soviet comments on the report: Commentary on the Report [130008 JS/AO Russian] (1989-09-26); U.S. Department of State Memorandum re Comments on the Soviet response to the Report (1989-10-12); printed Russian document inscribed by Polubinskaya to Loren H. Roth: [Academy of Sciences of the U.S.S.R., Soviet State and Right. Separate Report, Moscow 1990];  translation of S. V. Polubinskaya and S. V. Borodin: \"The Legal Problems of Soviet Psychiatry: The Views of American and Soviet Experts,\" Soviet State Law, No. 5, 1990, pp. 67-76","Resolution of the WPA (1989-10-17); WPA Statement by the All Union Society of Soviet Psychiatrists and Narcologists of the U.S.S.R. before the World Psychiatric Association General Assembly in Athens (1989-10-18); Memorandum re: Site Visit by the WPA Review Committee to the U.S.S.R. (1990-03-13); Reddaway, Peter: The Struggle over Reform in Soviet Psychiatry Intensifies: Is the Establishment Beginning to Panic? (1990-04-30); Remarks by Svetlana Poloubinskaya at the APA's Committee of International Abuse of Psychiatry and Psychiatrists (1990-05-16)","APA correspondence with the Center for Democracy in the U.S.S.R., U.S. Department of State, (Schifter and Mercer); University of London Institute of Psychiatry, 1989-05 to 1989-11. Also, miscellaneous correspondence with literary agents (1989-03 to 1989-04)","Translations of A.  Karpov, Chief Psychiatrist, U.S.S.R. Ministry of Health: \"The Registration of Mental Patients in the U.S.S.R.\" (1990-10-25) and \"Basic Findings of the Conclusion of the U.S.S.R. Constitutional Supervision Committee on Whether Legislation for the Compulsory Treatment and Re-Education of Through Labour of Persons Suffering from Alcoholism or Drug-Addiction Conforms to the U.S.S.R. Constitution and International Enactments on Human Rights,\" by B. M. Lazarev, Deputy Chairman of the USSR Constitutional Supervision Committee (1990-10-25). Also Saleem A. Shah: \"Forensic Interview Schedule\". Correspondence with Otto Dorr Zegers, Csaba Banki, M.P. Deva, Driss Moussaoui, Jim Birley, and Gerard Low-Geer","Correspondence with Dr. Otto Dörr-Zegers (Chile); Dr. Csava Bànki (Hungary); Dr. M. P. Deva (Malaysia); Dr. Driss Moussaoui (Morocco); Dr. Jim Birley (WPA Negotiating Team); Dr. Gerard Low-Greer (England).","Included are: Gostin, Larry: \"Human Rights in Mental Health: Japan. Report of an international mission to Japan: 1987,\"  World Health Organization/Harvard University International Collaborating Center on Health Legislation, World Federation for Mental Health [1987]; Kawasaki, Shigeru: \"Like a Shedding Snake,\" English Summary, J. JAPH 2:2 Spring 1991; news-clippings.","Correspondence with Ellen Mercer re Singapore (1985-09-18); UN Commission on Human Rights E/CN. 4 Sub.2/1988/23: Report on the Sessional Working Group on the question of persons detained on the grounds of mental ill-health or suffering from mental disorder; Proceedings. International Forum on Mental Health Reform, Kyoto, Japan, January 29-30, 1987; Benatar, S. R.: correspondence and articles (1990); Final draft of the \"UN Principles Produced by the Working Group on Human Rights,\" Annex A Principles for the Protection of Persons with Mental Illness and for the Improvement of Mental Health Care","The sub-series consists of materials Loren Roth collected as part of his work on this committee. These include meeting minutes and agendas, correspondence, reports, articles, clippings, memoranda, and other items.","APA lists of cases in the U.S.S.R., Yugoslavia and Romania (1988-07-05); memo for the record re Soviet dissidents","APA minutes of meeting (1988-09-07); Draft Statement Following Discussion with Dr. Sabshin; APA Draft Resolution by the Committee on International Abuse of Psychiatry to not object to the re-admittance of  the All-Union Society of Psychiatrists and Neuropathologists of the USSR into the WPA (1988-09-07); minutes of the APA Committee on Human Rights (1988-09-09); some correspondence, (1988 -09)","Minutes of conference call (1989-02-15); correspondence; IAPUP documents re to Soviet psychiatry (1989-02); copy of Dr. Marvin Brook handwritten comments on the By-Laws of the WPA (undated); Application of the Independent Psychiatric Association of the USSR (IPA) for membership to the WPA, includes Constitution and Declaration (1989-03-09); APA Guidelines for Psychiatric Services in Jails and Prisons; APA draft guidelines on the Right of Refuse (Anti-Psychotic) Medication.","Includes some correspondence and documents: Memorandum re Revision of the WPA Review Committee's Operational Instrument ( 1989-04-270; translation of letter from Nikolai Fedrovich Zhukov to US Congress (1989-03-04); IAPUP Documents on the Political Abuse of Psychiatry in the USSR 18: The Founding of the Association of Independent Psychiatrists in the USSR and the US Delegation of Psychiatrist to the USSR (March 1989); IAPUP Report and brochures, 1989-04","Memorandum re Detention of Cuban psychiatrist Dr. Alfredo Samuel Martínez Lara (1989-04-19); WPA Proposed alterations (1989-04 -25); copy of entrance application of the International Independent Research Centre on Psychiatry to the WPA (1989-03-27), news clippings; Dr. Marat Vartanian original article sent to the International Journal on Mental Health","Included are: Ellen Mercer and Fini Schulsinger interviews with Radio Canada (1989-03); and \"rough\" transcripts of  Radio Free Europe with Viktor Lanovoy, President of the Independent Association of Psychiatrists (1989-06-15); Croatian Committee for Human Rights press release re human rights abuses (1989-06-24); [translation] of M. Buyanov articles in Uchitelskaya Gazeta (1988-11-19); Association Psychiatric Independent (IPA) press release (1989-04-12); Commission of the European Communities: \"Observations on the State of Implementation of Programme of Psychiatrists Reform in Greece,: (1987-12-31); IAPUP Documents Special Issue: \"The Political Abuse of Psychiatry in Rumania (June 1989);  IAPUP Documents on the Political Abuse of Psychiatry Nos. 22, 23, 24, 25 (June-July 1989)","Includes Summary of the WPA Executive Committee in Athens and Resolutions (1989-08-18); excerpts of anonymous document \"Autumm 1988, Gerlovka\" re abuse in the USSR ; printed articles, news clippings","Includes unofficial translation of  Statement by the All-Union Scientific Society of Psychiatrists (1989-10-02); Remarks of Christian Barton Concerning Allegations of Psychiatric Abuse of Dissidents by the Cuban Government (1989-09-13); Sabshin, Melvin: Statement to the Subcommittee on Health and Environment of the US House of Representatives re APA position on Soviet psychiatric practices (undated); Testimony of Victor Davidoff, former victim of abuse in the Soviet Union (undated); Commentary on the Report \"Assessment of Recent Changes in Soviet Psychiatry, prepared by the US Delegation on the Results of its visit to the USSR,\" (1989-09-15); IPA bulletins (1989 -08-07 and 1989-08-31); news clippings","Includes: Liaison Report (1989-10); Gluzman, Semyon: \"Bureaucratic Ethics and Soviet Psychiatry,\" (1989-11) and Commentary on the Memorandum of G. Lukacher (1989-10-14) re All Union Scientific Society of Psychiatrists; translation of A.I. letter \"To the World Congress of the WPA,\" (1989-10-16); translation of letter from Social Organizations in Leningrad To the Participants in the Congress of the WPA (Athens, Greece, October 1989); Schifter, Richard: \"An Inventory of Soviet Human Rights Developments\" (1989-10-04); IAPUP Documents on the Political Abuse of Psychiatry in the USSR No. 29, 30","Some copies of  documents related to the former Yugoslavia; lists of interments and releases in the Soviet Union (1989-12-21); draft translation of [Sotsialisticheskaya Industriya] A Detail report: Psychiatry Without Secrets (1989-10-31); Documents on the Political Abuse of Psychiatry in the Soviet Union 31 (1989-12); WPA Minutes (1989-08-11-13)","Correspondence related to abuses in Cuba; Pena, Jose M. et al: \"Abuse and Misuse of Psychiatry in the U.S.: The Need for an Institutional Ethics,\" (1990-02); list of human rights cases monitored by the APA in Argentina, Bulgaria, Cuba, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Malawi, Morocco, Romania, South Africa, Sudan, Turkey, Uruguay, Yugoslavia, Zaire (1990-02-06); Mercer, Ellen: USSR Trip Report/February 25-March 3, 1990","Includes: Second World Center Annual Report 1989 and APA Statement on Simón Bolívar Award and Lecture (1990-02-15)","Correspondence re Cuban psychiatrists (1990-04); Keston College Support Group: \"Igor Rodionov Report\" (1990-04); Yelena Izyumova Open Letter to the Members of the APA, Moscow May 20, 1990; anonymous essay re : Psychiatric Abuse in the USSR (Helsinki Watch), undated","Also: \"Proposed New Policies for the APA in Regard to the Abuse of Psychiatry for Political and Other Non-Medical Purposes in the USSR,\" (undated)","Includes copy of Human Rights Survey Responses (1988-04-01) and reports of the Council on International Affairs, Committee on Human Rights and Committee on International Education","Includes reports of the Council on International Affairs, Committee on Human Rights and Committee on International Education; memoranda re IAPUP meetings in Germany (1990-09); letter from Dr. Jeffrey Heller to the Committee on Abuse of Psychiatry re Soviet Delegation at H and CP Institute (1990-10-10); Documents on the Political Abuse of Psychiatry in the USSR No. 38 (1990-09)","Includes correspondence from Dr. Valerian Tuculesco re post-traumatic stress disorder after the Romanian revolution (1990-10); correspondence re Oleg Vitalyevich Kozlov re hijacked plane to Helsinki (1990-11); American Ambassadors People to People Trip to the USSR 14-27 August 1990 \"Professional Diary\" compiled by E. B. Brody (1990-09-05);  \"Psychiatric Issues Encountered on Recent Trip to USSR,\" memorandum from Holt Ruffin (World Without War) (1990-10-25); Hartmann, Lawrence M.D.: \"Notes on Some Social Psychiatric Problems in Chile, South Africa and the Soviet Union,\" (1990-10); Documents on the Political Abuse of Psychiatry in the USSR Nos. 39, 40, 41; documents relative to the Joint APA-Caribbean Psychiatric Association Meeting; Ellen Mercer: China Trip Report (1990-11)","Includes reports of the Committee on International Education; Final draft of the UN Principles for the Protection of Persons with Mental Illness and for the Improvement of Mental Health Case (1990-12-11); \"Sugar, Jonathan M.D. et al: \"Psychiatry's Global Challenge: Responsibilities of American Psychiatrists in International Health (undated)","Includes letter from Dr. Dainiys Pūras re abuse of psychiatry in Lithuania (1991-01-19); correspondence re abuse in Romania (1991-02-08); \"Proposal for The Moscow Center for Rehabilitation of Torture Victims (undated)","Includes correspondence and document re abuses in Romania; correspondence between Dr. Roth, Gennadi Milyokhin, Juan José López-Ibor, re Revaz Uturgaury (1991-03); correspondence re Soviet individuals","Includes CIOMS: Development of International, Ethical Guidelines for Epidemiological Research and Practice, Plenary III Issues related to the HIV/AIDS Pandemic. Proposed Guidelines for International Testing of Vaccines and Drugs against HIV Infection and Aids (1990-11); copies of correspondence between and V. Tuculescu re Romania; Reddaway, Peter: Psychiatric Developments in the USSR (1991-06) and \" Problems of Reforming Soviet Psychiatry and Assuring Rights for the Mentally Ill,\" (undated); \"The Heartbeat of Reform. Soviet Jurists and Political Scientists Discuss the Progress of Perestroika, Glasnot, Democracy, Socialism,\" Translated from the Russian by Vic Schneierson, Moscow, [1991]; Documents on the Political Abuse of Psychiatry in the USSR No. 47, 48","Includes reports of the Council on International Affairs, Committee on Human Rights and Committee on International Education. Also includes several documents dated September 1991: Memo for the Record Briefing Meeting for the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences Human Rights Study Group (1991-09-24); USSR Draft Law (17 June 91) on Psychiatric Assistance; Ministry of Health, USSR, All-Union Society of Psychiatrists Governing Board Decision (1991-05-15-16); WPA Memorandum to the All-Union Society of Psychiatrists (1991-07-28); Dr. Stanislaw Golec: \"Health Care in Poland 91\"; \"Instructional Recommendations on the Application of USSR Ministry of Health Order No. 555 (1989-09-19); WPA documents; International Committee of the Red Cross Report on \"Second Working Group of Experts on Battlefield Laser Weapons,\" (1990-11-05-06)","Includes \"copy of a part\" of Japanese Mental Health Law with translation (1988); translation of  \"law on patient's rights\" in Finland (1991-08); WHO Guidelines for the Clinical Investigation of Antidepressant Drugs (1984)","Includes LHR handwritten notes re Abuse Committee (1992-04); \"Cuban Dissidents in Psychiatric Hospitals An Update of the Politics of Psychiatry in Revolutionary Cuba,\"; \"Dimineata, 7th January 1992, The Mad People Were Dissidents,\" re Romania (undated); \"The Plenary Session of the Board of Directors of the All-Union Scientific Society of Psychiatrists (1992-05) and Follow-Up of US Team's 1989 Patients list, Appendices 1 and 2 sent to Dr. Birley with names of patients (1992-02); Information about the Patient Bill of Rights Tally Sheet (1992-04); Geneva Initiative on Psychiatry [GPI]: Documents on the Abolition and Prevention of Political Abuse of Psychiatry (1992-03 and 1992-04)","Includes reports of the Council on International Affairs, Committee on Human Rights and Committee on International Education. Also: Country Reports on Human Rights Practices: Yugoslavia (1992-06-01); GPI: Documents on the Abolition and Prevention of Political Abuse of Psychiatry, April – June 1992; Mercer, Ellen: Exploring Hungarian Psychiatry (1992-05)","Includes reports of the Council on International Affairs, Committee on Human Rights. Also: International Association for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Allied Professions Proclamation of May 1992: Assuring the Mental Health of Children; APA Bilateral Exchange with Poland Czechoslovakia and Hungary. Summary of Responses and Recommendations of American Participants (1992-03-24 to 1992-04-12); copy of Act of the Russian Federation \"On Psychiatric Care and Citizens' Rights With Regard to Such Care,\" (1992-01); Polubinskaya, Svetlana: \"From the USSR to the Independent States: Where the Former Soviet Psychiatry Will Go,\" (1992-05); GIP Documents on the Abolition and Prevention of Political Abuse of Psychiatry 56, June 1992","Includes reports of the Council on International Affairs, Committee on Human Rights. Also correspondence re psychiatric abuse in the former GDR, with the Romanian Psychiatric Association and the Committee to End the Chinese Gulag. \"Psychiatry Under Tyranny. An Assessment of the Political Abuse of Romanian Psychiatry During the Ceaucescu Years,\" Report of a consultative mission to Bucharest on behalf of the Geneva Initiative on Psychiatry (1992-06); GIP Documents on the Abolition and Prevention of Political Abuse of Psychiatry 57, July – August 1992","The sub-series consists of materials Loren Roth collected as part of his work with this committee. These include meeting minutes and agendas, correspondence, reports, articles, clippings, memoranda, and other items.","Included: \"Human Rights of Mental Patients in Japan,\" (1987 -04); Reich, Walter Report of Meeting with Gennadiy M. Yevstafiev (Soviet, member of the delegation to the Vienna Review Meeting) (1987-07-28); copy of letter from Senator Edward M. Kennedy to Lawrence Hartmann, M.D. re human rights violations in Paraguay (1988-04-22); World Medical Association, INC. memorandum: \"The Facts regarding health services in South Africa during 1987, and the role played by the Medical Association of South Africa,\" (1987-07- 08); Reddaway, Peter: Does Moscow's Purge of Corrupt Psychiatrists Threaten the Psychiatric Gulag?\" (1987-07-13); \"More Revelations about Stefanis' Negotiations with the Soviets (1987-09-11); Center for Victims of Torture pilot project (1987-08-28 and 1987-10); South Africa Briefing (1987-08-07); Minutes of Committee on Abuse of Psychiatry (1987-09-09 and 1987-12-02); \"Victims of Torture in Afghanistan. Presentation for Cairo World Congress\" by Mohammad Azam Dadfar (1987-10-18-22); Gralnick, Alexander M.D.: \"Public Health and Psychiatric Care in Cuba, Personal Report\" (November 1987);Political Imprisonment in Cuba. A Special Report from Amnesty International, The Cuban American Nation Foundation, 1987;  US/Soviet Human Rights Seminar: Statement by Ellen Mercer for the APA (1987-12-03). Also Bloche, Maxwell Gregg: \"Uruguay's Military Physicians: Cogs in a System of State Terror,\" (1987-03)","Miscellaneous documents: minutes, memoranda, correspondence. Included: [Argentina] Tribunal Etico de la Salud contra la Impunidad translation of statement: Medical Ethics Tribunal Against Impunity,\" (1988-01-11); Minutes of the APA Committee on Abuse of Psychiatry (1988-01-20, 1988-04-21; 1988-05-10); some documents related to South Africa, Pakistan, Argentina; Human Rights Survey Responses (1988-03-09); Amnesty International: \"China. Detention Without Trial, Ill-Treatment of Detainees and Police Shooting of Civilians in Tibet,\" (1988-02); Bitsch Christensen, Svend: \"Torture Related Documentation,\" (1987); International Commission of Jurists' Mission to Japan Preliminary Report and Recommendations (1988-04); \"The Casualties of Conflict: Medical Care and Human Rights in the West Bank and Gaza Strip,\" Report of a Medical Fact Finding Mission by Physicians for Human Rights, (1988-03); Amnesty International Commission Medicale: Medicine at Risks. The Doctor as Abuser or Victim,\" (1987-09)","Miscellaneous documents: minutes, memoranda, correspondence related to Soviet psychiatry; human rights abuses in Honduras, Czechoslovakia, Somalia, South Africa, Israel, Haiti, Cuba, Egypt, China, BahrainGudava, Eduard M.D.: \"The events in Tbilisi, Georgia  (1989-04-18); Vesti, Peter and Inge Kemp: \"Chapter I: Treatment of Torture Survivors – theoretical views,\" \"Chapter 2: Rehabilitation of Torture Survivors, \" (1989-10); Collazo, Carlos R. M.D. and Martha Gerpe M.D.: \"Missing Parents,\" Paper presented at The World Psychiatric Association, Athens, October 1989","File includes: RCT [Rehabilitation and Research Centre for Torture Victims] 7th Annual Report (1990-01); APA Position Statement on Apartheid and Academic Boycotting of South Africa (1990-01); Human Rights Cases Monitored by the APA (1990-02-01); signed Petition by doctors to recommend the APA to condemn the government of Turkey (1990-08); LHR handwritten notes of September meeting;  APA Council on International Affairs Joint Reference Committee (1990-10-12); Boyajian, Levon Z. M.D.: The Psychological Sequelae of the Armenian Genocide (1982); Leros Trip. Report on Visit to the Mental Institution on the Island of Leros, Greece (1989-12-3-5); \"'Bloody Sunday Trauma in Tbilisi. The Eents of April 9, 1989 and their Aftermath,\" Report of a Medical Mission to Soviet Georgia by Physicians for Human Rights, February 1990; printed materials.","Files include documents re Armenian Genocide and from the Free Romanian Foundation; \"Program for Administrators and Educators Specializing in Programs for People With Disabilities,\" with the Persian Gulf (1991-04); Martínez Lara, Samuel: \"Psychiatry in Cuba: Perspectives of a Human Rights Activist\" (1991-09-27);  ); National Academy of Sciences: \"Considerations Regarding Individual Scientific Visits to the People's Republic of China,\" (October 1991); also some documents about torture","Files include documents re torture in Egypt (1992-01); Dadfar, A. Azam M.D.: \"The Deep Scars of a Forgotten War, \" Psychiatry Centre for the Afghans; correspondence with Levon Z. Boyajian M.D. (1992-02); Croatian Medical Journal: \"Medical Testimony of the Vukovar Tragedy\"; memorandum re \"Abuse and Misuse of Psychiatry in the United States\" (1992-02); Committee to End the Chinese Gulag: \"On behalf of Political Prisoners in China: How to Raise Human Rights Cases,\" (1992-04); memoranda and correspondence re abuse of Palestinian physician (1992-05); APA Position Statement on Homosexuality and Civil Rights (1992-07); Americas Watch, Vol.4, Issue 7: \"Dangerous Dialogue, Attacks on Freedom of Expression in Miami's Cuban Exile Community,\" (1992-08);  Amnesty International French Section, Medical Group: \"Corporal Punishment. A study on legislation and enforcement in 18 countries,\" (1992); \"Stop Torture in Korea (STIK)\" (1998-08); APA Council on International Affairs: \"International Inpatients Bill of Rights,\" (1992-08); APA Communications Plan 1992-1994; APA: \"Human Rights and the American Psychiatric Association,\" (1992); memorandum and correspondence re abuse of psychiatry and psychiatrists in México (1992-100; US Department of State: \"Renewing the U.S. Commitment to Human Rights,\" Special Report No. 164;  printed materials","World Health Organization Assignment Report re \"mentally infirm in Romania and possibilities for improvement,\" (1991-11); Rosenberg, David R. M.D. et al: \"A Cross-Cultural Study of \"Ceausescu's Orphans,\" (1992-03); Blom, G. et al: \"Program Touch – A Volunteer Intervention Program to Orphaned Disabled Children in Romania,\" (1991-11); Roth's reappointment as APA Chairperson of the Committee on Human Rights under the Council of International Affairs, (1992-04-13); draft of A.P.A. Action Paper Rescinding the 1982 APA Position on the Insanity Defense (1992-05-01); Pierce, Chester M. M.D.: \"Public Health and Human Rights: Racism, Torture and Terrorism,\" presented at American Psychiatric Association Annual Meeting (1992-05-04)","Files include translation of Croatian pamphlet: \"Protect Yourself and Help Others (1993-02); APA Office of International Affairs: Responses to Human Rights Questionnaire,\" (1993-08-18); Citizens Support Committee for the Psychiatric Farm Hospital Dr. Manuel Ramírez Moreno (1993-7-13)","correspondence and handwritten notes","evaluation forms and printed materials","Meetings between Ukrainian doctors Semyon F. Gluzman, Vladimir I. Poltavets, Valery N. Kutznetsov, Ada I. Korotenko, Oleg A, Nasinnik, Vladimir M. Cherniavsky and Juan Mezzich, American psychiatrist from the West Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh; also some case summaries (1994-02). Russian and English translation.","extensive correspondence, reports, handwritten notes. Savychyj, Jurij M.D.: \"Psychiatry in Ukraine,\" [1992]","correspondence, Ukrainian fliers, and handwritten notes","extensive correspondence, reports, data analysis, forms, handwritten notes (1995-05), \"Codebook\"","correspondence, clinical assessment forms, and handwritten notes","Geneva Initiative on Psychiatry. Annual Reports 1992 and 1995; Documents on the Abolition and Prevention of Political Abuse of Psychiatry Nos. 65-67, 72, 74; \"Concepts for Developing Mental Health Care in Ukraine (First Draft),\" Developed by Experts of Ministry for Health Care, Kiev Research Institute of General and Forensic Psychiatry, Regional Chief Experts and Kiev Psychiatrists.","correspondence and forms","email correspondence, brochures, printed photographs","Joseph D. Bloom, Kyrill Borissow, William T. Carpenter, Robert W. Farrand, Robert M.A. Hirschfield, William H. Hopkins, Samuel Keith, Felix Kleyman, Andrei A. Kovalev, Ellen Mercer, John Monahan, Darrel A. Regier, Elmore F. Rigamer Jr, Carolyn Smith, Leon Stern","Includes: United States – Russia Health Committee 2000 – 2002, printed copies of photographs; The U.S.A. – Russia Health Committee: \"Access to Quality Health Care\" (draft), undated; \"Additional Materials on Diagnosing and Treating Mild and Moderate Depressions,\" [document in Russian with English title]","Gershman, Carl: Psychiatric Abuse in the Soviet Union,\" Society, July/August 1984; Lapenna, Ivo: \"The Medico-Legal Society. Use and Misuse of Psychiatry in the USSR,\" The Royal Society of Medicine, London 12th June 1986; McCready, John and Harold Merskey: \"Compliance by physicians with the 1978 Ontario Mental Health Act,\" Reprint from the Canadian Medical Association Journal, Vol. 124, March 15, 1981; McCready, John and Harold Merskey: \"On the Recoding of Mental Illness for Civil Commitment,\" Can. J. Psychiatry Vol. 27, March 1982; Slovenko, Ralph: Analysis. The Destiny of South Africa,\" The World and I, July 1991.","In 2021, members of the 1989 American delegation, some Soviet patients, Soviet doctors and other professionals, were invited to participate in the \"Retrospective Review of the 1989 U.S. State Department Psychiatric Mission to the USSR\" oral history project. Nineteen interviews were recorded, sixteen of them with the surviving members of the U.S. delegation, one with Andrei Kovalev, an official at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in the U.S.S.R. at the time, and two with former \"Soviet patients.\" There is also an original 1989 recording of one interview.","These interviews provide a comprehensive overview of the history of Soviet psychiatric abuse, the reasons why psychiatric diagnosis was used to suppress dissent, the methods, medical and legal procedures, and who were the major players in Soviet psychiatric abuse. Emphasis is also made on assessing the U.S.-Soviet relationship in the 1980s and the special place that the 1989 State Department psychiatric mission to the U.S.S.R. held in the détente. All stages of negotiations and preparations for the mission were discussed as well as the methodology of psychiatric evaluations and the findings of the American experts. An additional emphasis was also made on assessing the state of Soviet psychiatric care as of the late 1980s and all the significant changes it was going through at the time. The role of World Psychiatric Association (WPA), the All-Union Society of Psychiatrists and Narcologists, the American Psychiatric Association and other important organizations, is also given proper attention. The interviewees also discuss the long-term impact that the 1989 U.S. mission made on Soviet and post-Soviet psychiatry.","In the interview Dr. Bloom discusses his career, his interest in the topic of abuse of psychiatry and his involvement in the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric delegation to the U.S.S.R. He talks about the U.S. and Soviet (both Soviet professionals and Soviet interviewees) understanding of the purpose of the visit and  the Soviet's compliance with the terms negotiated for the visit. He also talks about psychiatric hospitalization, detention and commitment process in the U.S.S.R., conditions of hospitalization in Soviet psychiatric hospitals and the legal rights of persons with mental disorders in the U.S.S.R.  Dr. Bloom's explains his impressions from the trip to the Soviet Union and the conclusions made by the American delegation. ","The highlights of the interview pertain to Dr. Bloom's recollection of a Soviet person who allegedly had a mental disorder, and his opinion as to the way the American final report should have been approached.","Olena Protsenko, a Post-doctoral Research Associate in Psychiatry and Law at the University of Virginia School of Law, conducted this interview remotely over the Zoom application.","Mr. Borissow shares his life story and describes his career. He talks about getting involved in the 1989 State Department trip to the Soviet Union, his previous trips to the U.S.S.R., and the  social and political context that surrounded the visit and made it possible in the first place. Mr. Borissow describes his experience of interpreting in one of the psychiatric hospitals in Moscow as a part of the 1989 American mission as well as the work that Mr. Borissow's sub-team #3 did in Leningrad. He shares very interesting anecdotes that happened during the trip and talks about the lessons he learned during this trip.","Olena Protsenko, a Post-doctoral Research Associate in Psychiatry and Law at the University of Virginia School of Law, conducted this interview remotely over the Zoom application.","In the interview Dr. Carpenter discusses his career, his involvement in the 1989 US State Department psychiatric delegation to the USSR, the main goals of the mission, various aspects of the implementation in great detail, the diagnostic aspects of the study, interview instruments and methodology, the Soviet mental health care system and its shortcomings, the conclusions made by Dr. Carpenter's sub-team, the impact the American visit made to the interviewed individuals an mental health in the region. ","Dr. Carpenter also discusses the United States - Great Britain cross-national study of schizophrenia conducted in the 1960s and 70s and its pertinency to the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the U.S.S.R. He also talks about the broad diagnostic criteria for sluggish schizophrenia and how much contributed to the missuse of psychiatry in the Soviet Union.","Olena Protsenko, a Post-doctoral Research Associate in Psychiatry and Law at the University of Virginia School of Law, conducted this interview remotely over the Zoom application.","Ambassador Farrand talks about his long successful career in the U.S. State Department, the importance of the Soviet psychiatric abuse to the U.S. government and the larger context of the U.S. - U.S.S.R. relationships. As a person who worked closely with Ambassador Richard Schifter for many years, Mr. Farrand describes Schifter's goals and vision of the 1989 psychiatric mission to the U.S.S.R. ","Mr. Farrand describes the process of negotiating the terms of the visit and shares insights about interacting with a superpower as the Soviet Union was at that time. He also talks about the the peculiarities of governance in the U.S.S.R., and power dynamics inside the country. Mr. Farrand describes the efforts to preserve transparency and independence of the mission as well as managing its financial aspects and its highlighting in media. Mr. Farrand also talks about glasnost, perestroika, and the collapse of the Soviet Union.","Olena Protsenko, a Post-doctoral Research Associate in Psychiatry and Law at the University of Virginia School of Law, conducted this interview remotely over the Zoom application.","Dr. Hirschfeld shares memories about his education and career, the way he got involved in the 1989 State Department psychiatric mission to the U.S.S.R., the methodological approach to the patient interviews, the range of findings of his sub-team # 3 in Leningrad, and his general impressions of the Soviet Union as of 1989.","Olena Protsenko, a Post-doctoral Research Associate in Psychiatry and Law at the University of Virginia School of Law, conducted this interview remotely over the Zoom application.","Mr. Hopkins talks at length about the way he became immersed in the Russian studies, his education, and career. He well remembers the settings and arrangements of interviewing the Soviet citizens who allegedly had mental disorders, his expectations and apprehensions about the upcoming 1989 mission, the types of questions asked of the Soviet interviewees, and the peculiarities of his task as an interpreter during this unique venture. He also mentions the debrief that the entire American team had in Washington, D.C. after the visit was over.","Olena Protsenko, a Post-doctoral Research Associate in Psychiatry and Law at the University of Virginia School of Law, conducted this interview remotely over the Zoom application.","Mr. I. talks about his early life, family, education, how his dissident views formed and evolved with time. He shares about his repeated contacts with psychiatric system; he also describes his social and political activity and the repercussions he faced as a result. Mr. I. then tells about his criminal case, his forensic psychiatric evaluation, diagnosis, \"symptoms\", finding of non-imputability, the legal procedure used to involuntarily commit him to the Dnepropetrovsk special psychiatric hospital, and the inhumane conditions there. \nMr. I. then describes his transfer to Nikolayev ordinary psychiatric hospital and release; he talks about his dissident activity that brought him back to the same hospital. He also describes his contacts with Ukrainian dissident movement at the end of 1980s and how he got on the list of people to be assessed by the U.S. team. The details of his participation in 1989 U.S. State Department mission are discussed next. Mr. I. then shares about the long-term impact this mission made on his life, his subsequent legal rehabilitation, being taken off the psychiatric register, the removal of his psychiatric diagnosis, his life and activism after 1989. Mr. I. describes some of his most interesting campaigns. The interview ends with a brief discussion of the Russian invasion of Ukraine and how it affected Mr. I.'s life. ","Olena Protsenko, a Post-doctoral Research Associate in Psychiatry and Law at the University of Virginia School of Law, conducted this interview remotely over the Zoom application.","Dr. Keith talks about the role and expertise of NIMH that was crucial to the success of the 1989 U.S. psychiatric mission to the U.S.S.R. He recapitulates the main points and stumbling blocks of the negotiations with the Soviets in November 1988, various organizational aspects of the mission, as well as the interview instruments and methodology used by the American team. Dr. Keith shares his opinion about the concept of sluggish schizophrenia, its diagnostic criteria, and other factors that made it possible to abuse psychiatry in the Soviet Union. He also emphasizes Soviet life, society, and governance as of 1989. Dr. Keith discusses the Soviets' admission of \"hyperdiagnoses\" and the validity of the excuse of \"hyperdiagnoses\" from the professional point of view. He also expresses his opinion about the tone of the final report and the general context that the American team had to keep in mind when drafting it. Dr. Keith describes Schizophrenia Bulletin and his role as its editor-in-chief. He also talks about the 1990 Soviet Reciprocal Visit to the U.S.","Olena Protsenko, a Post-doctoral Research Associate in Psychiatry and Law at the University of Virginia School of Law, conducted this interview remotely over the Zoom application.","Dr. Kleyman is a great source of knowledge about the ins and outs of the Soviet mental health care system as the person who had about 10 years of professional experience on the ground. He talked about the uniqueness of his role during the American psychiatric mission to the U.S.S.R. that resulted from him being a native Russian speaker and being well familiar with life in the Soviet Union. Dr. Kleyman discusses the social and political context that surrounded the 1989 U.S. State Department visit and made it possible in the first place; the doctor patient relationship in the U.S.S.R.; Soviet diagnostic approaches and the role of Soviet psychiatrists during the American visit. Dr. Kleyman recalls his unique trip to Moscow Psychiatric Hospital # 5 to briefly speak with the patient who was claimed by the Soviets to have refused examination. He also talks about his experience as a member of the 1991 W.P.A. mission to the U.S.S.R.","Olena Protsenko, a Post-doctoral Research Associate in Psychiatry and Law at the University of Virginia School of Law, conducted this interview remotely over the Zoom application.","Mr. Kovalev tells about the role of various domestic and international actors in the process of democratization of the U.S.S.R. in the late 1980s and bringing human rights into the Soviet Union. He also assesses the political factors of the early 1980s that allowed Gorbachev come to power and retain it. Mr. Kovalev shares his insights about the Soviet foreign policy of the second half of 1980s-early 1990s and the U.S. - U.S.S.R. relationships. He shares his knowledge about the history of abuse of psychiatry and the reasons for resorting to it; the Soviet psychiatric register and the consequences of being on a register; the sealed instruction on involuntary commitment that existed but was not available to the public. Mr. Kovalev talks about the chain of decision making in ensuring that the American visit will actually happen and the key events on that road. He also comments on the internal tensions between the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Ministry of Health (M.O.H.) as well as the resistance put up by the M.O.H. in organizing the American visit. He also shares his views about the \"system dissidents\" in the U.S.S.R.","Olena Protsenko, a Post-doctoral Research Associate in Psychiatry and Law at the University of Virginia School of Law, conducted this interview remotely over the Zoom application.","Ms. Mercer talks about her career at the APA and the role that the APA played in advocating for the rights of the persons committed to psychiatric hospitals for non-medical reasons in the USSR. She then discusses the historical context for the 1989 State Department psychiatric delegation to the Soviet Union, including the 1977 Declaration of Hawaii and the All-Union Society's walking out of the WPA in 1983 in the face of an almost certain expulsion. Being a part of the November 1988 negotiation team to the Soviet Union, Ms. Mercer shares her thoughts about the negotiation process and the Soviet's compliance with the terms agreed upon. Ms. Mercer describes the field visit to Soviet psychiatric hospitals and then talks about the Soviet's readmission to the WPA, the role the 1989 U.S. State Department played in this process, the APA's and Ms. Mercer's personal stance with regard to the readmission. Ms. Mercer concludes by discussing the difference the American visit made in the big picture.","Olena Protsenko, a Post-doctoral Research Associate in Psychiatry and Law at the University of Virginia School of Law, conducted this interview remotely over the Zoom application.","Dr. Monahan talks about his professional training and the highlights of his career, his memories from the 1989 American visit to the Soviet Union, including the goals of the visit,  its organizational aspects, and its media coverage. Dr. Monahan then focuses on the forensic evaluation methods and results, the rights of psychiatric patients in the Soviet Union, conditions of their hospitalization, treatment, and hospital staffing. Dr. Monahan concludes by describing his general impressions of Moscow and Leningrad and the conclusions the American team made as a result of the visit. ","Olena Protsenko, a Post-doctoral Research Associate in Psychiatry and Law at the University of Virginia School of Law, conducted this interview remotely over the Zoom application.","Mr. Reddaway talks about his education and career and the way he became interested and immersed in the issue of abuse of psychiatry in the U.S.S.R. He discusses the impact that his and Sidney Bloch's 1977 and 1983 books made in the Soviet Union. He also shares his knowledge about the evolution of punitive psychiatry with each new Soviet leader. Mr. Reddaway talks about Mr. Gorbachev's personality, the political factors in the early 1980s that allowed for such a leader to emerge and retain power; the reasons for perestroika;  the peculiarities of perestroika in psychiatry versus other spheres. Mr. Reddaway gives a comprehensive overview of various internal processes in the Soviet Union at the end of 1980s that were important prerequisites for the 1989 U.S. psychiatric mission. He discusses at length the role of the WPA in the battle against the abuse of psychiatry in the Soviet Union. Mr. Reddaway also gives a detailed overview of the field inspections to Soviet psychiatric hospitals that he did as a member of the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric mission to the U.S.S.R.","Olena Protsenko, a Post-doctoral Research Associate in Psychiatry and Law at the University of Virginia School of Law, conducted this interview remotely over the Zoom application.","The interview with Dr. Regier is of critical importance for the comprehensive retrospective evaluation of the long-term impact of the 1989 State Department investigative mission to the U.S.S.R. Dr. Regier not only played a key role in the preparation and implementation of the mission, but also successfully continued to help develop the quality and accessibility of mental health services in Russia after the U.S.S.R. collapse. Dr. Regier also continued to tackle the issue of psychiatric abuse in China.  \nIn his interview, Dr. Regier gives a historical overview of the development of diagnostic criteria that was subsequently used during the U.S. State Department investigative mission to the U.S.S.R. relating to psychiatric abuse. This interview provides a great description of the methodology used during the interviews. Dr. Regier also describes the NIMH goals, unique role and contribution to the 1989 mission and shares his insights about the factors that made it possible to weaponize psychiatry against dissidents in the Soviet Union. Dr. Regier also tells about his role in the work of Gore-Chernomyrdin Commission in the area on mental health care in Russia post the Soviet Union breakup.","Olena Protsenko, a Post-doctoral Research Associate in Psychiatry and Law at the University of Virginia School of Law, conducted this interview remotely over the Zoom application.","Dr. Roth describes his training and the highlights of his career; he then tells how he became interested in the issue of abuse of psychiatry in the U.S.S.R. His two human rights trips to the U.S.S.R. in 1985 and 1986 are discussed next. Dr. Roth then gives an overview of the general political background to the visit and tensions between him and Ambassador Schifter about some critical aspect of the visit. Dr. Roth then describes in detail the negotiation process between the U.S. and Soviet side, the main stumbling blocks, how he managed to overcome them, and who were his allies. Dr. Roth describes the Soviet uncooperativeness and tensions between the Ministry of Health and Ministry of Foreign Affairs. He then talks about informed consents, interview procedures, and the visit dynamics. He shares some anecdotes and most memorable events; he also talks about the people who meaningfully contributed to making the mission successful.","Olena Protsenko, a Post-doctoral Research Associate in Psychiatry and Law at the University of Virginia School of Law, conducted this interview remotely over the Zoom application.","Mr. S. describes his early years, how his dissident views formed, his first arrest under Article 70 of the Criminal Code, his expert psychiatric evaluation at the Serbsky Institute, and the judicial procedure that followed. He describes his subsequent commitment in an 'ordinary' psychiatric hospital and shares insights about the internal regulations, regime, and the release procedure. He also talks about his next arrest and the legal aspects of it. Mr. S. shares his views about whether Soviet psychiatrists seriously believed that 'failure to adapt to the society' was a sign of mental illness and whether they can be blamed for presumably following the orders from above.  Mr. S. proceedes to describe his transfer to a special psychiatric hospital, the mass release of political prisoners in 1987, the reasons for such a drastic change of the political course in the Soviet Union, and gives an overview of the U.S. – U.S.S.R. relationship in the second half of the twentieth century. He then talks about how the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric mission to the U.S.S.R. fit into the broader human rights negotiations in the CSCE. Mr. S. tells how he taken off the psychiatric register\nand legally rehabilitated; he talks about the destiny of the Criminal Code 'political' articles 70 and 190-1 and current political articles in Russian Criminal Code used to suppress dissent.\nMr. S. shares about his life and political activity after 1989, his subsequent arrests, and his assessment of the evolution of civil and political freedom in Russia after 1989.\nHe then talks about the future of Russia, his own future as a dissident in Russia, and his views about the Russian war in Ukraine.","Olena Protsenko, a Post-doctoral Research Associate in Psychiatry and Law at the University of Virginia School of Law, conducted this interview remotely over the Zoom application.","In addition to the oral history given in 2022, this file contains a recording of an interview that Mr. S gave on March 2, 1989.","Ms. Smith shares her memories about interpreting for both 1989 U.S. State Department delegation and the 1991 WPA delegation to the Soviet Union. She explains how this experience compares to the other interesting projects she has been involved in throughout her career. She describes her most prominent memories about this job as well as the Soviet Union as of 1989. ","Olena Protsenko, a Post-doctoral Research Associate in Psychiatry and Law at the University of Virginia School of Law, conducted this interview remotely over the Zoom application.","Dr. Stern describes his career and his pathway from the Soviet Union to the U.S. He shares his insights about some aspects of Soviet history, the issue of psychiatric abuse, its roots and reasons the Soviet government resorted to psychiatry to oppress dissent. Dr. Stern talks about the major differences between special psychiatrist hospitals vs. ordinary psychiatrist hospitals and gives some excellent illustrations of \"symptoms\" that the Soviet school of psychiatry considered signs of mental disorder. Dr. Stern shares his opinion as to the reasons why Soviet psychiatrists engaged in unethical practices. Dr. Stern describes the field trip in great detail, including some anecdotes and specific instances. He concludes by identifying the most important changes needed in Soviet psychiatry at the time and assesses the overall success of the American mission to the Soviet Union. ","Olena Protsenko, a Post-doctoral Research Associate in Psychiatry and Law at the University of Virginia School of Law, conducted this interview remotely over the Zoom application.","This file includes correspondence with Richard Schifter and Robert van Voren."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Arthur J. Morris Law Library does not grant researchers permission to publish copies of any of the materials in this collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The Arthur J. 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(Andreĭ Anatolʹevich)","Mercer, Ellen Robertson","Monahan, John (John Thomas), 1946-","Reddaway, Peter (1939)","Regier, Darrel A.","Smith, Carolyn","Stern, Leon"],"language_ssim":["English Russian"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":263,"online_item_count_is":18,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-20T23:31:33.580Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_4_resources_1347_c01_c04"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_4_resources_1347_c01_c05","type":"Subseries","attributes":{"title":"1989 U.S. Department of State investigative mission to the Soviet Union","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_4_resources_1347_c01_c05#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis sub-series contains materials related to the organization, planning and logistics of the trip, as well as background information about the psychiatric abuse in the U.S.S.R.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_4_resources_1347_c01_c05#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viu_repositories_4_resources_1347_c01_c05","ref_ssm":["viu_repositories_4_resources_1347_c01_c05"],"id":"viu_repositories_4_resources_1347_c01_c05","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_4_resources_1347","_root_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_1347","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_1347_c01","parent_ssi":"viu_repositories_4_resources_1347_c01","parent_ssim":["viu_repositories_4_resources_1347","viu_repositories_4_resources_1347_c01"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viu_repositories_4_resources_1347","viu_repositories_4_resources_1347_c01"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Loren Roth papers","Abuse of psychiatry and psychiatrists"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Loren Roth papers","Abuse of psychiatry and psychiatrists"],"text":["Loren Roth papers","Abuse of psychiatry and psychiatrists","1989 U.S. Department of State investigative mission to the Soviet Union","This sub-series contains materials related to the organization, planning and logistics of the trip, as well as background information about the psychiatric abuse in the U.S.S.R."],"title_filing_ssi":"1989 U.S. Department of State investigative mission to the Soviet Union ","title_ssm":["1989 U.S. Department of State investigative mission to the Soviet Union"],"title_tesim":["1989 U.S. Department of State investigative mission to the Soviet Union"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1987-1991"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1987/1991"],"normalized_title_ssm":["1989 U.S. Department of State investigative mission to the Soviet Union"],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"collection_ssim":["Loren Roth papers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":13,"level_ssm":["Subseries"],"level_ssim":["Subseries"],"sort_isi":33,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["There are access restrictions on some of the materials in this series. When a file or item is restricted, an additional note explaining the conditions of access is attached to the file or item description."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The Arthur J. Morris Law Library does not grant researchers permission to publish copies of any of the materials in this collection."],"date_range_isim":[1987,1988,1989,1990,1991],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis sub-series contains materials related to the organization, planning and logistics of the trip, as well as background information about the psychiatric abuse in the U.S.S.R.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This sub-series contains materials related to the organization, planning and logistics of the trip, as well as background information about the psychiatric abuse in the U.S.S.R."],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#4","timestamp":"2026-05-20T23:31:33.580Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_4_resources_1347","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_4_resources_1347","_root_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_1347","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_1347","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_4_resources_1347.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/169336","title_ssm":["Loren Roth papers"],"title_tesim":["Loren Roth papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1950-2022","1974-2022"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1974-2022"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1950-2022"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS.2021.01","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/1347"],"text":["MSS.2021.01","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/1347","Loren Roth papers","Psychiatry -- Soviet Union","Political prisoners -- Soviet Union","Dissenters -- Soviet Union","Researchers may only access and view the materials in this collection onsite and in-person at the University of Virginia Law Library in Charlottesville, Virginia. The following additional restrictions apply to any materials that contain the names of the interviewees of the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the Soviet Union and/or 1991 ad hoc mission to the Soviet Union by the World Psychiatric Association:","1. To obtain access to these records, interested researchers must sign a form to agree not to use, document, or disclose names of the patients or their families, or other identifying information about these persons and to abide by all the provisions specified in the present document. The form is available on site from the responsible official of the UVA Law Library. ","2. These materials may not be copied, photographed, or otherwise reproduced digitally. ","3. Before accessing the requested materials, interested researchers must agree to abide by reasonable administrative, technical, and physical safeguards, as approved by the UVA Law Library, to prevent unauthorized use or disclosure of the information. These procedures shall be followed by all persons associated with the applicant's research project.  ","4. Records in this category are also subject to the following safeguards: (i) Any information that would permit the identification of an individual (names, biographical data, etc.) may not be used, documented, or made public by the researcher, nor will any attempt to contact them be made. However, this does not preclude the researcher from contacting a person in advance of gaining access, for the purpose of obtaining access.  (ii) If a researcher obtains written authorization for access from an interviewee or from his/her legal guardian, the records may be made available to that researcher. (iii) Interviewees themselves may have free access to their own health information if contained in this collection. ","5. If the University of Virginia Law Library discovers that a researcher has violated the confidentiality of information or the conditions of access, the Law Library shall take steps to revoke the research privileges of the researcher and shall consult with University of Virginia legal counsel to prevent further disclosure of the health information.","Finally, different access restrictions may apply to some of the items in  this collection. Whenever possible, archivists have made a note of these restrictions in other parts of the finding aid.","There are access restrictions on some of the materials in this series. When a file or item is restricted, an additional note explaining the conditions of access is attached to the file or item description.","The items in these folders contain sensitive information about the health or treatment of the persons interviewed by the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the Soviet Union. The restrictions on access to these materials are outlined in the Conditions Governing Access note at the collection level of this finding aid.","This file contains sensitive information about the health or treatment of the persons interviewed by the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the Soviet Union. The restrictions on access to these materials are outlined in the Conditions Governing Access note at the collection level of this finding aid.","This file contain sensitive information about the health or treatment of the persons interviewed by the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the Soviet Union. The restrictions on access to these materials are outlined in the Conditions Governing Access note at the collection level of this finding aid.","This file contain sensitive information about the health or treatment of the persons interviewed by the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the Soviet Union. The restrictions on access to these materials are outlined in the Conditions Governing Access note at the collection level of this finding aid.","This file contain sensitive information about the health or treatment of the persons interviewed by the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the Soviet Union. The restrictions on access to these materials are outlined in the Conditions Governing Access note at the collection level of this finding aid.","This file contain sensitive information about the health or treatment of the persons interviewed by the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the Soviet Union. The restrictions on access to these materials are outlined in the Conditions Governing Access note at the collection level of this finding aid.","This file contain sensitive information about the health or treatment of the persons interviewed by the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the Soviet Union. The restrictions on access to these materials are outlined in the Conditions Governing Access note at the collection level of this finding aid.","This file contains sensitive information about the health or treatment of the persons interviewed by the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the Soviet Union. The restrictions on access to these materials are outlined in the Conditions Governing Access note at the collection level of this finding aid.","This file contains sensitive information about the health or treatment of the persons interviewed by the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the Soviet Union. The restrictions on access to these materials are outlined in the Conditions Governing Access note at the collection level of this finding aid.","This file contains sensitive information about the health or treatment of the persons interviewed by the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the Soviet Union. The restrictions on access to these materials are outlined in the Conditions Governing Access note at the collection level of this finding aid.","This file contains sensitive information about the health or treatment of the persons interviewed by the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the Soviet Union. The restrictions on access to these materials are outlined in the Conditions Governing Access note at the collection level of this finding aid.","This file contains sensitive information about the health or treatment of the persons interviewed by the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the Soviet Union. The restrictions on access to these materials are outlined in the Conditions Governing Access note at the collection level of this finding aid.","This file contains sensitive information about the health or treatment of the persons interviewed by the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the Soviet Union. The restrictions on access to these materials are outlined in the Conditions Governing Access note at the collection level of this finding aid.","This file contains sensitive information about the health or treatment of the persons interviewed by the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the Soviet Union. The restrictions on access to these materials are outlined in the Conditions Governing Access note at the collection level of this finding aid.","This file contains sensitive information about the health or treatment of the persons interviewed by the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the Soviet Union. The restrictions on access to these materials are outlined in the Conditions Governing Access note at the collection level of this finding aid.","This file contains sensitive information about the health or treatment of the persons interviewed by the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the Soviet Union. The restrictions on access to these materials are outlined in the Conditions Governing Access note at the collection level of this finding aid.","This file contains sensitive information about the health or treatment of the persons interviewed by the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the Soviet Union. The restrictions on access to these materials are outlined in the Conditions Governing Access note at the collection level of this finding aid.","This file contains sensitive information about the health or treatment of the persons interviewed by the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the Soviet Union. The restrictions on access to these materials are outlined in the Conditions Governing Access note at the collection level of this finding aid.","This file contains sensitive information about the health or treatment of the persons interviewed by the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the Soviet Union. The restrictions on access to these materials are outlined in the Conditions Governing Access note at the collection level of this finding aid.","This file contains sensitive information about the health or treatment of the persons interviewed by the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the Soviet Union. The restrictions on access to these materials are outlined in the Conditions Governing Access note at the collection level of this finding aid.","This file contains sensitive information about the health or treatment of the persons interviewed by the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the Soviet Union. The restrictions on access to these materials are outlined in the Conditions Governing Access note at the collection level of this finding aid.","This file contain sensitive information about the health or treatment of the persons interviewed by the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the Soviet Union. The restrictions on access to these materials are outlined in the Conditions Governing Access note at the collection level of this finding aid.","This file contain sensitive information about the health or treatment of the persons interviewed in the U.S.S.R. The restrictions on access to these materials are outlined in the Conditions Governing Access note at the collection level of this finding aid.","This file contain sensitive information about the health or treatment of the persons interviewed in the U.S.S.R. The restrictions on access to these materials are outlined in the Conditions Governing Access note at the collection level of this finding aid.","This file contain sensitive information about the health or treatment of the persons interviewed in the U.S.S.R. The restrictions on access to these materials are outlined in the Conditions Governing Access note at the collection level of this finding aid.","This file contain sensitive information about the health or treatment of the persons interviewed in the U.S.S.R. The restrictions on access to these materials are outlined in the Conditions Governing Access note at the collection level of this finding aid.","The interviews with the former Soviet patients and the original 1989 recording are restricted and special permissions apply.","Dr. Joseph D. Bloom did not request any additional restrictions on access to this interview beyond those that the University of Virginia has made for all the oral histories from the Soviet Psychiatry Oral History Project (2021-2022).","Kyrill Borissow did not request any additional restrictions on access to this interview beyond those that the University of Virginia has made for all the oral histories from the Soviet Psychiatry Oral History Project (2021-2022).","Dr. William Carpenter did not request any additional restrictions on access to this interview beyond those that the University of Virginia has made for all the oral histories from the Soviet Psychiatry Oral History Project (2021-2022).","Robert William Farrand did not request any additional restrictions on access to this interview beyond those that the University of Virginia has made for all the oral histories from the Soviet Psychiatry Oral History Project (2021-2022).","Dr. Robert Hirschfeld did not request any additional restrictions on access to this interview beyond those that the University of Virginia has made for all the oral histories from the Soviet Psychiatry Oral History Project (2021-2022).","William Hopkins did not request any additional restrictions on access to this interview beyond those that the University of Virginia has made for all the oral histories from the Soviet Psychiatry Oral History Project (2021-2022).","Mr. I. did not request any additional restrictions on access to this interview beyond those that the University of Virginia has made for all the oral histories from the Soviet Psychiatry Oral History Project (2021-2022). However, due to the sensitive nature of the topics covered in the interview, the University of Virginia restricts access according to the guidelines for more sensitive materials outlined in the Conditions Governing Access note at the collection level of this finding aid.","Dr. Samuel Keith did not request any additional restrictions on access to this interview beyond those that the University of Virginia has made for all the oral histories from the Soviet Psychiatry Oral History Project (2021-2022).","Dr. Felix Kleyman did not request any additional restrictions on access to this interview beyond those that the University of Virginia has made for all the oral histories from the Soviet Psychiatry Oral History Project (2021-2022).","Andrey Kovalev did not request any additional restrictions on access to this interview beyond those that the University of Virginia has made for all the oral histories from the Soviet Psychiatry Oral History Project (2021-2022).","Ellen Mercer did not request any additional restrictions on access to this interview beyond those that the University of Virginia has made for all the oral histories from the Soviet Psychiatry Oral History Project (2021-2022).","Dr. John T. Monahan did not request any additional restrictions on access to this interview beyond those that the University of Virginia has made for all the oral histories from the Soviet Psychiatry Oral History Project (2021-2022).","Peter Reddaway did not request any additional restrictions on access to this interview beyond those that the University of Virginia has made for all the oral histories from the Soviet Psychiatry Oral History Project (2021-2022).","Dr. Darrel Regier did not request any additional restrictions on access to this interview beyond those that the University of Virginia has made for all the oral histories from the Soviet Psychiatry Oral History Project (2021-2022).","In addition to the restrictions on access that applies to all the oral histories from the Soviet Psychiatry Oral History Project (2021-2022),  Dr. Loren Roth requested that The University of Virginia only make his interview available to researchers on-site at the repository preserving the interview.","Mr. S. did not request any additional restrictions on access to this interview beyond those that the University of Virginia has made for all the oral histories from the Soviet Psychiatry Oral History Project (2021-2022). However, due to the sensitive nature of the topics covered in the interview, the University of Virginia restricts access to both recordings according to the guidelines for more sensitive materials outlined in the Conditions Governing Access note at the collection level of this finding aid.","Carolyn Smith did not request any additional restrictions on access to this interview beyond those that the University of Virginia has made for all the oral histories from the Soviet Psychiatry Oral History Project (2021-2022).","In addition to the restrictions on access that applies to all the oral histories from the Soviet Psychiatry Oral History Project (2021-2022),  Dr. Leon Stern requested that The University of Virginia only make his interview available to researchers on-site at the repository preserving the interview.","This file contain sensitive information about the health or treatment of persons from the Soviet Union. The restrictions on access to these materials are outlined in the Conditions Governing Access note at the collection level of this finding aid.","This file contain sensitive information about the health or treatment of persons from the Soviet Union. The restrictions on access to these materials are outlined in the Conditions Governing Access note at the collection level of this finding aid.","The files in this series are arranged by subject into 14 sub-series.","The files in this sub-series are arranged in chronological order.","The files in this sub-series are arranged in chronological order.","While it is understood that the misuse of psychiatry for non-medical reasons allegedly started in the U.S.S.R. after the October Revolution of 1917, its widespread and systematic use as a tool to silence political dissent became well-documented during Khrushchev's era. In a 1959 speech attributed to Khrushchev, he allegedly attempted to justify putting dissidents in psychiatric hospitals by saying that only a mentally ill person may be opposed to Communism (1). While there also were \"political\" parts of the R.S.F.S.R. Criminal Code that criminalized anti-Soviet agitation and slander of the Soviet state, psychiatry was often used to isolate dissidents, punish them with psychiatric drugs, discredit their ideas, and avoid criminal law procedures.","The \"Sluggish schizophrenia\" concept developed by academician Snezhnevsky had overly broad diagnostic criteria that allowed the diagnosis of schizophrenia in patients who showed no symptoms, on the assumption that these symptoms would appear later (2). In almost every case, dissidents were examined at the Serbsky Central Research Institute for Forensic Psychiatry.\nInformation about Soviet repressive psychiatry became well-known in the West after 1971 dissident Vladimir Bukovsky smuggled over 150 pages documenting the political abuse of psychiatric institutions in the Soviet Union into the West. The papers were studied by independent psychiatrists in several countries and released to the press (3). \"Bukovsky's papers\" galvanized human rights activists worldwide and those within the Soviet Union.","While the attempt to bring the matter to the official agenda of the World Psychiatric Association (W.P.A.) at their 1971 World Congress in Mexico was unsuccessful, it kept gaining more and more outcry worldwide. So, in 1977, the W.P.A. adopted the Hawaii Declaration – a milestone defining principles of good and ethical medical practice. The All-Union Society of Psychiatrists and Narcologists, the official Soviet professional organization, was bound to withdraw from the W.P.A. at its next Congress in 1983—the allegations of the political abuse of psychiatry inflicted irretrievable damage on the prestige of Soviet medicine.","In 1975, the Soviet Union, the United States, and other countries signed the Helsinki Accords - the key document of the Conference of Security and Cooperation in Europe (C.S.C.E.). The Accords signaled a détente between the East and the West and built the foundation for the end of the Cold War, the U.S.-Soviet disarmament talks, and the \"third basket\" on human rights and freedoms in the Soviet Union.","Mikhail Gorbachev, who became the head of the Soviet Communist Party in 1985, prioritized the improvement of U.S.-Soviet relations. Also, Gorbachev launched the domestic \"perestroika\" (restructuring) and \"glasnost\" (openness) initiatives. These combined foreign and domestic policy developments fostered interest, internally and externally, in the plight of Soviet political prisoners. The Soviet Union released many political prisoners from labor camps, and in April 1987, Secretary Schultz and Soviet Minister of Foreign Affairs Shevardnadze agreed on a human rights dialog (4). As part of this broader dialog, in September 1987, the Soviet representatives began to try to assure their American counterparts that the abuse of psychiatry had ended (5).","Notes:","1. Khrushchev had said this in a speech published in the state newspaper Pravda on 24 May 1959: A crime is a deviation from generally recognized standards of behaviour frequently caused by mental disorder. Can there be diseases, nervous disorders among certain people in a Communist society? Evidently yes. If that is so, then there will also be offences, which are characteristic of people with abnormal minds. Of those who might start calling for opposition to Communism on this basis, we can say that clearly their mental state is not normal.\nKnapp, Martin, et al. Mental Health Policy and Practice Across Europe: The Future Direction of Mental Health Care, McGraw-Hill Education, 2006. ProQuest Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/uva/detail.action?docID=316293.","2. Sfera, Adonis. Can psychiatry be misused again?. Frontiers in Psychiatry. 9 September 2013;(4):101. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2013.00101. PMID 24058348.","3. For more information, see Reddaway, Peter (12 March 1971). \"Plea to West on Soviet 'mad-house' jails\". The Times. p. 8.; Bloch, Sidney; Reddaway, Peter (1984). Soviet Psychiatric Abuse. The Shadow Over World Psychiatry. London: Gollancz.","4. Schifter-Adamishin book, timeline, page xix","5. Id, pages xix and xx","During the late 1980s, U.S.-Soviet discussions about the abuse of psychiatry led to the formation of a special U.S. delegation to the Soviet Union. In February 1989, the U.S.S.R. allowed the delegation to independently assess 27 Soviet citizens believed to have been psychiatrically committed for non-medical reasons. The U.S.S.R. also allowed the delegation to inspect ordinary psychiatric hospitals and other hospitals known as \"psychoprisons.\" The U.S. delegation's psychiatric leader was Dr. Loren Roth of the University of Pittsburgh. The U.S. State Department organized the trip, closely cooperating with the American Psychiatric Association and the National Institute of Mental Health. Their Soviet counterparts were the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The Soviet Ministry of Health and the conservative leadership of Soviet psychiatry, both believed to have been deeply involved in abuse, internally opposed the visit. However, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs overcame this opposition, and their support was critical to the U.S. delegation's success.","The U.S. delegation consisted of leading experts in psychiatry, forensic psychiatry, forensic psychology, law, and Sovietology. Also, it included a representative of the American Psychological Association (A.P.A.), and émigré Soviet psychiatrists living in the United States.","From April 1988 onward, Dr. Loren Roth engaged in extensive negotiations with his Soviet counterparts on the details of the visit. They discussed the list of people (\"patients\") to be assessed by the delegation and the processes for obtaining their consent. There were difficult negotiations over the presence of Soviet psychiatrists during the examinations, and the need to protect the interviewees from potential intimidation and retaliation.","The U.S. delegation advocated for and adopted critical precautions to ensure the transparency of the mission and its findings. They used scientifically developed structural psychiatric interview schedules, brought U.S. interpreters to assist the delegation, avoided sharing the cost of the trip with the Soviet side, collected urine samples to rule out overmedication, videotaped the interviews, and spoke with friends/relatives of those interviewed.","Although there was a significant risk that the Soviet Union would cancel the delegation's visit, it occurred between February and March, 1989. The American team evaluated 27 Soviet citizens and inspected special psychiatric hospitals in Kazan and Chernyakhovsk as well as ordinary psychiatric hospitals in Vilnius and Kaunas.","Among those interviewed by the U.S. team were people still hospitalized, and those who had been previously discharged. The American team was greatly assisted by Mr. Aleksandr \"Sasha\" Podrabinek, the Soviet and, subsequently, Russian dissident. He was an expert on the issue of abuse of psychiatry and author of the 1979 book \"Punitive Medicine\" (see references). Mr. Podrabinek facilitated access to those who had been previously released and claimed to be unavailable by Soviet counterparts.","The U.S. team detailed their conclusions in their final report, \"Assessment of Recent Changes in Soviet Psychiatry\" (available in this collection), which researchers are encouraged to read. The Soviet Union responded officially with its own report.","The 1989 visit laid a foundation for subsequent collaboration between the two countries in the area of mental health. The U.S.-Russia Health Committee met from 1994 to 2000 as a part of a larger Gore-Chernomyrdin Commission. It focused, in particular, on mental health care during disasters and the primary care physician's role in caring for patients with depression.","Shortly after the American mission was over, the W.P.A. congress in Athens decided to provisionally readmit the Soviet All-Union Society after receiving an official, although somewhat vague, admission of the past wrongdoings (covered in detail in On Dissidents and Madness by Robert van Voren). In 1991, the W.P.A. undertook an ad hoc psychiatric inspection of the Soviet Union that Dr. Jim Birley headed. Dr. Loren Roth and other experts who served on the 1989 U.S. State Department mission joined this inspection.","In 1990, a delegation of Soviet psychiatrists and politicians visited the United States for an educational trip to American psychiatric services and scholarly dialogues.","\nResearchers are encouraged to read the resources listed below to gain a better understanding of the historical events surrounding the 1989 delegation:","- the Schizophrenia Bulletin (supplement to Vol 15, # 4, 1989), which contains the brief overview of the reasons, methodology, and findings of the American team in the U.S., the final report of the U.S. delegation both in English and Russian, as well as the Soviet response in both languages (Hyperlink1)\n- The New York Times article \"Accord Is Sought by U.S. And Soviet on Mental Wards\" of May 22, 1988\n- The Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, Volume 49, Number 4, 2021 \"Jonas Rappeport: A Direct, Accomplished AAPL Leader\" by Dr. Loren Roth\n- Report by the World Psychiatric Association Team on the Visit to the Soviet Union, 9-29 June 1991, headed by Dr. Jim Burley\n- Human Rights, Perestroika, and the End of the Cold War co-authored by Anatoly Adamishin and Richard Schifter in 2009","In 2021, three decades after the 1989 trip to assess the conditions of Soviet citizens confined in psychiatric hospitals for political reasons, an oral history project was initiated to document it. Loren H. Roth, Ellen Mercer, and Richard Bonnie, three members of the delegation, had always wanted to evaluate if the mission had had any lasting impact on the lives of the people interviewed and on the quality and ethical integrity of psychiatric care in the countries of the former Soviet Union. The oral history project began in conjunction with the donation of Loren Roth's papers to the University of Virginia School of Law Library. Olena Protsenko, a Ukrainian human rights lawyer, organized Roth's papers and began researching related collections. Richard Bonnie's papers and Saleem Shah's files on the abuse of psychiatry, also part of the University of Virginia Law Library manuscript collections, were essential to the project's development.","Dr. Joseph D. Bloom was one of the few forensic psychiatrists on the 1989 U.S. Department of State Delegation to the Soviet Union to investigate the abuse of psychiatry. Bloom is Dean Emeritus of the Oregon Health and Science University and Clinical Professor at the Department of Psychiatry of the University of Arizona Fenix College of Medicine.","Mr. Borissow is an American of a Russian descend. He was a contract interpreter for the U.S. State Department for many years. During the 1989 trip, he was on the sub-team # 3 under the leadership of Dr. Hirschfeld, interpreting in Leningrad.","Dr. William Carpenter was leader of team #2 of the 1989 American investigative scientific mission to the Soviet Union. He is Professor of Medicine at the University of Maryland School of Medicine and former Director of the Maryland Psychiatric Research Center.","Robert William Farrand retired in 1998 after 34 years in the U.S. Foreign Service. He served as Ambassador to Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, and Vanuatu from 1990 until 1993. ","In 1988-89 he led the U.S. delegation of medical and forensic professionals to investigate the Soviet Union's political weaponizing of psychiatry, for which he received a Superior Honor Award.","Farrand was concurrently Supervisor of the Bosnian city of Brčko and Deputy High Representative for the northern sector of Bosnia and Herzegovina (1997 to 2000).  ","Dr. Robert Hirschfeld is Professor of Psychiatry at Weill Cornell Medical College. He was the team leader of team # 3 during the 1989 psychiatric delegation to the U.S.S.R.","Mr. William Hopkins is a retired U.S. State Department staff interpreter. During the 1989 U.S. psychiatric mission to the USSR, he interpreted for team # 2 under the leadership of Dr. William Carpenter.","Mr. I. is a Soviet/Ukrainian dissident who was repeatedly involuntarily committed to a psychiatric hospital for political reasons. He was one of the people interviewed by the U.S. State Department investigative psychiatric mission to the U.S.S.R. in 1989.","Dr. Keith is the Emeritus Milton Rosenbaum Professor of Psychiatry and Psychology at the University of New Mexico School of Medicine. He was a Deputy Director and Associate Director for Schizophrenia Programs at the NIMH as of 1989. He was the team leader of team # 1 during the 1989 psychiatric delegation to the U.S.S.R.","Dr. Felix Kleyman is a psychiatrist practicing in New York City. At the time of the 1989 U.S. State Department mission to the Soviet Union to investigate abuse of psychiatry, Dr. Kleyman was an assistant clinical professor of psychiatry at New York Medical College. Dr. Kleyman was one of the few Russian-speaking, U.S.S.R. and U.S.-trained psychiatrists on the American team. Dr. Kleyman was also a member of the 1991 W.P.A.  mission to the Soviet Union once the All-Union Society of Psychiatrists and Narcologists was provisionally readmitted to the W.P.A.","As of 1989, Mr. Kovalev was a Senior Advisor of the Department for International Humanitarian and Cultural Relations at the Soviet Ministry of Foreign Affairs. He was charged with bringing Soviet legislation and practice in line with the international obligations of the U.S.S.R. Mr. Kovalev was responsible for the development and implementation of the psychiatric reform, including the organization of the visit of the American psychiatric delegation in 1989.","At the time of the 1989 U.S. psychiatric mission to the U.S.S.R. Ms. Mercer was the Director of the A.P.A. Office of International Affairs. She is believed to be one of the initiators of the visit and was deeply involved in its planning and preparation as the representative of the American Psychiatric Association (A.P.A.). During the visit itself, she was a member of the team inspecting psychiatric hospitals on the ground.","John T. Monahan is the John S. Shannon Distinguished Professor of Law, Professor of Psychology, Hunton Andrews Kurth Professor of Law at the University of Virginia School of Law. He was the only forensic psychologist on the 1989 U.S. State Department investigative psychiatric mission to the Soviet Union.","Mr. Reddaway is a renowned expert on Russian and Soviet politics, author of many books and publications. He is Professor Emeritus of Political Science and International Affairs at George Washington University.","Dr. Darrel Regier was the Scientific Director of the 1989 State Department investigative mission to the U.S.S.R. and coordinated all aspects of the clinical assessment procedure. Dr. Regier completed twenty-five years at the National Institute of Mental Health (N.I.M.H.), during which time he directed three research divisions in the areas of epidemiology, prevention, clinical research, and health services research. Dr. Regier is currently a Senior Scientist at the Center for the Study of Traumatic Stress, in the Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine and Department of Psychiatry, Uniformed Services University. He also serves as an independent senior scientific consultant to the American Psychiatric Association (A.P.A.) on DSM-5 and research related issues.","Dr. Roth was the psychiatric leader of the 1989 U.S. State Department investigative psychiatric mission to the U.S.S.R. Following 44 years of distinguished service to the Department of Psychiatry and the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Loren H. Roth, M.D., M.P.H., was recognized and awarded Emeritus status at a special reception following the Department's Annual Research Day held June 7, 2018. \nPrior to his being an Emeritus Professor, for the previous five years Dr. Roth was the Associate Senior Vice Chancellor, Clinic Policy and Planning, Health Sciences, University of Pittsburgh; Distinguished Service Professor of Psychiatry, Professor of Health Policy and Management, and Clinical and Translational Science; and Senior Advisor, Quality, UPMC Health Plan.  