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In the first two decades of publication, graphic designers used the cover to experiment with different designs, including cut-outs and textures."],"corpname_ssim":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts Archives","Virginia Museum of Fine Arts","Virginia Museum of Fine Arts -- Periodicals"],"names_coll_ssim":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts","Virginia Museum of Fine Arts -- Periodicals"],"names_ssim":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts Archives","Virginia Museum of Fine Arts","Virginia Museum of Fine Arts -- Periodicals"],"language_ssim":["English\n."],"total_component_count_is":79,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:42:01.770Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_60","ead_ssi":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_60","_root_":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_60","_nest_parent_":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_60","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VMFA/repositories_2_resources_60.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.vmfa.museum/repositories/2/resources/60","title_filing_ssi":"Arts in Virginia (PB-04)","title_ssm":["\"Arts in Virginia\" (PB-04)"],"title_tesim":["\"Arts in Virginia\" (PB-04)"],"unitdate_ssm":["1960-1993"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1960-1993"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1960/1993"],"normalized_title_ssm":["\"Arts in Virginia\" (PB-04), 1960/1993"],"text":["\"Arts in Virginia\" (PB-04), 1960/1993","PB-04","/repositories/2/resources/60","Art -- Virginia -- Periodicals","The collection is open for research.","The collection is organized into one series, and items are arranged chronologically within that series.","Series 1\n        \"Arts in Virginia\", 1960-1993","Bound volumes of \"Arts in Virginia\" are available in the Reading Room","The collection was transferred from the Library.","The archives strives to retain a minimum of 5 copies of each issue.","The collection's inclusive dates are 1960-1993 and contains a full run of \"Arts in Virginia.\"","The collection is subject to all copyright laws. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by copyright, beyond that allowed by fair use, requires the researcher to obtain permission of copyright holders.","The collection is part of the Publications Archive, and is comprised of archival copies of all \"Arts in Virginia\" issues published by the museum. Published quarterly until 1982, then irregularly until it ceased publication in 1992, \"Arts in Virginia\" was conceived as a privilege of membership in the museum and included articles about the museum's collection as well as the arts in Virginia. Noted local and national scholars were invited to publish their research, and sometimes guest edited entire issues. In the first two decades of publication, graphic designers used the cover to experiment with different designs, including cut-outs and textures.","Virginia Museum of Fine Arts Archives","Virginia Museum of Fine Arts","Virginia Museum of Fine Arts -- Periodicals","English\n."],"collection_title_tesim":["\"Arts in Virginia\" (PB-04), 1960/1993"],"collection_ssim":["\"Arts in Virginia\" (PB-04), 1960/1993"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["PB-04","/repositories/2/resources/60"],"unitid_tesim":["PB-04","/repositories/2/resources/60"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts"],"creator_ssm":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts","Virginia Museum of Fine Arts"],"creator_ssim":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts","Virginia Museum of Fine Arts"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts Archives","Virginia Museum of Fine Arts","Virginia Museum of Fine Arts -- Periodicals"],"creators_ssim":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts Archives","Virginia Museum of Fine Arts","Virginia Museum of Fine Arts -- Periodicals"],"access_terms_ssm":["The collection is subject to all copyright laws. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by copyright, beyond that allowed by fair use, requires the researcher to obtain permission of copyright holders."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Art -- Virginia -- Periodicals"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Art -- Virginia -- Periodicals"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["23.25 Linear Feet 409 items"],"extent_tesim":["23.25 Linear Feet 409 items"],"date_range_isim":[1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is organized into one series, and items are arranged chronologically within that series.\u003c/p\u003e    ","\u003clist type=\"deflist\"\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 1\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e\"Arts in Virginia\", 1960-1993\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is organized into one series, and items are arranged chronologically within that series.","Series 1\n        \"Arts in Virginia\", 1960-1993"],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cbibref\u003eBound volumes of \"Arts in Virginia\" are available in the Reading Room\u003c/bibref\u003e\n  "],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Related Materials - VMFA Library"],"bibliography_tesim":["Bound volumes of \"Arts in Virginia\" are available in the Reading Room"],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection was transferred from the Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Provenance"],"custodhist_tesim":["The collection was transferred from the Library."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\"Arts in Virginia\" (PB-04). VMFA Archives, Richmond, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["\"Arts in Virginia\" (PB-04). VMFA Archives, Richmond, Virginia."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe archives strives to retain a minimum of 5 copies of each issue.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The archives strives to retain a minimum of 5 copies of each issue."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection's inclusive dates are 1960-1993 and contains a full run of \"Arts in Virginia.\"\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection's inclusive dates are 1960-1993 and contains a full run of \"Arts in Virginia.\""],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is subject to all copyright laws. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by copyright, beyond that allowed by fair use, requires the researcher to obtain permission of copyright holders.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Publication"],"userestrict_tesim":["The collection is subject to all copyright laws. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by copyright, beyond that allowed by fair use, requires the researcher to obtain permission of copyright holders."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_6fb226a92f37cbb2ee6d30c2c7e69bcb\"\u003eThe collection is part of the Publications Archive, and is comprised of archival copies of all \"Arts in Virginia\" issues published by the museum. Published quarterly until 1982, then irregularly until it ceased publication in 1992, \"Arts in Virginia\" was conceived as a privilege of membership in the museum and included articles about the museum's collection as well as the arts in Virginia. Noted local and national scholars were invited to publish their research, and sometimes guest edited entire issues. In the first two decades of publication, graphic designers used the cover to experiment with different designs, including cut-outs and textures.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The collection is part of the Publications Archive, and is comprised of archival copies of all \"Arts in Virginia\" issues published by the museum. Published quarterly until 1982, then irregularly until it ceased publication in 1992, \"Arts in Virginia\" was conceived as a privilege of membership in the museum and included articles about the museum's collection as well as the arts in Virginia. Noted local and national scholars were invited to publish their research, and sometimes guest edited entire issues. In the first two decades of publication, graphic designers used the cover to experiment with different designs, including cut-outs and textures."],"corpname_ssim":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts Archives","Virginia Museum of Fine Arts","Virginia Museum of Fine Arts -- Periodicals"],"names_coll_ssim":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts","Virginia Museum of Fine Arts -- Periodicals"],"names_ssim":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts Archives","Virginia Museum of Fine Arts","Virginia Museum of Fine Arts -- Periodicals"],"language_ssim":["English\n."],"total_component_count_is":79,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:42:01.770Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/virmu_repositories_2_resources_60"}},{"id":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_465","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Benjamin L. Wigfall Artist Archives and Mary Carter Wigfall Personal Papers, 1880/2023","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/virmu_repositories_2_resources_465#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Wigfall, Benjamin L., 1930-2017","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/virmu_repositories_2_resources_465#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"The collection documents the life and work of Benjamin L. Wigfall, African American abstract expressionist artist. Benjamin L. Wigfall was the second African American artist to have a painting aquired by the VMFA, as well as the youngest ever artist to do the same. In addition to his work as an artist, Wigfall also taught and mentored in both Virginia at Hampton Institute, as well as New York at SUNY New Paltz and in his own community. Additionally, the collection contains documents related to the life and career of artist and educator, Mary Carter Wigfall, Benjamin L. Wigfall's wife. Mary C. Wigfall founded and directed the Migrant Childcare Center in New York from the early 1970s until her retirement in 1992.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/virmu_repositories_2_resources_465#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_465","ead_ssi":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_465","_root_":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_465","_nest_parent_":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_465","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VMFA/repositories_2_resources_465.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.vmfa.museum/repositories/2/resources/465","title_filing_ssi":"Wigfall, Benjamin (VA-12)","title_ssm":["Benjamin L. Wigfall Artist Archives and Mary Carter Wigfall Personal Papers"],"title_tesim":["Benjamin L. Wigfall Artist Archives and Mary Carter Wigfall Personal Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1880-2023"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1880-2023"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1880/2023"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Benjamin L. Wigfall Artist Archives and Mary Carter Wigfall Personal Papers, 1880/2023"],"text":["Benjamin L. Wigfall Artist Archives and Mary Carter Wigfall Personal Papers, 1880/2023","VA-12","/repositories/2/resources/465","Art, American","Art, American -- 20th century -- Virginia","Painting -- 20th century","Prints -- Technique","Woodcuts (prints).","Etchings (prints).","The collection is open for research.","The collection is organized into 10 series, and items are generally arranged chronologically within each series. Items with no date are generally placed at the end at each series.","Series 1\n        Benjamin L. Wigfall, 1944-2023\n      \n      \n        Series 2\n        Mary Carter Wigfall, 1949-2017\n      \n      \n        Series 3\n        Wigfall Family Records, 1944-2014\n      \n      \n        Series 4\n        Communications Village, 1880-1980\n      \n      \n        Series 5\n        Watermark/Cargo Gallery, 1969-2004\n      \n      \n        Series 6\n        Migrant Children's Center, 1965-1999\n      \n      \n        Series 7\n        New York, 1917-2018\n      \n      \n        Series 8\n        Art and Printmaking, 1951-1993\n      \n      \n        Series 9\n        Photography Projects - Communications Village, 1970s-2000s\n      \n      \n        Series 10\n        Other Artists and Friends, 1949-2020","Benjamin Leroy Wigfall was born on November 17th, 1930 in Richmond, VA to parents James Andrew and Willie Cogena Wigfall. Wigfall attended the segregated George Mason Elementary School in Richmond until 1944, and moved to Armstrong High School (also segregated) for his secondary education until 1948. Armstrong High School is where Wigfall began to grow artistically, with the help of his senior-year art teacher, Stafford W. Evans, who introduced him to the VMFA. After high school, Wigfall attended Hampton Institute (now University) in 1948, taking part of his first year for a medical leave of absence due to his epilepsy.","After receiving his Bachelor in Art Education from Hampton Institute in 1953, Wigfall transferred to Yale University in order to continue his graduate studies in 1954. During this time, he also took another leave of absence to teach at Hampton Institute as an Art Educator. Wigfall re-entered Yale in 1958, and finished with his Master of Fine Arts from Yale University's Department of Design.","Wigfall went on to found both Communications Village Ltd., a community arts center in Kingston, NY, and the Watermark/Cargo Gallery, a contemporary and African art gallery also in Kingston, New York.","The collection was donated by the artist's estate in December 2022. It was packed at Wigfall's home and studio in New Paltz, New York in September 2022.","In 2021, the museum was awarded a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities to fund 9 months of work for a graduate level intern during the 2022-2023 academic year. From October 2022 to June 2023, Nuelle Johnson performed all of the processing, description, rehousing and select digitization for the collection.","Item-level cataloging completed by Nuelle Johnson will continue to be added and updated in ArchivesSpace by Archivist Emily Johnson.","The collection's inclusive dates are 1880-2023, with the bulk of the material dating from the 1940s-1970s. The collection is comprised of correspondence, ephemera, publications, prints, slides, woodblocks, metal plates, photographs, certificates, financial documents, and more related to the life and work of both Benjamin L. Wigfall and Mary C. Wigfall.","The collection is subject to all copyright laws. VMFA has been granted a non-exclusive license to reproduce the collection only for their educational and publicity purposes by the Benjamin Wigfall Estate. Other digitized content is licensed for use under a Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial 4.0 International License.","Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by copyright, beyond that allowed by fair use, requires the researcher to obtain permission of copyright holders.","The collection documents the life and work of Benjamin L. Wigfall, African American abstract expressionist artist. Benjamin L. Wigfall was the second African American artist to have a painting aquired by the VMFA, as well as the youngest ever artist to do the same. In addition to his work as an artist, Wigfall also taught and mentored in both Virginia at Hampton Institute, as well as New York at SUNY New Paltz and in his own community. Additionally, the collection contains documents related to the life and career of artist and educator, Mary Carter Wigfall, Benjamin L. Wigfall's wife. Mary C. Wigfall founded and directed the Migrant Childcare Center in New York from the early 1970s until her retirement in 1992.","Virginia Museum of Fine Arts Archives","Virginia Museum of Fine Arts","Wigfall, Benjamin L., 1930-2017","Wigfall, Mary Carter, 1932-2020","Peebles, Jesse","Van Dyke, Vera","Hotton, Julia","Fitzgerald, George","VanDerzee, Betty Royal","Hatcher, Lester","Scott, Edward","Carpenter, Larry","Van Dyke, Michael","Gordon, Martin","Howell, Kenny","Drake, Alfreda","Easter, Sonia","Barnes, Phyllis","Washington, Debbie","Washington, Dawn","Hunt, Val","Peebles, Vanella","Lewis, Jackie","Wade, Melrin","Lewis, Margaret Wade","Van Dyke, Sharon","Easter, Yvonne Thomas","Renner, Frank","Jackson, Annie","Raleigh, Henry","Crichlow, Ernest, 1914-2005.","Washington, Leroy","Washington, Dennis","Johnson, George H. Ben, 1888-1970.","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Benjamin L. Wigfall Artist Archives and Mary Carter Wigfall Personal Papers, 1880/2023"],"collection_ssim":["Benjamin L. 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Ben, 1888-1970."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts Archives","Virginia Museum of Fine Arts"],"creators_ssim":["Wigfall, Benjamin L., 1930-2017","Wigfall, Mary Carter, 1932-2020","Peebles, Jesse","Van Dyke, Vera","Hotton, Julia","Fitzgerald, George","VanDerzee, Betty Royal","Hatcher, Lester","Scott, Edward","Carpenter, Larry","Van Dyke, Michael","Gordon, Martin","Howell, Kenny","Drake, Alfreda","Easter, Sonia","Barnes, Phyllis","Washington, Debbie","Washington, Dawn","Hunt, Val","Peebles, Vanella","Lewis, Jackie","Wade, Melrin","Lewis, Margaret Wade","Van Dyke, Sharon","Easter, Yvonne Thomas","Renner, Frank","Jackson, Annie","Raleigh, Henry","Crichlow, Ernest, 1914-2005.","Washington, Leroy","Washington, Dennis","Johnson, George H. Ben, 1888-1970.","Virginia Museum of Fine Arts Archives","Virginia Museum of Fine Arts"],"access_terms_ssm":["The collection is subject to all copyright laws. VMFA has been granted a non-exclusive license to reproduce the collection only for their educational and publicity purposes by the Benjamin Wigfall Estate. Other digitized content is licensed for use under a Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial 4.0 International License.","Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by copyright, beyond that allowed by fair use, requires the researcher to obtain permission of copyright holders."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Art, American","Art, American -- 20th century -- Virginia","Painting -- 20th century","Prints -- Technique","Woodcuts (prints).","Etchings (prints)."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Art, American","Art, American -- 20th century -- Virginia","Painting -- 20th century","Prints -- Technique","Woodcuts (prints).","Etchings (prints)."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["21.875 Linear Feet 50 boxes; 63 folders"],"extent_tesim":["21.875 Linear Feet 50 boxes; 63 folders"],"genreform_ssim":["Woodcuts (prints).","Etchings (prints)."],"date_range_isim":[1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018,2019,2020,2021,2022,2023],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is organized into 10 series, and items are generally arranged chronologically within each series. Items with no date are generally placed at the end at each series.