{"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1974\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=University+of+Virginia%2C+Special+Collections+Dept.\u0026page=12","prev":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1974\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=University+of+Virginia%2C+Special+Collections+Dept.\u0026page=11","next":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1974\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=University+of+Virginia%2C+Special+Collections+Dept.\u0026page=13","last":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1974\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=University+of+Virginia%2C+Special+Collections+Dept.\u0026page=561"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":12,"next_page":13,"prev_page":11,"total_pages":561,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":110,"total_count":5610,"first_page?":false,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"viu_repositories_4_resources_555_c17","type":"Series","attributes":{"title":"Addendum to the Papers of Richard J. Bonnie [s], 1972/2015","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_4_resources_555_c17#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThe bulk of these papers (6 boxes, 3 linear ft. plus some oversize materials) relate to the work and organization of the Geneva Initiative on Psychiatry (GIP), an international nonprofit organization established in 1980 to eradicate the political abuse of psychiatry, mainly in the Soviet Union and Romania. Over the years the GIP extended his reach and worked for the \"reform and humanization of the entire mental health care in Central and Eastern Europe.\" Professor Bonnie, who worked with GIP since the beginning was part of the Board of Directors. In 2005, the GIP was renamed Global Initiative on Psychiatry. The collection also includes files on China's Mental Health Reform, the World Psychiatric Association China's Mission, some Czech and Serbia's files related to mental health and the Scottish Law Commission. In addition there are IOM (Institute of Medicine) files regarding Bonnie's work on the Committee on Improving Health, Safety and Well-being of Young Adults and the Committee on Health Implications of Raising the Minimum Age for Purchasing Tobacco Products, and State of Virginia files related to mental health.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_4_resources_555_c17#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viu_repositories_4_resources_555_c17","ref_ssm":["viu_repositories_4_resources_555_c17"],"id":"viu_repositories_4_resources_555_c17","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_4_resources_555","_root_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_555","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_555","parent_ssi":"viu_repositories_4_resources_555","parent_ssim":["Richard J. Bonnie papers, 1913/2016"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viu_repositories_4_resources_555"],"title_filing_ssi":"Addendum to the Papers of Richard J. Bonnie [s]","title_ssm":["Addendum to the Papers of Richard J. Bonnie [s]"],"title_tesim":["Addendum to the Papers of Richard J. Bonnie [s]"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Addendum to the Papers of Richard J. Bonnie [s], 1972/2015"],"text":["Addendum to the Papers of Richard J. Bonnie [s], 1972/2015","Richard J. Bonnie papers, 1913/2016","The bulk of these papers  (6 boxes, 3 linear ft. plus some oversize materials) relate to the work and organization of the Geneva Initiative on Psychiatry (GIP), an international nonprofit organization established in 1980 to eradicate the political abuse of psychiatry, mainly in the Soviet Union and Romania.  Over the years the GIP extended his reach and worked for the \"reform and humanization of the entire mental health care in Central and Eastern Europe.\" Professor Bonnie, who worked with GIP since the beginning was part of the Board of Directors.  In 2005, the GIP was renamed Global Initiative on Psychiatry. \nThe collection also includes files on China's Mental Health Reform, the World Psychiatric Association China's Mission, some Czech and Serbia's files related to mental health and the Scottish Law Commission. \nIn addition there are IOM (Institute of Medicine) files regarding Bonnie's work on the Committee on Improving Health, Safety and Well-being of Young Adults and the Committee on Health Implications of Raising the Minimum Age for Purchasing Tobacco Products, and State of Virginia files related to mental health."],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Richard J. Bonnie papers, 1913/2016"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Richard J. Bonnie papers, 1913/2016"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1972/2015"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1972-2015"],"level_ssm":["Series"],"level_ssim":["Series"],"component_level_isim":[1],"sort_isi":1002,"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"collection_ssim":["Richard J. Bonnie papers, 1913/2016"],"extent_ssm":["2.3 Linear Feet 6 boxes plus some oversized files."],"extent_tesim":["2.3 Linear Feet 6 boxes plus some oversized files."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":2,"acqinfo_ssim":["This addition was received in May of 2015."],"date_range_isim":[1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe bulk of these papers  (6 boxes, 3 linear ft. plus some oversize materials) relate to the work and organization of the Geneva Initiative on Psychiatry (GIP), an international nonprofit organization established in 1980 to eradicate the political abuse of psychiatry, mainly in the Soviet Union and Romania.  Over the years the GIP extended his reach and worked for the \"reform and humanization of the entire mental health care in Central and Eastern Europe.\" Professor Bonnie, who worked with GIP since the beginning was part of the Board of Directors.  In 2005, the GIP was renamed Global Initiative on Psychiatry. \nThe collection also includes files on China's Mental Health Reform, the World Psychiatric Association China's Mission, some Czech and Serbia's files related to mental health and the Scottish Law Commission. \nIn addition there are IOM (Institute of Medicine) files regarding Bonnie's work on the Committee on Improving Health, Safety and Well-being of Young Adults and the Committee on Health Implications of Raising the Minimum Age for Purchasing Tobacco Products, and State of Virginia files related to mental health.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The bulk of these papers  (6 boxes, 3 linear ft. plus some oversize materials) relate to the work and organization of the Geneva Initiative on Psychiatry (GIP), an international nonprofit organization established in 1980 to eradicate the political abuse of psychiatry, mainly in the Soviet Union and Romania.  Over the years the GIP extended his reach and worked for the \"reform and humanization of the entire mental health care in Central and Eastern Europe.\" Professor Bonnie, who worked with GIP since the beginning was part of the Board of Directors.  In 2005, the GIP was renamed Global Initiative on Psychiatry. \nThe collection also includes files on China's Mental Health Reform, the World Psychiatric Association China's Mission, some Czech and Serbia's files related to mental health and the Scottish Law Commission. \nIn addition there are IOM (Institute of Medicine) files regarding Bonnie's work on the Committee on Improving Health, Safety and Well-being of Young Adults and the Committee on Health Implications of Raising the Minimum Age for Purchasing Tobacco Products, and State of Virginia files related to mental health."],"_nest_path_":"/components#16","timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:54:31.360Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_4_resources_555","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_4_resources_555","_root_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_555","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_555","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_4_resources_555.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/136818","title_ssm":["Richard J. Bonnie papers"],"title_tesim":["Richard J. Bonnie papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1913-2016"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1913-2016"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1913/2016"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Richard J. Bonnie papers, 1913/2016"],"text":["Richard J. Bonnie papers, 1913/2016","MSS.81.9","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/555","Competency to stand trial -- United States","Death row -- Virginia","Drug abuse -- United States","Human rights -- United States","Insanity (Law) -- United States","Marijuana -- Law and legislation","Mental health laws -- Virginia","Mental health laws -- United States","Political prisoners -- Soviet Union","Psychiatry -- Soviet Union","University of Virginia. School of Law -- History","clippings (information artifacts)","The Bonnie papers remain grouped as they were received.","MSS 81-9 contains clippings on the National Commission on Marihuana and Drug Abuse, or Shafer Commission.","MSS 81-9a: contains public service files (almost exclusively relating to drug issues); professional activities (relating mainly to drugs and the insanity defense); University of Virginia, primarily the Law School; general correspondence and related files.","MSS 81-9b contains miscellaneous papers relating to Bonnie's work with a task force organized to study alcohol and drug abuse at the University of Virginia, 1986-1987.","MSS 81-9c includes assorted papers on alcohol and drug law, psychiatry, the Graduate Program for Judges, and the University of Virginia, as well as general correspondence for 1985-1986.","MSS 81-9d comprises files dated 1972 to 1990 dealing with the death penalty -- case files of eight death row inmates (four of whom were represented by Bonnie), and professional papers concerning the issue of mental competency. The case files consist mainly of records and briefs, but also include background material and correspondence.  Most notable are those materials, such as psychiatric evaluations and clinical interviews, which pertain to the issue of mental competency.  Bonnie's professional papers also include  scholarly articles and transcripts of speeches dealing with this topic.  Researchers must have Professor Bonnie's permission for access to the death row case files.","Also of note in these papers are files dealing with Bonnie's 1989 visit to the Soviet Union as a member of a delegation investigating psychiatric abuses in that country.  These files contain the delegation's official report, travel accounts, interviews with Soviet psychiatric patients, and translations of various Soviet laws and regulations.  Researchers whose interest is human rights in the Soviet Union will find these files useful, as they contain primary source material on the role of the Soviet psychiatric profession in suppressing dissent.\n    \nMSS 81-9f concerns the 1990 death penalty appeal of Joe Giarratano, including the clemency petition documents to Governor Douglas M. Wilder, as well as psychiatric evaluations, tests and studies, review of the facts, letters of support for Giarratano, and correspondence with him.  Researchers must have Richard Bonnie's permission for access to the Giarratano files.  This addition also contains some files concerning the 1990 Soviet Psychiatry Project.","MSS 81-9g includes Law School files restricted to researchers having access permission from the Dean's Office, as well as unrestricted files for other Law School and University committees.  In addition are papers of the American Psychiatric Association [APA], the State Human Rights Committee [SHRC], the Virginia Bar Association [VBA], the Virginia Department of Mental Health and Mental Retardation [VDMHMR], and the Marihuana Project. There are other miscellaneous files.","MSS 81-9h contains a large group of documents from the Institute of Medicine (IOM) related to the report on the Nicotine Study regarding the prevention of tobacco use by children and youths.  Additional death row files, including Joe Giarratano's (restricted), and other professional matters are part of this addition.","MSS 81-9i consists of files related to Soviet psychiatry and the 1991 visit of members of the World Psychiatry Association trip to the U.S.S.R.  The remaining boxes concern other professional interests, such as the American Psychiatric Association, the Institute of Medicine's study on nicotine, Medicine in the Public Interest, capital punishment, as well as law school matters.","MSS 81-9j contains professional files related to the Law School, the Institute of Medicine, and Virginia Bar Association files related to criminal law and on the mentally disabled.","MSS 81-9k contains Professor Bonnie's activities report; files on CPDD (College on Problems of Drug Dependence); correspondence, and client files. Also APA Council files, Geneva Initiative on Psychiatry, State Human Rights Study, and other miscellaneous files.","MSS 81-9l contains files on issues concerning the College on Problems of Drug Dependence, the Geneva Initiative on Psychiatry, and the Institute of Medicine that relate to earlier accessions of Bonnie's papers. In addition, there is more recent correspondence with Svetlana Polubinskaya.","MSS 81-9m contains restricted files that will be open in 2040.","MSS 81-9n consists of miscellaneous files related to Soviet Psychiatry and USA v. Russell Eugene Weston, Jr.","MSS 81-9o contains working professional files, mainly of the American Psychiatry Association Council, elder abuse and neglect files, and client files.","MSS 81-9p consists of APA Files, committee files, and some Russian documents pertaining to mental health law and protection for the disabled. The Atkins v. Virginia files pertaining to Prof. Bonnie's work on the special sub-committee of the Virginia State Crime Commission to revise the issues of the Supreme Court Case, and to assemble a Clinical Advisory Group (CAG) to assist the sub-committee in August of 2002.","MSS 81-9q was merged with MSS 81-9r.","MSS 81-9r is divided in two parts.  The first part include files related to Bonnie's work in mental health law internationally and in the United States.  The majority of the files contain documents from the GIP [Geneva Initiative on Psychiatry] work on former Soviet republics and the Network of Reformers in Psychiatry files.  There are miscellaneous professional files, clients' files [restricted], correspondence files, and University of Virginia and Law School files. The second part is entirely related to the Commission on Mental Health Reform in Virginia (2001 - 2010).","MSS 81-9s relates to the work and organization of the Geneva Initiative on Psychiatry (GIP), an international nonprofit organization established in 1980 to eradicate the political abuse of psychiatry, mainly in the Soviet Union and Romania. The collection also includes files on China's Mental Health Reform, the World Psychiatric Association China Mission, some Czech and Serbia files related to mental health, and the Scottish Law Commission. In addition, there are IOM (Institute of Medicine) files regarding Bonnie's work on the Committee on Improving Health, Safety and Well-being of Young Adults, and the Committee on Health Implications of Raising the Minimum Age for Purchasing Tobacco Products, and State of Virginia files related to mental health.","MSS 81-9t consists of APA [American Psychiatric Association] Committee on Judicial Action files and Council on Psychiatry and Law files, Virginia Commission for Mental Health Reform files, College Mental Health Study files, Institute of Law, Psychiatry and Public Policy files, and other miscellaneous documents. All complement previous installments of documents.  Researchers are encouraged to read all guides.","Richard Jeffrey Bonnie, John S. Battle Professor of Law and Director of the Institute of Law, Psychiatry and Public Policy at the University of Virginia, is a recognized authority in the fields of mental health, drug law, and criminal law.  In addition to his roles at the Law School, where he began teaching in 1969, Bonnie has worked for the federal government in various capacities, and as a private consultant.","Born in 1945 at Richmond, Virginia, Bonnie received his bachelor of arts degree from Johns Hopkins University in 1966, and his law degree from Virginia three years later. He ranked first in his law school class, served on the editorial board of the Virginia Law Review, and belonged to the Order of the Coif and the Raven Society.","Following graduation, Bonnie taught at the Law School for a year before becoming associate director of the National Commission on Marihuana and Drug Abuse, serving from 1971 to 1973. In March 1972, the commission, under the direction of former Pennsylvania governor Raymond P. Shafer, unanimously recommended the decriminalization of consumption-related marijuana offenses. Although the report was endorsed by organizations such as the National Council of Churches and the National Education Association, it was quickly rejected by President Nixon and drew only a mixed response from state legislatures.  An amendment to the Uniform Controlled Substances Act, drafted partially by Bonnie and incorporating the commission's findings, was approved by the National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws in 1973.\n \n     \"From 1972 through 1977,\" Bonnie writes in the preface to his 1980 book, Marijuana Use and Criminal Sanctions, \"I was actively involved in the effort to win legislative support for reforming the marijuana laws (p. iii).\"  During most of these years he was also teaching at the Law School (having returned in the fall of 1973), but he found time to participate in the marijuana reform movement in several ways. Bonnie was appointed to the National Advisory Council on Drug Abuse (1975-1980), served as a special assistant to the Attorney General of the United States, and helped write President Ford's White Paper on Drug Abuse in 1975.  He testified on marijuana policy before two U.S. Senate subcommittees and 15 state legislative committees, and in 1976-1977 helped the National Governors' Conference develop its study on state marijuana penalties and policies.  In 1977 he visited several European countries for the federal government, in part to explain the Carter administration's endorsement of marijuana decriminalization.\n    \n    Besides Marijuana Use, Bonnie also co-authored The Marihuana Conviction (1974) with Virginia colleague Charles H. Whitebread II, as well as numerous articles on marijuana and drug law for scholarly journals and periodicals, ranging from the Washington Post to the National Enquirer.\n    \n    In the 1980s, Bonnie began to move away from drug law and turn his attention more to the fields of psychiatry, mental health, and criminal law. He was chairman of the State Human Rights Committee (1979-1985), which was responsible for protecting the rights of the mentally ill and intellectually disabled in Virginia's public institutions, and co-authored a casebook on criminal law (1982) with Virginia professors Peter W. Low and John C. Jeffries, Jr.  Bonnie became a noted expert on the insanity defense, a heated issue following the acquittal of John Hinckley, Jr., in 1982, for the attempted assassination of President Ronald Reagan.\n    \nRichard J. Bonnie teaches and writes about criminal law, bioethics, and public policies relating to mental health, substance abuse, and public health. He is Harrison Foundation Professor of Medicine and Law in the School of Law, Professor of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Sciences in the School of Medicine, and Professor of Public Policy in the Frank S. Batten School of Leadership and Public Policy.","Bonnie has been actively involved in public service throughout his academic career. He was an advisor to the White House office on drug policy from 1973-77 and secretary of the first National Advisory Council on Drug Abuse (1975‐80). From 1979‐1985, he was Chairman of Virginia's State Human Rights Committee, which is responsible for protecting the rights of residents and clients of Virginia's public services system for behavioral health and developmental disabilities. He also chaired the Commonwealth's influential Commission on Mental Health Law Reform from 2006-2011, at the request of the Chief Justice of Virginia.","Bonnie served from 1981‐88 on the Advisory Board for the American Bar Association's Criminal Justice Mental Health Standards Project, from 2004‐2007 on the ABA Task Force on Mental Illness and the Death Penalty, and is currently serving on an ABA Task Force charged with revising the Criminal Justice Mental Health Standards.\n    \nHe has served on three John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation Research Networks – on Mental Health and the Law (1986-1996), Mandated Community Treatment (2000-10), and Law and Neuroscience (since 2006). He has served as an advisor to the American Psychiatric Association's Council on Psychiatry and Law since 1979, and also serves as an advisor to the Committee on Ethics, Law and Humanities of the American Academy of Neurology.","Bonnie was elected to the Institute of Medicine of the National Academy of Sciences in 1991 and has chaired and served on numerous IOM/NRC consensus studies, ranging from elder abuse to underage drinking. He recently chaired landmark studies on tobacco policy, Ending the Tobacco Problem (2007) and juvenile justice, Reforming Juvenile Justice: A Developmental Approach (2013). He has served on governing Boards of both the IOM and NRC, including the IOM Board on Neuroscience and Behavioral Health, the NRC Committee on Law and Justice, and the NRC Board on the Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, and is currently serving on the NRC Board on Cognitive, Behavioral and Sensory Sciences. In 2002 he was awarded the Yarmolinsky Medal for his extraordinary service to the IOM and the National Academies. \n    \nhttps://www.law.virginia.edu/faculty/profile/rjb6f/1146996","This collection includes Richard Bonnie's professional, legal, and research papers, covering the years from approximately 1969 through 2016.","This collection includes drug related issues, decriminalization of marijuana and insanity defense; extra teaching activities at the University of Virginia; case files on death row inmates; professional files related to issues of mental competency; visit to the Soviet Union as member of US delegation invited to investigated the political abuse of psychiatry; files from the State [Virginia] Human Rights Commission, American Bar Association, University of Virginia Institute of Law, Psychiatry and Public Policy; Virginia Department of Health and Mental Retardation, State Human Rights Committee, Virginia Bar Association; Institute of Medicine related to the Nicotine Study for prevention of tobacco use by children and youth; Geneva Initiative on Psychiatry; Commission on Mental Health Reform in Virginia; China Mental Health Reform; Scottish Law Commission and files regarding mental health law in the Czech Republic, Georgia and Serbia; College Mental Health Study files are some of the topics researcher can find in these papers.","An extensive general correspondence file contains materials related to his work in the Law School and other activities; correspondence touching on most of his professional and consulting activities typically may be found with related papers in the appropriate series.  There are very few personal papers.","The collection should be useful to anyone researching drug law, particularly the debate over the decriminalization of marijuana and the rise in drug usage in the 1970s -- an era of great ferment for the drug issue in the United States.  Clippings, correspondence, legislative testimony, the materials of special interest groups like NORML, and the notes for Bonnie's books convey the thoughts and attitudes that shaped the drug issue during these years.  There is a similar, if not as extensive, collection of materials on the insanity defense from the early 1980s.","Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","Virginia. Commission on Mental Health Law","Geneva Initiative on Psychiatry","American Psychiatric Association","Bonnie, Richard J.","English\n      Russian"],"collection_title_tesim":["Richard J. Bonnie papers, 1913/2016"],"collection_ssim":["Richard J. Bonnie papers, 1913/2016"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS.81.9","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/555"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS.81.9","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/555"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_ssm":["Bonnie, Richard J."],"creator_ssim":["Bonnie, Richard J."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Bonnie, Richard J."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","Virginia. Commission on Mental Health Law","Geneva Initiative on Psychiatry","American Psychiatric Association"],"creators_ssim":["Bonnie, Richard J.","Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","Virginia. Commission on Mental Health Law","Geneva Initiative on Psychiatry","American Psychiatric Association"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Professor Bonnie has donated his papers to the Arthur J. Morris Library in 1981, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1990, 1991, 1994, 1995, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2008, 2011, 2015, 2016."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Competency to stand trial -- United States","Death row -- Virginia","Drug abuse -- United States","Human rights -- United States","Insanity (Law) -- United States","Marijuana -- Law and legislation","Mental health laws -- Virginia","Mental health laws -- United States","Political prisoners -- Soviet Union","Psychiatry -- Soviet Union","University of Virginia. School of Law -- History","clippings (information artifacts)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Competency to stand trial -- United States","Death row -- Virginia","Drug abuse -- United States","Human rights -- United States","Insanity (Law) -- United States","Marijuana -- Law and legislation","Mental health laws -- Virginia","Mental health laws -- United States","Political prisoners -- Soviet Union","Psychiatry -- Soviet Union","University of Virginia. School of Law -- History","clippings (information artifacts)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["98 Linear Feet 196 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["98 Linear Feet 196 boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["clippings (information artifacts)"],"date_range_isim":[1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Bonnie papers remain grouped as they were received.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMSS 81-9 contains clippings on the National Commission on Marihuana and Drug Abuse, or Shafer Commission.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMSS 81-9a: contains public service files (almost exclusively relating to drug issues); professional activities (relating mainly to drugs and the insanity defense); University of Virginia, primarily the Law School; general correspondence and related files. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMSS 81-9b contains miscellaneous papers relating to Bonnie's work with a task force organized to study alcohol and drug abuse at the University of Virginia, 1986-1987.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMSS 81-9c includes assorted papers on alcohol and drug law, psychiatry, the Graduate Program for Judges, and the University of Virginia, as well as general correspondence for 1985-1986.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMSS 81-9d comprises files dated 1972 to 1990 dealing with the death penalty -- case files of eight death row inmates (four of whom were represented by Bonnie), and professional papers concerning the issue of mental competency. The case files consist mainly of records and briefs, but also include background material and correspondence.  Most notable are those materials, such as psychiatric evaluations and clinical interviews, which pertain to the issue of mental competency.  Bonnie's professional papers also include  scholarly articles and transcripts of speeches dealing with this topic.  Researchers must have Professor Bonnie's permission for access to the death row case files.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nAlso of note in these papers are files dealing with Bonnie's 1989 visit to the Soviet Union as a member of a delegation investigating psychiatric abuses in that country.  These files contain the delegation's official report, travel accounts, interviews with Soviet psychiatric patients, and translations of various Soviet laws and regulations.  Researchers whose interest is human rights in the Soviet Union will find these files useful, as they contain primary source material on the role of the Soviet psychiatric profession in suppressing dissent.\n    \nMSS 81-9f concerns the 1990 death penalty appeal of Joe Giarratano, including the clemency petition documents to Governor Douglas M. Wilder, as well as psychiatric evaluations, tests and studies, review of the facts, letters of support for Giarratano, and correspondence with him.  Researchers must have Richard Bonnie's permission for access to the Giarratano files.  This addition also contains some files concerning the 1990 Soviet Psychiatry Project.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMSS 81-9g includes Law School files restricted to researchers having access permission from the Dean's Office, as well as unrestricted files for other Law School and University committees.  In addition are papers of the American Psychiatric Association [APA], the State Human Rights Committee [SHRC], the Virginia Bar Association [VBA], the Virginia Department of Mental Health and Mental Retardation [VDMHMR], and the Marihuana Project. There are other miscellaneous files.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMSS 81-9h contains a large group of documents from the Institute of Medicine (IOM) related to the report on the Nicotine Study regarding the prevention of tobacco use by children and youths.  Additional death row files, including Joe Giarratano's (restricted), and other professional matters are part of this addition.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMSS 81-9i consists of files related to Soviet psychiatry and the 1991 visit of members of the World Psychiatry Association trip to the U.S.S.R.  The remaining boxes concern other professional interests, such as the American Psychiatric Association, the Institute of Medicine's study on nicotine, Medicine in the Public Interest, capital punishment, as well as law school matters.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMSS 81-9j contains professional files related to the Law School, the Institute of Medicine, and Virginia Bar Association files related to criminal law and on the mentally disabled.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMSS 81-9k contains Professor Bonnie's activities report; files on CPDD (College on Problems of Drug Dependence); correspondence, and client files. Also APA Council files, Geneva Initiative on Psychiatry, State Human Rights Study, and other miscellaneous files.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMSS 81-9l contains files on issues concerning the College on Problems of Drug Dependence, the Geneva Initiative on Psychiatry, and the Institute of Medicine that relate to earlier accessions of Bonnie's papers. In addition, there is more recent correspondence with Svetlana Polubinskaya.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMSS 81-9m contains restricted files that will be open in 2040.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMSS 81-9n consists of miscellaneous files related to Soviet Psychiatry and USA v. Russell Eugene Weston, Jr.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMSS 81-9o contains working professional files, mainly of the American Psychiatry Association Council, elder abuse and neglect files, and client files.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMSS 81-9p consists of APA Files, committee files, and some Russian documents pertaining to mental health law and protection for the disabled. The Atkins v. Virginia files pertaining to Prof. Bonnie's work on the special sub-committee of the Virginia State Crime Commission to revise the issues of the Supreme Court Case, and to assemble a Clinical Advisory Group (CAG) to assist the sub-committee in August of 2002.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMSS 81-9q was merged with MSS 81-9r.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMSS 81-9r is divided in two parts.  The first part include files related to Bonnie's work in mental health law internationally and in the United States.  The majority of the files contain documents from the GIP [Geneva Initiative on Psychiatry] work on former Soviet republics and the Network of Reformers in Psychiatry files.  There are miscellaneous professional files, clients' files [restricted], correspondence files, and University of Virginia and Law School files. The second part is entirely related to the Commission on Mental Health Reform in Virginia (2001 - 2010).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMSS 81-9s relates to the work and organization of the Geneva Initiative on Psychiatry (GIP), an international nonprofit organization established in 1980 to eradicate the political abuse of psychiatry, mainly in the Soviet Union and Romania. The collection also includes files on China's Mental Health Reform, the World Psychiatric Association China Mission, some Czech and Serbia files related to mental health, and the Scottish Law Commission. In addition, there are IOM (Institute of Medicine) files regarding Bonnie's work on the Committee on Improving Health, Safety and Well-being of Young Adults, and the Committee on Health Implications of Raising the Minimum Age for Purchasing Tobacco Products, and State of Virginia files related to mental health.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMSS 81-9t consists of APA [American Psychiatric Association] Committee on Judicial Action files and Council on Psychiatry and Law files, Virginia Commission for Mental Health Reform files, College Mental Health Study files, Institute of Law, Psychiatry and Public Policy files, and other miscellaneous documents. All complement previous installments of documents.  Researchers are encouraged to read all guides.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The Bonnie papers remain grouped as they were received.","MSS 81-9 contains clippings on the National Commission on Marihuana and Drug Abuse, or Shafer Commission.","MSS 81-9a: contains public service files (almost exclusively relating to drug issues); professional activities (relating mainly to drugs and the insanity defense); University of Virginia, primarily the Law School; general correspondence and related files.","MSS 81-9b contains miscellaneous papers relating to Bonnie's work with a task force organized to study alcohol and drug abuse at the University of Virginia, 1986-1987.","MSS 81-9c includes assorted papers on alcohol and drug law, psychiatry, the Graduate Program for Judges, and the University of Virginia, as well as general correspondence for 1985-1986.","MSS 81-9d comprises files dated 1972 to 1990 dealing with the death penalty -- case files of eight death row inmates (four of whom were represented by Bonnie), and professional papers concerning the issue of mental competency. The case files consist mainly of records and briefs, but also include background material and correspondence.  Most notable are those materials, such as psychiatric evaluations and clinical interviews, which pertain to the issue of mental competency.  Bonnie's professional papers also include  scholarly articles and transcripts of speeches dealing with this topic.  Researchers must have Professor Bonnie's permission for access to the death row case files.","Also of note in these papers are files dealing with Bonnie's 1989 visit to the Soviet Union as a member of a delegation investigating psychiatric abuses in that country.  These files contain the delegation's official report, travel accounts, interviews with Soviet psychiatric patients, and translations of various Soviet laws and regulations.  Researchers whose interest is human rights in the Soviet Union will find these files useful, as they contain primary source material on the role of the Soviet psychiatric profession in suppressing dissent.\n    \nMSS 81-9f concerns the 1990 death penalty appeal of Joe Giarratano, including the clemency petition documents to Governor Douglas M. Wilder, as well as psychiatric evaluations, tests and studies, review of the facts, letters of support for Giarratano, and correspondence with him.  Researchers must have Richard Bonnie's permission for access to the Giarratano files.  This addition also contains some files concerning the 1990 Soviet Psychiatry Project.","MSS 81-9g includes Law School files restricted to researchers having access permission from the Dean's Office, as well as unrestricted files for other Law School and University committees.  In addition are papers of the American Psychiatric Association [APA], the State Human Rights Committee [SHRC], the Virginia Bar Association [VBA], the Virginia Department of Mental Health and Mental Retardation [VDMHMR], and the Marihuana Project. There are other miscellaneous files.","MSS 81-9h contains a large group of documents from the Institute of Medicine (IOM) related to the report on the Nicotine Study regarding the prevention of tobacco use by children and youths.  Additional death row files, including Joe Giarratano's (restricted), and other professional matters are part of this addition.","MSS 81-9i consists of files related to Soviet psychiatry and the 1991 visit of members of the World Psychiatry Association trip to the U.S.S.R.  The remaining boxes concern other professional interests, such as the American Psychiatric Association, the Institute of Medicine's study on nicotine, Medicine in the Public Interest, capital punishment, as well as law school matters.","MSS 81-9j contains professional files related to the Law School, the Institute of Medicine, and Virginia Bar Association files related to criminal law and on the mentally disabled.","MSS 81-9k contains Professor Bonnie's activities report; files on CPDD (College on Problems of Drug Dependence); correspondence, and client files. Also APA Council files, Geneva Initiative on Psychiatry, State Human Rights Study, and other miscellaneous files.","MSS 81-9l contains files on issues concerning the College on Problems of Drug Dependence, the Geneva Initiative on Psychiatry, and the Institute of Medicine that relate to earlier accessions of Bonnie's papers. In addition, there is more recent correspondence with Svetlana Polubinskaya.","MSS 81-9m contains restricted files that will be open in 2040.","MSS 81-9n consists of miscellaneous files related to Soviet Psychiatry and USA v. Russell Eugene Weston, Jr.","MSS 81-9o contains working professional files, mainly of the American Psychiatry Association Council, elder abuse and neglect files, and client files.","MSS 81-9p consists of APA Files, committee files, and some Russian documents pertaining to mental health law and protection for the disabled. The Atkins v. Virginia files pertaining to Prof. Bonnie's work on the special sub-committee of the Virginia State Crime Commission to revise the issues of the Supreme Court Case, and to assemble a Clinical Advisory Group (CAG) to assist the sub-committee in August of 2002.","MSS 81-9q was merged with MSS 81-9r.","MSS 81-9r is divided in two parts.  The first part include files related to Bonnie's work in mental health law internationally and in the United States.  The majority of the files contain documents from the GIP [Geneva Initiative on Psychiatry] work on former Soviet republics and the Network of Reformers in Psychiatry files.  There are miscellaneous professional files, clients' files [restricted], correspondence files, and University of Virginia and Law School files. The second part is entirely related to the Commission on Mental Health Reform in Virginia (2001 - 2010).","MSS 81-9s relates to the work and organization of the Geneva Initiative on Psychiatry (GIP), an international nonprofit organization established in 1980 to eradicate the political abuse of psychiatry, mainly in the Soviet Union and Romania. The collection also includes files on China's Mental Health Reform, the World Psychiatric Association China Mission, some Czech and Serbia files related to mental health, and the Scottish Law Commission. In addition, there are IOM (Institute of Medicine) files regarding Bonnie's work on the Committee on Improving Health, Safety and Well-being of Young Adults, and the Committee on Health Implications of Raising the Minimum Age for Purchasing Tobacco Products, and State of Virginia files related to mental health.","MSS 81-9t consists of APA [American Psychiatric Association] Committee on Judicial Action files and Council on Psychiatry and Law files, Virginia Commission for Mental Health Reform files, College Mental Health Study files, Institute of Law, Psychiatry and Public Policy files, and other miscellaneous documents. All complement previous installments of documents.  Researchers are encouraged to read all guides."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRichard Jeffrey Bonnie, John S. Battle Professor of Law and Director of the Institute of Law, Psychiatry and Public Policy at the University of Virginia, is a recognized authority in the fields of mental health, drug law, and criminal law.  In addition to his roles at the Law School, where he began teaching in 1969, Bonnie has worked for the federal government in various capacities, and as a private consultant.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e     Born in 1945 at Richmond, Virginia, Bonnie received his bachelor of arts degree from Johns Hopkins University in 1966, and his law degree from Virginia three years later. He ranked first in his law school class, served on the editorial board of the Virginia Law Review, and belonged to the Order of the Coif and the Raven Society.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nFollowing graduation, Bonnie taught at the Law School for a year before becoming associate director of the National Commission on Marihuana and Drug Abuse, serving from 1971 to 1973. In March 1972, the commission, under the direction of former Pennsylvania governor Raymond P. Shafer, unanimously recommended the decriminalization of consumption-related marijuana offenses. Although the report was endorsed by organizations such as the National Council of Churches and the National Education Association, it was quickly rejected by President Nixon and drew only a mixed response from state legislatures.  An amendment to the Uniform Controlled Substances Act, drafted partially by Bonnie and incorporating the commission's findings, was approved by the National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws in 1973.\n \n     \"From 1972 through 1977,\" Bonnie writes in the preface to his 1980 book, Marijuana Use and Criminal Sanctions, \"I was actively involved in the effort to win legislative support for reforming the marijuana laws (p. iii).\"  During most of these years he was also teaching at the Law School (having returned in the fall of 1973), but he found time to participate in the marijuana reform movement in several ways. Bonnie was appointed to the National Advisory Council on Drug Abuse (1975-1980), served as a special assistant to the Attorney General of the United States, and helped write President Ford's White Paper on Drug Abuse in 1975.  He testified on marijuana policy before two U.S. Senate subcommittees and 15 state legislative committees, and in 1976-1977 helped the National Governors' Conference develop its study on state marijuana penalties and policies.  