In addition to his many academic positions, Dr. Roth has held multiple leadership roles at UPMC culminating in his being the first Chief Medical Officer of the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (U.P.M.C.) (2003-2007).","Mr. S. is a Soviet/Russian dissident who was repeatedly involuntarily committed to a psychiatric hospital for political reasons. He was one of the people interviewed by the U.S. State Department investigative psychiatric mission to the U.S.S.R. in 1989.","Fluent in English and Russian, Ms. Smith was a contract interpreter for the U.S. State Department for many years. She interpreted for both the 1989 American delegation and the 1991 WPA delegation to the Soviet Union. During the 1989 trip, she was on the sub-team # 1 under the leadership of Dr. Samuel J. Keith, M.D. interpreting in Moscow.","Dr. Leon Stern is a Russian-speaking psychiatrist who was a member of the field team that inspected four psychiatric hospitals across the Soviet Union. Dr. Stern is a psychiatrist in private practice.","Olena Protsenko processed this collection. She was a post-doctoral Research Associate in Psychiatry and Law at the University of Virginia School of Law.","This collection is divided into two series. The first series, \"abuse of psychiatry and psychiatrists\", consists of subject files compiled by Dr. Loren Roth, Professor of Psychiatry at the University of Pittsburgh. They are evidence of Dr. Roth's efforts to stop the abuse of psychiatry and psychiatrists for political reasons, with an emphasis on the former Soviet Union. The subject files contain correspondence, articles, reports, evaluations, meeting minutes, agendas, planning materials, diaries, photographs, memoranda, handwritten notes, programs, books, videotapes, ephemera, and other items. Together, these materials date from around 1950 to 2008. However the bulk of them date from the 1970s to the 1990s, when Dr. Roth participated in U.S. delegations to the former Soviet Union and was part of the American Psychological Association's (APA) Committees on Human Rights and International Abuse of Psychiatry and Psychiatrists.","\nThe second series consists of materials that were gathered and produced for the \"Retrospective Review of the 1989 U.S. State Department Psychiatric Mission to the U.S.S.R.\" project. These materials include oral history interviews with individuals involved with the 1989 mission, a 1989 recorded interview with a psychiatric patient, project correspondence, biographical files, interview minutes, and an organizational chart. Most of the items in this series date from the time of the project, 2021 to 2022.","This series consists of subject files that Dr. Loren Henry Roth assembled and used while working to stop the abuse of psychiatry and psychiatrists for political reasons, emphasizing abuse in the former Soviet Union. The files contain correspondence, memoranda, meeting documents, articles, reports, lists, forms, evaluations, photographs, diaries, and other materials.","World Psychiatric Association Proposed Declaration of Hawaii; \"Honolulu Paper\": Somerville, John: \"Ethics and Psychiatry,\" (1977); Committee of French Psychiatrists Against The Political Uses of Psychiatry Special Bulletin, the World Congress of Psychiatry in Hawaii; newspaper clippings from Hawaiian newspapers (1977). APA white paper: \"Misuse and Abuse of Psychiatry in the U.S.: A definition and Discussion,\" (1991); correspondence and papers of Paul Chodoff, (1989-1990 and undated); Helmchen, H. and A. Okasha: \"From the Hawaii Declaration to the Declaration of Madrid,\" Acta Psychiatr Scand 200:101: 2023","Copy of the Report to the Board of Trustees, American Psychiatric Association of the Ad Hoc Committee on the Use of Psychiatric Institutions for the Commitment of Political Dissenters (1972); Boekovski Berichten Bukovsky News: The Case of Irina Grivnina (1985?); Statement of Dr. Algirdas Statkevicius to the Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe (1988); copy of letter from Peter Reddaway to Viktor Nakas, Leon Stern, Robert van Voren and Algirdas Statkevicius (1989); copy of translation of SB case (1987-1989); U.S. Helsinki Watch Committee [memorandum] re Shatravka Family (1988); Committee of Concerned Scientists, Inc \"Call for Action for Three Soviet Former Prisoners of Conscience,\" (1988); and newspaper clippings mainly of Pyotr G. Grigorenko and Anatoly Koryagin","\"Special Report, The Medical Profession and the Prevention of Torture,\" The New England Journal of Medicine (October 1985); \"Sowing fear: The Uses of Torture and Psychological Abuse in Chile,\" A Report by Physicians for Human Rights (October 1988); Proposal. Center for Rehabilitation of Torture Victims [RCT], New York, NY and Roseland, New Jersey (undated); RCT International Newsletter on Treatment and Rehabilitation of Torture Victims (1990-1991); RCT IRCT [International Rehabilitation Council for Torture Victims]: Torture [packet of documents] (1991-1992); Jacobsen, Lone and Pete Vesti: Torture Survivors – a New Group of Patients, The Danish Nurses Organization, 1990; Canadian Centre for Victims of Torture","Human Rights Task Force of the APA survey on human rights organizations (1984); Human Rights Survey Responses (1988); Human Rights Cases Monitored by the APA (1990); photocopy of European Convention on Human Rights Collected Texts, Strasbourg, 1965.  Folder includes an incomplete set of The World Medical Association press releases (1975-1990), printed materials and news clippings","Documents from the Ninth Session of the U.S.-U.S.S.R. Joint Committee for Health Cooperation, (1988-11-17); Trip Report – P.H.S. Delegation Visit to the Soviet Union  November 13-20, 1988 Ninth U.S.-U.S.S.R. Health Committee Meeting (1989-01-25); Summary of Cooperation in Health Between the US Public Health Service and the Ministry of Health of the U.S.S.R. (1989-01-26); Peter Henry thoughts re Implications of Trip for U.S.-Soviet Health Agreement (1989-02-02)","Roth's printed account of trip that he made with Rabbi Mark Staitman, Larry Hurwitz, cardiologist;  Harold and Esther Garfinkel, community leaders; Joy Weber, science writer, and Rabbi Jonathan Stein. September 20-October 1, 1986. (2 versions)","Dr. Roth and Ambassador Schifter's preliminary planning documents for the U.S. mission to the U.S.S.R. in April of 1988.","APA Memorandum re \"use of psychiatry for political purposes\" (1988-03-21); [USSR] Regulations for Psychiatric Hospitals, LS No. 124600 JS/AO Russian, Appendix to Decree No. 225 of the USSR Ministry of Public Health, 21 March 1988; Pre-summit discussions. Report of Soviet Contact (1988-03-23): Gennadi N. Milyokhin, M.D. visit to Parklawn;  [Unedited] On the Record Briefing of Richard Schifter, Assistant Secretary of State for Human Rights and Humanitarian Affairs,  March 25, 1988","Peter Reddaway: \"Will Perestroika End Political Abuse in Soviet Psychiatry?\" (1988-07-03); copy of pages 5-6 of \"Argumenty I fakty\" No. 11/1987, [Reporter V. Romanenko interviews with  Dr. Marat Vartanyan (1987- 03-21-27)]; anonymous draft \"Ground Rounds\", \"Abuses in Soviet Psychiatry\" (undated); Karklins, Rasma: \"The Dissent/Coercion Nexus in the USSR, Working Paper #36, Soviet Interview Project (1987-05); Roth's handwritten notes; copies of printed materials related to Soviet psychiatry; annotated copy of Berman, Harold J.: Soviet Criminal Law and Procedure. The RSFR Codes. Cambridge, Harvard University Press, 1977, pp. 3-124","Stipulations for Delegation of U.S. Psychiatrists and Other Experts Visiting the USSR (1988-11-09); Roth's handwritten notes. Also Ellen Mercer U.S.S.R. Trip Confidential  Report (1988 -11) and Saleem A. Shah Department of Health and Human Services Report on International Travel (1988-11-18). Correspondence to Alexander A. Churkin  with documents: US-Soviet Understanding for Delegation of US Psychiatrists and Other Experts Visiting the USSR; \"Discussions\"; Consent Forms for Persons Interviewed and of Relatives and Friends (1988-12-19)","re assesment of Soviet Psychiatry (1988-08-04), memorandum re \"Sensible Tactics re U.S. Delegation on Soviet Psychiatry; human rights and Soviet Psychiatry; \"things to do; Roth's notes; and Roth: \"Uses of Psychiatry in the U.S.S.R. and U.S.A,\" Browning Hoffman Lecture, UVA School of LAw (1988-10-07).","International Association on the Political Use of Psychiatry [IAPUP]: Information Bulletin Nos. 3, 9, 11, 18-21; also copy of \"II. The Case of All-Union Society (undated). Soviet Psychiatry News, vol. 1, nos. 1-2 (1989)","US State Department Soviet Psychiatric Project Delegation to the Soviet Union Planning Trip – correspondence, telegrams, memoranda re: negotiations, support and concerns, instructions, logistics for the trip. Correspondence with Soviet and US officials, and other psychiatrists. Summary of discussions with Ambassador Richard Schifter (1989-02-11); comments from Saleem Shah (1989-02-10); from Robert van Voren, Ellen Mercer, Dr. Edward Kelty and others.","This sub-series contains materials related to the organization, planning and logistics of the trip, as well as background information about the psychiatric abuse in the U.S.S.R.","This file contains memoranda, handwritten notes, list of participants, questionnaires, Forensic Interview Schedule, and Interpersonal Personality Disorder Examination (IPDE).","DSM-III-R Criteria Checklist (1988-05-23; Structural Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R Patient Version (1988-06-01) SCID-NP/OP Psychotic Screening (1988-06-01); Instruction Manual for the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R (1988 and 1989)","DSM-III-R Criteria Checklist (1988-05-23; Structural Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R Patient Version (1988-06-01) SCID-NP/OP Psychotic Screening (1988-06-01); Instruction Manual for the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R (1988 and 1989)","Russian version of IPDE (1989-02-16); Russian version of Revised SCID Standardized Clinical Study According to DSM-III-PD Criteria (SKID) (1991-04); Russian version of World Psychiatric Association visit to the USSR Forensic Examination (1991-03)","The reports were written by doctors Jonas Rappeport, M.D., Vladimir Levit, MD., Samuel J. Keith, M.D, Darrell A. Regier, M.D., Loren Roth, M.D., Felix Kleyman, M.D., Joseph Bloom, M.D., William. T. Carpenter, M.D., Robert Hirschfeld, M.D., Alla Arsenian (interpreter); Elmore Rigamer, M.D., Joel Klein; Boris Shostokovich, M.D.; John Monahan; Nancy Andreason, M.D.; William Farrand.","Reports of forensic evaluations done in Moscow and Leningrad by Jonas R. Rappeport, John Monahan, Joseph D. Bloom; draft of Roth's \"Patient Sample –Description. Methodological Issues – Obstacles\" (1989-04-10); assessments and handwritten notes re patients; Russian document with translation re patients (undated); Roth's notes on various interviewees (1991-02-07)","The materials in this file include Roth's letters to persons who he wished to interview but didn't; U.S. Department of State \"transliteration\" of names (1989-04-04) and inventory of status of cases (1989-04-05)","\"Delegation of US Psychiatrists Issues Press Statement\" signed by members of the US Psychiatric Delegation: Nancy Andreasen, M. D.; Joseph D. Bloom, M.D.; Richard J. Bonnie; William T. Carpenter, M.D.; Robert M. A. Hirschfeld, M. D.; Samuel J. Keith, M.D.; Joel Klein; Felix L. Kleyman, M.D.; Vladimir A. Levit, M.D.;  David Lozovsky, M. D.; Ellen Mercer, John Monahan, PhD; Jonas R. Rappeport, M.D.; Peter B. Reddaway, Ph.D; Darrel A. Regier, MD.D., M.P.H.; Elmore E. Rigamer, M.D.; Leon Stern, M.D.; Harold M. Visotsky, M. D.]","Testimonies of Darrel A. Regier, Robert W. Farrard, Peter Reddaway, Robert van Voren, Loren H. Roth; statement of Steny H. Hoyer; LHR's handwritten notes; correspondence; responses, printed materials; draft I Report of the U.S. Delegation and Preliminary Soviet Reply: Brief Analysis of Points of Agreement and Disagreement; Loren H. Roth Final Report of the US Delegation to Assess Recent Changes in Soviet Psychiatry. Objectives and Execution of the Visit. American Psychiatric Association Annual Meeting, New York, NY, May 15 1990; some correspondence and memoranda related to CSCE meetings in Copenhagen (June 1990); and copy of U.S. Report (speech) on CSCE – Moscow (1991-10-02)","Copy of Reddaway's Trip to Moscow, October 29-November 2, 1988; memo re: \"The difficult situation we are in: how should we proceed,\" (1989, 02-19); notes on Soviet Psychiatry Developments (1990-01-20); copy of \"Trip to Moscow, August 20-30, 1992.\"","\"Dissent and Disorder: Human Rights in Soviet Psychiatry,\" (1989-07-); copy of unauthored paper; \"The Legacy of Psychiatric Abuse in the U.S.S.R.,\" (undated); Russian version and translation of \"Proceedings of the session of Working Party formulating the draft law on 'Psychiatric Help in the U.S.S.R.',\" (1991-02-14)","\"Soviet Access to and Utilization of Mental Health Services: A Comparative View,\"  paper presented at the National Conference on Soviet Refugee Health and Mental Health, Chicago, IL (1991-12-11); Isaac Ray Lectures: \"The Future of the Doctor-Patient Relationship. Lesson from Two Cultures, The Former Soviet Union and the United States,\" Discussants: Loren H. Roth, M.D., Dean Eckenrode, George Huber, J.D., Mark Schmidhofer, M.D. (1998-05-07)","\"The New Soviet Legislation on the Provision of Psychiatric Care,\" speech delivered at the symposium of the International Association on the Political Use of Psychiatry, Washington, D.C., (1988-10-14); Koryagin: \"A Green Light of Injustice,\" Zurich, (1988-12-20); notes from Boris Zoubok, M.D.; copy of \"Law of the USSR on the protection of the rights and legal interests of persons suffering from psychiatric disorders and on the grounds and procedures for the administration of psychiatric care,\" (1990-10-08); Roth's Notes on Meeting of USSR Supreme Soviet Committee on Mental Health Law, Moscow (1990-10-26); copy of Smit, Jonna: \"Human Rights and Mental Health Legislation: the USSR,\" (1991-05-21); van Voren, Robert: \"Ukrainian Psychiatry: Starting from Scratch,\" (undated); Regulations on a psychiatric hospital (Положение о психиатрической больнице), [printed Russian document] CCCP, No. 225, 1988; printed materials and news clippings, 1988-2004; Patients in Psychiatric Hospital Requiring Follow-up and Review – interview methodology, list, memoranda","Draft and confidential memorandum of meeting with Minister of the Department of Humanitarian Affairs [Yuri A.] Reshetov. Also interview methodology and memoranda.","Kazan Special Psychiatric Hospital, Vilnius Ordinary Hospital, Kaunas Hospital, Chernyashovsk Special Psychiatric Hospital","Richard J. Bonnie draft; \"Legal and Humanitarian Aspects of Soviet Psychiatry: Some Preliminary Conclusions\" (1989-03-28); also comments on Klein's and Reddaway reports (1989-04 to 1989-05); LHR Confidential Drafts #1-5 (1989-05-19-31); Objectives of the Clinical Interviews (1989-05-22); Dr. Harold M. Visotsky Response to Joel Kline (1989-05-30); Hospital Team Report by Harold Visotsky, Elmore Rigamer, and Loren H. Roth (1989-05-30); remarks from Joe Bloom (1989-06-05); Richard Bonnie: Note to Members of the US Delegation to the Soviet Union (1989-06-16); Bill Farrad; Executive Summary [annotated] (1989-06-20); \"USSR Psychiatrists at a Human Rights Round Table in Moscow in April 1988,\" annotated copy of attachment sent by Joel Kline to Roth (undated); Vladimir A. Levit comments (1989-06-26); Saleem [Shah]: Soviet Compliance and Study Limitations (1989-06-28) and comments (1989-06-26); Peter Reddaway draft (1989-06-28) [2 folders], 1989-03 to 1989-06","Also: State Department \"rough translation\" of Soviet response: \"Response to the medical part of the report by the U.S. delegation of psychiatrists and lawyers,\" (1989-07-06); Draft translation of the final Soviet comments on the report: Commentary on the Report [130008 JS/AO Russian] (1989-09-26); U.S. Department of State Memorandum re Comments on the Soviet response to the Report (1989-10-12); printed Russian document inscribed by Polubinskaya to Loren H. Roth: [Academy of Sciences of the U.S.S.R., Soviet State and Right. Separate Report, Moscow 1990];  translation of S. V. Polubinskaya and S. V. Borodin: \"The Legal Problems of Soviet Psychiatry: The Views of American and Soviet Experts,\" Soviet State Law, No. 5, 1990, pp. 67-76","Resolution of the WPA (1989-10-17); WPA Statement by the All Union Society of Soviet Psychiatrists and Narcologists of the U.S.S.R. before the World Psychiatric Association General Assembly in Athens (1989-10-18); Memorandum re: Site Visit by the WPA Review Committee to the U.S.S.R. (1990-03-13); Reddaway, Peter: The Struggle over Reform in Soviet Psychiatry Intensifies: Is the Establishment Beginning to Panic? (1990-04-30); Remarks by Svetlana Poloubinskaya at the APA's Committee of International Abuse of Psychiatry and Psychiatrists (1990-05-16)","APA correspondence with the Center for Democracy in the U.S.S.R., U.S. Department of State, (Schifter and Mercer); University of London Institute of Psychiatry, 1989-05 to 1989-11. Also, miscellaneous correspondence with literary agents (1989-03 to 1989-04)","Translations of A.  Karpov, Chief Psychiatrist, U.S.S.R. Ministry of Health: \"The Registration of Mental Patients in the U.S.S.R.\" (1990-10-25) and \"Basic Findings of the Conclusion of the U.S.S.R. Constitutional Supervision Committee on Whether Legislation for the Compulsory Treatment and Re-Education of Through Labour of Persons Suffering from Alcoholism or Drug-Addiction Conforms to the U.S.S.R. Constitution and International Enactments on Human Rights,\" by B. M. Lazarev, Deputy Chairman of the USSR Constitutional Supervision Committee (1990-10-25). Also Saleem A. Shah: \"Forensic Interview Schedule\". Correspondence with Otto Dorr Zegers, Csaba Banki, M.P. Deva, Driss Moussaoui, Jim Birley, and Gerard Low-Geer","Correspondence with Dr. Otto Dörr-Zegers (Chile); Dr. Csava Bànki (Hungary); Dr. M. P. Deva (Malaysia); Dr. Driss Moussaoui (Morocco); Dr. Jim Birley (WPA Negotiating Team); Dr. Gerard Low-Greer (England).","Included are: Gostin, Larry: \"Human Rights in Mental Health: Japan. Report of an international mission to Japan: 1987,\"  World Health Organization/Harvard University International Collaborating Center on Health Legislation, World Federation for Mental Health [1987]; Kawasaki, Shigeru: \"Like a Shedding Snake,\" English Summary, J. JAPH 2:2 Spring 1991; news-clippings.","Correspondence with Ellen Mercer re Singapore (1985-09-18); UN Commission on Human Rights E/CN. 4 Sub.2/1988/23: Report on the Sessional Working Group on the question of persons detained on the grounds of mental ill-health or suffering from mental disorder; Proceedings. International Forum on Mental Health Reform, Kyoto, Japan, January 29-30, 1987; Benatar, S. R.: correspondence and articles (1990); Final draft of the \"UN Principles Produced by the Working Group on Human Rights,\" Annex A Principles for the Protection of Persons with Mental Illness and for the Improvement of Mental Health Care","The sub-series consists of materials Loren Roth collected as part of his work on this committee. These include meeting minutes and agendas, correspondence, reports, articles, clippings, memoranda, and other items.","APA lists of cases in the U.S.S.R., Yugoslavia and Romania (1988-07-05); memo for the record re Soviet dissidents","APA minutes of meeting (1988-09-07); Draft Statement Following Discussion with Dr. Sabshin; APA Draft Resolution by the Committee on International Abuse of Psychiatry to not object to the re-admittance of  the All-Union Society of Psychiatrists and Neuropathologists of the USSR into the WPA (1988-09-07); minutes of the APA Committee on Human Rights (1988-09-09); some correspondence, (1988 -09)","Minutes of conference call (1989-02-15); correspondence; IAPUP documents re to Soviet psychiatry (1989-02); copy of Dr. Marvin Brook handwritten comments on the By-Laws of the WPA (undated); Application of the Independent Psychiatric Association of the USSR (IPA) for membership to the WPA, includes Constitution and Declaration (1989-03-09); APA Guidelines for Psychiatric Services in Jails and Prisons; APA draft guidelines on the Right of Refuse (Anti-Psychotic) Medication.","Includes some correspondence and documents: Memorandum re Revision of the WPA Review Committee's Operational Instrument ( 1989-04-270; translation of letter from Nikolai Fedrovich Zhukov to US Congress (1989-03-04); IAPUP Documents on the Political Abuse of Psychiatry in the USSR 18: The Founding of the Association of Independent Psychiatrists in the USSR and the US Delegation of Psychiatrist to the USSR (March 1989); IAPUP Report and brochures, 1989-04","Memorandum re Detention of Cuban psychiatrist Dr. Alfredo Samuel Martínez Lara (1989-04-19); WPA Proposed alterations (1989-04 -25); copy of entrance application of the International Independent Research Centre on Psychiatry to the WPA (1989-03-27), news clippings; Dr. Marat Vartanian original article sent to the International Journal on Mental Health","Included are: Ellen Mercer and Fini Schulsinger interviews with Radio Canada (1989-03); and \"rough\" transcripts of  Radio Free Europe with Viktor Lanovoy, President of the Independent Association of Psychiatrists (1989-06-15); Croatian Committee for Human Rights press release re human rights abuses (1989-06-24); [translation] of M. Buyanov articles in Uchitelskaya Gazeta (1988-11-19); Association Psychiatric Independent (IPA) press release (1989-04-12); Commission of the European Communities: \"Observations on the State of Implementation of Programme of Psychiatrists Reform in Greece,: (1987-12-31); IAPUP Documents Special Issue: \"The Political Abuse of Psychiatry in Rumania (June 1989);  IAPUP Documents on the Political Abuse of Psychiatry Nos. 22, 23, 24, 25 (June-July 1989)","Includes Summary of the WPA Executive Committee in Athens and Resolutions (1989-08-18); excerpts of anonymous document \"Autumm 1988, Gerlovka\" re abuse in the USSR ; printed articles, news clippings","Includes unofficial translation of  Statement by the All-Union Scientific Society of Psychiatrists (1989-10-02); Remarks of Christian Barton Concerning Allegations of Psychiatric Abuse of Dissidents by the Cuban Government (1989-09-13); Sabshin, Melvin: Statement to the Subcommittee on Health and Environment of the US House of Representatives re APA position on Soviet psychiatric practices (undated); Testimony of Victor Davidoff, former victim of abuse in the Soviet Union (undated); Commentary on the Report \"Assessment of Recent Changes in Soviet Psychiatry, prepared by the US Delegation on the Results of its visit to the USSR,\" (1989-09-15); IPA bulletins (1989 -08-07 and 1989-08-31); news clippings","Includes: Liaison Report (1989-10); Gluzman, Semyon: \"Bureaucratic Ethics and Soviet Psychiatry,\" (1989-11) and Commentary on the Memorandum of G. Lukacher (1989-10-14) re All Union Scientific Society of Psychiatrists; translation of A.I. letter \"To the World Congress of the WPA,\" (1989-10-16); translation of letter from Social Organizations in Leningrad To the Participants in the Congress of the WPA (Athens, Greece, October 1989); Schifter, Richard: \"An Inventory of Soviet Human Rights Developments\" (1989-10-04); IAPUP Documents on the Political Abuse of Psychiatry in the USSR No. 29, 30","Some copies of  documents related to the former Yugoslavia; lists of interments and releases in the Soviet Union (1989-12-21); draft translation of [Sotsialisticheskaya Industriya] A Detail report: Psychiatry Without Secrets (1989-10-31); Documents on the Political Abuse of Psychiatry in the Soviet Union 31 (1989-12); WPA Minutes (1989-08-11-13)","Correspondence related to abuses in Cuba; Pena, Jose M. et al: \"Abuse and Misuse of Psychiatry in the U.S.: The Need for an Institutional Ethics,\" (1990-02); list of human rights cases monitored by the APA in Argentina, Bulgaria, Cuba, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Malawi, Morocco, Romania, South Africa, Sudan, Turkey, Uruguay, Yugoslavia, Zaire (1990-02-06); Mercer, Ellen: USSR Trip Report/February 25-March 3, 1990","Includes: Second World Center Annual Report 1989 and APA Statement on Simón Bolívar Award and Lecture (1990-02-15)","Correspondence re Cuban psychiatrists (1990-04); Keston College Support Group: \"Igor Rodionov Report\" (1990-04); Yelena Izyumova Open Letter to the Members of the APA, Moscow May 20, 1990; anonymous essay re : Psychiatric Abuse in the USSR (Helsinki Watch), undated","Also: \"Proposed New Policies for the APA in Regard to the Abuse of Psychiatry for Political and Other Non-Medical Purposes in the USSR,\" (undated)","Includes copy of Human Rights Survey Responses (1988-04-01) and reports of the Council on International Affairs, Committee on Human Rights and Committee on International Education","Includes reports of the Council on International Affairs, Committee on Human Rights and Committee on International Education; memoranda re IAPUP meetings in Germany (1990-09); letter from Dr. Jeffrey Heller to the Committee on Abuse of Psychiatry re Soviet Delegation at H and CP Institute (1990-10-10); Documents on the Political Abuse of Psychiatry in the USSR No. 38 (1990-09)","Includes correspondence from Dr. Valerian Tuculesco re post-traumatic stress disorder after the Romanian revolution (1990-10); correspondence re Oleg Vitalyevich Kozlov re hijacked plane to Helsinki (1990-11); American Ambassadors People to People Trip to the USSR 14-27 August 1990 \"Professional Diary\" compiled by E. B. Brody (1990-09-05);  \"Psychiatric Issues Encountered on Recent Trip to USSR,\" memorandum from Holt Ruffin (World Without War) (1990-10-25); Hartmann, Lawrence M.D.: \"Notes on Some Social Psychiatric Problems in Chile, South Africa and the Soviet Union,\" (1990-10); Documents on the Political Abuse of Psychiatry in the USSR Nos. 39, 40, 41; documents relative to the Joint APA-Caribbean Psychiatric Association Meeting; Ellen Mercer: China Trip Report (1990-11)","Includes reports of the Committee on International Education; Final draft of the UN Principles for the Protection of Persons with Mental Illness and for the Improvement of Mental Health Case (1990-12-11); \"Sugar, Jonathan M.D. et al: \"Psychiatry's Global Challenge: Responsibilities of American Psychiatrists in International Health (undated)","Includes letter from Dr. Dainiys Pūras re abuse of psychiatry in Lithuania (1991-01-19); correspondence re abuse in Romania (1991-02-08); \"Proposal for The Moscow Center for Rehabilitation of Torture Victims (undated)","Includes correspondence and document re abuses in Romania; correspondence between Dr. Roth, Gennadi Milyokhin, Juan José López-Ibor, re Revaz Uturgaury (1991-03); correspondence re Soviet individuals","Includes CIOMS: Development of International, Ethical Guidelines for Epidemiological Research and Practice, Plenary III Issues related to the HIV/AIDS Pandemic. Proposed Guidelines for International Testing of Vaccines and Drugs against HIV Infection and Aids (1990-11); copies of correspondence between and V. Tuculescu re Romania; Reddaway, Peter: Psychiatric Developments in the USSR (1991-06) and \" Problems of Reforming Soviet Psychiatry and Assuring Rights for the Mentally Ill,\" (undated); \"The Heartbeat of Reform. Soviet Jurists and Political Scientists Discuss the Progress of Perestroika, Glasnot, Democracy, Socialism,\" Translated from the Russian by Vic Schneierson, Moscow, [1991]; Documents on the Political Abuse of Psychiatry in the USSR No. 47, 48","Includes reports of the Council on International Affairs, Committee on Human Rights and Committee on International Education. Also includes several documents dated September 1991: Memo for the Record Briefing Meeting for the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences Human Rights Study Group (1991-09-24); USSR Draft Law (17 June 91) on Psychiatric Assistance; Ministry of Health, USSR, All-Union Society of Psychiatrists Governing Board Decision (1991-05-15-16); WPA Memorandum to the All-Union Society of Psychiatrists (1991-07-28); Dr. Stanislaw Golec: \"Health Care in Poland 91\"; \"Instructional Recommendations on the Application of USSR Ministry of Health Order No. 555 (1989-09-19); WPA documents; International Committee of the Red Cross Report on \"Second Working Group of Experts on Battlefield Laser Weapons,\" (1990-11-05-06)","Includes \"copy of a part\" of Japanese Mental Health Law with translation (1988); translation of  \"law on patient's rights\" in Finland (1991-08); WHO Guidelines for the Clinical Investigation of Antidepressant Drugs (1984)","Includes LHR handwritten notes re Abuse Committee (1992-04); \"Cuban Dissidents in Psychiatric Hospitals An Update of the Politics of Psychiatry in Revolutionary Cuba,\"; \"Dimineata, 7th January 1992, The Mad People Were Dissidents,\" re Romania (undated); \"The Plenary Session of the Board of Directors of the All-Union Scientific Society of Psychiatrists (1992-05) and Follow-Up of US Team's 1989 Patients list, Appendices 1 and 2 sent to Dr. Birley with names of patients (1992-02); Information about the Patient Bill of Rights Tally Sheet (1992-04); Geneva Initiative on Psychiatry [GPI]: Documents on the Abolition and Prevention of Political Abuse of Psychiatry (1992-03 and 1992-04)","Includes reports of the Council on International Affairs, Committee on Human Rights and Committee on International Education. Also: Country Reports on Human Rights Practices: Yugoslavia (1992-06-01); GPI: Documents on the Abolition and Prevention of Political Abuse of Psychiatry, April – June 1992; Mercer, Ellen: Exploring Hungarian Psychiatry (1992-05)","Includes reports of the Council on International Affairs, Committee on Human Rights. Also: International Association for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Allied Professions Proclamation of May 1992: Assuring the Mental Health of Children; APA Bilateral Exchange with Poland Czechoslovakia and Hungary. Summary of Responses and Recommendations of American Participants (1992-03-24 to 1992-04-12); copy of Act of the Russian Federation \"On Psychiatric Care and Citizens' Rights With Regard to Such Care,\" (1992-01); Polubinskaya, Svetlana: \"From the USSR to the Independent States: Where the Former Soviet Psychiatry Will Go,\" (1992-05); GIP Documents on the Abolition and Prevention of Political Abuse of Psychiatry 56, June 1992","Includes reports of the Council on International Affairs, Committee on Human Rights. Also correspondence re psychiatric abuse in the former GDR, with the Romanian Psychiatric Association and the Committee to End the Chinese Gulag. \"Psychiatry Under Tyranny. An Assessment of the Political Abuse of Romanian Psychiatry During the Ceaucescu Years,\" Report of a consultative mission to Bucharest on behalf of the Geneva Initiative on Psychiatry (1992-06); GIP Documents on the Abolition and Prevention of Political Abuse of Psychiatry 57, July – August 1992","The sub-series consists of materials Loren Roth collected as part of his work with this committee. These include meeting minutes and agendas, correspondence, reports, articles, clippings, memoranda, and other items.","Included: \"Human Rights of Mental Patients in Japan,\" (1987 -04); Reich, Walter Report of Meeting with Gennadiy M. Yevstafiev (Soviet, member of the delegation to the Vienna Review Meeting) (1987-07-28); copy of letter from Senator Edward M. Kennedy to Lawrence Hartmann, M.D. re human rights violations in Paraguay (1988-04-22); World Medical Association, INC. memorandum: \"The Facts regarding health services in South Africa during 1987, and the role played by the Medical Association of South Africa,\" (1987-07- 08); Reddaway, Peter: Does Moscow's Purge of Corrupt Psychiatrists Threaten the Psychiatric Gulag?\" (1987-07-13); \"More Revelations about Stefanis' Negotiations with the Soviets (1987-09-11); Center for Victims of Torture pilot project (1987-08-28 and 1987-10); South Africa Briefing (1987-08-07); Minutes of Committee on Abuse of Psychiatry (1987-09-09 and 1987-12-02); \"Victims of Torture in Afghanistan. Presentation for Cairo World Congress\" by Mohammad Azam Dadfar (1987-10-18-22); Gralnick, Alexander M.D.: \"Public Health and Psychiatric Care in Cuba, Personal Report\" (November 1987);Political Imprisonment in Cuba. A Special Report from Amnesty International, The Cuban American Nation Foundation, 1987;  US/Soviet Human Rights Seminar: Statement by Ellen Mercer for the APA (1987-12-03). Also Bloche, Maxwell Gregg: \"Uruguay's Military Physicians: Cogs in a System of State Terror,\" (1987-03)","Miscellaneous documents: minutes, memoranda, correspondence. Included: [Argentina] Tribunal Etico de la Salud contra la Impunidad translation of statement: Medical Ethics Tribunal Against Impunity,\" (1988-01-11); Minutes of the APA Committee on Abuse of Psychiatry (1988-01-20, 1988-04-21; 1988-05-10); some documents related to South Africa, Pakistan, Argentina; Human Rights Survey Responses (1988-03-09); Amnesty International: \"China. Detention Without Trial, Ill-Treatment of Detainees and Police Shooting of Civilians in Tibet,\" (1988-02); Bitsch Christensen, Svend: \"Torture Related Documentation,\" (1987); International Commission of Jurists' Mission to Japan Preliminary Report and Recommendations (1988-04); \"The Casualties of Conflict: Medical Care and Human Rights in the West Bank and Gaza Strip,\" Report of a Medical Fact Finding Mission by Physicians for Human Rights, (1988-03); Amnesty International Commission Medicale: Medicine at Risks. The Doctor as Abuser or Victim,\" (1987-09)","Miscellaneous documents: minutes, memoranda, correspondence related to Soviet psychiatry; human rights abuses in Honduras, Czechoslovakia, Somalia, South Africa, Israel, Haiti, Cuba, Egypt, China, BahrainGudava, Eduard M.D.: \"The events in Tbilisi, Georgia  (1989-04-18); Vesti, Peter and Inge Kemp: \"Chapter I: Treatment of Torture Survivors – theoretical views,\" \"Chapter 2: Rehabilitation of Torture Survivors, \" (1989-10); Collazo, Carlos R. M.D. and Martha Gerpe M.D.: \"Missing Parents,\" Paper presented at The World Psychiatric Association, Athens, October 1989","File includes: RCT [Rehabilitation and Research Centre for Torture Victims] 7th Annual Report (1990-01); APA Position Statement on Apartheid and Academic Boycotting of South Africa (1990-01); Human Rights Cases Monitored by the APA (1990-02-01); signed Petition by doctors to recommend the APA to condemn the government of Turkey (1990-08); LHR handwritten notes of September meeting;  APA Council on International Affairs Joint Reference Committee (1990-10-12); Boyajian, Levon Z. M.D.: The Psychological Sequelae of the Armenian Genocide (1982); Leros Trip. Report on Visit to the Mental Institution on the Island of Leros, Greece (1989-12-3-5); \"'Bloody Sunday Trauma in Tbilisi. The Eents of April 9, 1989 and their Aftermath,\" Report of a Medical Mission to Soviet Georgia by Physicians for Human Rights, February 1990; printed materials.","Files include documents re Armenian Genocide and from the Free Romanian Foundation; \"Program for Administrators and Educators Specializing in Programs for People With Disabilities,\" with the Persian Gulf (1991-04); Martínez Lara, Samuel: \"Psychiatry in Cuba: Perspectives of a Human Rights Activist\" (1991-09-27);  ); National Academy of Sciences: \"Considerations Regarding Individual Scientific Visits to the People's Republic of China,\" (October 1991); also some documents about torture","Files include documents re torture in Egypt (1992-01); Dadfar, A. Azam M.D.: \"The Deep Scars of a Forgotten War, \" Psychiatry Centre for the Afghans; correspondence with Levon Z. Boyajian M.D. (1992-02); Croatian Medical Journal: \"Medical Testimony of the Vukovar Tragedy\"; memorandum re \"Abuse and Misuse of Psychiatry in the United States\" (1992-02); Committee to End the Chinese Gulag: \"On behalf of Political Prisoners in China: How to Raise Human Rights Cases,\" (1992-04); memoranda and correspondence re abuse of Palestinian physician (1992-05); APA Position Statement on Homosexuality and Civil Rights (1992-07); Americas Watch, Vol.4, Issue 7: \"Dangerous Dialogue, Attacks on Freedom of Expression in Miami's Cuban Exile Community,\" (1992-08);  Amnesty International French Section, Medical Group: \"Corporal Punishment. A study on legislation and enforcement in 18 countries,\" (1992); \"Stop Torture in Korea (STIK)\" (1998-08); APA Council on International Affairs: \"International Inpatients Bill of Rights,\" (1992-08); APA Communications Plan 1992-1994; APA: \"Human Rights and the American Psychiatric Association,\" (1992); memorandum and correspondence re abuse of psychiatry and psychiatrists in México (1992-100; US Department of State: \"Renewing the U.S. Commitment to Human Rights,\" Special Report No. 164;  printed materials","World Health Organization Assignment Report re \"mentally infirm in Romania and possibilities for improvement,\" (1991-11); Rosenberg, David R. M.D. et al: \"A Cross-Cultural Study of \"Ceausescu's Orphans,\" (1992-03); Blom, G. et al: \"Program Touch – A Volunteer Intervention Program to Orphaned Disabled Children in Romania,\" (1991-11); Roth's reappointment as APA Chairperson of the Committee on Human Rights under the Council of International Affairs, (1992-04-13); draft of A.P.A. Action Paper Rescinding the 1982 APA Position on the Insanity Defense (1992-05-01); Pierce, Chester M. M.D.: \"Public Health and Human Rights: Racism, Torture and Terrorism,\" presented at American Psychiatric Association Annual Meeting (1992-05-04)","Files include translation of Croatian pamphlet: \"Protect Yourself and Help Others (1993-02); APA Office of International Affairs: Responses to Human Rights Questionnaire,\" (1993-08-18); Citizens Support Committee for the Psychiatric Farm Hospital Dr. Manuel Ramírez Moreno (1993-7-13)","correspondence and handwritten notes","evaluation forms and printed materials","Meetings between Ukrainian doctors Semyon F. Gluzman, Vladimir I. Poltavets, Valery N. Kutznetsov, Ada I. Korotenko, Oleg A, Nasinnik, Vladimir M. Cherniavsky and Juan Mezzich, American psychiatrist from the West Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh; also some case summaries (1994-02). Russian and English translation.","extensive correspondence, reports, handwritten notes. Savychyj, Jurij M.D.: \"Psychiatry in Ukraine,\" [1992]","correspondence, Ukrainian fliers, and handwritten notes","extensive correspondence, reports, data analysis, forms, handwritten notes (1995-05), \"Codebook\"","correspondence, clinical assessment forms, and handwritten notes","Geneva Initiative on Psychiatry. Annual Reports 1992 and 1995; Documents on the Abolition and Prevention of Political Abuse of Psychiatry Nos. 65-67, 72, 74; \"Concepts for Developing Mental Health Care in Ukraine (First Draft),\" Developed by Experts of Ministry for Health Care, Kiev Research Institute of General and Forensic Psychiatry, Regional Chief Experts and Kiev Psychiatrists.","correspondence and forms","email correspondence, brochures, printed photographs","Joseph D. Bloom, Kyrill Borissow, William T. Carpenter, Robert W. Farrand, Robert M.A. Hirschfield, William H. Hopkins, Samuel Keith, Felix Kleyman, Andrei A. Kovalev, Ellen Mercer, John Monahan, Darrel A. Regier, Elmore F. Rigamer Jr, Carolyn Smith, Leon Stern","Includes: United States – Russia Health Committee 2000 – 2002, printed copies of photographs; The U.S.A. – Russia Health Committee: \"Access to Quality Health Care\" (draft), undated; \"Additional Materials on Diagnosing and Treating Mild and Moderate Depressions,\" [document in Russian with English title]","Gershman, Carl: Psychiatric Abuse in the Soviet Union,\" Society, July/August 1984; Lapenna, Ivo: \"The Medico-Legal Society. Use and Misuse of Psychiatry in the USSR,\" The Royal Society of Medicine, London 12th June 1986; McCready, John and Harold Merskey: \"Compliance by physicians with the 1978 Ontario Mental Health Act,\" Reprint from the Canadian Medical Association Journal, Vol. 124, March 15, 1981; McCready, John and Harold Merskey: \"On the Recoding of Mental Illness for Civil Commitment,\" Can. J. Psychiatry Vol. 27, March 1982; Slovenko, Ralph: Analysis. The Destiny of South Africa,\" The World and I, July 1991.","In 2021, members of the 1989 American delegation, some Soviet patients, Soviet doctors and other professionals, were invited to participate in the \"Retrospective Review of the 1989 U.S. State Department Psychiatric Mission to the USSR\" oral history project. Nineteen interviews were recorded, sixteen of them with the surviving members of the U.S. delegation, one with Andrei Kovalev, an official at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in the U.S.S.R. at the time, and two with former \"Soviet patients.\" There is also an original 1989 recording of one interview.","These interviews provide a comprehensive overview of the history of Soviet psychiatric abuse, the reasons why psychiatric diagnosis was used to suppress dissent, the methods, medical and legal procedures, and who were the major players in Soviet psychiatric abuse. Emphasis is also made on assessing the U.S.-Soviet relationship in the 1980s and the special place that the 1989 State Department psychiatric mission to the U.S.S.R. held in the détente. All stages of negotiations and preparations for the mission were discussed as well as the methodology of psychiatric evaluations and the findings of the American experts. An additional emphasis was also made on assessing the state of Soviet psychiatric care as of the late 1980s and all the significant changes it was going through at the time. The role of World Psychiatric Association (WPA), the All-Union Society of Psychiatrists and Narcologists, the American Psychiatric Association and other important organizations, is also given proper attention. The interviewees also discuss the long-term impact that the 1989 U.S. mission made on Soviet and post-Soviet psychiatry.","In the interview Dr. Bloom discusses his career, his interest in the topic of abuse of psychiatry and his involvement in the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric delegation to the U.S.S.R. He talks about the U.S. and Soviet (both Soviet professionals and Soviet interviewees) understanding of the purpose of the visit and  the Soviet's compliance with the terms negotiated for the visit. He also talks about psychiatric hospitalization, detention and commitment process in the U.S.S.R., conditions of hospitalization in Soviet psychiatric hospitals and the legal rights of persons with mental disorders in the U.S.S.R.  Dr. Bloom's explains his impressions from the trip to the Soviet Union and the conclusions made by the American delegation. ","The highlights of the interview pertain to Dr. Bloom's recollection of a Soviet person who allegedly had a mental disorder, and his opinion as to the way the American final report should have been approached.","Olena Protsenko, a Post-doctoral Research Associate in Psychiatry and Law at the University of Virginia School of Law, conducted this interview remotely over the Zoom application.","Mr. Borissow shares his life story and describes his career. He talks about getting involved in the 1989 State Department trip to the Soviet Union, his previous trips to the U.S.S.R., and the  social and political context that surrounded the visit and made it possible in the first place. Mr. Borissow describes his experience of interpreting in one of the psychiatric hospitals in Moscow as a part of the 1989 American mission as well as the work that Mr. Borissow's sub-team #3 did in Leningrad. He shares very interesting anecdotes that happened during the trip and talks about the lessons he learned during this trip.","Olena Protsenko, a Post-doctoral Research Associate in Psychiatry and Law at the University of Virginia School of Law, conducted this interview remotely over the Zoom application.","In the interview Dr. Carpenter discusses his career, his involvement in the 1989 US State Department psychiatric delegation to the USSR, the main goals of the mission, various aspects of the implementation in great detail, the diagnostic aspects of the study, interview instruments and methodology, the Soviet mental health care system and its shortcomings, the conclusions made by Dr. Carpenter's sub-team, the impact the American visit made to the interviewed individuals an mental health in the region. ","Dr. Carpenter also discusses the United States - Great Britain cross-national study of schizophrenia conducted in the 1960s and 70s and its pertinency to the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the U.S.S.R. He also talks about the broad diagnostic criteria for sluggish schizophrenia and how much contributed to the missuse of psychiatry in the Soviet Union.","Olena Protsenko, a Post-doctoral Research Associate in Psychiatry and Law at the University of Virginia School of Law, conducted this interview remotely over the Zoom application.","Ambassador Farrand talks about his long successful career in the U.S. State Department, the importance of the Soviet psychiatric abuse to the U.S. government and the larger context of the U.S. - U.S.S.R. relationships. As a person who worked closely with Ambassador Richard Schifter for many years, Mr. Farrand describes Schifter's goals and vision of the 1989 psychiatric mission to the U.S.S.R. ","Mr. Farrand describes the process of negotiating the terms of the visit and shares insights about interacting with a superpower as the Soviet Union was at that time. He also talks about the the peculiarities of governance in the U.S.S.R., and power dynamics inside the country. Mr. Farrand describes the efforts to preserve transparency and independence of the mission as well as managing its financial aspects and its highlighting in media. Mr. Farrand also talks about glasnost, perestroika, and the collapse of the Soviet Union.","Olena Protsenko, a Post-doctoral Research Associate in Psychiatry and Law at the University of Virginia School of Law, conducted this interview remotely over the Zoom application.","Dr. Hirschfeld shares memories about his education and career, the way he got involved in the 1989 State Department psychiatric mission to the U.S.S.R., the methodological approach to the patient interviews, the range of findings of his sub-team # 3 in Leningrad, and his general impressions of the Soviet Union as of 1989.","Olena Protsenko, a Post-doctoral Research Associate in Psychiatry and Law at the University of Virginia School of Law, conducted this interview remotely over the Zoom application.","Mr. Hopkins talks at length about the way he became immersed in the Russian studies, his education, and career. He well remembers the settings and arrangements of interviewing the Soviet citizens who allegedly had mental disorders, his expectations and apprehensions about the upcoming 1989 mission, the types of questions asked of the Soviet interviewees, and the peculiarities of his task as an interpreter during this unique venture. He also mentions the debrief that the entire American team had in Washington, D.C. after the visit was over.","Olena Protsenko, a Post-doctoral Research Associate in Psychiatry and Law at the University of Virginia School of Law, conducted this interview remotely over the Zoom application.","Mr. I. talks about his early life, family, education, how his dissident views formed and evolved with time. He shares about his repeated contacts with psychiatric system; he also describes his social and political activity and the repercussions he faced as a result. Mr. I. then tells about his criminal case, his forensic psychiatric evaluation, diagnosis, \"symptoms\", finding of non-imputability, the legal procedure used to involuntarily commit him to the Dnepropetrovsk special psychiatric hospital, and the inhumane conditions there. \nMr. I. then describes his transfer to Nikolayev ordinary psychiatric hospital and release; he talks about his dissident activity that brought him back to the same hospital. He also describes his contacts with Ukrainian dissident movement at the end of 1980s and how he got on the list of people to be assessed by the U.S. team. The details of his participation in 1989 U.S. State Department mission are discussed next. Mr. I. then shares about the long-term impact this mission made on his life, his subsequent legal rehabilitation, being taken off the psychiatric register, the removal of his psychiatric diagnosis, his life and activism after 1989. Mr. I. describes some of his most interesting campaigns. The interview ends with a brief discussion of the Russian invasion of Ukraine and how it affected Mr. I.'s life. ","Olena Protsenko, a Post-doctoral Research Associate in Psychiatry and Law at the University of Virginia School of Law, conducted this interview remotely over the Zoom application.","Dr. Keith talks about the role and expertise of NIMH that was crucial to the success of the 1989 U.S. psychiatric mission to the U.S.S.R. He recapitulates the main points and stumbling blocks of the negotiations with the Soviets in November 1988, various organizational aspects of the mission, as well as the interview instruments and methodology used by the American team. Dr. Keith shares his opinion about the concept of sluggish schizophrenia, its diagnostic criteria, and other factors that made it possible to abuse psychiatry in the Soviet Union. He also emphasizes Soviet life, society, and governance as of 1989. Dr. Keith discusses the Soviets' admission of \"hyperdiagnoses\" and the validity of the excuse of \"hyperdiagnoses\" from the professional point of view. He also expresses his opinion about the tone of the final report and the general context that the American team had to keep in mind when drafting it. Dr. Keith describes Schizophrenia Bulletin and his role as its editor-in-chief. He also talks about the 1990 Soviet Reciprocal Visit to the U.S.","Olena Protsenko, a Post-doctoral Research Associate in Psychiatry and Law at the University of Virginia School of Law, conducted this interview remotely over the Zoom application.","Dr. Kleyman is a great source of knowledge about the ins and outs of the Soviet mental health care system as the person who had about 10 years of professional experience on the ground. He talked about the uniqueness of his role during the American psychiatric mission to the U.S.S.R. that resulted from him being a native Russian speaker and being well familiar with life in the Soviet Union. Dr. Kleyman discusses the social and political context that surrounded the 1989 U.S. State Department visit and made it possible in the first place; the doctor patient relationship in the U.S.S.R.; Soviet diagnostic approaches and the role of Soviet psychiatrists during the American visit. Dr. Kleyman recalls his unique trip to Moscow Psychiatric Hospital # 5 to briefly speak with the patient who was claimed by the Soviets to have refused examination. He also talks about his experience as a member of the 1991 W.P.A. mission to the U.S.S.R.","Olena Protsenko, a Post-doctoral Research Associate in Psychiatry and Law at the University of Virginia School of Law, conducted this interview remotely over the Zoom application.","Mr. Kovalev tells about the role of various domestic and international actors in the process of democratization of the U.S.S.R. in the late 1980s and bringing human rights into the Soviet Union. He also assesses the political factors of the early 1980s that allowed Gorbachev come to power and retain it. Mr. Kovalev shares his insights about the Soviet foreign policy of the second half of 1980s-early 1990s and the U.S. - U.S.S.R. relationships. He shares his knowledge about the history of abuse of psychiatry and the reasons for resorting to it; the Soviet psychiatric register and the consequences of being on a register; the sealed instruction on involuntary commitment that existed but was not available to the public. Mr. Kovalev talks about the chain of decision making in ensuring that the American visit will actually happen and the key events on that road. He also comments on the internal tensions between the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Ministry of Health (M.O.H.) as well as the resistance put up by the M.O.H. in organizing the American visit. He also shares his views about the \"system dissidents\" in the U.S.S.R.","Olena Protsenko, a Post-doctoral Research Associate in Psychiatry and Law at the University of Virginia School of Law, conducted this interview remotely over the Zoom application.","Ms. Mercer talks about her career at the APA and the role that the APA played in advocating for the rights of the persons committed to psychiatric hospitals for non-medical reasons in the USSR. She then discusses the historical context for the 1989 State Department psychiatric delegation to the Soviet Union, including the 1977 Declaration of Hawaii and the All-Union Society's walking out of the WPA in 1983 in the face of an almost certain expulsion. Being a part of the November 1988 negotiation team to the Soviet Union, Ms. Mercer shares her thoughts about the negotiation process and the Soviet's compliance with the terms agreed upon. Ms. Mercer describes the field visit to Soviet psychiatric hospitals and then talks about the Soviet's readmission to the WPA, the role the 1989 U.S. State Department played in this process, the APA's and Ms. Mercer's personal stance with regard to the readmission. Ms. Mercer concludes by discussing the difference the American visit made in the big picture.","Olena Protsenko, a Post-doctoral Research Associate in Psychiatry and Law at the University of Virginia School of Law, conducted this interview remotely over the Zoom application.","Dr. Monahan talks about his professional training and the highlights of his career, his memories from the 1989 American visit to the Soviet Union, including the goals of the visit,  its organizational aspects, and its media coverage. Dr. Monahan then focuses on the forensic evaluation methods and results, the rights of psychiatric patients in the Soviet Union, conditions of their hospitalization, treatment, and hospital staffing. Dr. Monahan concludes by describing his general impressions of Moscow and Leningrad and the conclusions the American team made as a result of the visit. ","Olena Protsenko, a Post-doctoral Research Associate in Psychiatry and Law at the University of Virginia School of Law, conducted this interview remotely over the Zoom application.","Mr. Reddaway talks about his education and career and the way he became interested and immersed in the issue of abuse of psychiatry in the U.S.S.R. He discusses the impact that his and Sidney Bloch's 1977 and 1983 books made in the Soviet Union. He also shares his knowledge about the evolution of punitive psychiatry with each new Soviet leader. Mr. Reddaway talks about Mr. Gorbachev's personality, the political factors in the early 1980s that allowed for such a leader to emerge and retain power; the reasons for perestroika;  the peculiarities of perestroika in psychiatry versus other spheres. Mr. Reddaway gives a comprehensive overview of various internal processes in the Soviet Union at the end of 1980s that were important prerequisites for the 1989 U.S. psychiatric mission. He discusses at length the role of the WPA in the battle against the abuse of psychiatry in the Soviet Union. Mr. Reddaway also gives a detailed overview of the field inspections to Soviet psychiatric hospitals that he did as a member of the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric mission to the U.S.S.R.","Olena Protsenko, a Post-doctoral Research Associate in Psychiatry and Law at the University of Virginia School of Law, conducted this interview remotely over the Zoom application.","The interview with Dr. Regier is of critical importance for the comprehensive retrospective evaluation of the long-term impact of the 1989 State Department investigative mission to the U.S.S.R. Dr. Regier not only played a key role in the preparation and implementation of the mission, but also successfully continued to help develop the quality and accessibility of mental health services in Russia after the U.S.S.R. collapse. Dr. Regier also continued to tackle the issue of psychiatric abuse in China.  \nIn his interview, Dr. Regier gives a historical overview of the development of diagnostic criteria that was subsequently used during the U.S. State Department investigative mission to the U.S.S.R. relating to psychiatric abuse. This interview provides a great description of the methodology used during the interviews. Dr. Regier also describes the NIMH goals, unique role and contribution to the 1989 mission and shares his insights about the factors that made it possible to weaponize psychiatry against dissidents in the Soviet Union. Dr. Regier also tells about his role in the work of Gore-Chernomyrdin Commission in the area on mental health care in Russia post the Soviet Union breakup.","Olena Protsenko, a Post-doctoral Research Associate in Psychiatry and Law at the University of Virginia School of Law, conducted this interview remotely over the Zoom application.","Dr. Roth describes his training and the highlights of his career; he then tells how he became interested in the issue of abuse of psychiatry in the U.S.S.R. His two human rights trips to the U.S.S.R. in 1985 and 1986 are discussed next. Dr. Roth then gives an overview of the general political background to the visit and tensions between him and Ambassador Schifter about some critical aspect of the visit. Dr. Roth then describes in detail the negotiation process between the U.S. and Soviet side, the main stumbling blocks, how he managed to overcome them, and who were his allies. Dr. Roth describes the Soviet uncooperativeness and tensions between the Ministry of Health and Ministry of Foreign Affairs. He then talks about informed consents, interview procedures, and the visit dynamics. He shares some anecdotes and most memorable events; he also talks about the people who meaningfully contributed to making the mission successful.","Olena Protsenko, a Post-doctoral Research Associate in Psychiatry and Law at the University of Virginia School of Law, conducted this interview remotely over the Zoom application.","Mr. S. describes his early years, how his dissident views formed, his first arrest under Article 70 of the Criminal Code, his expert psychiatric evaluation at the Serbsky Institute, and the judicial procedure that followed. He describes his subsequent commitment in an 'ordinary' psychiatric hospital and shares insights about the internal regulations, regime, and the release procedure. He also talks about his next arrest and the legal aspects of it. Mr. S. shares his views about whether Soviet psychiatrists seriously believed that 'failure to adapt to the society' was a sign of mental illness and whether they can be blamed for presumably following the orders from above.  Mr. S. proceedes to describe his transfer to a special psychiatric hospital, the mass release of political prisoners in 1987, the reasons for such a drastic change of the political course in the Soviet Union, and gives an overview of the U.S. – U.S.S.R. relationship in the second half of the twentieth century. He then talks about how the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric mission to the U.S.S.R. fit into the broader human rights negotiations in the CSCE. Mr. S. tells how he taken off the psychiatric register\nand legally rehabilitated; he talks about the destiny of the Criminal Code 'political' articles 70 and 190-1 and current political articles in Russian Criminal Code used to suppress dissent.\nMr. S. shares about his life and political activity after 1989, his subsequent arrests, and his assessment of the evolution of civil and political freedom in Russia after 1989.\nHe then talks about the future of Russia, his own future as a dissident in Russia, and his views about the Russian war in Ukraine.","Olena Protsenko, a Post-doctoral Research Associate in Psychiatry and Law at the University of Virginia School of Law, conducted this interview remotely over the Zoom application.","In addition to the oral history given in 2022, this file contains a recording of an interview that Mr. S gave on March 2, 1989.","Ms. Smith shares her memories about interpreting for both 1989 U.S. State Department delegation and the 1991 WPA delegation to the Soviet Union. She explains how this experience compares to the other interesting projects she has been involved in throughout her career. She describes her most prominent memories about this job as well as the Soviet Union as of 1989. ","Olena Protsenko, a Post-doctoral Research Associate in Psychiatry and Law at the University of Virginia School of Law, conducted this interview remotely over the Zoom application.","Dr. Stern describes his career and his pathway from the Soviet Union to the U.S. He shares his insights about some aspects of Soviet history, the issue of psychiatric abuse, its roots and reasons the Soviet government resorted to psychiatry to oppress dissent. Dr. Stern talks about the major differences between special psychiatrist hospitals vs. ordinary psychiatrist hospitals and gives some excellent illustrations of \"symptoms\" that the Soviet school of psychiatry considered signs of mental disorder. Dr. Stern shares his opinion as to the reasons why Soviet psychiatrists engaged in unethical practices. Dr. Stern describes the field trip in great detail, including some anecdotes and specific instances. He concludes by identifying the most important changes needed in Soviet psychiatry at the time and assesses the overall success of the American mission to the Soviet Union. ","Olena Protsenko, a Post-doctoral Research Associate in Psychiatry and Law at the University of Virginia School of Law, conducted this interview remotely over the Zoom application.","This file includes correspondence with Richard Schifter and Robert van Voren.","The Arthur J. Morris Law Library does not grant researchers permission to publish copies of any of the materials in this collection.","Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","Roth, Loren H.","Bloom, Joseph D.","Borissow, Kyrill","Carpenter, William T.","Farrand, Robert William, 1934-","Hirschfeld, Robert M. A.","Hopkins, William H. (William Hugh), 1942-","Keith, Samuel J.","Kleyman, Felix, Dr.","Kovalev, A. A. (Andreĭ Anatolʹevich)","Mercer, Ellen Robertson","Monahan, John (John Thomas), 1946-","Reddaway, Peter (1939)","Regier, Darrel A.","Smith, Carolyn","Stern, Leon","English Russian"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS.2021.01","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/1347"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Loren Roth papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Loren Roth papers"],"collection_ssim":["Loren Roth papers"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_ssm":["Roth, Loren H.","Bloom, Joseph D.","Borissow, Kyrill","Carpenter, William T.","Farrand, Robert William, 1934-","Hirschfeld, Robert M. A.","Hopkins, William H. (William Hugh), 1942-","Keith, Samuel J.","Kleyman, Felix, Dr.","Kovalev, A. A. (Andreĭ Anatolʹevich)","Mercer, Ellen Robertson","Monahan, John (John Thomas), 1946-","Reddaway, Peter (1939)","Regier, Darrel A.","Smith, Carolyn","Stern, Leon"],"creator_ssim":["Roth, Loren H.","Bloom, Joseph D.","Borissow, Kyrill","Carpenter, William T.","Farrand, Robert William, 1934-","Hirschfeld, Robert M. A.","Hopkins, William H. (William Hugh), 1942-","Keith, Samuel J.","Kleyman, Felix, Dr.","Kovalev, A. A. (Andreĭ Anatolʹevich)","Mercer, Ellen Robertson","Monahan, John (John Thomas), 1946-","Reddaway, Peter (1939)","Regier, Darrel A.","Smith, Carolyn","Stern, Leon"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Roth, Loren H.","Bloom, Joseph D.","Borissow, Kyrill","Carpenter, William T.","Farrand, Robert William, 1934-","Hirschfeld, Robert M. A.","Hopkins, William H. (William Hugh), 1942-","Keith, Samuel J.","Kleyman, Felix, Dr.","Kovalev, A. A. (Andreĭ Anatolʹevich)","Mercer, Ellen Robertson","Monahan, John (John Thomas), 1946-","Reddaway, Peter (1939)","Regier, Darrel A.","Smith, Carolyn","Stern, Leon"],"creators_ssim":["Roth, Loren H.","Bloom, Joseph D.","Borissow, Kyrill","Carpenter, William T.","Farrand, Robert William, 1934-","Hirschfeld, Robert M. A.","Hopkins, William H. (William Hugh), 1942-","Keith, Samuel J.","Kleyman, Felix, Dr.","Kovalev, A. A. (Andreĭ Anatolʹevich)","Mercer, Ellen Robertson","Monahan, John (John Thomas), 1946-","Reddaway, Peter (1939)","Regier, Darrel A.","Smith, Carolyn","Stern, Leon"],"access_terms_ssm":["The Arthur J. Morris Law Library does not grant researchers permission to publish copies of any of the materials in this collection."],"acqinfo_ssim":["In March 2023, Dr. Loren Henry Roth donated all of the materials in this collection to the University of Virginia Law Library."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Psychiatry -- Soviet Union","Political prisoners -- Soviet Union","Dissenters -- Soviet Union"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Psychiatry -- Soviet Union","Political prisoners -- Soviet Union","Dissenters -- Soviet Union"],"has_online_content_ssim":["true"],"extent_ssm":["12.75 Cubic Feet 25 boxes","138.5775 Gigabytes"],"extent_tesim":["12.75 Cubic Feet 25 boxes","138.5775 Gigabytes"],"date_range_isim":[1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018,2019,2020,2021,2022],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers may only access and view the materials in this collection onsite and in-person at the University of Virginia Law Library in Charlottesville, Virginia. The following additional restrictions apply to any materials that contain the names of the interviewees of the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the Soviet Union and/or 1991 ad hoc mission to the Soviet Union by the World Psychiatric Association:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1. To obtain access to these records, interested researchers must sign a form to agree not to use, document, or disclose names of the patients or their families, or other identifying information about these persons and to abide by all the provisions specified in the present document. The form is available on site from the responsible official of the UVA Law Library. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e2. These materials may not be copied, photographed, or otherwise reproduced digitally. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e3. Before accessing the requested materials, interested researchers must agree to abide by reasonable administrative, technical, and physical safeguards, as approved by the UVA Law Library, to prevent unauthorized use or disclosure of the information. These procedures shall be followed by all persons associated with the applicant's research project.  \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e4. Records in this category are also subject to the following safeguards: (i) Any information that would permit the identification of an individual (names, biographical data, etc.) may not be used, documented, or made public by the researcher, nor will any attempt to contact them be made. However, this does not preclude the researcher from contacting a person in advance of gaining access, for the purpose of obtaining access.  (ii) If a researcher obtains written authorization for access from an interviewee or from his/her legal guardian, the records may be made available to that researcher. (iii) Interviewees themselves may have free access to their own health information if contained in this collection. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e5. If the University of Virginia Law Library discovers that a researcher has violated the confidentiality of information or the conditions of access, the Law Library shall take steps to revoke the research privileges of the researcher and shall consult with University of Virginia legal counsel to prevent further disclosure of the health information.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFinally, different access restrictions may apply to some of the items in  this collection. Whenever possible, archivists have made a note of these restrictions in other parts of the finding aid.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere are access restrictions on some of the materials in this series. When a file or item is restricted, an additional note explaining the conditions of access is attached to the file or item description.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe items in these folders contain sensitive information about the health or treatment of the persons interviewed by the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the Soviet Union. The restrictions on access to these materials are outlined in the Conditions Governing Access note at the collection level of this finding aid.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis file contains sensitive information about the health or treatment of the persons interviewed by the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the Soviet Union. The restrictions on access to these materials are outlined in the Conditions Governing Access note at the collection level of this finding aid.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis file contain sensitive information about the health or treatment of the persons interviewed by the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the Soviet Union. The restrictions on access to these materials are outlined in the Conditions Governing Access note at the collection level of this finding aid.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis file contain sensitive information about the health or treatment of the persons interviewed by the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the Soviet Union. The restrictions on access to these materials are outlined in the Conditions Governing Access note at the collection level of this finding aid.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis file contain sensitive information about the health or treatment of the persons interviewed by the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the Soviet Union. The restrictions on access to these materials are outlined in the Conditions Governing Access note at the collection level of this finding aid.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis file contain sensitive information about the health or treatment of the persons interviewed by the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the Soviet Union. The restrictions on access to these materials are outlined in the Conditions Governing Access note at the collection level of this finding aid.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis file contain sensitive information about the health or treatment of the persons interviewed by the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the Soviet Union. The restrictions on access to these materials are outlined in the Conditions Governing Access note at the collection level of this finding aid.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis file contains sensitive information about the health or treatment of the persons interviewed by the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the Soviet Union. The restrictions on access to these materials are outlined in the Conditions Governing Access note at the collection level of this finding aid.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis file contains sensitive information about the health or treatment of the persons interviewed by the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the Soviet Union. The restrictions on access to these materials are outlined in the Conditions Governing Access note at the collection level of this finding aid.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis file contains sensitive information about the health or treatment of the persons interviewed by the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the Soviet Union. The restrictions on access to these materials are outlined in the Conditions Governing Access note at the collection level of this finding aid.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis file contains sensitive information about the health or treatment of the persons interviewed by the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the Soviet Union. The restrictions on access to these materials are outlined in the Conditions Governing Access note at the collection level of this finding aid.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis file contains sensitive information about the health or treatment of the persons interviewed by the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the Soviet Union. The restrictions on access to these materials are outlined in the Conditions Governing Access note at the collection level of this finding aid.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis file contains sensitive information about the health or treatment of the persons interviewed by the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the Soviet Union. The restrictions on access to these materials are outlined in the Conditions Governing Access note at the collection level of this finding aid.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis file contains sensitive information about the health or treatment of the persons interviewed by the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the Soviet Union. The restrictions on access to these materials are outlined in the Conditions Governing Access note at the collection level of this finding aid.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis file contains sensitive information about the health or treatment of the persons interviewed by the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the Soviet Union. The restrictions on access to these materials are outlined in the Conditions Governing Access note at the collection level of this finding aid.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis file contains sensitive information about the health or treatment of the persons interviewed by the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the Soviet Union. The restrictions on access to these materials are outlined in the Conditions Governing Access note at the collection level of this finding aid.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis file contains sensitive information about the health or treatment of the persons interviewed by the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the Soviet Union. The restrictions on access to these materials are outlined in the Conditions Governing Access note at the collection level of this finding aid.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis file contains sensitive information about the health or treatment of the persons interviewed by the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the Soviet Union. The restrictions on access to these materials are outlined in the Conditions Governing Access note at the collection level of this finding aid.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis file contains sensitive information about the health or treatment of the persons interviewed by the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the Soviet Union. The restrictions on access to these materials are outlined in the Conditions Governing Access note at the collection level of this finding aid.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis file contains sensitive information about the health or treatment of the persons interviewed by the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the Soviet Union. The restrictions on access to these materials are outlined in the Conditions Governing Access note at the collection level of this finding aid.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis file contains sensitive information about the health or treatment of the persons interviewed by the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the Soviet Union. The restrictions on access to these materials are outlined in the Conditions Governing Access note at the collection level of this finding aid.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis file contain sensitive information about the health or treatment of the persons interviewed by the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the Soviet Union. The restrictions on access to these materials are outlined in the Conditions Governing Access note at the collection level of this finding aid.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis file contain sensitive information about the health or treatment of the persons interviewed in the U.S.S.R. The restrictions on access to these materials are outlined in the Conditions Governing Access note at the collection level of this finding aid.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis file contain sensitive information about the health or treatment of the persons interviewed in the U.S.S.R. The restrictions on access to these materials are outlined in the Conditions Governing Access note at the collection level of this finding aid.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis file contain sensitive information about the health or treatment of the persons interviewed in the U.S.S.R. The restrictions on access to these materials are outlined in the Conditions Governing Access note at the collection level of this finding aid.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis file contain sensitive information about the health or treatment of the persons interviewed in the U.S.S.R. The restrictions on access to these materials are outlined in the Conditions Governing Access note at the collection level of this finding aid.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe interviews with the former Soviet patients and the original 1989 recording are restricted and special permissions apply.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDr. Joseph D. Bloom did not request any additional restrictions on access to this interview beyond those that the University of Virginia has made for all the oral histories from the Soviet Psychiatry Oral History Project (2021-2022).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eKyrill Borissow did not request any additional restrictions on access to this interview beyond those that the University of Virginia has made for all the oral histories from the Soviet Psychiatry Oral History Project (2021-2022).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDr. William Carpenter did not request any additional restrictions on access to this interview beyond those that the University of Virginia has made for all the oral histories from the Soviet Psychiatry Oral History Project (2021-2022).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRobert William Farrand did not request any additional restrictions on access to this interview beyond those that the University of Virginia has made for all the oral histories from the Soviet Psychiatry Oral History Project (2021-2022).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDr. Robert Hirschfeld did not request any additional restrictions on access to this interview beyond those that the University of Virginia has made for all the oral histories from the Soviet Psychiatry Oral History Project (2021-2022).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWilliam Hopkins did not request any additional restrictions on access to this interview beyond those that the University of Virginia has made for all the oral histories from the Soviet Psychiatry Oral History Project (2021-2022).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMr. I. did not request any additional restrictions on access to this interview beyond those that the University of Virginia has made for all the oral histories from the Soviet Psychiatry Oral History Project (2021-2022). However, due to the sensitive nature of the topics covered in the interview, the University of Virginia restricts access according to the guidelines for more sensitive materials outlined in the Conditions Governing Access note at the collection level of this finding aid.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDr. Samuel Keith did not request any additional restrictions on access to this interview beyond those that the University of Virginia has made for all the oral histories from the Soviet Psychiatry Oral History Project (2021-2022).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDr. Felix Kleyman did not request any additional restrictions on access to this interview beyond those that the University of Virginia has made for all the oral histories from the Soviet Psychiatry Oral History Project (2021-2022).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAndrey Kovalev did not request any additional restrictions on access to this interview beyond those that the University of Virginia has made for all the oral histories from the Soviet Psychiatry Oral History Project (2021-2022).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEllen Mercer did not request any additional restrictions on access to this interview beyond those that the University of Virginia has made for all the oral histories from the Soviet Psychiatry Oral History Project (2021-2022).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDr. John T. Monahan did not request any additional restrictions on access to this interview beyond those that the University of Virginia has made for all the oral histories from the Soviet Psychiatry Oral History Project (2021-2022).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePeter Reddaway did not request any additional restrictions on access to this interview beyond those that the University of Virginia has made for all the oral histories from the Soviet Psychiatry Oral History Project (2021-2022).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDr. Darrel Regier did not request any additional restrictions on access to this interview beyond those that the University of Virginia has made for all the oral histories from the Soviet Psychiatry Oral History Project (2021-2022).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn addition to the restrictions on access that applies to all the oral histories from the Soviet Psychiatry Oral History Project (2021-2022),  Dr. Loren Roth requested that The University of Virginia only make his interview available to researchers on-site at the repository preserving the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMr. S. did not request any additional restrictions on access to this interview beyond those that the University of Virginia has made for all the oral histories from the Soviet Psychiatry Oral History Project (2021-2022). However, due to the sensitive nature of the topics covered in the interview, the University of Virginia restricts access to both recordings according to the guidelines for more sensitive materials outlined in the Conditions Governing Access note at the collection level of this finding aid.