\u003c/p\u003e    ","\u003clist type=\"deflist\"\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 1\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eBenjamin L. Wigfall, 1944-2023\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 2\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMary Carter Wigfall, 1949-2017\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 3\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eWigfall Family Records, 1944-2014\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 4\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eCommunications Village, 1880-1980\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 5\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eWatermark/Cargo Gallery, 1969-2004\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 6\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMigrant Children's Center, 1965-1999\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 7\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eNew York, 1917-2018\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 8\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eArt and Printmaking, 1951-1993\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 9\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003ePhotography Projects - Communications Village, 1970s-2000s\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 10\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eOther Artists and Friends, 1949-2020\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is organized into 10 series, and items are generally arranged chronologically within each series. Items with no date are generally placed at the end at each series.","Series 1\n        Benjamin L. Wigfall, 1944-2023\n      \n      \n        Series 2\n        Mary Carter Wigfall, 1949-2017\n      \n      \n        Series 3\n        Wigfall Family Records, 1944-2014\n      \n      \n        Series 4\n        Communications Village, 1880-1980\n      \n      \n        Series 5\n        Watermark/Cargo Gallery, 1969-2004\n      \n      \n        Series 6\n        Migrant Children's Center, 1965-1999\n      \n      \n        Series 7\n        New York, 1917-2018\n      \n      \n        Series 8\n        Art and Printmaking, 1951-1993\n      \n      \n        Series 9\n        Photography Projects - Communications Village, 1970s-2000s\n      \n      \n        Series 10\n        Other Artists and Friends, 1949-2020"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBenjamin Leroy Wigfall was born on November 17th, 1930 in Richmond, VA to parents James Andrew and Willie Cogena Wigfall. Wigfall attended the segregated George Mason Elementary School in Richmond until 1944, and moved to Armstrong High School (also segregated) for his secondary education until 1948. Armstrong High School is where Wigfall began to grow artistically, with the help of his senior-year art teacher, Stafford W. Evans, who introduced him to the VMFA. After high school, Wigfall attended Hampton Institute (now University) in 1948, taking part of his first year for a medical leave of absence due to his epilepsy. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAfter receiving his Bachelor in Art Education from Hampton Institute in 1953, Wigfall transferred to Yale University in order to continue his graduate studies in 1954. During this time, he also took another leave of absence to teach at Hampton Institute as an Art Educator. Wigfall re-entered Yale in 1958, and finished with his Master of Fine Arts from Yale University's Department of Design. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWigfall went on to found both Communications Village Ltd., a community arts center in Kingston, NY, and the Watermark/Cargo Gallery, a contemporary and African art gallery also in Kingston, New York.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Benjamin Leroy Wigfall was born on November 17th, 1930 in Richmond, VA to parents James Andrew and Willie Cogena Wigfall. Wigfall attended the segregated George Mason Elementary School in Richmond until 1944, and moved to Armstrong High School (also segregated) for his secondary education until 1948. Armstrong High School is where Wigfall began to grow artistically, with the help of his senior-year art teacher, Stafford W. Evans, who introduced him to the VMFA. After high school, Wigfall attended Hampton Institute (now University) in 1948, taking part of his first year for a medical leave of absence due to his epilepsy.","After receiving his Bachelor in Art Education from Hampton Institute in 1953, Wigfall transferred to Yale University in order to continue his graduate studies in 1954. During this time, he also took another leave of absence to teach at Hampton Institute as an Art Educator. Wigfall re-entered Yale in 1958, and finished with his Master of Fine Arts from Yale University's Department of Design.","Wigfall went on to found both Communications Village Ltd., a community arts center in Kingston, NY, and the Watermark/Cargo Gallery, a contemporary and African art gallery also in Kingston, New York."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection was donated by the artist's estate in December 2022. It was packed at Wigfall's home and studio in New Paltz, New York in September 2022.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Custodial History"],"custodhist_tesim":["The collection was donated by the artist's estate in December 2022. It was packed at Wigfall's home and studio in New Paltz, New York in September 2022."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBenjamin L. Wigfall Artist Archives and Mary Carter Wigfall Personal Papers (VA-12). Gift of Michael Gino Wigfall and Gia Oke-Bello. VMFA Archives, Richmond, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Benjamin L. Wigfall Artist Archives and Mary Carter Wigfall Personal Papers (VA-12). Gift of Michael Gino Wigfall and Gia Oke-Bello. VMFA Archives, Richmond, Virginia."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn 2021, the museum was awarded a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities to fund 9 months of work for a graduate level intern during the 2022-2023 academic year. From October 2022 to June 2023, Nuelle Johnson performed all of the processing, description, rehousing and select digitization for the collection.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eItem-level cataloging completed by Nuelle Johnson will continue to be added and updated in ArchivesSpace by Archivist Emily Johnson.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["In 2021, the museum was awarded a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities to fund 9 months of work for a graduate level intern during the 2022-2023 academic year. From October 2022 to June 2023, Nuelle Johnson performed all of the processing, description, rehousing and select digitization for the collection.","Item-level cataloging completed by Nuelle Johnson will continue to be added and updated in ArchivesSpace by Archivist Emily Johnson."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection's inclusive dates are 1880-2023, with the bulk of the material dating from the 1940s-1970s. The collection is comprised of correspondence, ephemera, publications, prints, slides, woodblocks, metal plates, photographs, certificates, financial documents, and more related to the life and work of both Benjamin L. Wigfall and Mary C. Wigfall.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection's inclusive dates are 1880-2023, with the bulk of the material dating from the 1940s-1970s. The collection is comprised of correspondence, ephemera, publications, prints, slides, woodblocks, metal plates, photographs, certificates, financial documents, and more related to the life and work of both Benjamin L. Wigfall and Mary C. Wigfall."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is subject to all copyright laws. VMFA has been granted a non-exclusive license to reproduce the collection only for their educational and publicity purposes by the Benjamin Wigfall Estate. Other digitized content is licensed for use under a \u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/\"\u003eCreative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial 4.0 International License\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTransmission or reproduction of materials protected by copyright, beyond that allowed by fair use, requires the researcher to obtain permission of copyright holders.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The collection is subject to all copyright laws. VMFA has been granted a non-exclusive license to reproduce the collection only for their educational and publicity purposes by the Benjamin Wigfall Estate. Other digitized content is licensed for use under a Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial 4.0 International License.","Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by copyright, beyond that allowed by fair use, requires the researcher to obtain permission of copyright holders."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_4aa27f66a6c0c2bf8444280ed5caacf4\"\u003eThe collection documents the life and work of Benjamin L. Wigfall, African American abstract expressionist artist. Benjamin L. Wigfall was the second African American artist to have a painting aquired by the VMFA, as well as the youngest ever artist to do the same. In addition to his work as an artist, Wigfall also taught and mentored in both Virginia at Hampton Institute, as well as New York at SUNY New Paltz and in his own community. Additionally, the collection contains documents related to the life and career of artist and educator, Mary Carter Wigfall, Benjamin L. Wigfall's wife. Mary C. Wigfall founded and directed the Migrant Childcare Center in New York from the early 1970s until her retirement in 1992.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The collection documents the life and work of Benjamin L. Wigfall, African American abstract expressionist artist. Benjamin L. Wigfall was the second African American artist to have a painting aquired by the VMFA, as well as the youngest ever artist to do the same. In addition to his work as an artist, Wigfall also taught and mentored in both Virginia at Hampton Institute, as well as New York at SUNY New Paltz and in his own community. Additionally, the collection contains documents related to the life and career of artist and educator, Mary Carter Wigfall, Benjamin L. Wigfall's wife. Mary C. Wigfall founded and directed the Migrant Childcare Center in New York from the early 1970s until her retirement in 1992."],"corpname_ssim":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts Archives","Virginia Museum of Fine Arts"],"persname_ssim":["Wigfall, Benjamin L., 1930-2017","Wigfall, Mary Carter, 1932-2020","Peebles, Jesse","Van Dyke, Vera","Hotton, Julia","Fitzgerald, George","VanDerzee, Betty Royal","Hatcher, Lester","Scott, Edward","Carpenter, Larry","Van Dyke, Michael","Gordon, Martin","Howell, Kenny","Drake, Alfreda","Easter, Sonia","Barnes, Phyllis","Washington, Debbie","Washington, Dawn","Hunt, Val","Peebles, Vanella","Lewis, Jackie","Wade, Melrin","Lewis, Margaret Wade","Van Dyke, Sharon","Easter, Yvonne Thomas","Renner, Frank","Jackson, Annie","Raleigh, Henry","Crichlow, Ernest, 1914-2005.","Washington, Leroy","Washington, Dennis","Johnson, George H. Ben, 1888-1970."],"names_coll_ssim":["Wigfall, Benjamin L., 1930-2017","Wigfall, Benjamin L., 1930-2017","Wigfall, Mary Carter, 1932-2020"],"names_ssim":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts Archives","Virginia Museum of Fine Arts","Wigfall, Benjamin L., 1930-2017","Wigfall, Mary Carter, 1932-2020","Peebles, Jesse","Van Dyke, Vera","Hotton, Julia","Fitzgerald, George","VanDerzee, Betty Royal","Hatcher, Lester","Scott, Edward","Carpenter, Larry","Van Dyke, Michael","Gordon, Martin","Howell, Kenny","Drake, Alfreda","Easter, Sonia","Barnes, Phyllis","Washington, Debbie","Washington, Dawn","Hunt, Val","Peebles, Vanella","Lewis, Jackie","Wade, Melrin","Lewis, Margaret Wade","Van Dyke, Sharon","Easter, Yvonne Thomas","Renner, Frank","Jackson, Annie","Raleigh, Henry","Crichlow, Ernest, 1914-2005.","Washington, Leroy","Washington, Dennis","Johnson, George H. Ben, 1888-1970."],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":397,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:42:01.770Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_465","ead_ssi":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_465","_root_":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_465","_nest_parent_":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_465","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VMFA/repositories_2_resources_465.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.vmfa.museum/repositories/2/resources/465","title_filing_ssi":"Wigfall, Benjamin (VA-12)","title_ssm":["Benjamin L. Wigfall Artist Archives and Mary Carter Wigfall Personal Papers"],"title_tesim":["Benjamin L. Wigfall Artist Archives and Mary Carter Wigfall Personal Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1880-2023"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1880-2023"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1880/2023"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Benjamin L. Wigfall Artist Archives and Mary Carter Wigfall Personal Papers, 1880/2023"],"text":["Benjamin L. Wigfall Artist Archives and Mary Carter Wigfall Personal Papers, 1880/2023","VA-12","/repositories/2/resources/465","Art, American","Art, American -- 20th century -- Virginia","Painting -- 20th century","Prints -- Technique","Woodcuts (prints).","Etchings (prints).","The collection is open for research.","The collection is organized into 10 series, and items are generally arranged chronologically within each series. Items with no date are generally placed at the end at each series.","Series 1\n        Benjamin L. Wigfall, 1944-2023\n      \n      \n        Series 2\n        Mary Carter Wigfall, 1949-2017\n      \n      \n        Series 3\n        Wigfall Family Records, 1944-2014\n      \n      \n        Series 4\n        Communications Village, 1880-1980\n      \n      \n        Series 5\n        Watermark/Cargo Gallery, 1969-2004\n      \n      \n        Series 6\n        Migrant Children's Center, 1965-1999\n      \n      \n        Series 7\n        New York, 1917-2018\n      \n      \n        Series 8\n        Art and Printmaking, 1951-1993\n      \n      \n        Series 9\n        Photography Projects - Communications Village, 1970s-2000s\n      \n      \n        Series 10\n        Other Artists and Friends, 1949-2020","Benjamin Leroy Wigfall was born on November 17th, 1930 in Richmond, VA to parents James Andrew and Willie Cogena Wigfall. Wigfall attended the segregated George Mason Elementary School in Richmond until 1944, and moved to Armstrong High School (also segregated) for his secondary education until 1948. Armstrong High School is where Wigfall began to grow artistically, with the help of his senior-year art teacher, Stafford W. Evans, who introduced him to the VMFA. After high school, Wigfall attended Hampton Institute (now University) in 1948, taking part of his first year for a medical leave of absence due to his epilepsy.","After receiving his Bachelor in Art Education from Hampton Institute in 1953, Wigfall transferred to Yale University in order to continue his graduate studies in 1954. During this time, he also took another leave of absence to teach at Hampton Institute as an Art Educator. Wigfall re-entered Yale in 1958, and finished with his Master of Fine Arts from Yale University's Department of Design.","Wigfall went on to found both Communications Village Ltd., a community arts center in Kingston, NY, and the Watermark/Cargo Gallery, a contemporary and African art gallery also in Kingston, New York.","The collection was donated by the artist's estate in December 2022. It was packed at Wigfall's home and studio in New Paltz, New York in September 2022.","In 2021, the museum was awarded a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities to fund 9 months of work for a graduate level intern during the 2022-2023 academic year. From October 2022 to June 2023, Nuelle Johnson performed all of the processing, description, rehousing and select digitization for the collection.","Item-level cataloging completed by Nuelle Johnson will continue to be added and updated in ArchivesSpace by Archivist Emily Johnson.","The collection's inclusive dates are 1880-2023, with the bulk of the material dating from the 1940s-1970s. The collection is comprised of correspondence, ephemera, publications, prints, slides, woodblocks, metal plates, photographs, certificates, financial documents, and more related to the life and work of both Benjamin L. Wigfall and Mary C. Wigfall.","The collection is subject to all copyright laws. VMFA has been granted a non-exclusive license to reproduce the collection only for their educational and publicity purposes by the Benjamin Wigfall Estate. Other digitized content is licensed for use under a Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial 4.0 International License.","Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by copyright, beyond that allowed by fair use, requires the researcher to obtain permission of copyright holders.","The collection documents the life and work of Benjamin L. Wigfall, African American abstract expressionist artist. Benjamin L. Wigfall was the second African American artist to have a painting aquired by the VMFA, as well as the youngest ever artist to do the same. In addition to his work as an artist, Wigfall also taught and mentored in both Virginia at Hampton Institute, as well as New York at SUNY New Paltz and in his own community. Additionally, the collection contains documents related to the life and career of artist and educator, Mary Carter Wigfall, Benjamin L. Wigfall's wife. Mary C. Wigfall founded and directed the Migrant Childcare Center in New York from the early 1970s until her retirement in 1992.","Virginia Museum of Fine Arts Archives","Virginia Museum of Fine Arts","Wigfall, Benjamin L., 1930-2017","Wigfall, Mary Carter, 1932-2020","Peebles, Jesse","Van Dyke, Vera","Hotton, Julia","Fitzgerald, George","VanDerzee, Betty Royal","Hatcher, Lester","Scott, Edward","Carpenter, Larry","Van Dyke, Michael","Gordon, Martin","Howell, Kenny","Drake, Alfreda","Easter, Sonia","Barnes, Phyllis","Washington, Debbie","Washington, Dawn","Hunt, Val","Peebles, Vanella","Lewis, Jackie","Wade, Melrin","Lewis, Margaret Wade","Van Dyke, Sharon","Easter, Yvonne Thomas","Renner, Frank","Jackson, Annie","Raleigh, Henry","Crichlow, Ernest, 1914-2005.","Washington, Leroy","Washington, Dennis","Johnson, George H. Ben, 1888-1970.","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Benjamin L. Wigfall Artist Archives and Mary Carter Wigfall Personal Papers, 1880/2023"],"collection_ssim":["Benjamin L. Wigfall Artist Archives and Mary Carter Wigfall Personal Papers, 1880/2023"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["VA-12","/repositories/2/resources/465"],"unitid_tesim":["VA-12","/repositories/2/resources/465"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts"],"creator_ssm":["Wigfall, Benjamin L., 1930-2017","Wigfall, Benjamin L., 1930-2017","Wigfall, Mary Carter, 1932-2020"],"creator_ssim":["Wigfall, Benjamin L., 1930-2017","Wigfall, Benjamin L., 1930-2017","Wigfall, Mary Carter, 1932-2020"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Wigfall, Benjamin L., 1930-2017","Wigfall, Mary Carter, 1932-2020","Peebles, Jesse","Van Dyke, Vera","Hotton, Julia","Fitzgerald, George","VanDerzee, Betty Royal","Hatcher, Lester","Scott, Edward","Carpenter, Larry","Van Dyke, Michael","Gordon, Martin","Howell, Kenny","Drake, Alfreda","Easter, Sonia","Barnes, Phyllis","Washington, Debbie","Washington, Dawn","Hunt, Val","Peebles, Vanella","Lewis, Jackie","Wade, Melrin","Lewis, Margaret Wade","Van Dyke, Sharon","Easter, Yvonne Thomas","Renner, Frank","Jackson, Annie","Raleigh, Henry","Crichlow, Ernest, 1914-2005.","Washington, Leroy","Washington, Dennis","Johnson, George H. Ben, 1888-1970."