In 1977 he visited several European countries for the federal government, in part to explain the Carter administration's endorsement of marijuana decriminalization.\n    \n    Besides Marijuana Use, Bonnie also co-authored \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Marihuana Conviction\u003c/emph\u003e (1974) with Virginia colleague Charles H. Whitebread II, as well as numerous articles on marijuana and drug law for scholarly journals and periodicals, ranging from the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eWashington Post\u003c/emph\u003e to the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eNational Enquirer\u003c/emph\u003e.\n    \n    In the 1980s, Bonnie began to move away from drug law and turn his attention more to the fields of psychiatry, mental health, and criminal law. He was chairman of the State Human Rights Committee (1979-1985), which was responsible for protecting the rights of the mentally ill and intellectually disabled in Virginia's public institutions, and co-authored a casebook on criminal law (1982) with Virginia professors Peter W. Low and John C. Jeffries, Jr.  Bonnie became a noted expert on the insanity defense, a heated issue following the acquittal of John Hinckley, Jr., in 1982, for the attempted assassination of President Ronald Reagan.\n    \nRichard J. Bonnie teaches and writes about criminal law, bioethics, and public policies relating to mental health, substance abuse, and public health. He is Harrison Foundation Professor of Medicine and Law in the School of Law, Professor of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Sciences in the School of Medicine, and Professor of Public Policy in the Frank S. Batten School of Leadership and Public Policy.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nBonnie has been actively involved in public service throughout his academic career. He was an advisor to the White House office on drug policy from 1973-77 and secretary of the first National Advisory Council on Drug Abuse (1975‐80). From 1979‐1985, he was Chairman of Virginia's State Human Rights Committee, which is responsible for protecting the rights of residents and clients of Virginia's public services system for behavioral health and developmental disabilities. He also chaired the Commonwealth's influential Commission on Mental Health Law Reform from 2006-2011, at the request of the Chief Justice of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\n    Bonnie served from 1981‐88 on the Advisory Board for the American Bar Association's Criminal Justice Mental Health Standards Project, from 2004‐2007 on the ABA Task Force on Mental Illness and the Death Penalty, and is currently serving on an ABA Task Force charged with revising the Criminal Justice Mental Health Standards.\n    \nHe has served on three John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation Research Networks – on Mental Health and the Law (1986-1996), Mandated Community Treatment (2000-10), and Law and Neuroscience (since 2006). He has served as an advisor to the American Psychiatric Association's Council on Psychiatry and Law since 1979, and also serves as an advisor to the Committee on Ethics, Law and Humanities of the American Academy of Neurology.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nBonnie was elected to the Institute of Medicine of the National Academy of Sciences in 1991 and has chaired and served on numerous IOM/NRC consensus studies, ranging from elder abuse to underage drinking. He recently chaired landmark studies on tobacco policy, Ending the Tobacco Problem (2007) and juvenile justice, Reforming Juvenile Justice: A Developmental Approach (2013). He has served on governing Boards of both the IOM and NRC, including the IOM Board on Neuroscience and Behavioral Health, the NRC Committee on Law and Justice, and the NRC Board on the Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, and is currently serving on the NRC Board on Cognitive, Behavioral and Sensory Sciences. In 2002 he was awarded the Yarmolinsky Medal for his extraordinary service to the IOM and the National Academies. \n    \nhttps://www.law.virginia.edu/faculty/profile/rjb6f/1146996\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Richard Jeffrey Bonnie, John S. Battle Professor of Law and Director of the Institute of Law, Psychiatry and Public Policy at the University of Virginia, is a recognized authority in the fields of mental health, drug law, and criminal law.  In addition to his roles at the Law School, where he began teaching in 1969, Bonnie has worked for the federal government in various capacities, and as a private consultant.","Born in 1945 at Richmond, Virginia, Bonnie received his bachelor of arts degree from Johns Hopkins University in 1966, and his law degree from Virginia three years later. He ranked first in his law school class, served on the editorial board of the Virginia Law Review, and belonged to the Order of the Coif and the Raven Society.","Following graduation, Bonnie taught at the Law School for a year before becoming associate director of the National Commission on Marihuana and Drug Abuse, serving from 1971 to 1973. In March 1972, the commission, under the direction of former Pennsylvania governor Raymond P. Shafer, unanimously recommended the decriminalization of consumption-related marijuana offenses. Although the report was endorsed by organizations such as the National Council of Churches and the National Education Association, it was quickly rejected by President Nixon and drew only a mixed response from state legislatures.  An amendment to the Uniform Controlled Substances Act, drafted partially by Bonnie and incorporating the commission's findings, was approved by the National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws in 1973.\n \n     \"From 1972 through 1977,\" Bonnie writes in the preface to his 1980 book, Marijuana Use and Criminal Sanctions, \"I was actively involved in the effort to win legislative support for reforming the marijuana laws (p. iii).\"  During most of these years he was also teaching at the Law School (having returned in the fall of 1973), but he found time to participate in the marijuana reform movement in several ways. Bonnie was appointed to the National Advisory Council on Drug Abuse (1975-1980), served as a special assistant to the Attorney General of the United States, and helped write President Ford's White Paper on Drug Abuse in 1975.  He testified on marijuana policy before two U.S. Senate subcommittees and 15 state legislative committees, and in 1976-1977 helped the National Governors' Conference develop its study on state marijuana penalties and policies.  In 1977 he visited several European countries for the federal government, in part to explain the Carter administration's endorsement of marijuana decriminalization.\n    \n    Besides Marijuana Use, Bonnie also co-authored The Marihuana Conviction (1974) with Virginia colleague Charles H. Whitebread II, as well as numerous articles on marijuana and drug law for scholarly journals and periodicals, ranging from the Washington Post to the National Enquirer.\n    \n    In the 1980s, Bonnie began to move away from drug law and turn his attention more to the fields of psychiatry, mental health, and criminal law. He was chairman of the State Human Rights Committee (1979-1985), which was responsible for protecting the rights of the mentally ill and intellectually disabled in Virginia's public institutions, and co-authored a casebook on criminal law (1982) with Virginia professors Peter W. Low and John C. Jeffries, Jr.  Bonnie became a noted expert on the insanity defense, a heated issue following the acquittal of John Hinckley, Jr., in 1982, for the attempted assassination of President Ronald Reagan.\n    \nRichard J. Bonnie teaches and writes about criminal law, bioethics, and public policies relating to mental health, substance abuse, and public health. He is Harrison Foundation Professor of Medicine and Law in the School of Law, Professor of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Sciences in the School of Medicine, and Professor of Public Policy in the Frank S. Batten School of Leadership and Public Policy.","Bonnie has been actively involved in public service throughout his academic career. He was an advisor to the White House office on drug policy from 1973-77 and secretary of the first National Advisory Council on Drug Abuse (1975‐80). From 1979‐1985, he was Chairman of Virginia's State Human Rights Committee, which is responsible for protecting the rights of residents and clients of Virginia's public services system for behavioral health and developmental disabilities. He also chaired the Commonwealth's influential Commission on Mental Health Law Reform from 2006-2011, at the request of the Chief Justice of Virginia.","Bonnie served from 1981‐88 on the Advisory Board for the American Bar Association's Criminal Justice Mental Health Standards Project, from 2004‐2007 on the ABA Task Force on Mental Illness and the Death Penalty, and is currently serving on an ABA Task Force charged with revising the Criminal Justice Mental Health Standards.\n    \nHe has served on three John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation Research Networks – on Mental Health and the Law (1986-1996), Mandated Community Treatment (2000-10), and Law and Neuroscience (since 2006). He has served as an advisor to the American Psychiatric Association's Council on Psychiatry and Law since 1979, and also serves as an advisor to the Committee on Ethics, Law and Humanities of the American Academy of Neurology.","Bonnie was elected to the Institute of Medicine of the National Academy of Sciences in 1991 and has chaired and served on numerous IOM/NRC consensus studies, ranging from elder abuse to underage drinking. He recently chaired landmark studies on tobacco policy, Ending the Tobacco Problem (2007) and juvenile justice, Reforming Juvenile Justice: A Developmental Approach (2013). He has served on governing Boards of both the IOM and NRC, including the IOM Board on Neuroscience and Behavioral Health, the NRC Committee on Law and Justice, and the NRC Board on the Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, and is currently serving on the NRC Board on Cognitive, Behavioral and Sensory Sciences. In 2002 he was awarded the Yarmolinsky Medal for his extraordinary service to the IOM and the National Academies. \n    \nhttps://www.law.virginia.edu/faculty/profile/rjb6f/1146996"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection includes Richard Bonnie's professional, legal, and research papers, covering the years from approximately 1969 through 2016.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis collection includes drug related issues, decriminalization of marijuana and insanity defense; extra teaching activities at the University of Virginia; case files on death row inmates; professional files related to issues of mental competency; visit to the Soviet Union as member of US delegation invited to investigated the political abuse of psychiatry; files from the State [Virginia] Human Rights Commission, American Bar Association, University of Virginia Institute of Law, Psychiatry and Public Policy; Virginia Department of Health and Mental Retardation, State Human Rights Committee, Virginia Bar Association; Institute of Medicine related to the Nicotine Study for prevention of tobacco use by children and youth; Geneva Initiative on Psychiatry; Commission on Mental Health Reform in Virginia; China Mental Health Reform; Scottish Law Commission and files regarding mental health law in the Czech Republic, Georgia and Serbia; College Mental Health Study files are some of the topics researcher can find in these papers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAn extensive general correspondence file contains materials related to his work in the Law School and other activities; correspondence touching on most of his professional and consulting activities typically may be found with related papers in the appropriate series.  There are very few personal papers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe collection should be useful to anyone researching drug law, particularly the debate over the decriminalization of marijuana and the rise in drug usage in the 1970s -- an era of great ferment for the drug issue in the United States.  Clippings, correspondence, legislative testimony, the materials of special interest groups like NORML, and the notes for Bonnie's books convey the thoughts and attitudes that shaped the drug issue during these years.  There is a similar, if not as extensive, collection of materials on the insanity defense from the early 1980s.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection includes Richard Bonnie's professional, legal, and research papers, covering the years from approximately 1969 through 2016.","This collection includes drug related issues, decriminalization of marijuana and insanity defense; extra teaching activities at the University of Virginia; case files on death row inmates; professional files related to issues of mental competency; visit to the Soviet Union as member of US delegation invited to investigated the political abuse of psychiatry; files from the State [Virginia] Human Rights Commission, American Bar Association, University of Virginia Institute of Law, Psychiatry and Public Policy; Virginia Department of Health and Mental Retardation, State Human Rights Committee, Virginia Bar Association; Institute of Medicine related to the Nicotine Study for prevention of tobacco use by children and youth; Geneva Initiative on Psychiatry; Commission on Mental Health Reform in Virginia; China Mental Health Reform; Scottish Law Commission and files regarding mental health law in the Czech Republic, Georgia and Serbia; College Mental Health Study files are some of the topics researcher can find in these papers.","An extensive general correspondence file contains materials related to his work in the Law School and other activities; correspondence touching on most of his professional and consulting activities typically may be found with related papers in the appropriate series.  There are very few personal papers.","The collection should be useful to anyone researching drug law, particularly the debate over the decriminalization of marijuana and the rise in drug usage in the 1970s -- an era of great ferment for the drug issue in the United States.  Clippings, correspondence, legislative testimony, the materials of special interest groups like NORML, and the notes for Bonnie's books convey the thoughts and attitudes that shaped the drug issue during these years.  There is a similar, if not as extensive, collection of materials on the insanity defense from the early 1980s."],"corpname_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","Virginia. Commission on Mental Health Law","Geneva Initiative on Psychiatry","American Psychiatric Association"],"names_coll_ssim":["Virginia. Commission on Mental Health Law","Geneva Initiative on Psychiatry","American Psychiatric Association","Bonnie, Richard J."],"persname_ssim":["Bonnie, Richard J."],"names_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","Virginia. Commission on Mental Health Law","Geneva Initiative on Psychiatry","American Psychiatric Association","Bonnie, Richard J."],"language_ssim":["English\n      Russian"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1137,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:54:31.360Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_4_resources_555_c17"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_4_resources_555_c18","type":"Series","attributes":{"title":"Addendum to the Papers of Richard J. Bonnie [t], 1972/2015","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_4_resources_555_c18#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThese files consist of APA [American Psychiatric Association] Committee on Judicial Action files and Council on Psychiatry and Law files, Virginia Commission for Mental Health Reform files, College Mental Health Study, Institute of Law, Psychiatry and Public Policy, and other miscellaneous documents. All files complement previous installments of documents. Researchers are encourage to read all guides.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_4_resources_555_c18#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viu_repositories_4_resources_555_c18","ref_ssm":["viu_repositories_4_resources_555_c18"],"id":"viu_repositories_4_resources_555_c18","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_4_resources_555","_root_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_555","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_555","parent_ssi":"viu_repositories_4_resources_555","parent_ssim":["Richard J. Bonnie papers, 1913/2016"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viu_repositories_4_resources_555"],"title_filing_ssi":"Addendum to the Papers of Richard J. Bonnie [t]","title_ssm":["Addendum to the Papers of Richard J. Bonnie [t]"],"title_tesim":["Addendum to the Papers of Richard J. Bonnie [t]"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Addendum to the Papers of Richard J. Bonnie [t], 1972/2015"],"text":["Addendum to the Papers of Richard J. Bonnie [t], 1972/2015","Richard J. Bonnie papers, 1913/2016","These files consist of APA [American Psychiatric Association] Committee on Judicial Action files and Council on Psychiatry and Law files, Virginia Commission for Mental Health Reform files, College Mental Health Study, Institute of Law, Psychiatry and Public Policy, and other miscellaneous documents. All files complement previous installments of documents.  Researchers are encourage to read all guides."],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Richard J. Bonnie papers, 1913/2016"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Richard J. Bonnie papers, 1913/2016"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1972/2015"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1972-2015"],"level_ssm":["Series"],"level_ssim":["Series"],"component_level_isim":[1],"sort_isi":1039,"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"collection_ssim":["Richard J. Bonnie papers, 1913/2016"],"extent_ssm":["5 Linear Feet 13 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["5 Linear Feet 13 boxes"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":4,"acqinfo_ssim":["This addition to Professor Richard J. Bonnie's Papers (13 boxes, 5 linear ft.) was given to the Law Library in September of 2016."],"date_range_isim":[1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThese files consist of APA [American Psychiatric Association] Committee on Judicial Action files and Council on Psychiatry and Law files, Virginia Commission for Mental Health Reform files, College Mental Health Study, Institute of Law, Psychiatry and Public Policy, and other miscellaneous documents. All files complement previous installments of documents.  Researchers are encourage to read all guides.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["These files consist of APA [American Psychiatric Association] Committee on Judicial Action files and Council on Psychiatry and Law files, Virginia Commission for Mental Health Reform files, College Mental Health Study, Institute of Law, Psychiatry and Public Policy, and other miscellaneous documents. All files complement previous installments of documents.  Researchers are encourage to read all guides."],"_nest_path_":"/components#17","timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:54:31.360Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_4_resources_555","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_4_resources_555","_root_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_555","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_555","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_4_resources_555.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/136818","title_ssm":["Richard J. Bonnie papers"],"title_tesim":["Richard J. Bonnie papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1913-2016"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1913-2016"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1913/2016"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Richard J. Bonnie papers, 1913/2016"],"text":["Richard J. Bonnie papers, 1913/2016","MSS.81.9","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/555","Competency to stand trial -- United States","Death row -- Virginia","Drug abuse -- United States","Human rights -- United States","Insanity (Law) -- United States","Marijuana -- Law and legislation","Mental health laws -- Virginia","Mental health laws -- United States","Political prisoners -- Soviet Union","Psychiatry -- Soviet Union","University of Virginia. School of Law -- History","clippings (information artifacts)","The Bonnie papers remain grouped as they were received.","MSS 81-9 contains clippings on the National Commission on Marihuana and Drug Abuse, or Shafer Commission.","MSS 81-9a: contains public service files (almost exclusively relating to drug issues); professional activities (relating mainly to drugs and the insanity defense); University of Virginia, primarily the Law School; general correspondence and related files.","MSS 81-9b contains miscellaneous papers relating to Bonnie's work with a task force organized to study alcohol and drug abuse at the University of Virginia, 1986-1987.","MSS 81-9c includes assorted papers on alcohol and drug law, psychiatry, the Graduate Program for Judges, and the University of Virginia, as well as general correspondence for 1985-1986.","MSS 81-9d comprises files dated 1972 to 1990 dealing with the death penalty -- case files of eight death row inmates (four of whom were represented by Bonnie), and professional papers concerning the issue of mental competency. The case files consist mainly of records and briefs, but also include background material and correspondence.  Most notable are those materials, such as psychiatric evaluations and clinical interviews, which pertain to the issue of mental competency.  Bonnie's professional papers also include  scholarly articles and transcripts of speeches dealing with this topic.  Researchers must have Professor Bonnie's permission for access to the death row case files.","Also of note in these papers are files dealing with Bonnie's 1989 visit to the Soviet Union as a member of a delegation investigating psychiatric abuses in that country.  These files contain the delegation's official report, travel accounts, interviews with Soviet psychiatric patients, and translations of various Soviet laws and regulations.  Researchers whose interest is human rights in the Soviet Union will find these files useful, as they contain primary source material on the role of the Soviet psychiatric profession in suppressing dissent.\n    \nMSS 81-9f concerns the 1990 death penalty appeal of Joe Giarratano, including the clemency petition documents to Governor Douglas M. Wilder, as well as psychiatric evaluations, tests and studies, review of the facts, letters of support for Giarratano, and correspondence with him.  Researchers must have Richard Bonnie's permission for access to the Giarratano files.  This addition also contains some files concerning the 1990 Soviet Psychiatry Project.","MSS 81-9g includes Law School files restricted to researchers having access permission from the Dean's Office, as well as unrestricted files for other Law School and University committees.  In addition are papers of the American Psychiatric Association [APA], the State Human Rights Committee [SHRC], the Virginia Bar Association [VBA], the Virginia Department of Mental Health and Mental Retardation [VDMHMR], and the Marihuana Project. There are other miscellaneous files.","MSS 81-9h contains a large group of documents from the Institute of Medicine (IOM) related to the report on the Nicotine Study regarding the prevention of tobacco use by children and youths.  Additional death row files, including Joe Giarratano's (restricted), and other professional matters are part of this addition.","MSS 81-9i consists of files related to Soviet psychiatry and the 1991 visit of members of the World Psychiatry Association trip to the U.S.S.R.  The remaining boxes concern other professional interests, such as the American Psychiatric Association, the Institute of Medicine's study on nicotine, Medicine in the Public Interest, capital punishment, as well as law school matters.","MSS 81-9j contains professional files related to the Law School, the Institute of Medicine, and Virginia Bar Association files related to criminal law and on the mentally disabled.","MSS 81-9k contains Professor Bonnie's activities report; files on CPDD (College on Problems of Drug Dependence); correspondence, and client files. Also APA Council files, Geneva Initiative on Psychiatry, State Human Rights Study, and other miscellaneous files.","MSS 81-9l contains files on issues concerning the College on Problems of Drug Dependence, the Geneva Initiative on Psychiatry, and the Institute of Medicine that relate to earlier accessions of Bonnie's papers. In addition, there is more recent correspondence with Svetlana Polubinskaya.","MSS 81-9m contains restricted files that will be open in 2040.","MSS 81-9n consists of miscellaneous files related to Soviet Psychiatry and USA v. Russell Eugene Weston, Jr.","MSS 81-9o contains working professional files, mainly of the American Psychiatry Association Council, elder abuse and neglect files, and client files.","MSS 81-9p consists of APA Files, committee files, and some Russian documents pertaining to mental health law and protection for the disabled. The Atkins v. Virginia files pertaining to Prof. Bonnie's work on the special sub-committee of the Virginia State Crime Commission to revise the issues of the Supreme Court Case, and to assemble a Clinical Advisory Group (CAG) to assist the sub-committee in August of 2002.","MSS 81-9q was merged with MSS 81-9r.","MSS 81-9r is divided in two parts.  The first part include files related to Bonnie's work in mental health law internationally and in the United States.  The majority of the files contain documents from the GIP [Geneva Initiative on Psychiatry] work on former Soviet republics and the Network of Reformers in Psychiatry files.  There are miscellaneous professional files, clients' files [restricted], correspondence files, and University of Virginia and Law School files. The second part is entirely related to the Commission on Mental Health Reform in Virginia (2001 - 2010).","MSS 81-9s relates to the work and organization of the Geneva Initiative on Psychiatry (GIP), an international nonprofit organization established in 1980 to eradicate the political abuse of psychiatry, mainly in the Soviet Union and Romania. The collection also includes files on China's Mental Health Reform, the World Psychiatric Association China Mission, some Czech and Serbia files related to mental health, and the Scottish Law Commission. In addition, there are IOM (Institute of Medicine) files regarding Bonnie's work on the Committee on Improving Health, Safety and Well-being of Young Adults, and the Committee on Health Implications of Raising the Minimum Age for Purchasing Tobacco Products, and State of Virginia files related to mental health.","MSS 81-9t consists of APA [American Psychiatric Association] Committee on Judicial Action files and Council on Psychiatry and Law files, Virginia Commission for Mental Health Reform files, College Mental Health Study files, Institute of Law, Psychiatry and Public Policy files, and other miscellaneous documents. All complement previous installments of documents.  Researchers are encouraged to read all guides.","Richard Jeffrey Bonnie, John S. Battle Professor of Law and Director of the Institute of Law, Psychiatry and Public Policy at the University of Virginia, is a recognized authority in the fields of mental health, drug law, and criminal law.  In addition to his roles at the Law School, where he began teaching in 1969, Bonnie has worked for the federal government in various capacities, and as a private consultant.","Born in 1945 at Richmond, Virginia, Bonnie received his bachelor of arts degree from Johns Hopkins University in 1966, and his law degree from Virginia three years later. He ranked first in his law school class, served on the editorial board of the Virginia Law Review, and belonged to the Order of the Coif and the Raven Society.","Following graduation, Bonnie taught at the Law School for a year before becoming associate director of the National Commission on Marihuana and Drug Abuse, serving from 1971 to 1973. In March 1972, the commission, under the direction of former Pennsylvania governor Raymond P. Shafer, unanimously recommended the decriminalization of consumption-related marijuana offenses. Although the report was endorsed by organizations such as the National Council of Churches and the National Education Association, it was quickly rejected by President Nixon and drew only a mixed response from state legislatures.  An amendment to the Uniform Controlled Substances Act, drafted partially by Bonnie and incorporating the commission's findings, was approved by the National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws in 1973.\n \n     \"From 1972 through 1977,\" Bonnie writes in the preface to his 1980 book, Marijuana Use and Criminal Sanctions, \"I was actively involved in the effort to win legislative support for reforming the marijuana laws (p. iii).\"  During most of these years he was also teaching at the Law School (having returned in the fall of 1973), but he found time to participate in the marijuana reform movement in several ways. Bonnie was appointed to the National Advisory Council on Drug Abuse (1975-1980), served as a special assistant to the Attorney General of the United States, and helped write President Ford's White Paper on Drug Abuse in 1975.  He testified on marijuana policy before two U.S. Senate subcommittees and 15 state legislative committees, and in 1976-1977 helped the National Governors' Conference develop its study on state marijuana penalties and policies.  In 1977 he visited several European countries for the federal government, in part to explain the Carter administration's endorsement of marijuana decriminalization.\n    \n    Besides Marijuana Use, Bonnie also co-authored The Marihuana Conviction (1974) with Virginia colleague Charles H. Whitebread II, as well as numerous articles on marijuana and drug law for scholarly journals and periodicals, ranging from the Washington Post to the National Enquirer.\n    \n    In the 1980s, Bonnie began to move away from drug law and turn his attention more to the fields of psychiatry, mental health, and criminal law. He was chairman of the State Human Rights Committee (1979-1985), which was responsible for protecting the rights of the mentally ill and intellectually disabled in Virginia's public institutions, and co-authored a casebook on criminal law (1982) with Virginia professors Peter W. Low and John C. Jeffries, Jr.  Bonnie became a noted expert on the insanity defense, a heated issue following the acquittal of John Hinckley, Jr., in 1982, for the attempted assassination of President Ronald Reagan.\n    \nRichard J. Bonnie teaches and writes about criminal law, bioethics, and public policies relating to mental health, substance abuse, and public health. He is Harrison Foundation Professor of Medicine and Law in the School of Law, Professor of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Sciences in the School of Medicine, and Professor of Public Policy in the Frank S. Batten School of Leadership and Public Policy.","Bonnie has been actively involved in public service throughout his academic career. He was an advisor to the White House office on drug policy from 1973-77 and secretary of the first National Advisory Council on Drug Abuse (1975‐80). From 1979‐1985, he was Chairman of Virginia's State Human Rights Committee, which is responsible for protecting the rights of residents and clients of Virginia's public services system for behavioral health and developmental disabilities. He also chaired the Commonwealth's influential Commission on Mental Health Law Reform from 2006-2011, at the request of the Chief Justice of Virginia.","Bonnie served from 1981‐88 on the Advisory Board for the American Bar Association's Criminal Justice Mental Health Standards Project, from 2004‐2007 on the ABA Task Force on Mental Illness and the Death Penalty, and is currently serving on an ABA Task Force charged with revising the Criminal Justice Mental Health Standards.\n    \nHe has served on three John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation Research Networks – on Mental Health and the Law (1986-1996), Mandated Community Treatment (2000-10), and Law and Neuroscience (since 2006). He has served as an advisor to the American Psychiatric Association's Council on Psychiatry and Law since 1979, and also serves as an advisor to the Committee on Ethics, Law and Humanities of the American Academy of Neurology.","Bonnie was elected to the Institute of Medicine of the National Academy of Sciences in 1991 and has chaired and served on numerous IOM/NRC consensus studies, ranging from elder abuse to underage drinking. He recently chaired landmark studies on tobacco policy, Ending the Tobacco Problem (2007) and juvenile justice, Reforming Juvenile Justice: A Developmental Approach (2013). He has served on governing Boards of both the IOM and NRC, including the IOM Board on Neuroscience and Behavioral Health, the NRC Committee on Law and Justice, and the NRC Board on the Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, and is currently serving on the NRC Board on Cognitive, Behavioral and Sensory Sciences. In 2002 he was awarded the Yarmolinsky Medal for his extraordinary service to the IOM and the National Academies. \n    \nhttps://www.law.virginia.edu/faculty/profile/rjb6f/1146996","This collection includes Richard Bonnie's professional, legal, and research papers, covering the years from approximately 1969 through 2016.","This collection includes drug related issues, decriminalization of marijuana and insanity defense; extra teaching activities at the University of Virginia; case files on death row inmates; professional files related to issues of mental competency; visit to the Soviet Union as member of US delegation invited to investigated the political abuse of psychiatry; files from the State [Virginia] Human Rights Commission, American Bar Association, University of Virginia Institute of Law, Psychiatry and Public Policy; Virginia Department of Health and Mental Retardation, State Human Rights Committee, Virginia Bar Association; Institute of Medicine related to the Nicotine Study for prevention of tobacco use by children and youth; Geneva Initiative on Psychiatry; Commission on Mental Health Reform in Virginia; China Mental Health Reform; Scottish Law Commission and files regarding mental health law in the Czech Republic, Georgia and Serbia; College Mental Health Study files are some of the topics researcher can find in these papers.","An extensive general correspondence file contains materials related to his work in the Law School and other activities; correspondence touching on most of his professional and consulting activities typically may be found with related papers in the appropriate series.  There are very few personal papers.","The collection should be useful to anyone researching drug law, particularly the debate over the decriminalization of marijuana and the rise in drug usage in the 1970s -- an era of great ferment for the drug issue in the United States.  Clippings, correspondence, legislative testimony, the materials of special interest groups like NORML, and the notes for Bonnie's books convey the thoughts and attitudes that shaped the drug issue during these years.  There is a similar, if not as extensive, collection of materials on the insanity defense from the early 1980s.","Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","Virginia. Commission on Mental Health Law","Geneva Initiative on Psychiatry","American Psychiatric Association","Bonnie, Richard J.","English\n      Russian"],"collection_title_tesim":["Richard J. Bonnie papers, 1913/2016"],"collection_ssim":["Richard J. Bonnie papers, 1913/2016"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS.81.9","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/555"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS.81.9","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/555"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_ssm":["Bonnie, Richard J."],"creator_ssim":["Bonnie, Richard J."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Bonnie, Richard J."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","Virginia. Commission on Mental Health Law","Geneva Initiative on Psychiatry","American Psychiatric Association"],"creators_ssim":["Bonnie, Richard J.","Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","Virginia. Commission on Mental Health Law","Geneva Initiative on Psychiatry","American Psychiatric Association"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Professor Bonnie has donated his papers to the Arthur J. Morris Library in 1981, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1990, 1991, 1994, 1995, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2008, 2011, 2015, 2016."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Competency to stand trial -- United States","Death row -- Virginia","Drug abuse -- United States","Human rights -- United States","Insanity (Law) -- United States","Marijuana -- Law and legislation","Mental health laws -- Virginia","Mental health laws -- United States","Political prisoners -- Soviet Union","Psychiatry -- Soviet Union","University of Virginia. School of Law -- History","clippings (information artifacts)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Competency to stand trial -- United States","Death row -- Virginia","Drug abuse -- United States","Human rights -- United States","Insanity (Law) -- United States","Marijuana -- Law and legislation","Mental health laws -- Virginia","Mental health laws -- United States","Political prisoners -- Soviet Union","Psychiatry -- Soviet Union","University of Virginia. School of Law -- History","clippings (information artifacts)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["98 Linear Feet 196 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["98 Linear Feet 196 boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["clippings (information artifacts)"],"date_range_isim":[1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Bonnie papers remain grouped as they were received.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMSS 81-9 contains clippings on the National Commission on Marihuana and Drug Abuse, or Shafer Commission.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMSS 81-9a: contains public service files (almost exclusively relating to drug issues); professional activities (relating mainly to drugs and the insanity defense); University of Virginia, primarily the Law School; general correspondence and related files. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMSS 81-9b contains miscellaneous papers relating to Bonnie's work with a task force organized to study alcohol and drug abuse at the University of Virginia, 1986-1987.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMSS 81-9c includes assorted papers on alcohol and drug law, psychiatry, the Graduate Program for Judges, and the University of Virginia, as well as general correspondence for 1985-1986.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMSS 81-9d comprises files dated 1972 to 1990 dealing with the death penalty -- case files of eight death row inmates (four of whom were represented by Bonnie), and professional papers concerning the issue of mental competency. The case files consist mainly of records and briefs, but also include background material and correspondence.  Most notable are those materials, such as psychiatric evaluations and clinical interviews, which pertain to the issue of mental competency.  Bonnie's professional papers also include  scholarly articles and transcripts of speeches dealing with this topic.  Researchers must have Professor Bonnie's permission for access to the death row case files.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nAlso of note in these papers are files dealing with Bonnie's 1989 visit to the Soviet Union as a member of a delegation investigating psychiatric abuses in that country.  These files contain the delegation's official report, travel accounts, interviews with Soviet psychiatric patients, and translations of various Soviet laws and regulations.  Researchers whose interest is human rights in the Soviet Union will find these files useful, as they contain primary source material on the role of the Soviet psychiatric profession in suppressing dissent.\n    \nMSS 81-9f concerns the 1990 death penalty appeal of Joe Giarratano, including the clemency petition documents to Governor Douglas M. Wilder, as well as psychiatric evaluations, tests and studies, review of the facts, letters of support for Giarratano, and correspondence with him.  Researchers must have Richard Bonnie's permission for access to the Giarratano files.  This addition also contains some files concerning the 1990 Soviet Psychiatry Project.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMSS 81-9g includes Law School files restricted to researchers having access permission from the Dean's Office, as well as unrestricted files for other Law School and University committees.  In addition are papers of the American Psychiatric Association [APA], the State Human Rights Committee [SHRC], the Virginia Bar Association [VBA], the Virginia Department of Mental Health and Mental Retardation [VDMHMR], and the Marihuana Project. There are other miscellaneous files.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMSS 81-9h contains a large group of documents from the Institute of Medicine (IOM) related to the report on the Nicotine Study regarding the prevention of tobacco use by children and youths.  Additional death row files, including Joe Giarratano's (restricted), and other professional matters are part of this addition.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMSS 81-9i consists of files related to Soviet psychiatry and the 1991 visit of members of the World Psychiatry Association trip to the U.S.S.R.  The remaining boxes concern other professional interests, such as the American Psychiatric Association, the Institute of Medicine's study on nicotine, Medicine in the Public Interest, capital punishment, as well as law school matters.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMSS 81-9j contains professional files related to the Law School, the Institute of Medicine, and Virginia Bar Association files related to criminal law and on the mentally disabled.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMSS 81-9k contains Professor Bonnie's activities report; files on CPDD (College on Problems of Drug Dependence); correspondence, and client files. Also APA Council files, Geneva Initiative on Psychiatry, State Human Rights Study, and other miscellaneous files.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMSS 81-9l contains files on issues concerning the College on Problems of Drug Dependence, the Geneva Initiative on Psychiatry, and the Institute of Medicine that relate to earlier accessions of Bonnie's papers. In addition, there is more recent correspondence with Svetlana Polubinskaya.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMSS 81-9m contains restricted files that will be open in 2040.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMSS 81-9n consists of miscellaneous files related to Soviet Psychiatry and USA v. Russell Eugene Weston, Jr.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMSS 81-9o contains working professional files, mainly of the American Psychiatry Association Council, elder abuse and neglect files, and client files.