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCarolyn Smith did not request any additional restrictions on access to this interview beyond those that the University of Virginia has made for all the oral histories from the Soviet Psychiatry Oral History Project (2021-2022).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn addition to the restrictions on access that applies to all the oral histories from the Soviet Psychiatry Oral History Project (2021-2022),  Dr. Leon Stern requested that The University of Virginia only make his interview available to researchers on-site at the repository preserving the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis file contain sensitive information about the health or treatment of persons from the Soviet Union. The restrictions on access to these materials are outlined in the Conditions Governing Access note at the collection level of this finding aid.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis file contain sensitive information about the health or treatment of persons from the Soviet Union. The restrictions on access to these materials are outlined in the Conditions Governing Access note at the collection level of this finding aid.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Researchers may only access and view the materials in this collection onsite and in-person at the University of Virginia Law Library in Charlottesville, Virginia. The following additional restrictions apply to any materials that contain the names of the interviewees of the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the Soviet Union and/or 1991 ad hoc mission to the Soviet Union by the World Psychiatric Association:","1. To obtain access to these records, interested researchers must sign a form to agree not to use, document, or disclose names of the patients or their families, or other identifying information about these persons and to abide by all the provisions specified in the present document. The form is available on site from the responsible official of the UVA Law Library. ","2. These materials may not be copied, photographed, or otherwise reproduced digitally. ","3. Before accessing the requested materials, interested researchers must agree to abide by reasonable administrative, technical, and physical safeguards, as approved by the UVA Law Library, to prevent unauthorized use or disclosure of the information. These procedures shall be followed by all persons associated with the applicant's research project.  ","4. Records in this category are also subject to the following safeguards: (i) Any information that would permit the identification of an individual (names, biographical data, etc.) may not be used, documented, or made public by the researcher, nor will any attempt to contact them be made. However, this does not preclude the researcher from contacting a person in advance of gaining access, for the purpose of obtaining access.  (ii) If a researcher obtains written authorization for access from an interviewee or from his/her legal guardian, the records may be made available to that researcher. (iii) Interviewees themselves may have free access to their own health information if contained in this collection. ","5. If the University of Virginia Law Library discovers that a researcher has violated the confidentiality of information or the conditions of access, the Law Library shall take steps to revoke the research privileges of the researcher and shall consult with University of Virginia legal counsel to prevent further disclosure of the health information.","Finally, different access restrictions may apply to some of the items in  this collection. Whenever possible, archivists have made a note of these restrictions in other parts of the finding aid.","There are access restrictions on some of the materials in this series. When a file or item is restricted, an additional note explaining the conditions of access is attached to the file or item description.","The items in these folders contain sensitive information about the health or treatment of the persons interviewed by the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the Soviet Union. The restrictions on access to these materials are outlined in the Conditions Governing Access note at the collection level of this finding aid.","This file contains sensitive information about the health or treatment of the persons interviewed by the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the Soviet Union. The restrictions on access to these materials are outlined in the Conditions Governing Access note at the collection level of this finding aid.","This file contain sensitive information about the health or treatment of the persons interviewed by the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the Soviet Union. The restrictions on access to these materials are outlined in the Conditions Governing Access note at the collection level of this finding aid.","This file contain sensitive information about the health or treatment of the persons interviewed by the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the Soviet Union. The restrictions on access to these materials are outlined in the Conditions Governing Access note at the collection level of this finding aid.","This file contain sensitive information about the health or treatment of the persons interviewed by the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the Soviet Union. The restrictions on access to these materials are outlined in the Conditions Governing Access note at the collection level of this finding aid.","This file contain sensitive information about the health or treatment of the persons interviewed by the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the Soviet Union. The restrictions on access to these materials are outlined in the Conditions Governing Access note at the collection level of this finding aid.","This file contain sensitive information about the health or treatment of the persons interviewed by the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the Soviet Union. The restrictions on access to these materials are outlined in the Conditions Governing Access note at the collection level of this finding aid.","This file contains sensitive information about the health or treatment of the persons interviewed by the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the Soviet Union. The restrictions on access to these materials are outlined in the Conditions Governing Access note at the collection level of this finding aid.","This file contains sensitive information about the health or treatment of the persons interviewed by the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the Soviet Union. The restrictions on access to these materials are outlined in the Conditions Governing Access note at the collection level of this finding aid.","This file contains sensitive information about the health or treatment of the persons interviewed by the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the Soviet Union. The restrictions on access to these materials are outlined in the Conditions Governing Access note at the collection level of this finding aid.","This file contains sensitive information about the health or treatment of the persons interviewed by the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the Soviet Union. The restrictions on access to these materials are outlined in the Conditions Governing Access note at the collection level of this finding aid.","This file contains sensitive information about the health or treatment of the persons interviewed by the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the Soviet Union. The restrictions on access to these materials are outlined in the Conditions Governing Access note at the collection level of this finding aid.","This file contains sensitive information about the health or treatment of the persons interviewed by the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the Soviet Union. The restrictions on access to these materials are outlined in the Conditions Governing Access note at the collection level of this finding aid.","This file contains sensitive information about the health or treatment of the persons interviewed by the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the Soviet Union. The restrictions on access to these materials are outlined in the Conditions Governing Access note at the collection level of this finding aid.","This file contains sensitive information about the health or treatment of the persons interviewed by the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the Soviet Union. The restrictions on access to these materials are outlined in the Conditions Governing Access note at the collection level of this finding aid.","This file contains sensitive information about the health or treatment of the persons interviewed by the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the Soviet Union. The restrictions on access to these materials are outlined in the Conditions Governing Access note at the collection level of this finding aid.","This file contains sensitive information about the health or treatment of the persons interviewed by the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the Soviet Union. The restrictions on access to these materials are outlined in the Conditions Governing Access note at the collection level of this finding aid.","This file contains sensitive information about the health or treatment of the persons interviewed by the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the Soviet Union. The restrictions on access to these materials are outlined in the Conditions Governing Access note at the collection level of this finding aid.","This file contains sensitive information about the health or treatment of the persons interviewed by the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the Soviet Union. The restrictions on access to these materials are outlined in the Conditions Governing Access note at the collection level of this finding aid.","This file contains sensitive information about the health or treatment of the persons interviewed by the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the Soviet Union. The restrictions on access to these materials are outlined in the Conditions Governing Access note at the collection level of this finding aid.","This file contains sensitive information about the health or treatment of the persons interviewed by the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the Soviet Union. The restrictions on access to these materials are outlined in the Conditions Governing Access note at the collection level of this finding aid.","This file contain sensitive information about the health or treatment of the persons interviewed by the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the Soviet Union. The restrictions on access to these materials are outlined in the Conditions Governing Access note at the collection level of this finding aid.","This file contain sensitive information about the health or treatment of the persons interviewed in the U.S.S.R. The restrictions on access to these materials are outlined in the Conditions Governing Access note at the collection level of this finding aid.","This file contain sensitive information about the health or treatment of the persons interviewed in the U.S.S.R. The restrictions on access to these materials are outlined in the Conditions Governing Access note at the collection level of this finding aid.","This file contain sensitive information about the health or treatment of the persons interviewed in the U.S.S.R. The restrictions on access to these materials are outlined in the Conditions Governing Access note at the collection level of this finding aid.","This file contain sensitive information about the health or treatment of the persons interviewed in the U.S.S.R. The restrictions on access to these materials are outlined in the Conditions Governing Access note at the collection level of this finding aid.","The interviews with the former Soviet patients and the original 1989 recording are restricted and special permissions apply.","Dr. Joseph D. Bloom did not request any additional restrictions on access to this interview beyond those that the University of Virginia has made for all the oral histories from the Soviet Psychiatry Oral History Project (2021-2022).","Kyrill Borissow did not request any additional restrictions on access to this interview beyond those that the University of Virginia has made for all the oral histories from the Soviet Psychiatry Oral History Project (2021-2022).","Dr. William Carpenter did not request any additional restrictions on access to this interview beyond those that the University of Virginia has made for all the oral histories from the Soviet Psychiatry Oral History Project (2021-2022).","Robert William Farrand did not request any additional restrictions on access to this interview beyond those that the University of Virginia has made for all the oral histories from the Soviet Psychiatry Oral History Project (2021-2022).","Dr. Robert Hirschfeld did not request any additional restrictions on access to this interview beyond those that the University of Virginia has made for all the oral histories from the Soviet Psychiatry Oral History Project (2021-2022).","William Hopkins did not request any additional restrictions on access to this interview beyond those that the University of Virginia has made for all the oral histories from the Soviet Psychiatry Oral History Project (2021-2022).","Mr. I. did not request any additional restrictions on access to this interview beyond those that the University of Virginia has made for all the oral histories from the Soviet Psychiatry Oral History Project (2021-2022). However, due to the sensitive nature of the topics covered in the interview, the University of Virginia restricts access according to the guidelines for more sensitive materials outlined in the Conditions Governing Access note at the collection level of this finding aid.","Dr. Samuel Keith did not request any additional restrictions on access to this interview beyond those that the University of Virginia has made for all the oral histories from the Soviet Psychiatry Oral History Project (2021-2022).","Dr. Felix Kleyman did not request any additional restrictions on access to this interview beyond those that the University of Virginia has made for all the oral histories from the Soviet Psychiatry Oral History Project (2021-2022).","Andrey Kovalev did not request any additional restrictions on access to this interview beyond those that the University of Virginia has made for all the oral histories from the Soviet Psychiatry Oral History Project (2021-2022).","Ellen Mercer did not request any additional restrictions on access to this interview beyond those that the University of Virginia has made for all the oral histories from the Soviet Psychiatry Oral History Project (2021-2022).","Dr. John T. Monahan did not request any additional restrictions on access to this interview beyond those that the University of Virginia has made for all the oral histories from the Soviet Psychiatry Oral History Project (2021-2022).","Peter Reddaway did not request any additional restrictions on access to this interview beyond those that the University of Virginia has made for all the oral histories from the Soviet Psychiatry Oral History Project (2021-2022).","Dr. Darrel Regier did not request any additional restrictions on access to this interview beyond those that the University of Virginia has made for all the oral histories from the Soviet Psychiatry Oral History Project (2021-2022).","In addition to the restrictions on access that applies to all the oral histories from the Soviet Psychiatry Oral History Project (2021-2022),  Dr. Loren Roth requested that The University of Virginia only make his interview available to researchers on-site at the repository preserving the interview.","Mr. S. did not request any additional restrictions on access to this interview beyond those that the University of Virginia has made for all the oral histories from the Soviet Psychiatry Oral History Project (2021-2022). However, due to the sensitive nature of the topics covered in the interview, the University of Virginia restricts access to both recordings according to the guidelines for more sensitive materials outlined in the Conditions Governing Access note at the collection level of this finding aid.","Carolyn Smith did not request any additional restrictions on access to this interview beyond those that the University of Virginia has made for all the oral histories from the Soviet Psychiatry Oral History Project (2021-2022).","In addition to the restrictions on access that applies to all the oral histories from the Soviet Psychiatry Oral History Project (2021-2022),  Dr. Leon Stern requested that The University of Virginia only make his interview available to researchers on-site at the repository preserving the interview.","This file contain sensitive information about the health or treatment of persons from the Soviet Union. The restrictions on access to these materials are outlined in the Conditions Governing Access note at the collection level of this finding aid.","This file contain sensitive information about the health or treatment of persons from the Soviet Union. The restrictions on access to these materials are outlined in the Conditions Governing Access note at the collection level of this finding aid."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe files in this series are arranged by subject into 14 sub-series.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe files in this sub-series are arranged in chronological order.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe files in this sub-series are arranged in chronological order.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement","Arrangement","Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The files in this series are arranged by subject into 14 sub-series.","The files in this sub-series are arranged in chronological order.","The files in this sub-series are arranged in chronological order."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWhile it is understood that the misuse of psychiatry for non-medical reasons allegedly started in the U.S.S.R. after the October Revolution of 1917, its widespread and systematic use as a tool to silence political dissent became well-documented during Khrushchev's era. In a 1959 speech attributed to Khrushchev, he allegedly attempted to justify putting dissidents in psychiatric hospitals by saying that only a mentally ill person may be opposed to Communism (1). While there also were \"political\" parts of the R.S.F.S.R. Criminal Code that criminalized anti-Soviet agitation and slander of the Soviet state, psychiatry was often used to isolate dissidents, punish them with psychiatric drugs, discredit their ideas, and avoid criminal law procedures.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe \"Sluggish schizophrenia\" concept developed by academician Snezhnevsky had overly broad diagnostic criteria that allowed the diagnosis of schizophrenia in patients who showed no symptoms, on the assumption that these symptoms would appear later (2). In almost every case, dissidents were examined at the Serbsky Central Research Institute for Forensic Psychiatry.\nInformation about Soviet repressive psychiatry became well-known in the West after 1971 dissident Vladimir Bukovsky smuggled over 150 pages documenting the political abuse of psychiatric institutions in the Soviet Union into the West. The papers were studied by independent psychiatrists in several countries and released to the press (3). \"Bukovsky's papers\" galvanized human rights activists worldwide and those within the Soviet Union.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWhile the attempt to bring the matter to the official agenda of the World Psychiatric Association (W.P.A.) at their 1971 World Congress in Mexico was unsuccessful, it kept gaining more and more outcry worldwide. So, in 1977, the W.P.A. adopted the Hawaii Declaration – a milestone defining principles of good and ethical medical practice. The All-Union Society of Psychiatrists and Narcologists, the official Soviet professional organization, was bound to withdraw from the W.P.A. at its next Congress in 1983—the allegations of the political abuse of psychiatry inflicted irretrievable damage on the prestige of Soviet medicine.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1975, the Soviet Union, the United States, and other countries signed the Helsinki Accords - the key document of the Conference of Security and Cooperation in Europe (C.S.C.E.). The Accords signaled a détente between the East and the West and built the foundation for the end of the Cold War, the U.S.-Soviet disarmament talks, and the \"third basket\" on human rights and freedoms in the Soviet Union.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMikhail Gorbachev, who became the head of the Soviet Communist Party in 1985, prioritized the improvement of U.S.-Soviet relations. Also, Gorbachev launched the domestic \"perestroika\" (restructuring) and \"glasnost\" (openness) initiatives. These combined foreign and domestic policy developments fostered interest, internally and externally, in the plight of Soviet political prisoners. The Soviet Union released many political prisoners from labor camps, and in April 1987, Secretary Schultz and Soviet Minister of Foreign Affairs Shevardnadze agreed on a human rights dialog (4). As part of this broader dialog, in September 1987, the Soviet representatives began to try to assure their American counterparts that the abuse of psychiatry had ended (5).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNotes:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1. Khrushchev had said this in a speech published in the state newspaper Pravda on 24 May 1959: A crime is a deviation from generally recognized standards of behaviour frequently caused by mental disorder. Can there be diseases, nervous disorders among certain people in a Communist society? Evidently yes. If that is so, then there will also be offences, which are characteristic of people with abnormal minds. Of those who might start calling for opposition to Communism on this basis, we can say that clearly their mental state is not normal.\nKnapp, Martin, et al. Mental Health Policy and Practice Across Europe: The Future Direction of Mental Health Care, McGraw-Hill Education, 2006. ProQuest Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/uva/detail.action?docID=316293.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e2. Sfera, Adonis. Can psychiatry be misused again?. Frontiers in Psychiatry. 9 September 2013;(4):101. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2013.00101. PMID 24058348.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e3. For more information, see Reddaway, Peter (12 March 1971). \"Plea to West on Soviet 'mad-house' jails\". The Times. p. 8.; Bloch, Sidney; Reddaway, Peter (1984). Soviet Psychiatric Abuse. The Shadow Over World Psychiatry. London: Gollancz.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e4. Schifter-Adamishin book, timeline, page xix\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e5. Id, pages xix and xx\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring the late 1980s, U.S.-Soviet discussions about the abuse of psychiatry led to the formation of a special U.S. delegation to the Soviet Union. In February 1989, the U.S.S.R. allowed the delegation to independently assess 27 Soviet citizens believed to have been psychiatrically committed for non-medical reasons. The U.S.S.R. also allowed the delegation to inspect ordinary psychiatric hospitals and other hospitals known as \"psychoprisons.\" The U.S. delegation's psychiatric leader was Dr. Loren Roth of the University of Pittsburgh. The U.S. State Department organized the trip, closely cooperating with the American Psychiatric Association and the National Institute of Mental Health. Their Soviet counterparts were the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The Soviet Ministry of Health and the conservative leadership of Soviet psychiatry, both believed to have been deeply involved in abuse, internally opposed the visit. However, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs overcame this opposition, and their support was critical to the U.S. delegation's success.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe U.S. delegation consisted of leading experts in psychiatry, forensic psychiatry, forensic psychology, law, and Sovietology. Also, it included a representative of the American Psychological Association (A.P.A.), and émigré Soviet psychiatrists living in the United States.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFrom April 1988 onward, Dr. Loren Roth engaged in extensive negotiations with his Soviet counterparts on the details of the visit. They discussed the list of people (\"patients\") to be assessed by the delegation and the processes for obtaining their consent. There were difficult negotiations over the presence of Soviet psychiatrists during the examinations, and the need to protect the interviewees from potential intimidation and retaliation.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe U.S. delegation advocated for and adopted critical precautions to ensure the transparency of the mission and its findings. They used scientifically developed structural psychiatric interview schedules, brought U.S. interpreters to assist the delegation, avoided sharing the cost of the trip with the Soviet side, collected urine samples to rule out overmedication, videotaped the interviews, and spoke with friends/relatives of those interviewed.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAlthough there was a significant risk that the Soviet Union would cancel the delegation's visit, it occurred between February and March, 1989. The American team evaluated 27 Soviet citizens and inspected special psychiatric hospitals in Kazan and Chernyakhovsk as well as ordinary psychiatric hospitals in Vilnius and Kaunas.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAmong those interviewed by the U.S. team were people still hospitalized, and those who had been previously discharged. The American team was greatly assisted by Mr. Aleksandr \"Sasha\" Podrabinek, the Soviet and, subsequently, Russian dissident. He was an expert on the issue of abuse of psychiatry and author of the 1979 book \"Punitive Medicine\" (see references). Mr. Podrabinek facilitated access to those who had been previously released and claimed to be unavailable by Soviet counterparts.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe U.S. team detailed their conclusions in their final report, \"Assessment of Recent Changes in Soviet Psychiatry\" (available in this collection), which researchers are encouraged to read. The Soviet Union responded officially with its own report.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe 1989 visit laid a foundation for subsequent collaboration between the two countries in the area of mental health. The U.S.-Russia Health Committee met from 1994 to 2000 as a part of a larger Gore-Chernomyrdin Commission. It focused, in particular, on mental health care during disasters and the primary care physician's role in caring for patients with depression.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eShortly after the American mission was over, the W.P.A. congress in Athens decided to provisionally readmit the Soviet All-Union Society after receiving an official, although somewhat vague, admission of the past wrongdoings (covered in detail in On Dissidents and Madness by Robert van Voren). In 1991, the W.P.A. undertook an ad hoc psychiatric inspection of the Soviet Union that Dr. Jim Birley headed. Dr. Loren Roth and other experts who served on the 1989 U.S. State Department mission joined this inspection.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1990, a delegation of Soviet psychiatrists and politicians visited the United States for an educational trip to American psychiatric services and scholarly dialogues.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nResearchers are encouraged to read the resources listed below to gain a better understanding of the historical events surrounding the 1989 delegation:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e- the Schizophrenia Bulletin (supplement to Vol 15, # 4, 1989), which contains the brief overview of the reasons, methodology, and findings of the American team in the U.S., the final report of the U.S. delegation both in English and Russian, as well as the Soviet response in both languages (Hyperlink1)\n- The New York Times article \"Accord Is Sought by U.S. And Soviet on Mental Wards\" of May 22, 1988\n- The Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, Volume 49, Number 4, 2021 \"Jonas Rappeport: A Direct, Accomplished AAPL Leader\" by Dr. Loren Roth\n- Report by the World Psychiatric Association Team on the Visit to the Soviet Union, 9-29 June 1991, headed by Dr. Jim Burley\n- Human Rights, Perestroika, and the End of the Cold War co-authored by Anatoly Adamishin and Richard Schifter in 2009\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 2021, three decades after the 1989 trip to assess the conditions of Soviet citizens confined in psychiatric hospitals for political reasons, an oral history project was initiated to document it. Loren H. Roth, Ellen Mercer, and Richard Bonnie, three members of the delegation, had always wanted to evaluate if the mission had had any lasting impact on the lives of the people interviewed and on the quality and ethical integrity of psychiatric care in the countries of the former Soviet Union. The oral history project began in conjunction with the donation of Loren Roth's papers to the University of Virginia School of Law Library. Olena Protsenko, a Ukrainian human rights lawyer, organized Roth's papers and began researching related collections. Richard Bonnie's papers and Saleem Shah's files on the abuse of psychiatry, also part of the University of Virginia Law Library manuscript collections, were essential to the project's development.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDr. Joseph D. Bloom was one of the few forensic psychiatrists on the 1989 U.S. Department of State Delegation to the Soviet Union to investigate the abuse of psychiatry. Bloom is Dean Emeritus of the Oregon Health and Science University and Clinical Professor at the Department of Psychiatry of the University of Arizona Fenix College of Medicine.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMr. Borissow is an American of a Russian descend. He was a contract interpreter for the U.S. State Department for many years. During the 1989 trip, he was on the sub-team # 3 under the leadership of Dr. Hirschfeld, interpreting in Leningrad.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDr. William Carpenter was leader of team #2 of the 1989 American investigative scientific mission to the Soviet Union. He is Professor of Medicine at the University of Maryland School of Medicine and former Director of the Maryland Psychiatric Research Center.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRobert William Farrand retired in 1998 after 34 years in the U.S. Foreign Service. He served as Ambassador to Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, and Vanuatu from 1990 until 1993. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1988-89 he led the U.S. delegation of medical and forensic professionals to investigate the Soviet Union's political weaponizing of psychiatry, for which he received a Superior Honor Award.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFarrand was concurrently Supervisor of the Bosnian city of Brčko and Deputy High Representative for the northern sector of Bosnia and Herzegovina (1997 to 2000).  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDr. Robert Hirschfeld is Professor of Psychiatry at Weill Cornell Medical College. He was the team leader of team # 3 during the 1989 psychiatric delegation to the U.S.S.R.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMr. William Hopkins is a retired U.S. State Department staff interpreter. During the 1989 U.S. psychiatric mission to the USSR, he interpreted for team # 2 under the leadership of Dr. William Carpenter.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMr. I. is a Soviet/Ukrainian dissident who was repeatedly involuntarily committed to a psychiatric hospital for political reasons. He was one of the people interviewed by the U.S. State Department investigative psychiatric mission to the U.S.S.R. in 1989.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDr. Keith is the Emeritus Milton Rosenbaum Professor of Psychiatry and Psychology at the University of New Mexico School of Medicine. He was a Deputy Director and Associate Director for Schizophrenia Programs at the NIMH as of 1989. He was the team leader of team # 1 during the 1989 psychiatric delegation to the U.S.S.R.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDr. Felix Kleyman is a psychiatrist practicing in New York City. At the time of the 1989 U.S. State Department mission to the Soviet Union to investigate abuse of psychiatry, Dr. Kleyman was an assistant clinical professor of psychiatry at New York Medical College. Dr. Kleyman was one of the few Russian-speaking, U.S.S.R. and U.S.-trained psychiatrists on the American team. Dr. Kleyman was also a member of the 1991 W.P.A.  mission to the Soviet Union once the All-Union Society of Psychiatrists and Narcologists was provisionally readmitted to the W.P.A.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAs of 1989, Mr. Kovalev was a Senior Advisor of the Department for International Humanitarian and Cultural Relations at the Soviet Ministry of Foreign Affairs. He was charged with bringing Soviet legislation and practice in line with the international obligations of the U.S.S.R. Mr. Kovalev was responsible for the development and implementation of the psychiatric reform, including the organization of the visit of the American psychiatric delegation in 1989.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAt the time of the 1989 U.S. psychiatric mission to the U.S.S.R. Ms. Mercer was the Director of the A.P.A. Office of International Affairs. She is believed to be one of the initiators of the visit and was deeply involved in its planning and preparation as the representative of the American Psychiatric Association (A.P.A.). During the visit itself, she was a member of the team inspecting psychiatric hospitals on the ground.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJohn T. Monahan is the John S. Shannon Distinguished Professor of Law, Professor of Psychology, Hunton Andrews Kurth Professor of Law at the University of Virginia School of Law. He was the only forensic psychologist on the 1989 U.S. State Department investigative psychiatric mission to the Soviet Union.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMr. Reddaway is a renowned expert on Russian and Soviet politics, author of many books and publications. He is Professor Emeritus of Political Science and International Affairs at George Washington University.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDr. Darrel Regier was the Scientific Director of the 1989 State Department investigative mission to the U.S.S.R. and coordinated all aspects of the clinical assessment procedure. Dr. Regier completed twenty-five years at the National Institute of Mental Health (N.I.M.H.), during which time he directed three research divisions in the areas of epidemiology, prevention, clinical research, and health services research. Dr. Regier is currently a Senior Scientist at the Center for the Study of Traumatic Stress, in the Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine and Department of Psychiatry, Uniformed Services University. He also serves as an independent senior scientific consultant to the American Psychiatric Association (A.P.A.) on DSM-5 and research related issues.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDr. Roth was the psychiatric leader of the 1989 U.S. State Department investigative psychiatric mission to the U.S.S.R. Following 44 years of distinguished service to the Department of Psychiatry and the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Loren H. Roth, M.D., M.P.H., was recognized and awarded Emeritus status at a special reception following the Department's Annual Research Day held June 7, 2018. \nPrior to his being an Emeritus Professor, for the previous five years Dr. Roth was the Associate Senior Vice Chancellor, Clinic Policy and Planning, Health Sciences, University of Pittsburgh; Distinguished Service Professor of Psychiatry, Professor of Health Policy and Management, and Clinical and Translational Science; and Senior Advisor, Quality, UPMC Health Plan.  In addition to his many academic positions, Dr. Roth has held multiple leadership roles at UPMC culminating in his being the first Chief Medical Officer of the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (U.P.M.C.) (2003-2007).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMr. S. is a Soviet/Russian dissident who was repeatedly involuntarily committed to a psychiatric hospital for political reasons. He was one of the people interviewed by the U.S. State Department investigative psychiatric mission to the U.S.S.R. in 1989.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFluent in English and Russian, Ms. Smith was a contract interpreter for the U.S. State Department for many years. She interpreted for both the 1989 American delegation and the 1991 WPA delegation to the Soviet Union. During the 1989 trip, she was on the sub-team # 1 under the leadership of Dr. Samuel J. Keith, M.D. interpreting in Moscow.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDr. Leon Stern is a Russian-speaking psychiatrist who was a member of the field team that inspected four psychiatric hospitals across the Soviet Union. Dr. Stern is a psychiatrist in private practice.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["History of the Abuse of Psychiatry and Psychiatrists in the U.S.S.R.","History of the 1989 U.S. State Department Investigative Mission to the U.S.S.R.","History of the 2021-2022 Oral History Project","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["While it is understood that the misuse of psychiatry for non-medical reasons allegedly started in the U.S.S.R. after the October Revolution of 1917, its widespread and systematic use as a tool to silence political dissent became well-documented during Khrushchev's era. In a 1959 speech attributed to Khrushchev, he allegedly attempted to justify putting dissidents in psychiatric hospitals by saying that only a mentally ill person may be opposed to Communism (1). While there also were \"political\" parts of the R.S.F.S.R. Criminal Code that criminalized anti-Soviet agitation and slander of the Soviet state, psychiatry was often used to isolate dissidents, punish them with psychiatric drugs, discredit their ideas, and avoid criminal law procedures.","The \"Sluggish schizophrenia\" concept developed by academician Snezhnevsky had overly broad diagnostic criteria that allowed the diagnosis of schizophrenia in patients who showed no symptoms, on the assumption that these symptoms would appear later (2). In almost every case, dissidents were examined at the Serbsky Central Research Institute for Forensic Psychiatry.\nInformation about Soviet repressive psychiatry became well-known in the West after 1971 dissident Vladimir Bukovsky smuggled over 150 pages documenting the political abuse of psychiatric institutions in the Soviet Union into the West. The papers were studied by independent psychiatrists in several countries and released to the press (3). \"Bukovsky's papers\" galvanized human rights activists worldwide and those within the Soviet Union.","While the attempt to bring the matter to the official agenda of the World Psychiatric Association (W.P.A.) at their 1971 World Congress in Mexico was unsuccessful, it kept gaining more and more outcry worldwide. So, in 1977, the W.P.A. adopted the Hawaii Declaration – a milestone defining principles of good and ethical medical practice. The All-Union Society of Psychiatrists and Narcologists, the official Soviet professional organization, was bound to withdraw from the W.P.A. at its next Congress in 1983—the allegations of the political abuse of psychiatry inflicted irretrievable damage on the prestige of Soviet medicine.","In 1975, the Soviet Union, the United States, and other countries signed the Helsinki Accords - the key document of the Conference of Security and Cooperation in Europe (C.S.C.E.). The Accords signaled a détente between the East and the West and built the foundation for the end of the Cold War, the U.S.-Soviet disarmament talks, and the \"third basket\" on human rights and freedoms in the Soviet Union.","Mikhail Gorbachev, who became the head of the Soviet Communist Party in 1985, prioritized the improvement of U.S.-Soviet relations. Also, Gorbachev launched the domestic \"perestroika\" (restructuring) and \"glasnost\" (openness) initiatives. These combined foreign and domestic policy developments fostered interest, internally and externally, in the plight of Soviet political prisoners. The Soviet Union released many political prisoners from labor camps, and in April 1987, Secretary Schultz and Soviet Minister of Foreign Affairs Shevardnadze agreed on a human rights dialog (4). As part of this broader dialog, in September 1987, the Soviet representatives began to try to assure their American counterparts that the abuse of psychiatry had ended (5).","Notes:","1. Khrushchev had said this in a speech published in the state newspaper Pravda on 24 May 1959: A crime is a deviation from generally recognized standards of behaviour frequently caused by mental disorder. Can there be diseases, nervous disorders among certain people in a Communist society? Evidently yes. If that is so, then there will also be offences, which are characteristic of people with abnormal minds. Of those who might start calling for opposition to Communism on this basis, we can say that clearly their mental state is not normal.\nKnapp, Martin, et al. Mental Health Policy and Practice Across Europe: The Future Direction of Mental Health Care, McGraw-Hill Education, 2006. ProQuest Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/uva/detail.action?docID=316293.","2. Sfera, Adonis. Can psychiatry be misused again?. Frontiers in Psychiatry. 9 September 2013;(4):101. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2013.00101. PMID 24058348.","3. For more information, see Reddaway, Peter (12 March 1971). \"Plea to West on Soviet 'mad-house' jails\". The Times. p. 8.; Bloch, Sidney; Reddaway, Peter (1984). Soviet Psychiatric Abuse. The Shadow Over World Psychiatry. London: Gollancz.","4. Schifter-Adamishin book, timeline, page xix","5. Id, pages xix and xx","During the late 1980s, U.S.-Soviet discussions about the abuse of psychiatry led to the formation of a special U.S. delegation to the Soviet Union. In February 1989, the U.S.S.R. allowed the delegation to independently assess 27 Soviet citizens believed to have been psychiatrically committed for non-medical reasons. The U.S.S.R. also allowed the delegation to inspect ordinary psychiatric hospitals and other hospitals known as \"psychoprisons.\" The U.S. delegation's psychiatric leader was Dr. Loren Roth of the University of Pittsburgh. The U.S. State Department organized the trip, closely cooperating with the American Psychiatric Association and the National Institute of Mental Health. Their Soviet counterparts were the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The Soviet Ministry of Health and the conservative leadership of Soviet psychiatry, both believed to have been deeply involved in abuse, internally opposed the visit. However, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs overcame this opposition, and their support was critical to the U.S. delegation's success.","The U.S. delegation consisted of leading experts in psychiatry, forensic psychiatry, forensic psychology, law, and Sovietology. Also, it included a representative of the American Psychological Association (A.P.A.), and émigré Soviet psychiatrists living in the United States.","From April 1988 onward, Dr. Loren Roth engaged in extensive negotiations with his Soviet counterparts on the details of the visit. They discussed the list of people (\"patients\") to be assessed by the delegation and the processes for obtaining their consent. There were difficult negotiations over the presence of Soviet psychiatrists during the examinations, and the need to protect the interviewees from potential intimidation and retaliation.","The U.S. delegation advocated for and adopted critical precautions to ensure the transparency of the mission and its findings. They used scientifically developed structural psychiatric interview schedules, brought U.S. interpreters to assist the delegation, avoided sharing the cost of the trip with the Soviet side, collected urine samples to rule out overmedication, videotaped the interviews, and spoke with friends/relatives of those interviewed.","Although there was a significant risk that the Soviet Union would cancel the delegation's visit, it occurred between February and March, 1989. The American team evaluated 27 Soviet citizens and inspected special psychiatric hospitals in Kazan and Chernyakhovsk as well as ordinary psychiatric hospitals in Vilnius and Kaunas.","Among those interviewed by the U.S. team were people still hospitalized, and those who had been previously discharged. The American team was greatly assisted by Mr. Aleksandr \"Sasha\" Podrabinek, the Soviet and, subsequently, Russian dissident. He was an expert on the issue of abuse of psychiatry and author of the 1979 book \"Punitive Medicine\" (see references). Mr. Podrabinek facilitated access to those who had been previously released and claimed to be unavailable by Soviet counterparts.","The U.S. team detailed their conclusions in their final report, \"Assessment of Recent Changes in Soviet Psychiatry\" (available in this collection), which researchers are encouraged to read. The Soviet Union responded officially with its own report.","The 1989 visit laid a foundation for subsequent collaboration between the two countries in the area of mental health. The U.S.-Russia Health Committee met from 1994 to 2000 as a part of a larger Gore-Chernomyrdin Commission. It focused, in particular, on mental health care during disasters and the primary care physician's role in caring for patients with depression.","Shortly after the American mission was over, the W.P.A. congress in Athens decided to provisionally readmit the Soviet All-Union Society after receiving an official, although somewhat vague, admission of the past wrongdoings (covered in detail in On Dissidents and Madness by Robert van Voren). In 1991, the W.P.A. undertook an ad hoc psychiatric inspection of the Soviet Union that Dr. Jim Birley headed. Dr. Loren Roth and other experts who served on the 1989 U.S. State Department mission joined this inspection.","In 1990, a delegation of Soviet psychiatrists and politicians visited the United States for an educational trip to American psychiatric services and scholarly dialogues.","\nResearchers are encouraged to read the resources listed below to gain a better understanding of the historical events surrounding the 1989 delegation:","- the Schizophrenia Bulletin (supplement to Vol 15, # 4, 1989), which contains the brief overview of the reasons, methodology, and findings of the American team in the U.S., the final report of the U.S. delegation both in English and Russian, as well as the Soviet response in both languages (Hyperlink1)\n- The New York Times article \"Accord Is Sought by U.S. And Soviet on Mental Wards\" of May 22, 1988\n- The Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, Volume 49, Number 4, 2021 \"Jonas Rappeport: A Direct, Accomplished AAPL Leader\" by Dr. Loren Roth\n- Report by the World Psychiatric Association Team on the Visit to the Soviet Union, 9-29 June 1991, headed by Dr. Jim Burley\n- Human Rights, Perestroika, and the End of the Cold War co-authored by Anatoly Adamishin and Richard Schifter in 2009","In 2021, three decades after the 1989 trip to assess the conditions of Soviet citizens confined in psychiatric hospitals for political reasons, an oral history project was initiated to document it. Loren H. Roth, Ellen Mercer, and Richard Bonnie, three members of the delegation, had always wanted to evaluate if the mission had had any lasting impact on the lives of the people interviewed and on the quality and ethical integrity of psychiatric care in the countries of the former Soviet Union. The oral history project began in conjunction with the donation of Loren Roth's papers to the University of Virginia School of Law Library. Olena Protsenko, a Ukrainian human rights lawyer, organized Roth's papers and began researching related collections. Richard Bonnie's papers and Saleem Shah's files on the abuse of psychiatry, also part of the University of Virginia Law Library manuscript collections, were essential to the project's development.","Dr. Joseph D. Bloom was one of the few forensic psychiatrists on the 1989 U.S. Department of State Delegation to the Soviet Union to investigate the abuse of psychiatry. Bloom is Dean Emeritus of the Oregon Health and Science University and Clinical Professor at the Department of Psychiatry of the University of Arizona Fenix College of Medicine.","Mr. Borissow is an American of a Russian descend. He was a contract interpreter for the U.S. State Department for many years. During the 1989 trip, he was on the sub-team # 3 under the leadership of Dr. Hirschfeld, interpreting in Leningrad.","Dr. William Carpenter was leader of team #2 of the 1989 American investigative scientific mission to the Soviet Union. He is Professor of Medicine at the University of Maryland School of Medicine and former Director of the Maryland Psychiatric Research Center.","Robert William Farrand retired in 1998 after 34 years in the U.S. Foreign Service. He served as Ambassador to Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, and Vanuatu from 1990 until 1993. ","In 1988-89 he led the U.S. delegation of medical and forensic professionals to investigate the Soviet Union's political weaponizing of psychiatry, for which he received a Superior Honor Award.","Farrand was concurrently Supervisor of the Bosnian city of Brčko and Deputy High Representative for the northern sector of Bosnia and Herzegovina (1997 to 2000).  ","Dr. Robert Hirschfeld is Professor of Psychiatry at Weill Cornell Medical College. He was the team leader of team # 3 during the 1989 psychiatric delegation to the U.S.S.R.","Mr. William Hopkins is a retired U.S. State Department staff interpreter. During the 1989 U.S. psychiatric mission to the USSR, he interpreted for team # 2 under the leadership of Dr. William Carpenter.","Mr. I. is a Soviet/Ukrainian dissident who was repeatedly involuntarily committed to a psychiatric hospital for political reasons. He was one of the people interviewed by the U.S. State Department investigative psychiatric mission to the U.S.S.R. in 1989.","Dr. Keith is the Emeritus Milton Rosenbaum Professor of Psychiatry and Psychology at the University of New Mexico School of Medicine. He was a Deputy Director and Associate Director for Schizophrenia Programs at the NIMH as of 1989. He was the team leader of team # 1 during the 1989 psychiatric delegation to the U.S.S.R.","Dr. Felix Kleyman is a psychiatrist practicing in New York City. At the time of the 1989 U.S. State Department mission to the Soviet Union to investigate abuse of psychiatry, Dr. Kleyman was an assistant clinical professor of psychiatry at New York Medical College. Dr. Kleyman was one of the few Russian-speaking, U.S.S.R. and U.S.-trained psychiatrists on the American team. Dr. Kleyman was also a member of the 1991 W.P.A.  mission to the Soviet Union once the All-Union Society of Psychiatrists and Narcologists was provisionally readmitted to the W.P.A.","As of 1989, Mr. Kovalev was a Senior Advisor of the Department for International Humanitarian and Cultural Relations at the Soviet Ministry of Foreign Affairs. He was charged with bringing Soviet legislation and practice in line with the international obligations of the U.S.S.R. Mr. Kovalev was responsible for the development and implementation of the psychiatric reform, including the organization of the visit of the American psychiatric delegation in 1989.","At the time of the 1989 U.S. psychiatric mission to the U.S.S.R. Ms. Mercer was the Director of the A.P.A. Office of International Affairs. She is believed to be one of the initiators of the visit and was deeply involved in its planning and preparation as the representative of the American Psychiatric Association (A.P.A.). During the visit itself, she was a member of the team inspecting psychiatric hospitals on the ground.","John T. Monahan is the John S. Shannon Distinguished Professor of Law, Professor of Psychology, Hunton Andrews Kurth Professor of Law at the University of Virginia School of Law. He was the only forensic psychologist on the 1989 U.S. State Department investigative psychiatric mission to the Soviet Union.","Mr. Reddaway is a renowned expert on Russian and Soviet politics, author of many books and publications. He is Professor Emeritus of Political Science and International Affairs at George Washington University.","Dr. Darrel Regier was the Scientific Director of the 1989 State Department investigative mission to the U.S.S.R. and coordinated all aspects of the clinical assessment procedure. Dr. Regier completed twenty-five years at the National Institute of Mental Health (N.I.M.H.), during which time he directed three research divisions in the areas of epidemiology, prevention, clinical research, and health services research. Dr. Regier is currently a Senior Scientist at the Center for the Study of Traumatic Stress, in the Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine and Department of Psychiatry, Uniformed Services University. He also serves as an independent senior scientific consultant to the American Psychiatric Association (A.P.A.) on DSM-5 and research related issues.","Dr. Roth was the psychiatric leader of the 1989 U.S. State Department investigative psychiatric mission to the U.S.S.R. Following 44 years of distinguished service to the Department of Psychiatry and the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Loren H. Roth, M.D., M.P.H., was recognized and awarded Emeritus status at a special reception following the Department's Annual Research Day held June 7, 2018. \nPrior to his being an Emeritus Professor, for the previous five years Dr. Roth was the Associate Senior Vice Chancellor, Clinic Policy and Planning, Health Sciences, University of Pittsburgh; Distinguished Service Professor of Psychiatry, Professor of Health Policy and Management, and Clinical and Translational Science; and Senior Advisor, Quality, UPMC Health Plan.  In addition to his many academic positions, Dr. Roth has held multiple leadership roles at UPMC culminating in his being the first Chief Medical Officer of the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (U.P.M.C.) (2003-2007).","Mr. S. is a Soviet/Russian dissident who was repeatedly involuntarily committed to a psychiatric hospital for political reasons. He was one of the people interviewed by the U.S. State Department investigative psychiatric mission to the U.S.S.R. in 1989.","Fluent in English and Russian, Ms. Smith was a contract interpreter for the U.S. State Department for many years. She interpreted for both the 1989 American delegation and the 1991 WPA delegation to the Soviet Union. During the 1989 trip, she was on the sub-team # 1 under the leadership of Dr. Samuel J. Keith, M.D. interpreting in Moscow.","Dr. Leon Stern is a Russian-speaking psychiatrist who was a member of the field team that inspected four psychiatric hospitals across the Soviet Union. Dr. Stern is a psychiatrist in private practice."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOlena Protsenko processed this collection. She was a post-doctoral Research Associate in Psychiatry and Law at the University of Virginia School of Law.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Olena Protsenko processed this collection. She was a post-doctoral Research Associate in Psychiatry and Law at the University of Virginia School of Law."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is divided into two series. The first series, \"abuse of psychiatry and psychiatrists\", consists of subject files compiled by Dr. Loren Roth, Professor of Psychiatry at the University of Pittsburgh. They are evidence of Dr. Roth's efforts to stop the abuse of psychiatry and psychiatrists for political reasons, with an emphasis on the former Soviet Union. The subject files contain correspondence, articles, reports, evaluations, meeting minutes, agendas, planning materials, diaries, photographs, memoranda, handwritten notes, programs, books, videotapes, ephemera, and other items. Together, these materials date from around 1950 to 2008. However the bulk of them date from the 1970s to the 1990s, when Dr. Roth participated in U.S. delegations to the former Soviet Union and was part of the American Psychological Association's (APA) Committees on Human Rights and International Abuse of Psychiatry and Psychiatrists.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nThe second series consists of materials that were gathered and produced for the \"Retrospective Review of the 1989 U.S. State Department Psychiatric Mission to the U.S.S.R.\" project. These materials include oral history interviews with individuals involved with the 1989 mission, a 1989 recorded interview with a psychiatric patient, project correspondence, biographical files, interview minutes, and an organizational chart. Most of the items in this series date from the time of the project, 2021 to 2022.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series consists of subject files that Dr. Loren Henry Roth assembled and used while working to stop the abuse of psychiatry and psychiatrists for political reasons, emphasizing abuse in the former Soviet Union. The files contain correspondence, memoranda, meeting documents, articles, reports, lists, forms, evaluations, photographs, diaries, and other materials.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWorld Psychiatric Association Proposed Declaration of Hawaii; \"Honolulu Paper\": Somerville, John: \"Ethics and Psychiatry,\" (1977); Committee of French Psychiatrists Against The Political Uses of Psychiatry Special Bulletin, the World Congress of Psychiatry in Hawaii; newspaper clippings from Hawaiian newspapers (1977). APA white paper: \"Misuse and Abuse of Psychiatry in the U.S.: A definition and Discussion,\" (1991); correspondence and papers of Paul Chodoff, (1989-1990 and undated); Helmchen, H. and A. Okasha: \"From the Hawaii Declaration to the Declaration of Madrid,\" Acta Psychiatr Scand 200:101: 2023\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCopy of the Report to the Board of Trustees, American Psychiatric Association of the Ad Hoc Committee on the Use of Psychiatric Institutions for the Commitment of Political Dissenters (1972); Boekovski Berichten Bukovsky News: The Case of Irina Grivnina (1985?); Statement of Dr. Algirdas Statkevicius to the Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe (1988); copy of letter from Peter Reddaway to Viktor Nakas, Leon Stern, Robert van Voren and Algirdas Statkevicius (1989); copy of translation of SB case (1987-1989); U.S. Helsinki Watch Committee [memorandum] re Shatravka Family (1988); Committee of Concerned Scientists, Inc \"Call for Action for Three Soviet Former Prisoners of Conscience,\" (1988); and newspaper clippings mainly of Pyotr G. Grigorenko and Anatoly Koryagin\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Special Report, The Medical Profession and the Prevention of Torture,\" The New England Journal of Medicine (October 1985); \"Sowing fear: The Uses of Torture and Psychological Abuse in Chile,\" A Report by Physicians for Human Rights (October 1988); Proposal. Center for Rehabilitation of Torture Victims [RCT], New York, NY and Roseland, New Jersey (undated); RCT International Newsletter on Treatment and Rehabilitation of Torture Victims (1990-1991); RCT IRCT [International Rehabilitation Council for Torture Victims]: Torture [packet of documents] (1991-1992); Jacobsen, Lone and Pete Vesti: Torture Survivors – a New Group of Patients, The Danish Nurses Organization, 1990; Canadian Centre for Victims of Torture\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHuman Rights Task Force of the APA survey on human rights organizations (1984); Human Rights Survey Responses (1988); Human Rights Cases Monitored by the APA (1990); photocopy of European Convention on Human Rights Collected Texts, Strasbourg, 1965.  Folder includes an incomplete set of The World Medical Association press releases (1975-1990), printed materials and news clippings\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDocuments from the Ninth Session of the U.S.-U.S.S.R. Joint Committee for Health Cooperation, (1988-11-17); Trip Report – P.H.S. Delegation Visit to the Soviet Union  November 13-20, 1988 Ninth U.S.-U.S.S.R. Health Committee Meeting (1989-01-25); Summary of Cooperation in Health Between the US Public Health Service and the Ministry of Health of the U.S.S.R. (1989-01-26); Peter Henry thoughts re Implications of Trip for U.S.-Soviet Health Agreement (1989-02-02)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRoth's printed account of trip that he made with Rabbi Mark Staitman, Larry Hurwitz, cardiologist;  Harold and Esther Garfinkel, community leaders; Joy Weber, science writer, and Rabbi Jonathan Stein. September 20-October 1, 1986. (2 versions)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDr. Roth and Ambassador Schifter's preliminary planning documents for the U.S. mission to the U.S.S.R. in April of 1988.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAPA Memorandum re \"use of psychiatry for political purposes\" (1988-03-21); [USSR] Regulations for Psychiatric Hospitals, LS No. 124600 JS/AO Russian, Appendix to Decree No. 225 of the USSR Ministry of Public Health, 21 March 1988; Pre-summit discussions. Report of Soviet Contact (1988-03-23): Gennadi N. Milyokhin, M.D. visit to Parklawn;  [Unedited] On the Record Briefing of Richard Schifter, Assistant Secretary of State for Human Rights and Humanitarian Affairs,  March 25, 1988\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePeter Reddaway: \"Will Perestroika End Political Abuse in Soviet Psychiatry?\" (1988-07-03); copy of pages 5-6 of \"Argumenty I fakty\" No. 11/1987, [Reporter V. Romanenko interviews with  Dr. Marat Vartanyan (1987- 03-21-27)]; anonymous draft \"Ground Rounds\", \"Abuses in Soviet Psychiatry\" (undated); Karklins, Rasma: \"The Dissent/Coercion Nexus in the USSR, Working Paper #36, Soviet Interview Project (1987-05); Roth's handwritten notes; copies of printed materials related to Soviet psychiatry; annotated copy of Berman, Harold J.: Soviet Criminal Law and Procedure. The RSFR Codes. Cambridge, Harvard University Press, 1977, pp. 3-124\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eStipulations for Delegation of U.S. Psychiatrists and Other Experts Visiting the USSR (1988-11-09); Roth's handwritten notes. Also Ellen Mercer U.S.S.R. Trip Confidential  Report (1988 -11) and Saleem A. Shah Department of Health and Human Services Report on International Travel (1988-11-18). Correspondence to Alexander A. Churkin  with documents: US-Soviet Understanding for Delegation of US Psychiatrists and Other Experts Visiting the USSR; \"Discussions\"; Consent Forms for Persons Interviewed and of Relatives and Friends (1988-12-19)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere assesment of Soviet Psychiatry (1988-08-04), memorandum re \"Sensible Tactics re U.S. Delegation on Soviet Psychiatry; human rights and Soviet Psychiatry; \"things to do; Roth's notes; and Roth: \"Uses of Psychiatry in the U.S.S.R. and U.S.A,\" Browning Hoffman Lecture, UVA School of LAw (1988-10-07).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInternational Association on the Political Use of Psychiatry [IAPUP]: Information Bulletin Nos. 3, 9, 11, 18-21; also copy of \"II. The Case of All-Union Society (undated). Soviet Psychiatry News, vol. 1, nos. 1-2 (1989)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eUS State Department Soviet Psychiatric Project Delegation to the Soviet Union Planning Trip – correspondence, telegrams, memoranda re: negotiations, support and concerns, instructions, logistics for the trip. Correspondence with Soviet and US officials, and other psychiatrists. Summary of discussions with Ambassador Richard Schifter (1989-02-11); comments from Saleem Shah (1989-02-10); from Robert van Voren, Ellen Mercer, Dr. Edward Kelty and others.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis sub-series contains materials related to the organization, planning and logistics of the trip, as well as background information about the psychiatric abuse in the U.S.S.R.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis file contains memoranda, handwritten notes, list of participants, questionnaires, Forensic Interview Schedule, and Interpersonal Personality Disorder Examination (IPDE).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDSM-III-R Criteria Checklist (1988-05-23; Structural Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R Patient Version (1988-06-01) SCID-NP/OP Psychotic Screening (1988-06-01); Instruction Manual for the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R (1988 and 1989)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDSM-III-R Criteria Checklist (1988-05-23; Structural Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R Patient Version (1988-06-01) SCID-NP/OP Psychotic Screening (1988-06-01); Instruction Manual for the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R (1988 and 1989)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRussian version of IPDE (1989-02-16); Russian version of Revised SCID Standardized Clinical Study According to DSM-III-PD Criteria (SKID) (1991-04); Russian version of World Psychiatric Association visit to the USSR Forensic Examination (1991-03)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe reports were written by doctors Jonas Rappeport, M.D., Vladimir Levit, MD., Samuel J. Keith, M.D, Darrell A. Regier, M.D., Loren Roth, M.D., Felix Kleyman, M.D., Joseph Bloom, M.D., William. T. Carpenter, M.D., Robert Hirschfeld, M.D., Alla Arsenian (interpreter); Elmore Rigamer, M.D., Joel Klein; Boris Shostokovich, M.D.; John Monahan; Nancy Andreason, M.D.; William Farrand.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReports of forensic evaluations done in Moscow and Leningrad by Jonas R. Rappeport, John Monahan, Joseph D. Bloom; draft of Roth's \"Patient Sample –Description. Methodological Issues – Obstacles\" (1989-04-10); assessments and handwritten notes re patients; Russian document with translation re patients (undated); Roth's notes on various interviewees (1991-02-07)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe materials in this file include Roth's letters to persons who he wished to interview but didn't; U.S. Department of State \"transliteration\" of names (1989-04-04) and inventory of status of cases (1989-04-05)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Delegation of US Psychiatrists Issues Press Statement\" signed by members of the US Psychiatric Delegation: Nancy Andreasen, M. D.; Joseph D. Bloom, M.D.; Richard J. Bonnie; William T. Carpenter, M.D.; Robert M. A. Hirschfeld, M. D.; Samuel J. Keith, M.D.; Joel Klein; Felix L. Kleyman, M.D.; Vladimir A. Levit, M.D.;  David Lozovsky, M. D.; Ellen Mercer, John Monahan, PhD; Jonas R. Rappeport, M.D.; Peter B. Reddaway, Ph.D; Darrel A. Regier, MD.D., M.P.H.; Elmore E. Rigamer, M.D.; Leon Stern, M.D.; Harold M. Visotsky, M. D.]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTestimonies of Darrel A. Regier, Robert W. Farrard, Peter Reddaway, Robert van Voren, Loren H. Roth; statement of Steny H. Hoyer; LHR's handwritten notes; correspondence; responses, printed materials; draft I Report of the U.S. Delegation and Preliminary Soviet Reply: Brief Analysis of Points of Agreement and Disagreement; Loren H. Roth Final Report of the US Delegation to Assess Recent Changes in Soviet Psychiatry. Objectives and Execution of the Visit. American Psychiatric Association Annual Meeting, New York, NY, May 15 1990; some correspondence and memoranda related to CSCE meetings in Copenhagen (June 1990); and copy of U.S. Report (speech) on CSCE – Moscow (1991-10-02)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCopy of Reddaway's Trip to Moscow, October 29-November 2, 1988; memo re: \"The difficult situation we are in: how should we proceed,\" (1989, 02-19); notes on Soviet Psychiatry Developments (1990-01-20); copy of \"Trip to Moscow, August 20-30, 1992.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Dissent and Disorder: Human Rights in Soviet Psychiatry,\" (1989-07-); copy of unauthored paper; \"The Legacy of Psychiatric Abuse in the U.S.S.R.,\" (undated); Russian version and translation of \"Proceedings of the session of Working Party formulating the draft law on 'Psychiatric Help in the U.S.S.R.',\" (1991-02-14)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Soviet Access to and Utilization of Mental Health Services: A Comparative View,\"  paper presented at the National Conference on Soviet Refugee Health and Mental Health, Chicago, IL (1991-12-11); Isaac Ray Lectures: \"The Future of the Doctor-Patient Relationship. Lesson from Two Cultures, The Former Soviet Union and the United States,\" Discussants: Loren H. Roth, M.D., Dean Eckenrode, George Huber, J.D., Mark Schmidhofer, M.D. (1998-05-07)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"The New Soviet Legislation on the Provision of Psychiatric Care,\" speech delivered at the symposium of the International Association on the Political Use of Psychiatry, Washington, D.C., (1988-10-14); Koryagin: \"A Green Light of Injustice,\" Zurich, (1988-12-20); notes from Boris Zoubok, M.D.; copy of \"Law of the USSR on the protection of the rights and legal interests of persons suffering from psychiatric disorders and on the grounds and procedures for the administration of psychiatric care,\" (1990-10-08); Roth's Notes on Meeting of USSR Supreme Soviet Committee on Mental Health Law, Moscow (1990-10-26); copy of Smit, Jonna: \"Human Rights and Mental Health Legislation: the USSR,\" (1991-05-21); van Voren, Robert: \"Ukrainian Psychiatry: Starting from Scratch,\" (undated); Regulations on a psychiatric hospital (Положение о психиатрической больнице), [printed Russian document] CCCP, No. 225, 1988; printed materials and news clippings, 1988-2004; Patients in Psychiatric Hospital Requiring Follow-up and Review – interview methodology, list, memoranda\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDraft and confidential memorandum of meeting with Minister of the Department of Humanitarian Affairs [Yuri A.] Reshetov. Also interview methodology and memoranda.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eKazan Special Psychiatric Hospital, Vilnius Ordinary Hospital, Kaunas Hospital, Chernyashovsk Special Psychiatric Hospital\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRichard J. Bonnie draft; \"Legal and Humanitarian Aspects of Soviet Psychiatry: Some Preliminary Conclusions\" (1989-03-28); also comments on Klein's and Reddaway reports (1989-04 to 1989-05); LHR Confidential Drafts #1-5 (1989-05-19-31); Objectives of the Clinical Interviews (1989-05-22); Dr. Harold M. Visotsky Response to Joel Kline (1989-05-30); Hospital Team Report by Harold Visotsky, Elmore Rigamer, and Loren H. Roth (1989-05-30); remarks from Joe Bloom (1989-06-05); Richard Bonnie: Note to Members of the US Delegation to the Soviet Union (1989-06-16); Bill Farrad; Executive Summary [annotated] (1989-06-20); \"USSR Psychiatrists at a Human Rights Round Table in Moscow in April 1988,\" annotated copy of attachment sent by Joel Kline to Roth (undated); Vladimir A. Levit comments (1989-06-26); Saleem [Shah]: Soviet Compliance and Study Limitations (1989-06-28) and comments (1989-06-26); Peter Reddaway draft (1989-06-28) [2 folders], 1989-03 to 1989-06\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlso: State Department \"rough translation\" of Soviet response: \"Response to the medical part of the report by the U.S. delegation of psychiatrists and lawyers,\" (1989-07-06); Draft translation of the final Soviet comments on the report: Commentary on the Report [130008 JS/AO Russian] (1989-09-26); U.S. Department of State Memorandum re Comments on the Soviet response to the Report (1989-10-12); printed Russian document inscribed by Polubinskaya to Loren H. Roth: [Academy of Sciences of the U.S.S.R., Soviet State and Right. Separate Report, Moscow 1990];  translation of S. V. Polubinskaya and S. V. Borodin: \"The Legal Problems of Soviet Psychiatry: The Views of American and Soviet Experts,\" Soviet State Law, No. 5, 1990, pp. 67-76\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResolution of the WPA (1989-10-17); WPA Statement by the All Union Society of Soviet Psychiatrists and Narcologists of the U.S.S.R. before the World Psychiatric Association General Assembly in Athens (1989-10-18); Memorandum re: Site Visit by the WPA Review Committee to the U.S.S.R. (1990-03-13); Reddaway, Peter: The Struggle over Reform in Soviet Psychiatry Intensifies: Is the Establishment Beginning to Panic? (1990-04-30); Remarks by Svetlana Poloubinskaya at the APA's Committee of International Abuse of Psychiatry and Psychiatrists (1990-05-16)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAPA correspondence with the Center for Democracy in the U.S.S.R., U.S. Department of State, (Schifter and Mercer); University of London Institute of Psychiatry, 1989-05 to 1989-11. Also, miscellaneous correspondence with literary agents (1989-03 to 1989-04)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTranslations of A.  Karpov, Chief Psychiatrist, U.S.S.R. Ministry of Health: \"The Registration of Mental Patients in the U.S.S.R.\" (1990-10-25) and \"Basic Findings of the Conclusion of the U.S.S.R. Constitutional Supervision Committee on Whether Legislation for the Compulsory Treatment and Re-Education of Through Labour of Persons Suffering from Alcoholism or Drug-Addiction Conforms to the U.S.S.R. Constitution and International Enactments on Human Rights,\" by B. M. Lazarev, Deputy Chairman of the USSR Constitutional Supervision Committee (1990-10-25). Also Saleem A. Shah: \"Forensic Interview Schedule\". Correspondence with Otto Dorr Zegers, Csaba Banki, M.P. Deva, Driss Moussaoui, Jim Birley, and Gerard Low-Geer\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence with Dr. Otto Dörr-Zegers (Chile); Dr. Csava Bànki (Hungary); Dr. M. P. Deva (Malaysia); Dr. Driss Moussaoui (Morocco); Dr. Jim Birley (WPA Negotiating Team); Dr. Gerard Low-Greer (England).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluded are: Gostin, Larry: \"Human Rights in Mental Health: Japan. Report of an international mission to Japan: 1987,\"  World Health Organization/Harvard University International Collaborating Center on Health Legislation, World Federation for Mental Health [1987]; Kawasaki, Shigeru: \"Like a Shedding Snake,\" English Summary, J. JAPH 2:2 Spring 1991; news-clippings.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence with Ellen Mercer re Singapore (1985-09-18); UN Commission on Human Rights E/CN. 4 Sub.2/1988/23: Report on the Sessional Working Group on the question of persons detained on the grounds of mental ill-health or suffering from mental disorder; Proceedings. International Forum on Mental Health Reform, Kyoto, Japan, January 29-30, 1987; Benatar, S. R.: correspondence and articles (1990); Final draft of the \"UN Principles Produced by the Working Group on Human Rights,\" Annex A Principles for the Protection of Persons with Mental Illness and for the Improvement of Mental Health Care\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe sub-series consists of materials Loren Roth collected as part of his work on this committee. These include meeting minutes and agendas, correspondence, reports, articles, clippings, memoranda, and other items.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAPA lists of cases in the U.S.S.R., Yugoslavia and Romania (1988-07-05); memo for the record re Soviet dissidents\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAPA minutes of meeting (1988-09-07); Draft Statement Following Discussion with Dr. Sabshin; APA Draft Resolution by the Committee on International Abuse of Psychiatry to not object to the re-admittance of  the All-Union Society of Psychiatrists and Neuropathologists of the USSR into the WPA (1988-09-07); minutes of the APA Committee on Human Rights (1988-09-09); some correspondence, (1988 -09)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMinutes of conference call (1989-02-15); correspondence; IAPUP documents re to Soviet psychiatry (1989-02); copy of Dr. Marvin Brook handwritten comments on the By-Laws of the WPA (undated); Application of the Independent Psychiatric Association of the USSR (IPA) for membership to the WPA, includes Constitution and Declaration (1989-03-09); APA Guidelines for Psychiatric Services in Jails and Prisons; APA draft guidelines on the Right of Refuse (Anti-Psychotic) Medication.