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts Archives","Virginia Museum of Fine Arts"],"creators_ssim":["Wigfall, Benjamin L., 1930-2017","Wigfall, Mary Carter, 1932-2020","Peebles, Jesse","Van Dyke, Vera","Hotton, Julia","Fitzgerald, George","VanDerzee, Betty Royal","Hatcher, Lester","Scott, Edward","Carpenter, Larry","Van Dyke, Michael","Gordon, Martin","Howell, Kenny","Drake, Alfreda","Easter, Sonia","Barnes, Phyllis","Washington, Debbie","Washington, Dawn","Hunt, Val","Peebles, Vanella","Lewis, Jackie","Wade, Melrin","Lewis, Margaret Wade","Van Dyke, Sharon","Easter, Yvonne Thomas","Renner, Frank","Jackson, Annie","Raleigh, Henry","Crichlow, Ernest, 1914-2005.","Washington, Leroy","Washington, Dennis","Johnson, George H. Ben, 1888-1970.","Virginia Museum of Fine Arts Archives","Virginia Museum of Fine Arts"],"access_terms_ssm":["The collection is subject to all copyright laws. VMFA has been granted a non-exclusive license to reproduce the collection only for their educational and publicity purposes by the Benjamin Wigfall Estate. Other digitized content is licensed for use under a Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial 4.0 International License.","Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by copyright, beyond that allowed by fair use, requires the researcher to obtain permission of copyright holders."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Art, American","Art, American -- 20th century -- Virginia","Painting -- 20th century","Prints -- Technique","Woodcuts (prints).","Etchings (prints)."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Art, American","Art, American -- 20th century -- Virginia","Painting -- 20th century","Prints -- Technique","Woodcuts (prints).","Etchings (prints)."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["21.875 Linear Feet 50 boxes; 63 folders"],"extent_tesim":["21.875 Linear Feet 50 boxes; 63 folders"],"genreform_ssim":["Woodcuts (prints).","Etchings (prints)."],"date_range_isim":[1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018,2019,2020,2021,2022,2023],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is organized into 10 series, and items are generally arranged chronologically within each series. Items with no date are generally placed at the end at each series.\u003c/p\u003e    ","\u003clist type=\"deflist\"\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 1\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eBenjamin L. Wigfall, 1944-2023\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 2\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMary Carter Wigfall, 1949-2017\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 3\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eWigfall Family Records, 1944-2014\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 4\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eCommunications Village, 1880-1980\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 5\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eWatermark/Cargo Gallery, 1969-2004\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 6\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMigrant Children's Center, 1965-1999\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 7\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eNew York, 1917-2018\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 8\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eArt and Printmaking, 1951-1993\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 9\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003ePhotography Projects - Communications Village, 1970s-2000s\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 10\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eOther Artists and Friends, 1949-2020\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is organized into 10 series, and items are generally arranged chronologically within each series. Items with no date are generally placed at the end at each series.","Series 1\n        Benjamin L. Wigfall, 1944-2023\n      \n      \n        Series 2\n        Mary Carter Wigfall, 1949-2017\n      \n      \n        Series 3\n        Wigfall Family Records, 1944-2014\n      \n      \n        Series 4\n        Communications Village, 1880-1980\n      \n      \n        Series 5\n        Watermark/Cargo Gallery, 1969-2004\n      \n      \n        Series 6\n        Migrant Children's Center, 1965-1999\n      \n      \n        Series 7\n        New York, 1917-2018\n      \n      \n        Series 8\n        Art and Printmaking, 1951-1993\n      \n      \n        Series 9\n        Photography Projects - Communications Village, 1970s-2000s\n      \n      \n        Series 10\n        Other Artists and Friends, 1949-2020"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBenjamin Leroy Wigfall was born on November 17th, 1930 in Richmond, VA to parents James Andrew and Willie Cogena Wigfall. Wigfall attended the segregated George Mason Elementary School in Richmond until 1944, and moved to Armstrong High School (also segregated) for his secondary education until 1948. Armstrong High School is where Wigfall began to grow artistically, with the help of his senior-year art teacher, Stafford W. Evans, who introduced him to the VMFA. After high school, Wigfall attended Hampton Institute (now University) in 1948, taking part of his first year for a medical leave of absence due to his epilepsy. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAfter receiving his Bachelor in Art Education from Hampton Institute in 1953, Wigfall transferred to Yale University in order to continue his graduate studies in 1954. During this time, he also took another leave of absence to teach at Hampton Institute as an Art Educator. Wigfall re-entered Yale in 1958, and finished with his Master of Fine Arts from Yale University's Department of Design. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWigfall went on to found both Communications Village Ltd., a community arts center in Kingston, NY, and the Watermark/Cargo Gallery, a contemporary and African art gallery also in Kingston, New York.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Benjamin Leroy Wigfall was born on November 17th, 1930 in Richmond, VA to parents James Andrew and Willie Cogena Wigfall. Wigfall attended the segregated George Mason Elementary School in Richmond until 1944, and moved to Armstrong High School (also segregated) for his secondary education until 1948. Armstrong High School is where Wigfall began to grow artistically, with the help of his senior-year art teacher, Stafford W. Evans, who introduced him to the VMFA. After high school, Wigfall attended Hampton Institute (now University) in 1948, taking part of his first year for a medical leave of absence due to his epilepsy.","After receiving his Bachelor in Art Education from Hampton Institute in 1953, Wigfall transferred to Yale University in order to continue his graduate studies in 1954. During this time, he also took another leave of absence to teach at Hampton Institute as an Art Educator. Wigfall re-entered Yale in 1958, and finished with his Master of Fine Arts from Yale University's Department of Design.","Wigfall went on to found both Communications Village Ltd., a community arts center in Kingston, NY, and the Watermark/Cargo Gallery, a contemporary and African art gallery also in Kingston, New York."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection was donated by the artist's estate in December 2022. It was packed at Wigfall's home and studio in New Paltz, New York in September 2022.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Custodial History"],"custodhist_tesim":["The collection was donated by the artist's estate in December 2022. It was packed at Wigfall's home and studio in New Paltz, New York in September 2022."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBenjamin L. Wigfall Artist Archives and Mary Carter Wigfall Personal Papers (VA-12). Gift of Michael Gino Wigfall and Gia Oke-Bello. VMFA Archives, Richmond, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Benjamin L. Wigfall Artist Archives and Mary Carter Wigfall Personal Papers (VA-12). Gift of Michael Gino Wigfall and Gia Oke-Bello. VMFA Archives, Richmond, Virginia."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn 2021, the museum was awarded a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities to fund 9 months of work for a graduate level intern during the 2022-2023 academic year. From October 2022 to June 2023, Nuelle Johnson performed all of the processing, description, rehousing and select digitization for the collection.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eItem-level cataloging completed by Nuelle Johnson will continue to be added and updated in ArchivesSpace by Archivist Emily Johnson.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["In 2021, the museum was awarded a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities to fund 9 months of work for a graduate level intern during the 2022-2023 academic year. From October 2022 to June 2023, Nuelle Johnson performed all of the processing, description, rehousing and select digitization for the collection.","Item-level cataloging completed by Nuelle Johnson will continue to be added and updated in ArchivesSpace by Archivist Emily Johnson."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection's inclusive dates are 1880-2023, with the bulk of the material dating from the 1940s-1970s. The collection is comprised of correspondence, ephemera, publications, prints, slides, woodblocks, metal plates, photographs, certificates, financial documents, and more related to the life and work of both Benjamin L. Wigfall and Mary C. Wigfall.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection's inclusive dates are 1880-2023, with the bulk of the material dating from the 1940s-1970s. The collection is comprised of correspondence, ephemera, publications, prints, slides, woodblocks, metal plates, photographs, certificates, financial documents, and more related to the life and work of both Benjamin L. Wigfall and Mary C. Wigfall."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is subject to all copyright laws. VMFA has been granted a non-exclusive license to reproduce the collection only for their educational and publicity purposes by the Benjamin Wigfall Estate. Other digitized content is licensed for use under a \u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/\"\u003eCreative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial 4.0 International License\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTransmission or reproduction of materials protected by copyright, beyond that allowed by fair use, requires the researcher to obtain permission of copyright holders.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The collection is subject to all copyright laws. VMFA has been granted a non-exclusive license to reproduce the collection only for their educational and publicity purposes by the Benjamin Wigfall Estate. Other digitized content is licensed for use under a Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial 4.0 International License.","Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by copyright, beyond that allowed by fair use, requires the researcher to obtain permission of copyright holders."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_4aa27f66a6c0c2bf8444280ed5caacf4\"\u003eThe collection documents the life and work of Benjamin L. Wigfall, African American abstract expressionist artist. Benjamin L. Wigfall was the second African American artist to have a painting aquired by the VMFA, as well as the youngest ever artist to do the same. In addition to his work as an artist, Wigfall also taught and mentored in both Virginia at Hampton Institute, as well as New York at SUNY New Paltz and in his own community. Additionally, the collection contains documents related to the life and career of artist and educator, Mary Carter Wigfall, Benjamin L. Wigfall's wife. Mary C. Wigfall founded and directed the Migrant Childcare Center in New York from the early 1970s until her retirement in 1992.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The collection documents the life and work of Benjamin L. Wigfall, African American abstract expressionist artist. Benjamin L. Wigfall was the second African American artist to have a painting aquired by the VMFA, as well as the youngest ever artist to do the same. In addition to his work as an artist, Wigfall also taught and mentored in both Virginia at Hampton Institute, as well as New York at SUNY New Paltz and in his own community. Additionally, the collection contains documents related to the life and career of artist and educator, Mary Carter Wigfall, Benjamin L. Wigfall's wife. Mary C. Wigfall founded and directed the Migrant Childcare Center in New York from the early 1970s until her retirement in 1992."],"corpname_ssim":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts Archives","Virginia Museum of Fine Arts"],"persname_ssim":["Wigfall, Benjamin L., 1930-2017","Wigfall, Mary Carter, 1932-2020","Peebles, Jesse","Van Dyke, Vera","Hotton, Julia","Fitzgerald, George","VanDerzee, Betty Royal","Hatcher, Lester","Scott, Edward","Carpenter, Larry","Van Dyke, Michael","Gordon, Martin","Howell, Kenny","Drake, Alfreda","Easter, Sonia","Barnes, Phyllis","Washington, Debbie","Washington, Dawn","Hunt, Val","Peebles, Vanella","Lewis, Jackie","Wade, Melrin","Lewis, Margaret Wade","Van Dyke, Sharon","Easter, Yvonne Thomas","Renner, Frank","Jackson, Annie","Raleigh, Henry","Crichlow, Ernest, 1914-2005.","Washington, Leroy","Washington, Dennis","Johnson, George H. Ben, 1888-1970."],"names_coll_ssim":["Wigfall, Benjamin L., 1930-2017","Wigfall, Benjamin L., 1930-2017","Wigfall, Mary Carter, 1932-2020"],"names_ssim":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts Archives","Virginia Museum of Fine Arts","Wigfall, Benjamin L., 1930-2017","Wigfall, Mary Carter, 1932-2020","Peebles, Jesse","Van Dyke, Vera","Hotton, Julia","Fitzgerald, George","VanDerzee, Betty Royal","Hatcher, Lester","Scott, Edward","Carpenter, Larry","Van Dyke, Michael","Gordon, Martin","Howell, Kenny","Drake, Alfreda","Easter, Sonia","Barnes, Phyllis","Washington, Debbie","Washington, Dawn","Hunt, Val","Peebles, Vanella","Lewis, Jackie","Wade, Melrin","Lewis, Margaret Wade","Van Dyke, Sharon","Easter, Yvonne Thomas","Renner, Frank","Jackson, Annie","Raleigh, Henry","Crichlow, Ernest, 1914-2005.","Washington, Leroy","Washington, Dennis","Johnson, George H. Ben, 1888-1970."],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":397,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:42:01.770Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/virmu_repositories_2_resources_465"}},{"id":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_199","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Beuford Smith Archives (SC-32), 1964/2003","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/virmu_repositories_2_resources_199#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Smith, Beuford, 1941-","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/virmu_repositories_2_resources_199#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"The collection helps document the formation of the Kamoinge Workshop in the early 1960s, including a notebook with minutes from their earliest meetings. Photographs from the collection show the early members of Kamoinge, and in particular focuses on the life of Louis H. Draper (1935-2002).","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/virmu_repositories_2_resources_199#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_199","ead_ssi":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_199","_root_":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_199","_nest_parent_":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_199","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VMFA/repositories_2_resources_199.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.vmfa.museum/repositories/2/resources/199","title_filing_ssi":"Smith, Beuford (SC-32)","title_ssm":["Beuford Smith Archives (SC-32)"],"title_tesim":["Beuford Smith Archives (SC-32)"],"unitdate_ssm":["1964-2003"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1964-2003"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1964/2003"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Beuford Smith Archives (SC-32), 1964/2003"],"text":["Beuford Smith Archives (SC-32), 1964/2003","SC-32","/repositories/2/resources/199","Photography, Artistic","African American photographers","Black photographers","The collection is open for research. The digital collection can be accessed through the VMFA Collections Search website.","The collection is organized into two series, and items are generally arranged chronologically within each series. Items with no date are placed at the end at each series.","Series 1\n        Kamoinge Workshop, 1964-late 1990s\n      \n      \n        Series 2\n        Louis Draper, 1966-2003","The collection was donated to the VMFA in August 2019 by Beuford Smith.","The collection is subject to all copyright laws. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by copyright, beyond that allowed by fair use, requires the researcher to obtain permission of copyright holders.","The collection helps document the formation of the Kamoinge Workshop in the early 1960s, including a notebook with minutes from their earliest meetings. Photographs from the collection show the early members of Kamoinge, and in particular focuses on the life of Louis H. Draper (1935-2002).","Virginia Museum of Fine Arts Archives","Kamoinge Inc.‏","Smith, Beuford, 1941-","Draper, Louis H., 1935-2002","Francis, James \"Ray\"","Sawyer, Frank","Cowans, Adger W., 1936-","Randall, Herbert, 1936-","Walker, Shawn, 1940-","Wilson, Calvin, 1924-","Barboza, Anthony, 1944-","Martin, Steve","Robinson, Herb","Stewart, Frank, 1949-","Fennar, Albert, 1938-","Dawson, C. Daniel","Parks, Toni","Reed, Eli, 1946-","DeCarava, Roy, 1919-2009","Howard, Herman","Gloster, Dorothy","Gloster, Brandon","Kunsman, Eric T., 1975-","Saretzky, Gary D.","Leipzig, Melvin, 1935-","English\n."],"collection_title_tesim":["Beuford Smith Archives (SC-32), 1964/2003"],"collection_ssim":["Beuford Smith Archives (SC-32), 1964/2003"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC-32","/repositories/2/resources/199"],"unitid_tesim":["SC-32","/repositories/2/resources/199"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts"],"creator_ssm":["Smith, Beuford, 1941-","Smith, Beuford, 1941-"],"creator_ssim":["Smith, Beuford, 1941-","Smith, Beuford, 1941-"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Smith, Beuford, 1941-","Draper, Louis H., 1935-2002","Francis, James \"Ray\"","Sawyer, Frank","Cowans, Adger W., 1936-","Randall, Herbert, 1936-","Walker, Shawn, 1940-","Wilson, Calvin, 1924-","Barboza, Anthony, 1944-","Martin, Steve","Robinson, Herb","Stewart, Frank, 1949-","Fennar, Albert, 1938-","Dawson, C. Daniel","Parks, Toni","Reed, Eli, 1946-","DeCarava, Roy, 1919-2009","Howard, Herman","Gloster, Dorothy","Gloster, Brandon","Kunsman, Eric T., 1975-","Saretzky, Gary D.","Leipzig, Melvin, 1935-"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts Archives","Kamoinge Inc.