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMSS 81-9p consists of APA Files, committee files, and some Russian documents pertaining to mental health law and protection for the disabled. The Atkins v. Virginia files pertaining to Prof. Bonnie's work on the special sub-committee of the Virginia State Crime Commission to revise the issues of the Supreme Court Case, and to assemble a Clinical Advisory Group (CAG) to assist the sub-committee in August of 2002.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMSS 81-9q was merged with MSS 81-9r.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMSS 81-9r is divided in two parts.  The first part include files related to Bonnie's work in mental health law internationally and in the United States.  The majority of the files contain documents from the GIP [Geneva Initiative on Psychiatry] work on former Soviet republics and the Network of Reformers in Psychiatry files.  There are miscellaneous professional files, clients' files [restricted], correspondence files, and University of Virginia and Law School files. The second part is entirely related to the Commission on Mental Health Reform in Virginia (2001 - 2010).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMSS 81-9s relates to the work and organization of the Geneva Initiative on Psychiatry (GIP), an international nonprofit organization established in 1980 to eradicate the political abuse of psychiatry, mainly in the Soviet Union and Romania. The collection also includes files on China's Mental Health Reform, the World Psychiatric Association China Mission, some Czech and Serbia files related to mental health, and the Scottish Law Commission. In addition, there are IOM (Institute of Medicine) files regarding Bonnie's work on the Committee on Improving Health, Safety and Well-being of Young Adults, and the Committee on Health Implications of Raising the Minimum Age for Purchasing Tobacco Products, and State of Virginia files related to mental health.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMSS 81-9t consists of APA [American Psychiatric Association] Committee on Judicial Action files and Council on Psychiatry and Law files, Virginia Commission for Mental Health Reform files, College Mental Health Study files, Institute of Law, Psychiatry and Public Policy files, and other miscellaneous documents. All complement previous installments of documents.  Researchers are encouraged to read all guides.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The Bonnie papers remain grouped as they were received.","MSS 81-9 contains clippings on the National Commission on Marihuana and Drug Abuse, or Shafer Commission.","MSS 81-9a: contains public service files (almost exclusively relating to drug issues); professional activities (relating mainly to drugs and the insanity defense); University of Virginia, primarily the Law School; general correspondence and related files.","MSS 81-9b contains miscellaneous papers relating to Bonnie's work with a task force organized to study alcohol and drug abuse at the University of Virginia, 1986-1987.","MSS 81-9c includes assorted papers on alcohol and drug law, psychiatry, the Graduate Program for Judges, and the University of Virginia, as well as general correspondence for 1985-1986.","MSS 81-9d comprises files dated 1972 to 1990 dealing with the death penalty -- case files of eight death row inmates (four of whom were represented by Bonnie), and professional papers concerning the issue of mental competency. The case files consist mainly of records and briefs, but also include background material and correspondence.  Most notable are those materials, such as psychiatric evaluations and clinical interviews, which pertain to the issue of mental competency.  Bonnie's professional papers also include  scholarly articles and transcripts of speeches dealing with this topic.  Researchers must have Professor Bonnie's permission for access to the death row case files.","Also of note in these papers are files dealing with Bonnie's 1989 visit to the Soviet Union as a member of a delegation investigating psychiatric abuses in that country.  These files contain the delegation's official report, travel accounts, interviews with Soviet psychiatric patients, and translations of various Soviet laws and regulations.  Researchers whose interest is human rights in the Soviet Union will find these files useful, as they contain primary source material on the role of the Soviet psychiatric profession in suppressing dissent.\n    \nMSS 81-9f concerns the 1990 death penalty appeal of Joe Giarratano, including the clemency petition documents to Governor Douglas M. Wilder, as well as psychiatric evaluations, tests and studies, review of the facts, letters of support for Giarratano, and correspondence with him.  Researchers must have Richard Bonnie's permission for access to the Giarratano files.  This addition also contains some files concerning the 1990 Soviet Psychiatry Project.","MSS 81-9g includes Law School files restricted to researchers having access permission from the Dean's Office, as well as unrestricted files for other Law School and University committees.  In addition are papers of the American Psychiatric Association [APA], the State Human Rights Committee [SHRC], the Virginia Bar Association [VBA], the Virginia Department of Mental Health and Mental Retardation [VDMHMR], and the Marihuana Project. There are other miscellaneous files.","MSS 81-9h contains a large group of documents from the Institute of Medicine (IOM) related to the report on the Nicotine Study regarding the prevention of tobacco use by children and youths.  Additional death row files, including Joe Giarratano's (restricted), and other professional matters are part of this addition.","MSS 81-9i consists of files related to Soviet psychiatry and the 1991 visit of members of the World Psychiatry Association trip to the U.S.S.R.  The remaining boxes concern other professional interests, such as the American Psychiatric Association, the Institute of Medicine's study on nicotine, Medicine in the Public Interest, capital punishment, as well as law school matters.","MSS 81-9j contains professional files related to the Law School, the Institute of Medicine, and Virginia Bar Association files related to criminal law and on the mentally disabled.","MSS 81-9k contains Professor Bonnie's activities report; files on CPDD (College on Problems of Drug Dependence); correspondence, and client files. Also APA Council files, Geneva Initiative on Psychiatry, State Human Rights Study, and other miscellaneous files.","MSS 81-9l contains files on issues concerning the College on Problems of Drug Dependence, the Geneva Initiative on Psychiatry, and the Institute of Medicine that relate to earlier accessions of Bonnie's papers. In addition, there is more recent correspondence with Svetlana Polubinskaya.","MSS 81-9m contains restricted files that will be open in 2040.","MSS 81-9n consists of miscellaneous files related to Soviet Psychiatry and USA v. Russell Eugene Weston, Jr.","MSS 81-9o contains working professional files, mainly of the American Psychiatry Association Council, elder abuse and neglect files, and client files.","MSS 81-9p consists of APA Files, committee files, and some Russian documents pertaining to mental health law and protection for the disabled. The Atkins v. Virginia files pertaining to Prof. Bonnie's work on the special sub-committee of the Virginia State Crime Commission to revise the issues of the Supreme Court Case, and to assemble a Clinical Advisory Group (CAG) to assist the sub-committee in August of 2002.","MSS 81-9q was merged with MSS 81-9r.","MSS 81-9r is divided in two parts.  The first part include files related to Bonnie's work in mental health law internationally and in the United States.  The majority of the files contain documents from the GIP [Geneva Initiative on Psychiatry] work on former Soviet republics and the Network of Reformers in Psychiatry files.  There are miscellaneous professional files, clients' files [restricted], correspondence files, and University of Virginia and Law School files. The second part is entirely related to the Commission on Mental Health Reform in Virginia (2001 - 2010).","MSS 81-9s relates to the work and organization of the Geneva Initiative on Psychiatry (GIP), an international nonprofit organization established in 1980 to eradicate the political abuse of psychiatry, mainly in the Soviet Union and Romania. The collection also includes files on China's Mental Health Reform, the World Psychiatric Association China Mission, some Czech and Serbia files related to mental health, and the Scottish Law Commission. In addition, there are IOM (Institute of Medicine) files regarding Bonnie's work on the Committee on Improving Health, Safety and Well-being of Young Adults, and the Committee on Health Implications of Raising the Minimum Age for Purchasing Tobacco Products, and State of Virginia files related to mental health.","MSS 81-9t consists of APA [American Psychiatric Association] Committee on Judicial Action files and Council on Psychiatry and Law files, Virginia Commission for Mental Health Reform files, College Mental Health Study files, Institute of Law, Psychiatry and Public Policy files, and other miscellaneous documents. All complement previous installments of documents.  Researchers are encouraged to read all guides."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRichard Jeffrey Bonnie, John S. Battle Professor of Law and Director of the Institute of Law, Psychiatry and Public Policy at the University of Virginia, is a recognized authority in the fields of mental health, drug law, and criminal law.  In addition to his roles at the Law School, where he began teaching in 1969, Bonnie has worked for the federal government in various capacities, and as a private consultant.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e     Born in 1945 at Richmond, Virginia, Bonnie received his bachelor of arts degree from Johns Hopkins University in 1966, and his law degree from Virginia three years later. He ranked first in his law school class, served on the editorial board of the Virginia Law Review, and belonged to the Order of the Coif and the Raven Society.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nFollowing graduation, Bonnie taught at the Law School for a year before becoming associate director of the National Commission on Marihuana and Drug Abuse, serving from 1971 to 1973. In March 1972, the commission, under the direction of former Pennsylvania governor Raymond P. Shafer, unanimously recommended the decriminalization of consumption-related marijuana offenses. Although the report was endorsed by organizations such as the National Council of Churches and the National Education Association, it was quickly rejected by President Nixon and drew only a mixed response from state legislatures.  An amendment to the Uniform Controlled Substances Act, drafted partially by Bonnie and incorporating the commission's findings, was approved by the National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws in 1973.\n \n     \"From 1972 through 1977,\" Bonnie writes in the preface to his 1980 book, Marijuana Use and Criminal Sanctions, \"I was actively involved in the effort to win legislative support for reforming the marijuana laws (p. iii).\"  During most of these years he was also teaching at the Law School (having returned in the fall of 1973), but he found time to participate in the marijuana reform movement in several ways. Bonnie was appointed to the National Advisory Council on Drug Abuse (1975-1980), served as a special assistant to the Attorney General of the United States, and helped write President Ford's White Paper on Drug Abuse in 1975.  He testified on marijuana policy before two U.S. Senate subcommittees and 15 state legislative committees, and in 1976-1977 helped the National Governors' Conference develop its study on state marijuana penalties and policies.  In 1977 he visited several European countries for the federal government, in part to explain the Carter administration's endorsement of marijuana decriminalization.\n    \n    Besides Marijuana Use, Bonnie also co-authored \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Marihuana Conviction\u003c/emph\u003e (1974) with Virginia colleague Charles H. Whitebread II, as well as numerous articles on marijuana and drug law for scholarly journals and periodicals, ranging from the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eWashington Post\u003c/emph\u003e to the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eNational Enquirer\u003c/emph\u003e.\n    \n    In the 1980s, Bonnie began to move away from drug law and turn his attention more to the fields of psychiatry, mental health, and criminal law. He was chairman of the State Human Rights Committee (1979-1985), which was responsible for protecting the rights of the mentally ill and intellectually disabled in Virginia's public institutions, and co-authored a casebook on criminal law (1982) with Virginia professors Peter W. Low and John C. Jeffries, Jr.  Bonnie became a noted expert on the insanity defense, a heated issue following the acquittal of John Hinckley, Jr., in 1982, for the attempted assassination of President Ronald Reagan.\n    \nRichard J. Bonnie teaches and writes about criminal law, bioethics, and public policies relating to mental health, substance abuse, and public health. He is Harrison Foundation Professor of Medicine and Law in the School of Law, Professor of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Sciences in the School of Medicine, and Professor of Public Policy in the Frank S. Batten School of Leadership and Public Policy.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nBonnie has been actively involved in public service throughout his academic career. He was an advisor to the White House office on drug policy from 1973-77 and secretary of the first National Advisory Council on Drug Abuse (1975‐80). From 1979‐1985, he was Chairman of Virginia's State Human Rights Committee, which is responsible for protecting the rights of residents and clients of Virginia's public services system for behavioral health and developmental disabilities. He also chaired the Commonwealth's influential Commission on Mental Health Law Reform from 2006-2011, at the request of the Chief Justice of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\n    Bonnie served from 1981‐88 on the Advisory Board for the American Bar Association's Criminal Justice Mental Health Standards Project, from 2004‐2007 on the ABA Task Force on Mental Illness and the Death Penalty, and is currently serving on an ABA Task Force charged with revising the Criminal Justice Mental Health Standards.\n    \nHe has served on three John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation Research Networks – on Mental Health and the Law (1986-1996), Mandated Community Treatment (2000-10), and Law and Neuroscience (since 2006). He has served as an advisor to the American Psychiatric Association's Council on Psychiatry and Law since 1979, and also serves as an advisor to the Committee on Ethics, Law and Humanities of the American Academy of Neurology.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nBonnie was elected to the Institute of Medicine of the National Academy of Sciences in 1991 and has chaired and served on numerous IOM/NRC consensus studies, ranging from elder abuse to underage drinking. He recently chaired landmark studies on tobacco policy, Ending the Tobacco Problem (2007) and juvenile justice, Reforming Juvenile Justice: A Developmental Approach (2013). He has served on governing Boards of both the IOM and NRC, including the IOM Board on Neuroscience and Behavioral Health, the NRC Committee on Law and Justice, and the NRC Board on the Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, and is currently serving on the NRC Board on Cognitive, Behavioral and Sensory Sciences. In 2002 he was awarded the Yarmolinsky Medal for his extraordinary service to the IOM and the National Academies. \n    \nhttps://www.law.virginia.edu/faculty/profile/rjb6f/1146996\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Richard Jeffrey Bonnie, John S. Battle Professor of Law and Director of the Institute of Law, Psychiatry and Public Policy at the University of Virginia, is a recognized authority in the fields of mental health, drug law, and criminal law.  In addition to his roles at the Law School, where he began teaching in 1969, Bonnie has worked for the federal government in various capacities, and as a private consultant.","Born in 1945 at Richmond, Virginia, Bonnie received his bachelor of arts degree from Johns Hopkins University in 1966, and his law degree from Virginia three years later. He ranked first in his law school class, served on the editorial board of the Virginia Law Review, and belonged to the Order of the Coif and the Raven Society.","Following graduation, Bonnie taught at the Law School for a year before becoming associate director of the National Commission on Marihuana and Drug Abuse, serving from 1971 to 1973. In March 1972, the commission, under the direction of former Pennsylvania governor Raymond P. Shafer, unanimously recommended the decriminalization of consumption-related marijuana offenses. Although the report was endorsed by organizations such as the National Council of Churches and the National Education Association, it was quickly rejected by President Nixon and drew only a mixed response from state legislatures.  An amendment to the Uniform Controlled Substances Act, drafted partially by Bonnie and incorporating the commission's findings, was approved by the National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws in 1973.\n \n     \"From 1972 through 1977,\" Bonnie writes in the preface to his 1980 book, Marijuana Use and Criminal Sanctions, \"I was actively involved in the effort to win legislative support for reforming the marijuana laws (p. iii).\"  During most of these years he was also teaching at the Law School (having returned in the fall of 1973), but he found time to participate in the marijuana reform movement in several ways. Bonnie was appointed to the National Advisory Council on Drug Abuse (1975-1980), served as a special assistant to the Attorney General of the United States, and helped write President Ford's White Paper on Drug Abuse in 1975.  He testified on marijuana policy before two U.S. Senate subcommittees and 15 state legislative committees, and in 1976-1977 helped the National Governors' Conference develop its study on state marijuana penalties and policies.  In 1977 he visited several European countries for the federal government, in part to explain the Carter administration's endorsement of marijuana decriminalization.\n    \n    Besides Marijuana Use, Bonnie also co-authored The Marihuana Conviction (1974) with Virginia colleague Charles H. Whitebread II, as well as numerous articles on marijuana and drug law for scholarly journals and periodicals, ranging from the Washington Post to the National Enquirer.\n    \n    In the 1980s, Bonnie began to move away from drug law and turn his attention more to the fields of psychiatry, mental health, and criminal law. He was chairman of the State Human Rights Committee (1979-1985), which was responsible for protecting the rights of the mentally ill and intellectually disabled in Virginia's public institutions, and co-authored a casebook on criminal law (1982) with Virginia professors Peter W. Low and John C. Jeffries, Jr.  Bonnie became a noted expert on the insanity defense, a heated issue following the acquittal of John Hinckley, Jr., in 1982, for the attempted assassination of President Ronald Reagan.\n    \nRichard J. Bonnie teaches and writes about criminal law, bioethics, and public policies relating to mental health, substance abuse, and public health. He is Harrison Foundation Professor of Medicine and Law in the School of Law, Professor of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Sciences in the School of Medicine, and Professor of Public Policy in the Frank S. Batten School of Leadership and Public Policy.","Bonnie has been actively involved in public service throughout his academic career. He was an advisor to the White House office on drug policy from 1973-77 and secretary of the first National Advisory Council on Drug Abuse (1975‐80). From 1979‐1985, he was Chairman of Virginia's State Human Rights Committee, which is responsible for protecting the rights of residents and clients of Virginia's public services system for behavioral health and developmental disabilities. He also chaired the Commonwealth's influential Commission on Mental Health Law Reform from 2006-2011, at the request of the Chief Justice of Virginia.","Bonnie served from 1981‐88 on the Advisory Board for the American Bar Association's Criminal Justice Mental Health Standards Project, from 2004‐2007 on the ABA Task Force on Mental Illness and the Death Penalty, and is currently serving on an ABA Task Force charged with revising the Criminal Justice Mental Health Standards.\n    \nHe has served on three John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation Research Networks – on Mental Health and the Law (1986-1996), Mandated Community Treatment (2000-10), and Law and Neuroscience (since 2006). He has served as an advisor to the American Psychiatric Association's Council on Psychiatry and Law since 1979, and also serves as an advisor to the Committee on Ethics, Law and Humanities of the American Academy of Neurology.","Bonnie was elected to the Institute of Medicine of the National Academy of Sciences in 1991 and has chaired and served on numerous IOM/NRC consensus studies, ranging from elder abuse to underage drinking. He recently chaired landmark studies on tobacco policy, Ending the Tobacco Problem (2007) and juvenile justice, Reforming Juvenile Justice: A Developmental Approach (2013). He has served on governing Boards of both the IOM and NRC, including the IOM Board on Neuroscience and Behavioral Health, the NRC Committee on Law and Justice, and the NRC Board on the Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, and is currently serving on the NRC Board on Cognitive, Behavioral and Sensory Sciences. In 2002 he was awarded the Yarmolinsky Medal for his extraordinary service to the IOM and the National Academies. \n    \nhttps://www.law.virginia.edu/faculty/profile/rjb6f/1146996"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection includes Richard Bonnie's professional, legal, and research papers, covering the years from approximately 1969 through 2016.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis collection includes drug related issues, decriminalization of marijuana and insanity defense; extra teaching activities at the University of Virginia; case files on death row inmates; professional files related to issues of mental competency; visit to the Soviet Union as member of US delegation invited to investigated the political abuse of psychiatry; files from the State [Virginia] Human Rights Commission, American Bar Association, University of Virginia Institute of Law, Psychiatry and Public Policy; Virginia Department of Health and Mental Retardation, State Human Rights Committee, Virginia Bar Association; Institute of Medicine related to the Nicotine Study for prevention of tobacco use by children and youth; Geneva Initiative on Psychiatry; Commission on Mental Health Reform in Virginia; China Mental Health Reform; Scottish Law Commission and files regarding mental health law in the Czech Republic, Georgia and Serbia; College Mental Health Study files are some of the topics researcher can find in these papers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAn extensive general correspondence file contains materials related to his work in the Law School and other activities; correspondence touching on most of his professional and consulting activities typically may be found with related papers in the appropriate series.  There are very few personal papers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe collection should be useful to anyone researching drug law, particularly the debate over the decriminalization of marijuana and the rise in drug usage in the 1970s -- an era of great ferment for the drug issue in the United States.  Clippings, correspondence, legislative testimony, the materials of special interest groups like NORML, and the notes for Bonnie's books convey the thoughts and attitudes that shaped the drug issue during these years.  There is a similar, if not as extensive, collection of materials on the insanity defense from the early 1980s.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection includes Richard Bonnie's professional, legal, and research papers, covering the years from approximately 1969 through 2016.","This collection includes drug related issues, decriminalization of marijuana and insanity defense; extra teaching activities at the University of Virginia; case files on death row inmates; professional files related to issues of mental competency; visit to the Soviet Union as member of US delegation invited to investigated the political abuse of psychiatry; files from the State [Virginia] Human Rights Commission, American Bar Association, University of Virginia Institute of Law, Psychiatry and Public Policy; Virginia Department of Health and Mental Retardation, State Human Rights Committee, Virginia Bar Association; Institute of Medicine related to the Nicotine Study for prevention of tobacco use by children and youth; Geneva Initiative on Psychiatry; Commission on Mental Health Reform in Virginia; China Mental Health Reform; Scottish Law Commission and files regarding mental health law in the Czech Republic, Georgia and Serbia; College Mental Health Study files are some of the topics researcher can find in these papers.","An extensive general correspondence file contains materials related to his work in the Law School and other activities; correspondence touching on most of his professional and consulting activities typically may be found with related papers in the appropriate series.  There are very few personal papers.","The collection should be useful to anyone researching drug law, particularly the debate over the decriminalization of marijuana and the rise in drug usage in the 1970s -- an era of great ferment for the drug issue in the United States.  Clippings, correspondence, legislative testimony, the materials of special interest groups like NORML, and the notes for Bonnie's books convey the thoughts and attitudes that shaped the drug issue during these years.  There is a similar, if not as extensive, collection of materials on the insanity defense from the early 1980s."],"corpname_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","Virginia. Commission on Mental Health Law","Geneva Initiative on Psychiatry","American Psychiatric Association"],"names_coll_ssim":["Virginia. Commission on Mental Health Law","Geneva Initiative on Psychiatry","American Psychiatric Association","Bonnie, Richard J."],"persname_ssim":["Bonnie, Richard J."],"names_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","Virginia. Commission on Mental Health Law","Geneva Initiative on Psychiatry","American Psychiatric Association","Bonnie, Richard J."],"language_ssim":["English\n      Russian"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1137,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:54:31.360Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_4_resources_555_c18"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_4_resources_741_c02","type":"Series","attributes":{"title":"Addendum to the Ronal P. Sokol Papers, 1959/2013","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_4_resources_741_c02#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"UVA law student notes and personal correspondence between Sokol and Meador.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_4_resources_741_c02#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viu_repositories_4_resources_741_c02","ref_ssm":["viu_repositories_4_resources_741_c02"],"id":"viu_repositories_4_resources_741_c02","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_4_resources_741","_root_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_741","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_741","parent_ssi":"viu_repositories_4_resources_741","parent_ssim":["Ronald P. Sokol papers, 1959/2014"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viu_repositories_4_resources_741"],"title_filing_ssi":"Addendum to the Ronal P. Sokol Papers","title_ssm":["Addendum to the Ronal P. Sokol Papers"],"title_tesim":["Addendum to the Ronal P. Sokol Papers"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Addendum to the Ronal P. Sokol Papers, 1959/2013"],"text":["Addendum to the Ronal P. Sokol Papers, 1959/2013","Ronald P. Sokol papers, 1959/2014","This addition to the Sokol collection (2 archival boxes, .75 linear ft) is comprised of several student notebooks and correspondence between Sokol and Professor Daniel J. Meador","UVA law student notes and personal correspondence between Sokol and Meador."],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Ronald P. Sokol papers, 1959/2014"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Ronald P. Sokol papers, 1959/2014"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1959/2013"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1959-2013"],"level_ssm":["Series"],"level_ssim":["Series"],"component_level_isim":[1],"sort_isi":4,"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"collection_ssim":["Ronald P. Sokol papers, 1959/2014"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":2,"acqinfo_ssim":["Ronald P. Sokol transferred these files to the archives in 2022."],"date_range_isim":[1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis addition to the Sokol collection (2 archival boxes, .75 linear ft) is comprised of several student notebooks and correspondence between Sokol and Professor Daniel J. Meador\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This addition to the Sokol collection (2 archival boxes, .75 linear ft) is comprised of several student notebooks and correspondence between Sokol and Professor Daniel J. Meador"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_893ad275c2f07225230ea86561b7f140\"\u003eUVA law student notes and personal correspondence between Sokol and Meador.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["UVA law student notes and personal correspondence between Sokol and Meador."],"_nest_path_":"/components#1","timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:54:46.871Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_4_resources_741","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_4_resources_741","_root_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_741","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_741","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_4_resources_741.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/133845","title_ssm":["Ronald P. Sokol papers"],"title_tesim":["Ronald P. Sokol papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1959-2014"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1959-2014"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1959/2014"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Ronald P. Sokol papers, 1959/2014"],"text":["Ronald P. Sokol papers, 1959/2014","MSS.2014.01","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/741","letters (correspondence)","Ronald P. Sokol studied at Duke University, and graduated from the University of Virginia School of Law in 1962.  He was member of Phi Delta Phi, Criminal Law Research Organization, and the Investment Club.  He immediately returned to the University to get his LL.M. degree under the guidance of Professor Daniel Meador. After graduating, he was appointed to direct the new Appellate Legal Aid (ALA) program at the Law School, founded with a Firestone Foundation grant in 1963.  (16 Va. L. Wkly. 1 (1963-1964)).","In 1970, Mr. Sokol moved to Aix-en-Provence, in 1973 beoming a French Legal Counselor with the Court of Advocates and continues practicing law there to this day.","In 1976, Mr. Sokol established the Gustav Sokol Colloquium at the University of Virginia School of Law. The colloquium is sponsored by the John Bassett Moore Society of International Law.","Ronald P. Sokol's papers consist of his UVA Law student notebooks and his correspondence with Professors Daniel J. Meador and Hardy C. Dillard. The correspondence portrays his long friendship the professors and his relationship with the Law School.","Researchers should also see Prof. Dillard Papers (MSS-84-8) and Prof. Meador Papers (MSS-82-3c).","Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","Sokol, Ronald P.","Dillard, Hardy Cross, 1902-1982","Meador, Daniel J., 1926-2013","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Ronald P. Sokol papers, 1959/2014"],"collection_ssim":["Ronald P. Sokol papers, 1959/2014"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS.2014.01","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/741"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS.2014.01","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/741"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_ssm":["Sokol, Ronald P.","Dillard, Hardy Cross, 1902-1982","Meador, Daniel J., 1926-2013"],"creator_ssim":["Sokol, Ronald P.","Dillard, Hardy Cross, 1902-1982","Meador, Daniel J., 1926-2013"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Sokol, Ronald P.","Dillard, Hardy Cross, 1902-1982","Meador, Daniel J., 1926-2013"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections"],"creators_ssim":["Sokol, Ronald P.","Dillard, Hardy Cross, 1902-1982","Meador, Daniel J., 1926-2013","Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was donated by Ronald Sokol in April of 2014 and in 2022."],"access_subjects_ssim":["letters (correspondence)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["letters (correspondence)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1.5 Cubic Feet 4 archive boxes"],"extent_tesim":["1.5 Cubic Feet 4 archive boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["letters (correspondence)"],"date_range_isim":[1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\nRonald P. Sokol studied at Duke University, and graduated from the University of Virginia School of Law in 1962.  He was member of Phi Delta Phi, Criminal Law Research Organization, and the Investment Club.  He immediately returned to the University to get his LL.M. degree under the guidance of Professor Daniel Meador. After graduating, he was appointed to direct the new Appellate Legal Aid (ALA) program at the Law School, founded with a Firestone Foundation grant in 1963.  (16 Va. L. Wkly. 1 (1963-1964)).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1970, Mr. Sokol moved to Aix-en-Provence, in 1973 beoming a French Legal Counselor with the Court of Advocates and continues practicing law there to this day.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1976, Mr. Sokol established the Gustav Sokol Colloquium at the University of Virginia School of Law. The colloquium is sponsored by the John Bassett Moore Society of International Law.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Ronald P. Sokol studied at Duke University, and graduated from the University of Virginia School of Law in 1962.  He was member of Phi Delta Phi, Criminal Law Research Organization, and the Investment Club.  He immediately returned to the University to get his LL.M. degree under the guidance of Professor Daniel Meador. After graduating, he was appointed to direct the new Appellate Legal Aid (ALA) program at the Law School, founded with a Firestone Foundation grant in 1963.  (16 Va. L. Wkly. 1 (1963-1964)).","In 1970, Mr. Sokol moved to Aix-en-Provence, in 1973 beoming a French Legal Counselor with the Court of Advocates and continues practicing law there to this day.","In 1976, Mr. Sokol established the Gustav Sokol Colloquium at the University of Virginia School of Law. The colloquium is sponsored by the John Bassett Moore Society of International Law."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\nRonald P. Sokol's papers consist of his UVA Law student notebooks and his correspondence with Professors Daniel J. Meador and Hardy C. Dillard. The correspondence portrays his long friendship the professors and his relationship with the Law School. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResearchers should also see Prof. Dillard Papers (MSS-84-8) and Prof. Meador Papers (MSS-82-3c).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Ronald P. Sokol's papers consist of his UVA Law student notebooks and his correspondence with Professors Daniel J. Meador and Hardy C. Dillard. The correspondence portrays his long friendship the professors and his relationship with the Law School.","Researchers should also see Prof. Dillard Papers (MSS-84-8) and Prof. Meador Papers (MSS-82-3c)."],"corpname_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections"],"persname_ssim":["Sokol, Ronald P.","Dillard, Hardy Cross, 1902-1982","Meador, Daniel J., 1926-2013"],"names_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","Sokol, Ronald P.","Dillard, Hardy Cross, 1902-1982","Meador, Daniel J., 1926-2013"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":19,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:54:46.871Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_4_resources_741_c02"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_414_c04","type":"Series","attributes":{"title":"Addition 1 and 2, 1909/1997","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_414_c04#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eAccretion 1 and 2 (0075 and 2017-0208) of correspondence, personal papers, military papers (Central Intelligence Agency and Federal Bureau of Investigation reports), photographs, and University of Virginia related materials are in both additions. Of particular note are letters from Richard Helms, Arpad Goncz, and others offering support for Wisner's work in Romania. There is also an account of Frank Wisner's time in the OSS in Eastern Europe during the War, and an interview with Katharine Graham and Wisner's wife, Polly. Also the very first acquisition for this collection is in this series (awards, list of donations to the Law library, photographs and newspaper clippings)\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_414_c04#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_414_c04","ref_ssm":["viu_repositories_3_resources_414_c04"],"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_414_c04","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_414","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_414","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_414","parent_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_414","parent_ssim":["Frank Gardiner Wisner papers, 1909/1997"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viu_repositories_3_resources_414"],"title_filing_ssi":"Addition 1 and 2","title_ssm":["Addition 1 and 2"],"title_tesim":["Addition 1 and 2"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Addition 1 and 2, 1909/1997"],"text":["Addition 1 and 2, 1909/1997","Frank Gardiner Wisner papers, 1909/1997","English","Accretion 1 and 2 (0075 and 2017-0208) of correspondence, personal papers, military papers (Central Intelligence Agency and Federal Bureau of Investigation reports), photographs, and University of Virginia related materials are in both additions. Of particular note are letters from Richard Helms, Arpad Goncz, and others offering support for Wisner's work in Romania. There is also an account of Frank Wisner's time in the OSS in Eastern Europe during the War, and an interview with Katharine Graham and Wisner's wife, Polly. Also the very first acquisition for this collection is in this series (awards, list of donations to the Law library, photographs and newspaper clippings)"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Frank Gardiner Wisner papers, 1909/1997"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Frank Gardiner Wisner papers, 1909/1997"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1909/1997"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1909-1997"],"level_ssm":["Series"],"level_ssim":["Series"],"component_level_isim":[1],"sort_isi":42,"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"collection_ssim":["Frank Gardiner Wisner papers, 1909/1997"],"extent_ssm":["1.5 Cubic Feet Three legal document boxes. Boxes 18-20"],"extent_tesim":["1.5 Cubic Feet Three legal document boxes. Boxes 18-20"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":3,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["There are restrictions on the letters of recommendations and sensitive salary information."],"language_ssim":["English"],"date_range_isim":[1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAccretion 1 and 2 (0075 and 2017-0208) of correspondence, personal papers, military papers (Central Intelligence Agency and Federal Bureau of Investigation reports), photographs, and University of Virginia related materials are in both additions. Of particular note are letters from Richard Helms, Arpad Goncz, and others offering support for Wisner's work in Romania. There is also an account of Frank Wisner's time in the OSS in Eastern Europe during the War, and an interview with Katharine Graham and Wisner's wife, Polly. Also the very first acquisition for this collection is in this series (awards, list of donations to the Law library, photographs and newspaper clippings)\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Accretion 1 and 2 (0075 and 2017-0208) of correspondence, personal papers, military papers (Central Intelligence Agency and Federal Bureau of Investigation reports), photographs, and University of Virginia related materials are in both additions. Of particular note are letters from Richard Helms, Arpad Goncz, and others offering support for Wisner's work in Romania. There is also an account of Frank Wisner's time in the OSS in Eastern Europe during the War, and an interview with Katharine Graham and Wisner's wife, Polly. Also the very first acquisition for this collection is in this series (awards, list of donations to the Law library, photographs and newspaper clippings)"],"_nest_path_":"/components#3","timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:54:12.250Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_414","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_414","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_414","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_414","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_414.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/118391","title_filing_ssi":"Wisner, Frank, Gardiner papers","title_ssm":["Frank Gardiner Wisner papers"],"title_tesim":["Frank Gardiner Wisner papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1909-1997"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1909-1997"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1909/1997"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Frank Gardiner Wisner papers, 1909/1997"],"text":["Frank Gardiner Wisner papers, 1909/1997","MSS 15049","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/414","There are restrictions on the letters of recommendations and sensitive salary information.","15049-a, 15049-b, 2016-0075, 2017-0208","Series  1. Correspondence files, Series 2. Lifetime Files,  Series 3. Condolence letters, Series 4.  