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes some correspondence and documents: Memorandum re Revision of the WPA Review Committee's Operational Instrument ( 1989-04-270; translation of letter from Nikolai Fedrovich Zhukov to US Congress (1989-03-04); IAPUP Documents on the Political Abuse of Psychiatry in the USSR 18: The Founding of the Association of Independent Psychiatrists in the USSR and the US Delegation of Psychiatrist to the USSR (March 1989); IAPUP Report and brochures, 1989-04\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMemorandum re Detention of Cuban psychiatrist Dr. Alfredo Samuel Martínez Lara (1989-04-19); WPA Proposed alterations (1989-04 -25); copy of entrance application of the International Independent Research Centre on Psychiatry to the WPA (1989-03-27), news clippings; Dr. Marat Vartanian original article sent to the International Journal on Mental Health\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluded are: Ellen Mercer and Fini Schulsinger interviews with Radio Canada (1989-03); and \"rough\" transcripts of  Radio Free Europe with Viktor Lanovoy, President of the Independent Association of Psychiatrists (1989-06-15); Croatian Committee for Human Rights press release re human rights abuses (1989-06-24); [translation] of M. Buyanov articles in Uchitelskaya Gazeta (1988-11-19); Association Psychiatric Independent (IPA) press release (1989-04-12); Commission of the European Communities: \"Observations on the State of Implementation of Programme of Psychiatrists Reform in Greece,: (1987-12-31); IAPUP Documents Special Issue: \"The Political Abuse of Psychiatry in Rumania (June 1989);  IAPUP Documents on the Political Abuse of Psychiatry Nos. 22, 23, 24, 25 (June-July 1989)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes Summary of the WPA Executive Committee in Athens and Resolutions (1989-08-18); excerpts of anonymous document \"Autumm 1988, Gerlovka\" re abuse in the USSR ; printed articles, news clippings\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes unofficial translation of  Statement by the All-Union Scientific Society of Psychiatrists (1989-10-02); Remarks of Christian Barton Concerning Allegations of Psychiatric Abuse of Dissidents by the Cuban Government (1989-09-13); Sabshin, Melvin: Statement to the Subcommittee on Health and Environment of the US House of Representatives re APA position on Soviet psychiatric practices (undated); Testimony of Victor Davidoff, former victim of abuse in the Soviet Union (undated); Commentary on the Report \"Assessment of Recent Changes in Soviet Psychiatry, prepared by the US Delegation on the Results of its visit to the USSR,\" (1989-09-15); IPA bulletins (1989 -08-07 and 1989-08-31); news clippings\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes: Liaison Report (1989-10); Gluzman, Semyon: \"Bureaucratic Ethics and Soviet Psychiatry,\" (1989-11) and Commentary on the Memorandum of G. Lukacher (1989-10-14) re All Union Scientific Society of Psychiatrists; translation of A.I. letter \"To the World Congress of the WPA,\" (1989-10-16); translation of letter from Social Organizations in Leningrad To the Participants in the Congress of the WPA (Athens, Greece, October 1989); Schifter, Richard: \"An Inventory of Soviet Human Rights Developments\" (1989-10-04); IAPUP Documents on the Political Abuse of Psychiatry in the USSR No. 29, 30\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSome copies of  documents related to the former Yugoslavia; lists of interments and releases in the Soviet Union (1989-12-21); draft translation of [Sotsialisticheskaya Industriya] A Detail report: Psychiatry Without Secrets (1989-10-31); Documents on the Political Abuse of Psychiatry in the Soviet Union 31 (1989-12); WPA Minutes (1989-08-11-13)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence related to abuses in Cuba; Pena, Jose M. et al: \"Abuse and Misuse of Psychiatry in the U.S.: The Need for an Institutional Ethics,\" (1990-02); list of human rights cases monitored by the APA in Argentina, Bulgaria, Cuba, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Malawi, Morocco, Romania, South Africa, Sudan, Turkey, Uruguay, Yugoslavia, Zaire (1990-02-06); Mercer, Ellen: USSR Trip Report/February 25-March 3, 1990\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes: Second World Center Annual Report 1989 and APA Statement on Simón Bolívar Award and Lecture (1990-02-15)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence re Cuban psychiatrists (1990-04); Keston College Support Group: \"Igor Rodionov Report\" (1990-04); Yelena Izyumova Open Letter to the Members of the APA, Moscow May 20, 1990; anonymous essay re : Psychiatric Abuse in the USSR (Helsinki Watch), undated\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlso: \"Proposed New Policies for the APA in Regard to the Abuse of Psychiatry for Political and Other Non-Medical Purposes in the USSR,\" (undated)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes copy of Human Rights Survey Responses (1988-04-01) and reports of the Council on International Affairs, Committee on Human Rights and Committee on International Education\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes reports of the Council on International Affairs, Committee on Human Rights and Committee on International Education; memoranda re IAPUP meetings in Germany (1990-09); letter from Dr. Jeffrey Heller to the Committee on Abuse of Psychiatry re Soviet Delegation at H and CP Institute (1990-10-10); Documents on the Political Abuse of Psychiatry in the USSR No. 38 (1990-09)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes correspondence from Dr. Valerian Tuculesco re post-traumatic stress disorder after the Romanian revolution (1990-10); correspondence re Oleg Vitalyevich Kozlov re hijacked plane to Helsinki (1990-11); American Ambassadors People to People Trip to the USSR 14-27 August 1990 \"Professional Diary\" compiled by E. B. Brody (1990-09-05);  \"Psychiatric Issues Encountered on Recent Trip to USSR,\" memorandum from Holt Ruffin (World Without War) (1990-10-25); Hartmann, Lawrence M.D.: \"Notes on Some Social Psychiatric Problems in Chile, South Africa and the Soviet Union,\" (1990-10); Documents on the Political Abuse of Psychiatry in the USSR Nos. 39, 40, 41; documents relative to the Joint APA-Caribbean Psychiatric Association Meeting; Ellen Mercer: China Trip Report (1990-11)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes reports of the Committee on International Education; Final draft of the UN Principles for the Protection of Persons with Mental Illness and for the Improvement of Mental Health Case (1990-12-11); \"Sugar, Jonathan M.D. et al: \"Psychiatry's Global Challenge: Responsibilities of American Psychiatrists in International Health (undated)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes letter from Dr. Dainiys Pūras re abuse of psychiatry in Lithuania (1991-01-19); correspondence re abuse in Romania (1991-02-08); \"Proposal for The Moscow Center for Rehabilitation of Torture Victims (undated)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes correspondence and document re abuses in Romania; correspondence between Dr. Roth, Gennadi Milyokhin, Juan José López-Ibor, re Revaz Uturgaury (1991-03); correspondence re Soviet individuals\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes CIOMS: Development of International, Ethical Guidelines for Epidemiological Research and Practice, Plenary III Issues related to the HIV/AIDS Pandemic. Proposed Guidelines for International Testing of Vaccines and Drugs against HIV Infection and Aids (1990-11); copies of correspondence between and V. Tuculescu re Romania; Reddaway, Peter: Psychiatric Developments in the USSR (1991-06) and \" Problems of Reforming Soviet Psychiatry and Assuring Rights for the Mentally Ill,\" (undated); \"The Heartbeat of Reform. Soviet Jurists and Political Scientists Discuss the Progress of Perestroika, Glasnot, Democracy, Socialism,\" Translated from the Russian by Vic Schneierson, Moscow, [1991]; Documents on the Political Abuse of Psychiatry in the USSR No. 47, 48\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes reports of the Council on International Affairs, Committee on Human Rights and Committee on International Education. Also includes several documents dated September 1991: Memo for the Record Briefing Meeting for the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences Human Rights Study Group (1991-09-24); USSR Draft Law (17 June 91) on Psychiatric Assistance; Ministry of Health, USSR, All-Union Society of Psychiatrists Governing Board Decision (1991-05-15-16); WPA Memorandum to the All-Union Society of Psychiatrists (1991-07-28); Dr. Stanislaw Golec: \"Health Care in Poland 91\"; \"Instructional Recommendations on the Application of USSR Ministry of Health Order No. 555 (1989-09-19); WPA documents; International Committee of the Red Cross Report on \"Second Working Group of Experts on Battlefield Laser Weapons,\" (1990-11-05-06)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes \"copy of a part\" of Japanese Mental Health Law with translation (1988); translation of  \"law on patient's rights\" in Finland (1991-08); WHO Guidelines for the Clinical Investigation of Antidepressant Drugs (1984)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes LHR handwritten notes re Abuse Committee (1992-04); \"Cuban Dissidents in Psychiatric Hospitals An Update of the Politics of Psychiatry in Revolutionary Cuba,\"; \"Dimineata, 7th January 1992, The Mad People Were Dissidents,\" re Romania (undated); \"The Plenary Session of the Board of Directors of the All-Union Scientific Society of Psychiatrists (1992-05) and Follow-Up of US Team's 1989 Patients list, Appendices 1 and 2 sent to Dr. Birley with names of patients (1992-02); Information about the Patient Bill of Rights Tally Sheet (1992-04); Geneva Initiative on Psychiatry [GPI]: Documents on the Abolition and Prevention of Political Abuse of Psychiatry (1992-03 and 1992-04)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes reports of the Council on International Affairs, Committee on Human Rights and Committee on International Education. Also: Country Reports on Human Rights Practices: Yugoslavia (1992-06-01); GPI: Documents on the Abolition and Prevention of Political Abuse of Psychiatry, April – June 1992; Mercer, Ellen: Exploring Hungarian Psychiatry (1992-05)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes reports of the Council on International Affairs, Committee on Human Rights. Also: International Association for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Allied Professions Proclamation of May 1992: Assuring the Mental Health of Children; APA Bilateral Exchange with Poland Czechoslovakia and Hungary. Summary of Responses and Recommendations of American Participants (1992-03-24 to 1992-04-12); copy of Act of the Russian Federation \"On Psychiatric Care and Citizens' Rights With Regard to Such Care,\" (1992-01); Polubinskaya, Svetlana: \"From the USSR to the Independent States: Where the Former Soviet Psychiatry Will Go,\" (1992-05); GIP Documents on the Abolition and Prevention of Political Abuse of Psychiatry 56, June 1992\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes reports of the Council on International Affairs, Committee on Human Rights. Also correspondence re psychiatric abuse in the former GDR, with the Romanian Psychiatric Association and the Committee to End the Chinese Gulag. \"Psychiatry Under Tyranny. An Assessment of the Political Abuse of Romanian Psychiatry During the Ceaucescu Years,\" Report of a consultative mission to Bucharest on behalf of the Geneva Initiative on Psychiatry (1992-06); GIP Documents on the Abolition and Prevention of Political Abuse of Psychiatry 57, July – August 1992\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe sub-series consists of materials Loren Roth collected as part of his work with this committee. These include meeting minutes and agendas, correspondence, reports, articles, clippings, memoranda, and other items.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluded: \"Human Rights of Mental Patients in Japan,\" (1987 -04); Reich, Walter Report of Meeting with Gennadiy M. Yevstafiev (Soviet, member of the delegation to the Vienna Review Meeting) (1987-07-28); copy of letter from Senator Edward M. Kennedy to Lawrence Hartmann, M.D. re human rights violations in Paraguay (1988-04-22); World Medical Association, INC. memorandum: \"The Facts regarding health services in South Africa during 1987, and the role played by the Medical Association of South Africa,\" (1987-07- 08); Reddaway, Peter: Does Moscow's Purge of Corrupt Psychiatrists Threaten the Psychiatric Gulag?\" (1987-07-13); \"More Revelations about Stefanis' Negotiations with the Soviets (1987-09-11); Center for Victims of Torture pilot project (1987-08-28 and 1987-10); South Africa Briefing (1987-08-07); Minutes of Committee on Abuse of Psychiatry (1987-09-09 and 1987-12-02); \"Victims of Torture in Afghanistan. Presentation for Cairo World Congress\" by Mohammad Azam Dadfar (1987-10-18-22); Gralnick, Alexander M.D.: \"Public Health and Psychiatric Care in Cuba, Personal Report\" (November 1987);Political Imprisonment in Cuba. A Special Report from Amnesty International, The Cuban American Nation Foundation, 1987;  US/Soviet Human Rights Seminar: Statement by Ellen Mercer for the APA (1987-12-03). Also Bloche, Maxwell Gregg: \"Uruguay's Military Physicians: Cogs in a System of State Terror,\" (1987-03)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMiscellaneous documents: minutes, memoranda, correspondence. Included: [Argentina] Tribunal Etico de la Salud contra la Impunidad translation of statement: Medical Ethics Tribunal Against Impunity,\" (1988-01-11); Minutes of the APA Committee on Abuse of Psychiatry (1988-01-20, 1988-04-21; 1988-05-10); some documents related to South Africa, Pakistan, Argentina; Human Rights Survey Responses (1988-03-09); Amnesty International: \"China. Detention Without Trial, Ill-Treatment of Detainees and Police Shooting of Civilians in Tibet,\" (1988-02); Bitsch Christensen, Svend: \"Torture Related Documentation,\" (1987); International Commission of Jurists' Mission to Japan Preliminary Report and Recommendations (1988-04); \"The Casualties of Conflict: Medical Care and Human Rights in the West Bank and Gaza Strip,\" Report of a Medical Fact Finding Mission by Physicians for Human Rights, (1988-03); Amnesty International Commission Medicale: Medicine at Risks. The Doctor as Abuser or Victim,\" (1987-09)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMiscellaneous documents: minutes, memoranda, correspondence related to Soviet psychiatry; human rights abuses in Honduras, Czechoslovakia, Somalia, South Africa, Israel, Haiti, Cuba, Egypt, China, BahrainGudava, Eduard M.D.: \"The events in Tbilisi, Georgia  (1989-04-18); Vesti, Peter and Inge Kemp: \"Chapter I: Treatment of Torture Survivors – theoretical views,\" \"Chapter 2: Rehabilitation of Torture Survivors, \" (1989-10); Collazo, Carlos R. M.D. and Martha Gerpe M.D.: \"Missing Parents,\" Paper presented at The World Psychiatric Association, Athens, October 1989\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFile includes: RCT [Rehabilitation and Research Centre for Torture Victims] 7th Annual Report (1990-01); APA Position Statement on Apartheid and Academic Boycotting of South Africa (1990-01); Human Rights Cases Monitored by the APA (1990-02-01); signed Petition by doctors to recommend the APA to condemn the government of Turkey (1990-08); LHR handwritten notes of September meeting;  APA Council on International Affairs Joint Reference Committee (1990-10-12); Boyajian, Levon Z. M.D.: The Psychological Sequelae of the Armenian Genocide (1982); Leros Trip. Report on Visit to the Mental Institution on the Island of Leros, Greece (1989-12-3-5); \"'Bloody Sunday Trauma in Tbilisi. The Eents of April 9, 1989 and their Aftermath,\" Report of a Medical Mission to Soviet Georgia by Physicians for Human Rights, February 1990; printed materials.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFiles include documents re Armenian Genocide and from the Free Romanian Foundation; \"Program for Administrators and Educators Specializing in Programs for People With Disabilities,\" with the Persian Gulf (1991-04); Martínez Lara, Samuel: \"Psychiatry in Cuba: Perspectives of a Human Rights Activist\" (1991-09-27);  ); National Academy of Sciences: \"Considerations Regarding Individual Scientific Visits to the People's Republic of China,\" (October 1991); also some documents about torture\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFiles include documents re torture in Egypt (1992-01); Dadfar, A. Azam M.D.: \"The Deep Scars of a Forgotten War, \" Psychiatry Centre for the Afghans; correspondence with Levon Z. Boyajian M.D. (1992-02); Croatian Medical Journal: \"Medical Testimony of the Vukovar Tragedy\"; memorandum re \"Abuse and Misuse of Psychiatry in the United States\" (1992-02); Committee to End the Chinese Gulag: \"On behalf of Political Prisoners in China: How to Raise Human Rights Cases,\" (1992-04); memoranda and correspondence re abuse of Palestinian physician (1992-05); APA Position Statement on Homosexuality and Civil Rights (1992-07); Americas Watch, Vol.4, Issue 7: \"Dangerous Dialogue, Attacks on Freedom of Expression in Miami's Cuban Exile Community,\" (1992-08);  Amnesty International French Section, Medical Group: \"Corporal Punishment. A study on legislation and enforcement in 18 countries,\" (1992); \"Stop Torture in Korea (STIK)\" (1998-08); APA Council on International Affairs: \"International Inpatients Bill of Rights,\" (1992-08); APA Communications Plan 1992-1994; APA: \"Human Rights and the American Psychiatric Association,\" (1992); memorandum and correspondence re abuse of psychiatry and psychiatrists in México (1992-100; US Department of State: \"Renewing the U.S. Commitment to Human Rights,\" Special Report No. 164;  printed materials\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWorld Health Organization Assignment Report re \"mentally infirm in Romania and possibilities for improvement,\" (1991-11); Rosenberg, David R. M.D. et al: \"A Cross-Cultural Study of \"Ceausescu's Orphans,\" (1992-03); Blom, G. et al: \"Program Touch – A Volunteer Intervention Program to Orphaned Disabled Children in Romania,\" (1991-11); Roth's reappointment as APA Chairperson of the Committee on Human Rights under the Council of International Affairs, (1992-04-13); draft of A.P.A. Action Paper Rescinding the 1982 APA Position on the Insanity Defense (1992-05-01); Pierce, Chester M. M.D.: \"Public Health and Human Rights: Racism, Torture and Terrorism,\" presented at American Psychiatric Association Annual Meeting (1992-05-04)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFiles include translation of Croatian pamphlet: \"Protect Yourself and Help Others (1993-02); APA Office of International Affairs: Responses to Human Rights Questionnaire,\" (1993-08-18); Citizens Support Committee for the Psychiatric Farm Hospital Dr. Manuel Ramírez Moreno (1993-7-13)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ecorrespondence and handwritten notes\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eevaluation forms and printed materials\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMeetings between Ukrainian doctors Semyon F. Gluzman, Vladimir I. Poltavets, Valery N. Kutznetsov, Ada I. Korotenko, Oleg A, Nasinnik, Vladimir M. Cherniavsky and Juan Mezzich, American psychiatrist from the West Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh; also some case summaries (1994-02). Russian and English translation.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eextensive correspondence, reports, handwritten notes. Savychyj, Jurij M.D.: \"Psychiatry in Ukraine,\" [1992]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ecorrespondence, Ukrainian fliers, and handwritten notes\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eextensive correspondence, reports, data analysis, forms, handwritten notes (1995-05), \"Codebook\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ecorrespondence, clinical assessment forms, and handwritten notes\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGeneva Initiative on Psychiatry. Annual Reports 1992 and 1995; Documents on the Abolition and Prevention of Political Abuse of Psychiatry Nos. 65-67, 72, 74; \"Concepts for Developing Mental Health Care in Ukraine (First Draft),\" Developed by Experts of Ministry for Health Care, Kiev Research Institute of General and Forensic Psychiatry, Regional Chief Experts and Kiev Psychiatrists.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ecorrespondence and forms\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eemail correspondence, brochures, printed photographs\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJoseph D. Bloom, Kyrill Borissow, William T. Carpenter, Robert W. Farrand, Robert M.A. Hirschfield, William H. Hopkins, Samuel Keith, Felix Kleyman, Andrei A. Kovalev, Ellen Mercer, John Monahan, Darrel A. Regier, Elmore F. Rigamer Jr, Carolyn Smith, Leon Stern\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes: United States – Russia Health Committee 2000 – 2002, printed copies of photographs; The U.S.A. – Russia Health Committee: \"Access to Quality Health Care\" (draft), undated; \"Additional Materials on Diagnosing and Treating Mild and Moderate Depressions,\" [document in Russian with English title]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGershman, Carl: Psychiatric Abuse in the Soviet Union,\" Society, July/August 1984; Lapenna, Ivo: \"The Medico-Legal Society. Use and Misuse of Psychiatry in the USSR,\" The Royal Society of Medicine, London 12th June 1986; McCready, John and Harold Merskey: \"Compliance by physicians with the 1978 Ontario Mental Health Act,\" Reprint from the Canadian Medical Association Journal, Vol. 124, March 15, 1981; McCready, John and Harold Merskey: \"On the Recoding of Mental Illness for Civil Commitment,\" Can. J. Psychiatry Vol. 27, March 1982; Slovenko, Ralph: Analysis. The Destiny of South Africa,\" The World and I, July 1991.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 2021, members of the 1989 American delegation, some Soviet patients, Soviet doctors and other professionals, were invited to participate in the \"Retrospective Review of the 1989 U.S. State Department Psychiatric Mission to the USSR\" oral history project. Nineteen interviews were recorded, sixteen of them with the surviving members of the U.S. delegation, one with Andrei Kovalev, an official at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in the U.S.S.R. at the time, and two with former \"Soviet patients.\" There is also an original 1989 recording of one interview.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThese interviews provide a comprehensive overview of the history of Soviet psychiatric abuse, the reasons why psychiatric diagnosis was used to suppress dissent, the methods, medical and legal procedures, and who were the major players in Soviet psychiatric abuse. Emphasis is also made on assessing the U.S.-Soviet relationship in the 1980s and the special place that the 1989 State Department psychiatric mission to the U.S.S.R. held in the détente. All stages of negotiations and preparations for the mission were discussed as well as the methodology of psychiatric evaluations and the findings of the American experts. An additional emphasis was also made on assessing the state of Soviet psychiatric care as of the late 1980s and all the significant changes it was going through at the time. The role of World Psychiatric Association (WPA), the All-Union Society of Psychiatrists and Narcologists, the American Psychiatric Association and other important organizations, is also given proper attention. The interviewees also discuss the long-term impact that the 1989 U.S. mission made on Soviet and post-Soviet psychiatry.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn the interview Dr. Bloom discusses his career, his interest in the topic of abuse of psychiatry and his involvement in the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric delegation to the U.S.S.R. He talks about the U.S. and Soviet (both Soviet professionals and Soviet interviewees) understanding of the purpose of the visit and  the Soviet's compliance with the terms negotiated for the visit. He also talks about psychiatric hospitalization, detention and commitment process in the U.S.S.R., conditions of hospitalization in Soviet psychiatric hospitals and the legal rights of persons with mental disorders in the U.S.S.R.  Dr. Bloom's explains his impressions from the trip to the Soviet Union and the conclusions made by the American delegation. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe highlights of the interview pertain to Dr. Bloom's recollection of a Soviet person who allegedly had a mental disorder, and his opinion as to the way the American final report should have been approached.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOlena Protsenko, a Post-doctoral Research Associate in Psychiatry and Law at the University of Virginia School of Law, conducted this interview remotely over the Zoom application.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMr. Borissow shares his life story and describes his career. He talks about getting involved in the 1989 State Department trip to the Soviet Union, his previous trips to the U.S.S.R., and the  social and political context that surrounded the visit and made it possible in the first place. Mr. Borissow describes his experience of interpreting in one of the psychiatric hospitals in Moscow as a part of the 1989 American mission as well as the work that Mr. Borissow's sub-team #3 did in Leningrad. He shares very interesting anecdotes that happened during the trip and talks about the lessons he learned during this trip.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOlena Protsenko, a Post-doctoral Research Associate in Psychiatry and Law at the University of Virginia School of Law, conducted this interview remotely over the Zoom application.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn the interview Dr. Carpenter discusses his career, his involvement in the 1989 US State Department psychiatric delegation to the USSR, the main goals of the mission, various aspects of the implementation in great detail, the diagnostic aspects of the study, interview instruments and methodology, the Soviet mental health care system and its shortcomings, the conclusions made by Dr. Carpenter's sub-team, the impact the American visit made to the interviewed individuals an mental health in the region. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDr. Carpenter also discusses the United States - Great Britain cross-national study of schizophrenia conducted in the 1960s and 70s and its pertinency to the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the U.S.S.R. He also talks about the broad diagnostic criteria for sluggish schizophrenia and how much contributed to the missuse of psychiatry in the Soviet Union.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOlena Protsenko, a Post-doctoral Research Associate in Psychiatry and Law at the University of Virginia School of Law, conducted this interview remotely over the Zoom application.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAmbassador Farrand talks about his long successful career in the U.S. State Department, the importance of the Soviet psychiatric abuse to the U.S. government and the larger context of the U.S. - U.S.S.R. relationships. As a person who worked closely with Ambassador Richard Schifter for many years, Mr. Farrand describes Schifter's goals and vision of the 1989 psychiatric mission to the U.S.S.R. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMr. Farrand describes the process of negotiating the terms of the visit and shares insights about interacting with a superpower as the Soviet Union was at that time. He also talks about the the peculiarities of governance in the U.S.S.R., and power dynamics inside the country. Mr. Farrand describes the efforts to preserve transparency and independence of the mission as well as managing its financial aspects and its highlighting in media. Mr. Farrand also talks about glasnost, perestroika, and the collapse of the Soviet Union.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOlena Protsenko, a Post-doctoral Research Associate in Psychiatry and Law at the University of Virginia School of Law, conducted this interview remotely over the Zoom application.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDr. Hirschfeld shares memories about his education and career, the way he got involved in the 1989 State Department psychiatric mission to the U.S.S.R., the methodological approach to the patient interviews, the range of findings of his sub-team # 3 in Leningrad, and his general impressions of the Soviet Union as of 1989.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOlena Protsenko, a Post-doctoral Research Associate in Psychiatry and Law at the University of Virginia School of Law, conducted this interview remotely over the Zoom application.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMr. Hopkins talks at length about the way he became immersed in the Russian studies, his education, and career. He well remembers the settings and arrangements of interviewing the Soviet citizens who allegedly had mental disorders, his expectations and apprehensions about the upcoming 1989 mission, the types of questions asked of the Soviet interviewees, and the peculiarities of his task as an interpreter during this unique venture. He also mentions the debrief that the entire American team had in Washington, D.C. after the visit was over.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOlena Protsenko, a Post-doctoral Research Associate in Psychiatry and Law at the University of Virginia School of Law, conducted this interview remotely over the Zoom application.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMr. I. talks about his early life, family, education, how his dissident views formed and evolved with time. He shares about his repeated contacts with psychiatric system; he also describes his social and political activity and the repercussions he faced as a result. Mr. I. then tells about his criminal case, his forensic psychiatric evaluation, diagnosis, \"symptoms\", finding of non-imputability, the legal procedure used to involuntarily commit him to the Dnepropetrovsk special psychiatric hospital, and the inhumane conditions there. \nMr. I. then describes his transfer to Nikolayev ordinary psychiatric hospital and release; he talks about his dissident activity that brought him back to the same hospital. He also describes his contacts with Ukrainian dissident movement at the end of 1980s and how he got on the list of people to be assessed by the U.S. team. The details of his participation in 1989 U.S. State Department mission are discussed next. Mr. I. then shares about the long-term impact this mission made on his life, his subsequent legal rehabilitation, being taken off the psychiatric register, the removal of his psychiatric diagnosis, his life and activism after 1989. Mr. I. describes some of his most interesting campaigns. The interview ends with a brief discussion of the Russian invasion of Ukraine and how it affected Mr. I.'s life. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOlena Protsenko, a Post-doctoral Research Associate in Psychiatry and Law at the University of Virginia School of Law, conducted this interview remotely over the Zoom application.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDr. Keith talks about the role and expertise of NIMH that was crucial to the success of the 1989 U.S. psychiatric mission to the U.S.S.R. He recapitulates the main points and stumbling blocks of the negotiations with the Soviets in November 1988, various organizational aspects of the mission, as well as the interview instruments and methodology used by the American team. Dr. Keith shares his opinion about the concept of sluggish schizophrenia, its diagnostic criteria, and other factors that made it possible to abuse psychiatry in the Soviet Union. He also emphasizes Soviet life, society, and governance as of 1989. Dr. Keith discusses the Soviets' admission of \"hyperdiagnoses\" and the validity of the excuse of \"hyperdiagnoses\" from the professional point of view. He also expresses his opinion about the tone of the final report and the general context that the American team had to keep in mind when drafting it. Dr. Keith describes Schizophrenia Bulletin and his role as its editor-in-chief. He also talks about the 1990 Soviet Reciprocal Visit to the U.S.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOlena Protsenko, a Post-doctoral Research Associate in Psychiatry and Law at the University of Virginia School of Law, conducted this interview remotely over the Zoom application.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDr. Kleyman is a great source of knowledge about the ins and outs of the Soviet mental health care system as the person who had about 10 years of professional experience on the ground. He talked about the uniqueness of his role during the American psychiatric mission to the U.S.S.R. that resulted from him being a native Russian speaker and being well familiar with life in the Soviet Union. Dr. Kleyman discusses the social and political context that surrounded the 1989 U.S. State Department visit and made it possible in the first place; the doctor patient relationship in the U.S.S.R.; Soviet diagnostic approaches and the role of Soviet psychiatrists during the American visit. Dr. Kleyman recalls his unique trip to Moscow Psychiatric Hospital # 5 to briefly speak with the patient who was claimed by the Soviets to have refused examination. He also talks about his experience as a member of the 1991 W.P.A. mission to the U.S.S.R.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOlena Protsenko, a Post-doctoral Research Associate in Psychiatry and Law at the University of Virginia School of Law, conducted this interview remotely over the Zoom application.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMr. Kovalev tells about the role of various domestic and international actors in the process of democratization of the U.S.S.R. in the late 1980s and bringing human rights into the Soviet Union. He also assesses the political factors of the early 1980s that allowed Gorbachev come to power and retain it. Mr. Kovalev shares his insights about the Soviet foreign policy of the second half of 1980s-early 1990s and the U.S. - U.S.S.R. relationships. He shares his knowledge about the history of abuse of psychiatry and the reasons for resorting to it; the Soviet psychiatric register and the consequences of being on a register; the sealed instruction on involuntary commitment that existed but was not available to the public. Mr. Kovalev talks about the chain of decision making in ensuring that the American visit will actually happen and the key events on that road. He also comments on the internal tensions between the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Ministry of Health (M.O.H.) as well as the resistance put up by the M.O.H. in organizing the American visit. He also shares his views about the \"system dissidents\" in the U.S.S.R.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOlena Protsenko, a Post-doctoral Research Associate in Psychiatry and Law at the University of Virginia School of Law, conducted this interview remotely over the Zoom application.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMs. Mercer talks about her career at the APA and the role that the APA played in advocating for the rights of the persons committed to psychiatric hospitals for non-medical reasons in the USSR. She then discusses the historical context for the 1989 State Department psychiatric delegation to the Soviet Union, including the 1977 Declaration of Hawaii and the All-Union Society's walking out of the WPA in 1983 in the face of an almost certain expulsion. Being a part of the November 1988 negotiation team to the Soviet Union, Ms. Mercer shares her thoughts about the negotiation process and the Soviet's compliance with the terms agreed upon. Ms. Mercer describes the field visit to Soviet psychiatric hospitals and then talks about the Soviet's readmission to the WPA, the role the 1989 U.S. State Department played in this process, the APA's and Ms. Mercer's personal stance with regard to the readmission. Ms. Mercer concludes by discussing the difference the American visit made in the big picture.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOlena Protsenko, a Post-doctoral Research Associate in Psychiatry and Law at the University of Virginia School of Law, conducted this interview remotely over the Zoom application.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDr. Monahan talks about his professional training and the highlights of his career, his memories from the 1989 American visit to the Soviet Union, including the goals of the visit,  its organizational aspects, and its media coverage. Dr. Monahan then focuses on the forensic evaluation methods and results, the rights of psychiatric patients in the Soviet Union, conditions of their hospitalization, treatment, and hospital staffing. Dr. Monahan concludes by describing his general impressions of Moscow and Leningrad and the conclusions the American team made as a result of the visit. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOlena Protsenko, a Post-doctoral Research Associate in Psychiatry and Law at the University of Virginia School of Law, conducted this interview remotely over the Zoom application.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMr. Reddaway talks about his education and career and the way he became interested and immersed in the issue of abuse of psychiatry in the U.S.S.R. He discusses the impact that his and Sidney Bloch's 1977 and 1983 books made in the Soviet Union. He also shares his knowledge about the evolution of punitive psychiatry with each new Soviet leader. Mr. Reddaway talks about Mr. Gorbachev's personality, the political factors in the early 1980s that allowed for such a leader to emerge and retain power; the reasons for perestroika;  the peculiarities of perestroika in psychiatry versus other spheres. Mr. Reddaway gives a comprehensive overview of various internal processes in the Soviet Union at the end of 1980s that were important prerequisites for the 1989 U.S. psychiatric mission. He discusses at length the role of the WPA in the battle against the abuse of psychiatry in the Soviet Union. Mr. Reddaway also gives a detailed overview of the field inspections to Soviet psychiatric hospitals that he did as a member of the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric mission to the U.S.S.R.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOlena Protsenko, a Post-doctoral Research Associate in Psychiatry and Law at the University of Virginia School of Law, conducted this interview remotely over the Zoom application.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe interview with Dr. Regier is of critical importance for the comprehensive retrospective evaluation of the long-term impact of the 1989 State Department investigative mission to the U.S.S.R. Dr. Regier not only played a key role in the preparation and implementation of the mission, but also successfully continued to help develop the quality and accessibility of mental health services in Russia after the U.S.S.R. collapse. Dr. Regier also continued to tackle the issue of psychiatric abuse in China.  \nIn his interview, Dr. Regier gives a historical overview of the development of diagnostic criteria that was subsequently used during the U.S. State Department investigative mission to the U.S.S.R. relating to psychiatric abuse. This interview provides a great description of the methodology used during the interviews. Dr. Regier also describes the NIMH goals, unique role and contribution to the 1989 mission and shares his insights about the factors that made it possible to weaponize psychiatry against dissidents in the Soviet Union. Dr. Regier also tells about his role in the work of Gore-Chernomyrdin Commission in the area on mental health care in Russia post the Soviet Union breakup.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOlena Protsenko, a Post-doctoral Research Associate in Psychiatry and Law at the University of Virginia School of Law, conducted this interview remotely over the Zoom application.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDr. Roth describes his training and the highlights of his career; he then tells how he became interested in the issue of abuse of psychiatry in the U.S.S.R. His two human rights trips to the U.S.S.R. in 1985 and 1986 are discussed next. Dr. Roth then gives an overview of the general political background to the visit and tensions between him and Ambassador Schifter about some critical aspect of the visit. Dr. Roth then describes in detail the negotiation process between the U.S. and Soviet side, the main stumbling blocks, how he managed to overcome them, and who were his allies. Dr. Roth describes the Soviet uncooperativeness and tensions between the Ministry of Health and Ministry of Foreign Affairs. He then talks about informed consents, interview procedures, and the visit dynamics. He shares some anecdotes and most memorable events; he also talks about the people who meaningfully contributed to making the mission successful.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOlena Protsenko, a Post-doctoral Research Associate in Psychiatry and Law at the University of Virginia School of Law, conducted this interview remotely over the Zoom application.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMr. S. describes his early years, how his dissident views formed, his first arrest under Article 70 of the Criminal Code, his expert psychiatric evaluation at the Serbsky Institute, and the judicial procedure that followed. He describes his subsequent commitment in an 'ordinary' psychiatric hospital and shares insights about the internal regulations, regime, and the release procedure. He also talks about his next arrest and the legal aspects of it. Mr. S. shares his views about whether Soviet psychiatrists seriously believed that 'failure to adapt to the society' was a sign of mental illness and whether they can be blamed for presumably following the orders from above.  Mr. S. proceedes to describe his transfer to a special psychiatric hospital, the mass release of political prisoners in 1987, the reasons for such a drastic change of the political course in the Soviet Union, and gives an overview of the U.S. – U.S.S.R. relationship in the second half of the twentieth century. He then talks about how the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric mission to the U.S.S.R. fit into the broader human rights negotiations in the CSCE. Mr. S. tells how he taken off the psychiatric register\nand legally rehabilitated; he talks about the destiny of the Criminal Code 'political' articles 70 and 190-1 and current political articles in Russian Criminal Code used to suppress dissent.\nMr. S. shares about his life and political activity after 1989, his subsequent arrests, and his assessment of the evolution of civil and political freedom in Russia after 1989.\nHe then talks about the future of Russia, his own future as a dissident in Russia, and his views about the Russian war in Ukraine.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOlena Protsenko, a Post-doctoral Research Associate in Psychiatry and Law at the University of Virginia School of Law, conducted this interview remotely over the Zoom application.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn addition to the oral history given in 2022, this file contains a recording of an interview that Mr. S gave on March 2, 1989.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMs. Smith shares her memories about interpreting for both 1989 U.S. State Department delegation and the 1991 WPA delegation to the Soviet Union. She explains how this experience compares to the other interesting projects she has been involved in throughout her career. She describes her most prominent memories about this job as well as the Soviet Union as of 1989. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOlena Protsenko, a Post-doctoral Research Associate in Psychiatry and Law at the University of Virginia School of Law, conducted this interview remotely over the Zoom application.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDr. Stern describes his career and his pathway from the Soviet Union to the U.S. He shares his insights about some aspects of Soviet history, the issue of psychiatric abuse, its roots and reasons the Soviet government resorted to psychiatry to oppress dissent. Dr. Stern talks about the major differences between special psychiatrist hospitals vs. ordinary psychiatrist hospitals and gives some excellent illustrations of \"symptoms\" that the Soviet school of psychiatry considered signs of mental disorder. Dr. Stern shares his opinion as to the reasons why Soviet psychiatrists engaged in unethical practices. Dr. Stern describes the field trip in great detail, including some anecdotes and specific instances. He concludes by identifying the most important changes needed in Soviet psychiatry at the time and assesses the overall success of the American mission to the Soviet Union. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOlena Protsenko, a Post-doctoral Research Associate in Psychiatry and Law at the University of Virginia School of Law, conducted this interview remotely over the Zoom application.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis file includes correspondence with Richard Schifter and Robert van Voren.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection is divided into two series. The first series, \"abuse of psychiatry and psychiatrists\", consists of subject files compiled by Dr. Loren Roth, Professor of Psychiatry at the University of Pittsburgh. They are evidence of Dr. Roth's efforts to stop the abuse of psychiatry and psychiatrists for political reasons, with an emphasis on the former Soviet Union. The subject files contain correspondence, articles, reports, evaluations, meeting minutes, agendas, planning materials, diaries, photographs, memoranda, handwritten notes, programs, books, videotapes, ephemera, and other items. Together, these materials date from around 1950 to 2008. However the bulk of them date from the 1970s to the 1990s, when Dr. Roth participated in U.S. delegations to the former Soviet Union and was part of the American Psychological Association's (APA) Committees on Human Rights and International Abuse of Psychiatry and Psychiatrists.","\nThe second series consists of materials that were gathered and produced for the \"Retrospective Review of the 1989 U.S. State Department Psychiatric Mission to the U.S.S.R.\" project. These materials include oral history interviews with individuals involved with the 1989 mission, a 1989 recorded interview with a psychiatric patient, project correspondence, biographical files, interview minutes, and an organizational chart. Most of the items in this series date from the time of the project, 2021 to 2022.","This series consists of subject files that Dr. Loren Henry Roth assembled and used while working to stop the abuse of psychiatry and psychiatrists for political reasons, emphasizing abuse in the former Soviet Union. The files contain correspondence, memoranda, meeting documents, articles, reports, lists, forms, evaluations, photographs, diaries, and other materials.","World Psychiatric Association Proposed Declaration of Hawaii; \"Honolulu Paper\": Somerville, John: \"Ethics and Psychiatry,\" (1977); Committee of French Psychiatrists Against The Political Uses of Psychiatry Special Bulletin, the World Congress of Psychiatry in Hawaii; newspaper clippings from Hawaiian newspapers (1977). APA white paper: \"Misuse and Abuse of Psychiatry in the U.S.: A definition and Discussion,\" (1991); correspondence and papers of Paul Chodoff, (1989-1990 and undated); Helmchen, H. and A. Okasha: \"From the Hawaii Declaration to the Declaration of Madrid,\" Acta Psychiatr Scand 200:101: 2023","Copy of the Report to the Board of Trustees, American Psychiatric Association of the Ad Hoc Committee on the Use of Psychiatric Institutions for the Commitment of Political Dissenters (1972); Boekovski Berichten Bukovsky News: The Case of Irina Grivnina (1985?); Statement of Dr. Algirdas Statkevicius to the Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe (1988); copy of letter from Peter Reddaway to Viktor Nakas, Leon Stern, Robert van Voren and Algirdas Statkevicius (1989); copy of translation of SB case (1987-1989); U.S. Helsinki Watch Committee [memorandum] re Shatravka Family (1988); Committee of Concerned Scientists, Inc \"Call for Action for Three Soviet Former Prisoners of Conscience,\" (1988); and newspaper clippings mainly of Pyotr G. Grigorenko and Anatoly Koryagin","\"Special Report, The Medical Profession and the Prevention of Torture,\" The New England Journal of Medicine (October 1985); \"Sowing fear: The Uses of Torture and Psychological Abuse in Chile,\" A Report by Physicians for Human Rights (October 1988); Proposal. Center for Rehabilitation of Torture Victims [RCT], New York, NY and Roseland, New Jersey (undated); RCT International Newsletter on Treatment and Rehabilitation of Torture Victims (1990-1991); RCT IRCT [International Rehabilitation Council for Torture Victims]: Torture [packet of documents] (1991-1992); Jacobsen, Lone and Pete Vesti: Torture Survivors – a New Group of Patients, The Danish Nurses Organization, 1990; Canadian Centre for Victims of Torture","Human Rights Task Force of the APA survey on human rights organizations (1984); Human Rights Survey Responses (1988); Human Rights Cases Monitored by the APA (1990); photocopy of European Convention on Human Rights Collected Texts, Strasbourg, 1965.  Folder includes an incomplete set of The World Medical Association press releases (1975-1990), printed materials and news clippings","Documents from the Ninth Session of the U.S.-U.S.S.R. Joint Committee for Health Cooperation, (1988-11-17); Trip Report – P.H.S. Delegation Visit to the Soviet Union  November 13-20, 1988 Ninth U.S.-U.S.S.R. Health Committee Meeting (1989-01-25); Summary of Cooperation in Health Between the US Public Health Service and the Ministry of Health of the U.S.S.R. (1989-01-26); Peter Henry thoughts re Implications of Trip for U.S.-Soviet Health Agreement (1989-02-02)","Roth's printed account of trip that he made with Rabbi Mark Staitman, Larry Hurwitz, cardiologist;  Harold and Esther Garfinkel, community leaders; Joy Weber, science writer, and Rabbi Jonathan Stein. September 20-October 1, 1986. (2 versions)","Dr. Roth and Ambassador Schifter's preliminary planning documents for the U.S. mission to the U.S.S.R. in April of 1988.","APA Memorandum re \"use of psychiatry for political purposes\" (1988-03-21); [USSR] Regulations for Psychiatric Hospitals, LS No. 124600 JS/AO Russian, Appendix to Decree No. 225 of the USSR Ministry of Public Health, 21 March 1988; Pre-summit discussions. Report of Soviet Contact (1988-03-23): Gennadi N. Milyokhin, M.D. visit to Parklawn;  [Unedited] On the Record Briefing of Richard Schifter, Assistant Secretary of State for Human Rights and Humanitarian Affairs,  March 25, 1988","Peter Reddaway: \"Will Perestroika End Political Abuse in Soviet Psychiatry?\" (1988-07-03); copy of pages 5-6 of \"Argumenty I fakty\" No. 11/1987, [Reporter V. Romanenko interviews with  Dr. Marat Vartanyan (1987- 03-21-27)]; anonymous draft \"Ground Rounds\", \"Abuses in Soviet Psychiatry\" (undated); Karklins, Rasma: \"The Dissent/Coercion Nexus in the USSR, Working Paper #36, Soviet Interview Project (1987-05); Roth's handwritten notes; copies of printed materials related to Soviet psychiatry; annotated copy of Berman, Harold J.: Soviet Criminal Law and Procedure. The RSFR Codes. Cambridge, Harvard University Press, 1977, pp. 3-124","Stipulations for Delegation of U.S. Psychiatrists and Other Experts Visiting the USSR (1988-11-09); Roth's handwritten notes. Also Ellen Mercer U.S.S.R. Trip Confidential  Report (1988 -11) and Saleem A. Shah Department of Health and Human Services Report on International Travel (1988-11-18). Correspondence to Alexander A. Churkin  with documents: US-Soviet Understanding for Delegation of US Psychiatrists and Other Experts Visiting the USSR; \"Discussions\"; Consent Forms for Persons Interviewed and of Relatives and Friends (1988-12-19)","re assesment of Soviet Psychiatry (1988-08-04), memorandum re \"Sensible Tactics re U.S. Delegation on Soviet Psychiatry; human rights and Soviet Psychiatry; \"things to do; Roth's notes; and Roth: \"Uses of Psychiatry in the U.S.S.R. and U.S.A,\" Browning Hoffman Lecture, UVA School of LAw (1988-10-07).","International Association on the Political Use of Psychiatry [IAPUP]: Information Bulletin Nos. 3, 9, 11, 18-21; also copy of \"II. The Case of All-Union Society (undated). Soviet Psychiatry News, vol. 1, nos. 1-2 (1989)","US State Department Soviet Psychiatric Project Delegation to the Soviet Union Planning Trip – correspondence, telegrams, memoranda re: negotiations, support and concerns, instructions, logistics for the trip. Correspondence with Soviet and US officials, and other psychiatrists. Summary of discussions with Ambassador Richard Schifter (1989-02-11); comments from Saleem Shah (1989-02-10); from Robert van Voren, Ellen Mercer, Dr. Edward Kelty and others.","This sub-series contains materials related to the organization, planning and logistics of the trip, as well as background information about the psychiatric abuse in the U.S.S.R.","This file contains memoranda, handwritten notes, list of participants, questionnaires, Forensic Interview Schedule, and Interpersonal Personality Disorder Examination (IPDE).","DSM-III-R Criteria Checklist (1988-05-23; Structural Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R Patient Version (1988-06-01) SCID-NP/OP Psychotic Screening (1988-06-01); Instruction Manual for the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R (1988 and 1989)","DSM-III-R Criteria Checklist (1988-05-23; Structural Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R Patient Version (1988-06-01) SCID-NP/OP Psychotic Screening (1988-06-01); Instruction Manual for the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R (1988 and 1989)","Russian version of IPDE (1989-02-16); Russian version of Revised SCID Standardized Clinical Study According to DSM-III-PD Criteria (SKID) (1991-04); Russian version of World Psychiatric Association visit to the USSR Forensic Examination (1991-03)","The reports were written by doctors Jonas Rappeport, M.D., Vladimir Levit, MD., Samuel J. Keith, M.D, Darrell A. Regier, M.D., Loren Roth, M.D., Felix Kleyman, M.D., Joseph Bloom, M.D., William. T. Carpenter, M.D., Robert Hirschfeld, M.D., Alla Arsenian (interpreter); Elmore Rigamer, M.D., Joel Klein; Boris Shostokovich, M.D.; John Monahan; Nancy Andreason, M.D.; William Farrand.","Reports of forensic evaluations done in Moscow and Leningrad by Jonas R. Rappeport, John Monahan, Joseph D. Bloom; draft of Roth's \"Patient Sample –Description. Methodological Issues – Obstacles\" (1989-04-10); assessments and handwritten notes re patients; Russian document with translation re patients (undated); Roth's notes on various interviewees (1991-02-07)","The materials in this file include Roth's letters to persons who he wished to interview but didn't; U.S. Department of State \"transliteration\" of names (1989-04-04) and inventory of status of cases (1989-04-05)","\"Delegation of US Psychiatrists Issues Press Statement\" signed by members of the US Psychiatric Delegation: Nancy Andreasen, M. D.; Joseph D. Bloom, M.D.; Richard J. Bonnie; William T. Carpenter, M.D.; Robert M. A. Hirschfeld, M. D.; Samuel J. Keith, M.D.; Joel Klein; Felix L. Kleyman, M.D.; Vladimir A. Levit, M.D.;  David Lozovsky, M. D.; Ellen Mercer, John Monahan, PhD; Jonas R. Rappeport, M.D.; Peter B. Reddaway, Ph.D; Darrel A. Regier, MD.D., M.P.H.; Elmore E. Rigamer, M.D.; Leon Stern, M.D.; Harold M. Visotsky, M. D.]","Testimonies of Darrel A. Regier, Robert W. Farrard, Peter Reddaway, Robert van Voren, Loren H. Roth; statement of Steny H. Hoyer; LHR's handwritten notes; correspondence; responses, printed materials; draft I Report of the U.S. Delegation and Preliminary Soviet Reply: Brief Analysis of Points of Agreement and Disagreement; Loren H. Roth Final Report of the US Delegation to Assess Recent Changes in Soviet Psychiatry. Objectives and Execution of the Visit. American Psychiatric Association Annual Meeting, New York, NY, May 15 1990; some correspondence and memoranda related to CSCE meetings in Copenhagen (June 1990); and copy of U.S. Report (speech) on CSCE – Moscow (1991-10-02)","Copy of Reddaway's Trip to Moscow, October 29-November 2, 1988; memo re: \"The difficult situation we are in: how should we proceed,\" (1989, 02-19); notes on Soviet Psychiatry Developments (1990-01-20); copy of \"Trip to Moscow, August 20-30, 1992.\"","\"Dissent and Disorder: Human Rights in Soviet Psychiatry,\" (1989-07-); copy of unauthored paper; \"The Legacy of Psychiatric Abuse in the U.S.S.R.,\" (undated); Russian version and translation of \"Proceedings of the session of Working Party formulating the draft law on 'Psychiatric Help in the U.S.S.R.',\" (1991-02-14)","\"Soviet Access to and Utilization of Mental Health Services: A Comparative View,\"  paper presented at the National Conference on Soviet Refugee Health and Mental Health, Chicago, IL (1991-12-11); Isaac Ray Lectures: \"The Future of the Doctor-Patient Relationship. Lesson from Two Cultures, The Former Soviet Union and the United States,\" Discussants: Loren H. Roth, M.D., Dean Eckenrode, George Huber, J.D., Mark Schmidhofer, M.D. (1998-05-07)","\"The New Soviet Legislation on the Provision of Psychiatric Care,\" speech delivered at the symposium of the International Association on the Political Use of Psychiatry, Washington, D.C., (1988-10-14); Koryagin: \"A Green Light of Injustice,\" Zurich, (1988-12-20); notes from Boris Zoubok, M.D.; copy of \"Law of the USSR on the protection of the rights and legal interests of persons suffering from psychiatric disorders and on the grounds and procedures for the administration of psychiatric care,\" (1990-10-08); Roth's Notes on Meeting of USSR Supreme Soviet Committee on Mental Health Law, Moscow (1990-10-26); copy of Smit, Jonna: \"Human Rights and Mental Health Legislation: the USSR,\" (1991-05-21); van Voren, Robert: \"Ukrainian Psychiatry: Starting from Scratch,\" (undated); Regulations on a psychiatric hospital (Положение о психиатрической больнице), [printed Russian document] CCCP, No. 225, 1988; printed materials and news clippings, 1988-2004; Patients in Psychiatric Hospital Requiring Follow-up and Review – interview methodology, list, memoranda","Draft and confidential memorandum of meeting with Minister of the Department of Humanitarian Affairs [Yuri A.] Reshetov. Also interview methodology and memoranda.","Kazan Special Psychiatric Hospital, Vilnius Ordinary Hospital, Kaunas Hospital, Chernyashovsk Special Psychiatric Hospital","Richard J. Bonnie draft; \"Legal and Humanitarian Aspects of Soviet Psychiatry: Some Preliminary Conclusions\" (1989-03-28); also comments on Klein's and Reddaway reports (1989-04 to 1989-05); LHR Confidential Drafts #1-5 (1989-05-19-31); Objectives of the Clinical Interviews (1989-05-22); Dr. Harold M. Visotsky Response to Joel Kline (1989-05-30); Hospital Team Report by Harold Visotsky, Elmore Rigamer, and Loren H. Roth (1989-05-30); remarks from Joe Bloom (1989-06-05); Richard Bonnie: Note to Members of the US Delegation to the Soviet Union (1989-06-16); Bill Farrad; Executive Summary [annotated] (1989-06-20); \"USSR Psychiatrists at a Human Rights Round Table in Moscow in April 1988,\" annotated copy of attachment sent by Joel Kline to Roth (undated); Vladimir A. Levit comments (1989-06-26); Saleem [Shah]: Soviet Compliance and Study Limitations (1989-06-28) and comments (1989-06-26); Peter Reddaway draft (1989-06-28) [2 folders], 1989-03 to 1989-06","Also: State Department \"rough translation\" of Soviet response: \"Response to the medical part of the report by the U.S. delegation of psychiatrists and lawyers,\" (1989-07-06); Draft translation of the final Soviet comments on the report: Commentary on the Report [130008 JS/AO Russian] (1989-09-26); U.S. Department of State Memorandum re Comments on the Soviet response to the Report (1989-10-12); printed Russian document inscribed by Polubinskaya to Loren H. Roth: [Academy of Sciences of the U.S.S.R., Soviet State and Right. Separate Report, Moscow 1990];  translation of S. V. Polubinskaya and S. V. Borodin: \"The Legal Problems of Soviet Psychiatry: The Views of American and Soviet Experts,\" Soviet State Law, No. 5, 1990, pp. 67-76","Resolution of the WPA (1989-10-17); WPA Statement by the All Union Society of Soviet Psychiatrists and Narcologists of the U.S.S.R. before the World Psychiatric Association General Assembly in Athens (1989-10-18); Memorandum re: Site Visit by the WPA Review Committee to the U.S.S.R. (1990-03-13); Reddaway, Peter: The Struggle over Reform in Soviet Psychiatry Intensifies: Is the Establishment Beginning to Panic? (1990-04-30); Remarks by Svetlana Poloubinskaya at the APA's Committee of International Abuse of Psychiatry and Psychiatrists (1990-05-16)","APA correspondence with the Center for Democracy in the U.S.S.R., U.S. Department of State, (Schifter and Mercer); University of London Institute of Psychiatry, 1989-05 to 1989-11. Also, miscellaneous correspondence with literary agents (1989-03 to 1989-04)","Translations of A.  Karpov, Chief Psychiatrist, U.S.S.R. Ministry of Health: \"The Registration of Mental Patients in the U.S.S.R.\" (1990-10-25) and \"Basic Findings of the Conclusion of the U.S.S.R. Constitutional Supervision Committee on Whether Legislation for the Compulsory Treatment and Re-Education of Through Labour of Persons Suffering from Alcoholism or Drug-Addiction Conforms to the U.S.S.R. Constitution and International Enactments on Human Rights,\" by B. M. Lazarev, Deputy Chairman of the USSR Constitutional Supervision Committee (1990-10-25). Also Saleem A. Shah: \"Forensic Interview Schedule\". Correspondence with Otto Dorr Zegers, Csaba Banki, M.P. Deva, Driss Moussaoui, Jim Birley, and Gerard Low-Geer","Correspondence with Dr. Otto Dörr-Zegers (Chile); Dr. Csava Bànki (Hungary); Dr. M. P. Deva (Malaysia); Dr. Driss Moussaoui (Morocco); Dr. Jim Birley (WPA Negotiating Team); Dr. Gerard Low-Greer (England).","Included are: Gostin, Larry: \"Human Rights in Mental Health: Japan. Report of an international mission to Japan: 1987,\"  World Health Organization/Harvard University International Collaborating Center on Health Legislation, World Federation for Mental Health [1987]; Kawasaki, Shigeru: \"Like a Shedding Snake,\" English Summary, J. JAPH 2:2 Spring 1991; news-clippings.","Correspondence with Ellen Mercer re Singapore (1985-09-18); UN Commission on Human Rights E/CN. 4 Sub.2/1988/23: Report on the Sessional Working Group on the question of persons detained on the grounds of mental ill-health or suffering from mental disorder; Proceedings. International Forum on Mental Health Reform, Kyoto, Japan, January 29-30, 1987; Benatar, S. R.: correspondence and articles (1990); Final draft of the \"UN Principles Produced by the Working Group on Human Rights,\" Annex A Principles for the Protection of Persons with Mental Illness and for the Improvement of Mental Health Care","The sub-series consists of materials Loren Roth collected as part of his work on this committee. These include meeting minutes and agendas, correspondence, reports, articles, clippings, memoranda, and other items.","APA lists of cases in the U.S.S.R., Yugoslavia and Romania (1988-07-05); memo for the record re Soviet dissidents","APA minutes of meeting (1988-09-07); Draft Statement Following Discussion with Dr. Sabshin; APA Draft Resolution by the Committee on International Abuse of Psychiatry to not object to the re-admittance of  the All-Union Society of Psychiatrists and Neuropathologists of the USSR into the WPA (1988-09-07); minutes of the APA Committee on Human Rights (1988-09-09); some correspondence, (1988 -09)","Minutes of conference call (1989-02-15); correspondence; IAPUP documents re to Soviet psychiatry (1989-02); copy of Dr. Marvin Brook handwritten comments on the By-Laws of the WPA (undated); Application of the Independent Psychiatric Association of the USSR (IPA) for membership to the WPA, includes Constitution and Declaration (1989-03-09); APA Guidelines for Psychiatric Services in Jails and Prisons; APA draft guidelines on the Right of Refuse (Anti-Psychotic) Medication.","Includes some correspondence and documents: Memorandum re Revision of the WPA Review Committee's Operational Instrument ( 1989-04-270; translation of letter from Nikolai Fedrovich Zhukov to US Congress (1989-03-04); IAPUP Documents on the Political Abuse of Psychiatry in the USSR 18: The Founding of the Association of Independent Psychiatrists in the USSR and the US Delegation of Psychiatrist to the USSR (March 1989); IAPUP Report and brochures, 1989-04","Memorandum re Detention of Cuban psychiatrist Dr. Alfredo Samuel Martínez Lara (1989-04-19); WPA Proposed alterations (1989-04 -25); copy of entrance application of the International Independent Research Centre on Psychiatry to the WPA (1989-03-27), news clippings; Dr. Marat Vartanian original article sent to the International Journal on Mental Health","Included are: Ellen Mercer and Fini Schulsinger interviews with Radio Canada (1989-03); and \"rough\" transcripts of  Radio Free Europe with Viktor Lanovoy, President of the Independent Association of Psychiatrists (1989-06-15); Croatian Committee for Human Rights press release re human rights abuses (1989-06-24); [translation] of M. Buyanov articles in Uchitelskaya Gazeta (1988-11-19); Association Psychiatric Independent (IPA) press release (1989-04-12); Commission of the European Communities: \"Observations on the State of Implementation of Programme of Psychiatrists Reform in Greece,: (1987-12-31); IAPUP Documents Special Issue: \"The Political Abuse of Psychiatry in Rumania (June 1989);  IAPUP Documents on the Political Abuse of Psychiatry Nos. 22, 23, 24, 25 (June-July 1989)","Includes Summary of the WPA Executive Committee in Athens and Resolutions (1989-08-18); excerpts of anonymous document \"Autumm 1988, Gerlovka\" re abuse in the USSR ; printed articles, news clippings","Includes unofficial translation of  Statement by the All-Union Scientific Society of Psychiatrists (1989-10-02); Remarks of Christian Barton Concerning Allegations of Psychiatric Abuse of Dissidents by the Cuban Government (1989-09-13); Sabshin, Melvin: Statement to the Subcommittee on Health and Environment of the US House of Representatives re APA position on Soviet psychiatric practices (undated); Testimony of Victor Davidoff, former victim of abuse in the Soviet Union (undated); Commentary on the Report \"Assessment of Recent Changes in Soviet Psychiatry, prepared by the US Delegation on the Results of its visit to the USSR,\" (1989-09-15); IPA bulletins (1989 -08-07 and 1989-08-31); news clippings","Includes: Liaison Report (1989-10); Gluzman, Semyon: \"Bureaucratic Ethics and Soviet Psychiatry,\" (1989-11) and Commentary on the Memorandum of G. Lukacher (1989-10-14) re All Union Scientific Society of Psychiatrists; translation of A.I. letter \"To the World Congress of the WPA,\" (1989-10-16); translation of letter from Social Organizations in Leningrad To the Participants in the Congress of the WPA (Athens, Greece, October 1989); Schifter, Richard: \"An Inventory of Soviet Human Rights Developments\" (1989-10-04); IAPUP Documents on the Political Abuse of Psychiatry in the USSR No. 29, 30","Some copies of  documents related to the former Yugoslavia; lists of interments and releases in the Soviet Union (1989-12-21); draft translation of [Sotsialisticheskaya Industriya] A Detail report: Psychiatry Without Secrets (1989-10-31); Documents on the Political Abuse of Psychiatry in the Soviet Union 31 (1989-12); WPA Minutes (1989-08-11-13)","Correspondence related to abuses in Cuba; Pena, Jose M. et al: \"Abuse and Misuse of Psychiatry in the U.S.: The Need for an Institutional Ethics,\" (1990-02); list of human rights cases monitored by the APA in Argentina, Bulgaria, Cuba, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Malawi, Morocco, Romania, South Africa, Sudan, Turkey, Uruguay, Yugoslavia, Zaire (1990-02-06); Mercer, Ellen: USSR Trip Report/February 25-March 3, 1990","Includes: Second World Center Annual Report 1989 and APA Statement on Simón Bolívar Award and Lecture (1990-02-15)","Correspondence re Cuban psychiatrists (1990-04); Keston College Support Group: \"Igor Rodionov Report\" (1990-04); Yelena Izyumova Open Letter to the Members of the APA, Moscow May 20, 1990; anonymous essay re : Psychiatric Abuse in the USSR (Helsinki Watch), undated","Also: \"Proposed New Policies for the APA in Regard to the Abuse of Psychiatry for Political and Other Non-Medical Purposes in the USSR,\" (undated)","Includes copy of Human Rights Survey Responses (1988-04-01) and reports of the Council on International Affairs, Committee on Human Rights and Committee on International Education","Includes reports of the Council on International Affairs, Committee on Human Rights and Committee on International Education; memoranda re IAPUP meetings in Germany (1990-09); letter from Dr. Jeffrey Heller to the Committee on Abuse of Psychiatry re Soviet Delegation at H and CP Institute (1990-10-10); Documents on the Political Abuse of Psychiatry in the USSR No. 38 (1990-09)","Includes correspondence from Dr. Valerian Tuculesco re post-traumatic stress disorder after the Romanian revolution (1990-10); correspondence re Oleg Vitalyevich Kozlov re hijacked plane to Helsinki (1990-11); American Ambassadors People to People Trip to the USSR 14-27 August 1990 \"Professional Diary\" compiled by E. B. Brody (1990-09-05);  \"Psychiatric Issues Encountered on Recent Trip to USSR,\" memorandum from Holt Ruffin (World Without War) (1990-10-25); Hartmann, Lawrence M.D.: \"Notes on Some Social Psychiatric Problems in Chile, South Africa and the Soviet Union,\" (1990-10); Documents on the Political Abuse of Psychiatry in the USSR Nos. 39, 40, 41; documents relative to the Joint APA-Caribbean Psychiatric Association Meeting; Ellen Mercer: China Trip Report (1990-11)","Includes reports of the Committee on International Education; Final draft of the UN Principles for the Protection of Persons with Mental Illness and for the Improvement of Mental Health Case (1990-12-11); \"Sugar, Jonathan M.D. et al: \"Psychiatry's Global Challenge: Responsibilities of American Psychiatrists in International Health (undated)","Includes letter from Dr. Dainiys Pūras re abuse of psychiatry in Lithuania (1991-01-19); correspondence re abuse in Romania (1991-02-08); \"Proposal for The Moscow Center for Rehabilitation of Torture Victims (undated)","Includes correspondence and document re abuses in Romania; correspondence between Dr. Roth, Gennadi Milyokhin, Juan José López-Ibor, re Revaz Uturgaury (1991-03); correspondence re Soviet individuals","Includes CIOMS: Development of International, Ethical Guidelines for Epidemiological Research and Practice, Plenary III Issues related to the HIV/AIDS Pandemic. Proposed Guidelines for International Testing of Vaccines and Drugs against HIV Infection and Aids (1990-11); copies of correspondence between and V. Tuculescu re Romania; Reddaway, Peter: Psychiatric Developments in the USSR (1991-06) and \" Problems of Reforming Soviet Psychiatry and Assuring Rights for the Mentally Ill,\" (undated); \"The Heartbeat of Reform. Soviet Jurists and Political Scientists Discuss the Progress of Perestroika, Glasnot, Democracy, Socialism,\" Translated from the Russian by Vic Schneierson, Moscow, [1991]; Documents on the Political Abuse of Psychiatry in the USSR No. 47, 48","Includes reports of the Council on International Affairs, Committee on Human Rights and Committee on International Education. Also includes several documents dated September 1991: Memo for the Record Briefing Meeting for the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences Human Rights Study Group (1991-09-24); USSR Draft Law (17 June 91) on Psychiatric Assistance; Ministry of Health, USSR, All-Union Society of Psychiatrists Governing Board Decision (1991-05-15-16); WPA Memorandum to the All-Union Society of Psychiatrists (1991-07-28); Dr. Stanislaw Golec: \"Health Care in Poland 91\"; \"Instructional Recommendations on the Application of USSR Ministry of Health Order No. 555 (1989-09-19); WPA documents; International Committee of the Red Cross Report on \"Second Working Group of Experts on Battlefield Laser Weapons,\" (1990-11-05-06)","Includes \"copy of a part\" of Japanese Mental Health Law with translation (1988); translation of  \"law on patient's rights\" in Finland (1991-08); WHO Guidelines for the Clinical Investigation of Antidepressant Drugs (1984)","Includes LHR handwritten notes re Abuse Committee (1992-04); \"Cuban Dissidents in Psychiatric Hospitals An Update of the Politics of Psychiatry in Revolutionary Cuba,\"; \"Dimineata, 7th January 1992, The Mad People Were Dissidents,\" re Romania (undated); \"The Plenary Session of the Board of Directors of the All-Union Scientific Society of Psychiatrists (1992-05) and Follow-Up of US Team's 1989 Patients list, Appendices 1 and 2 sent to Dr. Birley with names of patients (1992-02); Information about the Patient Bill of Rights Tally Sheet (1992-04); Geneva Initiative on Psychiatry [GPI]: Documents on the Abolition and Prevention of Political Abuse of Psychiatry (1992-03 and 1992-04)","Includes reports of the Council on International Affairs, Committee on Human Rights and Committee on International Education. Also: Country Reports on Human Rights Practices: Yugoslavia (1992-06-01); GPI: Documents on the Abolition and Prevention of Political Abuse of Psychiatry, April – June 1992; Mercer, Ellen: Exploring Hungarian Psychiatry (1992-05)","Includes reports of the Council on International Affairs, Committee on Human Rights. Also: International Association for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Allied Professions Proclamation of May 1992: Assuring the Mental Health of Children; APA Bilateral Exchange with Poland Czechoslovakia and Hungary. Summary of Responses and Recommendations of American Participants (1992-03-24 to 1992-04-12); copy of Act of the Russian Federation \"On Psychiatric Care and Citizens' Rights With Regard to Such Care,\" (1992-01); Polubinskaya, Svetlana: \"From the USSR to the Independent States: Where the Former Soviet Psychiatry Will Go,\" (1992-05); GIP Documents on the Abolition and Prevention of Political Abuse of Psychiatry 56, June 1992","Includes reports of the Council on International Affairs, Committee on Human Rights. Also correspondence re psychiatric abuse in the former GDR, with the Romanian Psychiatric Association and the Committee to End the Chinese Gulag. \"Psychiatry Under Tyranny. An Assessment of the Political Abuse of Romanian Psychiatry During the Ceaucescu Years,\" Report of a consultative mission to Bucharest on behalf of the Geneva Initiative on Psychiatry (1992-06); GIP Documents on the Abolition and Prevention of Political Abuse of Psychiatry 57, July – August 1992","The sub-series consists of materials Loren Roth collected as part of his work with this committee. These include meeting minutes and agendas, correspondence, reports, articles, clippings, memoranda, and other items.","Included: \"Human Rights of Mental Patients in Japan,\" (1987 -04); Reich, Walter Report of Meeting with Gennadiy M. Yevstafiev (Soviet, member of the delegation to the Vienna Review Meeting) (1987-07-28); copy of letter from Senator Edward M. Kennedy to Lawrence Hartmann, M.D. re human rights violations in Paraguay (1988-04-22); World Medical Association, INC. memorandum: \"The Facts regarding health services in South Africa during 1987, and the role played by the Medical Association of South Africa,\" (1987-07- 08); Reddaway, Peter: Does Moscow's Purge of Corrupt Psychiatrists Threaten the Psychiatric Gulag?\" (1987-07-13); \"More Revelations about Stefanis' Negotiations with the Soviets (1987-09-11); Center for Victims of Torture pilot project (1987-08-28 and 1987-10); South Africa Briefing (1987-08-07); Minutes of Committee on Abuse of Psychiatry (1987-09-09 and 1987-12-02); \"Victims of Torture in Afghanistan. Presentation for Cairo World Congress\" by Mohammad Azam Dadfar (1987-10-18-22); Gralnick, Alexander M.D.: \"Public Health and Psychiatric Care in Cuba, Personal Report\" (November 1987);Political Imprisonment in Cuba. A Special Report from Amnesty International, The Cuban American Nation Foundation, 1987;  US/Soviet Human Rights Seminar: Statement by Ellen Mercer for the APA (1987-12-03). Also Bloche, Maxwell Gregg: \"Uruguay's Military Physicians: Cogs in a System of State Terror,\" (1987-03)","Miscellaneous documents: minutes, memoranda, correspondence. Included: [Argentina] Tribunal Etico de la Salud contra la Impunidad translation of statement: Medical Ethics Tribunal Against Impunity,\" (1988-01-11); Minutes of the APA Committee on Abuse of Psychiatry (1988-01-20, 1988-04-21; 1988-05-10); some documents related to South Africa, Pakistan, Argentina; Human Rights Survey Responses (1988-03-09); Amnesty International: \"China. Detention Without Trial, Ill-Treatment of Detainees and Police Shooting of Civilians in Tibet,\" (1988-02); Bitsch Christensen, Svend: \"Torture Related Documentation,\" (1987); International Commission of Jurists' Mission to Japan Preliminary Report and Recommendations (1988-04); \"The Casualties of Conflict: Medical Care and Human Rights in the West Bank and Gaza Strip,\" Report of a Medical Fact Finding Mission by Physicians for Human Rights, (1988-03); Amnesty International Commission Medicale: Medicine at Risks. The Doctor as Abuser or Victim,\" (1987-09)","Miscellaneous documents: minutes, memoranda, correspondence related to Soviet psychiatry; human rights abuses in Honduras, Czechoslovakia, Somalia, South Africa, Israel, Haiti, Cuba, Egypt, China, BahrainGudava, Eduard M.D.: \"The events in Tbilisi, Georgia  (1989-04-18); Vesti, Peter and Inge Kemp: \"Chapter I: Treatment of Torture Survivors – theoretical views,\" \"Chapter 2: Rehabilitation of Torture Survivors, \" (1989-10); Collazo, Carlos R. M.D. and Martha Gerpe M.D.: \"Missing Parents,\" Paper presented at The World Psychiatric Association, Athens, October 1989","File includes: RCT [Rehabilitation and Research Centre for Torture Victims] 7th Annual Report (1990-01); APA Position Statement on Apartheid and Academic Boycotting of South Africa (1990-01); Human Rights Cases Monitored by the APA (1990-02-01); signed Petition by doctors to recommend the APA to condemn the government of Turkey (1990-08); LHR handwritten notes of September meeting;  APA Council on International Affairs Joint Reference Committee (1990-10-12); Boyajian, Levon Z. M.D.: The Psychological Sequelae of the Armenian Genocide (1982); Leros Trip. Report on Visit to the Mental Institution on the Island of Leros, Greece (1989-12-3-5); \"'Bloody Sunday Trauma in Tbilisi. The Eents of April 9, 1989 and their Aftermath,\" Report of a Medical Mission to Soviet Georgia by Physicians for Human Rights, February 1990; printed materials.","Files include documents re Armenian Genocide and from the Free Romanian Foundation; \"Program for Administrators and Educators Specializing in Programs for People With Disabilities,\" with the Persian Gulf (1991-04); Martínez Lara, Samuel: \"Psychiatry in Cuba: Perspectives of a Human Rights Activist\" (1991-09-27);  ); National Academy of Sciences: \"Considerations Regarding Individual Scientific Visits to the People's Republic of China,\" (October 1991); also some documents about torture","Files include documents re torture in Egypt (1992-01); Dadfar, A. Azam M.D.: \"The Deep Scars of a Forgotten War, \" Psychiatry Centre for the Afghans; correspondence with Levon Z. Boyajian M.D. (1992-02); Croatian Medical Journal: \"Medical Testimony of the Vukovar Tragedy\"; memorandum re \"Abuse and Misuse of Psychiatry in the United States\" (1992-02); Committee to End the Chinese Gulag: \"On behalf of Political Prisoners in China: How to Raise Human Rights Cases,\" (1992-04); memoranda and correspondence re abuse of Palestinian physician (1992-05); APA Position Statement on Homosexuality and Civil Rights (1992-07); Americas Watch, Vol.4, Issue 7: \"Dangerous Dialogue, Attacks on Freedom of Expression in Miami's Cuban Exile Community,\" (1992-08);  Amnesty International French Section, Medical Group: \"Corporal Punishment. A study on legislation and enforcement in 18 countries,\" (1992); \"Stop Torture in Korea (STIK)\" (1998-08); APA Council on International Affairs: \"International Inpatients Bill of Rights,\" (1992-08); APA Communications Plan 1992-1994; APA: \"Human Rights and the American Psychiatric Association,\" (1992); memorandum and correspondence re abuse of psychiatry and psychiatrists in México (1992-100; US Department of State: \"Renewing the U.S. Commitment to Human Rights,\" Special Report No. 164;  printed materials","World Health Organization Assignment Report re \"mentally infirm in Romania and possibilities for improvement,\" (1991-11); Rosenberg, David R. M.D. et al: \"A Cross-Cultural Study of \"Ceausescu's Orphans,\" (1992-03); Blom, G. et al: \"Program Touch – A Volunteer Intervention Program to Orphaned Disabled Children in Romania,\" (1991-11); Roth's reappointment as APA Chairperson of the Committee on Human Rights under the Council of International Affairs, (1992-04-13); draft of A.P.A. Action Paper Rescinding the 1982 APA Position on the Insanity Defense (1992-05-01); Pierce, Chester M. M.D.: \"Public Health and Human Rights: Racism, Torture and Terrorism,\" presented at American Psychiatric Association Annual Meeting (1992-05-04)","Files include translation of Croatian pamphlet: \"Protect Yourself and Help Others (1993-02); APA Office of International Affairs: Responses to Human Rights Questionnaire,\" (1993-08-18); Citizens Support Committee for the Psychiatric Farm Hospital Dr. Manuel Ramírez Moreno (1993-7-13)","correspondence and handwritten notes","evaluation forms and printed materials","Meetings between Ukrainian doctors Semyon F. Gluzman, Vladimir I. Poltavets, Valery N. Kutznetsov, Ada I. Korotenko, Oleg A, Nasinnik, Vladimir M. Cherniavsky and Juan Mezzich, American psychiatrist from the West Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh; also some case summaries (1994-02). Russian and English translation.","extensive correspondence, reports, handwritten notes. Savychyj, Jurij M.D.: \"Psychiatry in Ukraine,\" [1992]","correspondence, Ukrainian fliers, and handwritten notes","extensive correspondence, reports, data analysis, forms, handwritten notes (1995-05), \"Codebook\"","correspondence, clinical assessment forms, and handwritten notes","Geneva Initiative on Psychiatry. Annual Reports 1992 and 1995; Documents on the Abolition and Prevention of Political Abuse of Psychiatry Nos. 65-67, 72, 74; \"Concepts for Developing Mental Health Care in Ukraine (First Draft),\" Developed by Experts of Ministry for Health Care, Kiev Research Institute of General and Forensic Psychiatry, Regional Chief Experts and Kiev Psychiatrists.","correspondence and forms","email correspondence, brochures, printed photographs","Joseph D. Bloom, Kyrill Borissow, William T. Carpenter, Robert W. Farrand, Robert M.A. Hirschfield, William H. Hopkins, Samuel Keith, Felix Kleyman, Andrei A. Kovalev, Ellen Mercer, John Monahan, Darrel A. Regier, Elmore F. Rigamer Jr, Carolyn Smith, Leon Stern","Includes: United States – Russia Health Committee 2000 – 2002, printed copies of photographs; The U.S.A. – Russia Health Committee: \"Access to Quality Health Care\" (draft), undated; \"Additional Materials on Diagnosing and Treating Mild and Moderate Depressions,\" [document in Russian with English title]","Gershman, Carl: Psychiatric Abuse in the Soviet Union,\" Society, July/August 1984; Lapenna, Ivo: \"The Medico-Legal Society. Use and Misuse of Psychiatry in the USSR,\" The Royal Society of Medicine, London 12th June 1986; McCready, John and Harold Merskey: \"Compliance by physicians with the 1978 Ontario Mental Health Act,\" Reprint from the Canadian Medical Association Journal, Vol. 124, March 15, 1981; McCready, John and Harold Merskey: \"On the Recoding of Mental Illness for Civil Commitment,\" Can. J. Psychiatry Vol. 27, March 1982; Slovenko, Ralph: Analysis. The Destiny of South Africa,\" The World and I, July 1991.","In 2021, members of the 1989 American delegation, some Soviet patients, Soviet doctors and other professionals, were invited to participate in the \"Retrospective Review of the 1989 U.S. State Department Psychiatric Mission to the USSR\" oral history project. Nineteen interviews were recorded, sixteen of them with the surviving members of the U.S. delegation, one with Andrei Kovalev, an official at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in the U.S.S.R. at the time, and two with former \"Soviet patients.\" There is also an original 1989 recording of one interview.","These interviews provide a comprehensive overview of the history of Soviet psychiatric abuse, the reasons why psychiatric diagnosis was used to suppress dissent, the methods, medical and legal procedures, and who were the major players in Soviet psychiatric abuse. Emphasis is also made on assessing the U.S.-Soviet relationship in the 1980s and the special place that the 1989 State Department psychiatric mission to the U.S.S.R. held in the détente. All stages of negotiations and preparations for the mission were discussed as well as the methodology of psychiatric evaluations and the findings of the American experts. An additional emphasis was also made on assessing the state of Soviet psychiatric care as of the late 1980s and all the significant changes it was going through at the time. The role of World Psychiatric Association (WPA), the All-Union Society of Psychiatrists and Narcologists, the American Psychiatric Association and other important organizations, is also given proper attention. The interviewees also discuss the long-term impact that the 1989 U.S. mission made on Soviet and post-Soviet psychiatry.","In the interview Dr. Bloom discusses his career, his interest in the topic of abuse of psychiatry and his involvement in the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric delegation to the U.S.S.R. He talks about the U.S. and Soviet (both Soviet professionals and Soviet interviewees) understanding of the purpose of the visit and  the Soviet's compliance with the terms negotiated for the visit. He also talks about psychiatric hospitalization, detention and commitment process in the U.S.S.R., conditions of hospitalization in Soviet psychiatric hospitals and the legal rights of persons with mental disorders in the U.S.S.R.  