‏"],"creators_ssim":["Smith, Beuford, 1941-","Draper, Louis H., 1935-2002","Francis, James \"Ray\"","Sawyer, Frank","Cowans, Adger W., 1936-","Randall, Herbert, 1936-","Walker, Shawn, 1940-","Wilson, Calvin, 1924-","Barboza, Anthony, 1944-","Martin, Steve","Robinson, Herb","Stewart, Frank, 1949-","Fennar, Albert, 1938-","Dawson, C. Daniel","Parks, Toni","Reed, Eli, 1946-","DeCarava, Roy, 1919-2009","Howard, Herman","Gloster, Dorothy","Gloster, Brandon","Kunsman, Eric T., 1975-","Saretzky, Gary D.","Leipzig, Melvin, 1935-","Virginia Museum of Fine Arts Archives","Kamoinge Inc.‏"],"access_terms_ssm":["The collection is subject to all copyright laws. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by copyright, beyond that allowed by fair use, requires the researcher to obtain permission of copyright holders."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Photography, Artistic","African American photographers","Black photographers"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Photography, Artistic","African American photographers","Black photographers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.25 Linear Feet 1 box; 54 items"],"extent_tesim":["0.25 Linear Feet 1 box; 54 items"],"date_range_isim":[1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research. The digital collection can be accessed through the \u003ca href=\"https://www.vmfa.museum/collections/search-archives/\"\u003eVMFA Collections Search website\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research. The digital collection can be accessed through the VMFA Collections Search website."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is organized into two series, and items are generally arranged chronologically within each series. Items with no date are placed at the end at each series.\u003c/p\u003e    ","\u003clist type=\"deflist\"\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 1\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eKamoinge Workshop, 1964-late 1990s\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 2\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eLouis Draper, 1966-2003\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is organized into two series, and items are generally arranged chronologically within each series. Items with no date are placed at the end at each series.","Series 1\n        Kamoinge Workshop, 1964-late 1990s\n      \n      \n        Series 2\n        Louis Draper, 1966-2003"],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection was donated to the VMFA in August 2019 by Beuford Smith.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Custodial History"],"custodhist_tesim":["The collection was donated to the VMFA in August 2019 by Beuford Smith."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBeuford Smith Archives (SC-32). Gift of the Beuford Smith Collection. VMFA Archives, Richmond, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Beuford Smith Archives (SC-32). Gift of the Beuford Smith Collection. VMFA Archives, Richmond, Virginia."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is subject to all copyright laws. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by copyright, beyond that allowed by fair use, requires the researcher to obtain permission of copyright holders.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The collection is subject to all copyright laws. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by copyright, beyond that allowed by fair use, requires the researcher to obtain permission of copyright holders."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_302afc3659ca2f43180973899648c17a\"\u003eThe collection helps document the formation of the Kamoinge Workshop in the early 1960s, including a notebook with minutes from their earliest meetings. Photographs from the collection show the early members of Kamoinge, and in particular focuses on the life of Louis H. Draper (1935-2002).\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The collection helps document the formation of the Kamoinge Workshop in the early 1960s, including a notebook with minutes from their earliest meetings. Photographs from the collection show the early members of Kamoinge, and in particular focuses on the life of Louis H. Draper (1935-2002)."],"corpname_ssim":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts Archives","Kamoinge Inc.‏"],"names_coll_ssim":["Kamoinge Inc.‏","Smith, Beuford, 1941-","Draper, Louis H., 1935-2002"],"persname_ssim":["Smith, Beuford, 1941-","Draper, Louis H., 1935-2002","Francis, James \"Ray\"","Sawyer, Frank","Cowans, Adger W., 1936-","Randall, Herbert, 1936-","Walker, Shawn, 1940-","Wilson, Calvin, 1924-","Barboza, Anthony, 1944-","Martin, Steve","Robinson, Herb","Stewart, Frank, 1949-","Fennar, Albert, 1938-","Dawson, C. Daniel","Parks, Toni","Reed, Eli, 1946-","DeCarava, Roy, 1919-2009","Howard, Herman","Gloster, Dorothy","Gloster, Brandon","Kunsman, Eric T., 1975-","Saretzky, Gary D.","Leipzig, Melvin, 1935-"],"names_ssim":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts Archives","Kamoinge Inc.‏","Smith, Beuford, 1941-","Draper, Louis H., 1935-2002","Francis, James \"Ray\"","Sawyer, Frank","Cowans, Adger W., 1936-","Randall, Herbert, 1936-","Walker, Shawn, 1940-","Wilson, Calvin, 1924-","Barboza, Anthony, 1944-","Martin, Steve","Robinson, Herb","Stewart, Frank, 1949-","Fennar, Albert, 1938-","Dawson, C. Daniel","Parks, Toni","Reed, Eli, 1946-","DeCarava, Roy, 1919-2009","Howard, Herman","Gloster, Dorothy","Gloster, Brandon","Kunsman, Eric T., 1975-","Saretzky, Gary D.","Leipzig, Melvin, 1935-"],"language_ssim":["English\n."],"total_component_count_is":58,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:40:21.394Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_199","ead_ssi":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_199","_root_":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_199","_nest_parent_":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_199","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VMFA/repositories_2_resources_199.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.vmfa.museum/repositories/2/resources/199","title_filing_ssi":"Smith, Beuford (SC-32)","title_ssm":["Beuford Smith Archives (SC-32)"],"title_tesim":["Beuford Smith Archives (SC-32)"],"unitdate_ssm":["1964-2003"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1964-2003"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1964/2003"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Beuford Smith Archives (SC-32), 1964/2003"],"text":["Beuford Smith Archives (SC-32), 1964/2003","SC-32","/repositories/2/resources/199","Photography, Artistic","African American photographers","Black photographers","The collection is open for research. The digital collection can be accessed through the VMFA Collections Search website.","The collection is organized into two series, and items are generally arranged chronologically within each series. Items with no date are placed at the end at each series.","Series 1\n        Kamoinge Workshop, 1964-late 1990s\n      \n      \n        Series 2\n        Louis Draper, 1966-2003","The collection was donated to the VMFA in August 2019 by Beuford Smith.","The collection is subject to all copyright laws. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by copyright, beyond that allowed by fair use, requires the researcher to obtain permission of copyright holders.","The collection helps document the formation of the Kamoinge Workshop in the early 1960s, including a notebook with minutes from their earliest meetings. Photographs from the collection show the early members of Kamoinge, and in particular focuses on the life of Louis H. Draper (1935-2002).","Virginia Museum of Fine Arts Archives","Kamoinge Inc.‏","Smith, Beuford, 1941-","Draper, Louis H., 1935-2002","Francis, James \"Ray\"","Sawyer, Frank","Cowans, Adger W., 1936-","Randall, Herbert, 1936-","Walker, Shawn, 1940-","Wilson, Calvin, 1924-","Barboza, Anthony, 1944-","Martin, Steve","Robinson, Herb","Stewart, Frank, 1949-","Fennar, Albert, 1938-","Dawson, C. Daniel","Parks, Toni","Reed, Eli, 1946-","DeCarava, Roy, 1919-2009","Howard, Herman","Gloster, Dorothy","Gloster, Brandon","Kunsman, Eric T., 1975-","Saretzky, Gary D.","Leipzig, Melvin, 1935-","English\n."],"collection_title_tesim":["Beuford Smith Archives (SC-32), 1964/2003"],"collection_ssim":["Beuford Smith Archives (SC-32), 1964/2003"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC-32","/repositories/2/resources/199"],"unitid_tesim":["SC-32","/repositories/2/resources/199"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts"],"creator_ssm":["Smith, Beuford, 1941-","Smith, Beuford, 1941-"],"creator_ssim":["Smith, Beuford, 1941-","Smith, Beuford, 1941-"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Smith, Beuford, 1941-","Draper, Louis H., 1935-2002","Francis, James \"Ray\"","Sawyer, Frank","Cowans, Adger W., 1936-","Randall, Herbert, 1936-","Walker, Shawn, 1940-","Wilson, Calvin, 1924-","Barboza, Anthony, 1944-","Martin, Steve","Robinson, Herb","Stewart, Frank, 1949-","Fennar, Albert, 1938-","Dawson, C. Daniel","Parks, Toni","Reed, Eli, 1946-","DeCarava, Roy, 1919-2009","Howard, Herman","Gloster, Dorothy","Gloster, Brandon","Kunsman, Eric T., 1975-","Saretzky, Gary D.","Leipzig, Melvin, 1935-"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts Archives","Kamoinge Inc.‏"],"creators_ssim":["Smith, Beuford, 1941-","Draper, Louis H., 1935-2002","Francis, James \"Ray\"","Sawyer, Frank","Cowans, Adger W., 1936-","Randall, Herbert, 1936-","Walker, Shawn, 1940-","Wilson, Calvin, 1924-","Barboza, Anthony, 1944-","Martin, Steve","Robinson, Herb","Stewart, Frank, 1949-","Fennar, Albert, 1938-","Dawson, C. Daniel","Parks, Toni","Reed, Eli, 1946-","DeCarava, Roy, 1919-2009","Howard, Herman","Gloster, Dorothy","Gloster, Brandon","Kunsman, Eric T., 1975-","Saretzky, Gary D.","Leipzig, Melvin, 1935-","Virginia Museum of Fine Arts Archives","Kamoinge Inc.‏"],"access_terms_ssm":["The collection is subject to all copyright laws. 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The digital collection can be accessed through the \u003ca href=\"https://www.vmfa.museum/collections/search-archives/\"\u003eVMFA Collections Search website\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research. The digital collection can be accessed through the VMFA Collections Search website."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is organized into two series, and items are generally arranged chronologically within each series. Items with no date are placed at the end at each series.\u003c/p\u003e    ","\u003clist type=\"deflist\"\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 1\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eKamoinge Workshop, 1964-late 1990s\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 2\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eLouis Draper, 1966-2003\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is organized into two series, and items are generally arranged chronologically within each series. 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Draper (1935-2002).\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The collection helps document the formation of the Kamoinge Workshop in the early 1960s, including a notebook with minutes from their earliest meetings. Photographs from the collection show the early members of Kamoinge, and in particular focuses on the life of Louis H. Draper (1935-2002)."],"corpname_ssim":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts Archives","Kamoinge Inc.‏"],"names_coll_ssim":["Kamoinge Inc.‏","Smith, Beuford, 1941-","Draper, Louis H., 1935-2002"],"persname_ssim":["Smith, Beuford, 1941-","Draper, Louis H., 1935-2002","Francis, James \"Ray\"","Sawyer, Frank","Cowans, Adger W., 1936-","Randall, Herbert, 1936-","Walker, Shawn, 1940-","Wilson, Calvin, 1924-","Barboza, Anthony, 1944-","Martin, Steve","Robinson, Herb","Stewart, Frank, 1949-","Fennar, Albert, 1938-","Dawson, C. Daniel","Parks, Toni","Reed, Eli, 1946-","DeCarava, Roy, 1919-2009","Howard, Herman","Gloster, Dorothy","Gloster, Brandon","Kunsman, Eric T., 1975-","Saretzky, Gary D.","Leipzig, Melvin, 1935-"],"names_ssim":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts Archives","Kamoinge Inc.‏","Smith, Beuford, 1941-","Draper, Louis H., 1935-2002","Francis, James \"Ray\"","Sawyer, Frank","Cowans, Adger W., 1936-","Randall, Herbert, 1936-","Walker, Shawn, 1940-","Wilson, Calvin, 1924-","Barboza, Anthony, 1944-","Martin, Steve","Robinson, Herb","Stewart, Frank, 1949-","Fennar, Albert, 1938-","Dawson, C. Daniel","Parks, Toni","Reed, Eli, 1946-","DeCarava, Roy, 1919-2009","Howard, Herman","Gloster, Dorothy","Gloster, Brandon","Kunsman, Eric T., 1975-","Saretzky, Gary D.","Leipzig, Melvin, 1935-"],"language_ssim":["English\n."],"total_component_count_is":58,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:40:21.394Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/virmu_repositories_2_resources_199"}},{"id":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_16003","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Beuford Smith Archives (SC-32), 1964/2003","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/virmu_repositories_2_resources_16003#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Smith, Beuford, 1941-","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/virmu_repositories_2_resources_16003#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"The collection helps document the formation of the Kamoinge Workshop in the early 1960s, including a notebook with minutes from their earliest meetings. Photographs from the collection show the early members of Kamoinge, and in particular focuses on the life of Louis H. Draper (1935-2002).","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/virmu_repositories_2_resources_16003#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_16003","ead_ssi":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_16003","_root_":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_16003","_nest_parent_":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_16003","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VMFA/repositories_2_resources_16003.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.vmfa.museum/repositories/2/resources/252","title_filing_ssi":"Smith, Beuford (SC-32)","title_ssm":["Beuford Smith Archives (SC-32)"],"title_tesim":["Beuford Smith Archives (SC-32)"],"unitdate_ssm":["1964-2003"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1964-2003"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1964/2003"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Beuford Smith Archives (SC-32), 1964/2003"],"text":["Beuford Smith Archives (SC-32), 1964/2003","SC-32","/repositories/2/resources/16003","Photography, Artistic","African American photographers","Black photographers","The collection is open for research. The digital collection can be accessed through the VMFA Collections Search website.","The collection is organized into two series, and items are generally arranged chronologically within each series. Items with no date are placed at the end at each series.","Series 1\n        Kamoinge Workshop, 1964-1999, undated\n      \n      \n        Series 2\n        Louis Draper, 1966-2003","Working Together: Louis Draper and the Kamoinge Workshop, 2020","Soul of a Nation: Art in the Age of Black Power, 2017","Timeless, 2015","The Sweet Breath of Life: A Poetic Narrative of the African-American Family, 2004","The Black Photographers Annual, V. 1-4, 1973-1980","International Artist File: Beuford Smith","International Artist File: Kamoinge","Born 1941, Cincinnati, OH","After moving to New York as a young man, seeing Roy DeCarava's \"Sweet Flypaper of Life\" convinced self-taught Beuford Smith to pursue photography. When he met DeCarava in 1965, he was so nervous to approach the famous photographer that he accidently set off his flash in DeCarava's face. Despite this startling encounter, DeCarava asked to see Smith's work and then introduced him to the Kamoinge Workshop members. Smith still has a copy of that photograph. During a pivotal meeting on June 6, 1965, DeCarava resigned as chairman. After showing photos at two previous meetings, Smith was voted into the workshop.","Smith's work was included in the \"Negro Woman\" exhibition and, along with Lou Draper, he worked closely with \"Camera\" editor Allan Porter to publish the workshop's \"Harlem\" portfolio in 1966. During that period Smith worked at various offset printing companies, including Harlem Stationery \u0026 Printing Co. It was there that he printed sample copies of his book \"Photographic Images\". His friend, John Dahl printed one hundred copies of the book for him. This book sparked the idea of producing a Kamoinge Workshop book, but it was abandoned because of missed deadlines for photograph submissions.","Smith worked with Jimmie Mannas at his Jymie Production Co., printing silk screen Black art posters in Bedford-Stuyvesant in Brooklyn.","Smith began working as a freelance photographer in 1970. He worked for Burley Photo Agency, Black Star, AT\u0026T, and others, before founding Cesaire Photo Agency (named for his son) in 1977. His first published photo appeared in the \"Amsterdam News\" in 1965, for which he received five dollars but no credit. In the early 1970s and '80s, his photographs were published in \"Black Creation\", \"Ten-8\", and elsewhere.","Smith was the founder and chief photo editor of the \"Black Photographers Annual\". He oversaw the printing quality control of each issue, and was called \"Mr. Densitometer\" by Sidney Rapoport, who owned the company that printed the \"Annual\".","In recent years, his photographs have been published in \"Timeless\", \"Soul of a Nation\", \"The Sweet Breath of Life\", \"Contact Sheet\", \"Harpers\", \"PDN\", \"Collecting African American Art\", and MoMA publications. They have appeared in the \"Miles Davis: Birth of the Cool\" video and a Tyler Green podcast. Smith has taught photography at Cooper Union, New Muse, Brooklyn Museum, PAL, and Hunter College. In 2017, he was the first recipient of A Culture of Legacy Award from the Griffin Museum of Photography. He also received a NYFA in 1990 and 2000, an Aaron Siskind Fellowship, and a Light Work Fellowship in 1999, among other awards.","He has had solo shows at the Studio Museum in Harlem, Benin Art Gallery, Wilmer Jennings Gallery, and Keith DeLellis Gallery, and a group show at MoMA. His work was also included in the \"Soul of a Nation\" exhibition at the Tate Modern, the Brooklyn Museum, the Crystal Bridges Museum of American Art, The Broad museum in Los Angeles, the de Young Museum, and the Museum of Fine Arts, Houston.","His photographs are in the collections of VMFA, the Schomburg Center, MoMA, the Whitney Museum of American Art, Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, and others.","Smith is the guest curator of a group exhibition at the Wilmer Jennings Gallery in 2020 and will have a career retrospective there later in the year. Beuford Smith is president emeritus of Kamoinge.","The biography above, written by Sharayah Cochran and edited by Beuford Smith, has been reproduced from the catalog \"Working Together: Louis Draper and the Kamoinge Workshop.