Accretion 1 and 2, Series 5. Accretion 3","Frank Gardiner Wisner who worked for the Central Intelligence Agency for more than two decades was born in 1909 in Laurel, Mississippi and attended boarding school at Woodberry Forest in Orange, Virginia, after completing high school in Mississippi. He obtained his undergraduate and law degrees from the University of Virginia (1934) and became an attorney for Carter, Ledyard and Milburn in New York from 1934 to 1947.","His intelligence career began in 1941 as an Officer of the Navy Censor's Office. From 1941 to 1946, he was promoted to positions of increasing responsibility with the Office of Naval Intelligence, the Office of Strategic Services, and the Strategic Services Unit. He received the Legion of Merit award and the Kings Insignia from the British Empire.","In 1948, Mr. Wisner joined the Central Intelligence Agency, serving as Assistant Director for Policy Coordination until 1951, as Deputy Director (Plans) until 1959, and later as Chief of Station, London.","In those demanding and difficult capacities, often under conditions of great stress, Mr. Wisner demonstrated a wide range of the most admirable qualities and talents, which he gave to the service of his country without stint. His breadth and depth of knowledge, his professional competence, his precise judgement, his utter dedication to duty, his imagination, resourcefulness, integrity and courage won the respect of subordinates, peers, and superiors alike. His natural leadership was founded upon an unusually sensitive understanding of other people, as well as upon his own precept and example. Under his able guidance, an important element of the Agency was developed from meager beginnings and achieved substantial accomplishments.","Mr. Wisner's distinguished career, matched by very few other intelligence officers of any country or any time, contributed greatly to the security of the United States, in keeping with the best traditions of patriotic service and reflected high credit on him and the Central Intelligence Agency. (Taken in part from his citation in being awarded the Distinguished Intelligence Medal).","Wisner's early service career was characterized by his outstanding communication skills and superior management style. He openly shared information with his colleagues and was known for his methodical analysis and clarity of thought. He was responsible for gathering information and building communications between the Rumanians, Soviets, and British. He had a close relationship with Rica Georgescu which gave him access to high officials in the Rumanian government. For a time his close work with the Russians allowed him access to their daily bomb information. He obtained permission from the Rumanian government for the United States to evacuate thousands of allied prisoners of war.","He established a program to influence domestic and foreign media against communism. He collaborated closely with newspaper editors and journalists, giving them important public relations information that promoted patriotism. He also oversaw the finances of the CIA and strongly supported pro-American forces in Iran (1953) and Guatemala (1951).","Wisner was passionate about stopping the spread of Communism, which came from his experiences in Rumania when he watched the Soviets plan to take over Eastern Europe. When the Soviets invaded Hungary in 1956, Wisner was devastated that the U. S. did not come to their aid. After this crushing blow, he struggled with illness, received psychological treatment and significantly reduced his workload, although he was still a consultant for the government, and a station chief in London from 1960 to 1962.","After twenty-one years in the government service (from 1941 to 1962) he retired and directed his interests towards private industry where he felt that he could improve international business interests and promote the education of the public, particularly young people, in their knowledge of history and democracy.  He was involved in fund raising for St. Antony's College at Oxford, (with President William Deakin), and The Conservation Foundation.  He also studied the growth of several profitable companies, carefully invested in their stock and acted as a consultant to promote diversification and growth of the companies. He made investments in oil, land, farms, timber, and paper.","As an attorney, he gave legal advice to colleagues, literary agents, and businesspersons and was an advisor for authors and publishers of novels about spies, former Nazis or world leaders. He helped to ensure that their manuscripts were historically accurate accounts or at least credible to readers. He was also keen to make sure that national security interests were always protected.","He made himself available to others who were interested in a career in the government. He studied resumes and gave very high recommendations to well- educated young people who showed promise. His letters from colleagues and friends reveal that he was a very kind person that cared about the careers of other people. He helped individuals from all over the world and in all positions in life with obtaining citizenship, visas or employment.","He worked under several presidents, Harry S. Truman, David Eisenhower, John Kennedy, and Lyndon Johnson. He also worked very closely with other C.I.A. Directors including Allen W. Dulles, John McCone, and Richard Helms (who was initially Deputy to Wisner), as well as other well-known individuals in intelligence, the Federal Bureau of Investigation, ambassadors, diplomats, scholars, and journalists in the major American newspapers, including The New York Times and The Washington Post.","He was also passionate about hunting and he travelled across the country and to Spain several times a year to attend shooting parties while discussing the problems of the world with his close friends. In addition to his love for hunting, he had been a star athlete in track and was eligible for the 1936 Olympics. In October of 1965, he succumbed to the illness that made him escalate between high and low mood swings, by taking his own life. Many of his friends wrote that he was a hero who gave his life for his country.","This collection of Frank Gardiner Wisner papers (1909-1997; 10.5 cubic feet) consists of business and personal papers of Frank Gardiner Wisner, who was a Director in the Central Intelligence Agency in the 1950's. Included is an autographed letter signed by John Edgar Hoover and a photocopy of a letter signed by Harry S. Truman.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Frank Gardiner Wisner papers, 1909/1997"],"collection_ssim":["Frank Gardiner Wisner papers, 1909/1997"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 15049","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/414"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 15049","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/414"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"creators_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was a gift of Ellis Wisner, Frank Wisner, Graham Wisner, and their sister Elizabeth Hazard to the Small Special Collections Library at the University of Virginia on September 5, 2012 (Condolence letters), February 27, 2013, and 2017."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["10.5 Cubic Feet 21 document boxes and oversize boxes"],"extent_tesim":["10.5 Cubic Feet 21 document boxes and oversize boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are restrictions on the letters of recommendations and sensitive salary information.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are restrictions on the letters of recommendations and sensitive salary information."],"accruals_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e15049-a, 15049-b, 2016-0075, 2017-0208\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accruals_heading_ssm":["Accessions"],"accruals_tesim":["15049-a, 15049-b, 2016-0075, 2017-0208"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSeries  1. Correspondence files, Series 2. Lifetime Files,  Series 3. Condolence letters, Series 4.  Accretion 1 and 2, Series 5. Accretion 3\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Series  1. Correspondence files, Series 2. Lifetime Files,  Series 3. Condolence letters, Series 4.  Accretion 1 and 2, Series 5. Accretion 3"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFrank Gardiner Wisner who worked for the Central Intelligence Agency for more than two decades was born in 1909 in Laurel, Mississippi and attended boarding school at Woodberry Forest in Orange, Virginia, after completing high school in Mississippi. He obtained his undergraduate and law degrees from the University of Virginia (1934) and became an attorney for Carter, Ledyard and Milburn in New York from 1934 to 1947.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHis intelligence career began in 1941 as an Officer of the Navy Censor's Office. From 1941 to 1946, he was promoted to positions of increasing responsibility with the Office of Naval Intelligence, the Office of Strategic Services, and the Strategic Services Unit. He received the Legion of Merit award and the Kings Insignia from the British Empire. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1948, Mr. Wisner joined the Central Intelligence Agency, serving as Assistant Director for Policy Coordination until 1951, as Deputy Director (Plans) until 1959, and later as Chief of Station, London. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn those demanding and difficult capacities, often under conditions of great stress, Mr. Wisner demonstrated a wide range of the most admirable qualities and talents, which he gave to the service of his country without stint. His breadth and depth of knowledge, his professional competence, his precise judgement, his utter dedication to duty, his imagination, resourcefulness, integrity and courage won the respect of subordinates, peers, and superiors alike. His natural leadership was founded upon an unusually sensitive understanding of other people, as well as upon his own precept and example. Under his able guidance, an important element of the Agency was developed from meager beginnings and achieved substantial accomplishments. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMr. Wisner's distinguished career, matched by very few other intelligence officers of any country or any time, contributed greatly to the security of the United States, in keeping with the best traditions of patriotic service and reflected high credit on him and the Central Intelligence Agency. (Taken in part from his citation in being awarded the Distinguished Intelligence Medal).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWisner's early service career was characterized by his outstanding communication skills and superior management style. He openly shared information with his colleagues and was known for his methodical analysis and clarity of thought. He was responsible for gathering information and building communications between the Rumanians, Soviets, and British. He had a close relationship with Rica Georgescu which gave him access to high officials in the Rumanian government. For a time his close work with the Russians allowed him access to their daily bomb information. He obtained permission from the Rumanian government for the United States to evacuate thousands of allied prisoners of war.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHe established a program to influence domestic and foreign media against communism. He collaborated closely with newspaper editors and journalists, giving them important public relations information that promoted patriotism. He also oversaw the finances of the CIA and strongly supported pro-American forces in Iran (1953) and Guatemala (1951). \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWisner was passionate about stopping the spread of Communism, which came from his experiences in Rumania when he watched the Soviets plan to take over Eastern Europe. When the Soviets invaded Hungary in 1956, Wisner was devastated that the U. S. did not come to their aid. After this crushing blow, he struggled with illness, received psychological treatment and significantly reduced his workload, although he was still a consultant for the government, and a station chief in London from 1960 to 1962.     \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAfter twenty-one years in the government service (from 1941 to 1962) he retired and directed his interests towards private industry where he felt that he could improve international business interests and promote the education of the public, particularly young people, in their knowledge of history and democracy.  He was involved in fund raising for St. Antony's College at Oxford, (with President William Deakin), and The Conservation Foundation.  He also studied the growth of several profitable companies, carefully invested in their stock and acted as a consultant to promote diversification and growth of the companies. He made investments in oil, land, farms, timber, and paper.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAs an attorney, he gave legal advice to colleagues, literary agents, and businesspersons and was an advisor for authors and publishers of novels about spies, former Nazis or world leaders. He helped to ensure that their manuscripts were historically accurate accounts or at least credible to readers. He was also keen to make sure that national security interests were always protected.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHe made himself available to others who were interested in a career in the government. He studied resumes and gave very high recommendations to well- educated young people who showed promise. His letters from colleagues and friends reveal that he was a very kind person that cared about the careers of other people. He helped individuals from all over the world and in all positions in life with obtaining citizenship, visas or employment.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHe worked under several presidents, Harry S. Truman, David Eisenhower, John Kennedy, and Lyndon Johnson. He also worked very closely with other C.I.A. Directors including Allen W. Dulles, John McCone, and Richard Helms (who was initially Deputy to Wisner), as well as other well-known individuals in intelligence, the Federal Bureau of Investigation, ambassadors, diplomats, scholars, and journalists in the major American newspapers, including The New York Times and The Washington Post.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nHe was also passionate about hunting and he travelled across the country and to Spain several times a year to attend shooting parties while discussing the problems of the world with his close friends. In addition to his love for hunting, he had been a star athlete in track and was eligible for the 1936 Olympics. In October of 1965, he succumbed to the illness that made him escalate between high and low mood swings, by taking his own life. Many of his friends wrote that he was a hero who gave his life for his country.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biography"],"bioghist_tesim":["Frank Gardiner Wisner who worked for the Central Intelligence Agency for more than two decades was born in 1909 in Laurel, Mississippi and attended boarding school at Woodberry Forest in Orange, Virginia, after completing high school in Mississippi. He obtained his undergraduate and law degrees from the University of Virginia (1934) and became an attorney for Carter, Ledyard and Milburn in New York from 1934 to 1947.","His intelligence career began in 1941 as an Officer of the Navy Censor's Office. From 1941 to 1946, he was promoted to positions of increasing responsibility with the Office of Naval Intelligence, the Office of Strategic Services, and the Strategic Services Unit. He received the Legion of Merit award and the Kings Insignia from the British Empire.","In 1948, Mr. Wisner joined the Central Intelligence Agency, serving as Assistant Director for Policy Coordination until 1951, as Deputy Director (Plans) until 1959, and later as Chief of Station, London.","In those demanding and difficult capacities, often under conditions of great stress, Mr. Wisner demonstrated a wide range of the most admirable qualities and talents, which he gave to the service of his country without stint. His breadth and depth of knowledge, his professional competence, his precise judgement, his utter dedication to duty, his imagination, resourcefulness, integrity and courage won the respect of subordinates, peers, and superiors alike. His natural leadership was founded upon an unusually sensitive understanding of other people, as well as upon his own precept and example. Under his able guidance, an important element of the Agency was developed from meager beginnings and achieved substantial accomplishments.","Mr. Wisner's distinguished career, matched by very few other intelligence officers of any country or any time, contributed greatly to the security of the United States, in keeping with the best traditions of patriotic service and reflected high credit on him and the Central Intelligence Agency. (Taken in part from his citation in being awarded the Distinguished Intelligence Medal).","Wisner's early service career was characterized by his outstanding communication skills and superior management style. He openly shared information with his colleagues and was known for his methodical analysis and clarity of thought. He was responsible for gathering information and building communications between the Rumanians, Soviets, and British. He had a close relationship with Rica Georgescu which gave him access to high officials in the Rumanian government. For a time his close work with the Russians allowed him access to their daily bomb information. He obtained permission from the Rumanian government for the United States to evacuate thousands of allied prisoners of war.","He established a program to influence domestic and foreign media against communism. He collaborated closely with newspaper editors and journalists, giving them important public relations information that promoted patriotism. He also oversaw the finances of the CIA and strongly supported pro-American forces in Iran (1953) and Guatemala (1951).","Wisner was passionate about stopping the spread of Communism, which came from his experiences in Rumania when he watched the Soviets plan to take over Eastern Europe. When the Soviets invaded Hungary in 1956, Wisner was devastated that the U. S. did not come to their aid. After this crushing blow, he struggled with illness, received psychological treatment and significantly reduced his workload, although he was still a consultant for the government, and a station chief in London from 1960 to 1962.","After twenty-one years in the government service (from 1941 to 1962) he retired and directed his interests towards private industry where he felt that he could improve international business interests and promote the education of the public, particularly young people, in their knowledge of history and democracy.  He was involved in fund raising for St. Antony's College at Oxford, (with President William Deakin), and The Conservation Foundation.  He also studied the growth of several profitable companies, carefully invested in their stock and acted as a consultant to promote diversification and growth of the companies. He made investments in oil, land, farms, timber, and paper.","As an attorney, he gave legal advice to colleagues, literary agents, and businesspersons and was an advisor for authors and publishers of novels about spies, former Nazis or world leaders. He helped to ensure that their manuscripts were historically accurate accounts or at least credible to readers. He was also keen to make sure that national security interests were always protected.","He made himself available to others who were interested in a career in the government. He studied resumes and gave very high recommendations to well- educated young people who showed promise. His letters from colleagues and friends reveal that he was a very kind person that cared about the careers of other people. He helped individuals from all over the world and in all positions in life with obtaining citizenship, visas or employment.","He worked under several presidents, Harry S. Truman, David Eisenhower, John Kennedy, and Lyndon Johnson. He also worked very closely with other C.I.A. Directors including Allen W. Dulles, John McCone, and Richard Helms (who was initially Deputy to Wisner), as well as other well-known individuals in intelligence, the Federal Bureau of Investigation, ambassadors, diplomats, scholars, and journalists in the major American newspapers, including The New York Times and The Washington Post.","He was also passionate about hunting and he travelled across the country and to Spain several times a year to attend shooting parties while discussing the problems of the world with his close friends. In addition to his love for hunting, he had been a star athlete in track and was eligible for the 1936 Olympics. In October of 1965, he succumbed to the illness that made him escalate between high and low mood swings, by taking his own life. Many of his friends wrote that he was a hero who gave his life for his country."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 15049, Frank Gardiner Wisner Papers, Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 15049, Frank Gardiner Wisner Papers, Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection of Frank Gardiner Wisner papers (1909-1997; 10.5 cubic feet) consists of business and personal papers of Frank Gardiner Wisner, who was a Director in the Central Intelligence Agency in the 1950's. Included is an autographed letter signed by John Edgar Hoover and a photocopy of a letter signed by Harry S. Truman.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection of Frank Gardiner Wisner papers (1909-1997; 10.5 cubic feet) consists of business and personal papers of Frank Gardiner Wisner, who was a Director in the Central Intelligence Agency in the 1950's. Included is an autographed letter signed by John Edgar Hoover and a photocopy of a letter signed by Harry S. Truman."],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":49,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:54:12.250Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_414_c04"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1804_c01","type":"Series","attributes":{"title":"Addition k, 1959/1997","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1804_c01#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis addition to the papers of Edgar Finley Shannon Jr. (1918-1997) contains materials from 1956-1997. Topics of interest include University of Virginia English Department Business, correspondence and documents related to Thomas Jefferson Memorial Foundation work, research and work on Alfred, Lord Tennyson, and correspondence and documents related to work with the Colonial Williamsburg Foundation. Collection also includes a letter from President Jimmy Carter to Edgar Shannon, dated February 16, 1987.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1804_c01#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1804_c01","ref_ssm":["viu_repositories_3_resources_1804_c01"],"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1804_c01","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1804","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1804","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1804","parent_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1804","parent_ssim":["Edgar Shannon Papers, 1959/1997"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viu_repositories_3_resources_1804"],"title_filing_ssi":"Addition k","title_ssm":["Addition k"],"title_tesim":["Addition k"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Addition k, 1959/1997"],"text":["Addition k, 1959/1997","Edgar Shannon Papers, 1959/1997","This collection is minimally processed and open for research with the following exception: Material pertaining to individual student records may be restricted in accordance with the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA). Please contact the Archives with specific questions regarding access to such records.","The records/guides for this collection's original acquisition and other previous additions can be found in VIRGO, the Library's online catalog, as well as (in many cases) on the Archival Resources of the Virginias (ARVAS) website. For best results, search using the collection's Identifier/Call Number.","This addition to the papers of Edgar Finley Shannon Jr. (1918-1997) contains materials from 1956-1997. Topics of interest include University of Virginia English Department Business, correspondence and documents related to Thomas Jefferson Memorial Foundation work, research and work on Alfred, Lord Tennyson, and correspondence and documents related to work with the Colonial Williamsburg Foundation. Collection also includes a letter from President Jimmy Carter to Edgar Shannon, dated February 16, 1987.","This collection is stored offsite. Please allow 72 hours for delivery to Small Library."],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Edgar Shannon Papers, 1959/1997"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Edgar Shannon Papers, 1959/1997"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1959/1997"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1959-1997"],"level_ssm":["Series"],"level_ssim":["Series"],"component_level_isim":[1],"sort_isi":1,"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"collection_ssim":["Edgar Shannon Papers, 1959/1997"],"extent_ssm":["24 Cubic Feet 24 cubic boxes"],"extent_tesim":["24 Cubic Feet 24 cubic boxes"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":621,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["This collection is minimally processed and open for research with the following exception: Material pertaining to individual student records may be restricted in accordance with the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA). Please contact the Archives with specific questions regarding access to such records."],"date_range_isim":[1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is minimally processed and open for research with the following exception: Material pertaining to individual student records may be restricted in accordance with the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA). Please contact the Archives with specific questions regarding access to such records.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is minimally processed and open for research with the following exception: Material pertaining to individual student records may be restricted in accordance with the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA). Please contact the Archives with specific questions regarding access to such records."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe records/guides for this collection's original acquisition and other previous additions can be found in VIRGO, the Library's online catalog, as well as (in many cases) on the Archival Resources of the Virginias (ARVAS) website. For best results, search using the collection's Identifier/Call Number. \u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The records/guides for this collection's original acquisition and other previous additions can be found in VIRGO, the Library's online catalog, as well as (in many cases) on the Archival Resources of the Virginias (ARVAS) website. For best results, search using the collection's Identifier/Call Number."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis addition to the papers of Edgar Finley Shannon Jr. (1918-1997) contains materials from 1956-1997. Topics of interest include University of Virginia English Department Business, correspondence and documents related to Thomas Jefferson Memorial Foundation work, research and work on Alfred, Lord Tennyson, and correspondence and documents related to work with the Colonial Williamsburg Foundation. Collection also includes a letter from President Jimmy Carter to Edgar Shannon, dated February 16, 1987.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This addition to the papers of Edgar Finley Shannon Jr. (1918-1997) contains materials from 1956-1997. Topics of interest include University of Virginia English Department Business, correspondence and documents related to Thomas Jefferson Memorial Foundation work, research and work on Alfred, Lord Tennyson, and correspondence and documents related to work with the Colonial Williamsburg Foundation. Collection also includes a letter from President Jimmy Carter to Edgar Shannon, dated February 16, 1987."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_42e303d7220d9ef47e8f9a0f56ba1b51\"\u003eThis collection is stored offsite. Please allow 72 hours for delivery to Small Library. \u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["This collection is stored offsite. Please allow 72 hours for delivery to Small Library."],"_nest_path_":"/components#0","timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:53:58.310Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1804","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1804","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1804","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1804","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1804.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/227458","title_filing_ssi":"Shannon, Edgar, papers","title_ssm":["Edgar Shannon Papers"],"title_tesim":["Edgar Shannon Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1959-1997"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1959-1997"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1959/1997"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Edgar Shannon Papers, 1959/1997"],"text":["Edgar Shannon Papers, 1959/1997","MSS 12706-k","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1804","This collection is minimally processed and open for research with the following exception: Material pertaining to individual student records may be restricted in accordance with the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA). Please contact the Archives with specific questions regarding access to such records.","The records/guides for this collection's original acquisition and other previous additions can be found in VIRGO, the Library's online catalog, as well as (in many cases) on the Archival Resources of the Virginias (ARVAS) website. For best results, search using the collection's Identifier/Call Number.","This addition to the papers of Edgar Finley Shannon Jr. (1918-1997) contains materials from 1956-1997. Topics of interest include University of Virginia English Department Business, correspondence and documents related to Thomas Jefferson Memorial Foundation work, research and work on Alfred, Lord Tennyson, and correspondence and documents related to work with the Colonial Williamsburg Foundation. Collection also includes a letter from President Jimmy Carter to Edgar Shannon, dated February 16, 1987.","This collection is stored offsite. Please allow 72 hours for delivery to Small Library.\nThe Jimmy Carter letter dated 1987 is stored separately, onsite in the vault with the autograph collection.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Shannon, Edgar Finley, 1918-1997","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Edgar Shannon Papers, 1959/1997"],"collection_ssim":["Edgar Shannon Papers, 1959/1997"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 12706-k","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1804"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 12706-k","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1804"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_ssm":["Shannon, Edgar Finley, 1918-1997"],"creator_ssim":["Shannon, Edgar Finley, 1918-1997"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Shannon, Edgar Finley, 1918-1997"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"creators_ssim":["Shannon, Edgar Finley, 1918-1997","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["24 Cubic Feet 24 cubic boxes"],"extent_tesim":["24 Cubic Feet 24 cubic boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is minimally processed and open for research with the following exception: Material pertaining to individual student records may be restricted in accordance with the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA). Please contact the Archives with specific questions regarding access to such records.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is minimally processed and open for research with the following exception: Material pertaining to individual student records may be restricted in accordance with the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA). Please contact the Archives with specific questions regarding access to such records."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 12706-k, Edgar Shannon Papers, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 12706-k, Edgar Shannon Papers, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe records/guides for this collection's original acquisition and other previous additions can be found in VIRGO, the Library's online catalog, as well as (in many cases) on the Archival Resources of the Virginias (ARVAS) website. For best results, search using the collection's Identifier/Call Number. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The records/guides for this collection's original acquisition and other previous additions can be found in VIRGO, the Library's online catalog, as well as (in many cases) on the Archival Resources of the Virginias (ARVAS) website. For best results, search using the collection's Identifier/Call Number."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis addition to the papers of Edgar Finley Shannon Jr. (1918-1997) contains materials from 1956-1997. Topics of interest include University of Virginia English Department Business, correspondence and documents related to Thomas Jefferson Memorial Foundation work, research and work on Alfred, Lord Tennyson, and correspondence and documents related to work with the Colonial Williamsburg Foundation. Collection also includes a letter from President Jimmy Carter to Edgar Shannon, dated February 16, 1987.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This addition to the papers of Edgar Finley Shannon Jr. (1918-1997) contains materials from 1956-1997. Topics of interest include University of Virginia English Department Business, correspondence and documents related to Thomas Jefferson Memorial Foundation work, research and work on Alfred, Lord Tennyson, and correspondence and documents related to work with the Colonial Williamsburg Foundation. Collection also includes a letter from President Jimmy Carter to Edgar Shannon, dated February 16, 1987."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_44ded44478a3ac8f43c7bb7aade23387\"\u003eThis collection is stored offsite. Please allow 72 hours for delivery to Small Library.\nThe Jimmy Carter letter dated 1987 is stored separately, onsite in the vault with the autograph collection.\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["This collection is stored offsite. Please allow 72 hours for delivery to Small Library.\nThe Jimmy Carter letter dated 1987 is stored separately, onsite in the vault with the autograph collection."],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"persname_ssim":["Shannon, Edgar Finley, 1918-1997"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Shannon, Edgar Finley, 1918-1997"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":622,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:53:58.310Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1804_c01"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_7_resources_229_c09_c01_c39","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Additions and advances of UVA Hospital and Medical Center, 1961/1981","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_7_resources_229_c09_c01_c39#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viu_repositories_7_resources_229_c09_c01_c39","ref_ssm":["viu_repositories_7_resources_229_c09_c01_c39"],"id":"viu_repositories_7_resources_229_c09_c01_c39","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_7_resources_229","_root_":"viu_repositories_7_resources_229","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_7_resources_229_c09_c01","parent_ssi":"viu_repositories_7_resources_229_c09_c01","parent_ssim":["University of Virginia Medical Center records, 1857/2024","Public relations files","Information Services press releases and news clippings, 1970/1993"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viu_repositories_7_resources_229","viu_repositories_7_resources_229_c09","viu_repositories_7_resources_229_c09_c01"],"title_filing_ssi":"Additions and advances of UVA Hospital and Medical Center","title_ssm":["Additions and advances of UVA Hospital and Medical Center"],"title_tesim":["Additions and advances of UVA Hospital and Medical Center"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Additions and advances of UVA Hospital and Medical Center, 1961/1981"],"text":["Additions and advances of UVA Hospital and Medical Center, 1961/1981","University of Virginia Medical Center records, 1857/2024","Public relations files","Information Services press releases and news clippings, 1970/1993","box 6","folder 20"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["University of Virginia Medical Center records, 1857/2024","Public relations files","Information Services press releases and news clippings, 1970/1993"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["University of Virginia Medical Center records, 1857/2024","Public relations files","Information Services press releases and news clippings, 1970/1993"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1961/1981"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1961-1981"],"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"component_level_isim":[3],"sort_isi":1038,"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"collection_ssim":["University of Virginia Medical Center records, 1857/2024"],"containers_ssim":["box 6","folder 20"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["There are no restrictions on access."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Copyright restrictions may apply."],"date_range_isim":[1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981],"_nest_path_":"/components#8/components#0/components#38","timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:55:09.453Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_7_resources_229","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_7_resources_229","_root_":"viu_repositories_7_resources_229","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_7_resources_229","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_7_resources_229.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/134743","title_ssm":["University of Virginia Medical Center records"],"title_tesim":["University of Virginia Medical Center records"],"unitdate_ssm":["1857-2024"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1857-2024"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1857/2024"],"normalized_title_ssm":["University of Virginia Medical Center records, 1857/2024"],"text":["University of Virginia Medical Center records, 1857/2024","RG.17.2","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/7/resources/229","University of Virginia","All materials in this collection are available for public access unless otherwise noted. Restrictions on access are made in accordance with the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA), the Virginia Freedom of Information Act, and any related policies or regulations.","RG-17-2 includes records from legacy collections held by the Claude Moore Health Sciences Library, including the UVA Health System Marketing Communications collection (MS-68). RG-17-2 also includes materials previously cataloged as separate items in Virgo (such as journals, newsletters, and reports) and from semi-processed legacy accessions held by the Claude Moore Health Sciences Library.","Unless otherwise noted, the University of Virginia owns the copyright to the materials in this collection that have not yet entered the public domain. You are free to use collection materials in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s).","Note: Oversize materials are located on Row 19, located behind Row 1.","Claude Moore Health Sciences Library","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["University of Virginia Medical Center records, 1857/2024"],"collection_ssim":["University of Virginia Medical Center records, 1857/2024"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["RG.17.2","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/7/resources/229"],"unitid_tesim":["RG.17.2","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/7/resources/229"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Claude Moore Health Sciences Library"],"creators_ssim":["Claude Moore Health Sciences Library"],"access_terms_ssm":["Unless otherwise noted, the University of Virginia owns the copyright to the materials in this collection that have not yet entered the public domain. You are free to use collection materials in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s)."],"access_subjects_ssim":["University of Virginia"],"access_subjects_ssm":["University of Virginia"],"has_online_content_ssim":["true"],"extent_ssm":["20 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["20 Linear Feet"],"date_range_isim":[1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018,2019,2020,2021,2022,2023,2024],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAll materials in this collection are available for public access unless otherwise noted. Restrictions on access are made in accordance with the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA), the Virginia Freedom of Information Act, and any related policies or regulations.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["All materials in this collection are available for public access unless otherwise noted. Restrictions on access are made in accordance with the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA), the Virginia Freedom of Information Act, and any related policies or regulations."],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRG-17-2 includes records from legacy collections held by the Claude Moore Health Sciences Library, including the UVA Health System Marketing Communications collection (MS-68). RG-17-2 also includes materials previously cataloged as separate items in Virgo (such as journals, newsletters, and reports) and from semi-processed legacy accessions held by the Claude Moore Health Sciences Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["RG-17-2 includes records from legacy collections held by the Claude Moore Health Sciences Library, including the UVA Health System Marketing Communications collection (MS-68). RG-17-2 also includes materials previously cataloged as separate items in Virgo (such as journals, newsletters, and reports) and from semi-processed legacy accessions held by the Claude Moore Health Sciences Library."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eUnless otherwise noted, the University of Virginia owns the copyright to the materials in this collection that have not yet entered the public domain. You are free to use collection materials in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Unless otherwise noted, the University of Virginia owns the copyright to the materials in this collection that have not yet entered the public domain. You are free to use collection materials in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s)."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_128cff2466aa6ab0f80f49cd804eb6e4\"\u003eNote: Oversize materials are located on Row 19, located behind Row 1.