Dr. Bloom's explains his impressions from the trip to the Soviet Union and the conclusions made by the American delegation. ","The highlights of the interview pertain to Dr. Bloom's recollection of a Soviet person who allegedly had a mental disorder, and his opinion as to the way the American final report should have been approached.","Olena Protsenko, a Post-doctoral Research Associate in Psychiatry and Law at the University of Virginia School of Law, conducted this interview remotely over the Zoom application.","Mr. Borissow shares his life story and describes his career. He talks about getting involved in the 1989 State Department trip to the Soviet Union, his previous trips to the U.S.S.R., and the  social and political context that surrounded the visit and made it possible in the first place. Mr. Borissow describes his experience of interpreting in one of the psychiatric hospitals in Moscow as a part of the 1989 American mission as well as the work that Mr. Borissow's sub-team #3 did in Leningrad. He shares very interesting anecdotes that happened during the trip and talks about the lessons he learned during this trip.","Olena Protsenko, a Post-doctoral Research Associate in Psychiatry and Law at the University of Virginia School of Law, conducted this interview remotely over the Zoom application.","In the interview Dr. Carpenter discusses his career, his involvement in the 1989 US State Department psychiatric delegation to the USSR, the main goals of the mission, various aspects of the implementation in great detail, the diagnostic aspects of the study, interview instruments and methodology, the Soviet mental health care system and its shortcomings, the conclusions made by Dr. Carpenter's sub-team, the impact the American visit made to the interviewed individuals an mental health in the region. ","Dr. Carpenter also discusses the United States - Great Britain cross-national study of schizophrenia conducted in the 1960s and 70s and its pertinency to the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the U.S.S.R. He also talks about the broad diagnostic criteria for sluggish schizophrenia and how much contributed to the missuse of psychiatry in the Soviet Union.","Olena Protsenko, a Post-doctoral Research Associate in Psychiatry and Law at the University of Virginia School of Law, conducted this interview remotely over the Zoom application.","Ambassador Farrand talks about his long successful career in the U.S. State Department, the importance of the Soviet psychiatric abuse to the U.S. government and the larger context of the U.S. - U.S.S.R. relationships. As a person who worked closely with Ambassador Richard Schifter for many years, Mr. Farrand describes Schifter's goals and vision of the 1989 psychiatric mission to the U.S.S.R. ","Mr. Farrand describes the process of negotiating the terms of the visit and shares insights about interacting with a superpower as the Soviet Union was at that time. He also talks about the the peculiarities of governance in the U.S.S.R., and power dynamics inside the country. Mr. Farrand describes the efforts to preserve transparency and independence of the mission as well as managing its financial aspects and its highlighting in media. Mr. Farrand also talks about glasnost, perestroika, and the collapse of the Soviet Union.","Olena Protsenko, a Post-doctoral Research Associate in Psychiatry and Law at the University of Virginia School of Law, conducted this interview remotely over the Zoom application.","Dr. Hirschfeld shares memories about his education and career, the way he got involved in the 1989 State Department psychiatric mission to the U.S.S.R., the methodological approach to the patient interviews, the range of findings of his sub-team # 3 in Leningrad, and his general impressions of the Soviet Union as of 1989.","Olena Protsenko, a Post-doctoral Research Associate in Psychiatry and Law at the University of Virginia School of Law, conducted this interview remotely over the Zoom application.","Mr. Hopkins talks at length about the way he became immersed in the Russian studies, his education, and career. He well remembers the settings and arrangements of interviewing the Soviet citizens who allegedly had mental disorders, his expectations and apprehensions about the upcoming 1989 mission, the types of questions asked of the Soviet interviewees, and the peculiarities of his task as an interpreter during this unique venture. He also mentions the debrief that the entire American team had in Washington, D.C. after the visit was over.","Olena Protsenko, a Post-doctoral Research Associate in Psychiatry and Law at the University of Virginia School of Law, conducted this interview remotely over the Zoom application.","Mr. I. talks about his early life, family, education, how his dissident views formed and evolved with time. He shares about his repeated contacts with psychiatric system; he also describes his social and political activity and the repercussions he faced as a result. Mr. I. then tells about his criminal case, his forensic psychiatric evaluation, diagnosis, \"symptoms\", finding of non-imputability, the legal procedure used to involuntarily commit him to the Dnepropetrovsk special psychiatric hospital, and the inhumane conditions there. \nMr. I. then describes his transfer to Nikolayev ordinary psychiatric hospital and release; he talks about his dissident activity that brought him back to the same hospital. He also describes his contacts with Ukrainian dissident movement at the end of 1980s and how he got on the list of people to be assessed by the U.S. team. The details of his participation in 1989 U.S. State Department mission are discussed next. Mr. I. then shares about the long-term impact this mission made on his life, his subsequent legal rehabilitation, being taken off the psychiatric register, the removal of his psychiatric diagnosis, his life and activism after 1989. Mr. I. describes some of his most interesting campaigns. The interview ends with a brief discussion of the Russian invasion of Ukraine and how it affected Mr. I.'s life. ","Olena Protsenko, a Post-doctoral Research Associate in Psychiatry and Law at the University of Virginia School of Law, conducted this interview remotely over the Zoom application.","Dr. Keith talks about the role and expertise of NIMH that was crucial to the success of the 1989 U.S. psychiatric mission to the U.S.S.R. He recapitulates the main points and stumbling blocks of the negotiations with the Soviets in November 1988, various organizational aspects of the mission, as well as the interview instruments and methodology used by the American team. Dr. Keith shares his opinion about the concept of sluggish schizophrenia, its diagnostic criteria, and other factors that made it possible to abuse psychiatry in the Soviet Union. He also emphasizes Soviet life, society, and governance as of 1989. Dr. Keith discusses the Soviets' admission of \"hyperdiagnoses\" and the validity of the excuse of \"hyperdiagnoses\" from the professional point of view. He also expresses his opinion about the tone of the final report and the general context that the American team had to keep in mind when drafting it. Dr. Keith describes Schizophrenia Bulletin and his role as its editor-in-chief. He also talks about the 1990 Soviet Reciprocal Visit to the U.S.","Olena Protsenko, a Post-doctoral Research Associate in Psychiatry and Law at the University of Virginia School of Law, conducted this interview remotely over the Zoom application.","Dr. Kleyman is a great source of knowledge about the ins and outs of the Soviet mental health care system as the person who had about 10 years of professional experience on the ground. He talked about the uniqueness of his role during the American psychiatric mission to the U.S.S.R. that resulted from him being a native Russian speaker and being well familiar with life in the Soviet Union. Dr. Kleyman discusses the social and political context that surrounded the 1989 U.S. State Department visit and made it possible in the first place; the doctor patient relationship in the U.S.S.R.; Soviet diagnostic approaches and the role of Soviet psychiatrists during the American visit. Dr. Kleyman recalls his unique trip to Moscow Psychiatric Hospital # 5 to briefly speak with the patient who was claimed by the Soviets to have refused examination. He also talks about his experience as a member of the 1991 W.P.A. mission to the U.S.S.R.","Olena Protsenko, a Post-doctoral Research Associate in Psychiatry and Law at the University of Virginia School of Law, conducted this interview remotely over the Zoom application.","Mr. Kovalev tells about the role of various domestic and international actors in the process of democratization of the U.S.S.R. in the late 1980s and bringing human rights into the Soviet Union. He also assesses the political factors of the early 1980s that allowed Gorbachev come to power and retain it. Mr. Kovalev shares his insights about the Soviet foreign policy of the second half of 1980s-early 1990s and the U.S. - U.S.S.R. relationships. He shares his knowledge about the history of abuse of psychiatry and the reasons for resorting to it; the Soviet psychiatric register and the consequences of being on a register; the sealed instruction on involuntary commitment that existed but was not available to the public. Mr. Kovalev talks about the chain of decision making in ensuring that the American visit will actually happen and the key events on that road. He also comments on the internal tensions between the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Ministry of Health (M.O.H.) as well as the resistance put up by the M.O.H. in organizing the American visit. He also shares his views about the \"system dissidents\" in the U.S.S.R.","Olena Protsenko, a Post-doctoral Research Associate in Psychiatry and Law at the University of Virginia School of Law, conducted this interview remotely over the Zoom application.","Ms. Mercer talks about her career at the APA and the role that the APA played in advocating for the rights of the persons committed to psychiatric hospitals for non-medical reasons in the USSR. She then discusses the historical context for the 1989 State Department psychiatric delegation to the Soviet Union, including the 1977 Declaration of Hawaii and the All-Union Society's walking out of the WPA in 1983 in the face of an almost certain expulsion. Being a part of the November 1988 negotiation team to the Soviet Union, Ms. Mercer shares her thoughts about the negotiation process and the Soviet's compliance with the terms agreed upon. Ms. Mercer describes the field visit to Soviet psychiatric hospitals and then talks about the Soviet's readmission to the WPA, the role the 1989 U.S. State Department played in this process, the APA's and Ms. Mercer's personal stance with regard to the readmission. Ms. Mercer concludes by discussing the difference the American visit made in the big picture.","Olena Protsenko, a Post-doctoral Research Associate in Psychiatry and Law at the University of Virginia School of Law, conducted this interview remotely over the Zoom application.","Dr. Monahan talks about his professional training and the highlights of his career, his memories from the 1989 American visit to the Soviet Union, including the goals of the visit,  its organizational aspects, and its media coverage. Dr. Monahan then focuses on the forensic evaluation methods and results, the rights of psychiatric patients in the Soviet Union, conditions of their hospitalization, treatment, and hospital staffing. Dr. Monahan concludes by describing his general impressions of Moscow and Leningrad and the conclusions the American team made as a result of the visit. ","Olena Protsenko, a Post-doctoral Research Associate in Psychiatry and Law at the University of Virginia School of Law, conducted this interview remotely over the Zoom application.","Mr. Reddaway talks about his education and career and the way he became interested and immersed in the issue of abuse of psychiatry in the U.S.S.R. He discusses the impact that his and Sidney Bloch's 1977 and 1983 books made in the Soviet Union. He also shares his knowledge about the evolution of punitive psychiatry with each new Soviet leader. Mr. Reddaway talks about Mr. Gorbachev's personality, the political factors in the early 1980s that allowed for such a leader to emerge and retain power; the reasons for perestroika;  the peculiarities of perestroika in psychiatry versus other spheres. Mr. Reddaway gives a comprehensive overview of various internal processes in the Soviet Union at the end of 1980s that were important prerequisites for the 1989 U.S. psychiatric mission. He discusses at length the role of the WPA in the battle against the abuse of psychiatry in the Soviet Union. Mr. Reddaway also gives a detailed overview of the field inspections to Soviet psychiatric hospitals that he did as a member of the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric mission to the U.S.S.R.","Olena Protsenko, a Post-doctoral Research Associate in Psychiatry and Law at the University of Virginia School of Law, conducted this interview remotely over the Zoom application.","The interview with Dr. Regier is of critical importance for the comprehensive retrospective evaluation of the long-term impact of the 1989 State Department investigative mission to the U.S.S.R. Dr. Regier not only played a key role in the preparation and implementation of the mission, but also successfully continued to help develop the quality and accessibility of mental health services in Russia after the U.S.S.R. collapse. Dr. Regier also continued to tackle the issue of psychiatric abuse in China.  \nIn his interview, Dr. Regier gives a historical overview of the development of diagnostic criteria that was subsequently used during the U.S. State Department investigative mission to the U.S.S.R. relating to psychiatric abuse. This interview provides a great description of the methodology used during the interviews. Dr. Regier also describes the NIMH goals, unique role and contribution to the 1989 mission and shares his insights about the factors that made it possible to weaponize psychiatry against dissidents in the Soviet Union. Dr. Regier also tells about his role in the work of Gore-Chernomyrdin Commission in the area on mental health care in Russia post the Soviet Union breakup.","Olena Protsenko, a Post-doctoral Research Associate in Psychiatry and Law at the University of Virginia School of Law, conducted this interview remotely over the Zoom application.","Dr. Roth describes his training and the highlights of his career; he then tells how he became interested in the issue of abuse of psychiatry in the U.S.S.R. His two human rights trips to the U.S.S.R. in 1985 and 1986 are discussed next. Dr. Roth then gives an overview of the general political background to the visit and tensions between him and Ambassador Schifter about some critical aspect of the visit. Dr. Roth then describes in detail the negotiation process between the U.S. and Soviet side, the main stumbling blocks, how he managed to overcome them, and who were his allies. Dr. Roth describes the Soviet uncooperativeness and tensions between the Ministry of Health and Ministry of Foreign Affairs. He then talks about informed consents, interview procedures, and the visit dynamics. He shares some anecdotes and most memorable events; he also talks about the people who meaningfully contributed to making the mission successful.","Olena Protsenko, a Post-doctoral Research Associate in Psychiatry and Law at the University of Virginia School of Law, conducted this interview remotely over the Zoom application.","Mr. S. describes his early years, how his dissident views formed, his first arrest under Article 70 of the Criminal Code, his expert psychiatric evaluation at the Serbsky Institute, and the judicial procedure that followed. He describes his subsequent commitment in an 'ordinary' psychiatric hospital and shares insights about the internal regulations, regime, and the release procedure. He also talks about his next arrest and the legal aspects of it. Mr. S. shares his views about whether Soviet psychiatrists seriously believed that 'failure to adapt to the society' was a sign of mental illness and whether they can be blamed for presumably following the orders from above.  Mr. S. proceedes to describe his transfer to a special psychiatric hospital, the mass release of political prisoners in 1987, the reasons for such a drastic change of the political course in the Soviet Union, and gives an overview of the U.S. – U.S.S.R. relationship in the second half of the twentieth century. He then talks about how the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric mission to the U.S.S.R. fit into the broader human rights negotiations in the CSCE. Mr. S. tells how he taken off the psychiatric register\nand legally rehabilitated; he talks about the destiny of the Criminal Code 'political' articles 70 and 190-1 and current political articles in Russian Criminal Code used to suppress dissent.\nMr. S. shares about his life and political activity after 1989, his subsequent arrests, and his assessment of the evolution of civil and political freedom in Russia after 1989.\nHe then talks about the future of Russia, his own future as a dissident in Russia, and his views about the Russian war in Ukraine.","Olena Protsenko, a Post-doctoral Research Associate in Psychiatry and Law at the University of Virginia School of Law, conducted this interview remotely over the Zoom application.","In addition to the oral history given in 2022, this file contains a recording of an interview that Mr. S gave on March 2, 1989.","Ms. Smith shares her memories about interpreting for both 1989 U.S. State Department delegation and the 1991 WPA delegation to the Soviet Union. She explains how this experience compares to the other interesting projects she has been involved in throughout her career. She describes her most prominent memories about this job as well as the Soviet Union as of 1989. ","Olena Protsenko, a Post-doctoral Research Associate in Psychiatry and Law at the University of Virginia School of Law, conducted this interview remotely over the Zoom application.","Dr. Stern describes his career and his pathway from the Soviet Union to the U.S. He shares his insights about some aspects of Soviet history, the issue of psychiatric abuse, its roots and reasons the Soviet government resorted to psychiatry to oppress dissent. Dr. Stern talks about the major differences between special psychiatrist hospitals vs. ordinary psychiatrist hospitals and gives some excellent illustrations of \"symptoms\" that the Soviet school of psychiatry considered signs of mental disorder. Dr. Stern shares his opinion as to the reasons why Soviet psychiatrists engaged in unethical practices. Dr. Stern describes the field trip in great detail, including some anecdotes and specific instances. He concludes by identifying the most important changes needed in Soviet psychiatry at the time and assesses the overall success of the American mission to the Soviet Union. ","Olena Protsenko, a Post-doctoral Research Associate in Psychiatry and Law at the University of Virginia School of Law, conducted this interview remotely over the Zoom application.","This file includes correspondence with Richard Schifter and Robert van Voren."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Arthur J. Morris Law Library does not grant researchers permission to publish copies of any of the materials in this collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The Arthur J. 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(Andreĭ Anatolʹevich)","Mercer, Ellen Robertson","Monahan, John (John Thomas), 1946-","Reddaway, Peter (1939)","Regier, Darrel A.","Smith, Carolyn","Stern, Leon"],"language_ssim":["English Russian"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":263,"online_item_count_is":18,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-20T23:31:33.580Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_4_resources_1347_c01_c05"}},{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_488_c04_c01","type":"Subseries","attributes":{"title":"1994 Conference: A Revolution in African American Poetry","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_488_c04_c01#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eArranged alphabetically with the exception of the Exhibit of Participants materials and the magnesium letterpress die plates which are located at the end of the series due to their size. Note that the numbering system for the letterpress die plates is sequential based on each poem's order in the publication Furious Flower: A Revolution in African American Poetry. As such the first folder/four-flap enclosure in box nine is labeled 9:21b. This is the plate for page two of the 21st poem in the publication. Materials in this series primarily document the planning and implementation of the 1994 Furious Flower Poetry Conference: A Revolution in African American Poetry. Records include travel and lodging reservations, correspondence with participating poets, financial documentation and budgets, and mailing lists. Marketing and promotional items such as posters and brochures are included. Conference evaluations completed by attendees and folders labeled \"Positive Responses\" document the overwhelming success of the conference. Of particular interest are exhibit components from the 1994 conference that include text labels and images of each participating poet. The photographs for these panels were taken by C. B. Claiborne. Copy 225 of 300 of Furious Flower: A Revolution in African American Poetry is located in box 2, folder 5. The magnesium letterpress die plates used to print this collection of poetry are also included here. Each plate is individually housed in a four-flap enclosure and then boxed in order of appearance in the publication. Of significance are the video recordings documenting conference proceedings and interviews with Black poets.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_488_c04_c01#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_488_c04_c01","ref_ssm":["vihart_repositories_4_resources_488_c04_c01"],"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_488_c04_c01","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_488","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_488","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_488_c04","parent_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_488_c04","parent_ssim":["vihart_repositories_4_resources_488","vihart_repositories_4_resources_488_c04"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vihart_repositories_4_resources_488","vihart_repositories_4_resources_488_c04"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Furious Flower Poetry Center Records","Conference Records"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Furious Flower Poetry Center Records","Conference Records"],"text":["Furious Flower Poetry Center Records","Conference Records","1994 Conference: A Revolution in African American Poetry","Furious Flower Poetry Center (1999-2004)","James Madison University. Jazz Ensemble","Hodges, John L.","Gabbin, Joanne V. (Joanne Veal), 1946-","Wright, Steven","Facknitz, Susan","Brice-Finch, Jacqueline","Claiborne, C. B. (Claudius B.)","Carrier, Ronald E., 1932-2017","Hunt, Doris","Ward, Val Gray (1932-08-21-2024-03-07)","Brown, Vernisha","Aubert, Alvin (1930-03-12-2014-12-06)","Alexander, Elizabeth, 1962-","Traylor, Eleanor W.","Williams, Sherley Anne, 1944-1999","Stover, Darrell \"SCIPOET\"","Drew, Shahara","Miller, Adam David (1922-10-08-2020-11-04)","Love, Monifa A.","Thompson, Mylea","Harper, Michael S. (Michael Steven), 1938-2016","Ellis, Thomas Sayers (1963)","Keene, John (John R.), 1965-","Barrax, Gerald W. (Gerald William) (1933-06-21-2019-12-07)","Derricotte, Toi, 1941-","Miller, E. Ethelbert (Eugene Ethelbert) (1950-11-20)","Allen, Samuel W. (Samuel Washington) (1917-12-09-2015-06-27)","Phillips, Carl, 1959-","Lane, Pinkie Gordon (1923-2008-12-03)","Madhubuti, Haki R., 1942-","Madgett, Naomi Cornelia Long (1923-07-23-2020-11-05)","Baraka, Amiri, 1934-2014","Touré, Askia M. (1938-10-13)","Evans, Mari, 1919-2017","Sanchez, Sonia, 1934-","Ward, Jerry W., Jr. (Jerry Washington), 1943-","Joyce, Joyce Ann, 1949-","Nielsen, Aldon Lynn (1950-10-20)","Rampersad, Arnold (1941-11-13)","Thomas, Lorenzo, 1944-2005","Renegade, D. J.","Salaam, Kalamu ya, 1947-","McDowell, Deborah E., 1951-","Dove, Rita (1952-08-28)","Kendrick, Dolores, 1927-2017","Brooks, Gwendolyn, 1917-2000","Giovanni, Nikki (1943-2024)","Redmond, Eugene (Eugene B.) (1937-12-01)","Gayles, Gloria Jean Wade (19380701)","Collier, Eugenia W. (1928-04-06)","Patterson, Raymond R. (1929-12-14-2001-04-05)","Graham, Maryemma (1949-06-13)","Moore, Opal (1953)","Gabbin, Alexander L. (1945)","Asim, Jabari, 1962-","Braxton, Joanne M. (1950)","Taylor, Clyde (1931-07-03-2024-01-24)","Steptoe, Lamont B., 1949-","Gillespie, Carmen (1965-06-17-2019-08-30)","Coates, Ta-Nehisi (Ta-Nehisi Paul) (1975-09-30)","Rice, Dorothy Marie, 1948-","Blackman, Toni","Alexander, Kwame (1968-08-21)","deGannes, Nehassaiu","Kein, Sybil (1939-09-29-2022-10-28)","Osbey, Brenda Marie (1957-12-12)","Iverem, Esther, 1960-","Saloy, Mona Lisa (19500701)","Drake, Jeannette M.","Fabu","Dance, Daryl Cumber (1938-01-17)","Trethewey, Natasha D., 1966-","Jackson, Major, 1968-","Beatty, Vera L.","Strange, Sharan (1959)","Young, Kevin (Kevin Lowell), 1970-","Gex, Quo Vadis","Bullock, Byron","Morris, Mellasenah Young","Reagon, Bernice Johnson, 1942-","Pettis, Joyce Owens","Fowler, Virginia C., 1948-","Goven, Sandra","Hoagland, Everett (1942-12-18)","Moore, Lenard D., 1958-","Arranged alphabetically with the exception of the Exhibit of Participants materials and the magnesium letterpress die plates which are located at the end of the series due to their size. Note that the numbering system for the letterpress die plates is sequential based on each poem's order in the publication Furious Flower: A Revolution in African American Poetry. As such the first folder/four-flap enclosure in box nine is labeled 9:21b. This is the plate for page two of the 21st poem in the publication.\nMaterials in this series primarily document the planning and implementation of the 1994 Furious Flower Poetry Conference: A Revolution in African American Poetry. Records include travel and lodging reservations, correspondence with participating poets, financial documentation and budgets, and mailing lists. Marketing and promotional items such as posters and brochures are included. Conference evaluations completed by attendees and folders labeled \"Positive Responses\" document the overwhelming success of the conference. Of particular interest are exhibit components from the 1994 conference that include text labels and images of each participating poet. The photographs for these panels were taken by C. B. Claiborne. Copy 225 of 300 of Furious Flower: A Revolution in African American Poetry is located in box 2, folder 5. The magnesium letterpress die plates used to print this collection of poetry are also included here. Each plate is individually housed in a four-flap enclosure and then boxed in order of appearance in the publication. Of significance are the video recordings documenting conference proceedings and interviews with Black poets."],"title_filing_ssi":"1994 Conference: A Revolution in African American Poetry","title_ssm":["1994 Conference: A Revolution in African American Poetry"],"title_tesim":["1994 Conference: A Revolution in African American Poetry"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1970-2009"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1970/2009"],"normalized_title_ssm":["1994 Conference: A Revolution in African American Poetry"],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"collection_ssim":["Furious Flower Poetry Center Records"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":128,"level_ssm":["Subseries"],"level_ssim":["Subseries"],"sort_isi":487,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection is open to research. Currently, the silk banners used in the 2004 and 2014 Furious Flower Poetry Conferences may only be requested (in writing) by Furious Flower Poetry Center staff. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Copyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"date_range_isim":[1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009],"names_ssim":["Furious Flower Poetry Center (1999-2004)","James Madison University. Jazz Ensemble","Hodges, John L.","Gabbin, Joanne V. (Joanne Veal), 1946-","Wright, Steven","Facknitz, Susan","Brice-Finch, Jacqueline","Claiborne, C. B. (Claudius B.)","Carrier, Ronald E., 1932-2017","Hunt, Doris","Ward, Val Gray (1932-08-21-2024-03-07)","Brown, Vernisha","Aubert, Alvin (1930-03-12-2014-12-06)","Alexander, Elizabeth, 1962-","Traylor, Eleanor W.","Williams, Sherley Anne, 1944-1999","Stover, Darrell \"SCIPOET\"","Drew, Shahara","Miller, Adam David (1922-10-08-2020-11-04)","Love, Monifa A.","Thompson, Mylea","Harper, Michael S. (Michael Steven), 1938-2016","Ellis, Thomas Sayers (1963)","Keene, John (John R.), 1965-","Barrax, Gerald W. (Gerald William) (1933-06-21-2019-12-07)","Derricotte, Toi, 1941-","Miller, E. Ethelbert (Eugene Ethelbert) (1950-11-20)","Allen, Samuel W. (Samuel Washington) (1917-12-09-2015-06-27)","Phillips, Carl, 1959-","Lane, Pinkie Gordon (1923-2008-12-03)","Madhubuti, Haki R., 1942-","Madgett, Naomi Cornelia Long (1923-07-23-2020-11-05)","Baraka, Amiri, 1934-2014","Touré, Askia M. (1938-10-13)","Evans, Mari, 1919-2017","Sanchez, Sonia, 1934-","Ward, Jerry W., Jr. (Jerry Washington), 1943-","Joyce, Joyce Ann, 1949-","Nielsen, Aldon Lynn (1950-10-20)","Rampersad, Arnold (1941-11-13)","Thomas, Lorenzo, 1944-2005","Renegade, D. J.","Salaam, Kalamu ya, 1947-","McDowell, Deborah E., 1951-","Dove, Rita (1952-08-28)","Kendrick, Dolores, 1927-2017","Brooks, Gwendolyn, 1917-2000","Giovanni, Nikki (1943-2024)","Redmond, Eugene (Eugene B.) (1937-12-01)","Gayles, Gloria Jean Wade (19380701)","Collier, Eugenia W. (1928-04-06)","Patterson, Raymond R. (1929-12-14-2001-04-05)","Graham, Maryemma (1949-06-13)","Moore, Opal (1953)","Gabbin, Alexander L. (1945)","Asim, Jabari, 1962-","Braxton, Joanne M. (1950)","Taylor, Clyde (1931-07-03-2024-01-24)","Steptoe, Lamont B., 1949-","Gillespie, Carmen (1965-06-17-2019-08-30)","Coates, Ta-Nehisi (Ta-Nehisi Paul) (1975-09-30)","Rice, Dorothy Marie, 1948-","Blackman, Toni","Alexander, Kwame (1968-08-21)","deGannes, Nehassaiu","Kein, Sybil (1939-09-29-2022-10-28)","Osbey, Brenda Marie (1957-12-12)","Iverem, Esther, 1960-","Saloy, Mona Lisa (19500701)","Drake, Jeannette M.","Fabu","Dance, Daryl Cumber (1938-01-17)","Trethewey, Natasha D., 1966-","Jackson, Major, 1968-","Beatty, Vera L.","Strange, Sharan (1959)","Young, Kevin (Kevin Lowell), 1970-","Gex, Quo Vadis","Bullock, Byron","Morris, Mellasenah Young","Reagon, Bernice Johnson, 1942-","Pettis, Joyce Owens","Fowler, Virginia C., 1948-","Goven, Sandra","Hoagland, Everett (1942-12-18)","Moore, Lenard D., 1958-"],"corpname_ssim":["Furious Flower Poetry Center (1999-2004)","James Madison University. Jazz Ensemble","James Madison University. Jazz Ensemble"],"persname_ssim":["Hodges, John L.","Gabbin, Joanne V. (Joanne Veal), 1946-","Wright, Steven","Facknitz, Susan","Brice-Finch, Jacqueline","Claiborne, C. B. (Claudius B.)","Carrier, Ronald E., 1932-2017","Hunt, Doris","Ward, Val Gray (1932-08-21-2024-03-07)","Brown, Vernisha","Aubert, Alvin (1930-03-12-2014-12-06)","Alexander, Elizabeth, 1962-","Traylor, Eleanor W.","Williams, Sherley Anne, 1944-1999","Gabbin, Joanne V. (Joanne Veal), 1946-","Stover, Darrell \"SCIPOET\"","Drew, Shahara","Miller, Adam David (1922-10-08-2020-11-04)","Love, Monifa A.","Thompson, Mylea","Harper, Michael S. (Michael Steven), 1938-2016","Ellis, Thomas Sayers (1963)","Gabbin, Joanne V. (Joanne Veal), 1946-","Keene, John (John R.), 1965-","Barrax, Gerald W. (Gerald William) (1933-06-21-2019-12-07)","Alexander, Elizabeth, 1962-","Derricotte, Toi, 1941-","Miller, E. Ethelbert (Eugene Ethelbert) (1950-11-20)","Allen, Samuel W. (Samuel Washington) (1917-12-09-2015-06-27)","Phillips, Carl, 1959-","Lane, Pinkie Gordon (1923-2008-12-03)","Madhubuti, Haki R., 1942-","Madgett, Naomi Cornelia Long (1923-07-23-2020-11-05)","Gabbin, Joanne V. (Joanne Veal), 1946-","Baraka, Amiri, 1934-2014","Touré, Askia M. (1938-10-13)","Evans, Mari, 1919-2017","Harper, Michael S. (Michael Steven), 1938-2016","Sanchez, Sonia, 1934-","Gabbin, Joanne V. (Joanne Veal), 1946-","Ward, Jerry W., Jr. (Jerry Washington), 1943-","Joyce, Joyce Ann, 1949-","Nielsen, Aldon Lynn (1950-10-20)","Rampersad, Arnold (1941-11-13)","Thomas, Lorenzo, 1944-2005","Stover, Darrell \"SCIPOET\"","Renegade, D. J.","Evans, Mari, 1919-2017","Salaam, Kalamu ya, 1947-","McDowell, Deborah E., 1951-","Dove, Rita (1952-08-28)","Gabbin, Joanne V. (Joanne Veal), 1946-","Kendrick, Dolores, 1927-2017","Brooks, Gwendolyn, 1917-2000","Madhubuti, Haki R., 1942-","Kendrick, Dolores, 1927-2017","Giovanni, Nikki (1943-2024)","Redmond, Eugene (Eugene B.) (1937-12-01)","Gabbin, Joanne V. (Joanne Veal), 1946-","Gayles, Gloria Jean Wade (19380701)","Gabbin, Joanne V. (Joanne Veal), 1946-","Stover, Darrell \"SCIPOET\"","Collier, Eugenia W. (1928-04-06)","Evans, Mari, 1919-2017","Redmond, Eugene (Eugene B.) (1937-12-01)","Patterson, Raymond R. (1929-12-14-2001-04-05)","Graham, Maryemma (1949-06-13)","McDowell, Deborah E., 1951-","Madgett, Naomi Cornelia Long (1923-07-23-2020-11-05)","Ward, Jerry W., Jr. (Jerry Washington), 1943-","Allen, Samuel W. (Samuel Washington) (1917-12-09-2015-06-27)","Moore, Opal (1953)","Lane, Pinkie Gordon (1923-2008-12-03)","Sanchez, Sonia, 1934-","Ward, Val Gray (1932-08-21-2024-03-07)","Brooks, Gwendolyn, 1917-2000","Gabbin, Alexander L. (1945)","Redmond, Eugene (Eugene B.) (1937-12-01)","Asim, Jabari, 1962-","Braxton, Joanne M. (1950)","Patterson, Raymond R. (1929-12-14-2001-04-05)","Taylor, Clyde (1931-07-03-2024-01-24)","Gabbin, Joanne V. (Joanne Veal), 1946-","Steptoe, Lamont B., 1949-","Gillespie, Carmen (1965-06-17-2019-08-30)","Aubert, Alvin (1930-03-12-2014-12-06)","Ward, Jerry W., Jr. (Jerry Washington), 1943-","Salaam, Kalamu ya, 1947-","Stover, Darrell \"SCIPOET\"","Miller, Adam David (1922-10-08-2020-11-04)","Renegade, D. J.","Love, Monifa A.","Coates, Ta-Nehisi (Ta-Nehisi Paul) (1975-09-30)","Rice, Dorothy Marie, 1948-","Blackman, Toni","Alexander, Kwame (1968-08-21)","deGannes, Nehassaiu","Redmond, Eugene (Eugene B.) (1937-12-01)","Brice-Finch, Jacqueline","Salaam, Kalamu ya, 1947-","Kein, Sybil (1939-09-29-2022-10-28)","Miller, Adam David (1922-10-08-2020-11-04)","Osbey, Brenda Marie (1957-12-12)","Iverem, Esther, 1960-","Saloy, Mona Lisa (19500701)","Drake, Jeannette M.","Fabu","Dance, Daryl Cumber (1938-01-17)","Redmond, Eugene (Eugene B.) (1937-12-01)","Trethewey, Natasha D., 1966-","Jackson, Major, 1968-","Beatty, Vera L.","Keene, John (John R.), 1965-","Strange, Sharan (1959)","Young, Kevin (Kevin Lowell), 1970-","Ellis, Thomas Sayers (1963)","Gex, Quo Vadis","Ward, Val Gray (1932-08-21-2024-03-07)","Gabbin, Joanne V. (Joanne Veal), 1946-","Bullock, Byron","Morris, Mellasenah Young","Reagon, Bernice Johnson, 1942-","Gabbin, Joanne V. (Joanne Veal), 1946-","Wright, Steven","Facknitz, Susan","Brice-Finch, Jacqueline","Claiborne, C. B. (Claudius B.)","Carrier, Ronald E., 1932-2017","Hunt, Doris","Ward, Val Gray (1932-08-21-2024-03-07)","Brown, Vernisha","Aubert, Alvin (1930-03-12-2014-12-06)","Alexander, Elizabeth, 1962-","Traylor, Eleanor W.","Williams, Sherley Anne, 1944-1999","Stover, Darrell \"SCIPOET\"","Drew, Shahara","Miller, Adam David (1922-10-08-2020-11-04)","Love, Monifa A.","Thompson, Mylea","Alexander, Elizabeth, 1962-","Barrax, Gerald W. (Gerald William) (1933-06-21-2019-12-07)","Derricotte, Toi, 1941-","Miller, E. Ethelbert (Eugene Ethelbert) (1950-11-20)","Keene, John (John R.), 1965-","Stover, Darrell \"SCIPOET\"","Gabbin, Joanne V. (Joanne Veal), 1946-","Allen, Samuel W. (Samuel Washington) (1917-12-09-2015-06-27)","Lane, Pinkie Gordon (1923-2008-12-03)","Madhubuti, Haki R., 1942-","Madgett, Naomi Cornelia Long (1923-07-23-2020-11-05)","Madgett, Naomi Cornelia Long (1923-07-23-2020-11-05)","Gabbin, Joanne V. (Joanne Veal), 1946-","Baraka, Amiri, 1934-2014","Touré, Askia M. (1938-10-13)","Evans, Mari, 1919-2017","Harper, Michael S. (Michael Steven), 1938-2016","Sanchez, Sonia, 1934-","Ward, Jerry W., Jr. (Jerry Washington), 1943-","Joyce, Joyce Ann, 1949-","Nielsen, Aldon Lynn (1950-10-20)","Rampersad, Arnold (1941-11-13)","Thomas, Lorenzo, 1944-2005","Stover, Darrell \"SCIPOET\"","Evans, Mari, 1919-2017","Salaam, Kalamu ya, 1947-","McDowell, Deborah E., 1951-","Gabbin, Joanne V. (Joanne Veal), 1946-","Dove, Rita (1952-08-28)","Kendrick, Dolores, 1927-2017","Brooks, Gwendolyn, 1917-2000","Brooks, Gwendolyn, 1917-2000","Madhubuti, Haki R., 1942-","Gabbin, Joanne V. (Joanne Veal), 1946-","Kendrick, Dolores, 1927-2017","Giovanni, Nikki (1943-2024)","Redmond, Eugene (Eugene B.) (1937-12-01)","Gayles, Gloria Jean Wade (19380701)","Stover, Darrell \"SCIPOET\"","Gabbin, Joanne V. (Joanne Veal), 1946-","Collier, Eugenia W. (1928-04-06)","Evans, Mari, 1919-2017","Redmond, Eugene (Eugene B.) (1937-12-01)","McDowell, Deborah E., 1951-","Madgett, Naomi Cornelia Long (1923-07-23-2020-11-05)","Ward, Jerry W., Jr. (Jerry Washington), 1943-","Allen, Samuel W. (Samuel Washington) (1917-12-09-2015-06-27)","Moore, Opal (1953)","Lane, Pinkie Gordon (1923-2008-12-03)","Sanchez, Sonia, 1934-","Ward, Val Gray (1932-08-21-2024-03-07)","Brooks, Gwendolyn, 1917-2000","Gabbin, Alexander L. (1945)","Gabbin, Joanne V. (Joanne Veal), 1946-","Steptoe, Lamont B., 1949-","Gillespie, Carmen (1965-06-17-2019-08-30)","Redmond, Eugene (Eugene B.) (1937-12-01)","Aubert, Alvin (1930-03-12-2014-12-06)","Braxton, Joanne M. (1950)","Patterson, Raymond R. (1929-12-14-2001-04-05)","Asim, Jabari, 1962-","Taylor, Clyde (1931-07-03-2024-01-24)","Ward, Jerry W., Jr. (Jerry Washington), 1943-","Salaam, Kalamu ya, 1947-","Stover, Darrell \"SCIPOET\"","Miller, Adam David (1922-10-08-2020-11-04)","Redmond, Eugene (Eugene B.) (1937-12-01)","Brice-Finch, Jacqueline","Salaam, Kalamu ya, 1947-","Kein, Sybil (1939-09-29-2022-10-28)","Miller, Adam David (1922-10-08-2020-11-04)","Osbey, Brenda Marie (1957-12-12)","Iverem, Esther, 1960-","Saloy, Mona Lisa (19500701)","Drake, Jeannette M.","Fabu","Gex, Quo Vadis","Dance, Daryl Cumber (1938-01-17)","Trethewey, Natasha D., 1966-","Jackson, Major, 1968-","Beatty, Vera L.","Bullock, Byron","Gabbin, Joanne V. (Joanne Veal), 1946-","Bullock, Byron","Morris, Mellasenah Young","Ward, Val Gray (1932-08-21-2024-03-07)","Reagon, Bernice Johnson, 1942-","Miller, E. Ethelbert (Eugene Ethelbert) (1950-11-20)","Collier, Eugenia W. (1928-04-06)","Redmond, Eugene (Eugene B.) (1937-12-01)","Jackson, Major, 1968-","Kendrick, Dolores, 1927-2017","Asim, Jabari, 1962-","Beatty, Vera L.","Barrax, Gerald W. (Gerald William) (1933-06-21-2019-12-07)","Giovanni, Nikki (1943-2024)","Pettis, Joyce Owens","Fowler, Virginia C., 1948-","Jackson, Major, 1968-","Kendrick, Dolores, 1927-2017","Lane, Pinkie Gordon (1923-2008-12-03)","Harper, Michael S. (Michael Steven), 1938-2016","Beatty, Vera L.","Nielsen, Aldon Lynn (1950-10-20)","Goven, Sandra","Evans, Mari, 1919-2017","Hoagland, Everett (1942-12-18)","Sanchez, Sonia, 1934-","Ward, Val Gray (1932-08-21-2024-03-07)","Salaam, Kalamu ya, 1947-","Thomas, Lorenzo, 1944-2005","Allen, Samuel W. (Samuel Washington) (1917-12-09-2015-06-27)","Aubert, Alvin (1930-03-12-2014-12-06)","Baraka, Amiri, 1934-2014","Ward, Jerry W., Jr. (Jerry Washington), 1943-","Moore, Lenard D., 1958-","Touré, Askia M. (1938-10-13)","Williams, Sherley Anne, 1944-1999","McDowell, Deborah E., 1951-","Derricotte, Toi, 1941-","Madhubuti, Haki R., 1942-","Madgett, Naomi Cornelia Long (1923-07-23-2020-11-05)","Moore, Opal (1953)","Sanchez, Sonia, 1934-","Traylor, Eleanor W."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eArranged alphabetically with the exception of the Exhibit of Participants materials and the magnesium letterpress die plates which are located at the end of the series due to their size. Note that the numbering system for the letterpress die plates is sequential based on each poem's order in the publication Furious Flower: A Revolution in African American Poetry. As such the first folder/four-flap enclosure in box nine is labeled 9:21b. This is the plate for page two of the 21st poem in the publication.\nMaterials in this series primarily document the planning and implementation of the 1994 Furious Flower Poetry Conference: A Revolution in African American Poetry. Records include travel and lodging reservations, correspondence with participating poets, financial documentation and budgets, and mailing lists. Marketing and promotional items such as posters and brochures are included. Conference evaluations completed by attendees and folders labeled \"Positive Responses\" document the overwhelming success of the conference. Of particular interest are exhibit components from the 1994 conference that include text labels and images of each participating poet. The photographs for these panels were taken by C. B. Claiborne. Copy 225 of 300 of Furious Flower: A Revolution in African American Poetry is located in box 2, folder 5. The magnesium letterpress die plates used to print this collection of poetry are also included here. Each plate is individually housed in a four-flap enclosure and then boxed in order of appearance in the publication. Of significance are the video recordings documenting conference proceedings and interviews with Black poets.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Arranged alphabetically with the exception of the Exhibit of Participants materials and the magnesium letterpress die plates which are located at the end of the series due to their size. Note that the numbering system for the letterpress die plates is sequential based on each poem's order in the publication Furious Flower: A Revolution in African American Poetry. As such the first folder/four-flap enclosure in box nine is labeled 9:21b. This is the plate for page two of the 21st poem in the publication.\nMaterials in this series primarily document the planning and implementation of the 1994 Furious Flower Poetry Conference: A Revolution in African American Poetry. Records include travel and lodging reservations, correspondence with participating poets, financial documentation and budgets, and mailing lists. Marketing and promotional items such as posters and brochures are included. Conference evaluations completed by attendees and folders labeled \"Positive Responses\" document the overwhelming success of the conference. Of particular interest are exhibit components from the 1994 conference that include text labels and images of each participating poet. The photographs for these panels were taken by C. B. Claiborne. Copy 225 of 300 of Furious Flower: A Revolution in African American Poetry is located in box 2, folder 5. The magnesium letterpress die plates used to print this collection of poetry are also included here. Each plate is individually housed in a four-flap enclosure and then boxed in order of appearance in the publication. Of significance are the video recordings documenting conference proceedings and interviews with Black poets."],"_nest_path_":"/components#3/components#0","timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:25:29.210Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_488","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_488","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_488","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_488","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_488.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://aspace.lib.jmu.edu/repositories/4/resources/488","title_ssm":["Furious Flower Poetry Center Records"],"title_tesim":["Furious Flower Poetry Center Records"],"unitdate_ssm":["1970-2024"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1970-2024"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["UA 0017","/repositories/4/resources/488"],"text":["UA 0017","/repositories/4/resources/488","Furious Flower Poetry Center Records","United States -- Poetry","United States -- Intellectual life -- 20th century","United States -- Intellectual life -- 21st century","American poetry -- African American authors","Poetry -- History and criticism","African American poets","African Americans -- Poetry","African Americans -- Intellectual life -- 20th century","African Americans -- Intellectual life -- 21st century","Administrative records","Grant Proposals","Letters (correspondence)","Electronic mail","Compact discs","Posters","DVDs","Poetry","Exhibit scripts","Photographs","Calendars (documents)","Programs (documents)","Collection is open to research. Currently, the silk banners used in the 2004 and 2014 Furious Flower Poetry Conferences may only be requested (in writing) by Furious Flower Poetry Center staff. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","Researchers may access digitized archival audiovisual materials in the JMU Special Collections Reading Room by appointment. Digital files may also be requested through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System","Researchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may access digitized archival audiovisual materials in the JMU Special Collections Reading Room by appointment. Digital files may also be requested through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may access digitized archival audiovisual materials in the JMU Special Collections Reading Room by appointment. Digital files may also be requested through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may access digitized archival audiovisual materials in the JMU Special Collections Reading Room by appointment. Digital files may also be requested through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may access digitized archival audiovisual materials in the JMU Special Collections Reading Room by appointment. Digital files may also be requested through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may access digitized archival audiovisual materials in the JMU Special Collections Reading Room by appointment. Digital files may also be requested through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may access digitized archival audiovisual materials in the JMU Special Collections Reading Room by appointment. Digital files may also be requested through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may access digitized archival audiovisual materials in the JMU Special Collections Reading Room by appointment. Digital files may also be requested through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may access digitized archival audiovisual materials in the JMU Special Collections Reading Room by appointment. Digital files may also be requested through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may access digitized archival audiovisual materials in the JMU Special Collections Reading Room by appointment. Digital files may also be requested through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may access digitized archival audiovisual materials in the JMU Special Collections Reading Room by appointment. Digital files may also be requested through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may access digitized archival audiovisual materials in the JMU Special Collections Reading Room by appointment. Digital files may also be requested through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may access digitized archival audiovisual materials in the JMU Special Collections Reading Room by appointment. Digital files may also be requested through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may access digitized archival audiovisual materials in the JMU Special Collections Reading Room by appointment. Digital files may also be requested through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may access digitized archival audiovisual materials in the JMU Special Collections Reading Room by appointment. Digital files may also be requested through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may access digitized archival audiovisual materials in the JMU Special Collections Reading Room by appointment. Digital files may also be requested through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may access digitized archival audiovisual materials in the JMU Special Collections Reading Room by appointment. Digital files may also be requested through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may access digitized archival audiovisual materials in the JMU Special Collections Reading Room by appointment. Digital files may also be requested through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may access digitized archival audiovisual materials in the JMU Special Collections Reading Room by appointment. Digital files may also be requested through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may access digitized archival audiovisual materials in the JMU Special Collections Reading Room by appointment. Digital files may also be requested through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may access digitized archival audiovisual materials in the JMU Special Collections Reading Room by appointment. Digital files may also be requested through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may access digitized archival audiovisual materials in the JMU Special Collections Reading Room by appointment. Digital files may also be requested through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may access digitized archival audiovisual materials in the JMU Special Collections Reading Room by appointment. Digital files may also be requested through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may access digitized archival audiovisual materials in the JMU Special Collections Reading Room by appointment. Digital files may also be requested through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may access digitized archival audiovisual materials in the JMU Special Collections Reading Room by appointment. Digital files may also be requested through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may access digitized archival audiovisual materials in the JMU Special Collections Reading Room by appointment. Digital files may also be requested through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may access digitized archival audiovisual materials in the JMU Special Collections Reading Room by appointment. Digital files may also be requested through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may access digitized archival audiovisual materials in the JMU Special Collections Reading Room by appointment. Digital files may also be requested through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may access digitized archival audiovisual materials in the JMU Special Collections Reading Room by appointment. Digital files may also be requested through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may access digitized archival audiovisual materials in the JMU Special Collections Reading Room by appointment. Digital files may also be requested through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may access digitized archival audiovisual materials in the JMU Special Collections Reading Room by appointment. Digital files may also be requested through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may access digitized archival audiovisual materials in the JMU Special Collections Reading Room by appointment. Digital files may also be requested through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may access digitized archival audiovisual materials in the JMU Special Collections Reading Room by appointment. Digital files may also be requested through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","running time:","Researchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Access to this item is currently restricted for off campus researchers. For more information contact library-special@jmu.edu.","Access to this item is currently restricted for off campus researchers. For more information contact library-special@jmu.edu.","Access to this item is currently restricted for off campus researchers. For more information contact library-special@jmu.edu.","Access to this item is currently restricted for off campus researchers. For more information contact library-special@jmu.edu.","Access to this item is currently restricted for off campus researchers. For more information contact library-special@jmu.edu.","Access to this item is currently restricted for off campus researchers. For more information contact library-special@jmu.edu.","Access to this item is currently restricted for off campus researchers. For more information contact library-special@jmu.edu.","Access to this item is currently restricted for off campus researchers. For more information contact library-special@jmu.edu.","Access to this item is currently restricted for off campus researchers. For more information contact library-special@jmu.edu.","Access to this item is currently restricted for off campus researchers. For more information contact library-special@jmu.edu.","Access to this item is currently restricted for off campus researchers. For more information contact library-special@jmu.edu.","Access to this item is currently restricted for off campus researchers. For more information contact library-special@jmu.edu.","Access to this item is currently restricted for off campus researchers. For more information contact library-special@jmu.edu.","Access to this item is currently restricted for off campus researchers. For more information contact library-special@jmu.edu.","Access to this item is currently restricted for off campus researchers. For more information contact library-special@jmu.edu.","Access to this item is currently restricted for off campus researchers. For more information contact library-special@jmu.edu.","Access to this item is currently restricted for off campus researchers. For more information contact library-special@jmu.edu.","Access to this item is currently restricted for off campus researchers. For more information contact library-special@jmu.edu.","Access to this item is currently restricted for off campus researchers. For more information contact library-special@jmu.edu.","Access to this item is currently restricted for off campus researchers. For more information contact library-special@jmu.edu.","Access to this item is currently restricted for off campus researchers. For more information contact library-special@jmu.edu.","Access to this item is currently restricted for off campus researchers. For more information contact library-special@jmu.edu.","Access to this item is currently restricted for off campus researchers. For more information contact library-special@jmu.edu.","Access to this item is currently restricted for off campus researchers. For more information contact library-special@jmu.edu.","Access to this item is currently restricted for off campus researchers. For more information contact library-special@jmu.edu.","Access to this item is currently restricted for off campus researchers. For more information contact library-special@jmu.edu.","Access to this item is currently restricted for off campus researchers. For more information contact library-special@jmu.edu.","Access to this item is currently restricted for off campus researchers. For more information contact library-special@jmu.edu.","Original audiovisual and media are in process and not available pending reformatting.","It is anticipated that the Furious Flower Poetry Center will continue to donate conference files approximately every ten years and other administrative records on a more frequent basis.","Processing of audiovisual content is in-process as of April 2022. Access will be made available to content once processing is complete, barring any copyright or use restrictions.","Small Purchase Credit Card Statements were discarded due to lack of research value.","Due to duplication elsewhere in Special Collections the following issues of Madison (known as Montpelier from 1977-2005), many with articles pertaining to Furious Flower Poetry Center, were returned to the donor: Summer 2003, Winter 2005, Spring 2006, Fall 2006, Summer 2006, Spring 2007, Summer 2007, Fall 2007, Fall 2008, Winter 2008, Summer 2009, Fall 2009, Spring/Summer 2010, Spring/Summer 2011, Fall 2011, Spring/Summer 2015. These issues were loose when donated and were not a part of any pre-established order or foldering system.","The collection is arranged into four series. Series are arranged chronologically; Series 2, 3, and 4 are further arranged alphabetically according to a particular publication or event.","Grants and Financial Files, 2004-2021 Publications and Manuscripts, 1993-2012 Events, Programs, and Workshops, 1990-2019 Conference Records, 1970-2015","The series is arranged chronologically into three sub-series:","Sub-series 4.1: 1994 Conference, 1970-2009 Sub-series 4.2: 2004 Conference, 2002-2007 Sub-series 4.3: 2014 Conference, 2013-2015","Event footage is arranged chronologically by capture time, with the exception of the \"supercuts,\" consisting of video montages, which are arranged by program day. See the Interviews with Poets sub-group for additional arrangement details.","\"Furious Flower Poetry Center.\" James Madison University. Accessed August 09, 2016. https://www.jmu.edu/furiousflower/index.shtml.","The Furious Flower Poetry Center (FFPC) was established in 1999 by Joanne V. Gabbin when she was the director of James Madison University's Honors Program. With this flagship of the Honors Program, she continued the kind of programming she had begun by hosting the 1994 Furious Flower Poetry Conference, which was the nation's first scholarly conference on Black poetry. The conference, entitled Furious Flower: A Revolution in African American Poetry, was dedicated to acclaimed poet Gwendolyn Brooks and featured scholars, critics, and the most accomplished and esteemed poets of the time including Nikki Giovanni, Rita Dove, Sonia Sanchez, Michael S. Harper, Haki Madhubuti, and Gwendolyn Brooks herself. The name \"Furious Flower\" is derived from Brooks' poem Second Sermon on the Warpland in which she writes:","The time\ncracks into furious flower. Lifts its face\nall unashamed. And sways in wicked grace.","Many who participated in the inaugural Furious Flower conference had their roots in the Black Arts Movement. The Black Arts Movement emerged in the wake of the Black Power Movement of the 1960s and 1970s and was comprised of politically motivated black visionaries, poets, artists, dramatists, musicians, and writers. The conference was met with overwhelming praise and The Washington Post called it an historic event. ","Due to the success of the 1994 Furious Flower Conference, the Furious Flower Poetry Center (FFPC) was established in 1999 and the Conference became a decennial event, held every ten years. The subsequent conferences were Regenerating the Black Poetic Tradition (2004) and Seeding the Future of African American Poetry (2014). Conference programming is comprised of concerts, readings, roundtable and panel discussions, and paper presentations.","In 2005, following the success of the second Furious Flower Poetry Conference (2004), JMU gave the FFPC its official charter, making it the first academic center in the United States devoted to Black poetry. Gabbin became its executive director, leaving the Honors Program after 19 years of service.","Today, the FFPC is committed to \"cultivating, honoring, and promoting the diverse voices of African American poets by making the genre accessible to a wide audience and collaborating with educational and cultural institutions, literary organizations, and artists.\" It hosts visiting poets for readings at JMU and nearby venues; sponsors workshops; holds an annual poetry camp for elementary and middle school-aged children; produces texts, videos, DVDs and other materials on African-American poetry; and gathers poets and other scholars for intimate panels and seminars, as well as major conferences. FFPC has held four decennial Furious Flower Conferences: \"A Revolution in African American Poetry\" (1994), \"Regenerating the Black Poetic Tradition\" (2004), \"Seeding the Future of African American Poetry\" (2014), and \"Furious Flower IV: Celebrating the Worlds of Black Poetry (2024).","FFPC is located off of Martin Luther King Jr. Way/Historic Cantrell Avenue. Beyond her duties as Executive Director of the Furious Flower Poetry Center, Joanne Gabbin is a professor of English at JMU, a published author, and a member of the International Literary Hall of Fame for Writers of African Descent.","The 1994 Conference Video Recordings, 1994 September 29-October 1, were produced by John L. Hodges. The videos represent the raw footage captured during the 1994 Conference.","Additional information on the Dark Room Collective can be found  here.","The donor's original order, including folder titles, was maintained whenever possible. The archivist imposed an order on any unordered files, titled any untitled files, and created discrete series. Social security numbers and bank account numbers have been redacted from materials. When possible, newspapers and clippings were photocopied and originals returned to donor. All material contained within three-ring binders was disbound and foldered in original order. During processing several folders were discovered to be empty. Their folder titles are as follows: Dream in Color Drafts, WHSV Children First 2010, WVPT Kid's Book Festival 2010, Poetry Month 2010, Winter Poetry Contest 2010, Marilyn Nelson Reading 2010, 73 Poems Honorariums (Music). The empty folders were discarded. Numerous folders with small purchase credit card statements and receipts were also discarded. Series I has also been renamed \"Grants and Financial Files.\"","In April 2022, the contents of the Furious Flower Poetry Center Conference Records (UA 0018) were incorporated into the Furious Flower Poetry Center Records (UA 0017) due to the collections' shared provenance and their creation by the same administrative body. The conference records were added as a separate series with subseries for each of the decennial conferences. At this same time, accruals received after initial processing were physically arranged to match their intellectual arrangement. Additional financial files deemed to have limited research value were also weeded in April 2022. Administrative receipts, travel vouchers, travel expenses and reimbursements, travel authorizations, purchase orders, invoices for supplies, monthly detail budget reports, and budget revisions were returned to FFPC.","Processing of audiovisual content is in-process as of April 2022. Access will be made available to content once processing is complete, barring any copyright or use restrictions.","The donor's original order, including folder titles, was maintained whenever possible. The archivist imposed an order on any unordered files, titled any untitled files, and created discrete series. Social security numbers and bank account numbers have been redacted from materials. When possible, newspapers and clippings were photocopied and originals returned to donor. The collection of magnesium letterpress die plates are individually boxed and organized by the poem's appearance in the publication Furious Flower: A Revolution in African American Poetry into larger boxes (one record storage box and one oversize Hollinger box). Furious Flower Poetry Center donated a box of rolled posters in cardboard tubes, all identical, from the 1994 and 2004 conferences – each cardboard tube contained one 1994 poster and one 2004 poster. Due to duplication elsewhere in this collection, only one set of posters was retained. They were flattened and placed in the Oversize series. Processing of audiovisual content is in-process as of April 2022. Access will be made available to content once processing is complete, barring any copyright or use restrictions.","Video recordings were digitized for preservation and research access by Scene Savers in 2016 and 2017. Select records were decribed by JMU graduate assistant Mitchell Teal in 2018 and 2019 for research access through JMU Scholarly Commons in support of a JMU X-Labs course. Description is ongoing as of 2022. Access to content will be made available once description is complete, barring any copyright or other use restrictions.","See \"1994 Conference Program, 1994\" in Series 1 for original conference program.","See the file Poetry Reading 2, 1994 September 29, located in the 1994 Conference Video Recordings sub-group.","See the file Critics' Roundtable: Critical Theories and Approaches in African American Poetry, 1994 September 30, located in the 1994 Conference Video Recordings sub-group.","See the file Critics' Roundtable: Writing a Literary History of African American Poetry, 1994 October 1, located in the 1994 Conference Video Recordings sub-group.","See the file Poetry Reading 5, 1994 September 29, located in the 1994 Conference Video Recordings sub-group.","Sam Allen, Alvin Aubert, Amiri Baraka Interviews Final Cut","Sam Allen, Alvin Aubert, Amiri Baraka Interviews Final Cut","Toi Derricotte, Haki Madhubuti, and Naomi Long Madgett Interviews Final Cut","Toi Derricotte, Haki Madhubuti, and Naomi Long Madgett Interviews Final Cut","Namoi Long Madgett and Eleanor Traylor Interview A. Mari Evans and Val Gray Ward Interview A","Namoi Long Madgett and Eleanor Traylor Interview B. Mari Evans and Val Gray Ward Interview B","Namoi Long Madgett and Eleanor Traylor Interview A. Mari Evans and Val Gray Ward Interview A","Namoi Long Madgett and Eleanor Traylor Interview B. Mari Evans and Val Gray Ward Interview B","Namoi Long Madgett and Eleanor Traylor Interview A. Mari Evans and Val Gray Ward Interview A","Namoi Long Madgett and Eleanor Traylor Interview B. Mari Evans and Val Gray Ward Interview B"," Amiri Baraka interviewed by Askia Touré Part 2, Camera A. Nikki Giovanni interviewed by Virginia Fowler, Camera A"," Amiri Baraka interviewed by Askia Touré Part 2, Camera B. Nikki Giovanni interviewed by Virginia Fowler, Camera B"," Amiri Baraka interviewed by Askia Touré Part 2, Camera A. Nikki Giovanni interviewed by Virginia Fowler, Camera A"," Amiri Baraka interviewed by Askia Touré Part 2, Camera B. Nikki Giovanni interviewed by Virginia Fowler, Camera B"," Amiri Baraka interviewed by Askia Touré Part 2, Camera A. Nikki Giovanni interviewed by Virginia Fowler, Camera A"," Amiri Baraka interviewed by Askia Touré Part 2, Camera B. Nikki Giovanni interviewed by Virginia Fowler, Camera B"," Amiri Baraka interviewed by Askia Touré Part 2, Camera A. Nikki Giovanni interviewed by Virginia Fowler, Camera A"," Amiri Baraka interviewed by Askia Touré Part 2, Camera B. Nikki Giovanni interviewed by Virginia Fowler, Camera B","Michael Harper interviewed by Aldon Nielsen Part 2, Camera A. Toi Derricotte interviewed by Opal Moore Camera A","Michael Harper interviewed by Aldon Nielsen Part 2, Camera B. Toi Derricotte interviewed by Opal Moore Camera B","Mari Evans, Everett Hoagland, and Sonia Sanchez Interviews Final Cut","Mari Evans, Everett Hoagland, and Sonia Sanchez Interviews Final Cut","The Furious Flower Poetry Center Records, 1970-2024, consisting of 17.6 cubic feet (43 boxes, 1 rolled storage container), document the departmental activities of the Furious Flower Poetry Center, a unit formerly of the JMU Honor's Program that became its own separate academic center of the University in 2005. A portion of the material contained within the records derive from events and programs sponsored by the Furious Flower Poetry Center including 73 Poems for 73 Years: Celebrating the Life of Lucille Clifton, Lineage: The Margaret Walker Song Cycle, and an annual children's poetry camp. Specific types of materials include event posters and brochures, exhibit panels, logistical and planning documentation, and email correspondence. Materials related to publications produced by the Center such as Mourning Katrina: A Poetic Response to Tragedy and Shaping Memories: Reflections of African American Women Writers are comprised of draft manuscripts and correspondence with poets and publishers. Grant proposals and awards, many of which relate to the aforementioned events and projects, are also represented. Materials related to the decennial Furious Flower poetry conferences, including administrative documentation and video recordings, are represented in the Conference Records series.","Arranged chronologically. ","FFPC relies heavily on funding from corporate entities and non-profits to subsidize and off-set the cost of furthering their mission of promoting African-American poetry. As such, this series contains grant proposals and awards (all closed) relating to events, publications, and other projects sponsored by the Furious Flower Poetry Center. Projects represented in this series include \"Dream in Color,\" an online curriculum sponsored by Target that enabled elementary, middle, and high-school students to discover the works of African-American poets; and the publication of Mourning Katrina, an anthology of poems by observers and survivors of Hurricane Katrina. All grant materials were removed from three-ring binders and foldered, maintaining original order.","Arranged chronologically by project date and sub-arranged alphabetically within each project.","This series contains material related to publications and manuscripts produced by the Furious Flower Poetry Center. In many cases this refers to books in the typical sense (Mourning Katrina: A Poetic Response to Tragedy, Furious Flower: African-American Poetry from the Black Arts Movement to the Present), Furious Flower Poetry Center also oversaw the publication of The Painted Word – a set of notecards and a corresponding calendar of poets' portraits. Correspondence with various publishers is also included.","Arranged chronologically by event and sub-arranged alphabetically within each event.","This series is comprised of material relating primarily to the many events, programs, and workshops hosted and sponsored by the Furious Flower Poetry Center. Major events represented in this series include Tell Me Your Names: The Poetry of Lucille Clifton, a week-long seminar held June 14 –June 21, 2009 and 73 Poems for 73 Years: Celebrating the Life of Lucille Clifton, a tribute program held September 21, 2010. Of particular interest are 57 oversize exhibit panels from Among Poets: Lucille Clifton Commemorative Exhibition. This 2012 exhibition held at the Reginald F. Lewis Museum and the Enoch Pratt Free Library, both in Baltimore, Maryland, primarily feature photographs by Lynda Koolish of Lucille Clifton, her contemporaries, and her family and friends. The Center's annual Children's Poetry Camp is also well documented. Researchers should note that there are some files in this series (e.g. materials concerning Oni Lasana Productions) that are not directly related to events held by FFPC. These events are likely ones attended by FFPC staff or documented because they serve as examples of comparable outreach initiatives or similar types of promotion.","One file of materials related to the Furious Flower Poetry Center's 25th Anniversary Celebration, held in September 2019 at the National Museum of African American History and Culture, include promotional material, a schedule of events, and a copy of the invocation presented by Rev. Edward A. Scott. Of particular interest is a promotional card inscribed by Qiniso \"Qibho\" Motsa, a poet, musicion, author, and social activist from Eswatini.","This series comprises materials related to the decennial Furious Flower poetry conferences, beginning with the inaugural conference in 1994. A significant portion of the records include logistical and planning documentation for each conference as well as marking and promotional items. These materials are comprised of calls for papers, contracts, correspondence, address lists, ticket requests, travel, transportation, and lodging reservations, and menus. The records include nontraditional items as well. Of interest are exhibit panels (text labels and images) describing and depicting the participants of the 1994 conference. Magnesium letterpress die plates used to print a limited edition portfolio Furious Flower: A Revolution in African American Poetry, a special collection of 23 poems selected by poets (who participated in the 1994 conference) to represent their work, are included. Six silk banners that adorned the Wilson Hall auditorium during the 2004 and 2014 conferences are included.","Arranged alphabetically with the exception of the Exhibit of Participants materials and the magnesium letterpress die plates which are located at the end of the series due to their size. Note that the numbering system for the letterpress die plates is sequential based on each poem's order in the publication Furious Flower: A Revolution in African American Poetry. As such the first folder/four-flap enclosure in box nine is labeled 9:21b. This is the plate for page two of the 21st poem in the publication.\nMaterials in this series primarily document the planning and implementation of the 1994 Furious Flower Poetry Conference: A Revolution in African American Poetry. Records include travel and lodging reservations, correspondence with participating poets, financial documentation and budgets, and mailing lists. Marketing and promotional items such as posters and brochures are included. Conference evaluations completed by attendees and folders labeled \"Positive Responses\" document the overwhelming success of the conference. Of particular interest are exhibit components from the 1994 conference that include text labels and images of each participating poet. The photographs for these panels were taken by C. B. Claiborne. Copy 225 of 300 of Furious Flower: A Revolution in African American Poetry is located in box 2, folder 5. The magnesium letterpress die plates used to print this collection of poetry are also included here. Each plate is individually housed in a four-flap enclosure and then boxed in order of appearance in the publication. Of significance are the video recordings documenting conference proceedings and interviews with Black poets.","This series contains 45 video recordings captured by John L. Hodges during the 1994 Furious Flower Poetry Conference as well as interviews with poets.","Opening invocation and welcome to participants for the 1994 Furious Flower Conference at James Madison University. The Opening Session was held at the Grafton-Stovall Theatre at James Madison University on Thursday, September 29, 1994 at 8:30 a.m. This footage was originally recorded on 1 MII videocassette.","The Critics' Roundtable, \"African American Poetry and the Vernacular Matrix,\" was held at the Grafton-Stovall Theatre at James Madison University on Thursday, September 29, 1994 at 9:30 a.m.","Original 1994 Furious Flower Poetry Conference program reads, \"African American poetry, perhaps more so than fiction and drama, has lent and continues to lend itself to the thematic and formalistic expression of its matrixing in African American culture, in the vernacular (folk and popular) culture in particular. This roundtable will investigate the nature and extent of this matrixing. It will consider the relationship of the folk to the popular vernacular mode, whether \"continuity\" or \"disjuncture\" best describes that relationship and how the difference between the two is imprinted upon the literature. It will also consider the nature and validity of rural/urban, southern/northern distinctions as they apply to cultural expressive manifestations such as the blues, and the degree to which these distinctions spill over into the poetry as a literary production. (Alvin Aubert)\"","This footage was originally recorded on 3 MII videocassettes.","Michael S. Harper's Keynote speech at the 1994 Furious Flower Conference. The session continued with poetry readings by Elizabeth Alexander, Gerald Barrax, Toi Derricotte, and E. Ethelbert Miller. The Keynote Speech and Poetry Reading was held at the Grafton-Stovall Theatre at James Madison University on Thursday, September 29, 1994 at 1 p.m. ","This footage was originally recorded on 2 MII videocassettes.","Poetry Readings by Sam Allen, Pinkie Gordon Lane, Haki Madhubuti, and Naomi Long Madgett at the 1994 Furious Flower Conference. The Poetry Reading was held at the Grafton-Stovall Theatre at James Madison University on Thursday, September 29, 1994 at 4:45 p.m. ","This footage was originally recorded on 2 MII videocassettes.","Poetry Readings by Amiri Baraka, Mari Evans, Michael S. Harper, and Sonia Sanchez at the 1994 Furious Flower Conference. The JMU Jazz Ensemble opened the session by playing \"Cherry Juice.\" The Poetry Reading was held at Wilson Hall, James Madison University on Thursday, September 29, 1994 at  8 p.m. ","This footage was originally recorded on 2 MII videocassettes.","The Critics' Roundtable, \"Critical Theories and Approaches in African American Poetry,\" was held at the Grafton-Stovall Theatre at James Madison University on Friday, September 30, 1994 at 9:30 a.m. ","Original 1994 Furious Flower Poetry Conference program reads, \"The work of literary theory and of theorizing in other areas of the human sciences is to specify what conditions obtain among those who create, those who make use of creations, and the languages (or signs) that enable creators and consumers to negotiate in a world of social constructions. In short, theory is obligated to explain relations between people and artifacts in the contexts of history and culture. In that sense, theory is necessary for rigorous examination of African American poetry. How might theory advance the study and appreciation of African American poetry? Within the frame of this questions, scholars on the panel will be asked to address what kind of critical or cultural theory seems most appropriate for understanding poetry, how such theories influence interpretive methods and approaches, and how must theorists themselves grapple with their own historicity in light of African American poetry's evolution from orature to literature to newer genres that mix orality and literacy. The aim of the panel is to clarify some problems of theory and poetry as they affect various audiences (Jerry W. Ward, Jr.)\" ","This footage was originally recorded on 4 MII videocassettes.","Rita Dove and Gwendolyn Brooks' Keynote Speeches at the 1994 Furious Flower Conference. The Keynotes were held at Wilson Hall, James Madison University on Friday, September 30, 1994 at 1 p.m. ","This footage was originally recorded on 2 MII videocassettes.","Poetry Readings by Dolores Kendrick, Nikki Giovanni, and Eugene Redmond at the 1994 Furious Flower Conference. The Poetry Reading was held at Wilson Hall, James Madison University on Friday, September 30, 1994 at 3 p.m. ","This footage was originally recorded on 2 MII videocassettes.","Tribute Banquet to honor important black poets at the 1994 Furious Flower Conference. Mari Evans, Raymond Patterson, Margaret Walker, Naomi Long Madgett, Samuel W. Allen, Pinkie Gordon Lane, and Gwendolyn Brooks were the honored poets. The banquet was held at Phillips Hall, James Madison University on Friday, September 30, 1994 at 7 p.m. ","This footage was originally recorded on 2 MII videocassettes.","The Critics' Roundtable, \"Writing a Literary History of African American Poetry,\" was held at the Grafton-Stovall Theatre at James Madison University on Saturday, October 1, 1994 at 9:30 a.m. ","Original 1994 Furious Flower Poetry Conference program reads, \"As the drum stands at the crossroads of traditional African and African American culture, so the poets stand at the center of the drum providing the cadence, connections and continuity that define their literary history. Panelists on this roundtable will speak on periodicity and identify significant literary movements from the Harlem Renaissance through the Black Arts Movement to hip-hop. In an attempt to provide a valid historical framework for the poetry, panelists will discuss major literary milestones and important poets emerging during the twentieth century. (Eugene Redmond)\" ","This footage was originally recorded on 3 MII videocassettes.","Poetry Free Read at the 1994 Furious Flower Conference. The Free Read was held at Grafton-Stovall Theatre, James Madison University on Saturday, October 1, 1994. ","This footage was originally recorded on a MII videocassette.","Poetry Readings by Jacqueline Brice-Finch, Gwen Butler, Kalamu ya Salaam, Jeannette Drake, Sybil Kein, Adam David Miller, Brenda Marie Osbey, Fabu Carter, Ester Iverem, and Mona Lisa Saloy at the 1994 Furious Flower Conference. The Poetry Reading was held at Grafton-Stovall Theatre, James Madison University on Saturday, October 1, 1994 at 2 p.m. ","This footage was originally recorded on 2 MII videocassettes.","Poetry Readings by The Dark Room Collective at the 1994 Furious Flower Conference. Established in Boston in 1988, The Dark Room Collective was first a reading series and later a small community of black poets and writers. The Dark Room Collective's poetry reading at the 1994 conference was held at Grafton-Stovall Theatre, James Madison University on Saturday, October 1, 1994 at 4:15 p.m. ","Tape 1 begins with the last 10 minutes of Poetry Reading 5 and The Dark Room Collective reading starts at the 12 minute mark. ","This footage was originally recorded on 2 MII videocassettes.","Conference Finale for the 1994 Furious Flower Conference. A celebration of black arts and culture, the conference finale featured musical and spoken word performances by Mellasenah Morris, the JMU Contemporary Gospel Singers, Val Gray Ward, and Bernice Johnson Reagon. The Conference Finale was held at Wilson Hall, James Madison University on Saturday, October 1, 1994 at 8 p.m. ","This footage was originally recorded on 6 MII videocassettes.","Supercuts of the 1994 Furious Flower Conference, featuring footage from all 3 days of the conference. This footage was originally recorded on 10 MII videocassettes.","Supercut 1/10 of the 1994 Furious Flower Conference, featuring selections from the conference opening session and Critics' Roundtable: African American Poetry and the Vernacular Matrix. ","This footage was originally recorded on a MII videocassette.","Supercut 2/10 of the 1994 Furious Flower Conference, featuring selections from Poetry Reading 1 (Elizabeth Alexander, Gerald Barrax; Toi Derricotte; and E. Ethelbert Miller) and Poetry Reading 2 (Sam Allen, Pinkie Gordon Lane, Haki Madhubuti, Naomi Long Madgett). ","This footage was originally recorded on a MII videocassette.","Supercut 3/10 of the 1994 Furious Flower Conference, featuring selections from Poetry Reading 2 (Naomi Long Madgett) and Poetry Reading 3 (Amiri Baraka, Mari Evans, Michael S. Harper, Sonia Sanchez). ","This footage was originally recorded on a MII videocassette.","Supercut 4/10 of the 1994 Furious Flower Conference, featuring selections from Critics' Roundtable: Critical Theories and Approaches in African American Poetry and the keynote speeches by Rita Dove and Gwendolyn Brooks. ","This footage was originally recorded on a MII videocassette.","Supercut 5/10 of the 1994 Furious Flower Conference, featuring the remainder of  Gwendolyn Brooks' keynote speech and selections from Poetry Reading 4 (Dolores Kendrick, Nikki Giovanni, Eugene Redmond). ","This footage was originally recorded on a MII videocassette.","Supercut 6/10 of the 1994 Furious Flower Conference, featuring selections from the Tribute Banquet. ","This footage was originally recorded on a MII videocassette.","Supercut 7/10 of the 1994 Furious Flower Conference, featuring selections from Critics' Roundtable: Writing a Literary History of African American Poetry. ","This footage was originally recorded on a MII videocassette. ","Supercut 8/10 of the 1994 Furious Flower Conference, featuring selections from  Poetry Reading 5 (Jacqueline Brice-Finch, Gwen Butler, Kalamu ya Salaam, Jeannette Drake, Sybil Kein, Adam David Miller, Brenda Marie Osbey, Fabu Carter, Ester Iverem, Mona Lisa Saloy, and Quo Vadis Gex-Breaux). ","This footage was originally recorded on a MII videocassette.","Supercut 9/10 of the 1994 Furious Flower Conference, featuring selections from The Dark Room Collective: A Fisted Reading. ","This footage was originally recorded on a MII videocassette. ","Supercut 10/10 of the 1994 Furious Flower Conference, featuring selections from the Conference Finale. ","This footage was originally recorded on a MII videocassette. ","Audience footage of Poetry Reading 2 from the 1994 Furious Flower Conference. This footage was originally recorded on a MII videocassette.","Footage of posters, books, various artifacts, and exhibits at the 1994 Furious Flower Conference. This footage was originally recorded on a MII videocassette.","Audience footage of Critics' Roundtable: Critical Theories and Approaches in African American Poetry from the 1994 Furious Flower Conference. This footage was originally recorded on a MII videocassette.","Audience footage of Critics' Roundtable: Writing a Literary History of African American Poetry from the 1994 Furious Flower Conference. This footage was originally recorded on a MII videocassette.","Audience footage of Poetry Reading 5 from the 1994 Furious Flower Conference. This footage was originally recorded on a MII videocassette.","Interview with E. Ethelbert Miller at the 1994 Furious Flower Conference. Miller was interviewed by Eugenia Collier in this recording. This footage was originally recorded on MII videocassettes.","Interviews with poets at the 1994 Furious Flower Conference. Featured in this video is Eugene Redmond interviewed by Jabari Asim, Major Jackson interviewed by Vera Beatty, Dolores Kendrick  interviewed by Judith Thomas. This footage was originally recorded on a MII videocassette.","Interviews with poets at the 1994 Furious Flower Conference. Featured in this video is Gerald Barrax interviewed by Joyce Pettis and Nikki Giovanni interviewed by Virginia Fowler. This footage was originally recorded on a MII videocassette.","Interviews with poets at the 1994 Furious Flower Conference. Featured in this video is Major Jackson interviewed by Vera Beatty, Dolres Kendrick interviewed by Judith Thomas, Pinkie Gordon Lane interviewed by Sandra Govan, and Michael S. Harper interviewed by Aldon Nielsen. This footage was originally recorded on a MII videocassette.","Interviews with poets at the 1994 Furious Flower Conference. Featured in this video is Mari Evans interviewed by Val Gray Ward, Everett Hoagland interviewed by Kalamu ya Salaam, and Sonia Sanchez interviewed by Lorenzo Thomas. This footage was originally recorded on a MII videocassette.","Interviews with poets at the 1994 Furious Flower Conference. Featured in this video is Sam Allen interviewed by Jerry Ward, Alvin Aubert interviewed by Lenard Moore, and Amiri Baraka interviewed by Askia Touré. This footage was originally recorded on a MII videocassette.","Interviews with poets at the 1994 Furious Flower Conference. Featured in this video is Sherley Anne Williams interviewed by Deborah McDowell. This footage was originally recorded on a MII videocassette.","Interviews with poets at the 1994 Furious Flower Conference. Featured in this video is Toi Derricotte interviewed by Opal Moore, Haki Madhubuti interviewed by Sonia Sanchez, and Naomi Long Madgett interviewed by Eleanor Traylor. This footage was originally recorded on a MII videocassette.","Arranged alphabetically.","Materials in this series primarily document the planning and implementation of the 2004 Furious Flower Poetry Conference: Regenerating the Black Poetic Tradition. Records include travel and lodging reservations, correspondence with participating poets, financial documentation and budgets, and mailing lists. Marketing and promotional items such as posters and brochures are included. During the 2004 conference, notable African American scholars including Tony Bolden, Hilary Holladay, and Monifa Love conducted interviews with presenting conference poets including Houston Baker, Rita Dove, and Tony Medina. The corresponding transcripts are included and are particularly significant to African American poetry scholarship. Of particular interest is congratulatory correspondence and RSVP regrets for the 2004 conference from Julian Bond, Governor Mark Warner, Senator George Allen, the office of President George W. Bush and Senator John Kerry, President and CEO of the NAACP Kweisi Mfume, and many others. Some of these letters were printed in the official conference program. Also of interest are evaluations completed by conference attendees. Six  silk banners used to decorate the Wilson Hall auditorium during the conference are included in this series. The banners are rolled onto dowels and housed in a rolled storage container. Currently, the silk banners may only be requested (in writing) by Furious Flower Poetry Center staff.","Opening Session and welcome to participants for the 2004 Furious Flower Conference at James Madison University. The first recording is a copy of the ten-minute documentary that was shown during the opening session and the second tape features performances and remarks from the session itself. The Opening Session was held at College Center at James Madison University on Thursday, September 23, 2004 at 8:30 a.m.","This footage was originally recorded on 1 MDV and 1 DVCAM videocassettes.","The first Critics' Roundtable of the 2004 Furious Flower Conference at James Madison University. Trudier Harris moderated the session while Maryemma Graham, Hilary Holladay, and Tony Bolden critically discussed turn of the twentieth century poetry, The Black Arts Movement, and modern Black poetry. The session was held at College Center Ballroom at James Madison University on Thursday, September 23, 2004 at 9:30 a.m. ","This footage was originally recorded on 3 DVCAM videocassettes.","Footage of the luncheon hosted by the George Moses Horton Society at the 2004 Furious Flower Conference. The 2004 Furious Flower Poetry Conference program reads, \"Members of the George Moses Horton Society, based at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, will host a luncheon on Thursday, September 23. The Horton Society was concieved by Trudier Harris in the spring of 1996 as a way to encourage sustained scholarly focus on the works of African American poets and to foster presentation and publishing opportunities for that scholarship. Yusef Komunyakaa and T.J. Anderson are the featured speakers.