\"","The collection was donated to the VMFA in August 2019 by Beuford Smith.","The collection's inclusive dates are 1964-2003, with the bulk of the material dating from the 1960s-1990s. The collection is comprised of photographic prints, notes, exhibition records, and writings.","The collection is subject to all copyright laws. Digitized content is licensed for use under a Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial 4.0 International License.","Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by copyright, beyond that allowed by fair use, requires the researcher to obtain permission of copyright holders.","The collection helps document the formation of the Kamoinge Workshop in the early 1960s, including a notebook with minutes from their earliest meetings. Photographs from the collection show the early members of Kamoinge, and in particular focuses on the life of Louis H. 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Daniel","Parks, Toni","Reed, Eli, 1946-","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Beuford Smith Archives (SC-32), 1964/2003"],"collection_ssim":["Beuford Smith Archives (SC-32), 1964/2003"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Item","Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC-32","/repositories/2/resources/16003"],"unitid_tesim":["SC-32","/repositories/2/resources/16003"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts"],"creator_ssm":["Smith, Beuford, 1941-","Smith, Beuford, 1941-"],"creator_ssim":["Smith, Beuford, 1941-","Smith, Beuford, 1941-"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Smith, Beuford, 1941-","Draper, Louis H., 1935-2002","Francis, James \"Ray\"","Sawyer, Frank","Cowans, Adger W., 1936-","Randall, Herbert, 1936-","Walker, Shawn, 1940-","Wilson, Calvin, 1924-","Barboza, Anthony, 1944-","Martin, Steve","Robinson, Herb","Stewart, Frank, 1949-","Fennar, Albert, 1938-","Dawson, C. Daniel","Parks, Toni","Reed, Eli, 1946-"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts Archives","Kamoinge Inc.","Kamoinge Inc.‏"],"creators_ssim":["Smith, Beuford, 1941-","Draper, Louis H., 1935-2002","Francis, James \"Ray\"","Sawyer, Frank","Cowans, Adger W., 1936-","Randall, Herbert, 1936-","Walker, Shawn, 1940-","Wilson, Calvin, 1924-","Barboza, Anthony, 1944-","Martin, Steve","Robinson, Herb","Stewart, Frank, 1949-","Fennar, Albert, 1938-","Dawson, C. Daniel","Parks, Toni","Reed, Eli, 1946-","Virginia Museum of Fine Arts Archives","Kamoinge Inc.","Kamoinge Inc.‏"],"access_terms_ssm":["The collection is subject to all copyright laws. Digitized content is licensed for use under a Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial 4.0 International License.","Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by copyright, beyond that allowed by fair use, requires the researcher to obtain permission of copyright holders."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Photography, Artistic","African American photographers","Black photographers"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Photography, Artistic","African American photographers","Black photographers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.25 Linear Feet 1 box; 54 items"],"extent_tesim":["0.25 Linear Feet 1 box; 54 items"],"date_range_isim":[1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research. The digital collection can be accessed through the VMFA Collections Search website.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research. The digital collection can be accessed through the VMFA Collections Search website."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is organized into two series, and items are generally arranged chronologically within each series. Items with no date are placed at the end at each series.\u003c/p\u003e    ","\u003clist type=\"deflist\"\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 1\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eKamoinge Workshop, 1964-1999, undated\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 2\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eLouis Draper, 1966-2003\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is organized into two series, and items are generally arranged chronologically within each series. Items with no date are placed at the end at each series.","Series 1\n        Kamoinge Workshop, 1964-1999, undated\n      \n      \n        Series 2\n        Louis Draper, 1966-2003"],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cbibref\u003eWorking Together: Louis Draper and the Kamoinge Workshop, 2020\u003c/bibref\u003e\n    ","\u003cbibref\u003eSoul of a Nation: Art in the Age of Black Power, 2017\u003c/bibref\u003e\n    ","\u003cbibref\u003eTimeless, 2015\u003c/bibref\u003e\n    ","\u003cbibref\u003eThe Sweet Breath of Life: A Poetic Narrative of the African-American Family, 2004\u003c/bibref\u003e\n    ","\u003cbibref\u003eThe Black Photographers Annual, V. 1-4, 1973-1980\u003c/bibref\u003e\n  ","\u003cbibref\u003eInternational Artist File: Beuford Smith\u003c/bibref\u003e\n    ","\u003cbibref\u003eInternational Artist File: Kamoinge\u003c/bibref\u003e\n  "],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Related Materials - VMFA Library: Books","Related Materials - VMFA Library: Artist Files"],"bibliography_tesim":["Working Together: Louis Draper and the Kamoinge Workshop, 2020","Soul of a Nation: Art in the Age of Black Power, 2017","Timeless, 2015","The Sweet Breath of Life: A Poetic Narrative of the African-American Family, 2004","The Black Photographers Annual, V. 1-4, 1973-1980","International Artist File: Beuford Smith","International Artist File: Kamoinge"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBorn 1941, Cincinnati, OH\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAfter moving to New York as a young man, seeing Roy DeCarava's \"Sweet Flypaper of Life\" convinced self-taught Beuford Smith to pursue photography. When he met DeCarava in 1965, he was so nervous to approach the famous photographer that he accidently set off his flash in DeCarava's face. Despite this startling encounter, DeCarava asked to see Smith's work and then introduced him to the Kamoinge Workshop members. Smith still has a copy of that photograph. During a pivotal meeting on June 6, 1965, DeCarava resigned as chairman. After showing photos at two previous meetings, Smith was voted into the workshop.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSmith's work was included in the \"Negro Woman\" exhibition and, along with Lou Draper, he worked closely with \"Camera\" editor Allan Porter to publish the workshop's \"Harlem\" portfolio in 1966. During that period Smith worked at various offset printing companies, including Harlem Stationery \u0026amp; Printing Co. It was there that he printed sample copies of his book \"Photographic Images\". His friend, John Dahl printed one hundred copies of the book for him. This book sparked the idea of producing a Kamoinge Workshop book, but it was abandoned because of missed deadlines for photograph submissions.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSmith worked with Jimmie Mannas at his Jymie Production Co., printing silk screen Black art posters in Bedford-Stuyvesant in Brooklyn.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSmith began working as a freelance photographer in 1970. He worked for Burley Photo Agency, Black Star, AT\u0026amp;T, and others, before founding Cesaire Photo Agency (named for his son) in 1977. His first published photo appeared in the \"Amsterdam News\" in 1965, for which he received five dollars but no credit. In the early 1970s and '80s, his photographs were published in \"Black Creation\", \"Ten-8\", and elsewhere.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSmith was the founder and chief photo editor of the \"Black Photographers Annual\". He oversaw the printing quality control of each issue, and was called \"Mr. Densitometer\" by Sidney Rapoport, who owned the company that printed the \"Annual\".\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn recent years, his photographs have been published in \"Timeless\", \"Soul of a Nation\", \"The Sweet Breath of Life\", \"Contact Sheet\", \"Harpers\", \"PDN\", \"Collecting African American Art\", and MoMA publications. They have appeared in the \"Miles Davis: Birth of the Cool\" video and a Tyler Green podcast. Smith has taught photography at Cooper Union, New Muse, Brooklyn Museum, PAL, and Hunter College. In 2017, he was the first recipient of A Culture of Legacy Award from the Griffin Museum of Photography. He also received a NYFA in 1990 and 2000, an Aaron Siskind Fellowship, and a Light Work Fellowship in 1999, among other awards.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHe has had solo shows at the Studio Museum in Harlem, Benin Art Gallery, Wilmer Jennings Gallery, and Keith DeLellis Gallery, and a group show at MoMA. His work was also included in the \"Soul of a Nation\" exhibition at the Tate Modern, the Brooklyn Museum, the Crystal Bridges Museum of American Art, The Broad museum in Los Angeles, the de Young Museum, and the Museum of Fine Arts, Houston.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHis photographs are in the collections of VMFA, the Schomburg Center, MoMA, the Whitney Museum of American Art, Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, and others.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSmith is the guest curator of a group exhibition at the Wilmer Jennings Gallery in 2020 and will have a career retrospective there later in the year. Beuford Smith is president emeritus of Kamoinge.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eThe biography above, written by Sharayah Cochran and edited by Beuford Smith, has been reproduced from the catalog \"Working Together: Louis Draper and the Kamoinge Workshop.\"\u003c/i\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Born 1941, Cincinnati, OH","After moving to New York as a young man, seeing Roy DeCarava's \"Sweet Flypaper of Life\" convinced self-taught Beuford Smith to pursue photography. When he met DeCarava in 1965, he was so nervous to approach the famous photographer that he accidently set off his flash in DeCarava's face. Despite this startling encounter, DeCarava asked to see Smith's work and then introduced him to the Kamoinge Workshop members. Smith still has a copy of that photograph. During a pivotal meeting on June 6, 1965, DeCarava resigned as chairman. After showing photos at two previous meetings, Smith was voted into the workshop.","Smith's work was included in the \"Negro Woman\" exhibition and, along with Lou Draper, he worked closely with \"Camera\" editor Allan Porter to publish the workshop's \"Harlem\" portfolio in 1966. During that period Smith worked at various offset printing companies, including Harlem Stationery \u0026 Printing Co. It was there that he printed sample copies of his book \"Photographic Images\". His friend, John Dahl printed one hundred copies of the book for him. This book sparked the idea of producing a Kamoinge Workshop book, but it was abandoned because of missed deadlines for photograph submissions.","Smith worked with Jimmie Mannas at his Jymie Production Co., printing silk screen Black art posters in Bedford-Stuyvesant in Brooklyn.","Smith began working as a freelance photographer in 1970. He worked for Burley Photo Agency, Black Star, AT\u0026T, and others, before founding Cesaire Photo Agency (named for his son) in 1977. His first published photo appeared in the \"Amsterdam News\" in 1965, for which he received five dollars but no credit. In the early 1970s and '80s, his photographs were published in \"Black Creation\", \"Ten-8\", and elsewhere.","Smith was the founder and chief photo editor of the \"Black Photographers Annual\". He oversaw the printing quality control of each issue, and was called \"Mr. Densitometer\" by Sidney Rapoport, who owned the company that printed the \"Annual\".","In recent years, his photographs have been published in \"Timeless\", \"Soul of a Nation\", \"The Sweet Breath of Life\", \"Contact Sheet\", \"Harpers\", \"PDN\", \"Collecting African American Art\", and MoMA publications. They have appeared in the \"Miles Davis: Birth of the Cool\" video and a Tyler Green podcast. Smith has taught photography at Cooper Union, New Muse, Brooklyn Museum, PAL, and Hunter College. In 2017, he was the first recipient of A Culture of Legacy Award from the Griffin Museum of Photography. He also received a NYFA in 1990 and 2000, an Aaron Siskind Fellowship, and a Light Work Fellowship in 1999, among other awards.","He has had solo shows at the Studio Museum in Harlem, Benin Art Gallery, Wilmer Jennings Gallery, and Keith DeLellis Gallery, and a group show at MoMA. His work was also included in the \"Soul of a Nation\" exhibition at the Tate Modern, the Brooklyn Museum, the Crystal Bridges Museum of American Art, The Broad museum in Los Angeles, the de Young Museum, and the Museum of Fine Arts, Houston.","His photographs are in the collections of VMFA, the Schomburg Center, MoMA, the Whitney Museum of American Art, Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, and others.","Smith is the guest curator of a group exhibition at the Wilmer Jennings Gallery in 2020 and will have a career retrospective there later in the year. Beuford Smith is president emeritus of Kamoinge.","The biography above, written by Sharayah Cochran and edited by Beuford Smith, has been reproduced from the catalog \"Working Together: Louis Draper and the Kamoinge Workshop.\""],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection was donated to the VMFA in August 2019 by Beuford Smith.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Provenance"],"custodhist_tesim":["The collection was donated to the VMFA in August 2019 by Beuford Smith."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBeuford Smith Archives (SC-32). Gift of the Beuford Smith Collection. VMFA Archives, Richmond, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Beuford Smith Archives (SC-32). Gift of the Beuford Smith Collection. VMFA Archives, Richmond, Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection's inclusive dates are 1964-2003, with the bulk of the material dating from the 1960s-1990s. The collection is comprised of photographic prints, notes, exhibition records, and writings.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection's inclusive dates are 1964-2003, with the bulk of the material dating from the 1960s-1990s. The collection is comprised of photographic prints, notes, exhibition records, and writings."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is subject to all copyright laws. Digitized content is licensed for use under a \u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/\"\u003eCreative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial 4.0 International License\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTransmission or reproduction of materials protected by copyright, beyond that allowed by fair use, requires the researcher to obtain permission of copyright holders.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The collection is subject to all copyright laws. Digitized content is licensed for use under a Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial 4.0 International License.","Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by copyright, beyond that allowed by fair use, requires the researcher to obtain permission of copyright holders."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_8a8b6a240d827bb371b986a77c686337\"\u003eThe collection helps document the formation of the Kamoinge Workshop in the early 1960s, including a notebook with minutes from their earliest meetings. Photographs from the collection show the early members of Kamoinge, and in particular focuses on the life of Louis H. Draper (1935-2002).\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The collection helps document the formation of the Kamoinge Workshop in the early 1960s, including a notebook with minutes from their earliest meetings. Photographs from the collection show the early members of Kamoinge, and in particular focuses on the life of Louis H. Draper (1935-2002)."],"corpname_ssim":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts Archives","Kamoinge Inc.","Kamoinge Inc.‏"],"names_coll_ssim":["Kamoinge Inc.","Smith, Beuford, 1941-","Smith, Beuford, 1941-","Draper, Louis H., 1935-2002"],"persname_ssim":["Smith, Beuford, 1941-","Draper, Louis H., 1935-2002","Francis, James \"Ray\"","Sawyer, Frank","Cowans, Adger W., 1936-","Randall, Herbert, 1936-","Walker, Shawn, 1940-","Wilson, Calvin, 1924-","Barboza, Anthony, 1944-","Martin, Steve","Robinson, Herb","Stewart, Frank, 1949-","Fennar, Albert, 1938-","Dawson, C. Daniel","Parks, Toni","Reed, Eli, 1946-"],"names_ssim":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts Archives","Kamoinge Inc.","Kamoinge Inc.‏","Smith, Beuford, 1941-","Draper, Louis H., 1935-2002","Francis, James \"Ray\"","Sawyer, Frank","Cowans, Adger W., 1936-","Randall, Herbert, 1936-","Walker, Shawn, 1940-","Wilson, Calvin, 1924-","Barboza, Anthony, 1944-","Martin, Steve","Robinson, Herb","Stewart, Frank, 1949-","Fennar, Albert, 1938-","Dawson, C. Daniel","Parks, Toni","Reed, Eli, 1946-"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":56,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-09-10T00:04:56.222Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_16003","ead_ssi":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_16003","_root_":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_16003","_nest_parent_":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_16003","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VMFA/repositories_2_resources_16003.