\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["Note: Oversize materials are located on Row 19, located behind Row 1."],"corpname_ssim":["Claude Moore Health Sciences Library"],"names_ssim":["Claude Moore Health Sciences Library"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1821,"online_item_count_is":1,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:55:09.453Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_7_resources_229_c09_c01_c39"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_4_resources_85_c06_c02_c141_c06","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"Address at Appellate Court Seminar, Appellate Justice – Ideas for Improvement, 1974","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_4_resources_85_c06_c02_c141_c06#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viu_repositories_4_resources_85_c06_c02_c141_c06","ref_ssm":["viu_repositories_4_resources_85_c06_c02_c141_c06"],"id":"viu_repositories_4_resources_85_c06_c02_c141_c06","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_4_resources_85","_root_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_85","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_85_c06_c02_c141","parent_ssi":"viu_repositories_4_resources_85_c06_c02_c141","parent_ssim":["Daniel J. Meador papers, 1959/2003","Addendum to the Papers of Daniel J. Meador [e], 1976/2003","Documents, correspondence, and memoranda","Speeches of Daniel J. Meador - Addendum, 1959/1995"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viu_repositories_4_resources_85","viu_repositories_4_resources_85_c06","viu_repositories_4_resources_85_c06_c02","viu_repositories_4_resources_85_c06_c02_c141"],"title_filing_ssi":"Address at Appellate Court Seminar, Appellate Justice – Ideas for Improvement","title_ssm":["Address at Appellate Court Seminar, Appellate Justice – Ideas for Improvement"],"title_tesim":["Address at Appellate Court Seminar, Appellate Justice – Ideas for Improvement"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Address at Appellate Court Seminar, Appellate Justice – Ideas for Improvement, 1974"],"text":["Address at Appellate Court Seminar, Appellate Justice – Ideas for Improvement, 1974","Daniel J. Meador papers, 1959/2003","Addendum to the Papers of Daniel J. Meador [e], 1976/2003","Documents, correspondence, and memoranda","Speeches of Daniel J. Meador - Addendum, 1959/1995","box MSS 82-3e, Box 27"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Daniel J. Meador papers, 1959/2003","Addendum to the Papers of Daniel J. Meador [e], 1976/2003","Documents, correspondence, and memoranda","Speeches of Daniel J. Meador - Addendum, 1959/1995"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Daniel J. Meador papers, 1959/2003","Addendum to the Papers of Daniel J. Meador [e], 1976/2003","Documents, correspondence, and memoranda","Speeches of Daniel J. Meador - Addendum, 1959/1995"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1974"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1974"],"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"component_level_isim":[4],"sort_isi":492,"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"collection_ssim":["Daniel J. Meador papers, 1959/2003"],"containers_ssim":["box MSS 82-3e, Box 27"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"date_range_isim":[1974],"_nest_path_":"/components#5/components#1/components#140/components#5","timestamp":"2026-08-15T00:04:49.439Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_4_resources_85","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_4_resources_85","_root_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_85","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_85","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_4_resources_85.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/107311","title_ssm":["Daniel J. Meador papers"],"title_tesim":["Daniel J. Meador papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1959-2003"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1959-2003"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1959/2003"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Daniel J. Meador papers, 1959/2003"],"text":["Daniel J. Meador papers, 1959/2003","MSS.82.3","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/85","Professional, academic, and personal papers related to Daniel J. Meador's role as University of Virginia Law professor, dean of the University of Alabama Law School, his role at the Justice Department and the appellate courts, the UVA Program for Judges, UVA lectureship in Law and Religion, teaching materials, and fictional works. There is correspondence, committee files, legislative files, drafts of fictional works, academic writings, and photographs.","Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","Meador, Daniel John (1926-2013)","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Daniel J. Meador papers, 1959/2003"],"collection_ssim":["Daniel J. Meador papers, 1959/2003"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS.82.3","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/85"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS.82.3","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/85"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_ssm":["Meador, Daniel John (1926-2013)"],"creator_ssim":["Meador, Daniel John (1926-2013)"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Meador, Daniel John (1926-2013)"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections"],"creators_ssim":["Meador, Daniel John (1926-2013)","Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Professor Meador transferred  his files to the archives in 1982, 1986, 1992, 1995, and 2013."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["32 Cubic Feet 73 archival boxes, plus photographs and some oversized materials."],"extent_tesim":["32 Cubic Feet 73 archival boxes, plus photographs and some oversized materials."],"date_range_isim":[1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProfessional, academic, and personal papers related to Daniel J. Meador's role as University of Virginia Law professor, dean of the University of Alabama Law School, his role at the Justice Department and the appellate courts, the UVA Program for Judges, UVA lectureship in Law and Religion, teaching materials, and fictional works. There is correspondence, committee files, legislative files, drafts of fictional works, academic writings, and photographs.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Professional, academic, and personal papers related to Daniel J. Meador's role as University of Virginia Law professor, dean of the University of Alabama Law School, his role at the Justice Department and the appellate courts, the UVA Program for Judges, UVA lectureship in Law and Religion, teaching materials, and fictional works. There is correspondence, committee files, legislative files, drafts of fictional works, academic writings, and photographs."],"corpname_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections"],"persname_ssim":["Meador, Daniel John (1926-2013)"],"names_coll_ssim":["Meador, Daniel John (1926-2013)"],"names_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","Meador, Daniel John (1926-2013)"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":697,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-15T00:04:49.439Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_4_resources_85_c06_c02_c141_c06"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1884_c02_c06","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Addresses, 1974/1982","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1884_c02_c06#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1884_c02_c06","ref_ssm":["viu_repositories_3_resources_1884_c02_c06"],"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1884_c02_c06","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1884","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1884","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1884_c02","parent_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1884_c02","parent_ssim":["Kenneth W. Thompson Papers, 1972/1999","Writings and Professional Activities, 1974/1998"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viu_repositories_3_resources_1884","viu_repositories_3_resources_1884_c02"],"title_filing_ssi":"Addresses","title_ssm":["Addresses"],"title_tesim":["Addresses"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Addresses, 1974/1982"],"text":["Addresses, 1974/1982","Kenneth W. Thompson Papers, 1972/1999","Writings and Professional Activities, 1974/1998","box 49"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Kenneth W. Thompson Papers, 1972/1999","Writings and Professional Activities, 1974/1998"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Kenneth W. Thompson Papers, 1972/1999","Writings and Professional Activities, 1974/1998"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1974/1982"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1974-1982"],"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"component_level_isim":[2],"sort_isi":55,"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"collection_ssim":["Kenneth W. Thompson Papers, 1972/1999"],"containers_ssim":["box 49"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["This collection is open for access with the following exceptions:","This collection is housed at Ivy Stacks, an off-site storage facility. Requests for materials housed at Ivy Stacks require at least 72 hours' notice.","Original digital media (floppy disks, zip disks, thumb drives,) and other AV media formats such as LPs, audiocassettes, videotapes, reel-to-reel, DVD etc.) cannot be handled directly by patrons. Appointments must be made to request these items. In most cases, materials must be reformatted before they can be accessed, sometimes at the researcher's expense. Please use our online reference request form (https://small.library.virginia.edu/services/reference-request) to request access to these materials or for further information.","Material pertaining to individual student records may be restricted in accordance with the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA). Please contact the Archives with specific questions regarding access to such records."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Because of the assembled nature of this collection, copyright status varies across the collection. You are free to use materials in the collection in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s)."],"date_range_isim":[1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982],"_nest_path_":"/components#1/components#5","timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:53:58.310Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1884","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1884","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1884","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1884","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1884.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/241089","title_filing_ssi":"Thompson, Kenneth W. Papers","title_ssm":["Kenneth W. Thompson Papers"],"title_tesim":["Kenneth W. Thompson Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1972-1999"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1972-1999"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1972/1999"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Kenneth W. Thompson Papers, 1972/1999"],"text":["Kenneth W. Thompson Papers, 1972/1999","MSS 12788-a","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1884","University of Virginia -- Miller Center of Public Affairs","University of Virginia -- Faculty","This collection is open for access with the following exceptions:","This collection is housed at Ivy Stacks, an off-site storage facility. Requests for materials housed at Ivy Stacks require at least 72 hours' notice.","Original digital media (floppy disks, zip disks, thumb drives,) and other AV media formats such as LPs, audiocassettes, videotapes, reel-to-reel, DVD etc.) cannot be handled directly by patrons. Appointments must be made to request these items. In most cases, materials must be reformatted before they can be accessed, sometimes at the researcher's expense. Please use our online reference request form (https://small.library.virginia.edu/services/reference-request) to request access to these materials or for further information.","Material pertaining to individual student records may be restricted in accordance with the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA). Please contact the Archives with specific questions regarding access to such records.","Kenneth Thompson (August 29, 1921 - February 2, 2013) was an American political scientist, author, and scholar of international relations known for his contributions to normative theory and the tradition of political realism. He received his Ph.D. in political science from the University of Chicago in 1950, where he studied under Hans J. Morgenthau, and subsequently held teaching positions at the University of Chicago and Northwestern University.","From 1955 to 1975, Thompson worked in international education and philanthropy, serving as vice president for international programs at the Rockefeller Foundation. He joined the faculty of the University of Virginia in 1975 as Commonwealth Professor of Government and Foreign Affairs and became director of the Miller Center of Public Affairs, a position he held until 1998.","During his tenure at the Miller Center, Thompson played a central role in shaping the institution's mission and programs, including the development of the Presidential Oral History Program, the Forum Program, and a series of bipartisan national commissions addressing issues such as presidential disability and the federal judicial selection process. His leadership contributed significantly to the study of the American presidency, public policy, and political history at the University of Virginia.","Thompson authored and edited numerous works on international relations, foreign policy, and political thought, and was a key figure in sustaining and advancing classical realist tradition in the twentieth century. His scholarship emphasized the importance of historical context, moral complexity, and the balance of power in international affairs.","This is the second half of this collection. You can find a guide to the first half of the collection at this web address: https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=uva-sc/viu03323.xml","The Kenneth W. Thompson Papers document the professional activities of Kenneth W. Thompson, particularly his tenure as director of the Miller Center of Public Affairs from 1978 to 1998. The collection consists primarly of correspondence, along with writings and materials related to conferences, lectures, and institutional planning.","The Correspondence series, which comprises the majority of the collection, includes exchanges with prominent political figures and scholars such as Henry Kissinger, Richard Nixon, Condoleezza Rice, and David Rockefeller. These materials reflect Thompson's role in fostering dialogue on political thought, ethics, and public policy.","Additional materials include newspaper and magazine clippings, annual meeting files, lecture and conference materials, addresses, invitations, and institutional documents such as the Miller Center's Ten Year Plan and Executive Summary.","The collection is organized into two series: Correspondence and Writings and Professional Activities, and dates from 1972 to 1999.","Because of the assembled nature of this collection, copyright status varies across the collection. You are free to use materials in the collection in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s).","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Kenneth W. Thompson Papers, 1972/1999"],"collection_ssim":["Kenneth W. Thompson Papers, 1972/1999"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 12788-a","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1884"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 12788-a","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1884"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"creators_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"access_terms_ssm":["Because of the assembled nature of this collection, copyright status varies across the collection. You are free to use materials in the collection in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s)."],"access_subjects_ssim":["University of Virginia -- Miller Center of Public Affairs","University of Virginia -- Faculty"],"access_subjects_ssm":["University of Virginia -- Miller Center of Public Affairs","University of Virginia -- Faculty"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["53 Cubic Feet 53 record cartons"],"extent_tesim":["53 Cubic Feet 53 record cartons"],"date_range_isim":[1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open for access with the following exceptions:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThis collection is housed at Ivy Stacks, an off-site storage facility. Requests for materials housed at Ivy Stacks require at least 72 hours' notice.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOriginal digital media (floppy disks, zip disks, thumb drives,) and other AV media formats such as LPs, audiocassettes, videotapes, reel-to-reel, DVD etc.) cannot be handled directly by patrons. Appointments must be made to request these items. In most cases, materials must be reformatted before they can be accessed, sometimes at the researcher's expense. Please use our online reference request form (https://small.library.virginia.edu/services/reference-request) to request access to these materials or for further information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMaterial pertaining to individual student records may be restricted in accordance with the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA). Please contact the Archives with specific questions regarding access to such records.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open for access with the following exceptions:","This collection is housed at Ivy Stacks, an off-site storage facility. Requests for materials housed at Ivy Stacks require at least 72 hours' notice.","Original digital media (floppy disks, zip disks, thumb drives,) and other AV media formats such as LPs, audiocassettes, videotapes, reel-to-reel, DVD etc.) cannot be handled directly by patrons. Appointments must be made to request these items. In most cases, materials must be reformatted before they can be accessed, sometimes at the researcher's expense. Please use our online reference request form (https://small.library.virginia.edu/services/reference-request) to request access to these materials or for further information.","Material pertaining to individual student records may be restricted in accordance with the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA). Please contact the Archives with specific questions regarding access to such records."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eKenneth Thompson (August 29, 1921 - February 2, 2013) was an American political scientist, author, and scholar of international relations known for his contributions to normative theory and the tradition of political realism. He received his Ph.D. in political science from the University of Chicago in 1950, where he studied under Hans J. Morgenthau, and subsequently held teaching positions at the University of Chicago and Northwestern University.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrom 1955 to 1975, Thompson worked in international education and philanthropy, serving as vice president for international programs at the Rockefeller Foundation. He joined the faculty of the University of Virginia in 1975 as Commonwealth Professor of Government and Foreign Affairs and became director of the Miller Center of Public Affairs, a position he held until 1998.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring his tenure at the Miller Center, Thompson played a central role in shaping the institution's mission and programs, including the development of the Presidential Oral History Program, the Forum Program, and a series of bipartisan national commissions addressing issues such as presidential disability and the federal judicial selection process. His leadership contributed significantly to the study of the American presidency, public policy, and political history at the University of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThompson authored and edited numerous works on international relations, foreign policy, and political thought, and was a key figure in sustaining and advancing classical realist tradition in the twentieth century. His scholarship emphasized the importance of historical context, moral complexity, and the balance of power in international affairs.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Kenneth Thompson (August 29, 1921 - February 2, 2013) was an American political scientist, author, and scholar of international relations known for his contributions to normative theory and the tradition of political realism. He received his Ph.D. in political science from the University of Chicago in 1950, where he studied under Hans J. Morgenthau, and subsequently held teaching positions at the University of Chicago and Northwestern University.","From 1955 to 1975, Thompson worked in international education and philanthropy, serving as vice president for international programs at the Rockefeller Foundation. He joined the faculty of the University of Virginia in 1975 as Commonwealth Professor of Government and Foreign Affairs and became director of the Miller Center of Public Affairs, a position he held until 1998.","During his tenure at the Miller Center, Thompson played a central role in shaping the institution's mission and programs, including the development of the Presidential Oral History Program, the Forum Program, and a series of bipartisan national commissions addressing issues such as presidential disability and the federal judicial selection process. His leadership contributed significantly to the study of the American presidency, public policy, and political history at the University of Virginia.","Thompson authored and edited numerous works on international relations, foreign policy, and political thought, and was a key figure in sustaining and advancing classical realist tradition in the twentieth century. His scholarship emphasized the importance of historical context, moral complexity, and the balance of power in international affairs."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS12788-a, Kenneth W. Thompson Papers, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS12788-a, Kenneth W. Thompson Papers, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis is the second half of this collection. You can find a guide to the first half of the collection at this web address: https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=uva-sc/viu03323.xml\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["This is the second half of this collection. You can find a guide to the first half of the collection at this web address: https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=uva-sc/viu03323.xml"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Kenneth W. Thompson Papers document the professional activities of Kenneth W. Thompson, particularly his tenure as director of the Miller Center of Public Affairs from 1978 to 1998. The collection consists primarly of correspondence, along with writings and materials related to conferences, lectures, and institutional planning.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Correspondence series, which comprises the majority of the collection, includes exchanges with prominent political figures and scholars such as Henry Kissinger, Richard Nixon, Condoleezza Rice, and David Rockefeller. These materials reflect Thompson's role in fostering dialogue on political thought, ethics, and public policy.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAdditional materials include newspaper and magazine clippings, annual meeting files, lecture and conference materials, addresses, invitations, and institutional documents such as the Miller Center's Ten Year Plan and Executive Summary.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe collection is organized into two series: Correspondence and Writings and Professional Activities, and dates from 1972 to 1999. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Kenneth W. Thompson Papers document the professional activities of Kenneth W. Thompson, particularly his tenure as director of the Miller Center of Public Affairs from 1978 to 1998. The collection consists primarly of correspondence, along with writings and materials related to conferences, lectures, and institutional planning.","The Correspondence series, which comprises the majority of the collection, includes exchanges with prominent political figures and scholars such as Henry Kissinger, Richard Nixon, Condoleezza Rice, and David Rockefeller. These materials reflect Thompson's role in fostering dialogue on political thought, ethics, and public policy.","Additional materials include newspaper and magazine clippings, annual meeting files, lecture and conference materials, addresses, invitations, and institutional documents such as the Miller Center's Ten Year Plan and Executive Summary.","The collection is organized into two series: Correspondence and Writings and Professional Activities, and dates from 1972 to 1999."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBecause of the assembled nature of this collection, copyright status varies across the collection. You are free to use materials in the collection in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Because of the assembled nature of this collection, copyright status varies across the collection. You are free to use materials in the collection in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s)."],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":68,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:53:58.310Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1884_c02_c06"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_4_resources_87_c03_c06","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Ad Hoc Advisory Committee Meeting-Transcript and Report, 1974","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_4_resources_87_c03_c06#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viu_repositories_4_resources_87_c03_c06","ref_ssm":["viu_repositories_4_resources_87_c03_c06"],"id":"viu_repositories_4_resources_87_c03_c06","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_4_resources_87","_root_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_87","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_87_c03","parent_ssi":"viu_repositories_4_resources_87_c03","parent_ssim":["Dalkon Shield Claimants Trust papers, 1938/2000, bulk 1970/1998","Series III: U.S. Food and Drug Administration Investigation of the Dalkon Shield"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viu_repositories_4_resources_87","viu_repositories_4_resources_87_c03"],"title_filing_ssi":"Ad Hoc Advisory Committee Meeting-Transcript and Report","title_ssm":["Ad Hoc Advisory Committee Meeting-Transcript and Report"],"title_tesim":["Ad Hoc Advisory Committee Meeting-Transcript and Report"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Ad Hoc Advisory Committee Meeting-Transcript and Report, 1974"],"text":["Ad Hoc Advisory Committee Meeting-Transcript and Report, 1974","Dalkon Shield Claimants Trust papers, 1938/2000, bulk 1970/1998","Series III: U.S. Food and Drug Administration Investigation of the Dalkon Shield","box MSS 00-04, S3, Box 3","S is series"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Dalkon Shield Claimants Trust papers, 1938/2000, bulk 1970/1998","Series III: U.S. Food and Drug Administration Investigation of the Dalkon Shield"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Dalkon Shield Claimants Trust papers, 1938/2000, bulk 1970/1998","Series III: U.S. Food and Drug Administration Investigation of the Dalkon Shield"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1974"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1974 October 29-30"],"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"component_level_isim":[2],"sort_isi":133,"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"collection_ssim":["Dalkon Shield Claimants Trust papers, 1938/2000, bulk 1970/1998"],"containers_ssim":["box MSS 00-04, S3, Box 3"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The Dalkon Shield Claimants Trust Collection was transferred to the University of Virginia Law Library by order of the US Bankruptcy Court for the Eastern District of Virginia in September 2000. Under that order, Series I through V are open for research with no restrictions. The Court imposed the following access restrictions for the materials in Series VI (the Trust's Central Records Library and Outside Counsel Files):","\"5.01 Preservation of Claimants' Privacy. No Identifying Information, or any document or record within the Trust Materials containing Identifying information, relating to any Personal Injury Claimant --- or Other Claimant --- may be disclosed at any time, without written consent of the relevant Personal Injury Claimant or Other Claimant, or an Order by the Court allowing such disclosure.\"","The Court defined \"Identifying Information\" as the following:","\"Identifying Information\" means a person or entity's name, address, telephone number, facsimile number, email address, and any unique identifier including but not limited to a social security number, tax identification number, passport number, and military identification number.\"","Requests for material in Series VI should be made in advance to allow Special Collections staff time to determine whether it contains identifying information, and to allow for the redaction of such information before permitting access. Copying documents in Series VI may be restricted, and advance consideration of such requests is required."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Multiple individuals and corporate bodies created the materials in the Dalkon Shield Claimants Trust collection and copyright status varies across the collection.","Any rights (including copyright and related rights to publicity and privacy) held by the Dalkon Shield Claimants Trust (DSCT) were transferred to the University of Virginia in 2000 by the United States Bankruptcy Court for the Eastern District of Virginia, Richmond Division. Permission to publish or reproduce materials created by the DSCT must be secured from the University of Virginia.","Other materials may be protected by copyright and/or related rights. The University of Virginia is not authorized to grant permission to publish or reproduce these items."],"date_range_isim":[1974],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eS is series\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["S is series"],"_nest_path_":"/components#2/components#5","timestamp":"2026-08-15T00:04:49.439Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_4_resources_87","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_4_resources_87","_root_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_87","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_87","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_4_resources_87.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/135443","title_ssm":["Dalkon Shield Claimants Trust papers"],"title_tesim":["Dalkon Shield Claimants Trust papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1938-2000","1970-1998"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1938-2000"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1970-1998"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1938/2000, bulk 1970/1998"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Dalkon Shield Claimants Trust papers, 1938/2000, bulk 1970/1998"],"text":["Dalkon Shield Claimants Trust papers, 1938/2000, bulk 1970/1998","MSS.2000.4","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/87","Dalkon Shield (Intrauterine contraceptive)","Product liablitlity -- Intrauterine contraceptives","Tort liability of corporations","videotapes","Microfilms","The Dalkon Shield Claimants Trust Collection was transferred to the University of Virginia Law Library by order of the US Bankruptcy Court for the Eastern District of Virginia in September 2000. Under that order, Series I through V are open for research with no restrictions. The Court imposed the following access restrictions for the materials in Series VI (the Trust's Central Records Library and Outside Counsel Files):","\"5.01 Preservation of Claimants' Privacy. No Identifying Information, or any document or record within the Trust Materials containing Identifying information, relating to any Personal Injury Claimant --- or Other Claimant --- may be disclosed at any time, without written consent of the relevant Personal Injury Claimant or Other Claimant, or an Order by the Court allowing such disclosure.\"","The Court defined \"Identifying Information\" as the following:","\"Identifying Information\" means a person or entity's name, address, telephone number, facsimile number, email address, and any unique identifier including but not limited to a social security number, tax identification number, passport number, and military identification number.\"","Requests for material in Series VI should be made in advance to allow Special Collections staff time to determine whether it contains identifying information, and to allow for the redaction of such information before permitting access. Copying documents in Series VI may be restricted, and advance consideration of such requests is required.","The collection is arranged in six series:","Series I. A.H. Robins (AHR) Company Documents","Series II. A.H. Robins Litigation Documents","Series III. US Food and Drug Administration investigation of the Dalkon Shield.","Series IV. News Materials Concerning Dalkon Shield","Series V. Bankruptcy Documents - In re A.H. Robins; Case No. 85-01307-R","Series VI. Dalkon Shield Claimants Trust Central Records Library","I. Introduction","The history of the Dalkon Shield spans more than thirty years and is charged with controversy at every turn. Many legal scholars and journalists have written on the subject. What follows is a very brief overview of the Shield from its creation and marketing, through tort litigation and bankruptcy, to the trust settlement of more than 200,000 claims in just over ten years.","II. Production and Sale of the Dalkon Shield, 1968-1974 \n  \nThe Dalkon Shield, a contraceptive intrauterine device (IUD), was invented in the late 1960s at a time when women and their physicians were looking for a safe and simple alternative to the birth control pill. This particular model of IUD was the creation of Dr. Hugh Davis, a professor of gynecology at Johns Hopkins University Medical School, and Irwin S. Lerner, an engineer and inventor. Davis, who for several years had been testing other IUDs on patients at a family planning clinic, began to test his own device there in 1968. Davis, Lerner, and a lawyer, Robert E. Cohn, partners in a pharmaceutical laboratory, named the new IUD the Dalkon Shield. The word \"Dalkon\" apparently came from letters of the partners' last names, and \"Shield,\" from the shape of the device. By 1970, in hopes of wider marketing, they looked for a purchaser of the Shield and found the A.H. Robins Company in Richmond, Virginia.","A.H. Robins (AHR), a family-run pharmaceutical company more than a hundred years old, was, by the late 1960s, the well-respected manufacturer of popular, over-the-counter products such as Robitussin cough medicines, Chapstick lip balm, Sergeants Flea \u0026 Tick Collars, and Dimetapp cold remedies. AHR purchased the Dalkon Shield in June of 1970 and began production in early 1971. Thanks to a vigorous sales campaign, the Shield sold well in the U.S. and abroad. Within four years, 3.6 million Dalkon Shields had been used by women worldwide.","III. Dalkon Shield Litigation, 1974-1985","By 1972, physicians began reporting problems with the Dalkon Shield. Besides the fact that the device had a higher failure rate as a contraceptive than Dr. Davis and AHR had touted, some users of the Shield were suffering other health complications, the most serious being spontaneous septic abortion. In the spring of 1973 two women who had become pregnant while using the Shield died of severe infection.","As early as 1971 an AHR employee had discovered that the multifilament material used for the tail string of the Shield was capable of serving as a wick and, thus, of introducing bacteria from outside the body into the sterile environment of the uterus. In the summer of 1974, when the Food and Drug Administration held hearings on IUDs and septic abortion, AHR argued that the Dalkon Shield posed no more risk that other devices, but a physician reported that his research indicated the Shield's tail string was capable of wicking bacteria. That summer, AHR suspended domestic sales of the Dalkon Shield. By the time foreign sales were suspended some months later, fifteen Shield users had died of septic abortions; 245 other women had suffered septic abortions and survived. Other problems Shield users reported included severe cramping and bleeding, ectopic pregnancies, birth defects in children carried to term, and pelvic inflammatory disease. Some complications led to sterility.","In late 1974, the first lawsuit against AHR began in a Kansas court. The plaintiff, Connie Deemer, had suffered a perforated uterus after becoming pregnant while using the Shield. The jury awarded a relatively small amount, $10,000, in compensatory damages, but awarded $75,000 in punitive damages. Over the next six years AHR often settled cases out of court and prevailed about half the time at trial, but by 1980, when hundreds of new claims were being filed, the company was faced with punitive damages and settlements of high six- or seven-figures. Both plaintiff groups and AHR had made attempts to consolidate this litigation, but the only success in this regard was for pre-trial hearings for federal cases before the Judicial Panel on Multi-district Litigation.","In 1980, AHR sent a letter to about 200,000 physicians suggesting they remove the Shield from any women who had been using it for more than three years. In the fall of 1984, with about 3,500 claims yet to settle, the company sent another letter to doctors offering to pay for removal of the Shield from any women still using it. More claims poured in. The following spring, another Kansas jury awarded $1.75 million in compensatory damages and $7.5 million in punitive damages to Loretta Tetuan, a childless young woman whose Dalkon Shield injuries had led to a hysterectomy. Faced with more than 5,000 unresolved claims, AHR filed on August 21, 1985, for federal bankruptcy protection.","IV. Bankruptcy Proceedings, 1985-1989 \n  \nPresiding over the AHR bankruptcy case were U.S. District Judge Robert R. Merhige, Jr., and Bankruptcy Judge Blackwell N. Shelley. In late fall 1985, Merhige ordered a worldwide notification via newspaper and television for all persons claiming injury from the Shield to file claims with the court by April 1986. By that date the court had received over 300,000 claims from the U.S. and abroad. The court then mailed a questionnaire to claimants, to be returned by summer of 1987. After that deadline the claims numbered 197,000.","AHR, assuming that just a few thousand outstanding claims remained, had entered bankruptcy hoping that after reorganization the company could settle its obligations with claimants and resume operations as before. However, the number of claims filed in 1986 led to an effort to locate a company which could pay off these claims in exchange for ownership of the business. Simultaneously, work began to determine a fair value of the outstanding claims. The judges appointed an examiner, Ralph Mabey, to oversee the management of AHR and to assist in handling the difficult negotiations in this complex bankruptcy and mass tort settlement. The largest group of creditors consisted of claimants represented by a number of plaintiffs' attorneys. Other creditors included banks and businesses, as well as AHR shareholders. Once bidding for the company began, potential purchasers also became involved in the settlement negotiations.","The court appointed Francis E. McGovern, a law professor who specialized in mass torts, to examine and report on a sample of resolved cases, as well as a sample of outstanding claims, so that other experts could determine the extent of AHR's liability. The experts' estimates ranged from $1.2 to $7 billion. After hearing their reports in late 1987, Merhige estimated AHR's liability to be $2.475 billion. In early 1988, American Home Products (AHP), a large manufacturer of health care products, agreed to put up about $2.3 billion to fund the Dalkon Shield Claimants Trust and in the process acquire the A.H. Robins Company. The remainder of the fund came from other sources, including Aetna, which insured AHR, and the Robins family. In addition, AHP paid $700 million to AHR shareholders, of which over $300 million went to the Robins family.","As soon as this deal was struck, five trustees were appointed to commence the work of the Trust. By spring 1988, AHR's Sixth Amended and Restated Disclosure Statement for its reorganization was mailed to claimants and other parties for approval. After approval by the requisite majority of claimants and other creditors, and after a hearing on July 28, 1988, Judge Merhige confirmed the plan. Some claimants opposed the plan, however, and a long appeal process began. The U.S. Supreme Court denied petitions for review in November 1989, and the following month the reorganization plan was consummated.","V. Dalkon Shield Claimants Trust, 1989-2001Administration\n  \nThe Dalkon Shield Claimants Trust, located in Richmond, Virginia, began work under the direction of five trustees appointed in mid-January 1988, and an executive director hired that August. Even before consummation, the plan provided for a start-up fund of $100 million. Consequently, in the fall of 1988 the Trust was able to offer claimants the first and simplest of several options. Under Option 1, a woman merely had to sign an affidavit affirming injury from the Dalkon Shield, and she would be paid $725. If her husband or injured child chose, he (or she) could also file under this option and receive $300. During the pre-consummation period the Trust could also pay liquidated claims. By the time the Disclosure Statement was consummated in December, the Trust had settled 85,000 Option 1 claims for about $60 million.","The Disclosure Statement laid out the basic principles under which the Trust was to operate. The purpose of the Claims Resolution Facility (CRF) was to \"provide all persons full payment of valid claims at the earliest possible time consistent with the efficient design and implementation of the claims resolution facility. This purpose [was] to be achieved by (1) providing an efficient economical mechanism for liquidating claims which [favored] settlement over arbitration and litigation, thereby reducing transaction costs, (2) providing claimants with an attractive alternative to trial by jury where settlement [was] not achieved, (3) providing fair and equitable compensation based upon historic values . . . to persons injured by the Dalkon Shield.\"","The Trust's responsibility was to the claimants as a collective whole, and all claimants were to be treated equally and fairly. Also the Trust was non-reversionary, which is to say that any funds remaining at the end would not revert to AHP, but instead would be distributed among the claimants. Nor would the Trust award punitive damages to certain claimants, as in tort litigation, but instead would pay out whatever funds remained at the end on a pro rata basis to all claimants with documented injuries. One of the most important purposes of the plan was to establish \"global peace.