\" This footage only shows a portion of the presentation by T.J. Anderson and Yusef Komunyakaa before cutting off abruptly. The luncheon was held in the College Center Ballroom, James Madison University on Thursday, September 23, 2004 at 11:45 a.m. ","This footage was originally recorded on 1 DVCAM videocassette.","Keynote Speech and Poetry Reading 1 at the 2004 Furious Flower Conference. Houston A. Baker Jr. gave his keynote speech entitled, \"The Poetry of Impulse: Six Inches of African Stone and Lyrical Black Consciousness\" after an introduction by Trudier Harris. The session continued a presentation of the Furious Flower Lifetime Achievement Award to Houston A. Baker Jr. by Jerry W. Ward Jr. and Joanne Gabbin. Susan Facknitz introduced the next segment, a poetry reading with Jabari Asim, Major Jackson, Tony Medina, Opal Moore, Sharan Strange, and Yusef Komunyakaa. The Keynote Speech and Poetry Reading 1 was held at Wilson Hall Auditorium, James Madison University on Friday, September 23, 1994 at 1:15 p.m.","This footage was originally recorded on 2 DVCAM videocassettes. ","Footage of Concurrent Sessions and the Furious Flower Art Opening Reception at the 2004 Furious Flower Conference. The first half of the footage shows snippets of concurrent sessions held in various rooms in Taylor Hall from 4:30-5:45pm on Thursday, September 23, 2004. The second half of the footage features the art opening reception, about which the original 2004 Furious Flower Poetry Conference program states, \"Commissioned to bring visual attention to the work of African American poets and symbolizing the flowering of African American poetry, this important and original work of art by Atlanta artist Malaika Favorite will be unveiled.\" The reception was held in Taylor Hall Room 405 at James Madison University on Thursday, September 23, 2004 at 6:45 p.m. ","This footage was originally recorded on 2 DVCAM videocassettes.","Poetry Reading 2 at the 2004 Furious Flower Conference. This reading featured the following prominent Black poets: Brenda Marie Osbey, Kevin Young, E. Ethelbert Miller, Haki Madhubuti, Lucille Clifton, and Nikki Giovanni.  Kalamu ya Salaam introduced the poets at the beginning of the session. The Poetry Reading was held in Wilson Hall Auditorium at James Madison University on Thursday, September 23, 2004 at 8 p.m. ","This footage was originally recorded on 2 DVCAM videocassettes.","The second Critics' Roundtable of the 2004 Furious Flower Conference at James Madison University. Daryl C. Dance moderated the session while Velma Pollard, Mark Sanders, Eleanor Traylor, and Omékongo Dibinga presented about the topic cross pollination in the African diaspora. The session was held at College Center Ballroom at James Madison University on Friday, September 24, 2004 at 9:30 a.m. ","This footage was originally recorded on 3 DVCAM videocassettes.","Laureate's Circle poetry reading at the 2004 Furious Flower Conference. This reading featured the following prominent Black poets: Eugene Redmond, Dolores Kendrick, Askia Touré, Rita Dove, Amiri Baraka, and Sonia Sanchez. Joanne Gabbin introduced the poets at the beginning of the session. The Laureate's Circle reading was held in Wilson Hall Auditorium, James Madison University on Friday, September 24, 2004 at 1:30 p.m. ","This footage was originally recorded on 3 VHS videocassettes.","Poetry Reading 3 at the 2004 Furious Flower Conference. This reading featured the following prominent Black poets: Harryette Mullen, Alvin Aubert, Nikky Finney, Everett Hoagland, jessica Care moore, and Kalamu ya Salaam. Tony Medina introduced the poets at the beginning of the session. The Poetry Reading was held in Wilson Hall Auditorium at James Madison University on Friday, September 24, 2004 at 3:30 p.m. This footage was originally recorded on 2 VHS videocassettes.","Tribute Banquet for the 2004 Furious Flower Conference at James Madison University. Furious Flower Lifetime Achievement Awards were presented to the following poets: Alvin Aubert, Amiri Baraka, Lucille Clifton, Nikki Giovanni, Haki Madhubuti, Velma Pollard, Eugene Redmond, Sonia Sanchez, and Askia Touré. The event also featured music by D.J. Renegade and the following as presenters: Melba Boyd, William \"Billy Joe\" Harris, Hilary Holladay, Sandra Govan, Quraysh Ali Lansana, Daryl Dance, Howard Rambsy, Lamont Steptoe, and Eleanor Traylor. The banquet was held in the College Center Ballroom, James Madison University on Friday, September 24, 2004 at 7:30 p.m. ","This footage was originally recorded on 4 DVCAM videocassettes.  ","Poetry Jam event at the 2004 Furious Flower Poetry Conference at James Madison University. The original 2004 Furious Flower Poetry Conference program reads, \"Outstanding poets read and perform their work. Music will be provided by the Joel Dias-Porter Quartet. Porter, aka D.J. Renegade, will emcee the event on Friday, September 24 at 10:30 p.m.\" Participants included Joel Dias-Porter, Quo Vadis Gex Breaux, Mona Lisa Saloy, Lenard Moore, Angela Shannon, Lamont Steptoe, and Samantha Thornhill. The event was held at College Center Ballroom, James Madison University on Friday, September 24, 2004 at 10:30 p.m. ","This footage was originally recorded on 1 DVCAM videocassette.","The third Critics' Roundtable of the 2004 Furious Flower Conference at James Madison University. Opal Moore moderated the session while E. Ethelbert Miller, Toi Derricotte, Kelli Norman Ellis, and Sharan Strange discussed the need for MFA writing programs at historically Black colleges and universities, the development of Cave Canem, Chicago State University's MFA writing program, and the history of the Dark Room Collective. The session was held at Grafton Stovall Theater, James Madison University on Saturday, September 25, 2004 at 9:30 a.m. ","This footage was originally recorded on 3 DVCAM videocassettes.","Cave Canem Reunion Luncheon and Open Mic event at the 2004 Furious Flower Conference at James Madison University. The footage begins with the presentation segments of the Cave Canem luncheon before switching to the Open Mic event. Tyehimba Jess was the Emcee for the Open Mic Reading and many poets read their poetry. The luncheon was held in the Phillips Center Ballroom, James Madison University on Saturday, September 25, 2004 at 12:00 p.m. and the Open Mic Reading was held in Grafton Stovall Theater,  at 1:30 p.m. ","This footage was originally recorded on 3 DVCAM videocassettes.","Cave Canem Reunion Reading at the 2004 Furious Flower Conference at James Madision University. The footage begins with a circle jam poetry reading before switching to the Cave Canem Reading. Cornelius Eady, Marilyn Nelson, Kwame Dawes, Elizabeth Alexander, and Toi Derricotte each read their poetry as part of this event. The reading was held in Grafton Stovall Theater, James Madison University on Saturday, September 25, 2004 at 3:30 p.m. ","This footage was originally recorded on 2 DVCAM videocassettes.","Conference Finale for the 2004 Furious Flower Conference. The event featured two musical groups: \"Fertile Ground\" a soul and jazz band from Baltimore, Maryland and \"The Full Moon of Sonia\" which sets Sonia Sanchez's poetry to music. The Conference Finale was held at Wilson Hall Auditorium, James Madison University on Saturday, September 25, 2004 at 8 p.m. ","This footage was originally recorded on 2 videocassettes.","Lifetime Achievement Award Banquet for the 2024 Furious Flower Conference at James Madison University. jessica Care moore and Tony Medina hosted the banquet and David Berry provided the music. Furious Flower Lifetime Achievement Awards were presented to the following poets: Elizabeth Alexander, Kwame Dawes, Cornelius Eady, Nikky Finney, Lorna Goodison, E. Ethelbert Miller, Harryette Mullen, Niyi Osundare, Timothy Seibles, and Patricia Smith. The banquet was held in the Festival Ballroom at James Madison University on Wednesday, September 18, 2024 at 6 p.m.","Opening session and welcome to the participants for the 2024 Furious Flower Conference at James Madison University. A video introduction featuring Afaa M. Weaver opened the session, followed by an in memoriam slideshow. Lauren Alleyne presented an overview of the Furious Flower Poetry Center's work since the 2014 conference. Traci Zimmerman, the Dean of the College of Arts and Letters Dean and interim-Provost, Bob Kolvoord made remarks, and Bethany Nowviskie, Dean of JMU Libraries, gave a presentation about the Mellon Foundation grant partnership between Furious Flower and JMU Libraries. The Opening Session was held in the Festival Ballroom at James Madison University on Thursday, September 19, 2024 at 8:15 a.m.","Keynote Reading and Conversation with honored poets, Elizabeth Alexander \u0026 Kwame Dawes, at the 2024 Furious Flower Conference. Alexander and Dawes read poetry and engaged in discussion with Shara McCallum and Terrance Hayes. The Keynote Reading and Conversation was held in the Festival Ballroom at James Madison University on Thursday, September 19, 2024 at 9:15 a.m.","The Worlds of Black Poetry: Critical Portals, Pathways, and Emergences panel at the 2024 Furious Flower Conference at James Madison University.  Keith Leonard, Jahan Ramazani, Evie Shockley, and Mecca Jamilah Sullivan each presented a paper showcasing the depth and breath of the worlds of Black poetry. Topics of discussion included: avant-garde poetry, elegy and Caribbean poetry, Black confessional poetry, Black feminism, and Black queer poetics. This panel was held in the Festival Ballroom at James Madison University on Thursday, September 19, 2024 at 11:15 a.m.","A Decade of Poetic Experiment: 2014 to 2024 panel at the 2024 Furious Flower Conference at James Madison University. Aldon Lynn Nielsen, C.S. Giscombe, Meta DuEwa Jones, Mark McMorris, Duriel E. Harris, and Douglas Kearney engaged in a round table discussion about the past decade in Black poetry. Experimentation by poets and critics is of particular focus during this panel. This discussion was held in the Festival Ballroom at James Madison University on Thursday, September 19, 2024 at 2 p.m.","Furious Flower Poetry Prize Winner \u0026 Honorable Mention Reading at the 2024 Furious Flower Conference. Winner, Michelle Alexander, Honorable Mention, Raejeana Brooks, and judge, Roger Reeves, read poetry and answered questions from the audience. The Furious Flower Poetry Prize Winner \u0026 Honorable Mention Reading was held in the Festival Ballroom at James Madison University on Thursday, September 19, 2024 at 3:30 p.m.","Black Universe I: Featured Poets Reading at the 2024 Furious Flower Conference. This reading featured the following prominent Black poets from across the world: Rita Dove, Jericho Brown, Camille T. Dungy, Alexis Pauline Gumbs, Malika Booker, Patricia Jabbeh Wesley, Tyehimba Jess, Remica Bingham-Risher, Matthew Shenoda, Lillian-Yvonne Bertram, Cornelius Eady, Frank X. Walker, and Nikky Finney. The Black Universe I: Featured Poets Reading was held in the Festival Ballroom at James Madison University on Thursday, September 19, 2024 at 7 p.m.","Dear Yusef: Celebrating the Life \u0026 Work of Poet \u0026 Professor Yusef Komunyakaa panel at the 2024 Furious Flower Conference. Lynne Thompson, Joel Dias-Porter, Linda Susan Jackson, and Dante Micheaux discussed a new anthology entitled \"Dear Yusef.\" Panelists also shared their personal experiences working with Yusef Kumanyaka and read poetry from the anthology. The session closed with the presenters answering audience questions. This panel was held in the Festival Ballroom at James Madison University on Friday, September 20, 2024 at 8:15 a.m.","Walk With Me: Freedom Fighter's Homage presentation and performance at the 2024 Furious Flower Conference. The session featured a discussion, live performances, and answering questions from the audience. The performance itself examined the long road to freedom for Black people in America and included song, spoken word poetry, and dance. This session was held in the Festival Ballroom at James Madison University on Friday, September 20, 2024 at 9:45 a.m.","Laureate Reading and Conversation at the 2024 Furious Flower Conference. Rita Dove, Poet Laureate of the United States, 1993-1995, introduced poet laureates from across the country and moderated a conversation after the readings. Featured poets included: Angela Jackson (Illinois), Curtis Crisler (Indiana), Amanda Johnston (Texas), avery r. young (Chicago, IL), and Glenis Redmond (Greenville, SC).  The Laureate Reading and Conversation was held in the Festival Ballroom at James Madison University on Friday, September 20, 2024 at 11:15 a.m.","Magnitude \u0026 Bond: A Preview of a Field Study on Black Literary Organizations panel at the 2024 Furious Flower Conference. Lisa Willis, Candace G. Wiley, Nichelle M. Hayes, and Duriel E. Harris discussed the Magnitude and Bond field study. The presenters represented four organizations that are participating in the field study: Cave Canem, The Watering Hole, Center for Black Literature \u0026 Culture (CBLC), and Obsidian: Literature \u0026 Arts in the African Diaspora. The group conversed about why the field study is important, positives and negatives they have experienced as leaders of Black literary arts organizations, and how organizations were chosen for the field study. The session closed with a questions from the audience. This panel was held in the Festival Ballroom at James Madison University on Friday, September 20, 2024 at 2 p.m.","Black Universe II: Featured Poets Reading at the 2024 Furious Flower Conference. This reading featured the following prominent Black poets from across the world: Ross Gay, Erica Hunt, francine j. harris, Roger Reeves, DaMaris Hill, Efe Paul Azino, Merle Collins, Danez Smith, Tara Betts, A. B. Spellman, Lorna Goodison, E. Ethelbert Miller, and Harryette Mullen. The Black Universe II: Featured Poets Reading was held in the Festival Ballroom at James Madison University on Friday, September 20, 2024 at 7 p.m.","Growing a New Garden: Furious Flowering in Classrooms panel at the 2024 Furious Flower Conference. Panelists Anastacia-Reneé, allia abdullah-matta, Brian Hannon, Carmin Wong, and Keisha-Gaye Anderson discussed the Furious Flower Syllabus project, an open access syllabus for a range of educational contexts. Each presenter highlighted their favorite poem featured in the project curriculum, conversed about creating the syllabus, and expressed the importance of such an undertaking. This panel was held in the Festival Ballroom at James Madison University on Saturday, September 21, 2024 at 8:15 a.m.","Black Universe III: Featured Poets Reading at the 2024 Furious Flower Conference. This reading featured the following prominent Black poets from across the world: Kei Miller, Shara McCallum, Tim Seibles, Anastacia Renée, Gregory Pardlo. Joanne Gabbin introduced each poet with a personally written haiku. The Black Universe III: Featured Poets Reading was held in the Festival Ballroom at James Madison University on Saturday, September 21, 2024 at 9:45 a.m.","Black Joy in Song performance at the 2024 Furious Flower Conference. Sonya Gabrielle Baker, Albert Lee, and Jeremiah Padilla performed poetry set to music, incorporating both vocal and instrumental music. This performance was held in the Festival Ballroom at James Madison University on Saturday, September 21, 2024 at 12:30 p.m.","A Vital History: The Cambridge Anthology Roundtable at the 2024 Furious Flower Conference. Panelists Matt Sandler, Carlyn Ferrari, Marta Werbanowska, McKinley Melton, Annette Debo, and Emily Ruth Rutter discussed an upcoming anthology. Each panelist described their essay from the anthology, including topics such as Black poets of the abolition movement, Black women poets, the Black eco-poetic tradition, elegy, and more. The session concluded with a panel discussion and audience questions. This panel was held in the Festival Ballroom at James Madison University on Saturday, September 21, 2024 at 2 p.m.","Black Universe IV: Featured Poets Reading at the 2024 Furious Flower Conference. This reading featured the following prominent Black poets from across the world: Terrance Hayes, Evie Shockley, Niyi Osundare, Canisia Lubrin, Patricia Smith, and Kwame Dawes. Lauren Alleyne closed the session by reading a new poem. The Black Universe IV: Featured Poets Reading was held in the Festival Ballroom at James Madison University on Saturday, September 21, 2024 at 3:30 p.m.","Closing Remarks for the 2024 Furious Flower Conference. Lauren Alleyne, the Executive Director of the Furious Flower Poetry Center, concluded the conference by expressing gratitude for everyone involved with the event in some way. This event was held in the Festival Ballroom at James Madison University on Saturday, September 21, 2024 at 5 p.m.","Interview with Camille Dungy, Ross Gay, Alexis Pauline Gumbs, and Niyi Osundare at the 2024 Furious Flower conference. Nate Marshall moderated the conversation, posing questions about the theme Black planet. The group discussed the relationship between Black identity and the environment, how crafting poetry allows them to explore new relationships with the natural world, and what the worlds of Black poetry mean to them. The interview was recorded in the Festival Conference and Student Center at James Madison University on Thursday, September 19, 2024.","Interview with Erica Hunt, A.B. Spellman, and Glenis Redmond at the 2024 Furious Flower Conference. Keisha-Gaye Anderson moderated the conversation, posing questions about the theme life in poetry. The group discussed why they chose poetry, pivotal moments in their careers, the role of community and collaboration in their development as poets, advice for emerging poets, lessons learned, and what the worlds of Black poetry mean to them. The interview was recorded in the Festival Conference and Student Center at James Madison University on Thursday, September 19, 2024.","Interview with Malika Booker, Danez Smith, and Frank X. Walker at the 2024 Furious Flower Conference. Keith Leonard moderated the conversation, posing questions about the theme collectives and community. The group discussed why it is important to be involved in their respective communities or collectives, the importance of inter-generational connections, and what the worlds of Black poetry mean to them. The interview was recorded in the Festival Conference and Student Center at James Madison University on Thursday, September 19, 2024.","Interview with Anastacia Renée, Canisia Lubrin, and Lillian Yvonne Bertram at the 2024 Furious Flower conference. Mecca Jamilah Sullivan moderated the conversation, posing questions about the theme poetic experimentation. The group discussed what poetic experimentation means to them, the experience of experimentation, what is lost when discussing the process of experimentation, and what the worlds of black poetry mean to them. The interview was recorded in the Festival Conference and Student Center at James Madison University on Friday, September 20, 2024.","Interview with Evie Shockley, Remica Bingham-Risher, Terrance Hayes, and DaMaris Hill at the 2024 Furious Flower Conference. Meta DuEwa Jones moderated the conversation, posing questions about the theme creative scholarship. The group discussed what scholarship means to them, how the market does or does not affect their work, their collaborative practices, the worlds of black poetry as they relate to their scholarly, creative, and critical work, and finding joy in their work. The interview was recorded in the Festival Conference and Student Center at James Madison University on Friday, September 20, 2024.","Interview with Matthew Shenoda, Efe Paul Azino, and Patricia Jabbeh Wesley at the 2024 Furious Flower Conference. Gbenga Adesina moderated the conversation, posing questions about the theme continental conversations. The group discussed diasporic influences, how their work may shape poetry moving forward, and the books or projects they currently working on. This interview was recorded in the Festival Conference and Student Center at James Madison University on Friday, September 20, 2024.","Interview with Tara Betts, avery r. young, Danez Smith, and Mahogany L. Browne  at the 2024 Furious Flower Conference. McKinley Melton moderated the conversation, posing questions about the theme performance. The group discussed what the worlds of Black poetry mean to them, how they see their work engaging in the expansiveness of poetic performance, the best lessons they have learned from their time as poets and performers, and what it means to be at Furious Flower. This interview was recorded in the Festival Conference and Student Center at James Madison University on Friday, September 20, 2024.","Interview with Tyehimba Jess, francine j. harris, jessica Care moore and Airea D. Matthews at the 2024 Furious Flower conference. Ajanaé Dawkins moderated the conversation, posing questions about the theme Detroit conversations. Each poet read one of their poems, discussed how the school of Detroit poetry shaped them, and talked about the evolution of Detroit poetry. This interview was recorded in the Festival Conference and Student Center at James Madison University on Saturday, September 21, 2024.","Interview with Lorna Goodison, Merle Collins, Kei Miller, and Malika Booker at the 2024 Furious Flower conference. Jahan Ramazani moderated the conversation, posing questions about the theme Caribbean conversations. The group discussed Caribbean identity, diasporic identity, the distinctiveness of the Caribbean experience, and what the worlds of Black poetry mean to them. This interview was recorded in the Festival Conference and Student Center at James Madison University on Saturday, September 21, 2024.","Interview with Roger Reeves, Jericho Brown, and Gregory Pardlo at the 2024 Furious Flower conference. Curtis Crisler moderated the conversation, posing questions about the theme Black masculinity. The group discussed their definitions of Black masculinity, how they show vulnerability in their poetry, and what the worlds of Black poetry mean to them. This interview was recorded in the Festival Conference and Student Center at James Madison University on Saturday, September 21, 2024.","A copy of Mourning Katrina: A Poetic Response to Tragedy Buena Vista, Va.: Mariner Publishing, 2009 and 73 Poems for 73 Years: Celebrating the Life of Lucille Clifton Harrisonburg, Va.: Virginia Tech Printing Services, 2010 were removed from Series 2, catalogued, and placed in the Special Collections rare book collection. ","The following titles were removed from Series 3 and catalogued: Opala, Joseph A. The Gullah: rice, slavery and the Sierra Leone-American connection. Freetown, Sierra Leone: USIS, 1987; Opala, Joseph. Krio in a nutshell.: Krio Grammar with Lessons, Exercise and Vocabulary, Vol. 1. Freetown, Sierra Leone: [publisher not identified], 1991; Opala, Joseph. Krio in a nutshell.: Krio Conversation with Dialogues, Stories, Proverbs, etc., Vol. 2. Freetown, Sierra Leone: [publisher not identified], 1991; Geraty, Virginia Mixson. Bittle en' t'ing': Gullah cooking with Maum Chrish'. Orangeburg, S.C.: Sandlapper Pub., 1992.","A broadside printing of Rita Dove's \"Ode to My Right Knee\" (no. 39 of 100) was removed from the collection and cataloged separately.","Copyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Copyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Copyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Copyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Copyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Copyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Copyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Copyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Copyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Copyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Copyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Copyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Copyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Copyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Copyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Copyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Copyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Copyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Copyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Copyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Copyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Copyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Copyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Copyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Copyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Copyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Copyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Copyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Copyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Copyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Copyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Copyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Copyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Copyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Copyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Copyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Copyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Copyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Copyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Copyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Copyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Copyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Copyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Copyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Copyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Copyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Copyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Copyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Copyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Copyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Copyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Copyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Copyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Copyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Copyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Copyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Copyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Copyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Copyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Copyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Copyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Copyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Copyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Copyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Copyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Copyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Copyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Copyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Copyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Copyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Copyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Copyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Copyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Copyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Copyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Copyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Copyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Copyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Copyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Copyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Copyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The Furious Flower Poetry Center Records, consisting of 17.6 cubic feet (43 boxes, 1 rolled storage container), document the departmental activities of the Furious Flower Poetry Center.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","James Madison University. Furious Flower Poetry Center","Furious Flower Conference (1st ) (Location of meeting: James Madison University). Date of meeting or treaty signing: 1994 :.)","Furious Flower Conference (2nd ) (Location of meeting: James Madison University). Date of meeting or treaty signing: 2004 :.)","Furious Flower Conference (3rd ) (Location of meeting: James Madison University). Date of meeting or treaty signing: 2014 :.)","Furious Flower Poetry Center (1999-2004)","James Madison University. Jazz Ensemble","Berry Media Group","Gabbin, Joanne V. (Joanne Veal), 1946-","Alleyne, Lauren K.","Hodges, John L.","Wright, Steven","Facknitz, Susan","Brice-Finch, Jacqueline","Claiborne, C. B. (Claudius B.)","Carrier, Ronald E., 1932-2017","Hunt, Doris","Ward, Val Gray (1932-08-21-2024-03-07)","Brown, Vernisha","Aubert, Alvin (1930-03-12-2014-12-06)","Alexander, Elizabeth, 1962-","Traylor, Eleanor W.","Williams, Sherley Anne, 1944-1999","Stover, Darrell \"SCIPOET\"","Drew, Shahara","Miller, Adam David (1922-10-08-2020-11-04)","Love, Monifa A.","Thompson, Mylea","Harper, Michael S. (Michael Steven), 1938-2016","Ellis, Thomas Sayers (1963)","Keene, John (John R.), 1965-","Barrax, Gerald W. (Gerald William) (1933-06-21-2019-12-07)","Derricotte, Toi, 1941-","Miller, E. Ethelbert (Eugene Ethelbert) (1950-11-20)","Allen, Samuel W. (Samuel Washington) (1917-12-09-2015-06-27)","Phillips, Carl, 1959-","Lane, Pinkie Gordon (1923-2008-12-03)","Madhubuti, Haki R., 1942-","Madgett, Naomi Cornelia Long (1923-07-23-2020-11-05)","Baraka, Amiri, 1934-2014","Touré, Askia M. (1938-10-13)","Evans, Mari, 1919-2017","Sanchez, Sonia, 1934-","Ward, Jerry W., Jr. (Jerry Washington), 1943-","Joyce, Joyce Ann, 1949-","Nielsen, Aldon Lynn (1950-10-20)","Rampersad, Arnold (1941-11-13)","Thomas, Lorenzo, 1944-2005","Renegade, D. J.","Salaam, Kalamu ya, 1947-","McDowell, Deborah E., 1951-","Dove, Rita (1952-08-28)","Kendrick, Dolores, 1927-2017","Brooks, Gwendolyn, 1917-2000","Giovanni, Nikki (1943-2024)","Redmond, Eugene (Eugene B.) (1937-12-01)","Gayles, Gloria Jean Wade (19380701)","Collier, Eugenia W. (1928-04-06)","Patterson, Raymond R. (1929-12-14-2001-04-05)","Graham, Maryemma (1949-06-13)","Moore, Opal (1953)","Gabbin, Alexander L. (1945)","Asim, Jabari, 1962-","Braxton, Joanne M. (1950)","Taylor, Clyde (1931-07-03-2024-01-24)","Steptoe, Lamont B., 1949-","Gillespie, Carmen (1965-06-17-2019-08-30)","Coates, Ta-Nehisi (Ta-Nehisi Paul) (1975-09-30)","Rice, Dorothy Marie, 1948-","Blackman, Toni","Alexander, Kwame (1968-08-21)","deGannes, Nehassaiu","Kein, Sybil (1939-09-29-2022-10-28)","Osbey, Brenda Marie (1957-12-12)","Iverem, Esther, 1960-","Saloy, Mona Lisa (19500701)","Drake, Jeannette M.","Fabu","Dance, Daryl Cumber (1938-01-17)","Trethewey, Natasha D., 1966-","Jackson, Major, 1968-","Beatty, Vera L.","Strange, Sharan (1959)","Young, Kevin (Kevin Lowell), 1970-","Gex, Quo Vadis","Bullock, Byron","Morris, Mellasenah Young","Reagon, Bernice Johnson, 1942-","Pettis, Joyce Owens","Fowler, Virginia C., 1948-","Goven, Sandra","Hoagland, Everett (1942-12-18)","Moore, Lenard D., 1958-","Brown, Douglas T.","Harris, Trudier (1948-02)","Holladay, Hilary (1961-07-03)","Bolden, Tony","Clifton, Lucille, 1936-2010","Hughes, Langston (James Mercer Langston), 1902-1967","Anderson, T. J., III, 1958-","Komunyakaa, Yusef (1947-04-29)","Baker, Houston A., Jr., 1943-","Medina, Tony (1966-01-10)","Debo, Annette, 1964-","Favorite, Malaika, 1949-","Pollard, Velma (1937-03-26)","Sanders, Mark A., 1963-","Dibinga, Omékongo","Mullen, Harryette Romell (1953-07-01)","Finney, Nikky (1957-08-26)","Moore, Jessica Care","Boyd, Melba Joyce (1950-04-02)","Harris, William J., 1942-","Lansana, Quraysh Ali (1964-09-13)","Rambsy, Howard (1976)","Rose, Linwood H. (Linwood Howard), 1951-","Thornhill, Samantha","Shannon, Angela","Ellis, Kelly Norman, 1964-","Jess, Tyehimba","Betts, Tara","Singleton, Giovanni","Harris, Duriel E.","Walker, Frank X., 1961-","Sheba Queen","Moon, Kamilah Aisha (1972-09-05)","Martin, Dawn Lundy (1975)","Obadike, Mendi Lewis, 1973-","Shockley, Evie, 1965-","Eady, Cornelius, 1954-","Nelson, Marilyn, 1946-","Dawes, Kwame Senu Neville, 1962-","Warner, Mark R. (Mark Robert) (1954-12-15)","Allen, George, 1952-","Mfume, Kweisi (1948-10-24)","Okai, Atukwei, 1941-","Bond, Julian (Horace Julian), 1940-2015","Obama, Barack","Goodison, Lorna (1947-08-01)","Osundare, Niyi, 1947-","Seibles, Tim (1955)","Smith, Patricia, 1955-","Adesina, Gbenga","Berry, David E., 1982-","Melton, McKinley","Jones, Meta DuEwa","Marshall, Nate, (Poet)","Oliver, Patrick M.","Morgan, Shauna M.","Weaver, Afaa M. (Afaa Michael), 1951-","Kolvoord, Robert","Zimmerman, Traci","Nowviskie, Bethany","McCallum, Shara, 1972-","Hayes, Terrance (1971)","Leonard, Keith D., 1969-","Ramazani, Jahan, 1960-","Sullivan, Mecca Jamillah","Jaji, Tsitsi (Tsitsi Ella)","Giscombe, C. S. (Cecil S.), 1950-","McMorris, Mark","Scheyer, Lauri (1952-09-08)","Williams, Tyrone (1954-02-24-2024-03-11)","Reeves, Roger","Alexander, Michelle, (Poet)","Brooks, RaeJeana","Brown, Jericho","Dungy, Camille T. (Camille Thornton), 1972-","Gumbs, Alexis Pauline, 1982-","Booker, Malika (1970)","Wesley, Patricia Jabbeh (1955-08-07)","Bingham-Risher, Remica (1981)","Shenoda, Matthew (1977-07-14)","Bertram, Lillian-Yvonne, 1983-","Thompson, Lynne, 1951-","Dias-Porter, Joel.","Jackson, Linda Susan","Micheaux, Dante","Sealey, Nicole","Faison, Latorial (1973)","Pinson, Hermine (1953-07-20)","Glenn, Leah","Crisler, Curtis L.","Johnston, Amanda, 1977-","young, avery r.","Redmond, Glenis (1963-08-27)","Willis, Lisa (20)","Wiley, Candace G.","Hayes, Nichelle M.","Gay, Ross (Ross Alexander), 1974-","Hunt, Erica, 1955-","Harris, Francine J.","Azino, Efe Paul (20)","Collins, Merle (1950-09-29)","Smith, Danez","Spellman, A. B., 1935-","Anastacia-Reneé","abdullah-matta, allia","Hannon, Brian James","Wong, Carmin.","Anderson, Keisha-Gaye","Miller, Kei (1978)","Pardlo, Gregory","Padilla, Jeremiah.","Baker, Sonya G.","Lee, Albert Rudolph","Sandler, Matt","Ferrari, Carlyn Ena, 1984-","Werbanowska, Marta.","Rutter, Emily Ruth (1978-02-28)","Lubrin, Canisia, 1984-","Browne, Mahogany L.","English"],"unitid_tesim":["UA 0017","/repositories/4/resources/488"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Furious Flower Poetry Center Records"],"collection_title_tesim":["Furious Flower Poetry Center Records"],"collection_ssim":["Furious Flower Poetry Center Records"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"geogname_ssm":["United States -- Poetry","United States -- Intellectual life -- 20th century","United States -- Intellectual life -- 21st century"],"geogname_ssim":["United States -- Poetry","United States -- Intellectual life -- 20th century","United States -- Intellectual life -- 21st century"],"creator_ssm":["James Madison University. Furious Flower Poetry Center","Gabbin, Joanne V. (Joanne Veal), 1946-","Alleyne, Lauren K."],"creator_ssim":["James Madison University. Furious Flower Poetry Center","Gabbin, Joanne V. (Joanne Veal), 1946-","Alleyne, Lauren K."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Gabbin, Joanne V. (Joanne Veal), 1946-","Alleyne, Lauren K."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["James Madison University. Furious Flower Poetry Center"],"creators_ssim":["Gabbin, Joanne V. (Joanne Veal), 1946-","Alleyne, Lauren K.","James Madison University. Furious Flower Poetry Center"],"places_ssim":["United States -- Poetry","United States -- Intellectual life -- 20th century","United States -- Intellectual life -- 21st century"],"access_terms_ssm":["Copyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Furious Flower Poetry Center transferred these materials to Special Collections on May 16 and June 29, 2016. Subsequent transfers occurred in September 2017, September 2019, April 2023, and October 2024."],"access_subjects_ssim":["American poetry -- African American authors","Poetry -- History and criticism","African American poets","African Americans -- Poetry","African Americans -- Intellectual life -- 20th century","African Americans -- Intellectual life -- 21st century","Administrative records","Grant Proposals","Letters (correspondence)","Electronic mail","Compact discs","Posters","DVDs","Poetry","Exhibit scripts","Photographs","Calendars (documents)","Programs (documents)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["American poetry -- African American authors","Poetry -- History and criticism","African American poets","African Americans -- Poetry","African Americans -- Intellectual life -- 20th century","African Americans -- Intellectual life -- 21st century","Administrative records","Grant Proposals","Letters (correspondence)","Electronic mail","Compact discs","Posters","DVDs","Poetry","Exhibit scripts","Photographs","Calendars (documents)","Programs (documents)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["17.6 cubic feet 43 boxes, 1 rolled storage container"],"extent_tesim":["17.6 cubic feet 43 boxes, 1 rolled storage container"],"genreform_ssim":["Administrative records","Grant Proposals","Letters (correspondence)","Electronic mail","Compact discs","Posters","DVDs","Poetry","Exhibit scripts","Photographs","Calendars (documents)","Programs (documents)"],"date_range_isim":[1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018,2019,2020,2021,2022,2023,2024],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to research. Currently, the silk banners used in the 2004 and 2014 Furious Flower Poetry Conferences may only be requested (in writing) by Furious Flower Poetry Center staff. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResearchers may access digitized archival audiovisual materials in the JMU Special Collections Reading Room by appointment. Digital files may also be requested through the JMU Special Collections Request System.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResearchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResearchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResearchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResearchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResearchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResearchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResearchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResearchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResearchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResearchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResearchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResearchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResearchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResearchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResearchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResearchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResearchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResearchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResearchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResearchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResearchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResearchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResearchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResearchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResearchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResearchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResearchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResearchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResearchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResearchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResearchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResearchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResearchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResearchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResearchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResearchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResearchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResearchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResearchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResearchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResearchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResearchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResearchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResearchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResearchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResearchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResearchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResearchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResearchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResearchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResearchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResearchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResearchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResearchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResearchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResearchers may access digitized archival audiovisual materials in the JMU Special Collections Reading Room by appointment. Digital files may also be requested through the JMU Special Collections Request System.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResearchers may access digitized archival audiovisual materials in the JMU Special Collections Reading Room by appointment. Digital files may also be requested through the JMU Special Collections Request System.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResearchers may access digitized archival audiovisual materials in the JMU Special Collections Reading Room by appointment. Digital files may also be requested through the JMU Special Collections Request System.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResearchers may access digitized archival audiovisual materials in the JMU Special Collections Reading Room by appointment. Digital files may also be requested through the JMU Special Collections Request System.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResearchers may access digitized archival audiovisual materials in the JMU Special Collections Reading Room by appointment. Digital files may also be requested through the JMU Special Collections Request System.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResearchers may access digitized archival audiovisual materials in the JMU Special Collections Reading Room by appointment. Digital files may also be requested through the JMU Special Collections Request System.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResearchers may access digitized archival audiovisual materials in the JMU Special Collections Reading Room by appointment. Digital files may also be requested through the JMU Special Collections Request System.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResearchers may access digitized archival audiovisual materials in the JMU Special Collections Reading Room by appointment. Digital files may also be requested through the JMU Special Collections Request System.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResearchers may access digitized archival audiovisual materials in the JMU Special Collections Reading Room by appointment. Digital files may also be requested through the JMU Special Collections Request System.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResearchers may access digitized archival audiovisual materials in the JMU Special Collections Reading Room by appointment. Digital files may also be requested through the JMU Special Collections Request System.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResearchers may access digitized archival audiovisual materials in the JMU Special Collections Reading Room by appointment. Digital files may also be requested through the JMU Special Collections Request System.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResearchers may access digitized archival audiovisual materials in the JMU Special Collections Reading Room by appointment. Digital files may also be requested through the JMU Special Collections Request System.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResearchers may access digitized archival audiovisual materials in the JMU Special Collections Reading Room by appointment. Digital files may also be requested through the JMU Special Collections Request System.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResearchers may access digitized archival audiovisual materials in the JMU Special Collections Reading Room by appointment. Digital files may also be requested through the JMU Special Collections Request System.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResearchers may access digitized archival audiovisual materials in the JMU Special Collections Reading Room by appointment. Digital files may also be requested through the JMU Special Collections Request System.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResearchers may access digitized archival audiovisual materials in the JMU Special Collections Reading Room by appointment. Digital files may also be requested through the JMU Special Collections Request System.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResearchers may access digitized archival audiovisual materials in the JMU Special Collections Reading Room by appointment. Digital files may also be requested through the JMU Special Collections Request System.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResearchers may access digitized archival audiovisual materials in the JMU Special Collections Reading Room by appointment. Digital files may also be requested through the JMU Special Collections Request System.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResearchers may access digitized archival audiovisual materials in the JMU Special Collections Reading Room by appointment. Digital files may also be requested through the JMU Special Collections Request System.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResearchers may access digitized archival audiovisual materials in the JMU Special Collections Reading Room by appointment. Digital files may also be requested through the JMU Special Collections Request System.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResearchers may access digitized archival audiovisual materials in the JMU Special Collections Reading Room by appointment. Digital files may also be requested through the JMU Special Collections Request System.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResearchers may access digitized archival audiovisual materials in the JMU Special Collections Reading Room by appointment. Digital files may also be requested through the JMU Special Collections Request System.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResearchers may access digitized archival audiovisual materials in the JMU Special Collections Reading Room by appointment. Digital files may also be requested through the JMU Special Collections Request System.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResearchers may access digitized archival audiovisual materials in the JMU Special Collections Reading Room by appointment. Digital files may also be requested through the JMU Special Collections Request System.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResearchers may access digitized archival audiovisual materials in the JMU Special Collections Reading Room by appointment. Digital files may also be requested through the JMU Special Collections Request System.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResearchers may access digitized archival audiovisual materials in the JMU Special Collections Reading Room by appointment. Digital files may also be requested through the JMU Special Collections Request System.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResearchers may access digitized archival audiovisual materials in the JMU Special Collections Reading Room by appointment. Digital files may also be requested through the JMU Special Collections Request System.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResearchers may access digitized archival audiovisual materials in the JMU Special Collections Reading Room by appointment. Digital files may also be requested through the JMU Special Collections Request System.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResearchers may access digitized archival audiovisual materials in the JMU Special Collections Reading Room by appointment. Digital files may also be requested through the JMU Special Collections Request System.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResearchers may access digitized archival audiovisual materials in the JMU Special Collections Reading Room by appointment. Digital files may also be requested through the JMU Special Collections Request System.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResearchers may access digitized archival audiovisual materials in the JMU Special Collections Reading Room by appointment. Digital files may also be requested through the JMU Special Collections Request System.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResearchers may access digitized archival audiovisual materials in the JMU Special Collections Reading Room by appointment. Digital files may also be requested through the JMU Special Collections Request System.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResearchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResearchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResearchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResearchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResearchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResearchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResearchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResearchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResearchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResearchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResearchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResearchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003erunning time:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResearchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResearchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResearchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResearchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResearchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResearchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResearchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResearchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResearchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResearchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResearchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResearchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResearchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResearchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResearchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResearchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResearchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResearchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResearchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResearchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResearchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAccess to this item is currently restricted for off campus researchers. For more information contact library-special@jmu.edu.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAccess to this item is currently restricted for off campus researchers. For more information contact library-special@jmu.edu.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAccess to this item is currently restricted for off campus researchers. For more information contact library-special@jmu.edu.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAccess to this item is currently restricted for off campus researchers. For more information contact library-special@jmu.edu.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAccess to this item is currently restricted for off campus researchers. For more information contact library-special@jmu.edu.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAccess to this item is currently restricted for off campus researchers. For more information contact library-special@jmu.edu.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAccess to this item is currently restricted for off campus researchers. For more information contact library-special@jmu.edu.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAccess to this item is currently restricted for off campus researchers. For more information contact library-special@jmu.edu.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAccess to this item is currently restricted for off campus researchers. For more information contact library-special@jmu.edu.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAccess to this item is currently restricted for off campus researchers. For more information contact library-special@jmu.edu.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAccess to this item is currently restricted for off campus researchers. For more information contact library-special@jmu.edu.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAccess to this item is currently restricted for off campus researchers. For more information contact library-special@jmu.edu.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAccess to this item is currently restricted for off campus researchers. For more information contact library-special@jmu.edu.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAccess to this item is currently restricted for off campus researchers. For more information contact library-special@jmu.edu.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAccess to this item is currently restricted for off campus researchers. For more information contact library-special@jmu.edu.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAccess to this item is currently restricted for off campus researchers. For more information contact library-special@jmu.edu.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAccess to this item is currently restricted for off campus researchers. For more information contact library-special@jmu.edu.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAccess to this item is currently restricted for off campus researchers. For more information contact library-special@jmu.edu.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAccess to this item is currently restricted for off campus researchers. For more information contact library-special@jmu.edu.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAccess to this item is currently restricted for off campus researchers. For more information contact library-special@jmu.edu.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAccess to this item is currently restricted for off campus researchers. For more information contact library-special@jmu.edu.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAccess to this item is currently restricted for off campus researchers. For more information contact library-special@jmu.edu.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAccess to this item is currently restricted for off campus researchers. For more information contact library-special@jmu.edu.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAccess to this item is currently restricted for off campus researchers. For more information contact library-special@jmu.edu.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAccess to this item is currently restricted for off campus researchers. For more information contact library-special@jmu.edu.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAccess to this item is currently restricted for off campus researchers. For more information contact library-special@jmu.edu.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAccess to this item is currently restricted for off campus researchers. For more information contact library-special@jmu.edu.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAccess to this item is currently restricted for off campus researchers. For more information contact library-special@jmu.edu.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOriginal audiovisual and media are in process and not available pending reformatting.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions","Access Restrictions","Access Restrictions","Access Restrictions","Access Restrictions","Access Restrictions","Access Restrictions","Access Restrictions","Access Restrictions","Access Restrictions","Access Restrictions","Access Restrictions","Access Restrictions","Access Restrictions","Access Restrictions","Access Restrictions","Access Restrictions","Access Restrictions","Access Restrictions","Access Restrictions","Access Restrictions","Access Restrictions","Access Restrictions","Access Restrictions","Access Restrictions","Access Restrictions","Access Restrictions","Access Restrictions","Access Restrictions","Access Restrictions","Access Restrictions","Access Restrictions","Access Restrictions","Access Restrictions","Access Restrictions","Access Restrictions","Access Restrictions","Access Restrictions","Access Restrictions","Access Restrictions","Access Restrictions","Access Restrictions","Access Restrictions","Access Restrictions","Access Restrictions","Access Restrictions","Access Restrictions","Access Restrictions","Access Restrictions","Access Restrictions","Access Restrictions","Access Restrictions","Access Restrictions","Access Restrictions","Access Restrictions","Access Restrictions","Access Restrictions","Access Restrictions","Access Restrictions","Access Restrictions","Access Restrictions","Access Restrictions","Access Restrictions","Access Restrictions","Access Restrictions","Access Restrictions","Access Restrictions","Access Restrictions","Access Restrictions","Access Restrictions","Access Restrictions","Access Restrictions","Access Restrictions","Access Restrictions","Access Restrictions","Access Restrictions","Access Restrictions","Access Restrictions","Access Restrictions","Access Restrictions","Access Restrictions","Access Restrictions","Access Restrictions","Access Restrictions","Access Restrictions","Access Restrictions","Access Restrictions","Access Restrictions","Access Restrictions","Access Restrictions","Access Restrictions","Access Restrictions","Access Restrictions","Access Restrictions","Access Restrictions","Access Restrictions","Access Restrictions","Access Restrictions","Access Restrictions","Access Restrictions","Access Restrictions","Access Restrictions","Access Restrictions","Access Restrictions","Access Restrictions","Access Restrictions","Access Restrictions","Access Restrictions","Access Restrictions","Access Restrictions","Access Restrictions","Access Restrictions","Access Restrictions","Access Restrictions","Access Restrictions","Access Restrictions","Access Restrictions","Access Restrictions","Access Restrictions","Access Restrictions","Access Restrictions","Access Restrictions","Access Restrictions","Access Restrictions","Access Restrictions","Access Restrictions","Access Restrictions","Access Restrictions","Access Restrictions","Access Restrictions","Access Restrictions","Access Restrictions","Access Restrictions","Access Restrictions","Access Restrictions","Access Restrictions","Access Restrictions","Access Restrictions","Access Restrictions","Access Restrictions","Access Restrictions","Access Restrictions","Access Restrictions","Access Restrictions","Access Restrictions","Access Restrictions","Access Restrictions","Access Restrictions","Access Restrictions","Access Restrictions","Access Restrictions","Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to research. Currently, the silk banners used in the 2004 and 2014 Furious Flower Poetry Conferences may only be requested (in writing) by Furious Flower Poetry Center staff. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","Researchers may access digitized archival audiovisual materials in the JMU Special Collections Reading Room by appointment. Digital files may also be requested through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System","Researchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may access digitized archival audiovisual materials in the JMU Special Collections Reading Room by appointment. Digital files may also be requested through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may access digitized archival audiovisual materials in the JMU Special Collections Reading Room by appointment. Digital files may also be requested through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may access digitized archival audiovisual materials in the JMU Special Collections Reading Room by appointment. Digital files may also be requested through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may access digitized archival audiovisual materials in the JMU Special Collections Reading Room by appointment. Digital files may also be requested through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may access digitized archival audiovisual materials in the JMU Special Collections Reading Room by appointment. Digital files may also be requested through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may access digitized archival audiovisual materials in the JMU Special Collections Reading Room by appointment. Digital files may also be requested through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may access digitized archival audiovisual materials in the JMU Special Collections Reading Room by appointment. Digital files may also be requested through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may access digitized archival audiovisual materials in the JMU Special Collections Reading Room by appointment. Digital files may also be requested through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may access digitized archival audiovisual materials in the JMU Special Collections Reading Room by appointment. Digital files may also be requested through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may access digitized archival audiovisual materials in the JMU Special Collections Reading Room by appointment. Digital files may also be requested through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may access digitized archival audiovisual materials in the JMU Special Collections Reading Room by appointment. Digital files may also be requested through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may access digitized archival audiovisual materials in the JMU Special Collections Reading Room by appointment. Digital files may also be requested through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may access digitized archival audiovisual materials in the JMU Special Collections Reading Room by appointment. Digital files may also be requested through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may access digitized archival audiovisual materials in the JMU Special Collections Reading Room by appointment. Digital files may also be requested through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may access digitized archival audiovisual materials in the JMU Special Collections Reading Room by appointment. Digital files may also be requested through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may access digitized archival audiovisual materials in the JMU Special Collections Reading Room by appointment. Digital files may also be requested through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may access digitized archival audiovisual materials in the JMU Special Collections Reading Room by appointment. Digital files may also be requested through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may access digitized archival audiovisual materials in the JMU Special Collections Reading Room by appointment. Digital files may also be requested through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may access digitized archival audiovisual materials in the JMU Special Collections Reading Room by appointment. Digital files may also be requested through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may access digitized archival audiovisual materials in the JMU Special Collections Reading Room by appointment. Digital files may also be requested through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may access digitized archival audiovisual materials in the JMU Special Collections Reading Room by appointment. Digital files may also be requested through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may access digitized archival audiovisual materials in the JMU Special Collections Reading Room by appointment. Digital files may also be requested through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may access digitized archival audiovisual materials in the JMU Special Collections Reading Room by appointment. Digital files may also be requested through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may access digitized archival audiovisual materials in the JMU Special Collections Reading Room by appointment. Digital files may also be requested through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may access digitized archival audiovisual materials in the JMU Special Collections Reading Room by appointment. Digital files may also be requested through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may access digitized archival audiovisual materials in the JMU Special Collections Reading Room by appointment. Digital files may also be requested through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may access digitized archival audiovisual materials in the JMU Special Collections Reading Room by appointment. Digital files may also be requested through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may access digitized archival audiovisual materials in the JMU Special Collections Reading Room by appointment. Digital files may also be requested through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may access digitized archival audiovisual materials in the JMU Special Collections Reading Room by appointment. Digital files may also be requested through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may access digitized archival audiovisual materials in the JMU Special Collections Reading Room by appointment. Digital files may also be requested through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may access digitized archival audiovisual materials in the JMU Special Collections Reading Room by appointment. Digital files may also be requested through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may access digitized archival audiovisual materials in the JMU Special Collections Reading Room by appointment. Digital files may also be requested through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","running time:","Researchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Researchers may request digital video reference copies at the file level through the JMU Special Collections Request System.","Access to this item is currently restricted for off campus researchers. For more information contact library-special@jmu.edu.","Access to this item is currently restricted for off campus researchers. For more information contact library-special@jmu.edu.","Access to this item is currently restricted for off campus researchers. For more information contact library-special@jmu.edu.","Access to this item is currently restricted for off campus researchers. For more information contact library-special@jmu.edu.","Access to this item is currently restricted for off campus researchers. For more information contact library-special@jmu.edu.","Access to this item is currently restricted for off campus researchers. For more information contact library-special@jmu.edu.","Access to this item is currently restricted for off campus researchers. For more information contact library-special@jmu.edu.","Access to this item is currently restricted for off campus researchers. For more information contact library-special@jmu.edu.","Access to this item is currently restricted for off campus researchers. For more information contact library-special@jmu.edu.","Access to this item is currently restricted for off campus researchers. For more information contact library-special@jmu.edu.","Access to this item is currently restricted for off campus researchers. For more information contact library-special@jmu.edu.","Access to this item is currently restricted for off campus researchers. For more information contact library-special@jmu.edu.","Access to this item is currently restricted for off campus researchers. For more information contact library-special@jmu.edu.","Access to this item is currently restricted for off campus researchers. For more information contact library-special@jmu.edu.","Access to this item is currently restricted for off campus researchers. For more information contact library-special@jmu.edu.","Access to this item is currently restricted for off campus researchers. For more information contact library-special@jmu.edu.","Access to this item is currently restricted for off campus researchers. For more information contact library-special@jmu.edu.","Access to this item is currently restricted for off campus researchers. For more information contact library-special@jmu.edu.","Access to this item is currently restricted for off campus researchers. For more information contact library-special@jmu.edu.","Access to this item is currently restricted for off campus researchers. For more information contact library-special@jmu.edu.","Access to this item is currently restricted for off campus researchers. For more information contact library-special@jmu.edu.","Access to this item is currently restricted for off campus researchers. For more information contact library-special@jmu.edu.","Access to this item is currently restricted for off campus researchers. For more information contact library-special@jmu.edu.","Access to this item is currently restricted for off campus researchers. For more information contact library-special@jmu.edu.","Access to this item is currently restricted for off campus researchers. For more information contact library-special@jmu.edu.","Access to this item is currently restricted for off campus researchers. For more information contact library-special@jmu.edu.","Access to this item is currently restricted for off campus researchers. For more information contact library-special@jmu.edu.","Access to this item is currently restricted for off campus researchers. For more information contact library-special@jmu.edu.","Original audiovisual and media are in process and not available pending reformatting."],"accruals_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIt is anticipated that the Furious Flower Poetry Center will continue to donate conference files approximately every ten years and other administrative records on a more frequent basis.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accruals_heading_ssm":["Accruals"],"accruals_tesim":["It is anticipated that the Furious Flower Poetry Center will continue to donate conference files approximately every ten years and other administrative records on a more frequent basis."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessing of audiovisual content is in-process as of April 2022. Access will be made available to content once processing is complete, barring any copyright or use restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Other Formats Available"],"altformavail_tesim":["Processing of audiovisual content is in-process as of April 2022. Access will be made available to content once processing is complete, barring any copyright or use restrictions."],"appraisal_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSmall Purchase Credit Card Statements were discarded due to lack of research value.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDue to duplication elsewhere in Special Collections the following issues of Madison (known as Montpelier from 1977-2005), many with articles pertaining to Furious Flower Poetry Center, were returned to the donor: Summer 2003, Winter 2005, Spring 2006, Fall 2006, Summer 2006, Spring 2007, Summer 2007, Fall 2007, Fall 2008, Winter 2008, Summer 2009, Fall 2009, Spring/Summer 2010, Spring/Summer 2011, Fall 2011, Spring/Summer 2015. These issues were loose when donated and were not a part of any pre-established order or foldering system.\u003c/p\u003e"],"appraisal_heading_ssm":[" Appraisal Information"],"appraisal_tesim":["Small Purchase Credit Card Statements were discarded due to lack of research value.","Due to duplication elsewhere in Special Collections the following issues of Madison (known as Montpelier from 1977-2005), many with articles pertaining to Furious Flower Poetry Center, were returned to the donor: Summer 2003, Winter 2005, Spring 2006, Fall 2006, Summer 2006, Spring 2007, Summer 2007, Fall 2007, Fall 2008, Winter 2008, Summer 2009, Fall 2009, Spring/Summer 2010, Spring/Summer 2011, Fall 2011, Spring/Summer 2015. These issues were loose when donated and were not a part of any pre-established order or foldering system."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged into four series. Series are arranged chronologically; Series 2, 3, and 4 are further arranged alphabetically according to a particular publication or event.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003clist numeration=\"arabic\" type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eGrants and Financial Files, 2004-2021\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003ePublications and Manuscripts, 1993-2012\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eEvents, Programs, and Workshops, 1990-2019\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eConference Records, 1970-2015\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe series is arranged chronologically into three sub-series:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003clist numeration=\"arabic\" type=\"ordered\"\u003e\u003citem\u003eSub-series 4.1: 1994 Conference, 1970-2009\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eSub-series 4.2: 2004 Conference, 2002-2007\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eSub-series 4.3: 2014 Conference, 2013-2015\u003c/item\u003e\u003c/list\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEvent footage is arranged chronologically by capture time, with the exception of the \"supercuts,\" consisting of video montages, which are arranged by program day. See the Interviews with Poets sub-group for additional arrangement details.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement","Arrangement","Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged into four series. Series are arranged chronologically; Series 2, 3, and 4 are further arranged alphabetically according to a particular publication or event.","Grants and Financial Files, 2004-2021 Publications and Manuscripts, 1993-2012 Events, Programs, and Workshops, 1990-2019 Conference Records, 1970-2015","The series is arranged chronologically into three sub-series:","Sub-series 4.1: 1994 Conference, 1970-2009 Sub-series 4.2: 2004 Conference, 2002-2007 Sub-series 4.3: 2014 Conference, 2013-2015","Event footage is arranged chronologically by capture time, with the exception of the \"supercuts,\" consisting of video montages, which are arranged by program day. See the Interviews with Poets sub-group for additional arrangement details."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cbibref\u003e\"Furious Flower Poetry Center.\" James Madison University. Accessed August 09, 2016. https://www.jmu.edu/furiousflower/index.shtml.\u003c/bibref\u003e"],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["\"Furious Flower Poetry Center.\" James Madison University. Accessed August 09, 2016. https://www.jmu.edu/furiousflower/index.shtml."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Furious Flower Poetry Center (FFPC) was established in 1999 by Joanne V. Gabbin when she was the director of James Madison University's Honors Program. With this flagship of the Honors Program, she continued the kind of programming she had begun by hosting the 1994 Furious Flower Poetry Conference, which was the nation's first scholarly conference on Black poetry. The conference, entitled Furious Flower: A Revolution in African American Poetry, was dedicated to acclaimed poet Gwendolyn Brooks and featured scholars, critics, and the most accomplished and esteemed poets of the time including Nikki Giovanni, Rita Dove, Sonia Sanchez, Michael S. Harper, Haki Madhubuti, and Gwendolyn Brooks herself. The name \"Furious Flower\" is derived from Brooks' poem Second Sermon on the Warpland in which she writes:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe time\ncracks into furious flower. Lifts its face\nall unashamed. And sways in wicked grace.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMany who participated in the inaugural Furious Flower conference had their roots in the Black Arts Movement. The Black Arts Movement emerged in the wake of the Black Power Movement of the 1960s and 1970s and was comprised of politically motivated black visionaries, poets, artists, dramatists, musicians, and writers. The conference was met with overwhelming praise and The Washington Post called it an historic event. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDue to the success of the 1994 Furious Flower Conference, the Furious Flower Poetry Center (FFPC) was established in 1999 and the Conference became a decennial event, held every ten years. The subsequent conferences were Regenerating the Black Poetic Tradition (2004) and Seeding the Future of African American Poetry (2014). Conference programming is comprised of concerts, readings, roundtable and panel discussions, and paper presentations.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 2005, following the success of the second Furious Flower Poetry Conference (2004), JMU gave the FFPC its official charter, making it the first academic center in the United States devoted to Black poetry. Gabbin became its executive director, leaving the Honors Program after 19 years of service.