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.vmfa.museum/repositories/2/resources/252","title_filing_ssi":"Smith, Beuford (SC-32)","title_ssm":["Beuford Smith Archives (SC-32)"],"title_tesim":["Beuford Smith Archives (SC-32)"],"unitdate_ssm":["1964-2003"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1964-2003"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1964/2003"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Beuford Smith Archives (SC-32), 1964/2003"],"text":["Beuford Smith Archives (SC-32), 1964/2003","SC-32","/repositories/2/resources/16003","Photography, Artistic","African American photographers","Black photographers","The collection is open for research. The digital collection can be accessed through the VMFA Collections Search website.","The collection is organized into two series, and items are generally arranged chronologically within each series. Items with no date are placed at the end at each series.","Series 1\n        Kamoinge Workshop, 1964-1999, undated\n      \n      \n        Series 2\n        Louis Draper, 1966-2003","Working Together: Louis Draper and the Kamoinge Workshop, 2020","Soul of a Nation: Art in the Age of Black Power, 2017","Timeless, 2015","The Sweet Breath of Life: A Poetic Narrative of the African-American Family, 2004","The Black Photographers Annual, V. 1-4, 1973-1980","International Artist File: Beuford Smith","International Artist File: Kamoinge","Born 1941, Cincinnati, OH","After moving to New York as a young man, seeing Roy DeCarava's \"Sweet Flypaper of Life\" convinced self-taught Beuford Smith to pursue photography. When he met DeCarava in 1965, he was so nervous to approach the famous photographer that he accidently set off his flash in DeCarava's face. Despite this startling encounter, DeCarava asked to see Smith's work and then introduced him to the Kamoinge Workshop members. Smith still has a copy of that photograph. During a pivotal meeting on June 6, 1965, DeCarava resigned as chairman. After showing photos at two previous meetings, Smith was voted into the workshop.","Smith's work was included in the \"Negro Woman\" exhibition and, along with Lou Draper, he worked closely with \"Camera\" editor Allan Porter to publish the workshop's \"Harlem\" portfolio in 1966. During that period Smith worked at various offset printing companies, including Harlem Stationery \u0026 Printing Co. It was there that he printed sample copies of his book \"Photographic Images\". His friend, John Dahl printed one hundred copies of the book for him. This book sparked the idea of producing a Kamoinge Workshop book, but it was abandoned because of missed deadlines for photograph submissions.","Smith worked with Jimmie Mannas at his Jymie Production Co., printing silk screen Black art posters in Bedford-Stuyvesant in Brooklyn.","Smith began working as a freelance photographer in 1970. He worked for Burley Photo Agency, Black Star, AT\u0026T, and others, before founding Cesaire Photo Agency (named for his son) in 1977. His first published photo appeared in the \"Amsterdam News\" in 1965, for which he received five dollars but no credit. In the early 1970s and '80s, his photographs were published in \"Black Creation\", \"Ten-8\", and elsewhere.","Smith was the founder and chief photo editor of the \"Black Photographers Annual\". He oversaw the printing quality control of each issue, and was called \"Mr. Densitometer\" by Sidney Rapoport, who owned the company that printed the \"Annual\".","In recent years, his photographs have been published in \"Timeless\", \"Soul of a Nation\", \"The Sweet Breath of Life\", \"Contact Sheet\", \"Harpers\", \"PDN\", \"Collecting African American Art\", and MoMA publications. They have appeared in the \"Miles Davis: Birth of the Cool\" video and a Tyler Green podcast. Smith has taught photography at Cooper Union, New Muse, Brooklyn Museum, PAL, and Hunter College. In 2017, he was the first recipient of A Culture of Legacy Award from the Griffin Museum of Photography. He also received a NYFA in 1990 and 2000, an Aaron Siskind Fellowship, and a Light Work Fellowship in 1999, among other awards.","He has had solo shows at the Studio Museum in Harlem, Benin Art Gallery, Wilmer Jennings Gallery, and Keith DeLellis Gallery, and a group show at MoMA. His work was also included in the \"Soul of a Nation\" exhibition at the Tate Modern, the Brooklyn Museum, the Crystal Bridges Museum of American Art, The Broad museum in Los Angeles, the de Young Museum, and the Museum of Fine Arts, Houston.","His photographs are in the collections of VMFA, the Schomburg Center, MoMA, the Whitney Museum of American Art, Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, and others.","Smith is the guest curator of a group exhibition at the Wilmer Jennings Gallery in 2020 and will have a career retrospective there later in the year. Beuford Smith is president emeritus of Kamoinge.","The biography above, written by Sharayah Cochran and edited by Beuford Smith, has been reproduced from the catalog \"Working Together: Louis Draper and the Kamoinge Workshop.\"","The collection was donated to the VMFA in August 2019 by Beuford Smith.","The collection's inclusive dates are 1964-2003, with the bulk of the material dating from the 1960s-1990s. The collection is comprised of photographic prints, notes, exhibition records, and writings.","The collection is subject to all copyright laws. Digitized content is licensed for use under a Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial 4.0 International License.","Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by copyright, beyond that allowed by fair use, requires the researcher to obtain permission of copyright holders.","The collection helps document the formation of the Kamoinge Workshop in the early 1960s, including a notebook with minutes from their earliest meetings. Photographs from the collection show the early members of Kamoinge, and in particular focuses on the life of Louis H. Draper (1935-2002).","Virginia Museum of Fine Arts Archives","Kamoinge Inc.","Kamoinge Inc.‏","Smith, Beuford, 1941-","Draper, Louis H., 1935-2002","Francis, James \"Ray\"","Sawyer, Frank","Cowans, Adger W., 1936-","Randall, Herbert, 1936-","Walker, Shawn, 1940-","Wilson, Calvin, 1924-","Barboza, Anthony, 1944-","Martin, Steve","Robinson, Herb","Stewart, Frank, 1949-","Fennar, Albert, 1938-","Dawson, C. Daniel","Parks, Toni","Reed, Eli, 1946-","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Beuford Smith Archives (SC-32), 1964/2003"],"collection_ssim":["Beuford Smith Archives (SC-32), 1964/2003"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Item","Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC-32","/repositories/2/resources/16003"],"unitid_tesim":["SC-32","/repositories/2/resources/16003"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts"],"creator_ssm":["Smith, Beuford, 1941-","Smith, Beuford, 1941-"],"creator_ssim":["Smith, Beuford, 1941-","Smith, Beuford, 1941-"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Smith, Beuford, 1941-","Draper, Louis H., 1935-2002","Francis, James \"Ray\"","Sawyer, Frank","Cowans, Adger W., 1936-","Randall, Herbert, 1936-","Walker, Shawn, 1940-","Wilson, Calvin, 1924-","Barboza, Anthony, 1944-","Martin, Steve","Robinson, Herb","Stewart, Frank, 1949-","Fennar, Albert, 1938-","Dawson, C. Daniel","Parks, Toni","Reed, Eli, 1946-"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts Archives","Kamoinge Inc.","Kamoinge Inc.‏"],"creators_ssim":["Smith, Beuford, 1941-","Draper, Louis H., 1935-2002","Francis, James \"Ray\"","Sawyer, Frank","Cowans, Adger W., 1936-","Randall, Herbert, 1936-","Walker, Shawn, 1940-","Wilson, Calvin, 1924-","Barboza, Anthony, 1944-","Martin, Steve","Robinson, Herb","Stewart, Frank, 1949-","Fennar, Albert, 1938-","Dawson, C. Daniel","Parks, Toni","Reed, Eli, 1946-","Virginia Museum of Fine Arts Archives","Kamoinge Inc.","Kamoinge Inc.‏"],"access_terms_ssm":["The collection is subject to all copyright laws. Digitized content is licensed for use under a Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial 4.0 International License.","Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by copyright, beyond that allowed by fair use, requires the researcher to obtain permission of copyright holders."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Photography, Artistic","African American photographers","Black photographers"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Photography, Artistic","African American photographers","Black photographers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.25 Linear Feet 1 box; 54 items"],"extent_tesim":["0.25 Linear Feet 1 box; 54 items"],"date_range_isim":[1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research. The digital collection can be accessed through the VMFA Collections Search website.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research. The digital collection can be accessed through the VMFA Collections Search website."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is organized into two series, and items are generally arranged chronologically within each series. Items with no date are placed at the end at each series.\u003c/p\u003e    ","\u003clist type=\"deflist\"\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 1\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eKamoinge Workshop, 1964-1999, undated\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 2\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eLouis Draper, 1966-2003\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is organized into two series, and items are generally arranged chronologically within each series. Items with no date are placed at the end at each series.","Series 1\n        Kamoinge Workshop, 1964-1999, undated\n      \n      \n        Series 2\n        Louis Draper, 1966-2003"],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cbibref\u003eWorking Together: Louis Draper and the Kamoinge Workshop, 2020\u003c/bibref\u003e\n    ","\u003cbibref\u003eSoul of a Nation: Art in the Age of Black Power, 2017\u003c/bibref\u003e\n    ","\u003cbibref\u003eTimeless, 2015\u003c/bibref\u003e\n    ","\u003cbibref\u003eThe Sweet Breath of Life: A Poetic Narrative of the African-American Family, 2004\u003c/bibref\u003e\n    ","\u003cbibref\u003eThe Black Photographers Annual, V. 1-4, 1973-1980\u003c/bibref\u003e\n  ","\u003cbibref\u003eInternational Artist File: Beuford Smith\u003c/bibref\u003e\n    ","\u003cbibref\u003eInternational Artist File: Kamoinge\u003c/bibref\u003e\n  "],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Related Materials - VMFA Library: Books","Related Materials - VMFA Library: Artist Files"],"bibliography_tesim":["Working Together: Louis Draper and the Kamoinge Workshop, 2020","Soul of a Nation: Art in the Age of Black Power, 2017","Timeless, 2015","The Sweet Breath of Life: A Poetic Narrative of the African-American Family, 2004","The Black Photographers Annual, V. 1-4, 1973-1980","International Artist File: Beuford Smith","International Artist File: Kamoinge"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBorn 1941, Cincinnati, OH\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAfter moving to New York as a young man, seeing Roy DeCarava's \"Sweet Flypaper of Life\" convinced self-taught Beuford Smith to pursue photography. When he met DeCarava in 1965, he was so nervous to approach the famous photographer that he accidently set off his flash in DeCarava's face. Despite this startling encounter, DeCarava asked to see Smith's work and then introduced him to the Kamoinge Workshop members. Smith still has a copy of that photograph. During a pivotal meeting on June 6, 1965, DeCarava resigned as chairman. After showing photos at two previous meetings, Smith was voted into the workshop.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSmith's work was included in the \"Negro Woman\" exhibition and, along with Lou Draper, he worked closely with \"Camera\" editor Allan Porter to publish the workshop's \"Harlem\" portfolio in 1966. During that period Smith worked at various offset printing companies, including Harlem Stationery \u0026amp; Printing Co. It was there that he printed sample copies of his book \"Photographic Images\". His friend, John Dahl printed one hundred copies of the book for him. This book sparked the idea of producing a Kamoinge Workshop book, but it was abandoned because of missed deadlines for photograph submissions.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSmith worked with Jimmie Mannas at his Jymie Production Co., printing silk screen Black art posters in Bedford-Stuyvesant in Brooklyn.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSmith began working as a freelance photographer in 1970. He worked for Burley Photo Agency, Black Star, AT\u0026amp;T, and others, before founding Cesaire Photo Agency (named for his son) in 1977. His first published photo appeared in the \"Amsterdam News\" in 1965, for which he received five dollars but no credit. In the early 1970s and '80s, his photographs were published in \"Black Creation\", \"Ten-8\", and elsewhere.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSmith was the founder and chief photo editor of the \"Black Photographers Annual\". He oversaw the printing quality control of each issue, and was called \"Mr. Densitometer\" by Sidney Rapoport, who owned the company that printed the \"Annual\".\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn recent years, his photographs have been published in \"Timeless\", \"Soul of a Nation\", \"The Sweet Breath of Life\", \"Contact Sheet\", \"Harpers\", \"PDN\", \"Collecting African American Art\", and MoMA publications. They have appeared in the \"Miles Davis: Birth of the Cool\" video and a Tyler Green podcast. Smith has taught photography at Cooper Union, New Muse, Brooklyn Museum, PAL, and Hunter College. In 2017, he was the first recipient of A Culture of Legacy Award from the Griffin Museum of Photography. He also received a NYFA in 1990 and 2000, an Aaron Siskind Fellowship, and a Light Work Fellowship in 1999, among other awards.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHe has had solo shows at the Studio Museum in Harlem, Benin Art Gallery, Wilmer Jennings Gallery, and Keith DeLellis Gallery, and a group show at MoMA. His work was also included in the \"Soul of a Nation\" exhibition at the Tate Modern, the Brooklyn Museum, the Crystal Bridges Museum of American Art, The Broad museum in Los Angeles, the de Young Museum, and the Museum of Fine Arts, Houston.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHis photographs are in the collections of VMFA, the Schomburg Center, MoMA, the Whitney Museum of American Art, Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, and others.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSmith is the guest curator of a group exhibition at the Wilmer Jennings Gallery in 2020 and will have a career retrospective there later in the year. Beuford Smith is president emeritus of Kamoinge.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eThe biography above, written by Sharayah Cochran and edited by Beuford Smith, has been reproduced from the catalog \"Working Together: Louis Draper and the Kamoinge Workshop.\"\u003c/i\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Born 1941, Cincinnati, OH","After moving to New York as a young man, seeing Roy DeCarava's \"Sweet Flypaper of Life\" convinced self-taught Beuford Smith to pursue photography. When he met DeCarava in 1965, he was so nervous to approach the famous photographer that he accidently set off his flash in DeCarava's face. Despite this startling encounter, DeCarava asked to see Smith's work and then introduced him to the Kamoinge Workshop members. Smith still has a copy of that photograph. During a pivotal meeting on June 6, 1965, DeCarava resigned as chairman. After showing photos at two previous meetings, Smith was voted into the workshop.","Smith's work was included in the \"Negro Woman\" exhibition and, along with Lou Draper, he worked closely with \"Camera\" editor Allan Porter to publish the workshop's \"Harlem\" portfolio in 1966. During that period Smith worked at various offset printing companies, including Harlem Stationery \u0026 Printing Co. It was there that he printed sample copies of his book \"Photographic Images\". His friend, John Dahl printed one hundred copies of the book for him. This book sparked the idea of producing a Kamoinge Workshop book, but it was abandoned because of missed deadlines for photograph submissions.","Smith worked with Jimmie Mannas at his Jymie Production Co., printing silk screen Black art posters in Bedford-Stuyvesant in Brooklyn.","Smith began working as a freelance photographer in 1970. He worked for Burley Photo Agency, Black Star, AT\u0026T, and others, before founding Cesaire Photo Agency (named for his son) in 1977. His first published photo appeared in the \"Amsterdam News\" in 1965, for which he received five dollars but no credit. In the early 1970s and '80s, his photographs were published in \"Black Creation\", \"Ten-8\", and elsewhere.","Smith was the founder and chief photo editor of the \"Black Photographers Annual\". He oversaw the printing quality control of each issue, and was called \"Mr. Densitometer\" by Sidney Rapoport, who owned the company that printed the \"Annual\".","In recent years, his photographs have been published in \"Timeless\", \"Soul of a Nation\", \"The Sweet Breath of Life\", \"Contact Sheet\", \"Harpers\", \"PDN\", \"Collecting African American Art\", and MoMA publications. They have appeared in the \"Miles Davis: Birth of the Cool\" video and a Tyler Green podcast. Smith has taught photography at Cooper Union, New Muse, Brooklyn Museum, PAL, and Hunter College. In 2017, he was the first recipient of A Culture of Legacy Award from the Griffin Museum of Photography. He also received a NYFA in 1990 and 2000, an Aaron Siskind Fellowship, and a Light Work Fellowship in 1999, among other awards.","He has had solo shows at the Studio Museum in Harlem, Benin Art Gallery, Wilmer Jennings Gallery, and Keith DeLellis Gallery, and a group show at MoMA. His work was also included in the \"Soul of a Nation\" exhibition at the Tate Modern, the Brooklyn Museum, the Crystal Bridges Museum of American Art, The Broad museum in Los Angeles, the de Young Museum, and the Museum of Fine Arts, Houston.","His photographs are in the collections of VMFA, the Schomburg Center, MoMA, the Whitney Museum of American Art, Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, and others.","Smith is the guest curator of a group exhibition at the Wilmer Jennings Gallery in 2020 and will have a career retrospective there later in the year. Beuford Smith is president emeritus of Kamoinge.","The biography above, written by Sharayah Cochran and edited by Beuford Smith, has been reproduced from the catalog \"Working Together: Louis Draper and the Kamoinge Workshop.\""],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection was donated to the VMFA in August 2019 by Beuford Smith.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Provenance"],"custodhist_tesim":["The collection was donated to the VMFA in August 2019 by Beuford Smith."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBeuford Smith Archives (SC-32). Gift of the Beuford Smith Collection. VMFA Archives, Richmond, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Beuford Smith Archives (SC-32). Gift of the Beuford Smith Collection. VMFA Archives, Richmond, Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection's inclusive dates are 1964-2003, with the bulk of the material dating from the 1960s-1990s. The collection is comprised of photographic prints, notes, exhibition records, and writings.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection's inclusive dates are 1964-2003, with the bulk of the material dating from the 1960s-1990s. The collection is comprised of photographic prints, notes, exhibition records, and writings."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is subject to all copyright laws. Digitized content is licensed for use under a \u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/\"\u003eCreative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial 4.0 International License\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTransmission or reproduction of materials protected by copyright, beyond that allowed by fair use, requires the researcher to obtain permission of copyright holders.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The collection is subject to all copyright laws. Digitized content is licensed for use under a Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial 4.0 International License.","Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by copyright, beyond that allowed by fair use, requires the researcher to obtain permission of copyright holders."