\" That is, the plan stipulated that any and all claims involving the Dalkon Shield would be resolved once and for all by the Trust, and therefore AHR, its purchaser AHP, Aetna, doctors, clinics, and hospitals would no longer be liable for Dalkon Shield injuries.","The plan also provided general guidelines for evaluating claims. For example, both represented and unrepresented claimants were to be treated equally and without regard to where they might sue on their claims. In addition, the plan outlined the injuries for which claimants would be compensated. Subsequently, the Trust devised an elaborate review process for the most serious injuries, insuring as nearly as possible the fair and consistent treatment of every claim. Furthermore, the Trust's offers would be \"best and final,\" and not subject to negotiation before litigation. If claimants were dissatisfied with their offers, they were encouraged to choose from several methods of settlement in order to avoid a costly trial.","The CRF laid out four claims options. Option 1, described above, was ultimately chosen by 133,000 users and their relatives. Option 2 was for claimants who had proof of Shield use as well as proof of injury, but no documentation of a connection between the two. Relatively few claimants (18,000) chose this option, which paid between $850 and $5,500 in fixed allotments based upon type of injury. Option 3 was the category where the most money was paid and the most thorough documentation of injury was required. Here the claimant had to produce medical records showing that her use of the Shield was the direct cause of her documented injuries. Payments in this category went as high as $4 million, although the average was $31,000. Each case was carefully evaluated, and the award was assigned based upon the nature of the individual's circumstances. About 47,000 claimants chose Option 3. Finally, Option 4 allowed claimants to defer their choice if they were not yet certain of the extent of their injuries. Spouses as well as injured children could file their own claims in any of the three categories based upon the nature of the user's injury and medical records.","During the bankruptcy proceedings, efforts were made to notify all claimants worldwide and get them to submit their claims during 1986. However, late claims came in, and the court and the Trust ultimately honored legitimate claims filed between the April 1986 deadline and September 1989. A class action suit filed against Aetna for its alleged compliance in AHR's liability was settled by establishing a fund to pay late claims. Named the Breland Insurance Trust (BIT) (Glenda Breland was the first-named claimant in the class action), this fund was created from the proceeds of two $50 million insurance policies and was intended first to supplement the Trust if necessary. But if that were not necessary, the BIT would be used to pay late claimants and persons whose claims had been reinstated after initially being disallowed. The BIT began making payments in 1994 when it became clear that the Trust had ample funds. The Breland claims were handled exactly like Trust claims, but dissatisfied Breland claimants were not allowed to take their settlements to litigation.","A second smaller trust, called the Other Claimants Trust, was established with $5 million from the Robins family and $45 million from the sale of AHR. The purpose of the OTR was to cover the financial losses of doctors, hospitals, and clinics as a result of their involvement with the Dalkon Shield.","As soon as the Trust was fully funded at the end of 1989, work began to determine values for Option 3 claims. Trustees and Trust staff, statisticians, and a few plaintiffs' lawyers worked for months examining settlements and awards AHR had paid, as well as the data about the nature of outstanding claims that had been captured in the McGovern survey. Keeping an eye always on the total amount of the Trust's assets, this working group eventually set values on every foreseeable type of injury. Their work was then evaluated by a group of plaintiffs' attorneys who had handled large numbers of Dalkon Shield suits before bankruptcy. The process of establishing evaluation guidelines for Option 3 claims took more than a year.","Meanwhile claimants were sent packets informing them of the details of Options 2 and 3. Great care was taken to explain the process clearly so that it would not be necessary for claimants to hire an attorney unless they chose to do so. The Trust hired staff to assist claimants in filing claims and to secure medical records for them if their own efforts were fruitless. Another team of staff members checked the claims to be sure they were complete before sending them to reviewers. The Trust hired novices in the claims review process and gave them sixteen weeks of intensive training in evaluating gynecological injuries before they began work. After a value was placed on a claim, a supervisor reviewed the file again before the offer was mailed to the claimant.","For the most part claims were evaluated in the order in which documentation reached completion. Higher priority, however, was afforded the claimants whose suits had been frozen when AHR declared bankruptcy, and those who had participated in the McGovern survey. In addition, claimants with critical health issues were given priority. Couples who were rendered childless because of the Shield could apply right away for funds for in vitro fertilization.","Once a claimant received her settlement offer, which was \"best and final,\" she had to decide whether to accept or reject it. If she was not pleased with the amount and wanted to go to arbitration or litigation, the Trust required her to attend a settlement conference first. There she could discuss her claim with a Trust representative, who would explain how the Trust had reached the figure offered. At this time the claimant was allowed to present new medical evidence that had not been available when she filed her claim. If new documentation was offered, the Trust would re-evaluate her claim. Otherwise, the Trust stood by the original amount offered. If the claimant remained dissatisfied, she could choose to proceed to arbitration or litigation. Another choice was Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR), a relatively simple and speedy form of arbitration.","The ADR process opened in April of 1993 with an award cap of $10,000. When the cap was raised to $20,000 five months later, ADR became popular with claimants dissatisfied with the Trust's offer. In the end, 6,600 chose ADR. A smaller number chose to go to formal arbitration, and fewer still chose litigation. Because the Trust was committed to keeping costs as low as possible, every effort was made to avoid expensive trials. Of the 47,000 claims that were settled under Option 3, 41,000 were accepted; about 6,000 of them were resolved in ADR; 70 in arbitration; and only 90 went to trial.","Although it was necessary for the CRF to allow settlement by these more traditional tort means, by far the majority of claimants worked directly with the Trust, without aid of an attorney, and accepted the Trust's offer. Those who had legal assistance received slightly larger awards on average, but they then had to pay their attorney's fees out of the award.","By 1995 it became clear that more than enough funds were left to cover the remaining claims. Furthermore, the Trust's investments had earned $800 million and at that point administrative costs were running $200 million lower than had been anticipated. So in that year the Trust made the first of a half-dozen pro rata payments. Claimants who had been paid more than $725 under Option 2 or 3 were eligible for pro rata payments. By the time the Trust closed in the summer of 2001, pro rata payments had totaled about $1.5 billion, and eligible claimants had been paid just over 100% above their initial settlement amounts. By December 1996, 97% of the claims had been settled. The Trust began reducing its staff, and those who remained took care of the small portion of claims that were being appealed.","Legal Department. When the Trust was opened in 1989, staff was hired to handle the anticipated legal issues. General Counsel, Linda Thomason, was assisted by a team of in-house lawyers as well as attorneys in other parts of the country where claims were contested. At the outset the Trust also hired, as outside counsel, Michael W. Smith and Orran L. Brown with the Richmond law firm of Christian, Barton, Epps, Brent \u0026 Chappell. Eventually Brown carried on alone in that position, and in the spring of 1993 he established his office in the building where the Trust was located. His principal duties were to interpret the Reorganization Plan and handle injunction enforcement issues on the Trust's behalf. Some of the major interpretation issues included whether claimants could sue for punitive damages and attorney's fees, whether pre- or post-judgment interest would be allowed, whether the Plan forced the Trust to concede product liability, and whether the list of injuries in the CRF could be taken as an admission that such injuries were caused by the Dalkon Shield.","The Reorganization Plan discharged A.H. Robins, and all persons connected with it, as well as American Home Products, of any liability for tort or other claims relating to the Dalkon Shield. The Plan also enjoined claimants from bringing suit against these corporations and persons, or against hospitals, clinics, or physicians. When claimants did attempt such suits, the Trust moved to enforce the injunction.","In 1991 the Trust filed a motion with the district court for an order to establish guidelines for arbitration and litigation. Amended Administrative Order Number One set parameters for discovery, and it directed that a document depository be established and made accessible to claimants. The order provided a system to insure that claimants who chose arbitration and litigation followed a prescribed procedure, and it reiterated the CRF's disallowance of trebled, exemplary or punitive damages, or attorney's fees.","The purpose of the Trust, as stated in the CRF, was to provide \"an efficient economical mechanism for liquidating claims which [favored] settlement over arbitration and litigation\" and to provide \"an attractive alternative to trial by jury where settlement [was] not achieved.\" Once a settlement offer was made, the Trust was willing to discuss the evaluation in a settlement conference but it refused to negotiate. Many claimants dissatisfied with their offers went to ADR. Others choose the more costly options of arbitration or trial in hopes of receiving a much higher award. At this point the playing field changed, and Trust no longer waived various defenses. For example, if the statute of limitations had run out before she filed her claim, the Trust employed that defense. In other words, the Trust did all it could to discourage claimants from choosing expensive methods of resolving disputes, adhering to the principle that if all claims were settled equally and efficiently, there would be a greater amount to be shared among all.","Two decisions of the Trustees aided the settlement process. Raising the cap on ADR awards from $10,000 to $20,000 in 1993 made this process very popular with claimants. Two years later when the pro rata payments commenced for those with offers higher than $725, many claimants who were initially dissatisfied realized their awards would ultimately be more generous than they had thought.","Many legal issues required judicial intervention during the course of the Trust's existence. One controversial issue concerned the Trust's holdback policy. In a case where a claimant was awarded a higher amount in litigation, the Trust reserved the right, upheld by the court, to defer paying the difference between the trial award and the original offer until there was assurance that all claims could be paid. Often when claimants brought their cases in state court, the Trust attempted to have them removed to federal court. There were many questions surrounding how ADR and arbitration would be handled. One case regarding burden of proof in ADR,Reichel v. Dalkon Shield Claimants Trust, was decided in the Trust's favor by the district court but partially overturned by the Fourth Circuit, which said that the claimant only had to provide a \"presumption of causation.\" Plaintiffs were unsuccessful in getting this ruling to apply to arbitration and litigation.","In 1995 when the Trust began making pro rata payments, Judge Merhige on his own initiative issued an order limiting claimants' attorneys from recovering more that ten percent from those payments. One impetus for this ruling was complaints he had heard through the years from claimants whose attorneys had received a large percentage of their initial awards as contingent fees. The judge also knew that since pro rata payments would be made in cases that had been settled, little or no additional work was required of the attorneys. However, this order provoked protest from the plaintiffs' bar, and a group of twenty-nine lawyers appealed the order. The Fourth Circuit, calling \"this litigation and appeal . . . wonderful examples of chutzpah,\" affirmed Judge Merhige's order.","Although Brown spent about ten years representing the Trust, and some of the cases stretched over many of those years, the legal costs were ultimately lower than anticipated. While a couple hundred cases were filed, in the end only about ninety went to trial. Nonetheless, the legal issues and claims that were litigated required the attention of the legal department for about five years after the vast majority of the claims were settled. Pro rata distributions from the remainder of the Trust were issued over time as the number of unresolved cases diminished.","VI. Conclusion \n  \nThe Disclosure Statement had given the Trust twenty years to settle 197,000 claims. With the allowance of late claims, the Trust ultimately paid a little over 218,000 claims and settled the vast majority of them in only seven years. Although the Trust operated particularly cautiously at the outset in order to be sure all claimants could be paid fairly, this extreme care worked to the benefit of the claimants in the end. Thanks in large part to the Trust's diligence, caution, and wise investments, the most seriously injured claimants saw their awards doubled. In terms of fairness and efficiency, the Dalkon Shield Claimants Trust achieved, in the opinion of many, the most successful resolution of a mass tort case in the twentieth century.","The Dalkon Shield Claimants Trust Collection, 1968-2000 (bulk 1970-1998), documents the history of the Dalkon Shield, the intrauterine contraceptive device (IUD) manufactured and sold by the A.H. Robins Company, from purchase of the device in 1970 through tort litigation and bankruptcy settlement in 1988. The collections includes litigation material, Food and Drug Administrations documents related to its investigation of the device, A.H. Robins bankruptcy files, and samples of the IUD. The collection also documents the establishment and ten-year history of the Dalkon Shield Claimants Trust, which paid out almost $3 billion to over 218,000 claimants. Closing in 2000, this trust achieved the most successful resolution of a mass tort case during the twentieth century.","Multiple individuals and corporate bodies created the materials in the Dalkon Shield Claimants Trust collection and copyright status varies across the collection.","Any rights (including copyright and related rights to publicity and privacy) held by the Dalkon Shield Claimants Trust (DSCT) were transferred to the University of Virginia in 2000 by the United States Bankruptcy Court for the Eastern District of Virginia, Richmond Division. Permission to publish or reproduce materials created by the DSCT must be secured from the University of Virginia.","Other materials may be protected by copyright and/or related rights. The University of Virginia is not authorized to grant permission to publish or reproduce these items.","Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","Dalkon Shield Claimants Trust","A.H. Robins Company","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Dalkon Shield Claimants Trust papers, 1938/2000, bulk 1970/1998"],"collection_ssim":["Dalkon Shield Claimants Trust papers, 1938/2000, bulk 1970/1998"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS.2000.4","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/87"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS.2000.4","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/87"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_ssm":["Dalkon Shield Claimants Trust"],"creator_ssim":["Dalkon Shield Claimants Trust"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","Dalkon Shield Claimants Trust","A.H. Robins Company"],"creators_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","Dalkon Shield Claimants Trust","A.H. Robins Company"],"access_terms_ssm":["Multiple individuals and corporate bodies created the materials in the Dalkon Shield Claimants Trust collection and copyright status varies across the collection.","Any rights (including copyright and related rights to publicity and privacy) held by the Dalkon Shield Claimants Trust (DSCT) were transferred to the University of Virginia in 2000 by the United States Bankruptcy Court for the Eastern District of Virginia, Richmond Division. Permission to publish or reproduce materials created by the DSCT must be secured from the University of Virginia.","Other materials may be protected by copyright and/or related rights. The University of Virginia is not authorized to grant permission to publish or reproduce these items."],"acqinfo_ssim":["In September 2000, the Dalkon Shield Claimants Trust Collection was transferred to the University of Virginia Law Library by an order of the US Bankruptcy Court for the Eastern District of Virginia. Staff at the Trust first contacted the Law Library about the collection six months before the Trust was terminated at the end of April 2000. The collection came to the library in several installments between the late fall of that year and early 2001. It is comprised of 408 boxes and cartons of documents, 3 volumes, 416 three-ring notebooks, 271 videotapes, for a total of 327.5 linear feet; 139 reels of microfilm, and approximately 7500 pieces of microfiche, or approximately 170,000 items."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Dalkon Shield (Intrauterine contraceptive)","Product liablitlity -- Intrauterine contraceptives","Tort liability of corporations","videotapes","Microfilms"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Dalkon Shield (Intrauterine contraceptive)","Product liablitlity -- Intrauterine contraceptives","Tort liability of corporations","videotapes","Microfilms"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["327.5  Linear Feet 408 boxes and cartons, 3 volumes, 271 videotapes, 416 three ring notebooks"],"extent_tesim":["327.5  Linear Feet 408 boxes and cartons, 3 volumes, 271 videotapes, 416 three ring notebooks"],"genreform_ssim":["videotapes","Microfilms"],"date_range_isim":[1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Dalkon Shield Claimants Trust Collection was transferred to the University of Virginia Law Library by order of the US Bankruptcy Court for the Eastern District of Virginia in September 2000. Under that order, Series I through V are open for research with no restrictions. The Court imposed the following access restrictions for the materials in Series VI (the Trust's Central Records Library and Outside Counsel Files):\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"5.01 Preservation of Claimants' Privacy. No Identifying Information, or any document or record within the Trust Materials containing Identifying information, relating to any Personal Injury Claimant --- or Other Claimant --- may be disclosed at any time, without written consent of the relevant Personal Injury Claimant or Other Claimant, or an Order by the Court allowing such disclosure.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Court defined \"Identifying Information\" as the following:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Identifying Information\" means a person or entity's name, address, telephone number, facsimile number, email address, and any unique identifier including but not limited to a social security number, tax identification number, passport number, and military identification number.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRequests for material in Series VI should be made in advance to allow Special Collections staff time to determine whether it contains identifying information, and to allow for the redaction of such information before permitting access. Copying documents in Series VI may be restricted, and advance consideration of such requests is required.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The Dalkon Shield Claimants Trust Collection was transferred to the University of Virginia Law Library by order of the US Bankruptcy Court for the Eastern District of Virginia in September 2000. Under that order, Series I through V are open for research with no restrictions. The Court imposed the following access restrictions for the materials in Series VI (the Trust's Central Records Library and Outside Counsel Files):","\"5.01 Preservation of Claimants' Privacy. No Identifying Information, or any document or record within the Trust Materials containing Identifying information, relating to any Personal Injury Claimant --- or Other Claimant --- may be disclosed at any time, without written consent of the relevant Personal Injury Claimant or Other Claimant, or an Order by the Court allowing such disclosure.\"","The Court defined \"Identifying Information\" as the following:","\"Identifying Information\" means a person or entity's name, address, telephone number, facsimile number, email address, and any unique identifier including but not limited to a social security number, tax identification number, passport number, and military identification number.\"","Requests for material in Series VI should be made in advance to allow Special Collections staff time to determine whether it contains identifying information, and to allow for the redaction of such information before permitting access. Copying documents in Series VI may be restricted, and advance consideration of such requests is required."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged in six series:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries I. A.H. Robins (AHR) Company Documents\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries II. A.H. Robins Litigation Documents\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries III. US Food and Drug Administration investigation of the Dalkon Shield. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries IV. News Materials Concerning Dalkon Shield\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries V. Bankruptcy Documents - In re A.H. Robins; Case No. 85-01307-R\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries VI. Dalkon Shield Claimants Trust Central Records Library\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged in six series:","Series I. A.H. Robins (AHR) Company Documents","Series II. A.H. Robins Litigation Documents","Series III. US Food and Drug Administration investigation of the Dalkon Shield.","Series IV. News Materials Concerning Dalkon Shield","Series V. Bankruptcy Documents - In re A.H. Robins; Case No. 85-01307-R","Series VI. Dalkon Shield Claimants Trust Central Records Library"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph\u003eI. Introduction\u003c/emph\u003e \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe history of the Dalkon Shield spans more than thirty years and is charged with controversy at every turn. Many legal scholars and journalists have written on the subject. What follows is a very brief overview of the Shield from its creation and marketing, through tort litigation and bankruptcy, to the trust settlement of more than 200,000 claims in just over ten years.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph\u003eII. Production and Sale of the Dalkon Shield, 1968-1974 \u003c/emph\u003e\n  \nThe Dalkon Shield, a contraceptive intrauterine device (IUD), was invented in the late 1960s at a time when women and their physicians were looking for a safe and simple alternative to the birth control pill. This particular model of IUD was the creation of Dr. Hugh Davis, a professor of gynecology at Johns Hopkins University Medical School, and Irwin S. Lerner, an engineer and inventor. Davis, who for several years had been testing other IUDs on patients at a family planning clinic, began to test his own device there in 1968. Davis, Lerner, and a lawyer, Robert E. Cohn, partners in a pharmaceutical laboratory, named the new IUD the Dalkon Shield. The word \"Dalkon\" apparently came from letters of the partners' last names, and \"Shield,\" from the shape of the device. By 1970, in hopes of wider marketing, they looked for a purchaser of the Shield and found the A.H. Robins Company in Richmond, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  A.H. Robins (AHR), a family-run pharmaceutical company more than a hundred years old, was, by the late 1960s, the well-respected manufacturer of popular, over-the-counter products such as Robitussin cough medicines, Chapstick lip balm, Sergeants Flea \u0026amp; Tick Collars, and Dimetapp cold remedies. AHR purchased the Dalkon Shield in June of 1970 and began production in early 1971. Thanks to a vigorous sales campaign, the Shield sold well in the U.S. and abroad. Within four years, 3.6 million Dalkon Shields had been used by women worldwide.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph\u003eIII. Dalkon Shield Litigation, 1974-1985\u003c/emph\u003e \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBy 1972, physicians began reporting problems with the Dalkon Shield. Besides the fact that the device had a higher failure rate as a contraceptive than Dr. Davis and AHR had touted, some users of the Shield were suffering other health complications, the most serious being spontaneous septic abortion. In the spring of 1973 two women who had become pregnant while using the Shield died of severe infection.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  As early as 1971 an AHR employee had discovered that the multifilament material used for the tail string of the Shield was capable of serving as a wick and, thus, of introducing bacteria from outside the body into the sterile environment of the uterus. In the summer of 1974, when the Food and Drug Administration held hearings on IUDs and septic abortion, AHR argued that the Dalkon Shield posed no more risk that other devices, but a physician reported that his research indicated the Shield's tail string was capable of wicking bacteria. That summer, AHR suspended domestic sales of the Dalkon Shield. By the time foreign sales were suspended some months later, fifteen Shield users had died of septic abortions; 245 other women had suffered septic abortions and survived. Other problems Shield users reported included severe cramping and bleeding, ectopic pregnancies, birth defects in children carried to term, and pelvic inflammatory disease. Some complications led to sterility.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  In late 1974, the first lawsuit against AHR began in a Kansas court. The plaintiff, Connie Deemer, had suffered a perforated uterus after becoming pregnant while using the Shield. The jury awarded a relatively small amount, $10,000, in compensatory damages, but awarded $75,000 in punitive damages. Over the next six years AHR often settled cases out of court and prevailed about half the time at trial, but by 1980, when hundreds of new claims were being filed, the company was faced with punitive damages and settlements of high six- or seven-figures. Both plaintiff groups and AHR had made attempts to consolidate this litigation, but the only success in this regard was for pre-trial hearings for federal cases before the Judicial Panel on Multi-district Litigation.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  In 1980, AHR sent a letter to about 200,000 physicians suggesting they remove the Shield from any women who had been using it for more than three years. In the fall of 1984, with about 3,500 claims yet to settle, the company sent another letter to doctors offering to pay for removal of the Shield from any women still using it. More claims poured in. The following spring, another Kansas jury awarded $1.75 million in compensatory damages and $7.5 million in punitive damages to Loretta Tetuan, a childless young woman whose Dalkon Shield injuries had led to a hysterectomy. Faced with more than 5,000 unresolved claims, AHR filed on August 21, 1985, for federal bankruptcy protection.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph\u003eIV. Bankruptcy Proceedings, 1985-1989\u003c/emph\u003e \n  \nPresiding over the AHR bankruptcy case were U.S. District Judge Robert R. Merhige, Jr., and Bankruptcy Judge Blackwell N. Shelley. In late fall 1985, Merhige ordered a worldwide notification via newspaper and television for all persons claiming injury from the Shield to file claims with the court by April 1986. By that date the court had received over 300,000 claims from the U.S. and abroad. The court then mailed a questionnaire to claimants, to be returned by summer of 1987. After that deadline the claims numbered 197,000.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  AHR, assuming that just a few thousand outstanding claims remained, had entered bankruptcy hoping that after reorganization the company could settle its obligations with claimants and resume operations as before. However, the number of claims filed in 1986 led to an effort to locate a company which could pay off these claims in exchange for ownership of the business. Simultaneously, work began to determine a fair value of the outstanding claims. The judges appointed an examiner, Ralph Mabey, to oversee the management of AHR and to assist in handling the difficult negotiations in this complex bankruptcy and mass tort settlement. The largest group of creditors consisted of claimants represented by a number of plaintiffs' attorneys. Other creditors included banks and businesses, as well as AHR shareholders. Once bidding for the company began, potential purchasers also became involved in the settlement negotiations.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  The court appointed Francis E. McGovern, a law professor who specialized in mass torts, to examine and report on a sample of resolved cases, as well as a sample of outstanding claims, so that other experts could determine the extent of AHR's liability. The experts' estimates ranged from $1.2 to $7 billion. After hearing their reports in late 1987, Merhige estimated AHR's liability to be $2.475 billion. In early 1988, American Home Products (AHP), a large manufacturer of health care products, agreed to put up about $2.3 billion to fund the Dalkon Shield Claimants Trust and in the process acquire the A.H. Robins Company. The remainder of the fund came from other sources, including Aetna, which insured AHR, and the Robins family. In addition, AHP paid $700 million to AHR shareholders, of which over $300 million went to the Robins family.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  As soon as this deal was struck, five trustees were appointed to commence the work of the Trust. By spring 1988, AHR's Sixth Amended and Restated Disclosure Statement for its reorganization was mailed to claimants and other parties for approval. After approval by the requisite majority of claimants and other creditors, and after a hearing on July 28, 1988, Judge Merhige confirmed the plan. Some claimants opposed the plan, however, and a long appeal process began. The U.S. Supreme Court denied petitions for review in November 1989, and the following month the reorganization plan was consummated.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph\u003eV. Dalkon Shield Claimants Trust, 1989-2001\u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003eAdministration\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/emph\u003e\n  \nThe Dalkon Shield Claimants Trust, located in Richmond, Virginia, began work under the direction of five trustees appointed in mid-January 1988, and an executive director hired that August. Even before consummation, the plan provided for a start-up fund of $100 million. Consequently, in the fall of 1988 the Trust was able to offer claimants the first and simplest of several options. Under Option 1, a woman merely had to sign an affidavit affirming injury from the Dalkon Shield, and she would be paid $725. If her husband or injured child chose, he (or she) could also file under this option and receive $300. During the pre-consummation period the Trust could also pay liquidated claims. By the time the Disclosure Statement was consummated in December, the Trust had settled 85,000 Option 1 claims for about $60 million.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  The Disclosure Statement laid out the basic principles under which the Trust was to operate. The purpose of the Claims Resolution Facility (CRF) was to \"provide all persons full payment of valid claims at the earliest possible time consistent with the efficient design and implementation of the claims resolution facility. This purpose [was] to be achieved by (1) providing an efficient economical mechanism for liquidating claims which [favored] settlement over arbitration and litigation, thereby reducing transaction costs, (2) providing claimants with an attractive alternative to trial by jury where settlement [was] not achieved, (3) providing fair and equitable compensation based upon historic values . . . to persons injured by the Dalkon Shield.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  The Trust's responsibility was to the claimants as a collective whole, and all claimants were to be treated equally and fairly. Also the Trust was non-reversionary, which is to say that any funds remaining at the end would not revert to AHP, but instead would be distributed among the claimants. Nor would the Trust award punitive damages to certain claimants, as in tort litigation, but instead would pay out whatever funds remained at the end on a pro rata basis to all claimants with documented injuries. One of the most important purposes of the plan was to establish \"global peace.\" That is, the plan stipulated that any and all claims involving the Dalkon Shield would be resolved once and for all by the Trust, and therefore AHR, its purchaser AHP, Aetna, doctors, clinics, and hospitals would no longer be liable for Dalkon Shield injuries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  The plan also provided general guidelines for evaluating claims. For example, both represented and unrepresented claimants were to be treated equally and without regard to where they might sue on their claims. In addition, the plan outlined the injuries for which claimants would be compensated. Subsequently, the Trust devised an elaborate review process for the most serious injuries, insuring as nearly as possible the fair and consistent treatment of every claim. Furthermore, the Trust's offers would be \"best and final,\" and not subject to negotiation before litigation. If claimants were dissatisfied with their offers, they were encouraged to choose from several methods of settlement in order to avoid a costly trial.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  The CRF laid out four claims options. Option 1, described above, was ultimately chosen by 133,000 users and their relatives. Option 2 was for claimants who had proof of Shield use as well as proof of injury, but no documentation of a connection between the two. Relatively few claimants (18,000) chose this option, which paid between $850 and $5,500 in fixed allotments based upon type of injury. Option 3 was the category where the most money was paid and the most thorough documentation of injury was required. Here the claimant had to produce medical records showing that her use of the Shield was the direct cause of her documented injuries. Payments in this category went as high as $4 million, although the average was $31,000. Each case was carefully evaluated, and the award was assigned based upon the nature of the individual's circumstances. About 47,000 claimants chose Option 3. Finally, Option 4 allowed claimants to defer their choice if they were not yet certain of the extent of their injuries. Spouses as well as injured children could file their own claims in any of the three categories based upon the nature of the user's injury and medical records.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  During the bankruptcy proceedings, efforts were made to notify all claimants worldwide and get them to submit their claims during 1986. However, late claims came in, and the court and the Trust ultimately honored legitimate claims filed between the April 1986 deadline and September 1989. A class action suit filed against Aetna for its alleged compliance in AHR's liability was settled by establishing a fund to pay late claims. Named the Breland Insurance Trust (BIT) (Glenda Breland was the first-named claimant in the class action), this fund was created from the proceeds of two $50 million insurance policies and was intended first to supplement the Trust if necessary. But if that were not necessary, the BIT would be used to pay late claimants and persons whose claims had been reinstated after initially being disallowed. The BIT began making payments in 1994 when it became clear that the Trust had ample funds. The Breland claims were handled exactly like Trust claims, but dissatisfied Breland claimants were not allowed to take their settlements to litigation.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  A second smaller trust, called the Other Claimants Trust, was established with $5 million from the Robins family and $45 million from the sale of AHR. The purpose of the OTR was to cover the financial losses of doctors, hospitals, and clinics as a result of their involvement with the Dalkon Shield.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  As soon as the Trust was fully funded at the end of 1989, work began to determine values for Option 3 claims. Trustees and Trust staff, statisticians, and a few plaintiffs' lawyers worked for months examining settlements and awards AHR had paid, as well as the data about the nature of outstanding claims that had been captured in the McGovern survey. Keeping an eye always on the total amount of the Trust's assets, this working group eventually set values on every foreseeable type of injury. Their work was then evaluated by a group of plaintiffs' attorneys who had handled large numbers of Dalkon Shield suits before bankruptcy. The process of establishing evaluation guidelines for Option 3 claims took more than a year.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  Meanwhile claimants were sent packets informing them of the details of Options 2 and 3. Great care was taken to explain the process clearly so that it would not be necessary for claimants to hire an attorney unless they chose to do so. The Trust hired staff to assist claimants in filing claims and to secure medical records for them if their own efforts were fruitless. Another team of staff members checked the claims to be sure they were complete before sending them to reviewers. The Trust hired novices in the claims review process and gave them sixteen weeks of intensive training in evaluating gynecological injuries before they began work. After a value was placed on a claim, a supervisor reviewed the file again before the offer was mailed to the claimant.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  For the most part claims were evaluated in the order in which documentation reached completion. Higher priority, however, was afforded the claimants whose suits had been frozen when AHR declared bankruptcy, and those who had participated in the McGovern survey. In addition, claimants with critical health issues were given priority. Couples who were rendered childless because of the Shield could apply right away for funds for in vitro fertilization.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  Once a claimant received her settlement offer, which was \"best and final,\" she had to decide whether to accept or reject it. If she was not pleased with the amount and wanted to go to arbitration or litigation, the Trust required her to attend a settlement conference first. There she could discuss her claim with a Trust representative, who would explain how the Trust had reached the figure offered. At this time the claimant was allowed to present new medical evidence that had not been available when she filed her claim. If new documentation was offered, the Trust would re-evaluate her claim. Otherwise, the Trust stood by the original amount offered. If the claimant remained dissatisfied, she could choose to proceed to arbitration or litigation. Another choice was Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR), a relatively simple and speedy form of arbitration.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  The ADR process opened in April of 1993 with an award cap of $10,000. When the cap was raised to $20,000 five months later, ADR became popular with claimants dissatisfied with the Trust's offer. In the end, 6,600 chose ADR. A smaller number chose to go to formal arbitration, and fewer still chose litigation. Because the Trust was committed to keeping costs as low as possible, every effort was made to avoid expensive trials. Of the 47,000 claims that were settled under Option 3, 41,000 were accepted; about 6,000 of them were resolved in ADR; 70 in arbitration; and only 90 went to trial.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  Although it was necessary for the CRF to allow settlement by these more traditional tort means, by far the majority of claimants worked directly with the Trust, without aid of an attorney, and accepted the Trust's offer. Those who had legal assistance received slightly larger awards on average, but they then had to pay their attorney's fees out of the award.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  By 1995 it became clear that more than enough funds were left to cover the remaining claims. Furthermore, the Trust's investments had earned $800 million and at that point administrative costs were running $200 million lower than had been anticipated. So in that year the Trust made the first of a half-dozen pro rata payments. Claimants who had been paid more than $725 under Option 2 or 3 were eligible for pro rata payments. By the time the Trust closed in the summer of 2001, pro rata payments had totaled about $1.5 billion, and eligible claimants had been paid just over 100% above their initial settlement amounts. By December 1996, 97% of the claims had been settled. The Trust began reducing its staff, and those who remained took care of the small portion of claims that were being appealed.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLegal Department. When the Trust was opened in 1989, staff was hired to handle the anticipated legal issues. General Counsel, Linda Thomason, was assisted by a team of in-house lawyers as well as attorneys in other parts of the country where claims were contested. At the outset the Trust also hired, as outside counsel, Michael W. Smith and Orran L. Brown with the Richmond law firm of Christian, Barton, Epps, Brent \u0026amp; Chappell. Eventually Brown carried on alone in that position, and in the spring of 1993 he established his office in the building where the Trust was located. His principal duties were to interpret the Reorganization Plan and handle injunction enforcement issues on the Trust's behalf. Some of the major interpretation issues included whether claimants could sue for punitive damages and attorney's fees, whether pre- or post-judgment interest would be allowed, whether the Plan forced the Trust to concede product liability, and whether the list of injuries in the CRF could be taken as an admission that such injuries were caused by the Dalkon Shield.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  The Reorganization Plan discharged A.H. Robins, and all persons connected with it, as well as American Home Products, of any liability for tort or other claims relating to the Dalkon Shield. The Plan also enjoined claimants from bringing suit against these corporations and persons, or against hospitals, clinics, or physicians. When claimants did attempt such suits, the Trust moved to enforce the injunction.