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eToday, the FFPC is committed to \"cultivating, honoring, and promoting the diverse voices of African American poets by making the genre accessible to a wide audience and collaborating with educational and cultural institutions, literary organizations, and artists.\" It hosts visiting poets for readings at JMU and nearby venues; sponsors workshops; holds an annual poetry camp for elementary and middle school-aged children; produces texts, videos, DVDs and other materials on African-American poetry; and gathers poets and other scholars for intimate panels and seminars, as well as major conferences. FFPC has held four decennial Furious Flower Conferences: \"A Revolution in African American Poetry\" (1994), \"Regenerating the Black Poetic Tradition\" (2004), \"Seeding the Future of African American Poetry\" (2014), and \"Furious Flower IV: Celebrating the Worlds of Black Poetry (2024).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFFPC is located off of Martin Luther King Jr. Way/Historic Cantrell Avenue. Beyond her duties as Executive Director of the Furious Flower Poetry Center, Joanne Gabbin is a professor of English at JMU, a published author, and a member of the International Literary Hall of Fame for Writers of African Descent.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe 1994 Conference Video Recordings, 1994 September 29-October 1, were produced by John L. Hodges. The videos represent the raw footage captured during the 1994 Conference.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Administrative History","Bio/Historical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Furious Flower Poetry Center (FFPC) was established in 1999 by Joanne V. Gabbin when she was the director of James Madison University's Honors Program. With this flagship of the Honors Program, she continued the kind of programming she had begun by hosting the 1994 Furious Flower Poetry Conference, which was the nation's first scholarly conference on Black poetry. The conference, entitled Furious Flower: A Revolution in African American Poetry, was dedicated to acclaimed poet Gwendolyn Brooks and featured scholars, critics, and the most accomplished and esteemed poets of the time including Nikki Giovanni, Rita Dove, Sonia Sanchez, Michael S. Harper, Haki Madhubuti, and Gwendolyn Brooks herself. The name \"Furious Flower\" is derived from Brooks' poem Second Sermon on the Warpland in which she writes:","The time\ncracks into furious flower. Lifts its face\nall unashamed. And sways in wicked grace.","Many who participated in the inaugural Furious Flower conference had their roots in the Black Arts Movement. The Black Arts Movement emerged in the wake of the Black Power Movement of the 1960s and 1970s and was comprised of politically motivated black visionaries, poets, artists, dramatists, musicians, and writers. The conference was met with overwhelming praise and The Washington Post called it an historic event. ","Due to the success of the 1994 Furious Flower Conference, the Furious Flower Poetry Center (FFPC) was established in 1999 and the Conference became a decennial event, held every ten years. The subsequent conferences were Regenerating the Black Poetic Tradition (2004) and Seeding the Future of African American Poetry (2014). Conference programming is comprised of concerts, readings, roundtable and panel discussions, and paper presentations.","In 2005, following the success of the second Furious Flower Poetry Conference (2004), JMU gave the FFPC its official charter, making it the first academic center in the United States devoted to Black poetry. Gabbin became its executive director, leaving the Honors Program after 19 years of service.","Today, the FFPC is committed to \"cultivating, honoring, and promoting the diverse voices of African American poets by making the genre accessible to a wide audience and collaborating with educational and cultural institutions, literary organizations, and artists.\" It hosts visiting poets for readings at JMU and nearby venues; sponsors workshops; holds an annual poetry camp for elementary and middle school-aged children; produces texts, videos, DVDs and other materials on African-American poetry; and gathers poets and other scholars for intimate panels and seminars, as well as major conferences. FFPC has held four decennial Furious Flower Conferences: \"A Revolution in African American Poetry\" (1994), \"Regenerating the Black Poetic Tradition\" (2004), \"Seeding the Future of African American Poetry\" (2014), and \"Furious Flower IV: Celebrating the Worlds of Black Poetry (2024).","FFPC is located off of Martin Luther King Jr. Way/Historic Cantrell Avenue. Beyond her duties as Executive Director of the Furious Flower Poetry Center, Joanne Gabbin is a professor of English at JMU, a published author, and a member of the International Literary Hall of Fame for Writers of African Descent.","The 1994 Conference Video Recordings, 1994 September 29-October 1, were produced by John L. Hodges. The videos represent the raw footage captured during the 1994 Conference."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdditional information on the Dark Room Collective can be found \u003ca href=\"https://poets.org/text/brief-guide-dark-room-collective\"\u003ehere.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["General Note"],"odd_tesim":["Additional information on the Dark Room Collective can be found  here."],"otherfindaid_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://us.preservica.com/explorer/explorer.html#prop:4\u0026amp;695ef954-06ba-43a6-b341-cc3edf3fc1e6\"\u003ePreservica Internal\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://jmu.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|695ef954-06ba-43a6-b341-cc3edf3fc1e6/\"\u003ePreservica Access\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://us.preservica.com/explorer/explorer.html#prop:4\u0026amp;9e242b35-14e6-4742-bd85-186794dcc4ec\"\u003ePreservica Internal\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://jmu.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|9e242b35-14e6-4742-bd85-186794dcc4ec/\"\u003ePreservica Access\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://us.preservica.com/explorer/explorer.html#prop:4\u0026amp;ac68aac5-b304-45cc-aeb4-0905f8a57259\"\u003ePreservica Internal\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://jmu.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|ac68aac5-b304-45cc-aeb4-0905f8a57259/\"\u003ePreservica Access\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"otherfindaid_heading_ssm":["Preservica Internal URL","Preservica Public URL","Preservica Internal URL","Preservica Public URL","Preservica Internal URL","Preservica Public URL"],"otherfindaid_tesim":["Preservica Internal","Preservica Access","Preservica Internal","Preservica Access","Preservica Internal","Preservica Access"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Furious Flower Poetry Center Records, 1970-2021, UA 0017, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item, (including title and date)], [box #, folder # OR identifier], Furious Flower Poetry Center Records, 1970-2021, UA 0017, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Furious Flower Poetry Center Records, 1970-2021, UA 0017, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.","[Identification of item, (including title and date)], [box #, folder # OR identifier], Furious Flower Poetry Center Records, 1970-2021, UA 0017, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe donor's original order, including folder titles, was maintained whenever possible. The archivist imposed an order on any unordered files, titled any untitled files, and created discrete series. Social security numbers and bank account numbers have been redacted from materials. When possible, newspapers and clippings were photocopied and originals returned to donor. All material contained within three-ring binders was disbound and foldered in original order. During processing several folders were discovered to be empty. Their folder titles are as follows: Dream in Color Drafts, WHSV Children First 2010, WVPT Kid's Book Festival 2010, Poetry Month 2010, Winter Poetry Contest 2010, Marilyn Nelson Reading 2010, 73 Poems Honorariums (Music). The empty folders were discarded. Numerous folders with small purchase credit card statements and receipts were also discarded. Series I has also been renamed \"Grants and Financial Files.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn April 2022, the contents of the Furious Flower Poetry Center Conference Records (UA 0018) were incorporated into the Furious Flower Poetry Center Records (UA 0017) due to the collections' shared provenance and their creation by the same administrative body. The conference records were added as a separate series with subseries for each of the decennial conferences. At this same time, accruals received after initial processing were physically arranged to match their intellectual arrangement. Additional financial files deemed to have limited research value were also weeded in April 2022. Administrative receipts, travel vouchers, travel expenses and reimbursements, travel authorizations, purchase orders, invoices for supplies, monthly detail budget reports, and budget revisions were returned to FFPC.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProcessing of audiovisual content is in-process as of April 2022. Access will be made available to content once processing is complete, barring any copyright or use restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe donor's original order, including folder titles, was maintained whenever possible. The archivist imposed an order on any unordered files, titled any untitled files, and created discrete series. Social security numbers and bank account numbers have been redacted from materials. When possible, newspapers and clippings were photocopied and originals returned to donor. The collection of magnesium letterpress die plates are individually boxed and organized by the poem's appearance in the publication Furious Flower: A Revolution in African American Poetry into larger boxes (one record storage box and one oversize Hollinger box). Furious Flower Poetry Center donated a box of rolled posters in cardboard tubes, all identical, from the 1994 and 2004 conferences – each cardboard tube contained one 1994 poster and one 2004 poster. Due to duplication elsewhere in this collection, only one set of posters was retained. They were flattened and placed in the Oversize series. Processing of audiovisual content is in-process as of April 2022. Access will be made available to content once processing is complete, barring any copyright or use restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVideo recordings were digitized for preservation and research access by Scene Savers in 2016 and 2017. Select records were decribed by JMU graduate assistant Mitchell Teal in 2018 and 2019 for research access through JMU Scholarly Commons in support of a JMU X-Labs course. Description is ongoing as of 2022. Access to content will be made available once description is complete, barring any copyright or other use restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information","Processing Information","Processing Note"],"processinfo_tesim":["The donor's original order, including folder titles, was maintained whenever possible. The archivist imposed an order on any unordered files, titled any untitled files, and created discrete series. Social security numbers and bank account numbers have been redacted from materials. When possible, newspapers and clippings were photocopied and originals returned to donor. All material contained within three-ring binders was disbound and foldered in original order. During processing several folders were discovered to be empty. Their folder titles are as follows: Dream in Color Drafts, WHSV Children First 2010, WVPT Kid's Book Festival 2010, Poetry Month 2010, Winter Poetry Contest 2010, Marilyn Nelson Reading 2010, 73 Poems Honorariums (Music). The empty folders were discarded. Numerous folders with small purchase credit card statements and receipts were also discarded. Series I has also been renamed \"Grants and Financial Files.\"","In April 2022, the contents of the Furious Flower Poetry Center Conference Records (UA 0018) were incorporated into the Furious Flower Poetry Center Records (UA 0017) due to the collections' shared provenance and their creation by the same administrative body. The conference records were added as a separate series with subseries for each of the decennial conferences. At this same time, accruals received after initial processing were physically arranged to match their intellectual arrangement. Additional financial files deemed to have limited research value were also weeded in April 2022. Administrative receipts, travel vouchers, travel expenses and reimbursements, travel authorizations, purchase orders, invoices for supplies, monthly detail budget reports, and budget revisions were returned to FFPC.","Processing of audiovisual content is in-process as of April 2022. Access will be made available to content once processing is complete, barring any copyright or use restrictions.","The donor's original order, including folder titles, was maintained whenever possible. The archivist imposed an order on any unordered files, titled any untitled files, and created discrete series. Social security numbers and bank account numbers have been redacted from materials. When possible, newspapers and clippings were photocopied and originals returned to donor. The collection of magnesium letterpress die plates are individually boxed and organized by the poem's appearance in the publication Furious Flower: A Revolution in African American Poetry into larger boxes (one record storage box and one oversize Hollinger box). Furious Flower Poetry Center donated a box of rolled posters in cardboard tubes, all identical, from the 1994 and 2004 conferences – each cardboard tube contained one 1994 poster and one 2004 poster. Due to duplication elsewhere in this collection, only one set of posters was retained. They were flattened and placed in the Oversize series. Processing of audiovisual content is in-process as of April 2022. Access will be made available to content once processing is complete, barring any copyright or use restrictions.","Video recordings were digitized for preservation and research access by Scene Savers in 2016 and 2017. Select records were decribed by JMU graduate assistant Mitchell Teal in 2018 and 2019 for research access through JMU Scholarly Commons in support of a JMU X-Labs course. Description is ongoing as of 2022. Access to content will be made available once description is complete, barring any copyright or other use restrictions."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSee \"1994 Conference Program, 1994\" in Series 1 for original conference program.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSee the file Poetry Reading 2, 1994 September 29, located in the 1994 Conference Video Recordings sub-group.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSee the file Critics' Roundtable: Critical Theories and Approaches in African American Poetry, 1994 September 30, located in the 1994 Conference Video Recordings sub-group.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSee the file Critics' Roundtable: Writing a Literary History of African American Poetry, 1994 October 1, located in the 1994 Conference Video Recordings sub-group.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSee the file Poetry Reading 5, 1994 September 29, located in the 1994 Conference Video Recordings sub-group.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://aspace.lib.jmu.edu/repositories/4/archival_objects/29908\"\u003eSam Allen, Alvin Aubert, Amiri Baraka Interviews Final Cut\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://aspace.lib.jmu.edu/repositories/4/archival_objects/29908\"\u003eSam Allen, Alvin Aubert, Amiri Baraka Interviews Final Cut\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://aspace.lib.jmu.edu/repositories/4/archival_objects/29910\"\u003eToi Derricotte, Haki Madhubuti, and Naomi Long Madgett Interviews Final Cut\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://aspace.lib.jmu.edu/repositories/4/archival_objects/29910\"\u003eToi Derricotte, Haki Madhubuti, and Naomi Long Madgett Interviews Final Cut\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://aspace.lib.jmu.edu/repositories/4/archival_objects/30094\"\u003eNamoi Long Madgett and Eleanor Traylor Interview A. Mari Evans and Val Gray Ward Interview A\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://aspace.lib.jmu.edu/repositories/4/archival_objects/30095\"\u003eNamoi Long Madgett and Eleanor Traylor Interview B. Mari Evans and Val Gray Ward Interview B\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://aspace.lib.jmu.edu/repositories/4/archival_objects/30094\"\u003eNamoi Long Madgett and Eleanor Traylor Interview A. Mari Evans and Val Gray Ward Interview A\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://aspace.lib.jmu.edu/repositories/4/archival_objects/30095\"\u003eNamoi Long Madgett and Eleanor Traylor Interview B. Mari Evans and Val Gray Ward Interview B\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://aspace.lib.jmu.edu/repositories/4/archival_objects/30094\"\u003eNamoi Long Madgett and Eleanor Traylor Interview A. Mari Evans and Val Gray Ward Interview A\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://aspace.lib.jmu.edu/repositories/4/archival_objects/30095\"\u003eNamoi Long Madgett and Eleanor Traylor Interview B. Mari Evans and Val Gray Ward Interview B\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://aspace.lib.jmu.edu/repositories/4/archival_objects/29998\"\u003e Amiri Baraka interviewed by Askia Touré Part 2, Camera A. Nikki Giovanni interviewed by Virginia Fowler, Camera A\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://aspace.lib.jmu.edu/repositories/4/archival_objects/29999\"\u003e Amiri Baraka interviewed by Askia Touré Part 2, Camera B. Nikki Giovanni interviewed by Virginia Fowler, Camera B\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://aspace.lib.jmu.edu/repositories/4/archival_objects/29998\"\u003e Amiri Baraka interviewed by Askia Touré Part 2, Camera A. Nikki Giovanni interviewed by Virginia Fowler, Camera A\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://aspace.lib.jmu.edu/repositories/4/archival_objects/29999\"\u003e Amiri Baraka interviewed by Askia Touré Part 2, Camera B. Nikki Giovanni interviewed by Virginia Fowler, Camera B\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://aspace.lib.jmu.edu/repositories/4/archival_objects/29998\"\u003e Amiri Baraka interviewed by Askia Touré Part 2, Camera A. Nikki Giovanni interviewed by Virginia Fowler, Camera A\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://aspace.lib.jmu.edu/repositories/4/archival_objects/29999\"\u003e Amiri Baraka interviewed by Askia Touré Part 2, Camera B. Nikki Giovanni interviewed by Virginia Fowler, Camera B\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://aspace.lib.jmu.edu/repositories/4/archival_objects/29998\"\u003e Amiri Baraka interviewed by Askia Touré Part 2, Camera A. Nikki Giovanni interviewed by Virginia Fowler, Camera A\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://aspace.lib.jmu.edu/repositories/4/archival_objects/29999\"\u003e Amiri Baraka interviewed by Askia Touré Part 2, Camera B. Nikki Giovanni interviewed by Virginia Fowler, Camera B\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://aspace.lib.jmu.edu/repositories/4/archival_objects/30039\"\u003eMichael Harper interviewed by Aldon Nielsen Part 2, Camera A. Toi Derricotte interviewed by Opal Moore Camera A\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://aspace.lib.jmu.edu/repositories/4/archival_objects/30040\"\u003eMichael Harper interviewed by Aldon Nielsen Part 2, Camera B. Toi Derricotte interviewed by Opal Moore Camera B\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://aspace.lib.jmu.edu/repositories/4/archival_objects/29907\"\u003eMari Evans, Everett Hoagland, and Sonia Sanchez Interviews Final Cut\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://aspace.lib.jmu.edu/repositories/4/archival_objects/29907\"\u003eMari Evans, Everett Hoagland, and Sonia Sanchez Interviews Final Cut\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials","Related Materials","Related Materials","Related Materials","Related Materials","Related Materials","Related Materials","Related Materials","Related Materials","Related Materials","Related Materials","Related Materials","Related Materials","Related Materials","Related Materials","Related Materials","Related Materials","Related Materials","Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["See \"1994 Conference Program, 1994\" in Series 1 for original conference program.","See the file Poetry Reading 2, 1994 September 29, located in the 1994 Conference Video Recordings sub-group.","See the file Critics' Roundtable: Critical Theories and Approaches in African American Poetry, 1994 September 30, located in the 1994 Conference Video Recordings sub-group.","See the file Critics' Roundtable: Writing a Literary History of African American Poetry, 1994 October 1, located in the 1994 Conference Video Recordings sub-group.","See the file Poetry Reading 5, 1994 September 29, located in the 1994 Conference Video Recordings sub-group.","Sam Allen, Alvin Aubert, Amiri Baraka Interviews Final Cut","Sam Allen, Alvin Aubert, Amiri Baraka Interviews Final Cut","Toi Derricotte, Haki Madhubuti, and Naomi Long Madgett Interviews Final Cut","Toi Derricotte, Haki Madhubuti, and Naomi Long Madgett Interviews Final Cut","Namoi Long Madgett and Eleanor Traylor Interview A. Mari Evans and Val Gray Ward Interview A","Namoi Long Madgett and Eleanor Traylor Interview B. Mari Evans and Val Gray Ward Interview B","Namoi Long Madgett and Eleanor Traylor Interview A. Mari Evans and Val Gray Ward Interview A","Namoi Long Madgett and Eleanor Traylor Interview B. Mari Evans and Val Gray Ward Interview B","Namoi Long Madgett and Eleanor Traylor Interview A. Mari Evans and Val Gray Ward Interview A","Namoi Long Madgett and Eleanor Traylor Interview B. Mari Evans and Val Gray Ward Interview B"," Amiri Baraka interviewed by Askia Touré Part 2, Camera A. Nikki Giovanni interviewed by Virginia Fowler, Camera A"," Amiri Baraka interviewed by Askia Touré Part 2, Camera B. Nikki Giovanni interviewed by Virginia Fowler, Camera B"," Amiri Baraka interviewed by Askia Touré Part 2, Camera A. Nikki Giovanni interviewed by Virginia Fowler, Camera A"," Amiri Baraka interviewed by Askia Touré Part 2, Camera B. Nikki Giovanni interviewed by Virginia Fowler, Camera B"," Amiri Baraka interviewed by Askia Touré Part 2, Camera A. Nikki Giovanni interviewed by Virginia Fowler, Camera A"," Amiri Baraka interviewed by Askia Touré Part 2, Camera B. Nikki Giovanni interviewed by Virginia Fowler, Camera B"," Amiri Baraka interviewed by Askia Touré Part 2, Camera A. Nikki Giovanni interviewed by Virginia Fowler, Camera A"," Amiri Baraka interviewed by Askia Touré Part 2, Camera B. Nikki Giovanni interviewed by Virginia Fowler, Camera B","Michael Harper interviewed by Aldon Nielsen Part 2, Camera A. Toi Derricotte interviewed by Opal Moore Camera A","Michael Harper interviewed by Aldon Nielsen Part 2, Camera B. Toi Derricotte interviewed by Opal Moore Camera B","Mari Evans, Everett Hoagland, and Sonia Sanchez Interviews Final Cut","Mari Evans, Everett Hoagland, and Sonia Sanchez Interviews Final Cut"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Furious Flower Poetry Center Records, 1970-2024, consisting of 17.6 cubic feet (43 boxes, 1 rolled storage container), document the departmental activities of the Furious Flower Poetry Center, a unit formerly of the JMU Honor's Program that became its own separate academic center of the University in 2005. A portion of the material contained within the records derive from events and programs sponsored by the Furious Flower Poetry Center including 73 Poems for 73 Years: Celebrating the Life of Lucille Clifton, Lineage: The Margaret Walker Song Cycle, and an annual children's poetry camp. Specific types of materials include event posters and brochures, exhibit panels, logistical and planning documentation, and email correspondence. Materials related to publications produced by the Center such as Mourning Katrina: A Poetic Response to Tragedy and Shaping Memories: Reflections of African American Women Writers are comprised of draft manuscripts and correspondence with poets and publishers. Grant proposals and awards, many of which relate to the aforementioned events and projects, are also represented. Materials related to the decennial Furious Flower poetry conferences, including administrative documentation and video recordings, are represented in the Conference Records series.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged chronologically. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFFPC relies heavily on funding from corporate entities and non-profits to subsidize and off-set the cost of furthering their mission of promoting African-American poetry. As such, this series contains grant proposals and awards (all closed) relating to events, publications, and other projects sponsored by the Furious Flower Poetry Center. Projects represented in this series include \"Dream in Color,\" an online curriculum sponsored by Target that enabled elementary, middle, and high-school students to discover the works of African-American poets; and the publication of Mourning Katrina, an anthology of poems by observers and survivors of Hurricane Katrina. All grant materials were removed from three-ring binders and foldered, maintaining original order.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged chronologically by project date and sub-arranged alphabetically within each project.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis series contains material related to publications and manuscripts produced by the Furious Flower Poetry Center. In many cases this refers to books in the typical sense (Mourning Katrina: A Poetic Response to Tragedy, Furious Flower: African-American Poetry from the Black Arts Movement to the Present), Furious Flower Poetry Center also oversaw the publication of The Painted Word – a set of notecards and a corresponding calendar of poets' portraits. Correspondence with various publishers is also included.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged chronologically by event and sub-arranged alphabetically within each event.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis series is comprised of material relating primarily to the many events, programs, and workshops hosted and sponsored by the Furious Flower Poetry Center. Major events represented in this series include Tell Me Your Names: The Poetry of Lucille Clifton, a week-long seminar held June 14 –June 21, 2009 and 73 Poems for 73 Years: Celebrating the Life of Lucille Clifton, a tribute program held September 21, 2010. Of particular interest are 57 oversize exhibit panels from Among Poets: Lucille Clifton Commemorative Exhibition. This 2012 exhibition held at the Reginald F. Lewis Museum and the Enoch Pratt Free Library, both in Baltimore, Maryland, primarily feature photographs by Lynda Koolish of Lucille Clifton, her contemporaries, and her family and friends. The Center's annual Children's Poetry Camp is also well documented. Researchers should note that there are some files in this series (e.g. materials concerning Oni Lasana Productions) that are not directly related to events held by FFPC. These events are likely ones attended by FFPC staff or documented because they serve as examples of comparable outreach initiatives or similar types of promotion.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOne file of materials related to the Furious Flower Poetry Center's 25th Anniversary Celebration, held in September 2019 at the National Museum of African American History and Culture, include promotional material, a schedule of events, and a copy of the invocation presented by Rev. Edward A. Scott. Of particular interest is a promotional card inscribed by Qiniso \"Qibho\" Motsa, a poet, musicion, author, and social activist from Eswatini.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series comprises materials related to the decennial Furious Flower poetry conferences, beginning with the inaugural conference in 1994. A significant portion of the records include logistical and planning documentation for each conference as well as marking and promotional items. These materials are comprised of calls for papers, contracts, correspondence, address lists, ticket requests, travel, transportation, and lodging reservations, and menus. The records include nontraditional items as well. Of interest are exhibit panels (text labels and images) describing and depicting the participants of the 1994 conference. Magnesium letterpress die plates used to print a limited edition portfolio Furious Flower: A Revolution in African American Poetry, a special collection of 23 poems selected by poets (who participated in the 1994 conference) to represent their work, are included. Six silk banners that adorned the Wilson Hall auditorium during the 2004 and 2014 conferences are included.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged alphabetically with the exception of the Exhibit of Participants materials and the magnesium letterpress die plates which are located at the end of the series due to their size. Note that the numbering system for the letterpress die plates is sequential based on each poem's order in the publication Furious Flower: A Revolution in African American Poetry. As such the first folder/four-flap enclosure in box nine is labeled 9:21b. This is the plate for page two of the 21st poem in the publication.\nMaterials in this series primarily document the planning and implementation of the 1994 Furious Flower Poetry Conference: A Revolution in African American Poetry. Records include travel and lodging reservations, correspondence with participating poets, financial documentation and budgets, and mailing lists. Marketing and promotional items such as posters and brochures are included. Conference evaluations completed by attendees and folders labeled \"Positive Responses\" document the overwhelming success of the conference. Of particular interest are exhibit components from the 1994 conference that include text labels and images of each participating poet. The photographs for these panels were taken by C. B. Claiborne. Copy 225 of 300 of Furious Flower: A Revolution in African American Poetry is located in box 2, folder 5. The magnesium letterpress die plates used to print this collection of poetry are also included here. Each plate is individually housed in a four-flap enclosure and then boxed in order of appearance in the publication. Of significance are the video recordings documenting conference proceedings and interviews with Black poets.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series contains 45 video recordings captured by John L. Hodges during the 1994 Furious Flower Poetry Conference as well as interviews with poets.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOpening invocation and welcome to participants for the 1994 Furious Flower Conference at James Madison University. The Opening Session was held at the Grafton-Stovall Theatre at James Madison University on Thursday, September 29, 1994 at 8:30 a.m. This footage was originally recorded on 1 MII videocassette.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Critics' Roundtable, \"African American Poetry and the Vernacular Matrix,\" was held at the Grafton-Stovall Theatre at James Madison University on Thursday, September 29, 1994 at 9:30 a.m.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOriginal 1994 Furious Flower Poetry Conference program reads, \"African American poetry, perhaps more so than fiction and drama, has lent and continues to lend itself to the thematic and formalistic expression of its matrixing in African American culture, in the vernacular (folk and popular) culture in particular. This roundtable will investigate the nature and extent of this matrixing. It will consider the relationship of the folk to the popular vernacular mode, whether \"continuity\" or \"disjuncture\" best describes that relationship and how the difference between the two is imprinted upon the literature. It will also consider the nature and validity of rural/urban, southern/northern distinctions as they apply to cultural expressive manifestations such as the blues, and the degree to which these distinctions spill over into the poetry as a literary production. (Alvin Aubert)\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis footage was originally recorded on 3 MII videocassettes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMichael S. Harper's Keynote speech at the 1994 Furious Flower Conference. The session continued with poetry readings by Elizabeth Alexander, Gerald Barrax, Toi Derricotte, and E. Ethelbert Miller. The Keynote Speech and Poetry Reading was held at the Grafton-Stovall Theatre at James Madison University on Thursday, September 29, 1994 at 1 p.m. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis footage was originally recorded on 2 MII videocassettes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePoetry Readings by Sam Allen, Pinkie Gordon Lane, Haki Madhubuti, and Naomi Long Madgett at the 1994 Furious Flower Conference. The Poetry Reading was held at the Grafton-Stovall Theatre at James Madison University on Thursday, September 29, 1994 at 4:45 p.m. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis footage was originally recorded on 2 MII videocassettes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePoetry Readings by Amiri Baraka, Mari Evans, Michael S. Harper, and Sonia Sanchez at the 1994 Furious Flower Conference. The JMU Jazz Ensemble opened the session by playing \"Cherry Juice.\" The Poetry Reading was held at Wilson Hall, James Madison University on Thursday, September 29, 1994 at  8 p.m. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis footage was originally recorded on 2 MII videocassettes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Critics' Roundtable, \"Critical Theories and Approaches in African American Poetry,\" was held at the Grafton-Stovall Theatre at James Madison University on Friday, September 30, 1994 at 9:30 a.m. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOriginal 1994 Furious Flower Poetry Conference program reads, \"The work of literary theory and of theorizing in other areas of the human sciences is to specify what conditions obtain among those who create, those who make use of creations, and the languages (or signs) that enable creators and consumers to negotiate in a world of social constructions. In short, theory is obligated to explain relations between people and artifacts in the contexts of history and culture. In that sense, theory is necessary for rigorous examination of African American poetry. How might theory advance the study and appreciation of African American poetry? Within the frame of this questions, scholars on the panel will be asked to address what kind of critical or cultural theory seems most appropriate for understanding poetry, how such theories influence interpretive methods and approaches, and how must theorists themselves grapple with their own historicity in light of African American poetry's evolution from orature to literature to newer genres that mix orality and literacy. The aim of the panel is to clarify some problems of theory and poetry as they affect various audiences (Jerry W. Ward, Jr.)\" \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis footage was originally recorded on 4 MII videocassettes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRita Dove and Gwendolyn Brooks' Keynote Speeches at the 1994 Furious Flower Conference. The Keynotes were held at Wilson Hall, James Madison University on Friday, September 30, 1994 at 1 p.m. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis footage was originally recorded on 2 MII videocassettes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePoetry Readings by Dolores Kendrick, Nikki Giovanni, and Eugene Redmond at the 1994 Furious Flower Conference. The Poetry Reading was held at Wilson Hall, James Madison University on Friday, September 30, 1994 at 3 p.m. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis footage was originally recorded on 2 MII videocassettes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTribute Banquet to honor important black poets at the 1994 Furious Flower Conference. Mari Evans, Raymond Patterson, Margaret Walker, Naomi Long Madgett, Samuel W. Allen, Pinkie Gordon Lane, and Gwendolyn Brooks were the honored poets. The banquet was held at Phillips Hall, James Madison University on Friday, September 30, 1994 at 7 p.m. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis footage was originally recorded on 2 MII videocassettes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Critics' Roundtable, \"Writing a Literary History of African American Poetry,\" was held at the Grafton-Stovall Theatre at James Madison University on Saturday, October 1, 1994 at 9:30 a.m. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOriginal 1994 Furious Flower Poetry Conference program reads, \"As the drum stands at the crossroads of traditional African and African American culture, so the poets stand at the center of the drum providing the cadence, connections and continuity that define their literary history. Panelists on this roundtable will speak on periodicity and identify significant literary movements from the Harlem Renaissance through the Black Arts Movement to hip-hop. In an attempt to provide a valid historical framework for the poetry, panelists will discuss major literary milestones and important poets emerging during the twentieth century. (Eugene Redmond)\" \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis footage was originally recorded on 3 MII videocassettes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePoetry Free Read at the 1994 Furious Flower Conference. The Free Read was held at Grafton-Stovall Theatre, James Madison University on Saturday, October 1, 1994. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis footage was originally recorded on a MII videocassette.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePoetry Readings by Jacqueline Brice-Finch, Gwen Butler, Kalamu ya Salaam, Jeannette Drake, Sybil Kein, Adam David Miller, Brenda Marie Osbey, Fabu Carter, Ester Iverem, and Mona Lisa Saloy at the 1994 Furious Flower Conference. The Poetry Reading was held at Grafton-Stovall Theatre, James Madison University on Saturday, October 1, 1994 at 2 p.m. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis footage was originally recorded on 2 MII videocassettes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePoetry Readings by The Dark Room Collective at the 1994 Furious Flower Conference. Established in Boston in 1988, The Dark Room Collective was first a reading series and later a small community of black poets and writers. The Dark Room Collective's poetry reading at the 1994 conference was held at Grafton-Stovall Theatre, James Madison University on Saturday, October 1, 1994 at 4:15 p.m. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTape 1 begins with the last 10 minutes of Poetry Reading 5 and The Dark Room Collective reading starts at the 12 minute mark. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis footage was originally recorded on 2 MII videocassettes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eConference Finale for the 1994 Furious Flower Conference. A celebration of black arts and culture, the conference finale featured musical and spoken word performances by Mellasenah Morris, the JMU Contemporary Gospel Singers, Val Gray Ward, and Bernice Johnson Reagon. The Conference Finale was held at Wilson Hall, James Madison University on Saturday, October 1, 1994 at 8 p.m. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis footage was originally recorded on 6 MII videocassettes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSupercuts of the 1994 Furious Flower Conference, featuring footage from all 3 days of the conference. This footage was originally recorded on 10 MII videocassettes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSupercut 1/10 of the 1994 Furious Flower Conference, featuring selections from the conference opening session and Critics' Roundtable: African American Poetry and the Vernacular Matrix. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis footage was originally recorded on a MII videocassette.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSupercut 2/10 of the 1994 Furious Flower Conference, featuring selections from Poetry Reading 1 (Elizabeth Alexander, Gerald Barrax; Toi Derricotte; and E. Ethelbert Miller) and Poetry Reading 2 (Sam Allen, Pinkie Gordon Lane, Haki Madhubuti, Naomi Long Madgett). \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis footage was originally recorded on a MII videocassette.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSupercut 3/10 of the 1994 Furious Flower Conference, featuring selections from Poetry Reading 2 (Naomi Long Madgett) and Poetry Reading 3 (Amiri Baraka, Mari Evans, Michael S. Harper, Sonia Sanchez). \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis footage was originally recorded on a MII videocassette.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSupercut 4/10 of the 1994 Furious Flower Conference, featuring selections from Critics' Roundtable: Critical Theories and Approaches in African American Poetry and the keynote speeches by Rita Dove and Gwendolyn Brooks. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis footage was originally recorded on a MII videocassette.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSupercut 5/10 of the 1994 Furious Flower Conference, featuring the remainder of  Gwendolyn Brooks' keynote speech and selections from Poetry Reading 4 (Dolores Kendrick, Nikki Giovanni, Eugene Redmond). \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis footage was originally recorded on a MII videocassette.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSupercut 6/10 of the 1994 Furious Flower Conference, featuring selections from the Tribute Banquet. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis footage was originally recorded on a MII videocassette.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSupercut 7/10 of the 1994 Furious Flower Conference, featuring selections from Critics' Roundtable: Writing a Literary History of African American Poetry. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis footage was originally recorded on a MII videocassette. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSupercut 8/10 of the 1994 Furious Flower Conference, featuring selections from  Poetry Reading 5 (Jacqueline Brice-Finch, Gwen Butler, Kalamu ya Salaam, Jeannette Drake, Sybil Kein, Adam David Miller, Brenda Marie Osbey, Fabu Carter, Ester Iverem, Mona Lisa Saloy, and Quo Vadis Gex-Breaux). \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis footage was originally recorded on a MII videocassette.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSupercut 9/10 of the 1994 Furious Flower Conference, featuring selections from The Dark Room Collective: A Fisted Reading. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis footage was originally recorded on a MII videocassette. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSupercut 10/10 of the 1994 Furious Flower Conference, featuring selections from the Conference Finale. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis footage was originally recorded on a MII videocassette. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAudience footage of Poetry Reading 2 from the 1994 Furious Flower Conference. This footage was originally recorded on a MII videocassette.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFootage of posters, books, various artifacts, and exhibits at the 1994 Furious Flower Conference. This footage was originally recorded on a MII videocassette.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAudience footage of Critics' Roundtable: Critical Theories and Approaches in African American Poetry from the 1994 Furious Flower Conference. This footage was originally recorded on a MII videocassette.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAudience footage of Critics' Roundtable: Writing a Literary History of African American Poetry from the 1994 Furious Flower Conference. This footage was originally recorded on a MII videocassette.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAudience footage of Poetry Reading 5 from the 1994 Furious Flower Conference. This footage was originally recorded on a MII videocassette.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInterview with E. Ethelbert Miller at the 1994 Furious Flower Conference. Miller was interviewed by Eugenia Collier in this recording. This footage was originally recorded on MII videocassettes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInterviews with poets at the 1994 Furious Flower Conference. Featured in this video is Eugene Redmond interviewed by Jabari Asim, Major Jackson interviewed by Vera Beatty, Dolores Kendrick  interviewed by Judith Thomas. This footage was originally recorded on a MII videocassette.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInterviews with poets at the 1994 Furious Flower Conference. Featured in this video is Gerald Barrax interviewed by Joyce Pettis and Nikki Giovanni interviewed by Virginia Fowler. This footage was originally recorded on a MII videocassette.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInterviews with poets at the 1994 Furious Flower Conference. Featured in this video is Major Jackson interviewed by Vera Beatty, Dolres Kendrick interviewed by Judith Thomas, Pinkie Gordon Lane interviewed by Sandra Govan, and Michael S. Harper interviewed by Aldon Nielsen. This footage was originally recorded on a MII videocassette.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInterviews with poets at the 1994 Furious Flower Conference. Featured in this video is Mari Evans interviewed by Val Gray Ward, Everett Hoagland interviewed by Kalamu ya Salaam, and Sonia Sanchez interviewed by Lorenzo Thomas. This footage was originally recorded on a MII videocassette.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInterviews with poets at the 1994 Furious Flower Conference. Featured in this video is Sam Allen interviewed by Jerry Ward, Alvin Aubert interviewed by Lenard Moore, and Amiri Baraka interviewed by Askia Touré. This footage was originally recorded on a MII videocassette.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInterviews with poets at the 1994 Furious Flower Conference. Featured in this video is Sherley Anne Williams interviewed by Deborah McDowell. This footage was originally recorded on a MII videocassette.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInterviews with poets at the 1994 Furious Flower Conference. Featured in this video is Toi Derricotte interviewed by Opal Moore, Haki Madhubuti interviewed by Sonia Sanchez, and Naomi Long Madgett interviewed by Eleanor Traylor. This footage was originally recorded on a MII videocassette.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged alphabetically.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMaterials in this series primarily document the planning and implementation of the 2004 Furious Flower Poetry Conference: Regenerating the Black Poetic Tradition. Records include travel and lodging reservations, correspondence with participating poets, financial documentation and budgets, and mailing lists. Marketing and promotional items such as posters and brochures are included. During the 2004 conference, notable African American scholars including Tony Bolden, Hilary Holladay, and Monifa Love conducted interviews with presenting conference poets including Houston Baker, Rita Dove, and Tony Medina. The corresponding transcripts are included and are particularly significant to African American poetry scholarship. Of particular interest is congratulatory correspondence and RSVP regrets for the 2004 conference from Julian Bond, Governor Mark Warner, Senator George Allen, the office of President George W. Bush and Senator John Kerry, President and CEO of the NAACP Kweisi Mfume, and many others. Some of these letters were printed in the official conference program. Also of interest are evaluations completed by conference attendees. Six  silk banners used to decorate the Wilson Hall auditorium during the conference are included in this series. The banners are rolled onto dowels and housed in a rolled storage container. Currently, the silk banners may only be requested (in writing) by Furious Flower Poetry Center staff.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOpening Session and welcome to participants for the 2004 Furious Flower Conference at James Madison University. The first recording is a copy of the ten-minute documentary that was shown during the opening session and the second tape features performances and remarks from the session itself. The Opening Session was held at College Center at James Madison University on Thursday, September 23, 2004 at 8:30 a.m.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis footage was originally recorded on 1 MDV and 1 DVCAM videocassettes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe first Critics' Roundtable of the 2004 Furious Flower Conference at James Madison University. Trudier Harris moderated the session while Maryemma Graham, Hilary Holladay, and Tony Bolden critically discussed turn of the twentieth century poetry, The Black Arts Movement, and modern Black poetry. The session was held at College Center Ballroom at James Madison University on Thursday, September 23, 2004 at 9:30 a.m. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis footage was originally recorded on 3 DVCAM videocassettes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFootage of the luncheon hosted by the George Moses Horton Society at the 2004 Furious Flower Conference. The 2004 Furious Flower Poetry Conference program reads, \"Members of the George Moses Horton Society, based at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, will host a luncheon on Thursday, September 23. The Horton Society was concieved by Trudier Harris in the spring of 1996 as a way to encourage sustained scholarly focus on the works of African American poets and to foster presentation and publishing opportunities for that scholarship. Yusef Komunyakaa and T.J. Anderson are the featured speakers.\" This footage only shows a portion of the presentation by T.J. Anderson and Yusef Komunyakaa before cutting off abruptly. The luncheon was held in the College Center Ballroom, James Madison University on Thursday, September 23, 2004 at 11:45 a.m. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis footage was originally recorded on 1 DVCAM videocassette.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eKeynote Speech and Poetry Reading 1 at the 2004 Furious Flower Conference. Houston A. Baker Jr. gave his keynote speech entitled, \"The Poetry of Impulse: Six Inches of African Stone and Lyrical Black Consciousness\" after an introduction by Trudier Harris. The session continued a presentation of the Furious Flower Lifetime Achievement Award to Houston A. Baker Jr. by Jerry W. Ward Jr. and Joanne Gabbin. Susan Facknitz introduced the next segment, a poetry reading with Jabari Asim, Major Jackson, Tony Medina, Opal Moore, Sharan Strange, and Yusef Komunyakaa. The Keynote Speech and Poetry Reading 1 was held at Wilson Hall Auditorium, James Madison University on Friday, September 23, 1994 at 1:15 p.m.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis footage was originally recorded on 2 DVCAM videocassettes. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFootage of Concurrent Sessions and the Furious Flower Art Opening Reception at the 2004 Furious Flower Conference. The first half of the footage shows snippets of concurrent sessions held in various rooms in Taylor Hall from 4:30-5:45pm on Thursday, September 23, 2004. The second half of the footage features the art opening reception, about which the original 2004 Furious Flower Poetry Conference program states, \"Commissioned to bring visual attention to the work of African American poets and symbolizing the flowering of African American poetry, this important and original work of art by Atlanta artist Malaika Favorite will be unveiled.\" The reception was held in Taylor Hall Room 405 at James Madison University on Thursday, September 23, 2004 at 6:45 p.m. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis footage was originally recorded on 2 DVCAM videocassettes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePoetry Reading 2 at the 2004 Furious Flower Conference. This reading featured the following prominent Black poets: Brenda Marie Osbey, Kevin Young, E. Ethelbert Miller, Haki Madhubuti, Lucille Clifton, and Nikki Giovanni.  Kalamu ya Salaam introduced the poets at the beginning of the session. The Poetry Reading was held in Wilson Hall Auditorium at James Madison University on Thursday, September 23, 2004 at 8 p.m. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis footage was originally recorded on 2 DVCAM videocassettes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe second Critics' Roundtable of the 2004 Furious Flower Conference at James Madison University. Daryl C. Dance moderated the session while Velma Pollard, Mark Sanders, Eleanor Traylor, and Omékongo Dibinga presented about the topic cross pollination in the African diaspora. The session was held at College Center Ballroom at James Madison University on Friday, September 24, 2004 at 9:30 a.m. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis footage was originally recorded on 3 DVCAM videocassettes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLaureate's Circle poetry reading at the 2004 Furious Flower Conference. This reading featured the following prominent Black poets: Eugene Redmond, Dolores Kendrick, Askia Touré, Rita Dove, Amiri Baraka, and Sonia Sanchez. Joanne Gabbin introduced the poets at the beginning of the session. The Laureate's Circle reading was held in Wilson Hall Auditorium, James Madison University on Friday, September 24, 2004 at 1:30 p.m. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis footage was originally recorded on 3 VHS videocassettes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePoetry Reading 3 at the 2004 Furious Flower Conference. This reading featured the following prominent Black poets: Harryette Mullen, Alvin Aubert, Nikky Finney, Everett Hoagland, jessica Care moore, and Kalamu ya Salaam. Tony Medina introduced the poets at the beginning of the session. The Poetry Reading was held in Wilson Hall Auditorium at James Madison University on Friday, September 24, 2004 at 3:30 p.m. This footage was originally recorded on 2 VHS videocassettes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTribute Banquet for the 2004 Furious Flower Conference at James Madison University. Furious Flower Lifetime Achievement Awards were presented to the following poets: Alvin Aubert, Amiri Baraka, Lucille Clifton, Nikki Giovanni, Haki Madhubuti, Velma Pollard, Eugene Redmond, Sonia Sanchez, and Askia Touré. The event also featured music by D.J. Renegade and the following as presenters: Melba Boyd, William \"Billy Joe\" Harris, Hilary Holladay, Sandra Govan, Quraysh Ali Lansana, Daryl Dance, Howard Rambsy, Lamont Steptoe, and Eleanor Traylor. The banquet was held in the College Center Ballroom, James Madison University on Friday, September 24, 2004 at 7:30 p.m. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis footage was originally recorded on 4 DVCAM videocassettes.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePoetry Jam event at the 2004 Furious Flower Poetry Conference at James Madison University. The original 2004 Furious Flower Poetry Conference program reads, \"Outstanding poets read and perform their work. Music will be provided by the Joel Dias-Porter Quartet. Porter, aka D.J. Renegade, will emcee the event on Friday, September 24 at 10:30 p.m.\" Participants included Joel Dias-Porter, Quo Vadis Gex Breaux, Mona Lisa Saloy, Lenard Moore, Angela Shannon, Lamont Steptoe, and Samantha Thornhill. The event was held at College Center Ballroom, James Madison University on Friday, September 24, 2004 at 10:30 p.m. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis footage was originally recorded on 1 DVCAM videocassette.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe third Critics' Roundtable of the 2004 Furious Flower Conference at James Madison University. Opal Moore moderated the session while E. Ethelbert Miller, Toi Derricotte, Kelli Norman Ellis, and Sharan Strange discussed the need for MFA writing programs at historically Black colleges and universities, the development of Cave Canem, Chicago State University's MFA writing program, and the history of the Dark Room Collective. The session was held at Grafton Stovall Theater, James Madison University on Saturday, September 25, 2004 at 9:30 a.m. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis footage was originally recorded on 3 DVCAM videocassettes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCave Canem Reunion Luncheon and Open Mic event at the 2004 Furious Flower Conference at James Madison University. The footage begins with the presentation segments of the Cave Canem luncheon before switching to the Open Mic event. Tyehimba Jess was the Emcee for the Open Mic Reading and many poets read their poetry. The luncheon was held in the Phillips Center Ballroom, James Madison University on Saturday, September 25, 2004 at 12:00 p.m. and the Open Mic Reading was held in Grafton Stovall Theater,  at 1:30 p.m. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis footage was originally recorded on 3 DVCAM videocassettes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCave Canem Reunion Reading at the 2004 Furious Flower Conference at James Madision University. The footage begins with a circle jam poetry reading before switching to the Cave Canem Reading. Cornelius Eady, Marilyn Nelson, Kwame Dawes, Elizabeth Alexander, and Toi Derricotte each read their poetry as part of this event. The reading was held in Grafton Stovall Theater, James Madison University on Saturday, September 25, 2004 at 3:30 p.m. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis footage was originally recorded on 2 DVCAM videocassettes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eConference Finale for the 2004 Furious Flower Conference. The event featured two musical groups: \"Fertile Ground\" a soul and jazz band from Baltimore, Maryland and \"The Full Moon of Sonia\" which sets Sonia Sanchez's poetry to music. The Conference Finale was held at Wilson Hall Auditorium, James Madison University on Saturday, September 25, 2004 at 8 p.m. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis footage was originally recorded on 2 videocassettes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLifetime Achievement Award Banquet for the 2024 Furious Flower Conference at James Madison University. jessica Care moore and Tony Medina hosted the banquet and David Berry provided the music. Furious Flower Lifetime Achievement Awards were presented to the following poets: Elizabeth Alexander, Kwame Dawes, Cornelius Eady, Nikky Finney, Lorna Goodison, E. Ethelbert Miller, Harryette Mullen, Niyi Osundare, Timothy Seibles, and Patricia Smith. The banquet was held in the Festival Ballroom at James Madison University on Wednesday, September 18, 2024 at 6 p.m.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOpening session and welcome to the participants for the 2024 Furious Flower Conference at James Madison University. A video introduction featuring Afaa M. Weaver opened the session, followed by an in memoriam slideshow. Lauren Alleyne presented an overview of the Furious Flower Poetry Center's work since the 2014 conference. Traci Zimmerman, the Dean of the College of Arts and Letters Dean and interim-Provost, Bob Kolvoord made remarks, and Bethany Nowviskie, Dean of JMU Libraries, gave a presentation about the Mellon Foundation grant partnership between Furious Flower and JMU Libraries. The Opening Session was held in the Festival Ballroom at James Madison University on Thursday, September 19, 2024 at 8:15 a.m.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eKeynote Reading and Conversation with honored poets, Elizabeth Alexander \u0026amp; Kwame Dawes, at the 2024 Furious Flower Conference. Alexander and Dawes read poetry and engaged in discussion with Shara McCallum and Terrance Hayes. The Keynote Reading and Conversation was held in the Festival Ballroom at James Madison University on Thursday, September 19, 2024 at 9:15 a.m.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Worlds of Black Poetry: Critical Portals, Pathways, and Emergences panel at the 2024 Furious Flower Conference at James Madison University.  Keith Leonard, Jahan Ramazani, Evie Shockley, and Mecca Jamilah Sullivan each presented a paper showcasing the depth and breath of the worlds of Black poetry. Topics of discussion included: avant-garde poetry, elegy and Caribbean poetry, Black confessional poetry, Black feminism, and Black queer poetics. This panel was held in the Festival Ballroom at James Madison University on Thursday, September 19, 2024 at 11:15 a.m.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA Decade of Poetic Experiment: 2014 to 2024 panel at the 2024 Furious Flower Conference at James Madison University. Aldon Lynn Nielsen, C.S. Giscombe, Meta DuEwa Jones, Mark McMorris, Duriel E. Harris, and Douglas Kearney engaged in a round table discussion about the past decade in Black poetry. Experimentation by poets and critics is of particular focus during this panel. This discussion was held in the Festival Ballroom at James Madison University on Thursday, September 19, 2024 at 2 p.m.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFurious Flower Poetry Prize Winner \u0026amp; Honorable Mention Reading at the 2024 Furious Flower Conference. Winner, Michelle Alexander, Honorable Mention, Raejeana Brooks, and judge, Roger Reeves, read poetry and answered questions from the audience. The Furious Flower Poetry Prize Winner \u0026amp; Honorable Mention Reading was held in the Festival Ballroom at James Madison University on Thursday, September 19, 2024 at 3:30 p.m.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack Universe I: Featured Poets Reading at the 2024 Furious Flower Conference. This reading featured the following prominent Black poets from across the world: Rita Dove, Jericho Brown, Camille T. Dungy, Alexis Pauline Gumbs, Malika Booker, Patricia Jabbeh Wesley, Tyehimba Jess, Remica Bingham-Risher, Matthew Shenoda, Lillian-Yvonne Bertram, Cornelius Eady, Frank X. Walker, and Nikky Finney. The Black Universe I: Featured Poets Reading was held in the Festival Ballroom at James Madison University on Thursday, September 19, 2024 at 7 p.m.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDear Yusef: Celebrating the Life \u0026amp; Work of Poet \u0026amp; Professor Yusef Komunyakaa panel at the 2024 Furious Flower Conference. Lynne Thompson, Joel Dias-Porter, Linda Susan Jackson, and Dante Micheaux discussed a new anthology entitled \"Dear Yusef.\" Panelists also shared their personal experiences working with Yusef Kumanyaka and read poetry from the anthology. The session closed with the presenters answering audience questions. This panel was held in the Festival Ballroom at James Madison University on Friday, September 20, 2024 at 8:15 a.m.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWalk With Me: Freedom Fighter's Homage presentation and performance at the 2024 Furious Flower Conference. The session featured a discussion, live performances, and answering questions from the audience. The performance itself examined the long road to freedom for Black people in America and included song, spoken word poetry, and dance. This session was held in the Festival Ballroom at James Madison University on Friday, September 20, 2024 at 9:45 a.m.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLaureate Reading and Conversation at the 2024 Furious Flower Conference. Rita Dove, Poet Laureate of the United States, 1993-1995, introduced poet laureates from across the country and moderated a conversation after the readings. Featured poets included: Angela Jackson (Illinois), Curtis Crisler (Indiana), Amanda Johnston (Texas), avery r. young (Chicago, IL), and Glenis Redmond (Greenville, SC).  The Laureate Reading and Conversation was held in the Festival Ballroom at James Madison University on Friday, September 20, 2024 at 11:15 a.m.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMagnitude \u0026amp; Bond: A Preview of a Field Study on Black Literary Organizations panel at the 2024 Furious Flower Conference. Lisa Willis, Candace G. Wiley, Nichelle M. Hayes, and Duriel E. Harris discussed the Magnitude and Bond field study. The presenters represented four organizations that are participating in the field study: Cave Canem, The Watering Hole, Center for Black Literature \u0026amp; Culture (CBLC), and Obsidian: Literature \u0026amp; Arts in the African Diaspora. The group conversed about why the field study is important, positives and negatives they have experienced as leaders of Black literary arts organizations, and how organizations were chosen for the field study. The session closed with a questions from the audience. This panel was held in the Festival Ballroom at James Madison University on Friday, September 20, 2024 at 2 p.m.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack Universe II: Featured Poets Reading at the 2024 Furious Flower Conference. This reading featured the following prominent Black poets from across the world: Ross Gay, Erica Hunt, francine j. harris, Roger Reeves, DaMaris Hill, Efe Paul Azino, Merle Collins, Danez Smith, Tara Betts, A. B. Spellman, Lorna Goodison, E. Ethelbert Miller, and Harryette Mullen. The Black Universe II: Featured Poets Reading was held in the Festival Ballroom at James Madison University on Friday, September 20, 2024 at 7 p.m.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGrowing a New Garden: Furious Flowering in Classrooms panel at the 2024 Furious Flower Conference. Panelists Anastacia-Reneé, allia abdullah-matta, Brian Hannon, Carmin Wong, and Keisha-Gaye Anderson discussed the Furious Flower Syllabus project, an open access syllabus for a range of educational contexts. Each presenter highlighted their favorite poem featured in the project curriculum, conversed about creating the syllabus, and expressed the importance of such an undertaking. This panel was held in the Festival Ballroom at James Madison University on Saturday, September 21, 2024 at 8:15 a.m.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack Universe III: Featured Poets Reading at the 2024 Furious Flower Conference. This reading featured the following prominent Black poets from across the world: Kei Miller, Shara McCallum, Tim Seibles, Anastacia Renée, Gregory Pardlo. Joanne Gabbin introduced each poet with a personally written haiku. The Black Universe III: Featured Poets Reading was held in the Festival Ballroom at James Madison University on Saturday, September 21, 2024 at 9:45 a.m.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack Joy in Song performance at the 2024 Furious Flower Conference. Sonya Gabrielle Baker, Albert Lee, and Jeremiah Padilla performed poetry set to music, incorporating both vocal and instrumental music. This performance was held in the Festival Ballroom at James Madison University on Saturday, September 21, 2024 at 12:30 p.m.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA Vital History: The Cambridge Anthology Roundtable at the 2024 Furious Flower Conference. Panelists Matt Sandler, Carlyn Ferrari, Marta Werbanowska, McKinley Melton, Annette Debo, and Emily Ruth Rutter discussed an upcoming anthology. Each panelist described their essay from the anthology, including topics such as Black poets of the abolition movement, Black women poets, the Black eco-poetic tradition, elegy, and more. The session concluded with a panel discussion and audience questions. This panel was held in the Festival Ballroom at James Madison University on Saturday, September 21, 2024 at 2 p.m.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack Universe IV: Featured Poets Reading at the 2024 Furious Flower Conference. This reading featured the following prominent Black poets from across the world: Terrance Hayes, Evie Shockley, Niyi Osundare, Canisia Lubrin, Patricia Smith, and Kwame Dawes. Lauren Alleyne closed the session by reading a new poem. The Black Universe IV: Featured Poets Reading was held in the Festival Ballroom at James Madison University on Saturday, September 21, 2024 at 3:30 p.m.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClosing Remarks for the 2024 Furious Flower Conference. Lauren Alleyne, the Executive Director of the Furious Flower Poetry Center, concluded the conference by expressing gratitude for everyone involved with the event in some way. This event was held in the Festival Ballroom at James Madison University on Saturday, September 21, 2024 at 5 p.m.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInterview with Camille Dungy, Ross Gay, Alexis Pauline Gumbs, and Niyi Osundare at the 2024 Furious Flower conference. Nate Marshall moderated the conversation, posing questions about the theme Black planet. The group discussed the relationship between Black identity and the environment, how crafting poetry allows them to explore new relationships with the natural world, and what the worlds of Black poetry mean to them. The interview was recorded in the Festival Conference and Student Center at James Madison University on Thursday, September 19, 2024.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInterview with Erica Hunt, A.B. Spellman, and Glenis Redmond at the 2024 Furious Flower Conference. Keisha-Gaye Anderson moderated the conversation, posing questions about the theme life in poetry. The group discussed why they chose poetry, pivotal moments in their careers, the role of community and collaboration in their development as poets, advice for emerging poets, lessons learned, and what the worlds of Black poetry mean to them. The interview was recorded in the Festival Conference and Student Center at James Madison University on Thursday, September 19, 2024.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInterview with Malika Booker, Danez Smith, and Frank X. Walker at the 2024 Furious Flower Conference. Keith Leonard moderated the conversation, posing questions about the theme collectives and community. The group discussed why it is important to be involved in their respective communities or collectives, the importance of inter-generational connections, and what the worlds of Black poetry mean to them. The interview was recorded in the Festival Conference and Student Center at James Madison University on Thursday, September 19, 2024.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInterview with Anastacia Renée, Canisia Lubrin, and Lillian Yvonne Bertram at the 2024 Furious Flower conference. Mecca Jamilah Sullivan moderated the conversation, posing questions about the theme poetic experimentation. The group discussed what poetic experimentation means to them, the experience of experimentation, what is lost when discussing the process of experimentation, and what the worlds of black poetry mean to them. The interview was recorded in the Festival Conference and Student Center at James Madison University on Friday, September 20, 2024.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInterview with Evie Shockley, Remica Bingham-Risher, Terrance Hayes, and DaMaris Hill at the 2024 Furious Flower Conference. Meta DuEwa Jones moderated the conversation, posing questions about the theme creative scholarship. The group discussed what scholarship means to them, how the market does or does not affect their work, their collaborative practices, the worlds of black poetry as they relate to their scholarly, creative, and critical work, and finding joy in their work. The interview was recorded in the Festival Conference and Student Center at James Madison University on Friday, September 20, 2024.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInterview with Matthew Shenoda, Efe Paul Azino, and Patricia Jabbeh Wesley at the 2024 Furious Flower Conference. Gbenga Adesina moderated the conversation, posing questions about the theme continental conversations. The group discussed diasporic influences, how their work may shape poetry moving forward, and the books or projects they currently working on. This interview was recorded in the Festival Conference and Student Center at James Madison University on Friday, September 20, 2024.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInterview with Tara Betts, avery r. young, Danez Smith, and Mahogany L. Browne  at the 2024 Furious Flower Conference. McKinley Melton moderated the conversation, posing questions about the theme performance. The group discussed what the worlds of Black poetry mean to them, how they see their work engaging in the expansiveness of poetic performance, the best lessons they have learned from their time as poets and performers, and what it means to be at Furious Flower. This interview was recorded in the Festival Conference and Student Center at James Madison University on Friday, September 20, 2024.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInterview with Tyehimba Jess, francine j. harris, jessica Care moore and Airea D. Matthews at the 2024 Furious Flower conference. Ajanaé Dawkins moderated the conversation, posing questions about the theme Detroit conversations. Each poet read one of their poems, discussed how the school of Detroit poetry shaped them, and talked about the evolution of Detroit poetry. This interview was recorded in the Festival Conference and Student Center at James Madison University on Saturday, September 21, 2024.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInterview with Lorna Goodison, Merle Collins, Kei Miller, and Malika Booker at the 2024 Furious Flower conference. Jahan Ramazani moderated the conversation, posing questions about the theme Caribbean conversations. The group discussed Caribbean identity, diasporic identity, the distinctiveness of the Caribbean experience, and what the worlds of Black poetry mean to them. This interview was recorded in the Festival Conference and Student Center at James Madison University on Saturday, September 21, 2024.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInterview with Roger Reeves, Jericho Brown, and Gregory Pardlo at the 2024 Furious Flower conference. Curtis Crisler moderated the conversation, posing questions about the theme Black masculinity. The group discussed their definitions of Black masculinity, how they show vulnerability in their poetry, and what the worlds of Black poetry mean to them. This interview was recorded in the Festival Conference and Student Center at James Madison University on Saturday, September 21, 2024.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content","Contents","Contents","Contents","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Content","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Furious Flower Poetry Center Records, 1970-2024, consisting of 17.6 cubic feet (43 boxes, 1 rolled storage container), document the departmental activities of the Furious Flower Poetry Center, a unit formerly of the JMU Honor's Program that became its own separate academic center of the University in 2005. A portion of the material contained within the records derive from events and programs sponsored by the Furious Flower Poetry Center including 73 Poems for 73 Years: Celebrating the Life of Lucille Clifton, Lineage: The Margaret Walker Song Cycle, and an annual children's poetry camp. Specific types of materials include event posters and brochures, exhibit panels, logistical and planning documentation, and email correspondence. Materials related to publications produced by the Center such as Mourning Katrina: A Poetic Response to Tragedy and Shaping Memories: Reflections of African American Women Writers are comprised of draft manuscripts and correspondence with poets and publishers. Grant proposals and awards, many of which relate to the aforementioned events and projects, are also represented. Materials related to the decennial Furious Flower poetry conferences, including administrative documentation and video recordings, are represented in the Conference Records series.","Arranged chronologically. ","FFPC relies heavily on funding from corporate entities and non-profits to subsidize and off-set the cost of furthering their mission of promoting African-American poetry. As such, this series contains grant proposals and awards (all closed) relating to events, publications, and other projects sponsored by the Furious Flower Poetry Center. Projects represented in this series include \"Dream in Color,\" an online curriculum sponsored by Target that enabled elementary, middle, and high-school students to discover the works of African-American poets; and the publication of Mourning Katrina, an anthology of poems by observers and survivors of Hurricane Katrina. All grant materials were removed from three-ring binders and foldered, maintaining original order.","Arranged chronologically by project date and sub-arranged alphabetically within each project.","This series contains material related to publications and manuscripts produced by the Furious Flower Poetry Center. In many cases this refers to books in the typical sense (Mourning Katrina: A Poetic Response to Tragedy, Furious Flower: African-American Poetry from the Black Arts Movement to the Present), Furious Flower Poetry Center also oversaw the publication of The Painted Word – a set of notecards and a corresponding calendar of poets' portraits. Correspondence with various publishers is also included.","Arranged chronologically by event and sub-arranged alphabetically within each event.","This series is comprised of material relating primarily to the many events, programs, and workshops hosted and sponsored by the Furious Flower Poetry Center. Major events represented in this series include Tell Me Your Names: The Poetry of Lucille Clifton, a week-long seminar held June 14 –June 21, 2009 and 73 Poems for 73 Years: Celebrating the Life of Lucille Clifton, a tribute program held September 21, 2010. Of particular interest are 57 oversize exhibit panels from Among Poets: Lucille Clifton Commemorative Exhibition. This 2012 exhibition held at the Reginald F. Lewis Museum and the Enoch Pratt Free Library, both in Baltimore, Maryland, primarily feature photographs by Lynda Koolish of Lucille Clifton, her contemporaries, and her family and friends. The Center's annual Children's Poetry Camp is also well documented. Researchers should note that there are some files in this series (e.g. materials concerning Oni Lasana Productions) that are not directly related to events held by FFPC. These events are likely ones attended by FFPC staff or documented because they serve as examples of comparable outreach initiatives or similar types of promotion.","One file of materials related to the Furious Flower Poetry Center's 25th Anniversary Celebration, held in September 2019 at the National Museum of African American History and Culture, include promotional material, a schedule of events, and a copy of the invocation presented by Rev. Edward A. Scott. Of particular interest is a promotional card inscribed by Qiniso \"Qibho\" Motsa, a poet, musicion, author, and social activist from Eswatini.","This series comprises materials related to the decennial Furious Flower poetry conferences, beginning with the inaugural conference in 1994. A significant portion of the records include logistical and planning documentation for each conference as well as marking and promotional items. These materials are comprised of calls for papers, contracts, correspondence, address lists, ticket requests, travel, transportation, and lodging reservations, and menus. The records include nontraditional items as well. Of interest are exhibit panels (text labels and images) describing and depicting the participants of the 1994 conference. Magnesium letterpress die plates used to print a limited edition portfolio Furious Flower: A Revolution in African American Poetry, a special collection of 23 poems selected by poets (who participated in the 1994 conference) to represent their work, are included. Six silk banners that adorned the Wilson Hall auditorium during the 2004 and 2014 conferences are included.","Arranged alphabetically with the exception of the Exhibit of Participants materials and the magnesium letterpress die plates which are located at the end of the series due to their size. Note that the numbering system for the letterpress die plates is sequential based on each poem's order in the publication Furious Flower: A Revolution in African American Poetry. As such the first folder/four-flap enclosure in box nine is labeled 9:21b. This is the plate for page two of the 21st poem in the publication.\nMaterials in this series primarily document the planning and implementation of the 1994 Furious Flower Poetry Conference: A Revolution in African American Poetry. Records include travel and lodging reservations, correspondence with participating poets, financial documentation and budgets, and mailing lists. Marketing and promotional items such as posters and brochures are included. Conference evaluations completed by attendees and folders labeled \"Positive Responses\" document the overwhelming success of the conference. Of particular interest are exhibit components from the 1994 conference that include text labels and images of each participating poet. The photographs for these panels were taken by C. B. Claiborne. Copy 225 of 300 of Furious Flower: A Revolution in African American Poetry is located in box 2, folder 5. The magnesium letterpress die plates used to print this collection of poetry are also included here. Each plate is individually housed in a four-flap enclosure and then boxed in order of appearance in the publication. Of significance are the video recordings documenting conference proceedings and interviews with Black poets.","This series contains 45 video recordings captured by John L. Hodges during the 1994 Furious Flower Poetry Conference as well as interviews with poets.","Opening invocation and welcome to participants for the 1994 Furious Flower Conference at James Madison University. The Opening Session was held at the Grafton-Stovall Theatre at James Madison University on Thursday, September 29, 1994 at 8:30 a.m. This footage was originally recorded on 1 MII videocassette.","The Critics' Roundtable, \"African American Poetry and the Vernacular Matrix,\" was held at the Grafton-Stovall Theatre at James Madison University on Thursday, September 29, 1994 at 9:30 a.m.","Original 1994 Furious Flower Poetry Conference program reads, \"African American poetry, perhaps more so than fiction and drama, has lent and continues to lend itself to the thematic and formalistic expression of its matrixing in African American culture, in the vernacular (folk and popular) culture in particular. This roundtable will investigate the nature and extent of this matrixing. It will consider the relationship of the folk to the popular vernacular mode, whether \"continuity\" or \"disjuncture\" best describes that relationship and how the difference between the two is imprinted upon the literature. It will also consider the nature and validity of rural/urban, southern/northern distinctions as they apply to cultural expressive manifestations such as the blues, and the degree to which these distinctions spill over into the poetry as a literary production. (Alvin Aubert)\"","This footage was originally recorded on 3 MII videocassettes.","Michael S. Harper's Keynote speech at the 1994 Furious Flower Conference. The session continued with poetry readings by Elizabeth Alexander, Gerald Barrax, Toi Derricotte, and E. Ethelbert Miller. The Keynote Speech and Poetry Reading was held at the Grafton-Stovall Theatre at James Madison University on Thursday, September 29, 1994 at 1 p.m. ","This footage was originally recorded on 2 MII videocassettes.","Poetry Readings by Sam Allen, Pinkie Gordon Lane, Haki Madhubuti, and Naomi Long Madgett at the 1994 Furious Flower Conference. The Poetry Reading was held at the Grafton-Stovall Theatre at James Madison University on Thursday, September 29, 1994 at 4:45 p.m. ","This footage was originally recorded on 2 MII videocassettes.","Poetry Readings by Amiri Baraka, Mari Evans, Michael S. Harper, and Sonia Sanchez at the 1994 Furious Flower Conference. The JMU Jazz Ensemble opened the session by playing \"Cherry Juice.