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_8a8b6a240d827bb371b986a77c686337\"\u003eThe collection helps document the formation of the Kamoinge Workshop in the early 1960s, including a notebook with minutes from their earliest meetings. Photographs from the collection show the early members of Kamoinge, and in particular focuses on the life of Louis H. Draper (1935-2002).\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The collection helps document the formation of the Kamoinge Workshop in the early 1960s, including a notebook with minutes from their earliest meetings. Photographs from the collection show the early members of Kamoinge, and in particular focuses on the life of Louis H. Draper (1935-2002)."],"corpname_ssim":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts Archives","Kamoinge Inc.","Kamoinge Inc.‏"],"names_coll_ssim":["Kamoinge Inc.","Smith, Beuford, 1941-","Smith, Beuford, 1941-","Draper, Louis H., 1935-2002"],"persname_ssim":["Smith, Beuford, 1941-","Draper, Louis H., 1935-2002","Francis, James \"Ray\"","Sawyer, Frank","Cowans, Adger W., 1936-","Randall, Herbert, 1936-","Walker, Shawn, 1940-","Wilson, Calvin, 1924-","Barboza, Anthony, 1944-","Martin, Steve","Robinson, Herb","Stewart, Frank, 1949-","Fennar, Albert, 1938-","Dawson, C. Daniel","Parks, Toni","Reed, Eli, 1946-"],"names_ssim":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts Archives","Kamoinge Inc.","Kamoinge Inc.‏","Smith, Beuford, 1941-","Draper, Louis H., 1935-2002","Francis, James \"Ray\"","Sawyer, Frank","Cowans, Adger W., 1936-","Randall, Herbert, 1936-","Walker, Shawn, 1940-","Wilson, Calvin, 1924-","Barboza, Anthony, 1944-","Martin, Steve","Robinson, Herb","Stewart, Frank, 1949-","Fennar, Albert, 1938-","Dawson, C. Daniel","Parks, Toni","Reed, Eli, 1946-"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":56,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-09-10T00:04:56.222Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/virmu_repositories_2_resources_16003"}},{"id":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_59","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Bulletins / Calendars / VMFA Magazines (PB-03), 1940/2024","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/virmu_repositories_2_resources_59#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Virginia Museum of Fine Arts","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/virmu_repositories_2_resources_59#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"The collection is part of the Publications Archive, and is comprised of archival copies of all Bulletins / Calendars / VMFA Magazines published by the museum since 1940. The publishing frequncy has changed many times (monthly, quarterly, bi-monthly) and the title changed three times, but the publication has always served to document the daily activities at the museum, including exhibitions, tours, programs, lectures, and more.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/virmu_repositories_2_resources_59#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_59","ead_ssi":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_59","_root_":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_59","_nest_parent_":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_59","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VMFA/repositories_2_resources_59.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.vmfa.museum/repositories/2/resources/59","title_filing_ssi":"Bulletins / Calendars / VMFA Magazines (PB-03)","title_ssm":["Bulletins / Calendars / VMFA Magazines (PB-03)"],"title_tesim":["Bulletins / Calendars / VMFA Magazines (PB-03)"],"unitdate_ssm":["1940-2024"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1940-2024"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1940/2024"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Bulletins / Calendars / VMFA Magazines (PB-03), 1940/2024"],"text":["Bulletins / Calendars / VMFA Magazines (PB-03), 1940/2024","PB-03","/repositories/2/resources/59","The collection is open for research.","The collection is organized into three series, and items are arranged chronologically within each series.","Series 1\n        Bulletins, 1940-1995\n      \n      \n        Series 2\n        Calendars, 1995-2008\n      \n      \n        Series 3\n        VMFA Magazine, 2009-2018","Bound volumes of the Bulletin / Calendar are available in the Reading Room","The collection was transferred from the Library. Accretions are added regularly when new materials are published.","The archives strives to retain a minimum of 5 copies of Bulletins / Calendars / VMFA Magazines.","The collection's inclusive dates are 1940-present. The publishing frequncy changed many times, as did the numbering, and the title, which changed from Bulletin to Calendar in 1995, and then to VMFA Magazine in 2009.","The collection is subject to all copyright laws. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by copyright, beyond that allowed by fair use, requires the researcher to obtain permission of copyright holders.","The collection is part of the Publications Archive, and is comprised of archival copies of all Bulletins / Calendars / VMFA Magazines published by the museum since 1940. 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Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by copyright, beyond that allowed by fair use, requires the researcher to obtain permission of copyright holders."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Art -- Virginia -- Richmond -- History"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Art -- Virginia -- Richmond -- History"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["63.25 Linear Feet 2,453 items"],"extent_tesim":["63.25 Linear Feet 2,453 items"],"date_range_isim":[1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018,2019,2020],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is organized into two series, and items are  arranged chronologically within each series.\u003c/p\u003e    ","\u003clist type=\"deflist\"\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 1\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eExhibition Catalogs, 1936-2017\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 2\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eOther Catalogs, 1938-2018\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is organized into two series, and items are  arranged chronologically within each series.","Series 1\n        Exhibition Catalogs, 1936-2017\n      \n      \n        Series 2\n        Other Catalogs, 1938-2018"],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cbibref\u003eCopies of most catalogs are also available in the main Library collection or in the exhibition vertical files.\u003c/bibref\u003e\n  "],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Related Materials - VMFA Library"],"bibliography_tesim":["Copies of most catalogs are also available in the main Library collection or in the exhibition vertical files."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection was transferred from the Library. Accretions are added regularly when new materials are published.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Provenance"],"custodhist_tesim":["The collection was transferred from the Library. Accretions are added regularly when new materials are published."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCatalog Collection (PB-01). VMFA Archives, Richmond, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Catalog Collection (PB-01). VMFA Archives, Richmond, Virginia."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe archives strives to retain a minimum of 5 copies of VMFA produced catalogs, 3 copies of catalogs produced outside the museum, and 1 copy of foreign language versions of catalogs. In many cases, additional copies are located in the main Library collection or in the exhibition vertical files.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Note"],"processinfo_tesim":["The archives strives to retain a minimum of 5 copies of VMFA produced catalogs, 3 copies of catalogs produced outside the museum, and 1 copy of foreign language versions of catalogs. In many cases, additional copies are located in the main Library collection or in the exhibition vertical files."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection's inclusive dates are 1936-2020. The collection is comprised of published catalogs, and accretions are made continually as new materials are published or copies of older catalogs are discovered.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection's inclusive dates are 1936-2020. The collection is comprised of published catalogs, and accretions are made continually as new materials are published or copies of older catalogs are discovered."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is subject to all copyright laws. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by copyright, beyond that allowed by fair use, requires the researcher to obtain permission of copyright holders.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Publication"],"userestrict_tesim":["The collection is subject to all copyright laws. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by copyright, beyond that allowed by fair use, requires the researcher to obtain permission of copyright holders."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_7d1f89bfaf4bd29516bd5eaad170c45f\"\u003eThe collection is part of the Publications Archive, and is comprised of archival copies of all catalogs published by the museum, as well as catalogs for exhibitions that were shown at the museum, but produced by other institutions. Other catalogs highlight particular aspects of the museum's permanent collection.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The collection is part of the Publications Archive, and is comprised of archival copies of all catalogs published by the museum, as well as catalogs for exhibitions that were shown at the museum, but produced by other institutions. Other catalogs highlight particular aspects of the museum's permanent collection."],"corpname_ssim":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts Archives","Virginia Museum of Fine Arts","Virginia Museum of Fine Arts -- Exhibitions","Virginia Museum of Fine Arts -- Catalogs","M. Knoedler and Co."],"names_coll_ssim":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts","Virginia Museum of Fine Arts -- Exhibitions","Virginia Museum of Fine Arts -- Catalogs"],"persname_ssim":["Jackson, Stonewall, 1824-1863","Degas, Edgar, 1834-1917"],"names_ssim":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts Archives","Virginia Museum of Fine Arts","Virginia Museum of Fine Arts -- Exhibitions","Virginia Museum of Fine Arts -- Catalogs","M. Knoedler and Co.","Jackson, Stonewall, 1824-1863","Degas, Edgar, 1834-1917"],"language_ssim":["English\n."],"total_component_count_is":551,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:42:01.770Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/virmu_repositories_2_resources_57"}},{"id":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_52","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Christel Ludewig McCanless Collection Related to Peter Carl Fabergé (SC-27), 1971/2023","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/virmu_repositories_2_resources_52#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"The collection represents portions of the extensive research library and archives formed by Christel Ludewig McCanless over forty years. A noted Fabergé scholar, McCanless published the first annotated bibliography of literature about Fabergé in 1994, the premiere encyclopedia about the Fabergé eggs in 2001, and founded the \"Fabergé Research Newsletter\" and \"Fabergé Research Site\" in 2008. While dedicated to research about the artistry of Fabergé, McCanless' collection also includes numerous resources on Russian history, culture, and artwork.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/virmu_repositories_2_resources_52#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_52","ead_ssi":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_52","_root_":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_52","_nest_parent_":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_52","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VMFA/repositories_2_resources_52.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.vmfa.museum/repositories/2/resources/52","title_filing_ssi":"McCanless, Christel Ludewig (SC-27)","title_ssm":["Christel Ludewig McCanless Collection Related to Peter Carl Fabergé (SC-27)"],"title_tesim":["Christel Ludewig McCanless Collection Related to Peter Carl Fabergé (SC-27)"],"unitdate_ssm":["1971-2023"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1971-2023"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1971/2023"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Christel Ludewig McCanless Collection Related to Peter Carl Fabergé (SC-27), 1971/2023"],"text":["Christel Ludewig McCanless Collection Related to Peter Carl Fabergé (SC-27), 1971/2023","SC-27","/repositories/2/resources/52","The collection is open for research.","The collection is organized into six series. Series 1, 2, and 6 are divided into sub-series by topic.","Series 1\n        Reference Files\n      \n      \n        Series 2\n        Research Files\n      \n      \n        Series 3\n        Images\n      \n      \n        Series 4\n        Media\n      \n      \n        Series 5\n        Realia\n      \n      \n        Series 6\n        \"Fabergé Eggs: A Retrospective Encyclopedia\" Egg Data Files","Fabergé and his Works: An Annotated Bibliography of the First Century of his Art, 1994","Fabergé Eggs: A Retrospective Encyclopedia, 2001","Born on November 20, 1939, in Peenemünde, Germany, Christel Ludewig McCanless is a former librarian and noted Fabergé scholar. She currently resides with her husband George in Huntsville, Alabama, where she immigrated with her parents after fleeing Russian occupied East Germany in 1953. Her father, Hermann R. R. Ludewig, was a missile and space engineer at the Peenemünde Army Research Center under Wernher von Braun.","While serving as the Library Director of the University of Alabama in Huntsville in the 1960s, she became interested in the art of Fabergé after reading Robert K. Massie's book, \"Nicholas and Alexandra,\" and Morton Shulman's book, \"Anyone Can Make a Million.\" Massie's book provided the historical details of imperial Russia in which the decorative art of the Russian court jeweler, Peter Carl Fabergé, flourished. Shulman's book discussed how one \"can make a million\" in collecting art objects. As a practicing librarian, McCanless instead began collecting pieces of paper, in the form of books and journals, which mentioned Fabergé and his art.","In 1994, she published her first book, \"Fabergé and His Works: An Annotated Bibliography of the First Century of His Art,\" the first annotated bibliography of literature about Fabergé. Her second book followed in 2001, which she co-authored with Australian scholar Will Lowes. \"Fabergé Eggs: A Retrospective Encyclopedia\" is the only work of its kind and is the premiere reference work on the subject.","Through the course of her work, McCanless connected with a tremendous network of fellow Faberge scholars and enthusiasts and as a result, went on to found the \"Fabergé Research Newsletter\" and \"Fabergé Research\" website in 2006. The site continues to serve as a vehicle for disseminating new research and discoveries about Fabergé and his art.","Additional biographical information can be found at Encyclopedia.com (link provided by McCanless).","The collection is comprised of materials donated by Christel Ludewig McCanless. The original donation occured in 2016, with periodic accretions received a few times each year. Series 6 was donated in November 2019.","Original order and folder titles were retained during processing.","The collection's inclusive dates are 1971-2019, with the bulk of the material dating from the 1990s-2000s. The collection is comprised of correspondence, writings, research materials, bibliographic records, auction results, audiovisual materials, slides, books, posters, and realia.","The collection is subject to all copyright laws.  Transmission or reproduction of other materials protected by copyright, beyond that allowed by fair use, requires the researcher to obtain permission of copyright holders.","The collection represents portions of the extensive research library and archives formed by Christel Ludewig McCanless over forty years. A noted Fabergé scholar, McCanless published the first annotated bibliography of literature about Fabergé in 1994, the premiere encyclopedia about the Fabergé eggs in 2001, and founded the \"Fabergé Research Newsletter\" and \"Fabergé Research Site\" in 2008. While dedicated to research about the artistry of Fabergé, McCanless' collection also includes numerous resources on Russian history, culture, and artwork.","Virginia Museum of Fine Arts Archives","Fabergé (Firm)","Fabergé, Peter Carl, 1846-1920","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Christel Ludewig McCanless Collection Related to Peter Carl Fabergé (SC-27), 1971/2023"],"collection_ssim":["Christel Ludewig McCanless Collection Related to Peter Carl Fabergé (SC-27), 1971/2023"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC-27","/repositories/2/resources/52"],"unitid_tesim":["SC-27","/repositories/2/resources/52"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Fabergé, Peter Carl, 1846-1920"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts Archives","Fabergé (Firm)"],"creators_ssim":["Fabergé, Peter Carl, 1846-1920","Virginia Museum of Fine Arts Archives","Fabergé (Firm)"],"access_terms_ssm":["The collection is subject to all copyright laws.  Transmission or reproduction of other materials protected by copyright, beyond that allowed by fair use, requires the researcher to obtain permission of copyright holders."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["7.5 Linear Feet 6 boxes; 283 folders, 90 items"],"extent_tesim":["7.5 Linear Feet 6 boxes; 283 folders, 90 items"],"date_range_isim":[1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018,2019,2020,2021,2022,2023],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is organized into six series. Series 1, 2, and 6 are divided into sub-series by topic.\u003c/p\u003e    ","\u003clist type=\"deflist\"\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 1\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eReference Files\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 2\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eResearch Files\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 3\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eImages\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 4\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMedia\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 5\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eRealia\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 6\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e\"Fabergé Eggs: A Retrospective Encyclopedia\" Egg Data Files\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is organized into six series. Series 1, 2, and 6 are divided into sub-series by topic.","Series 1\n        Reference Files\n      \n      \n        Series 2\n        Research Files\n      \n      \n        Series 3\n        Images\n      \n      \n        Series 4\n        Media\n      \n      \n        Series 5\n        Realia\n      \n      \n        Series 6\n        \"Fabergé Eggs: A Retrospective Encyclopedia\" Egg Data Files"],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cbibref\u003eFabergé and his Works: An Annotated Bibliography of the First Century of his Art, 1994\u003c/bibref\u003e\n    ","\u003cbibref\u003eFabergé Eggs: A Retrospective Encyclopedia, 2001\u003c/bibref\u003e\n  "],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Related Materials - VMFA Library"],"bibliography_tesim":["Fabergé and his Works: An Annotated Bibliography of the First Century of his Art, 1994","Fabergé Eggs: A Retrospective Encyclopedia, 2001"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBorn on November 20, 1939, in Peenemünde, Germany, Christel Ludewig McCanless is a former librarian and noted Fabergé scholar. She currently resides with her husband George in Huntsville, Alabama, where she immigrated with her parents after fleeing Russian occupied East Germany in 1953. Her father, Hermann R. R. Ludewig, was a missile and space engineer at the Peenemünde Army Research Center under Wernher von Braun.