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  In 1991 the Trust filed a motion with the district court for an order to establish guidelines for arbitration and litigation. Amended Administrative Order Number One set parameters for discovery, and it directed that a document depository be established and made accessible to claimants. The order provided a system to insure that claimants who chose arbitration and litigation followed a prescribed procedure, and it reiterated the CRF's disallowance of trebled, exemplary or punitive damages, or attorney's fees.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  The purpose of the Trust, as stated in the CRF, was to provide \"an efficient economical mechanism for liquidating claims which [favored] settlement over arbitration and litigation\" and to provide \"an attractive alternative to trial by jury where settlement [was] not achieved.\" Once a settlement offer was made, the Trust was willing to discuss the evaluation in a settlement conference but it refused to negotiate. Many claimants dissatisfied with their offers went to ADR. Others choose the more costly options of arbitration or trial in hopes of receiving a much higher award. At this point the playing field changed, and Trust no longer waived various defenses. For example, if the statute of limitations had run out before she filed her claim, the Trust employed that defense. In other words, the Trust did all it could to discourage claimants from choosing expensive methods of resolving disputes, adhering to the principle that if all claims were settled equally and efficiently, there would be a greater amount to be shared among all.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  Two decisions of the Trustees aided the settlement process. Raising the cap on ADR awards from $10,000 to $20,000 in 1993 made this process very popular with claimants. Two years later when the pro rata payments commenced for those with offers higher than $725, many claimants who were initially dissatisfied realized their awards would ultimately be more generous than they had thought.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  Many legal issues required judicial intervention during the course of the Trust's existence. One controversial issue concerned the Trust's holdback policy. In a case where a claimant was awarded a higher amount in litigation, the Trust reserved the right, upheld by the court, to defer paying the difference between the trial award and the original offer until there was assurance that all claims could be paid. Often when claimants brought their cases in state court, the Trust attempted to have them removed to federal court. There were many questions surrounding how ADR and arbitration would be handled. One case regarding burden of proof in ADR,\u003ctitle render=\"italic\" type=\"simple\"\u003eReichel v. Dalkon Shield Claimants Trust\u003c/title\u003e, was decided in the Trust's favor by the district court but partially overturned by the Fourth Circuit, which said that the claimant only had to provide a \"presumption of causation.\" Plaintiffs were unsuccessful in getting this ruling to apply to arbitration and litigation.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  In 1995 when the Trust began making pro rata payments, Judge Merhige on his own initiative issued an order limiting claimants' attorneys from recovering more that ten percent from those payments. One impetus for this ruling was complaints he had heard through the years from claimants whose attorneys had received a large percentage of their initial awards as contingent fees. The judge also knew that since pro rata payments would be made in cases that had been settled, little or no additional work was required of the attorneys. However, this order provoked protest from the plaintiffs' bar, and a group of twenty-nine lawyers appealed the order. The Fourth Circuit, calling \"this litigation and appeal . . . wonderful examples of chutzpah,\" affirmed Judge Merhige's order.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  Although Brown spent about ten years representing the Trust, and some of the cases stretched over many of those years, the legal costs were ultimately lower than anticipated. While a couple hundred cases were filed, in the end only about ninety went to trial. Nonetheless, the legal issues and claims that were litigated required the attention of the legal department for about five years after the vast majority of the claims were settled. Pro rata distributions from the remainder of the Trust were issued over time as the number of unresolved cases diminished.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph\u003eVI. Conclusion\u003c/emph\u003e \n  \nThe Disclosure Statement had given the Trust twenty years to settle 197,000 claims. With the allowance of late claims, the Trust ultimately paid a little over 218,000 claims and settled the vast majority of them in only seven years. Although the Trust operated particularly cautiously at the outset in order to be sure all claimants could be paid fairly, this extreme care worked to the benefit of the claimants in the end. Thanks in large part to the Trust's diligence, caution, and wise investments, the most seriously injured claimants saw their awards doubled. In terms of fairness and efficiency, the Dalkon Shield Claimants Trust achieved, in the opinion of many, the most successful resolution of a mass tort case in the twentieth century.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["I. Introduction","The history of the Dalkon Shield spans more than thirty years and is charged with controversy at every turn. Many legal scholars and journalists have written on the subject. What follows is a very brief overview of the Shield from its creation and marketing, through tort litigation and bankruptcy, to the trust settlement of more than 200,000 claims in just over ten years.","II. Production and Sale of the Dalkon Shield, 1968-1974 \n  \nThe Dalkon Shield, a contraceptive intrauterine device (IUD), was invented in the late 1960s at a time when women and their physicians were looking for a safe and simple alternative to the birth control pill. This particular model of IUD was the creation of Dr. Hugh Davis, a professor of gynecology at Johns Hopkins University Medical School, and Irwin S. Lerner, an engineer and inventor. Davis, who for several years had been testing other IUDs on patients at a family planning clinic, began to test his own device there in 1968. Davis, Lerner, and a lawyer, Robert E. Cohn, partners in a pharmaceutical laboratory, named the new IUD the Dalkon Shield. The word \"Dalkon\" apparently came from letters of the partners' last names, and \"Shield,\" from the shape of the device. By 1970, in hopes of wider marketing, they looked for a purchaser of the Shield and found the A.H. Robins Company in Richmond, Virginia.","A.H. Robins (AHR), a family-run pharmaceutical company more than a hundred years old, was, by the late 1960s, the well-respected manufacturer of popular, over-the-counter products such as Robitussin cough medicines, Chapstick lip balm, Sergeants Flea \u0026 Tick Collars, and Dimetapp cold remedies. AHR purchased the Dalkon Shield in June of 1970 and began production in early 1971. Thanks to a vigorous sales campaign, the Shield sold well in the U.S. and abroad. Within four years, 3.6 million Dalkon Shields had been used by women worldwide.","III. Dalkon Shield Litigation, 1974-1985","By 1972, physicians began reporting problems with the Dalkon Shield. Besides the fact that the device had a higher failure rate as a contraceptive than Dr. Davis and AHR had touted, some users of the Shield were suffering other health complications, the most serious being spontaneous septic abortion. In the spring of 1973 two women who had become pregnant while using the Shield died of severe infection.","As early as 1971 an AHR employee had discovered that the multifilament material used for the tail string of the Shield was capable of serving as a wick and, thus, of introducing bacteria from outside the body into the sterile environment of the uterus. In the summer of 1974, when the Food and Drug Administration held hearings on IUDs and septic abortion, AHR argued that the Dalkon Shield posed no more risk that other devices, but a physician reported that his research indicated the Shield's tail string was capable of wicking bacteria. That summer, AHR suspended domestic sales of the Dalkon Shield. By the time foreign sales were suspended some months later, fifteen Shield users had died of septic abortions; 245 other women had suffered septic abortions and survived. Other problems Shield users reported included severe cramping and bleeding, ectopic pregnancies, birth defects in children carried to term, and pelvic inflammatory disease. Some complications led to sterility.","In late 1974, the first lawsuit against AHR began in a Kansas court. The plaintiff, Connie Deemer, had suffered a perforated uterus after becoming pregnant while using the Shield. The jury awarded a relatively small amount, $10,000, in compensatory damages, but awarded $75,000 in punitive damages. Over the next six years AHR often settled cases out of court and prevailed about half the time at trial, but by 1980, when hundreds of new claims were being filed, the company was faced with punitive damages and settlements of high six- or seven-figures. Both plaintiff groups and AHR had made attempts to consolidate this litigation, but the only success in this regard was for pre-trial hearings for federal cases before the Judicial Panel on Multi-district Litigation.","In 1980, AHR sent a letter to about 200,000 physicians suggesting they remove the Shield from any women who had been using it for more than three years. In the fall of 1984, with about 3,500 claims yet to settle, the company sent another letter to doctors offering to pay for removal of the Shield from any women still using it. More claims poured in. The following spring, another Kansas jury awarded $1.75 million in compensatory damages and $7.5 million in punitive damages to Loretta Tetuan, a childless young woman whose Dalkon Shield injuries had led to a hysterectomy. Faced with more than 5,000 unresolved claims, AHR filed on August 21, 1985, for federal bankruptcy protection.","IV. Bankruptcy Proceedings, 1985-1989 \n  \nPresiding over the AHR bankruptcy case were U.S. District Judge Robert R. Merhige, Jr., and Bankruptcy Judge Blackwell N. Shelley. In late fall 1985, Merhige ordered a worldwide notification via newspaper and television for all persons claiming injury from the Shield to file claims with the court by April 1986. By that date the court had received over 300,000 claims from the U.S. and abroad. The court then mailed a questionnaire to claimants, to be returned by summer of 1987. After that deadline the claims numbered 197,000.","AHR, assuming that just a few thousand outstanding claims remained, had entered bankruptcy hoping that after reorganization the company could settle its obligations with claimants and resume operations as before. However, the number of claims filed in 1986 led to an effort to locate a company which could pay off these claims in exchange for ownership of the business. Simultaneously, work began to determine a fair value of the outstanding claims. The judges appointed an examiner, Ralph Mabey, to oversee the management of AHR and to assist in handling the difficult negotiations in this complex bankruptcy and mass tort settlement. The largest group of creditors consisted of claimants represented by a number of plaintiffs' attorneys. Other creditors included banks and businesses, as well as AHR shareholders. Once bidding for the company began, potential purchasers also became involved in the settlement negotiations.","The court appointed Francis E. McGovern, a law professor who specialized in mass torts, to examine and report on a sample of resolved cases, as well as a sample of outstanding claims, so that other experts could determine the extent of AHR's liability. The experts' estimates ranged from $1.2 to $7 billion. After hearing their reports in late 1987, Merhige estimated AHR's liability to be $2.475 billion. In early 1988, American Home Products (AHP), a large manufacturer of health care products, agreed to put up about $2.3 billion to fund the Dalkon Shield Claimants Trust and in the process acquire the A.H. Robins Company. The remainder of the fund came from other sources, including Aetna, which insured AHR, and the Robins family. In addition, AHP paid $700 million to AHR shareholders, of which over $300 million went to the Robins family.","As soon as this deal was struck, five trustees were appointed to commence the work of the Trust. By spring 1988, AHR's Sixth Amended and Restated Disclosure Statement for its reorganization was mailed to claimants and other parties for approval. After approval by the requisite majority of claimants and other creditors, and after a hearing on July 28, 1988, Judge Merhige confirmed the plan. Some claimants opposed the plan, however, and a long appeal process began. The U.S. Supreme Court denied petitions for review in November 1989, and the following month the reorganization plan was consummated.","V. Dalkon Shield Claimants Trust, 1989-2001Administration\n  \nThe Dalkon Shield Claimants Trust, located in Richmond, Virginia, began work under the direction of five trustees appointed in mid-January 1988, and an executive director hired that August. Even before consummation, the plan provided for a start-up fund of $100 million. Consequently, in the fall of 1988 the Trust was able to offer claimants the first and simplest of several options. Under Option 1, a woman merely had to sign an affidavit affirming injury from the Dalkon Shield, and she would be paid $725. If her husband or injured child chose, he (or she) could also file under this option and receive $300. During the pre-consummation period the Trust could also pay liquidated claims. By the time the Disclosure Statement was consummated in December, the Trust had settled 85,000 Option 1 claims for about $60 million.","The Disclosure Statement laid out the basic principles under which the Trust was to operate. The purpose of the Claims Resolution Facility (CRF) was to \"provide all persons full payment of valid claims at the earliest possible time consistent with the efficient design and implementation of the claims resolution facility. This purpose [was] to be achieved by (1) providing an efficient economical mechanism for liquidating claims which [favored] settlement over arbitration and litigation, thereby reducing transaction costs, (2) providing claimants with an attractive alternative to trial by jury where settlement [was] not achieved, (3) providing fair and equitable compensation based upon historic values . . . to persons injured by the Dalkon Shield.\"","The Trust's responsibility was to the claimants as a collective whole, and all claimants were to be treated equally and fairly. Also the Trust was non-reversionary, which is to say that any funds remaining at the end would not revert to AHP, but instead would be distributed among the claimants. Nor would the Trust award punitive damages to certain claimants, as in tort litigation, but instead would pay out whatever funds remained at the end on a pro rata basis to all claimants with documented injuries. One of the most important purposes of the plan was to establish \"global peace.\" That is, the plan stipulated that any and all claims involving the Dalkon Shield would be resolved once and for all by the Trust, and therefore AHR, its purchaser AHP, Aetna, doctors, clinics, and hospitals would no longer be liable for Dalkon Shield injuries.","The plan also provided general guidelines for evaluating claims. For example, both represented and unrepresented claimants were to be treated equally and without regard to where they might sue on their claims. In addition, the plan outlined the injuries for which claimants would be compensated. Subsequently, the Trust devised an elaborate review process for the most serious injuries, insuring as nearly as possible the fair and consistent treatment of every claim. Furthermore, the Trust's offers would be \"best and final,\" and not subject to negotiation before litigation. If claimants were dissatisfied with their offers, they were encouraged to choose from several methods of settlement in order to avoid a costly trial.","The CRF laid out four claims options. Option 1, described above, was ultimately chosen by 133,000 users and their relatives. Option 2 was for claimants who had proof of Shield use as well as proof of injury, but no documentation of a connection between the two. Relatively few claimants (18,000) chose this option, which paid between $850 and $5,500 in fixed allotments based upon type of injury. Option 3 was the category where the most money was paid and the most thorough documentation of injury was required. Here the claimant had to produce medical records showing that her use of the Shield was the direct cause of her documented injuries. Payments in this category went as high as $4 million, although the average was $31,000. Each case was carefully evaluated, and the award was assigned based upon the nature of the individual's circumstances. About 47,000 claimants chose Option 3. Finally, Option 4 allowed claimants to defer their choice if they were not yet certain of the extent of their injuries. Spouses as well as injured children could file their own claims in any of the three categories based upon the nature of the user's injury and medical records.","During the bankruptcy proceedings, efforts were made to notify all claimants worldwide and get them to submit their claims during 1986. However, late claims came in, and the court and the Trust ultimately honored legitimate claims filed between the April 1986 deadline and September 1989. A class action suit filed against Aetna for its alleged compliance in AHR's liability was settled by establishing a fund to pay late claims. Named the Breland Insurance Trust (BIT) (Glenda Breland was the first-named claimant in the class action), this fund was created from the proceeds of two $50 million insurance policies and was intended first to supplement the Trust if necessary. But if that were not necessary, the BIT would be used to pay late claimants and persons whose claims had been reinstated after initially being disallowed. The BIT began making payments in 1994 when it became clear that the Trust had ample funds. The Breland claims were handled exactly like Trust claims, but dissatisfied Breland claimants were not allowed to take their settlements to litigation.","A second smaller trust, called the Other Claimants Trust, was established with $5 million from the Robins family and $45 million from the sale of AHR. The purpose of the OTR was to cover the financial losses of doctors, hospitals, and clinics as a result of their involvement with the Dalkon Shield.","As soon as the Trust was fully funded at the end of 1989, work began to determine values for Option 3 claims. Trustees and Trust staff, statisticians, and a few plaintiffs' lawyers worked for months examining settlements and awards AHR had paid, as well as the data about the nature of outstanding claims that had been captured in the McGovern survey. Keeping an eye always on the total amount of the Trust's assets, this working group eventually set values on every foreseeable type of injury. Their work was then evaluated by a group of plaintiffs' attorneys who had handled large numbers of Dalkon Shield suits before bankruptcy. The process of establishing evaluation guidelines for Option 3 claims took more than a year.","Meanwhile claimants were sent packets informing them of the details of Options 2 and 3. Great care was taken to explain the process clearly so that it would not be necessary for claimants to hire an attorney unless they chose to do so. The Trust hired staff to assist claimants in filing claims and to secure medical records for them if their own efforts were fruitless. Another team of staff members checked the claims to be sure they were complete before sending them to reviewers. The Trust hired novices in the claims review process and gave them sixteen weeks of intensive training in evaluating gynecological injuries before they began work. After a value was placed on a claim, a supervisor reviewed the file again before the offer was mailed to the claimant.","For the most part claims were evaluated in the order in which documentation reached completion. Higher priority, however, was afforded the claimants whose suits had been frozen when AHR declared bankruptcy, and those who had participated in the McGovern survey. In addition, claimants with critical health issues were given priority. Couples who were rendered childless because of the Shield could apply right away for funds for in vitro fertilization.","Once a claimant received her settlement offer, which was \"best and final,\" she had to decide whether to accept or reject it. If she was not pleased with the amount and wanted to go to arbitration or litigation, the Trust required her to attend a settlement conference first. There she could discuss her claim with a Trust representative, who would explain how the Trust had reached the figure offered. At this time the claimant was allowed to present new medical evidence that had not been available when she filed her claim. If new documentation was offered, the Trust would re-evaluate her claim. Otherwise, the Trust stood by the original amount offered. If the claimant remained dissatisfied, she could choose to proceed to arbitration or litigation. Another choice was Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR), a relatively simple and speedy form of arbitration.","The ADR process opened in April of 1993 with an award cap of $10,000. When the cap was raised to $20,000 five months later, ADR became popular with claimants dissatisfied with the Trust's offer. In the end, 6,600 chose ADR. A smaller number chose to go to formal arbitration, and fewer still chose litigation. Because the Trust was committed to keeping costs as low as possible, every effort was made to avoid expensive trials. Of the 47,000 claims that were settled under Option 3, 41,000 were accepted; about 6,000 of them were resolved in ADR; 70 in arbitration; and only 90 went to trial.","Although it was necessary for the CRF to allow settlement by these more traditional tort means, by far the majority of claimants worked directly with the Trust, without aid of an attorney, and accepted the Trust's offer. Those who had legal assistance received slightly larger awards on average, but they then had to pay their attorney's fees out of the award.","By 1995 it became clear that more than enough funds were left to cover the remaining claims. Furthermore, the Trust's investments had earned $800 million and at that point administrative costs were running $200 million lower than had been anticipated. So in that year the Trust made the first of a half-dozen pro rata payments. Claimants who had been paid more than $725 under Option 2 or 3 were eligible for pro rata payments. By the time the Trust closed in the summer of 2001, pro rata payments had totaled about $1.5 billion, and eligible claimants had been paid just over 100% above their initial settlement amounts. By December 1996, 97% of the claims had been settled. The Trust began reducing its staff, and those who remained took care of the small portion of claims that were being appealed.","Legal Department. When the Trust was opened in 1989, staff was hired to handle the anticipated legal issues. General Counsel, Linda Thomason, was assisted by a team of in-house lawyers as well as attorneys in other parts of the country where claims were contested. At the outset the Trust also hired, as outside counsel, Michael W. Smith and Orran L. Brown with the Richmond law firm of Christian, Barton, Epps, Brent \u0026 Chappell. Eventually Brown carried on alone in that position, and in the spring of 1993 he established his office in the building where the Trust was located. His principal duties were to interpret the Reorganization Plan and handle injunction enforcement issues on the Trust's behalf. Some of the major interpretation issues included whether claimants could sue for punitive damages and attorney's fees, whether pre- or post-judgment interest would be allowed, whether the Plan forced the Trust to concede product liability, and whether the list of injuries in the CRF could be taken as an admission that such injuries were caused by the Dalkon Shield.","The Reorganization Plan discharged A.H. Robins, and all persons connected with it, as well as American Home Products, of any liability for tort or other claims relating to the Dalkon Shield. The Plan also enjoined claimants from bringing suit against these corporations and persons, or against hospitals, clinics, or physicians. When claimants did attempt such suits, the Trust moved to enforce the injunction.","In 1991 the Trust filed a motion with the district court for an order to establish guidelines for arbitration and litigation. Amended Administrative Order Number One set parameters for discovery, and it directed that a document depository be established and made accessible to claimants. The order provided a system to insure that claimants who chose arbitration and litigation followed a prescribed procedure, and it reiterated the CRF's disallowance of trebled, exemplary or punitive damages, or attorney's fees.","The purpose of the Trust, as stated in the CRF, was to provide \"an efficient economical mechanism for liquidating claims which [favored] settlement over arbitration and litigation\" and to provide \"an attractive alternative to trial by jury where settlement [was] not achieved.\" Once a settlement offer was made, the Trust was willing to discuss the evaluation in a settlement conference but it refused to negotiate. Many claimants dissatisfied with their offers went to ADR. Others choose the more costly options of arbitration or trial in hopes of receiving a much higher award. At this point the playing field changed, and Trust no longer waived various defenses. For example, if the statute of limitations had run out before she filed her claim, the Trust employed that defense. In other words, the Trust did all it could to discourage claimants from choosing expensive methods of resolving disputes, adhering to the principle that if all claims were settled equally and efficiently, there would be a greater amount to be shared among all.","Two decisions of the Trustees aided the settlement process. Raising the cap on ADR awards from $10,000 to $20,000 in 1993 made this process very popular with claimants. Two years later when the pro rata payments commenced for those with offers higher than $725, many claimants who were initially dissatisfied realized their awards would ultimately be more generous than they had thought.","Many legal issues required judicial intervention during the course of the Trust's existence. One controversial issue concerned the Trust's holdback policy. In a case where a claimant was awarded a higher amount in litigation, the Trust reserved the right, upheld by the court, to defer paying the difference between the trial award and the original offer until there was assurance that all claims could be paid. Often when claimants brought their cases in state court, the Trust attempted to have them removed to federal court. There were many questions surrounding how ADR and arbitration would be handled. One case regarding burden of proof in ADR,Reichel v. Dalkon Shield Claimants Trust, was decided in the Trust's favor by the district court but partially overturned by the Fourth Circuit, which said that the claimant only had to provide a \"presumption of causation.\" Plaintiffs were unsuccessful in getting this ruling to apply to arbitration and litigation.","In 1995 when the Trust began making pro rata payments, Judge Merhige on his own initiative issued an order limiting claimants' attorneys from recovering more that ten percent from those payments. One impetus for this ruling was complaints he had heard through the years from claimants whose attorneys had received a large percentage of their initial awards as contingent fees. The judge also knew that since pro rata payments would be made in cases that had been settled, little or no additional work was required of the attorneys. However, this order provoked protest from the plaintiffs' bar, and a group of twenty-nine lawyers appealed the order. The Fourth Circuit, calling \"this litigation and appeal . . . wonderful examples of chutzpah,\" affirmed Judge Merhige's order.","Although Brown spent about ten years representing the Trust, and some of the cases stretched over many of those years, the legal costs were ultimately lower than anticipated. While a couple hundred cases were filed, in the end only about ninety went to trial. Nonetheless, the legal issues and claims that were litigated required the attention of the legal department for about five years after the vast majority of the claims were settled. Pro rata distributions from the remainder of the Trust were issued over time as the number of unresolved cases diminished.","VI. Conclusion \n  \nThe Disclosure Statement had given the Trust twenty years to settle 197,000 claims. With the allowance of late claims, the Trust ultimately paid a little over 218,000 claims and settled the vast majority of them in only seven years. Although the Trust operated particularly cautiously at the outset in order to be sure all claimants could be paid fairly, this extreme care worked to the benefit of the claimants in the end. Thanks in large part to the Trust's diligence, caution, and wise investments, the most seriously injured claimants saw their awards doubled. In terms of fairness and efficiency, the Dalkon Shield Claimants Trust achieved, in the opinion of many, the most successful resolution of a mass tort case in the twentieth century."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Dalkon Shield Claimants Trust Collection, 1968-2000 (bulk 1970-1998), documents the history of the Dalkon Shield, the intrauterine contraceptive device (IUD) manufactured and sold by the A.H. Robins Company, from purchase of the device in 1970 through tort litigation and bankruptcy settlement in 1988. The collections includes litigation material, Food and Drug Administrations documents related to its investigation of the device, A.H. Robins bankruptcy files, and samples of the IUD. The collection also documents the establishment and ten-year history of the Dalkon Shield Claimants Trust, which paid out almost $3 billion to over 218,000 claimants. Closing in 2000, this trust achieved the most successful resolution of a mass tort case during the twentieth century.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Dalkon Shield Claimants Trust Collection, 1968-2000 (bulk 1970-1998), documents the history of the Dalkon Shield, the intrauterine contraceptive device (IUD) manufactured and sold by the A.H. Robins Company, from purchase of the device in 1970 through tort litigation and bankruptcy settlement in 1988. The collections includes litigation material, Food and Drug Administrations documents related to its investigation of the device, A.H. Robins bankruptcy files, and samples of the IUD. The collection also documents the establishment and ten-year history of the Dalkon Shield Claimants Trust, which paid out almost $3 billion to over 218,000 claimants. Closing in 2000, this trust achieved the most successful resolution of a mass tort case during the twentieth century."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMultiple individuals and corporate bodies created the materials in the Dalkon Shield Claimants Trust collection and copyright status varies across the collection.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAny rights (including copyright and related rights to publicity and privacy) held by the Dalkon Shield Claimants Trust (DSCT) were transferred to the University of Virginia in 2000 by the United States Bankruptcy Court for the Eastern District of Virginia, Richmond Division. Permission to publish or reproduce materials created by the DSCT must be secured from the University of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOther materials may be protected by copyright and/or related rights. The University of Virginia is not authorized to grant permission to publish or reproduce these items. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Multiple individuals and corporate bodies created the materials in the Dalkon Shield Claimants Trust collection and copyright status varies across the collection.","Any rights (including copyright and related rights to publicity and privacy) held by the Dalkon Shield Claimants Trust (DSCT) were transferred to the University of Virginia in 2000 by the United States Bankruptcy Court for the Eastern District of Virginia, Richmond Division. Permission to publish or reproduce materials created by the DSCT must be secured from the University of Virginia.","Other materials may be protected by copyright and/or related rights. The University of Virginia is not authorized to grant permission to publish or reproduce these items."],"corpname_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","Dalkon Shield Claimants Trust","A.H. Robins Company"],"names_coll_ssim":["A.H. Robins Company"],"names_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","Dalkon Shield Claimants Trust","A.H. Robins Company"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":824,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-15T00:04:49.439Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_4_resources_87_c03_c06"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_7_resources_110_c19","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"AD HOC COMMITTEE ON STATE STRUCTURE, 1974/1975","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_7_resources_110_c19#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viu_repositories_7_resources_110_c19","ref_ssm":["viu_repositories_7_resources_110_c19"],"id":"viu_repositories_7_resources_110_c19","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_7_resources_110","_root_":"viu_repositories_7_resources_110","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_7_resources_110","parent_ssi":"viu_repositories_7_resources_110","parent_ssim":["American Lung Association of Virginia (ALAV) collection, 1907/2004"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viu_repositories_7_resources_110"],"title_filing_ssi":"AD HOC COMMITTEE ON STATE STRUCTURE,","title_ssm":["AD HOC COMMITTEE ON STATE STRUCTURE"],"title_tesim":["AD HOC COMMITTEE ON STATE STRUCTURE"],"normalized_title_ssm":["AD HOC COMMITTEE ON STATE STRUCTURE, 1974/1975"],"text":["AD HOC COMMITTEE ON STATE STRUCTURE, 1974/1975","American Lung Association of Virginia (ALAV) collection, 1907/2004","box 001","folder 019"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["American Lung Association of Virginia (ALAV) collection, 1907/2004"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["American Lung Association of Virginia (ALAV) collection, 1907/2004"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1974/1975"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1974 - 1975"],"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"component_level_isim":[1],"sort_isi":19,"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"collection_ssim":["American Lung Association of Virginia (ALAV) collection, 1907/2004"],"containers_ssim":["box 001","folder 019"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Copyright restrictions may apply to some content."],"date_range_isim":[1974,1975],"_nest_path_":"/components#18","timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:54:53.229Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_7_resources_110","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_7_resources_110","_root_":"viu_repositories_7_resources_110","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_7_resources_110","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_7_resources_110.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/95","title_ssm":["American Lung Association of Virginia (ALAV) collection"],"title_tesim":["American Lung Association of Virginia (ALAV) collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1907-2004"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1907-2004"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1907/2004"],"normalized_title_ssm":["American Lung Association of Virginia (ALAV) collection, 1907/2004"],"text":["American Lung Association of Virginia (ALAV) collection, 1907/2004","MS.3","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/7/resources/110","The extensive collection consists of 424 boxes, 50 are oversized folio boxes.","The American Lung Association (ALA) is the oldest voluntary public health agency in the United States. The original name of the ALA was the National Association for the Study and Prevention of Tuberculosis (NASPT), formed in 1904 to combat the deadliest disease of the time. The name was changed to the National Tuberculosis Association (NTA) in 1918, and finally, with the decline of TB and the rise of other serious lung diseases, to the American Lung Association (ALA) in 1973. The American Lung Association of Virginia (ALAV) has been similarly renamed since its formation in 1909 as the Virginia Anti-Tuberculosis Association. Today, both the national and state associations are dedicated to the prevention, cure, and control of all lung diseases.","The American Lung Association is perhaps best known as \"The Christmas Seal People.\" Since 1907, the Christmas Seal Campaign has raised many millions of dollars toward the fight against lung disease. In 1915, the NASPT launched the Modern Health Crusade, originally to involve children in the Christmas Seal Campaign. Any child who sold ten or more Seals was given a \"Crusader certificate of enrollment\" on which was printed a list of health rules such as \"keep windows open\" and \"get a long night's sleep.\" Children who complied with these standards were \"promoted\" from squire to knight, then to knight banneret, and finally to knight of the round table. By 1919 there were three million \"crusaders\" in the United States. Two years later, the National Education Association recommended the adoption of a Crusade-like health education system in every elementary school in the country.","The ALAV Collection contains extensive information on the tuberculosis sanatoriums established in Virginia. When the NASPT formed in 1904, there were approximately one hundred sanatoriums in the United States; by 1910, there were nearly four hundred. One of the many sanatoriums built during this period was the Catawba Sanatorium near Roanoke, the first sanatorium in the state of Virginia. In 1908, Captain William Washington Baker (1844-1927), a member of the Virginia General Assembly, introduced a bill to reorganize the State Board of Health. The \"Baker Bill\" appropriated $20,000 \"for the establishment and maintenance of a suitable sanatorium for consumptives.\" Baker had lost four of his six children to tuberculosis. For his pioneering efforts, he is justly called \"the father of Catawba Sanatorium.\" Baker was also instrumental in the formation of the Virginia Anti-Tuberculosis Association (now the ALAV) in October 1909.","In 1918, the State Board of Health and the Negro Organization Society founded Piedmont Sanatorium as a rest home for African-Americans. Before its establishment, the only treatment facilities for African- Americans were the Central State Hospital for Mental Diseases and the State Penitentiary. Miss Agnes D. Randolph, Director of the Educational Department of the State Board of Health, requested in 1916 an appropriation from the General Assembly to build the sanatorium and purchase three hundred acres of land near Burkeville. The first building at the site was named in her honor.","Blue Ridge Sanatorium opened in April of 1920. The close proximity of the University of Virginia Medical School was a major factor in the government's selection of the Charlottesville area as the site for the new facility. The State Board of Health and the University agreed that a special course in TB would be developed for third and fourth year medical students, to be taught by the Medical Director of Blue Ridge Sanatorium and his staff. The city of Charlottesville donated $15,000 for the building project and promised free water from the city supply for five years.","An online exhibit created by the Historical Collections and Services staff of The Claude Moore Health Sciences Library at the University of Virginia recounts the origin and early history of the ALA. All of the materials featured in the Web exhibit are from the Library's ALAV Collection in Historical Collections and Services. Visit the web exhibit here: http://exhibits.hsl.virginia.edu/alav/","The ALAV Collection contains personal and official correspondence, financial and legal papers, minute books, organizational and scientific reports, educational publicity, photographs, and artifacts. The ALAV Collection contains exhaustive information on the administrative concerns, educational and fund-raising activities, local level activities and regional offices, and the day-to-day operations of Virginia's key agent in the control and prevention of respiratory diseases. The materials in the ALAV Collection document the growth of the organization, as well as the input of a number of notable Virginians, from the early decades of the twentieth century. The ALAV Collection contains materials of use to researchers interested in medical history, epidemiology, respiratory diseases, and the growth of state and national organizations dedicated to public health.","Copyright restrictions may apply to some content.","Claude Moore Health Sciences Library","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["American Lung Association of Virginia (ALAV) collection, 1907/2004"],"collection_ssim":["American Lung Association of Virginia (ALAV) collection, 1907/2004"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS.3","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/7/resources/110"],"unitid_tesim":["MS.3","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/7/resources/110"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Claude Moore Health Sciences Library"],"creators_ssim":["Claude Moore Health Sciences Library"],"access_terms_ssm":["Copyright restrictions may apply to some content."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The American Lung Association of Virginia (ALAV) donated the organization's papers to the University of Virginia Health Sciences Library in 1990 and 1991, under the auspices of then ALAV Executive Director, Dr. Carl Booberg. Another large donation from the ALAV was made in 2009."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["The extensive collection consists of 424 boxes, 50 are oversized folio boxes."],"extent_ssm":["283.4 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["283.4 Linear Feet"],"date_range_isim":[1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\nThe American Lung Association (ALA) is the oldest voluntary public health agency in the United States. The original name of the ALA was the National Association for the Study and Prevention of Tuberculosis (NASPT), formed in 1904 to combat the deadliest disease of the time. The name was changed to the National Tuberculosis Association (NTA) in 1918, and finally, with the decline of TB and the rise of other serious lung diseases, to the American Lung Association (ALA) in 1973. The American Lung Association of Virginia (ALAV) has been similarly renamed since its formation in 1909 as the Virginia Anti-Tuberculosis Association. Today, both the national and state associations are dedicated to the prevention, cure, and control of all lung diseases.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n\n","\u003cp\u003e\nThe American Lung Association is perhaps best known as \"The Christmas Seal People.