\" The Poetry Reading was held at Wilson Hall, James Madison University on Thursday, September 29, 1994 at  8 p.m. ","This footage was originally recorded on 2 MII videocassettes.","The Critics' Roundtable, \"Critical Theories and Approaches in African American Poetry,\" was held at the Grafton-Stovall Theatre at James Madison University on Friday, September 30, 1994 at 9:30 a.m. ","Original 1994 Furious Flower Poetry Conference program reads, \"The work of literary theory and of theorizing in other areas of the human sciences is to specify what conditions obtain among those who create, those who make use of creations, and the languages (or signs) that enable creators and consumers to negotiate in a world of social constructions. In short, theory is obligated to explain relations between people and artifacts in the contexts of history and culture. In that sense, theory is necessary for rigorous examination of African American poetry. How might theory advance the study and appreciation of African American poetry? Within the frame of this questions, scholars on the panel will be asked to address what kind of critical or cultural theory seems most appropriate for understanding poetry, how such theories influence interpretive methods and approaches, and how must theorists themselves grapple with their own historicity in light of African American poetry's evolution from orature to literature to newer genres that mix orality and literacy. The aim of the panel is to clarify some problems of theory and poetry as they affect various audiences (Jerry W. Ward, Jr.)\" ","This footage was originally recorded on 4 MII videocassettes.","Rita Dove and Gwendolyn Brooks' Keynote Speeches at the 1994 Furious Flower Conference. The Keynotes were held at Wilson Hall, James Madison University on Friday, September 30, 1994 at 1 p.m. ","This footage was originally recorded on 2 MII videocassettes.","Poetry Readings by Dolores Kendrick, Nikki Giovanni, and Eugene Redmond at the 1994 Furious Flower Conference. The Poetry Reading was held at Wilson Hall, James Madison University on Friday, September 30, 1994 at 3 p.m. ","This footage was originally recorded on 2 MII videocassettes.","Tribute Banquet to honor important black poets at the 1994 Furious Flower Conference. Mari Evans, Raymond Patterson, Margaret Walker, Naomi Long Madgett, Samuel W. Allen, Pinkie Gordon Lane, and Gwendolyn Brooks were the honored poets. The banquet was held at Phillips Hall, James Madison University on Friday, September 30, 1994 at 7 p.m. ","This footage was originally recorded on 2 MII videocassettes.","The Critics' Roundtable, \"Writing a Literary History of African American Poetry,\" was held at the Grafton-Stovall Theatre at James Madison University on Saturday, October 1, 1994 at 9:30 a.m. ","Original 1994 Furious Flower Poetry Conference program reads, \"As the drum stands at the crossroads of traditional African and African American culture, so the poets stand at the center of the drum providing the cadence, connections and continuity that define their literary history. Panelists on this roundtable will speak on periodicity and identify significant literary movements from the Harlem Renaissance through the Black Arts Movement to hip-hop. In an attempt to provide a valid historical framework for the poetry, panelists will discuss major literary milestones and important poets emerging during the twentieth century. (Eugene Redmond)\" ","This footage was originally recorded on 3 MII videocassettes.","Poetry Free Read at the 1994 Furious Flower Conference. The Free Read was held at Grafton-Stovall Theatre, James Madison University on Saturday, October 1, 1994. ","This footage was originally recorded on a MII videocassette.","Poetry Readings by Jacqueline Brice-Finch, Gwen Butler, Kalamu ya Salaam, Jeannette Drake, Sybil Kein, Adam David Miller, Brenda Marie Osbey, Fabu Carter, Ester Iverem, and Mona Lisa Saloy at the 1994 Furious Flower Conference. The Poetry Reading was held at Grafton-Stovall Theatre, James Madison University on Saturday, October 1, 1994 at 2 p.m. ","This footage was originally recorded on 2 MII videocassettes.","Poetry Readings by The Dark Room Collective at the 1994 Furious Flower Conference. Established in Boston in 1988, The Dark Room Collective was first a reading series and later a small community of black poets and writers. The Dark Room Collective's poetry reading at the 1994 conference was held at Grafton-Stovall Theatre, James Madison University on Saturday, October 1, 1994 at 4:15 p.m. ","Tape 1 begins with the last 10 minutes of Poetry Reading 5 and The Dark Room Collective reading starts at the 12 minute mark. ","This footage was originally recorded on 2 MII videocassettes.","Conference Finale for the 1994 Furious Flower Conference. A celebration of black arts and culture, the conference finale featured musical and spoken word performances by Mellasenah Morris, the JMU Contemporary Gospel Singers, Val Gray Ward, and Bernice Johnson Reagon. The Conference Finale was held at Wilson Hall, James Madison University on Saturday, October 1, 1994 at 8 p.m. ","This footage was originally recorded on 6 MII videocassettes.","Supercuts of the 1994 Furious Flower Conference, featuring footage from all 3 days of the conference. This footage was originally recorded on 10 MII videocassettes.","Supercut 1/10 of the 1994 Furious Flower Conference, featuring selections from the conference opening session and Critics' Roundtable: African American Poetry and the Vernacular Matrix. ","This footage was originally recorded on a MII videocassette.","Supercut 2/10 of the 1994 Furious Flower Conference, featuring selections from Poetry Reading 1 (Elizabeth Alexander, Gerald Barrax; Toi Derricotte; and E. Ethelbert Miller) and Poetry Reading 2 (Sam Allen, Pinkie Gordon Lane, Haki Madhubuti, Naomi Long Madgett). ","This footage was originally recorded on a MII videocassette.","Supercut 3/10 of the 1994 Furious Flower Conference, featuring selections from Poetry Reading 2 (Naomi Long Madgett) and Poetry Reading 3 (Amiri Baraka, Mari Evans, Michael S. Harper, Sonia Sanchez). ","This footage was originally recorded on a MII videocassette.","Supercut 4/10 of the 1994 Furious Flower Conference, featuring selections from Critics' Roundtable: Critical Theories and Approaches in African American Poetry and the keynote speeches by Rita Dove and Gwendolyn Brooks. ","This footage was originally recorded on a MII videocassette.","Supercut 5/10 of the 1994 Furious Flower Conference, featuring the remainder of  Gwendolyn Brooks' keynote speech and selections from Poetry Reading 4 (Dolores Kendrick, Nikki Giovanni, Eugene Redmond). ","This footage was originally recorded on a MII videocassette.","Supercut 6/10 of the 1994 Furious Flower Conference, featuring selections from the Tribute Banquet. ","This footage was originally recorded on a MII videocassette.","Supercut 7/10 of the 1994 Furious Flower Conference, featuring selections from Critics' Roundtable: Writing a Literary History of African American Poetry. ","This footage was originally recorded on a MII videocassette. ","Supercut 8/10 of the 1994 Furious Flower Conference, featuring selections from  Poetry Reading 5 (Jacqueline Brice-Finch, Gwen Butler, Kalamu ya Salaam, Jeannette Drake, Sybil Kein, Adam David Miller, Brenda Marie Osbey, Fabu Carter, Ester Iverem, Mona Lisa Saloy, and Quo Vadis Gex-Breaux). ","This footage was originally recorded on a MII videocassette.","Supercut 9/10 of the 1994 Furious Flower Conference, featuring selections from The Dark Room Collective: A Fisted Reading. ","This footage was originally recorded on a MII videocassette. ","Supercut 10/10 of the 1994 Furious Flower Conference, featuring selections from the Conference Finale. ","This footage was originally recorded on a MII videocassette. ","Audience footage of Poetry Reading 2 from the 1994 Furious Flower Conference. This footage was originally recorded on a MII videocassette.","Footage of posters, books, various artifacts, and exhibits at the 1994 Furious Flower Conference. This footage was originally recorded on a MII videocassette.","Audience footage of Critics' Roundtable: Critical Theories and Approaches in African American Poetry from the 1994 Furious Flower Conference. This footage was originally recorded on a MII videocassette.","Audience footage of Critics' Roundtable: Writing a Literary History of African American Poetry from the 1994 Furious Flower Conference. This footage was originally recorded on a MII videocassette.","Audience footage of Poetry Reading 5 from the 1994 Furious Flower Conference. This footage was originally recorded on a MII videocassette.","Interview with E. Ethelbert Miller at the 1994 Furious Flower Conference. Miller was interviewed by Eugenia Collier in this recording. This footage was originally recorded on MII videocassettes.","Interviews with poets at the 1994 Furious Flower Conference. Featured in this video is Eugene Redmond interviewed by Jabari Asim, Major Jackson interviewed by Vera Beatty, Dolores Kendrick  interviewed by Judith Thomas. This footage was originally recorded on a MII videocassette.","Interviews with poets at the 1994 Furious Flower Conference. Featured in this video is Gerald Barrax interviewed by Joyce Pettis and Nikki Giovanni interviewed by Virginia Fowler. This footage was originally recorded on a MII videocassette.","Interviews with poets at the 1994 Furious Flower Conference. Featured in this video is Major Jackson interviewed by Vera Beatty, Dolres Kendrick interviewed by Judith Thomas, Pinkie Gordon Lane interviewed by Sandra Govan, and Michael S. Harper interviewed by Aldon Nielsen. This footage was originally recorded on a MII videocassette.","Interviews with poets at the 1994 Furious Flower Conference. Featured in this video is Mari Evans interviewed by Val Gray Ward, Everett Hoagland interviewed by Kalamu ya Salaam, and Sonia Sanchez interviewed by Lorenzo Thomas. This footage was originally recorded on a MII videocassette.","Interviews with poets at the 1994 Furious Flower Conference. Featured in this video is Sam Allen interviewed by Jerry Ward, Alvin Aubert interviewed by Lenard Moore, and Amiri Baraka interviewed by Askia Touré. This footage was originally recorded on a MII videocassette.","Interviews with poets at the 1994 Furious Flower Conference. Featured in this video is Sherley Anne Williams interviewed by Deborah McDowell. This footage was originally recorded on a MII videocassette.","Interviews with poets at the 1994 Furious Flower Conference. Featured in this video is Toi Derricotte interviewed by Opal Moore, Haki Madhubuti interviewed by Sonia Sanchez, and Naomi Long Madgett interviewed by Eleanor Traylor. This footage was originally recorded on a MII videocassette.","Arranged alphabetically.","Materials in this series primarily document the planning and implementation of the 2004 Furious Flower Poetry Conference: Regenerating the Black Poetic Tradition. Records include travel and lodging reservations, correspondence with participating poets, financial documentation and budgets, and mailing lists. Marketing and promotional items such as posters and brochures are included. During the 2004 conference, notable African American scholars including Tony Bolden, Hilary Holladay, and Monifa Love conducted interviews with presenting conference poets including Houston Baker, Rita Dove, and Tony Medina. The corresponding transcripts are included and are particularly significant to African American poetry scholarship. Of particular interest is congratulatory correspondence and RSVP regrets for the 2004 conference from Julian Bond, Governor Mark Warner, Senator George Allen, the office of President George W. Bush and Senator John Kerry, President and CEO of the NAACP Kweisi Mfume, and many others. Some of these letters were printed in the official conference program. Also of interest are evaluations completed by conference attendees. Six  silk banners used to decorate the Wilson Hall auditorium during the conference are included in this series. The banners are rolled onto dowels and housed in a rolled storage container. Currently, the silk banners may only be requested (in writing) by Furious Flower Poetry Center staff.","Opening Session and welcome to participants for the 2004 Furious Flower Conference at James Madison University. The first recording is a copy of the ten-minute documentary that was shown during the opening session and the second tape features performances and remarks from the session itself. The Opening Session was held at College Center at James Madison University on Thursday, September 23, 2004 at 8:30 a.m.","This footage was originally recorded on 1 MDV and 1 DVCAM videocassettes.","The first Critics' Roundtable of the 2004 Furious Flower Conference at James Madison University. Trudier Harris moderated the session while Maryemma Graham, Hilary Holladay, and Tony Bolden critically discussed turn of the twentieth century poetry, The Black Arts Movement, and modern Black poetry. The session was held at College Center Ballroom at James Madison University on Thursday, September 23, 2004 at 9:30 a.m. ","This footage was originally recorded on 3 DVCAM videocassettes.","Footage of the luncheon hosted by the George Moses Horton Society at the 2004 Furious Flower Conference. The 2004 Furious Flower Poetry Conference program reads, \"Members of the George Moses Horton Society, based at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, will host a luncheon on Thursday, September 23. The Horton Society was concieved by Trudier Harris in the spring of 1996 as a way to encourage sustained scholarly focus on the works of African American poets and to foster presentation and publishing opportunities for that scholarship. Yusef Komunyakaa and T.J. Anderson are the featured speakers.\" This footage only shows a portion of the presentation by T.J. Anderson and Yusef Komunyakaa before cutting off abruptly. The luncheon was held in the College Center Ballroom, James Madison University on Thursday, September 23, 2004 at 11:45 a.m. ","This footage was originally recorded on 1 DVCAM videocassette.","Keynote Speech and Poetry Reading 1 at the 2004 Furious Flower Conference. Houston A. Baker Jr. gave his keynote speech entitled, \"The Poetry of Impulse: Six Inches of African Stone and Lyrical Black Consciousness\" after an introduction by Trudier Harris. The session continued a presentation of the Furious Flower Lifetime Achievement Award to Houston A. Baker Jr. by Jerry W. Ward Jr. and Joanne Gabbin. Susan Facknitz introduced the next segment, a poetry reading with Jabari Asim, Major Jackson, Tony Medina, Opal Moore, Sharan Strange, and Yusef Komunyakaa. The Keynote Speech and Poetry Reading 1 was held at Wilson Hall Auditorium, James Madison University on Friday, September 23, 1994 at 1:15 p.m.","This footage was originally recorded on 2 DVCAM videocassettes. ","Footage of Concurrent Sessions and the Furious Flower Art Opening Reception at the 2004 Furious Flower Conference. The first half of the footage shows snippets of concurrent sessions held in various rooms in Taylor Hall from 4:30-5:45pm on Thursday, September 23, 2004. The second half of the footage features the art opening reception, about which the original 2004 Furious Flower Poetry Conference program states, \"Commissioned to bring visual attention to the work of African American poets and symbolizing the flowering of African American poetry, this important and original work of art by Atlanta artist Malaika Favorite will be unveiled.\" The reception was held in Taylor Hall Room 405 at James Madison University on Thursday, September 23, 2004 at 6:45 p.m. ","This footage was originally recorded on 2 DVCAM videocassettes.","Poetry Reading 2 at the 2004 Furious Flower Conference. This reading featured the following prominent Black poets: Brenda Marie Osbey, Kevin Young, E. Ethelbert Miller, Haki Madhubuti, Lucille Clifton, and Nikki Giovanni.  Kalamu ya Salaam introduced the poets at the beginning of the session. The Poetry Reading was held in Wilson Hall Auditorium at James Madison University on Thursday, September 23, 2004 at 8 p.m. ","This footage was originally recorded on 2 DVCAM videocassettes.","The second Critics' Roundtable of the 2004 Furious Flower Conference at James Madison University. Daryl C. Dance moderated the session while Velma Pollard, Mark Sanders, Eleanor Traylor, and Omékongo Dibinga presented about the topic cross pollination in the African diaspora. The session was held at College Center Ballroom at James Madison University on Friday, September 24, 2004 at 9:30 a.m. ","This footage was originally recorded on 3 DVCAM videocassettes.","Laureate's Circle poetry reading at the 2004 Furious Flower Conference. This reading featured the following prominent Black poets: Eugene Redmond, Dolores Kendrick, Askia Touré, Rita Dove, Amiri Baraka, and Sonia Sanchez. Joanne Gabbin introduced the poets at the beginning of the session. The Laureate's Circle reading was held in Wilson Hall Auditorium, James Madison University on Friday, September 24, 2004 at 1:30 p.m. ","This footage was originally recorded on 3 VHS videocassettes.","Poetry Reading 3 at the 2004 Furious Flower Conference. This reading featured the following prominent Black poets: Harryette Mullen, Alvin Aubert, Nikky Finney, Everett Hoagland, jessica Care moore, and Kalamu ya Salaam. Tony Medina introduced the poets at the beginning of the session. The Poetry Reading was held in Wilson Hall Auditorium at James Madison University on Friday, September 24, 2004 at 3:30 p.m. This footage was originally recorded on 2 VHS videocassettes.","Tribute Banquet for the 2004 Furious Flower Conference at James Madison University. Furious Flower Lifetime Achievement Awards were presented to the following poets: Alvin Aubert, Amiri Baraka, Lucille Clifton, Nikki Giovanni, Haki Madhubuti, Velma Pollard, Eugene Redmond, Sonia Sanchez, and Askia Touré. The event also featured music by D.J. Renegade and the following as presenters: Melba Boyd, William \"Billy Joe\" Harris, Hilary Holladay, Sandra Govan, Quraysh Ali Lansana, Daryl Dance, Howard Rambsy, Lamont Steptoe, and Eleanor Traylor. The banquet was held in the College Center Ballroom, James Madison University on Friday, September 24, 2004 at 7:30 p.m. ","This footage was originally recorded on 4 DVCAM videocassettes.  ","Poetry Jam event at the 2004 Furious Flower Poetry Conference at James Madison University. The original 2004 Furious Flower Poetry Conference program reads, \"Outstanding poets read and perform their work. Music will be provided by the Joel Dias-Porter Quartet. Porter, aka D.J. Renegade, will emcee the event on Friday, September 24 at 10:30 p.m.\" Participants included Joel Dias-Porter, Quo Vadis Gex Breaux, Mona Lisa Saloy, Lenard Moore, Angela Shannon, Lamont Steptoe, and Samantha Thornhill. The event was held at College Center Ballroom, James Madison University on Friday, September 24, 2004 at 10:30 p.m. ","This footage was originally recorded on 1 DVCAM videocassette.","The third Critics' Roundtable of the 2004 Furious Flower Conference at James Madison University. Opal Moore moderated the session while E. Ethelbert Miller, Toi Derricotte, Kelli Norman Ellis, and Sharan Strange discussed the need for MFA writing programs at historically Black colleges and universities, the development of Cave Canem, Chicago State University's MFA writing program, and the history of the Dark Room Collective. The session was held at Grafton Stovall Theater, James Madison University on Saturday, September 25, 2004 at 9:30 a.m. ","This footage was originally recorded on 3 DVCAM videocassettes.","Cave Canem Reunion Luncheon and Open Mic event at the 2004 Furious Flower Conference at James Madison University. The footage begins with the presentation segments of the Cave Canem luncheon before switching to the Open Mic event. Tyehimba Jess was the Emcee for the Open Mic Reading and many poets read their poetry. The luncheon was held in the Phillips Center Ballroom, James Madison University on Saturday, September 25, 2004 at 12:00 p.m. and the Open Mic Reading was held in Grafton Stovall Theater,  at 1:30 p.m. ","This footage was originally recorded on 3 DVCAM videocassettes.","Cave Canem Reunion Reading at the 2004 Furious Flower Conference at James Madision University. The footage begins with a circle jam poetry reading before switching to the Cave Canem Reading. Cornelius Eady, Marilyn Nelson, Kwame Dawes, Elizabeth Alexander, and Toi Derricotte each read their poetry as part of this event. The reading was held in Grafton Stovall Theater, James Madison University on Saturday, September 25, 2004 at 3:30 p.m. ","This footage was originally recorded on 2 DVCAM videocassettes.","Conference Finale for the 2004 Furious Flower Conference. The event featured two musical groups: \"Fertile Ground\" a soul and jazz band from Baltimore, Maryland and \"The Full Moon of Sonia\" which sets Sonia Sanchez's poetry to music. The Conference Finale was held at Wilson Hall Auditorium, James Madison University on Saturday, September 25, 2004 at 8 p.m. ","This footage was originally recorded on 2 videocassettes.","Lifetime Achievement Award Banquet for the 2024 Furious Flower Conference at James Madison University. jessica Care moore and Tony Medina hosted the banquet and David Berry provided the music. Furious Flower Lifetime Achievement Awards were presented to the following poets: Elizabeth Alexander, Kwame Dawes, Cornelius Eady, Nikky Finney, Lorna Goodison, E. Ethelbert Miller, Harryette Mullen, Niyi Osundare, Timothy Seibles, and Patricia Smith. The banquet was held in the Festival Ballroom at James Madison University on Wednesday, September 18, 2024 at 6 p.m.","Opening session and welcome to the participants for the 2024 Furious Flower Conference at James Madison University. A video introduction featuring Afaa M. Weaver opened the session, followed by an in memoriam slideshow. Lauren Alleyne presented an overview of the Furious Flower Poetry Center's work since the 2014 conference. Traci Zimmerman, the Dean of the College of Arts and Letters Dean and interim-Provost, Bob Kolvoord made remarks, and Bethany Nowviskie, Dean of JMU Libraries, gave a presentation about the Mellon Foundation grant partnership between Furious Flower and JMU Libraries. The Opening Session was held in the Festival Ballroom at James Madison University on Thursday, September 19, 2024 at 8:15 a.m.","Keynote Reading and Conversation with honored poets, Elizabeth Alexander \u0026 Kwame Dawes, at the 2024 Furious Flower Conference. Alexander and Dawes read poetry and engaged in discussion with Shara McCallum and Terrance Hayes. The Keynote Reading and Conversation was held in the Festival Ballroom at James Madison University on Thursday, September 19, 2024 at 9:15 a.m.","The Worlds of Black Poetry: Critical Portals, Pathways, and Emergences panel at the 2024 Furious Flower Conference at James Madison University.  Keith Leonard, Jahan Ramazani, Evie Shockley, and Mecca Jamilah Sullivan each presented a paper showcasing the depth and breath of the worlds of Black poetry. Topics of discussion included: avant-garde poetry, elegy and Caribbean poetry, Black confessional poetry, Black feminism, and Black queer poetics. This panel was held in the Festival Ballroom at James Madison University on Thursday, September 19, 2024 at 11:15 a.m.","A Decade of Poetic Experiment: 2014 to 2024 panel at the 2024 Furious Flower Conference at James Madison University. Aldon Lynn Nielsen, C.S. Giscombe, Meta DuEwa Jones, Mark McMorris, Duriel E. Harris, and Douglas Kearney engaged in a round table discussion about the past decade in Black poetry. Experimentation by poets and critics is of particular focus during this panel. This discussion was held in the Festival Ballroom at James Madison University on Thursday, September 19, 2024 at 2 p.m.","Furious Flower Poetry Prize Winner \u0026 Honorable Mention Reading at the 2024 Furious Flower Conference. Winner, Michelle Alexander, Honorable Mention, Raejeana Brooks, and judge, Roger Reeves, read poetry and answered questions from the audience. The Furious Flower Poetry Prize Winner \u0026 Honorable Mention Reading was held in the Festival Ballroom at James Madison University on Thursday, September 19, 2024 at 3:30 p.m.","Black Universe I: Featured Poets Reading at the 2024 Furious Flower Conference. This reading featured the following prominent Black poets from across the world: Rita Dove, Jericho Brown, Camille T. Dungy, Alexis Pauline Gumbs, Malika Booker, Patricia Jabbeh Wesley, Tyehimba Jess, Remica Bingham-Risher, Matthew Shenoda, Lillian-Yvonne Bertram, Cornelius Eady, Frank X. Walker, and Nikky Finney. The Black Universe I: Featured Poets Reading was held in the Festival Ballroom at James Madison University on Thursday, September 19, 2024 at 7 p.m.","Dear Yusef: Celebrating the Life \u0026 Work of Poet \u0026 Professor Yusef Komunyakaa panel at the 2024 Furious Flower Conference. Lynne Thompson, Joel Dias-Porter, Linda Susan Jackson, and Dante Micheaux discussed a new anthology entitled \"Dear Yusef.\" Panelists also shared their personal experiences working with Yusef Kumanyaka and read poetry from the anthology. The session closed with the presenters answering audience questions. This panel was held in the Festival Ballroom at James Madison University on Friday, September 20, 2024 at 8:15 a.m.","Walk With Me: Freedom Fighter's Homage presentation and performance at the 2024 Furious Flower Conference. The session featured a discussion, live performances, and answering questions from the audience. The performance itself examined the long road to freedom for Black people in America and included song, spoken word poetry, and dance. This session was held in the Festival Ballroom at James Madison University on Friday, September 20, 2024 at 9:45 a.m.","Laureate Reading and Conversation at the 2024 Furious Flower Conference. Rita Dove, Poet Laureate of the United States, 1993-1995, introduced poet laureates from across the country and moderated a conversation after the readings. Featured poets included: Angela Jackson (Illinois), Curtis Crisler (Indiana), Amanda Johnston (Texas), avery r. young (Chicago, IL), and Glenis Redmond (Greenville, SC).  The Laureate Reading and Conversation was held in the Festival Ballroom at James Madison University on Friday, September 20, 2024 at 11:15 a.m.","Magnitude \u0026 Bond: A Preview of a Field Study on Black Literary Organizations panel at the 2024 Furious Flower Conference. Lisa Willis, Candace G. Wiley, Nichelle M. Hayes, and Duriel E. Harris discussed the Magnitude and Bond field study. The presenters represented four organizations that are participating in the field study: Cave Canem, The Watering Hole, Center for Black Literature \u0026 Culture (CBLC), and Obsidian: Literature \u0026 Arts in the African Diaspora. The group conversed about why the field study is important, positives and negatives they have experienced as leaders of Black literary arts organizations, and how organizations were chosen for the field study. The session closed with a questions from the audience. This panel was held in the Festival Ballroom at James Madison University on Friday, September 20, 2024 at 2 p.m.","Black Universe II: Featured Poets Reading at the 2024 Furious Flower Conference. This reading featured the following prominent Black poets from across the world: Ross Gay, Erica Hunt, francine j. harris, Roger Reeves, DaMaris Hill, Efe Paul Azino, Merle Collins, Danez Smith, Tara Betts, A. B. Spellman, Lorna Goodison, E. Ethelbert Miller, and Harryette Mullen. The Black Universe II: Featured Poets Reading was held in the Festival Ballroom at James Madison University on Friday, September 20, 2024 at 7 p.m.","Growing a New Garden: Furious Flowering in Classrooms panel at the 2024 Furious Flower Conference. Panelists Anastacia-Reneé, allia abdullah-matta, Brian Hannon, Carmin Wong, and Keisha-Gaye Anderson discussed the Furious Flower Syllabus project, an open access syllabus for a range of educational contexts. Each presenter highlighted their favorite poem featured in the project curriculum, conversed about creating the syllabus, and expressed the importance of such an undertaking. This panel was held in the Festival Ballroom at James Madison University on Saturday, September 21, 2024 at 8:15 a.m.","Black Universe III: Featured Poets Reading at the 2024 Furious Flower Conference. This reading featured the following prominent Black poets from across the world: Kei Miller, Shara McCallum, Tim Seibles, Anastacia Renée, Gregory Pardlo. Joanne Gabbin introduced each poet with a personally written haiku. The Black Universe III: Featured Poets Reading was held in the Festival Ballroom at James Madison University on Saturday, September 21, 2024 at 9:45 a.m.","Black Joy in Song performance at the 2024 Furious Flower Conference. Sonya Gabrielle Baker, Albert Lee, and Jeremiah Padilla performed poetry set to music, incorporating both vocal and instrumental music. This performance was held in the Festival Ballroom at James Madison University on Saturday, September 21, 2024 at 12:30 p.m.","A Vital History: The Cambridge Anthology Roundtable at the 2024 Furious Flower Conference. Panelists Matt Sandler, Carlyn Ferrari, Marta Werbanowska, McKinley Melton, Annette Debo, and Emily Ruth Rutter discussed an upcoming anthology. Each panelist described their essay from the anthology, including topics such as Black poets of the abolition movement, Black women poets, the Black eco-poetic tradition, elegy, and more. The session concluded with a panel discussion and audience questions. This panel was held in the Festival Ballroom at James Madison University on Saturday, September 21, 2024 at 2 p.m.","Black Universe IV: Featured Poets Reading at the 2024 Furious Flower Conference. This reading featured the following prominent Black poets from across the world: Terrance Hayes, Evie Shockley, Niyi Osundare, Canisia Lubrin, Patricia Smith, and Kwame Dawes. Lauren Alleyne closed the session by reading a new poem. The Black Universe IV: Featured Poets Reading was held in the Festival Ballroom at James Madison University on Saturday, September 21, 2024 at 3:30 p.m.","Closing Remarks for the 2024 Furious Flower Conference. Lauren Alleyne, the Executive Director of the Furious Flower Poetry Center, concluded the conference by expressing gratitude for everyone involved with the event in some way. This event was held in the Festival Ballroom at James Madison University on Saturday, September 21, 2024 at 5 p.m.","Interview with Camille Dungy, Ross Gay, Alexis Pauline Gumbs, and Niyi Osundare at the 2024 Furious Flower conference. Nate Marshall moderated the conversation, posing questions about the theme Black planet. The group discussed the relationship between Black identity and the environment, how crafting poetry allows them to explore new relationships with the natural world, and what the worlds of Black poetry mean to them. The interview was recorded in the Festival Conference and Student Center at James Madison University on Thursday, September 19, 2024.","Interview with Erica Hunt, A.B. Spellman, and Glenis Redmond at the 2024 Furious Flower Conference. Keisha-Gaye Anderson moderated the conversation, posing questions about the theme life in poetry. The group discussed why they chose poetry, pivotal moments in their careers, the role of community and collaboration in their development as poets, advice for emerging poets, lessons learned, and what the worlds of Black poetry mean to them. The interview was recorded in the Festival Conference and Student Center at James Madison University on Thursday, September 19, 2024.","Interview with Malika Booker, Danez Smith, and Frank X. Walker at the 2024 Furious Flower Conference. Keith Leonard moderated the conversation, posing questions about the theme collectives and community. The group discussed why it is important to be involved in their respective communities or collectives, the importance of inter-generational connections, and what the worlds of Black poetry mean to them. The interview was recorded in the Festival Conference and Student Center at James Madison University on Thursday, September 19, 2024.","Interview with Anastacia Renée, Canisia Lubrin, and Lillian Yvonne Bertram at the 2024 Furious Flower conference. Mecca Jamilah Sullivan moderated the conversation, posing questions about the theme poetic experimentation. The group discussed what poetic experimentation means to them, the experience of experimentation, what is lost when discussing the process of experimentation, and what the worlds of black poetry mean to them. The interview was recorded in the Festival Conference and Student Center at James Madison University on Friday, September 20, 2024.","Interview with Evie Shockley, Remica Bingham-Risher, Terrance Hayes, and DaMaris Hill at the 2024 Furious Flower Conference. Meta DuEwa Jones moderated the conversation, posing questions about the theme creative scholarship. The group discussed what scholarship means to them, how the market does or does not affect their work, their collaborative practices, the worlds of black poetry as they relate to their scholarly, creative, and critical work, and finding joy in their work. The interview was recorded in the Festival Conference and Student Center at James Madison University on Friday, September 20, 2024.","Interview with Matthew Shenoda, Efe Paul Azino, and Patricia Jabbeh Wesley at the 2024 Furious Flower Conference. Gbenga Adesina moderated the conversation, posing questions about the theme continental conversations. The group discussed diasporic influences, how their work may shape poetry moving forward, and the books or projects they currently working on. This interview was recorded in the Festival Conference and Student Center at James Madison University on Friday, September 20, 2024.","Interview with Tara Betts, avery r. young, Danez Smith, and Mahogany L. Browne  at the 2024 Furious Flower Conference. McKinley Melton moderated the conversation, posing questions about the theme performance. The group discussed what the worlds of Black poetry mean to them, how they see their work engaging in the expansiveness of poetic performance, the best lessons they have learned from their time as poets and performers, and what it means to be at Furious Flower. This interview was recorded in the Festival Conference and Student Center at James Madison University on Friday, September 20, 2024.","Interview with Tyehimba Jess, francine j. harris, jessica Care moore and Airea D. Matthews at the 2024 Furious Flower conference. Ajanaé Dawkins moderated the conversation, posing questions about the theme Detroit conversations. Each poet read one of their poems, discussed how the school of Detroit poetry shaped them, and talked about the evolution of Detroit poetry. This interview was recorded in the Festival Conference and Student Center at James Madison University on Saturday, September 21, 2024.","Interview with Lorna Goodison, Merle Collins, Kei Miller, and Malika Booker at the 2024 Furious Flower conference. Jahan Ramazani moderated the conversation, posing questions about the theme Caribbean conversations. The group discussed Caribbean identity, diasporic identity, the distinctiveness of the Caribbean experience, and what the worlds of Black poetry mean to them. This interview was recorded in the Festival Conference and Student Center at James Madison University on Saturday, September 21, 2024.","Interview with Roger Reeves, Jericho Brown, and Gregory Pardlo at the 2024 Furious Flower conference. Curtis Crisler moderated the conversation, posing questions about the theme Black masculinity. The group discussed their definitions of Black masculinity, how they show vulnerability in their poetry, and what the worlds of Black poetry mean to them. This interview was recorded in the Festival Conference and Student Center at James Madison University on Saturday, September 21, 2024."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA copy of Mourning Katrina: A Poetic Response to Tragedy Buena Vista, Va.: Mariner Publishing, 2009 and 73 Poems for 73 Years: Celebrating the Life of Lucille Clifton Harrisonburg, Va.: Virginia Tech Printing Services, 2010 were removed from Series 2, catalogued, and placed in the Special Collections rare book collection. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe following titles were removed from Series 3 and catalogued: Opala, Joseph A. The Gullah: rice, slavery and the Sierra Leone-American connection. Freetown, Sierra Leone: USIS, 1987; Opala, Joseph. Krio in a nutshell.: Krio Grammar with Lessons, Exercise and Vocabulary, Vol. 1. Freetown, Sierra Leone: [publisher not identified], 1991; Opala, Joseph. Krio in a nutshell.: Krio Conversation with Dialogues, Stories, Proverbs, etc., Vol. 2. Freetown, Sierra Leone: [publisher not identified], 1991; Geraty, Virginia Mixson. Bittle en' t'ing': Gullah cooking with Maum Chrish'. Orangeburg, S.C.: Sandlapper Pub., 1992.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eA broadside printing of Rita Dove's \"Ode to My Right Knee\" (no. 39 of 100) was removed from the collection and cataloged separately.\u003c/p\u003e"],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["A copy of Mourning Katrina: A Poetic Response to Tragedy Buena Vista, Va.: Mariner Publishing, 2009 and 73 Poems for 73 Years: Celebrating the Life of Lucille Clifton Harrisonburg, Va.: Virginia Tech Printing Services, 2010 were removed from Series 2, catalogued, and placed in the Special Collections rare book collection. ","The following titles were removed from Series 3 and catalogued: Opala, Joseph A. The Gullah: rice, slavery and the Sierra Leone-American connection. Freetown, Sierra Leone: USIS, 1987; Opala, Joseph. Krio in a nutshell.: Krio Grammar with Lessons, Exercise and Vocabulary, Vol. 1. Freetown, Sierra Leone: [publisher not identified], 1991; Opala, Joseph. Krio in a nutshell.: Krio Conversation with Dialogues, Stories, Proverbs, etc., Vol. 2. Freetown, Sierra Leone: [publisher not identified], 1991; Geraty, Virginia Mixson. Bittle en' t'ing': Gullah cooking with Maum Chrish'. Orangeburg, S.C.: Sandlapper Pub., 1992.","A broadside printing of Rita Dove's \"Ode to My Right Knee\" (no. 39 of 100) was removed from the collection and cataloged separately."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCopyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCopyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCopyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCopyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCopyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCopyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCopyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCopyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCopyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCopyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCopyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCopyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCopyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCopyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCopyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCopyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCopyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCopyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCopyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCopyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCopyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCopyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCopyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCopyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCopyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCopyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCopyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCopyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCopyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCopyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCopyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCopyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCopyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCopyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCopyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCopyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCopyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCopyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCopyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCopyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCopyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCopyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCopyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCopyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCopyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCopyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCopyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCopyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCopyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCopyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCopyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCopyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCopyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCopyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCopyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCopyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCopyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCopyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCopyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCopyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCopyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCopyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCopyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCopyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCopyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCopyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCopyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCopyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCopyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCopyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCopyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCopyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCopyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCopyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCopyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCopyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCopyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCopyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCopyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCopyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCopyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions","Use Restrictions","Use Restrictions","Use Restrictions","Use Restrictions","Use Restrictions","Use Restrictions","Use Restrictions","Use Restrictions","Use Restrictions","Use Restrictions","Use Restrictions","Use Restrictions","Use Restrictions","Use Restrictions","Use Restrictions","Use Restrictions","Use Restrictions","Use Restrictions","Use Restrictions","Use Restrictions","Use Restrictions","Use Restrictions","Use Restrictions","Use Restrictions","Use Restrictions","Use Restrictions","Use Restrictions","Use Restrictions","Use Restrictions","Use Restrictions","Use Restrictions","Use Restrictions","Use Restrictions","Use Restrictions","Use Restrictions","Use Restrictions","Use Restrictions","Use Restrictions","Use Restrictions","Use Restrictions","Use Restrictions","Use Restrictions","Use Restrictions","Use Restrictions","Use Restrictions","Use Restrictions","Use Restrictions","Use Restrictions","Use Restrictions","Use Restrictions","Use Restrictions","Use Restrictions","Use Restrictions","Use Restrictions","Use Restrictions","Use Restrictions","Use Restrictions","Use Restrictions","Use Restrictions","Use Restrictions","Use Restrictions","Use Restrictions","Use Restrictions","Use Restrictions","Use Restrictions","Use Restrictions","Use Restrictions","Use Restrictions","Use Restrictions","Use Restrictions","Use Restrictions","Use Restrictions","Use Restrictions","Use Restrictions","Use Restrictions","Use Restrictions","Use Restrictions","Use Restrictions","Use Restrictions","Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["Copyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Copyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Copyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Copyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Copyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Copyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Copyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Copyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Copyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Copyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Copyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Copyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Copyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Copyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Copyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Copyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Copyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Copyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Copyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Copyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Copyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Copyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Copyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Copyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Copyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Copyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Copyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Copyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Copyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Copyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Copyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Copyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Copyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Copyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Copyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Copyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Copyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Copyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Copyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Copyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Copyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Copyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Copyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Copyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Copyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Copyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Copyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Copyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Copyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Copyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Copyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Copyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Copyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Copyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Copyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Copyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Copyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Copyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Copyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Copyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Copyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Copyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Copyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Copyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Copyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Copyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Copyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Copyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Copyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Copyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Copyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Copyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Copyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Copyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Copyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Copyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Copyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Copyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Copyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Copyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Copyright for official University records is held by James Madison University; all other copyright is retained by the authors of items in these papers, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_45f28e16f5fdc8ade98243e65fa6eef4\"\u003eThe Furious Flower Poetry Center Records, consisting of 17.6 cubic feet (43 boxes, 1 rolled storage container), document the departmental activities of the Furious Flower Poetry Center.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Furious Flower Poetry Center Records, consisting of 17.6 cubic feet (43 boxes, 1 rolled storage container), document the departmental activities of the Furious Flower Poetry Center."],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","James Madison University. Furious Flower Poetry Center","Furious Flower Conference (1st ) (Location of meeting: James Madison University). Date of meeting or treaty signing: 1994 :.)","Furious Flower Conference (2nd ) (Location of meeting: James Madison University). 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She was the author of nine historical novels for young adults, biographies of Robert Browning and George Eliot, and a study of five American poets entitled \"Imaginary Gardens.\" Additionally she was the author of the Sesquicentennial History of Longwood College.  Dr. Sprague was an accomplished actress who loved the theatre her entire life.  Prior to teaching at Longwood, she was the Director of Dramatics at Notre Dame College.  In 1971, Dr. Sprague established the Victorians Institute in collaboration with two colleagues from the University of North Carolina.  The Institute has developed into an international literary society.  During her lifetime, she was involved in teaching, writing, acting, professional organizations, and community-based groups; but today, her legacy lives on in her writings that are held in libraries throughout the world."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDr. Sprague died in the fall of 1991 as the result of a fire in her Farmville home.  This archival collection, held in the library, contains materials from both her home and her office, and were transferred to the library by Alumni Relations in the winter of 1991.\u003c/p\u003e"],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Custodial History"],"custodhist_tesim":["Dr. Sprague died in the fall of 1991 as the result of a fire in her Farmville home.  This archival collection, held in the library, contains materials from both her home and her office, and were transferred to the library by Alumni Relations in the winter of 1991."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists materials related to the life and career of Dr. Rosemary Sprague.  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Also included is an article about women architects from 1974 and one on Ehsan and her work from 2002. Materials are in English and Persian."],"title_filing_ssi":"4th Congress UIFA, Ramsar, Iran, newspaper clippings","title_ssm":["4th Congress UIFA, Ramsar, Iran, newspaper clippings"],"title_tesim":["4th Congress UIFA, Ramsar, Iran, newspaper clippings"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["May 1974 - January 1977; June 2002"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1974/2002"],"normalized_title_ssm":["4th Congress UIFA, Ramsar, Iran, newspaper clippings"],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"collection_ssim":["International Union of Women Architects (UIFA) Conference Materials"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["Subseries"],"level_ssim":["Subseries"],"sort_isi":3,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The collection is open for research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"date_range_isim":[1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002],"containers_ssim":["box 2"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNewspaper clippings and journal articles documenting the October 1976 Congress in Iran, with a particular focus on architect Noushin Ehsan. 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Materials are in English and Persian."],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#1","timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:03:57.761Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2755","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2755","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2755","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2755","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_2755.xml","title_filing_ssi":"International Union of Women Architects (UIFA) Conference Materials","title_ssm":["International Union of Women Architects (UIFA) Conference Materials"],"title_tesim":["International Union of Women Architects (UIFA) Conference Materials"],"unitdate_ssm":["1981-2024"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1981-2024"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.2012.001"],"text":["Ms.2012.001","International Union of Women Architects (UIFA) Conference Materials","Women -- History","History of Women in Architecture","Architectural drawing -- 20th century","Women-owned architectural firms","Architects","International Archive of Women in Architecture (IAWA)","Architectural drawings (visual works)","The collection is open for research.","The International Union of Women Architects (UIFA) Conference Materials is arranged subject: Series I: International UIFA Events, which is arranged chronologically, and Series II: UIFA Chapters.","Founded in 1963, by Solange d'Herbez de la Tour, the International Union of Women Architects/Union International des Femmes Architectes (UIFA) aims to make known and promote the Woman Architect; to establish relationships and exchanges between professional women; to collect all information concerning the stature and professional life of these women world-wide; to favor friendship links and solidarity, between all members, without political, racial, or religious discrimination. UIFA also works closely with the International Union of Architects (UIA) and others for the interest of the built environment. ","UIFA members range from over 75 different countries.  ","The guide to the International Union of Women Architects (UIFA) Conference Materials by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","The processing, arrangement, and description of the International Union of Women Architects (UIFA) Conference Materials was completed in January 2012. The 2015 accession and additional items were incorporated prior to 2023. A 2023 addition was incorporated in October 2023.","See the following collections, which are also at Virginia Tech Special Collections and University Archives, for additional UIFA materials and information:","Kristine K. Fallon Papers, Ms2000-035","Gertrude Galster publications and Gerda Pingel exhibition posters in the   IAWA Small Collections, Ms1996-020","L. Jane Hastings Architectural Papers, Ms2004-004","Berta Rahm Architectural Collection, Ms1998-011","Jean Linden Young Papers, Ms1998-022","Ute Weström Architectural Papers, Ms1996-023","The collection contains publications and presentation material from UIFA international events beginning with the Second Workshop of UIFA in 1981 and continuing to present day conferences. Newsletters and pamphlets from individual chapters of representing nations (specifically UIFA Japan) are also present. ","A significant portion of these materials have been donated by Milka Bliznakov, International Archives of Women in Architecture (IAWA) founder as well as frequent speaker and attendee at UIFA events.  Bliznakov used UIFA Congresses as a catalyst for meeting leading woman in the profession and for encouraging participants to donate collections to the IAWA. ","Newspaper clippings and journal articles documenting the October 1976 Congress in Iran, with a particular focus on architect Noushin Ehsan. Also included is an article about women architects from 1974 and one on Ehsan and her work from 2002. Materials are in English and Persian.","The website for the join UIFA/IAWA meeting in Blacksburg, Va., can be viewed using the Wayback Machine at the following link:  https://web.archive.org/web/20220305171242/http://www.uifa2015.com/","The UIFA Japan Chapter (also known as UIFA JAPON) materials contain a collection of chapter newsletters from 2003-2006.  Also present are publications, correspondence with UIFA Japan president Yumiko Higashi, photographs, and exhibition materials from \"Houses for Working Women,\" February 2006.","The exhibition \"Houses for Working Women\" was presented by the Women Architects and Engineers Association and held in Tokyo from 13 January - 12 February 2006.  Exhibitors present in collection include:  Noriko Katsumi  \"How to live in winter weather\" and \"House with business space;\"  Masako Yakabe  \"House for living with grown children\" and \"House with mother's quarter;\" Yumiko Higashi  \"Ultra-small house\" and \"Home with a classroom;\"  Sohu  \"Small home office;\"  Hisako Suzuki  \"Working couple house,\" \"Two generations house with two independent buildings,\" and \"House for three generations;\"  Masako Hazawa  \"House using a very small lot\" and House with built in furniture.\"","In late 2010, the  International Archive of Women in Architecture  partnered with  UIFA JAPON  to develop a traveling exhibit entitled \"For the Future: The Pioneering Women in Architecture.\" The exhibit, conceived as a celebration of the 25th anniversary of the IAWA, featured pioneering architects from Japan and the United States. The exhibit was expanded to memorialized IAWA founder  Dr. Milka T. Bliznakov , who passed away in November 2010. Installation of the exhibit was delayed by the Great East Japan earthquake (Friday 11 March 2011). UIFA JAPON members collaborated with the IAWA to display the exhibition at eight venues across the Kanto region of Japan from June 2011 through March 2013. The catalog is printed in Japanese and English.","Materials are comprised of a small selection of UIFA JAPON newsletters from 2003-2006, 2012, and 2024. Issues include nos. 55, 59, 63, 67, 92, 128, and 129. Newsletters are written in Japanese and English.","25th Anniversary issue of chapter publication: \"Towards a Society with Equality, Peace, and Beauty\"","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives ( specref@vt.edu  or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","The International Union of Women Architects (UIFA) was founded in 1963 by Solange d'Herbez de la Tour.  The organization aims to promote women in the profession by increasing the public's awareness of contributions made to the field by women and by creating a network of international colleagues. UIFA encourages the exchange of information through its regular conferences hosted by participating chapters from around the globe.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","International Union of Women Architects","Gorgenyi, Judit","Hoksza, Eva","Oron, Joyce, 1954-","Nanasy, Ilona","Matsukawa-Tsuchida, Junko","Toshiko-Yamamoto, Kimiyo","Ishikawa, Yaeko","Masamune, Kazuko","Nanay, Eva","Tihanyi, Judit","Xu, Yifang","Inagaki, Hiroko","Møller, Alice Finnerup","Higashi, Yumiko ","Suzuki, Hisako","Katsumi, Noriko","Yakabe, Masako","Hazwaw, Masako","The materials in the collection are in English and Japanese."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.2012.001"],"normalized_title_ssm":["International Union of Women Architects (UIFA) Conference Materials"],"collection_title_tesim":["International Union of Women Architects (UIFA) Conference Materials"],"collection_ssim":["International Union of Women Architects (UIFA) Conference Materials"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives ( specref@vt.edu  or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The collection was donated to Special Collections and University Archives in multiple accruals from 2001-2015 and in additional undated donations. An addition was made in 2023."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Women -- History","History of Women in Architecture","Architectural drawing -- 20th century","Women-owned architectural firms","Architects","International Archive of Women in Architecture (IAWA)","Architectural drawings (visual works)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Women -- History","History of Women in Architecture","Architectural drawing -- 20th century","Women-owned architectural firms","Architects","International Archive of Women in Architecture (IAWA)","Architectural drawings (visual works)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["4 Cubic Feet 3 boxes, 4 oversize folders"],"extent_tesim":["4 Cubic Feet 3 boxes, 4 oversize folders"],"genreform_ssim":["Architectural drawings (visual works)"],"date_range_isim":[1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018,2019,2020,2021,2022,2023,2024],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe International Union of Women Architects (UIFA) Conference Materials is arranged subject: Series I: International UIFA Events, which is arranged chronologically, and Series II: UIFA Chapters.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The International Union of Women Architects (UIFA) Conference Materials is arranged subject: Series I: International UIFA Events, which is arranged chronologically, and Series II: UIFA Chapters."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFounded in 1963, by Solange d'Herbez de la Tour, the International Union of Women Architects/Union International des Femmes Architectes (UIFA) aims to make known and promote the Woman Architect; to establish relationships and exchanges between professional women; to collect all information concerning the stature and professional life of these women world-wide; to favor friendship links and solidarity, between all members, without political, racial, or religious discrimination. UIFA also works closely with the International Union of Architects (UIA) and others for the interest of the built environment. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eUIFA members range from over 75 different countries.  \u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Administrative History"],"bioghist_tesim":["Founded in 1963, by Solange d'Herbez de la Tour, the International Union of Women Architects/Union International des Femmes Architectes (UIFA) aims to make known and promote the Woman Architect; to establish relationships and exchanges between professional women; to collect all information concerning the stature and professional life of these women world-wide; to favor friendship links and solidarity, between all members, without political, racial, or religious discrimination. UIFA also works closely with the International Union of Architects (UIA) and others for the interest of the built environment. ","UIFA members range from over 75 different countries.  "],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the International Union of Women Architects (UIFA) Conference Materials by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the International Union of Women Architects (UIFA) Conference Materials by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], International Union of Women Architects (UIFA) Conference Materials, Ms2012-001, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], International Union of Women Architects (UIFA) Conference Materials, Ms2012-001, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the International Union of Women Architects (UIFA) Conference Materials was completed in January 2012. The 2015 accession and additional items were incorporated prior to 2023. A 2023 addition was incorporated in October 2023.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the International Union of Women Architects (UIFA) Conference Materials was completed in January 2012. The 2015 accession and additional items were incorporated prior to 2023. A 2023 addition was incorporated in October 2023."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSee the following collections, which are also at Virginia Tech Special Collections and University Archives, for additional UIFA materials and information:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://aspace.lib.vt.edu/repositories/2/resources/3229\" title=\"Kristine Fallon\"\u003eKristine K. Fallon Papers, Ms2000-035\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGertrude Galster publications and Gerda Pingel exhibition posters in the \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://aspace.lib.vt.edu/repositories/2/resources/2473\" title=\"IAWA Small Collections\"\u003e IAWA Small Collections, Ms1996-020\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://aspace.lib.vt.edu/repositories/2/resources/2265\" title=\"L. Jane Hastings\"\u003eL. Jane Hastings Architectural Papers, Ms2004-004\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\n\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://aspace.lib.vt.edu/repositories/2/resources/2068\" title=\"Berta Rahm\"\u003eBerta Rahm Architectural Collection, Ms1998-011\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://aspace.lib.vt.edu/repositories/2/resources/2076\" title=\"Jean Linden Young\"\u003eJean Linden Young Papers, Ms1998-022\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://aspace.lib.vt.edu/repositories/2/resources/2033\" title=\"Ute Westrom\"\u003eUte Weström Architectural Papers, Ms1996-023\u003c/a\u003e \u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Archival Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["See the following collections, which are also at Virginia Tech Special Collections and University Archives, for additional UIFA materials and information:","Kristine K. Fallon Papers, Ms2000-035","Gertrude Galster publications and Gerda Pingel exhibition posters in the   IAWA Small Collections, Ms1996-020","L. Jane Hastings Architectural Papers, Ms2004-004","Berta Rahm Architectural Collection, Ms1998-011","Jean Linden Young Papers, Ms1998-022","Ute Weström Architectural Papers, Ms1996-023"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection contains publications and presentation material from UIFA international events beginning with the Second Workshop of UIFA in 1981 and continuing to present day conferences. Newsletters and pamphlets from individual chapters of representing nations (specifically UIFA Japan) are also present. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eA significant portion of these materials have been donated by Milka Bliznakov, International Archives of Women in Architecture (IAWA) founder as well as frequent speaker and attendee at UIFA events.  Bliznakov used UIFA Congresses as a catalyst for meeting leading woman in the profession and for encouraging participants to donate collections to the IAWA. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNewspaper clippings and journal articles documenting the October 1976 Congress in Iran, with a particular focus on architect Noushin Ehsan. Also included is an article about women architects from 1974 and one on Ehsan and her work from 2002. Materials are in English and Persian.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe website for the join UIFA/IAWA meeting in Blacksburg, Va., can be viewed using the Wayback Machine at the following link: \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20220305171242/http://www.uifa2015.com/\"\u003ehttps://web.archive.org/web/20220305171242/http://www.uifa2015.com/\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe UIFA Japan Chapter (also known as UIFA JAPON) materials contain a collection of chapter newsletters from 2003-2006.  Also present are publications, correspondence with UIFA Japan president Yumiko Higashi, photographs, and exhibition materials from \"Houses for Working Women,\" February 2006.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe exhibition \"Houses for Working Women\" was presented by the Women Architects and Engineers Association and held in Tokyo from 13 January - 12 February 2006.  Exhibitors present in collection include: \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eNoriko Katsumi\u003c/emph\u003e \"How to live in winter weather\" and \"House with business space;\" \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eMasako Yakabe\u003c/emph\u003e \"House for living with grown children\" and \"House with mother's quarter;\"\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eYumiko Higashi\u003c/emph\u003e \"Ultra-small house\" and \"Home with a classroom;\" \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSohu\u003c/emph\u003e \"Small home office;\" \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eHisako Suzuki \u003c/emph\u003e\"Working couple house,\" \"Two generations house with two independent buildings,\" and \"House for three generations;\" \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eMasako Hazawa\u003c/emph\u003e \"House using a very small lot\" and House with built in furniture.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn late 2010, the \u003cemph\u003eInternational Archive of Women in Architecture\u003c/emph\u003e partnered with \u003cemph\u003eUIFA JAPON\u003c/emph\u003e to develop a traveling exhibit entitled \"For the Future: The Pioneering Women in Architecture.\" The exhibit, conceived as a celebration of the 25th anniversary of the IAWA, featured pioneering architects from Japan and the United States. The exhibit was expanded to memorialized IAWA founder \u003cemph\u003eDr. Milka T. Bliznakov\u003c/emph\u003e, who passed away in November 2010. Installation of the exhibit was delayed by the Great East Japan earthquake (Friday 11 March 2011). UIFA JAPON members collaborated with the IAWA to display the exhibition at eight venues across the Kanto region of Japan from June 2011 through March 2013. The catalog is printed in Japanese and English.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMaterials are comprised of a small selection of UIFA JAPON newsletters from 2003-2006, 2012, and 2024. Issues include nos. 55, 59, 63, 67, 92, 128, and 129. Newsletters are written in Japanese and English.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e25th Anniversary issue of chapter publication: \"Towards a Society with Equality, Peace, and Beauty\"\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection contains publications and presentation material from UIFA international events beginning with the Second Workshop of UIFA in 1981 and continuing to present day conferences. Newsletters and pamphlets from individual chapters of representing nations (specifically UIFA Japan) are also present. ","A significant portion of these materials have been donated by Milka Bliznakov, International Archives of Women in Architecture (IAWA) founder as well as frequent speaker and attendee at UIFA events.  Bliznakov used UIFA Congresses as a catalyst for meeting leading woman in the profession and for encouraging participants to donate collections to the IAWA. ","Newspaper clippings and journal articles documenting the October 1976 Congress in Iran, with a particular focus on architect Noushin Ehsan. Also included is an article about women architects from 1974 and one on Ehsan and her work from 2002. Materials are in English and Persian.","The website for the join UIFA/IAWA meeting in Blacksburg, Va., can be viewed using the Wayback Machine at the following link:  https://web.archive.org/web/20220305171242/http://www.uifa2015.com/","The UIFA Japan Chapter (also known as UIFA JAPON) materials contain a collection of chapter newsletters from 2003-2006.  Also present are publications, correspondence with UIFA Japan president Yumiko Higashi, photographs, and exhibition materials from \"Houses for Working Women,\" February 2006.","The exhibition \"Houses for Working Women\" was presented by the Women Architects and Engineers Association and held in Tokyo from 13 January - 12 February 2006.  Exhibitors present in collection include:  Noriko Katsumi  \"How to live in winter weather\" and \"House with business space;\"  Masako Yakabe  \"House for living with grown children\" and \"House with mother's quarter;\" Yumiko Higashi  \"Ultra-small house\" and \"Home with a classroom;\"  Sohu  \"Small home office;\"  Hisako Suzuki  \"Working couple house,\" \"Two generations house with two independent buildings,\" and \"House for three generations;\"  Masako Hazawa  \"House using a very small lot\" and House with built in furniture.\"","In late 2010, the  International Archive of Women in Architecture  partnered with  UIFA JAPON  to develop a traveling exhibit entitled \"For the Future: The Pioneering Women in Architecture.\" The exhibit, conceived as a celebration of the 25th anniversary of the IAWA, featured pioneering architects from Japan and the United States. The exhibit was expanded to memorialized IAWA founder  Dr. Milka T. Bliznakov , who passed away in November 2010. Installation of the exhibit was delayed by the Great East Japan earthquake (Friday 11 March 2011). UIFA JAPON members collaborated with the IAWA to display the exhibition at eight venues across the Kanto region of Japan from June 2011 through March 2013. The catalog is printed in Japanese and English.","Materials are comprised of a small selection of UIFA JAPON newsletters from 2003-2006, 2012, and 2024. Issues include nos. 55, 59, 63, 67, 92, 128, and 129. Newsletters are written in Japanese and English.","25th Anniversary issue of chapter publication: \"Towards a Society with Equality, Peace, and Beauty\""],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (\u003ca href=\"mailto:specref@vt.edu\"\u003especref@vt.edu\u003c/a\u003e or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives ( specref@vt.edu  or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_d8e930f984afef3511225274be3fe3c9\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe International Union of Women Architects (UIFA) was founded in 1963 by Solange d'Herbez de la Tour.  The organization aims to promote women in the profession by increasing the public's awareness of contributions made to the field by women and by creating a network of international colleagues. UIFA encourages the exchange of information through its regular conferences hosted by participating chapters from around the globe.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The International Union of Women Architects (UIFA) was founded in 1963 by Solange d'Herbez de la Tour.  The organization aims to promote women in the profession by increasing the public's awareness of contributions made to the field by women and by creating a network of international colleagues. UIFA encourages the exchange of information through its regular conferences hosted by participating chapters from around the globe."],"names_coll_ssim":["International Union of Women Architects","Gorgenyi, Judit","Hoksza, Eva","Oron, Joyce, 1954-","Nanasy, Ilona","Matsukawa-Tsuchida, Junko","Toshiko-Yamamoto, Kimiyo","Ishikawa, Yaeko","Masamune, Kazuko","Nanay, Eva","Tihanyi, Judit","Xu, Yifang","Inagaki, Hiroko","Møller, Alice Finnerup","Higashi, Yumiko ","Suzuki, Hisako","Katsumi, Noriko","Yakabe, Masako","Hazwaw, Masako"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","International Union of Women Architects","Gorgenyi, Judit","Hoksza, Eva","Oron, Joyce, 1954-","Nanasy, Ilona","Matsukawa-Tsuchida, Junko","Toshiko-Yamamoto, Kimiyo","Ishikawa, Yaeko","Masamune, Kazuko","Nanay, Eva","Tihanyi, Judit","Xu, Yifang","Inagaki, Hiroko","Møller, Alice Finnerup","Higashi, Yumiko ","Suzuki, Hisako","Katsumi, Noriko","Yakabe, Masako","Hazwaw, Masako"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","International Union of Women Architects"],"persname_ssim":["Gorgenyi, Judit","Hoksza, Eva","Oron, Joyce, 1954-","Nanasy, Ilona","Matsukawa-Tsuchida, Junko","Toshiko-Yamamoto, Kimiyo","Ishikawa, Yaeko","Masamune, Kazuko","Nanay, Eva","Tihanyi, Judit","Xu, Yifang","Inagaki, Hiroko","Møller, Alice Finnerup","Higashi, Yumiko ","Suzuki, Hisako","Katsumi, Noriko","Yakabe, Masako","Hazwaw, Masako"],"language_ssim":["The materials in the collection are in English and Japanese."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":48,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:03:57.761Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2755_c01_c02"}}],"included":[{"type":"facet","id":"repository_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Repository","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Alexandria Library","value":"Alexandria Library","hits":7},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1989\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subseries\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"College of William and Mary","value":"College of William and Mary","hits":167},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1989\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subseries\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=College+of+William+and+Mary\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"George Mason University","value":"George Mason University","hits":226},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1989\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subseries\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=George+Mason+University\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"James Madison University","value":"James Madison University","hits":40},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1989\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subseries\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=James+Madison+University\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Longwood University","value":"Longwood University","hits":29},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1989\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subseries\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Longwood+University\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Old Dominion University","value":"Old Dominion University","hits":537},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1989\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subseries\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Old+Dominion+University\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"The George Washington Presidential Library at Mount Vernon","value":"The George Washington Presidential Library at Mount Vernon","hits":18},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1989\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subseries\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=The+George+Washington+Presidential+Library+at+Mount+Vernon\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"University of Mary Washington","value":"University of Mary Washington","hits":10},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1989\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subseries\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=University+of+Mary+Washington\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"University of Richmond","value":"University of Richmond","hits":2},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1989\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subseries\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=University+of+Richmond\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept.","value":"University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept.","hits":375},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1989\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subseries\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=University+of+Virginia%2C+Special+Collections+Dept.\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library","value":"Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library","hits":32},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1989\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subseries\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Virginia+Commonwealth+University%2C+Cabell+Library\u0026view=compact"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/repository_ssim.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1989\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subseries\u0026view=compact"}},{"type":"facet","id":"collection_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Collection","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"A. E. Dick Howard papers","value":"A. E. Dick Howard papers","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=A.+E.+Dick+Howard+papers\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1989\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subseries\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Alexandria Library Records (MS098)","value":"Alexandria Library Records (MS098)","hits":4},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library+Records+%28MS098%29\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1989\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subseries\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Alfred C. Payne Collection","value":"Alfred C. 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