\" Since 1907, the Christmas Seal Campaign has raised many millions of dollars toward the fight against lung disease. In 1915, the NASPT launched the Modern Health Crusade, originally to involve children in the Christmas Seal Campaign. Any child who sold ten or more Seals was given a \"Crusader certificate of enrollment\" on which was printed a list of health rules such as \"keep windows open\" and \"get a long night's sleep.\" Children who complied with these standards were \"promoted\" from squire to knight, then to knight banneret, and finally to knight of the round table. By 1919 there were three million \"crusaders\" in the United States. Two years later, the National Education Association recommended the adoption of a Crusade-like health education system in every elementary school in the country.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n\n","\u003cp\u003e\nThe ALAV Collection contains extensive information on the tuberculosis sanatoriums established in Virginia. When the NASPT formed in 1904, there were approximately one hundred sanatoriums in the United States; by 1910, there were nearly four hundred. One of the many sanatoriums built during this period was the Catawba Sanatorium near Roanoke, the first sanatorium in the state of Virginia. In 1908, Captain William Washington Baker (1844-1927), a member of the Virginia General Assembly, introduced a bill to reorganize the State Board of Health. The \"Baker Bill\" appropriated $20,000 \"for the establishment and maintenance of a suitable sanatorium for consumptives.\" Baker had lost four of his six children to tuberculosis. For his pioneering efforts, he is justly called \"the father of Catawba Sanatorium.\" Baker was also instrumental in the formation of the Virginia Anti-Tuberculosis Association (now the ALAV) in October 1909.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n\n","\u003cp\u003e\nIn 1918, the State Board of Health and the Negro Organization Society founded Piedmont Sanatorium as a rest home for African-Americans. Before its establishment, the only treatment facilities for African- Americans were the Central State Hospital for Mental Diseases and the State Penitentiary. Miss Agnes D. Randolph, Director of the Educational Department of the State Board of Health, requested in 1916 an appropriation from the General Assembly to build the sanatorium and purchase three hundred acres of land near Burkeville. The first building at the site was named in her honor.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n\n","\u003cp\u003e\nBlue Ridge Sanatorium opened in April of 1920. The close proximity of the University of Virginia Medical School was a major factor in the government's selection of the Charlottesville area as the site for the new facility. The State Board of Health and the University agreed that a special course in TB would be developed for third and fourth year medical students, to be taught by the Medical Director of Blue Ridge Sanatorium and his staff. The city of Charlottesville donated $15,000 for the building project and promised free water from the city supply for five years.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n\n","\u003cp\u003e\nAn online exhibit created by the Historical Collections and Services staff of The Claude Moore Health Sciences Library at the University of Virginia recounts the origin and early history of the ALA. All of the materials featured in the Web exhibit are from the Library's ALAV Collection in Historical Collections and Services. Visit the web exhibit here: \u003cextref href=\"http://exhibits.hsl.virginia.edu/alav/\"\u003ehttp://exhibits.hsl.virginia.edu/alav/\u003c/extref\u003e\n\u003c/p\u003e\n  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["The American Lung Association (ALA) is the oldest voluntary public health agency in the United States. The original name of the ALA was the National Association for the Study and Prevention of Tuberculosis (NASPT), formed in 1904 to combat the deadliest disease of the time. The name was changed to the National Tuberculosis Association (NTA) in 1918, and finally, with the decline of TB and the rise of other serious lung diseases, to the American Lung Association (ALA) in 1973. The American Lung Association of Virginia (ALAV) has been similarly renamed since its formation in 1909 as the Virginia Anti-Tuberculosis Association. Today, both the national and state associations are dedicated to the prevention, cure, and control of all lung diseases.","The American Lung Association is perhaps best known as \"The Christmas Seal People.\" Since 1907, the Christmas Seal Campaign has raised many millions of dollars toward the fight against lung disease. In 1915, the NASPT launched the Modern Health Crusade, originally to involve children in the Christmas Seal Campaign. Any child who sold ten or more Seals was given a \"Crusader certificate of enrollment\" on which was printed a list of health rules such as \"keep windows open\" and \"get a long night's sleep.\" Children who complied with these standards were \"promoted\" from squire to knight, then to knight banneret, and finally to knight of the round table. By 1919 there were three million \"crusaders\" in the United States. Two years later, the National Education Association recommended the adoption of a Crusade-like health education system in every elementary school in the country.","The ALAV Collection contains extensive information on the tuberculosis sanatoriums established in Virginia. When the NASPT formed in 1904, there were approximately one hundred sanatoriums in the United States; by 1910, there were nearly four hundred. One of the many sanatoriums built during this period was the Catawba Sanatorium near Roanoke, the first sanatorium in the state of Virginia. In 1908, Captain William Washington Baker (1844-1927), a member of the Virginia General Assembly, introduced a bill to reorganize the State Board of Health. The \"Baker Bill\" appropriated $20,000 \"for the establishment and maintenance of a suitable sanatorium for consumptives.\" Baker had lost four of his six children to tuberculosis. For his pioneering efforts, he is justly called \"the father of Catawba Sanatorium.\" Baker was also instrumental in the formation of the Virginia Anti-Tuberculosis Association (now the ALAV) in October 1909.","In 1918, the State Board of Health and the Negro Organization Society founded Piedmont Sanatorium as a rest home for African-Americans. Before its establishment, the only treatment facilities for African- Americans were the Central State Hospital for Mental Diseases and the State Penitentiary. Miss Agnes D. Randolph, Director of the Educational Department of the State Board of Health, requested in 1916 an appropriation from the General Assembly to build the sanatorium and purchase three hundred acres of land near Burkeville. The first building at the site was named in her honor.","Blue Ridge Sanatorium opened in April of 1920. The close proximity of the University of Virginia Medical School was a major factor in the government's selection of the Charlottesville area as the site for the new facility. The State Board of Health and the University agreed that a special course in TB would be developed for third and fourth year medical students, to be taught by the Medical Director of Blue Ridge Sanatorium and his staff. The city of Charlottesville donated $15,000 for the building project and promised free water from the city supply for five years.","An online exhibit created by the Historical Collections and Services staff of The Claude Moore Health Sciences Library at the University of Virginia recounts the origin and early history of the ALA. All of the materials featured in the Web exhibit are from the Library's ALAV Collection in Historical Collections and Services. Visit the web exhibit here: http://exhibits.hsl.virginia.edu/alav/"],"odd_heading_ssm":["General"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe American Lung Association of Virginia Collection (ALAV), MS-3, Claude Moore Health Sciences Library, Historical Collections and Services, University of Virginia\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["The American Lung Association of Virginia Collection (ALAV), MS-3, Claude Moore Health Sciences Library, Historical Collections and Services, University of Virginia"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\nThe ALAV Collection contains personal and official correspondence, financial and legal papers, minute books, organizational and scientific reports, educational publicity, photographs, and artifacts. The ALAV Collection contains exhaustive information on the administrative concerns, educational and fund-raising activities, local level activities and regional offices, and the day-to-day operations of Virginia's key agent in the control and prevention of respiratory diseases. The materials in the ALAV Collection document the growth of the organization, as well as the input of a number of notable Virginians, from the early decades of the twentieth century. The ALAV Collection contains materials of use to researchers interested in medical history, epidemiology, respiratory diseases, and the growth of state and national organizations dedicated to public health.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The ALAV Collection contains personal and official correspondence, financial and legal papers, minute books, organizational and scientific reports, educational publicity, photographs, and artifacts. The ALAV Collection contains exhaustive information on the administrative concerns, educational and fund-raising activities, local level activities and regional offices, and the day-to-day operations of Virginia's key agent in the control and prevention of respiratory diseases. The materials in the ALAV Collection document the growth of the organization, as well as the input of a number of notable Virginians, from the early decades of the twentieth century. The ALAV Collection contains materials of use to researchers interested in medical history, epidemiology, respiratory diseases, and the growth of state and national organizations dedicated to public health."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCopyright restrictions may apply to some content.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Copyright restrictions may apply to some content."],"corpname_ssim":["Claude Moore Health Sciences Library"],"names_ssim":["Claude Moore Health Sciences Library"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":4563,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:54:53.229Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_7_resources_110_c19"}}],"included":[{"type":"facet","id":"repository_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Repository","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept.","value":"University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept.","hits":5610},"links":{"remove":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1974\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=University+of+Virginia%2C+Special+Collections+Dept."}}]},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/repository_ssim.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1974\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=University+of+Virginia%2C+Special+Collections+Dept."}},{"type":"facet","id":"collection_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Collection","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"8th Evacuation Hospital collection, 1941/2011","value":"8th Evacuation Hospital collection, 1941/2011","hits":3},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=8th+Evacuation+Hospital+collection%2C+1941%2F2011\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1974\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=University+of+Virginia%2C+Special+Collections+Dept."}},{"attributes":{"label":"A. E. Dick Howard papers on the Virginia Commission on Constitutional Revision, 1968/1971","value":"A. E. Dick Howard papers on the Virginia Commission on Constitutional Revision, 1968/1971","hits":3},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=A.+E.+Dick+Howard+papers+on+the+Virginia+Commission+on+Constitutional+Revision%2C+1968%2F1971\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1974\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=University+of+Virginia%2C+Special+Collections+Dept."}},{"attributes":{"label":"A. E. Dick Howard papers, 1928/2017","value":"A. E. Dick Howard papers, 1928/2017","hits":14},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=A.+E.+Dick+Howard+papers%2C+1928%2F2017\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1974\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=University+of+Virginia%2C+Special+Collections+Dept."}},{"attributes":{"label":"A. J. Gustin Priest papers, 1919/1976","value":"A. J. Gustin Priest papers, 1919/1976","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=A.+J.+Gustin+Priest+papers%2C+1919%2F1976\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1974\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=University+of+Virginia%2C+Special+Collections+Dept."}},{"attributes":{"label":"Addison H. Smith papers, 1917/1970, bulk 1917/1922","value":"Addison H. Smith papers, 1917/1970, bulk 1917/1922","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Addison+H.+Smith+papers%2C+1917%2F1970%2C+bulk+1917%2F1922\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1974\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=University+of+Virginia%2C+Special+Collections+Dept."}},{"attributes":{"label":"Additional Louis J. Halle, Jr. Papers\n 1938-1987","value":"Additional Louis J. Halle, Jr. Papers\n 1938-1987","hits":13},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Additional+Louis+J.+Halle%2C+Jr.+Papers%0A+1938-1987\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1974\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=University+of+Virginia%2C+Special+Collections+Dept."}},{"attributes":{"label":"African American Hugh Carr family, River View Farm, and the Papers of the Ivy Creek Foundation, 1916/1988","value":"African American Hugh Carr family, River View Farm, and the Papers of the Ivy Creek Foundation, 1916/1988","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=African+American+Hugh+Carr+family%2C+River+View+Farm%2C+and+the+Papers+of+the+Ivy+Creek+Foundation%2C+1916%2F1988\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1974\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=University+of+Virginia%2C+Special+Collections+Dept."}},{"attributes":{"label":"African American programs and photographs from Roanoke, and Wytheville, Virginia, 1954/1977","value":"African American programs and photographs from Roanoke, and Wytheville, Virginia, 1954/1977","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=African+American+programs+and+photographs+from+Roanoke%2C+and+Wytheville%2C+Virginia%2C+1954%2F1977\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1974\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=University+of+Virginia%2C+Special+Collections+Dept."}},{"attributes":{"label":"Agnes M. Marshall/American Association of Neuroscience Nurses Papers, 1967/2009","value":"Agnes M. Marshall/American Association of Neuroscience Nurses Papers, 1967/2009","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Agnes+M.+Marshall%2FAmerican+Association+of+Neuroscience+Nurses+Papers%2C+1967%2F2009\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1974\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=University+of+Virginia%2C+Special+Collections+Dept."}},{"attributes":{"label":"Albemarle County Medical Society records, 1933/2015","value":"Albemarle County Medical Society records, 1933/2015","hits":25},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Albemarle+County+Medical+Society+records%2C+1933%2F2015\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1974\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=University+of+Virginia%2C+Special+Collections+Dept."}},{"attributes":{"label":"Albemarle Garden Club Papers \n 1938-1987","value":"Albemarle Garden Club Papers \n 1938-1987","hits":6},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Albemarle+Garden+Club+Papers+%0A+1938-1987\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1974\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=University+of+Virginia%2C+Special+Collections+Dept."}}]},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/collection_ssim.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1974\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=University+of+Virginia%2C+Special+Collections+Dept."}},{"type":"facet","id":"date_range_isim","attributes":{"label":"Date range","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"0","value":"0","hits":4},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1974\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=0\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=University+of+Virginia%2C+Special+Collections+Dept."}},{"attributes":{"label":"994","value":"994","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1974\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=994\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=University+of+Virginia%2C+Special+Collections+Dept."}},{"attributes":{"label":"995","value":"995","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1974\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=995\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=University+of+Virginia%2C+Special+Collections+Dept."}},{"attributes":{"label":"996","value":"996","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1974\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=996\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=University+of+Virginia%2C+Special+Collections+Dept."}},{"attributes":{"label":"997","value":"997","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1974\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=997\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=University+of+Virginia%2C+Special+Collections+Dept."}},{"attributes":{"label":"998","value":"998","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1974\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=998\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=University+of+Virginia%2C+Special+Collections+Dept."}},{"attributes":{"label":"999","value":"999","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1974\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=999\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=University+of+Virginia%2C+Special+Collections+Dept."}},{"attributes":{"label":"1000","value":"1000","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1974\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1000\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=University+of+Virginia%2C+Special+Collections+Dept."}},{"attributes":{"label":"1001","value":"1001","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1974\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1001\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=University+of+Virginia%2C+Special+Collections+Dept."}},{"attributes":{"label":"1002","value":"1002","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1974\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1002\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=University+of+Virginia%2C+Special+Collections+Dept."}},{"attributes":{"label":"1003","value":"1003","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1974\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1003\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=University+of+Virginia%2C+Special+Collections+Dept."}}]},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/date_range_isim.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1974\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=University+of+Virginia%2C+Special+Collections+Dept."}},{"type":"facet","id":"creator_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Creator","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Alford, Neill H., Jr. (Neill Herbert), 1919-2007","value":"Alford, Neill H., Jr. (Neill Herbert), 1919-2007","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Alford%2C+Neill+H.%2C+Jr.+%28Neill+Herbert%29%2C+1919-2007\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1974\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=University+of+Virginia%2C+Special+Collections+Dept."}},{"attributes":{"label":"Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority","value":"Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority","hits":2},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Alpha+Kappa+Alpha+Sorority\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1974\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=University+of+Virginia%2C+Special+Collections+Dept."}},{"attributes":{"label":"Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority. Gamma Chi Omega Chapter (Morgantown, WV)","value":"Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority. Gamma Chi Omega Chapter (Morgantown, WV)","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Alpha+Kappa+Alpha+Sorority.+Gamma+Chi+Omega+Chapter+%28Morgantown%2C+WV%29\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1974\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=University+of+Virginia%2C+Special+Collections+Dept."}},{"attributes":{"label":"Alson, Roy L.","value":"Alson, Roy L.","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Alson%2C+Roy+L.\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1974\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=University+of+Virginia%2C+Special+Collections+Dept."}},{"attributes":{"label":"American Civil Liberties Union of Virginia","value":"American Civil Liberties Union of Virginia","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=American+Civil+Liberties+Union+of+Virginia\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1974\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=University+of+Virginia%2C+Special+Collections+Dept."}},{"attributes":{"label":"American Rhododendron Society","value":"American Rhododendron Society","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=American+Rhododendron+Society\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1974\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=University+of+Virginia%2C+Special+Collections+Dept."}},{"attributes":{"label":"Anbian, Robert","value":"Anbian, Robert","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Anbian%2C+Robert\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1974\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=University+of+Virginia%2C+Special+Collections+Dept."}},{"attributes":{"label":"Ardus, Betty","value":"Ardus, Betty","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Ardus%2C+Betty\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1974\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=University+of+Virginia%2C+Special+Collections+Dept."}},{"attributes":{"label":"Barber , John, 1893-1965","value":"Barber , John, 1893-1965","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Barber+%2C+John%2C+1893-1965\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1974\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=University+of+Virginia%2C+Special+Collections+Dept."}},{"attributes":{"label":"Bardo Matrix (Firm)","value":"Bardo Matrix (Firm)","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Bardo+Matrix+%28Firm%29\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1974\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=University+of+Virginia%2C+Special+Collections+Dept."}},{"attributes":{"label":"Bednar, Michael J.","value":"Bednar, Michael J.","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Bednar%2C+Michael+J.\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1974\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=University+of+Virginia%2C+Special+Collections+Dept."}}]},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/creator_ssim.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1974\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=University+of+Virginia%2C+Special+Collections+Dept."}},{"type":"facet","id":"names_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Names","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"A.\n                  A.","value":"A.\n                  A.","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1974\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=A.%0A++++++++++++++++++A.\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=University+of+Virginia%2C+Special+Collections+Dept."}},{"attributes":{"label":"A. A. Pickard","value":"A. A. Pickard","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1974\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=A.+A.+Pickard\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=University+of+Virginia%2C+Special+Collections+Dept."}},{"attributes":{"label":"A. C. Gibson","value":"A. C. Gibson","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1974\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=A.+C.+Gibson\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=University+of+Virginia%2C+Special+Collections+Dept."}},{"attributes":{"label":"A. D. McNees","value":"A. D. McNees","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1974\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=A.+D.+McNees\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=University+of+Virginia%2C+Special+Collections+Dept."}},{"attributes":{"label":"A. F. Serbin","value":"A. F. Serbin","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1974\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=A.+F.+Serbin\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=University+of+Virginia%2C+Special+Collections+Dept."}},{"attributes":{"label":"A. G. Juknis","value":"A. G. Juknis","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1974\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=A.+G.+Juknis\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=University+of+Virginia%2C+Special+Collections+Dept."}},{"attributes":{"label":"A. J. Teese","value":"A. J. Teese","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1974\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=A.+J.+Teese\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=University+of+Virginia%2C+Special+Collections+Dept."}},{"attributes":{"label":"A.H. Robins Company","value":"A.H. Robins Company","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1974\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=A.H.+Robins+Company\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=University+of+Virginia%2C+Special+Collections+Dept."}},{"attributes":{"label":"Aaron Quinby","value":"Aaron Quinby","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1974\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Aaron+Quinby\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=University+of+Virginia%2C+Special+Collections+Dept."}},{"attributes":{"label":"Adams, Henry Ward, 1861-1944","value":"Adams, Henry Ward, 1861-1944","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1974\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Adams%2C+Henry+Ward%2C+1861-1944\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=University+of+Virginia%2C+Special+Collections+Dept."}},{"attributes":{"label":"Adele Jones","value":"Adele Jones","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1974\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Adele+Jones\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=University+of+Virginia%2C+Special+Collections+Dept."}}]},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/names_ssim.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1974\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=University+of+Virginia%2C+Special+Collections+Dept."}},{"type":"facet","id":"geogname_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Places","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"African American Women Authors","value":"African American Women Authors","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1974\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=African+American+Women+Authors\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=University+of+Virginia%2C+Special+Collections+Dept."}},{"attributes":{"label":"Aguaruna indigenous group","value":"Aguaruna indigenous group","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1974\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Aguaruna+indigenous+group\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=University+of+Virginia%2C+Special+Collections+Dept."}},{"attributes":{"label":"Albemarle County (Va.) -- Buildings, structures, etc.","value":"Albemarle County (Va.) -- Buildings, structures, etc.","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1974\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Albemarle+County+%28Va.%29+--+Buildings%2C+structures%2C+etc.\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=University+of+Virginia%2C+Special+Collections+Dept."}},{"attributes":{"label":"Algoma--Dwelling","value":"Algoma--Dwelling","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1974\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Algoma--Dwelling\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=University+of+Virginia%2C+Special+Collections+Dept."}},{"attributes":{"label":"Ashaninca","value":"Ashaninca","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1974\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Ashaninca\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=University+of+Virginia%2C+Special+Collections+Dept."}},{"attributes":{"label":"Athletics","value":"Athletics","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1974\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Athletics\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=University+of+Virginia%2C+Special+Collections+Dept."}},{"attributes":{"label":"Bardo Matrix (Firm)","value":"Bardo Matrix (Firm)","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1974\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Bardo+Matrix+%28Firm%29\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=University+of+Virginia%2C+Special+Collections+Dept."}},{"attributes":{"label":"Campa del Pichis","value":"Campa del Pichis","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1974\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Campa+del+Pichis\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=University+of+Virginia%2C+Special+Collections+Dept."}},{"attributes":{"label":"Cashibo indigenous group","value":"Cashibo indigenous group","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1974\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Cashibo+indigenous+group\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=University+of+Virginia%2C+Special+Collections+Dept."}},{"attributes":{"label":"Central America -- Politics and government -- 1979-","value":"Central America -- Politics and government -- 1979-","hits":2},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1974\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Central+America+--+Politics+and+government+--+1979-\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=University+of+Virginia%2C+Special+Collections+Dept."}},{"attributes":{"label":"Charlottesville (Va.)","value":"Charlottesville (Va.)","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1974\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Charlottesville+%28Va.%29\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=University+of+Virginia%2C+Special+Collections+Dept."}}]},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/geogname_ssim.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1974\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=University+of+Virginia%2C+Special+Collections+Dept."}},{"type":"facet","id":"access_subjects_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Subjects","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Academic freedom -- United States","value":"Academic freedom -- United States","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Academic+freedom+--+United+States\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1974\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=University+of+Virginia%2C+Special+Collections+Dept."}},{"attributes":{"label":"Accident law -- United States","value":"Accident law -- United States","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Accident+law+--+United+States\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1974\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=University+of+Virginia%2C+Special+Collections+Dept."}},{"attributes":{"label":"Account books","value":"Account books","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Account+books\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1974\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=University+of+Virginia%2C+Special+Collections+Dept."}},{"attributes":{"label":"Administrative courts  -- United States","value":"Administrative courts  -- United States","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Administrative+courts++--+United+States\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1974\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=University+of+Virginia%2C+Special+Collections+Dept."}},{"attributes":{"label":"Administrative law -- United States","value":"Administrative law -- United States","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Administrative+law+--+United+States\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1974\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=University+of+Virginia%2C+Special+Collections+Dept."}},{"attributes":{"label":"Administrative papers","value":"Administrative papers","hits":2},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Administrative+papers\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1974\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=University+of+Virginia%2C+Special+Collections+Dept."}},{"attributes":{"label":"Administrative procedure -- United States","value":"Administrative procedure -- United States","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Administrative+procedure+--+United+States\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1974\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=University+of+Virginia%2C+Special+Collections+Dept."}},{"attributes":{"label":"Advertising","value":"Advertising","hits":2},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Advertising\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1974\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=University+of+Virginia%2C+Special+Collections+Dept."}},{"attributes":{"label":"African American artists","value":"African American artists","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African+American+artists\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1974\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=University+of+Virginia%2C+Special+Collections+Dept."}},{"attributes":{"label":"African American business enterprises","value":"African American business enterprises","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African+American+business+enterprises\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1974\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=University+of+Virginia%2C+Special+Collections+Dept."}},{"attributes":{"label":"African American children","value":"African American children","hits":2},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African+American+children\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1974\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=University+of+Virginia%2C+Special+Collections+Dept."}}]},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/access_subjects_ssim.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1974\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=University+of+Virginia%2C+Special+Collections+Dept."}},{"type":"facet","id":"level_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Level","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Audio tape","value":"Audio tape","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1974\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Audio+tape\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=University+of+Virginia%2C+Special+Collections+Dept."}},{"attributes":{"label":"Binder ","value":"Binder ","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1974\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Binder+\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=University+of+Virginia%2C+Special+Collections+Dept."}},{"attributes":{"label":"Box","value":"Box","hits":148},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1974\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Box\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=University+of+Virginia%2C+Special+Collections+Dept."}},{"attributes":{"label":"Collection","value":"Collection","hits":367},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1974\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=University+of+Virginia%2C+Special+Collections+Dept."}},{"attributes":{"label":"File","value":"File","hits":2611},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1974\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=File\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=University+of+Virginia%2C+Special+Collections+Dept."}},{"attributes":{"label":"Item","value":"Item","hits":2158},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1974\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Item\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=University+of+Virginia%2C+Special+Collections+Dept."}},{"attributes":{"label":"Record Group","value":"Record Group","hits":4},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1974\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Record+Group\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=University+of+Virginia%2C+Special+Collections+Dept."}},{"attributes":{"label":"Series","value":"Series","hits":266},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1974\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Series\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=University+of+Virginia%2C+Special+Collections+Dept."}},{"attributes":{"label":"Sub-series","value":"Sub-series","hits":90},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1974\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Sub-series\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=University+of+Virginia%2C+Special+Collections+Dept."}},{"attributes":{"label":"Tab a","value":"Tab a","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1974\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Tab+a\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=University+of+Virginia%2C+Special+Collections+Dept."}},{"attributes":{"label":"Unspecified","value":"Unspecified","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1974\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Unspecified\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=University+of+Virginia%2C+Special+Collections+Dept."}}]},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/level_ssim.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1974\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=University+of+Virginia%2C+Special+Collections+Dept."}},{"type":"facet","id":"access","attributes":{"label":"Access","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Online access","value":"online","hits":39},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess%5D%5B%5D=online\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1974\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=University+of+Virginia%2C+Special+Collections+Dept."}}]},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/access.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1974\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=University+of+Virginia%2C+Special+Collections+Dept."}},{"type":"search_field","id":"all_fields","attributes":{"label":"All Fields"},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1974\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=University+of+Virginia%2C+Special+Collections+Dept.\u0026page=12\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"keyword","attributes":{"label":"Keyword"},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1974\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=University+of+Virginia%2C+Special+Collections+Dept.\u0026page=12\u0026search_field=keyword"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"name","attributes":{"label":"Name"},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1974\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=University+of+Virginia%2C+Special+Collections+Dept.\u0026page=12\u0026search_field=name"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"place","attributes":{"label":"Place"},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1974\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=University+of+Virginia%2C+Special+Collections+Dept.\u0026page=12\u0026search_field=place"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"subject","attributes":{"label":"Subject"},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1974\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=University+of+Virginia%2C+Special+Collections+Dept.\u0026page=12\u0026search_field=subject"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"title","attributes":{"label":"Title"},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1974\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=University+of+Virginia%2C+Special+Collections+Dept.\u0026page=12\u0026search_field=title"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"container","attributes":{"label":"Container"},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1974\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=University+of+Virginia%2C+Special+Collections+Dept.\u0026page=12\u0026search_field=container"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"identifier","attributes":{"label":"Identifier"},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1974\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=University+of+Virginia%2C+Special+Collections+Dept.\u0026page=12\u0026search_field=identifier"}},{"type":"sort","id":"score desc, title_sort asc","attributes":{"label":"relevance"},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1974\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=University+of+Virginia%2C+Special+Collections+Dept.\u0026page=12\u0026sort=score+desc%2C+title_sort+asc"}},{"type":"sort","id":"date_sort asc","attributes":{"label":"date (ascending)"},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1974\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=University+of+Virginia%2C+Special+Collections+Dept.\u0026page=12\u0026sort=date_sort+asc"}},{"type":"sort","id":"date_sort desc","attributes":{"label":"date (descending)"},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1974\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=University+of+Virginia%2C+Special+Collections+Dept.\u0026page=12\u0026sort=date_sort+desc"}},{"type":"sort","id":"creator_sort asc","attributes":{"label":"creator (A-Z)"},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1974\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=University+of+Virginia%2C+Special+Collections+Dept.\u0026page=12\u0026sort=creator_sort+asc"}},{"type":"sort","id":"creator_sort desc","attributes":{"label":"creator (Z-A)"},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1974\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=University+of+Virginia%2C+Special+Collections+Dept.\u0026page=12\u0026sort=creator_sort+desc"}},{"type":"sort","id":"title_sort asc","attributes":{"label":"title (A-Z)"},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1974\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=University+of+Virginia%2C+Special+Collections+Dept.\u0026page=12\u0026sort=title_sort+asc"}},{"type":"sort","id":"title_sort desc","attributes":{"label":"title (Z-A)"},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1974\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=University+of+Virginia%2C+Special+Collections+Dept.\u0026page=12\u0026sort=title_sort+desc"}}]}