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWhile serving as the Library Director of the University of Alabama in Huntsville in the 1960s, she became interested in the art of Fabergé after reading Robert K. Massie's book, \"Nicholas and Alexandra,\" and Morton Shulman's book, \"Anyone Can Make a Million.\" Massie's book provided the historical details of imperial Russia in which the decorative art of the Russian court jeweler, Peter Carl Fabergé, flourished. Shulman's book discussed how one \"can make a million\" in collecting art objects. As a practicing librarian, McCanless instead began collecting pieces of paper, in the form of books and journals, which mentioned Fabergé and his art.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1994, she published her first book, \"Fabergé and His Works: An Annotated Bibliography of the First Century of His Art,\" the first annotated bibliography of literature about Fabergé. Her second book followed in 2001, which she co-authored with Australian scholar Will Lowes. \"Fabergé Eggs: A Retrospective Encyclopedia\" is the only work of its kind and is the premiere reference work on the subject. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThrough the course of her work, McCanless connected with a tremendous network of fellow Faberge scholars and enthusiasts and as a result, went on to found the \"Fabergé Research Newsletter\" and \"Fabergé Research\" website in 2006. The site continues to serve as a vehicle for disseminating new research and discoveries about Fabergé and his art. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAdditional biographical information can be found at \u003ca href=\"https://www.encyclopedia.com/arts/educational-magazines/mccanless-christel-ludewig-1939\"\u003eEncyclopedia.com\u003c/a\u003e (link provided by McCanless).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Born on November 20, 1939, in Peenemünde, Germany, Christel Ludewig McCanless is a former librarian and noted Fabergé scholar. She currently resides with her husband George in Huntsville, Alabama, where she immigrated with her parents after fleeing Russian occupied East Germany in 1953. Her father, Hermann R. R. Ludewig, was a missile and space engineer at the Peenemünde Army Research Center under Wernher von Braun.","While serving as the Library Director of the University of Alabama in Huntsville in the 1960s, she became interested in the art of Fabergé after reading Robert K. Massie's book, \"Nicholas and Alexandra,\" and Morton Shulman's book, \"Anyone Can Make a Million.\" Massie's book provided the historical details of imperial Russia in which the decorative art of the Russian court jeweler, Peter Carl Fabergé, flourished. Shulman's book discussed how one \"can make a million\" in collecting art objects. As a practicing librarian, McCanless instead began collecting pieces of paper, in the form of books and journals, which mentioned Fabergé and his art.","In 1994, she published her first book, \"Fabergé and His Works: An Annotated Bibliography of the First Century of His Art,\" the first annotated bibliography of literature about Fabergé. Her second book followed in 2001, which she co-authored with Australian scholar Will Lowes. \"Fabergé Eggs: A Retrospective Encyclopedia\" is the only work of its kind and is the premiere reference work on the subject.","Through the course of her work, McCanless connected with a tremendous network of fellow Faberge scholars and enthusiasts and as a result, went on to found the \"Fabergé Research Newsletter\" and \"Fabergé Research\" website in 2006. The site continues to serve as a vehicle for disseminating new research and discoveries about Fabergé and his art.","Additional biographical information can be found at Encyclopedia.com (link provided by McCanless)."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is comprised of materials donated by Christel Ludewig McCanless. The original donation occured in 2016, with periodic accretions received a few times each year. Series 6 was donated in November 2019.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Custodial History"],"custodhist_tesim":["The collection is comprised of materials donated by Christel Ludewig McCanless. The original donation occured in 2016, with periodic accretions received a few times each year. Series 6 was donated in November 2019."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eChristel Ludewig McCanless Collection Related to Peter Carl Fabergé (SC-27). Gift of Christel Ludewig McCanless. VMFA Archives, Richmond, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Christel Ludewig McCanless Collection Related to Peter Carl Fabergé (SC-27). Gift of Christel Ludewig McCanless. VMFA Archives, Richmond, Virginia."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOriginal order and folder titles were retained during processing.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Original order and folder titles were retained during processing."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection's inclusive dates are 1971-2019, with the bulk of the material dating from the 1990s-2000s. The collection is comprised of correspondence, writings, research materials, bibliographic records, auction results, audiovisual materials, slides, books, posters, and realia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection's inclusive dates are 1971-2019, with the bulk of the material dating from the 1990s-2000s. The collection is comprised of correspondence, writings, research materials, bibliographic records, auction results, audiovisual materials, slides, books, posters, and realia."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is subject to all copyright laws.  Transmission or reproduction of other materials protected by copyright, beyond that allowed by fair use, requires the researcher to obtain permission of copyright holders.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The collection is subject to all copyright laws.  Transmission or reproduction of other materials protected by copyright, beyond that allowed by fair use, requires the researcher to obtain permission of copyright holders."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_4799b33a63dffe7738fd647f366439db\"\u003eThe collection represents portions of the extensive research library and archives formed by Christel Ludewig McCanless over forty years. A noted Fabergé scholar, McCanless published the first annotated bibliography of literature about Fabergé in 1994, the premiere encyclopedia about the Fabergé eggs in 2001, and founded the \"Fabergé Research Newsletter\" and \"Fabergé Research Site\" in 2008. While dedicated to research about the artistry of Fabergé, McCanless' collection also includes numerous resources on Russian history, culture, and artwork.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The collection represents portions of the extensive research library and archives formed by Christel Ludewig McCanless over forty years. A noted Fabergé scholar, McCanless published the first annotated bibliography of literature about Fabergé in 1994, the premiere encyclopedia about the Fabergé eggs in 2001, and founded the \"Fabergé Research Newsletter\" and \"Fabergé Research Site\" in 2008. While dedicated to research about the artistry of Fabergé, McCanless' collection also includes numerous resources on Russian history, culture, and artwork."],"corpname_ssim":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts Archives","Fabergé (Firm)"],"names_coll_ssim":["Fabergé (Firm)","Fabergé, Peter Carl, 1846-1920"],"persname_ssim":["Fabergé, Peter Carl, 1846-1920"],"names_ssim":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts Archives","Fabergé (Firm)","Fabergé, Peter Carl, 1846-1920"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":337,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:42:01.770Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_52","ead_ssi":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_52","_root_":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_52","_nest_parent_":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_52","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VMFA/repositories_2_resources_52.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.vmfa.museum/repositories/2/resources/52","title_filing_ssi":"McCanless, Christel Ludewig (SC-27)","title_ssm":["Christel Ludewig McCanless Collection Related to Peter Carl Fabergé (SC-27)"],"title_tesim":["Christel Ludewig McCanless Collection Related to Peter Carl Fabergé (SC-27)"],"unitdate_ssm":["1971-2023"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1971-2023"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1971/2023"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Christel Ludewig McCanless Collection Related to Peter Carl Fabergé (SC-27), 1971/2023"],"text":["Christel Ludewig McCanless Collection Related to Peter Carl Fabergé (SC-27), 1971/2023","SC-27","/repositories/2/resources/52","The collection is open for research.","The collection is organized into six series. Series 1, 2, and 6 are divided into sub-series by topic.","Series 1\n        Reference Files\n      \n      \n        Series 2\n        Research Files\n      \n      \n        Series 3\n        Images\n      \n      \n        Series 4\n        Media\n      \n      \n        Series 5\n        Realia\n      \n      \n        Series 6\n        \"Fabergé Eggs: A Retrospective Encyclopedia\" Egg Data Files","Fabergé and his Works: An Annotated Bibliography of the First Century of his Art, 1994","Fabergé Eggs: A Retrospective Encyclopedia, 2001","Born on November 20, 1939, in Peenemünde, Germany, Christel Ludewig McCanless is a former librarian and noted Fabergé scholar. She currently resides with her husband George in Huntsville, Alabama, where she immigrated with her parents after fleeing Russian occupied East Germany in 1953. Her father, Hermann R. R. Ludewig, was a missile and space engineer at the Peenemünde Army Research Center under Wernher von Braun.","While serving as the Library Director of the University of Alabama in Huntsville in the 1960s, she became interested in the art of Fabergé after reading Robert K. Massie's book, \"Nicholas and Alexandra,\" and Morton Shulman's book, \"Anyone Can Make a Million.\" Massie's book provided the historical details of imperial Russia in which the decorative art of the Russian court jeweler, Peter Carl Fabergé, flourished. Shulman's book discussed how one \"can make a million\" in collecting art objects. As a practicing librarian, McCanless instead began collecting pieces of paper, in the form of books and journals, which mentioned Fabergé and his art.","In 1994, she published her first book, \"Fabergé and His Works: An Annotated Bibliography of the First Century of His Art,\" the first annotated bibliography of literature about Fabergé. Her second book followed in 2001, which she co-authored with Australian scholar Will Lowes. \"Fabergé Eggs: A Retrospective Encyclopedia\" is the only work of its kind and is the premiere reference work on the subject.","Through the course of her work, McCanless connected with a tremendous network of fellow Faberge scholars and enthusiasts and as a result, went on to found the \"Fabergé Research Newsletter\" and \"Fabergé Research\" website in 2006. The site continues to serve as a vehicle for disseminating new research and discoveries about Fabergé and his art.","Additional biographical information can be found at Encyclopedia.com (link provided by McCanless).","The collection is comprised of materials donated by Christel Ludewig McCanless. The original donation occured in 2016, with periodic accretions received a few times each year. Series 6 was donated in November 2019.","Original order and folder titles were retained during processing.","The collection's inclusive dates are 1971-2019, with the bulk of the material dating from the 1990s-2000s. The collection is comprised of correspondence, writings, research materials, bibliographic records, auction results, audiovisual materials, slides, books, posters, and realia.","The collection is subject to all copyright laws.  Transmission or reproduction of other materials protected by copyright, beyond that allowed by fair use, requires the researcher to obtain permission of copyright holders.","The collection represents portions of the extensive research library and archives formed by Christel Ludewig McCanless over forty years. A noted Fabergé scholar, McCanless published the first annotated bibliography of literature about Fabergé in 1994, the premiere encyclopedia about the Fabergé eggs in 2001, and founded the \"Fabergé Research Newsletter\" and \"Fabergé Research Site\" in 2008. While dedicated to research about the artistry of Fabergé, McCanless' collection also includes numerous resources on Russian history, culture, and artwork.","Virginia Museum of Fine Arts Archives","Fabergé (Firm)","Fabergé, Peter Carl, 1846-1920","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Christel Ludewig McCanless Collection Related to Peter Carl Fabergé (SC-27), 1971/2023"],"collection_ssim":["Christel Ludewig McCanless Collection Related to Peter Carl Fabergé (SC-27), 1971/2023"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC-27","/repositories/2/resources/52"],"unitid_tesim":["SC-27","/repositories/2/resources/52"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Fabergé, Peter Carl, 1846-1920"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts Archives","Fabergé (Firm)"],"creators_ssim":["Fabergé, Peter Carl, 1846-1920","Virginia Museum of Fine Arts Archives","Fabergé (Firm)"],"access_terms_ssm":["The collection is subject to all copyright laws.  Transmission or reproduction of other materials protected by copyright, beyond that allowed by fair use, requires the researcher to obtain permission of copyright holders."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["7.5 Linear Feet 6 boxes; 283 folders, 90 items"],"extent_tesim":["7.5 Linear Feet 6 boxes; 283 folders, 90 items"],"date_range_isim":[1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018,2019,2020,2021,2022,2023],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is organized into six series. Series 1, 2, and 6 are divided into sub-series by topic.\u003c/p\u003e    ","\u003clist type=\"deflist\"\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 1\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eReference Files\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 2\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eResearch Files\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 3\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eImages\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 4\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMedia\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 5\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eRealia\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 6\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e\"Fabergé Eggs: A Retrospective Encyclopedia\" Egg Data Files\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is organized into six series. Series 1, 2, and 6 are divided into sub-series by topic.","Series 1\n        Reference Files\n      \n      \n        Series 2\n        Research Files\n      \n      \n        Series 3\n        Images\n      \n      \n        Series 4\n        Media\n      \n      \n        Series 5\n        Realia\n      \n      \n        Series 6\n        \"Fabergé Eggs: A Retrospective Encyclopedia\" Egg Data Files"],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cbibref\u003eFabergé and his Works: An Annotated Bibliography of the First Century of his Art, 1994\u003c/bibref\u003e\n    ","\u003cbibref\u003eFabergé Eggs: A Retrospective Encyclopedia, 2001\u003c/bibref\u003e\n  "],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Related Materials - VMFA Library"],"bibliography_tesim":["Fabergé and his Works: An Annotated Bibliography of the First Century of his Art, 1994","Fabergé Eggs: A Retrospective Encyclopedia, 2001"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBorn on November 20, 1939, in Peenemünde, Germany, Christel Ludewig McCanless is a former librarian and noted Fabergé scholar. She currently resides with her husband George in Huntsville, Alabama, where she immigrated with her parents after fleeing Russian occupied East Germany in 1953. Her father, Hermann R. R. Ludewig, was a missile and space engineer at the Peenemünde Army Research Center under Wernher von Braun.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWhile serving as the Library Director of the University of Alabama in Huntsville in the 1960s, she became interested in the art of Fabergé after reading Robert K. Massie's book, \"Nicholas and Alexandra,\" and Morton Shulman's book, \"Anyone Can Make a Million.\" Massie's book provided the historical details of imperial Russia in which the decorative art of the Russian court jeweler, Peter Carl Fabergé, flourished. Shulman's book discussed how one \"can make a million\" in collecting art objects. As a practicing librarian, McCanless instead began collecting pieces of paper, in the form of books and journals, which mentioned Fabergé and his art.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1994, she published her first book, \"Fabergé and His Works: An Annotated Bibliography of the First Century of His Art,\" the first annotated bibliography of literature about Fabergé. Her second book followed in 2001, which she co-authored with Australian scholar Will Lowes. \"Fabergé Eggs: A Retrospective Encyclopedia\" is the only work of its kind and is the premiere reference work on the subject. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThrough the course of her work, McCanless connected with a tremendous network of fellow Faberge scholars and enthusiasts and as a result, went on to found the \"Fabergé Research Newsletter\" and \"Fabergé Research\" website in 2006. The site continues to serve as a vehicle for disseminating new research and discoveries about Fabergé and his art. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAdditional biographical information can be found at \u003ca href=\"https://www.encyclopedia.com/arts/educational-magazines/mccanless-christel-ludewig-1939\"\u003eEncyclopedia.com\u003c/a\u003e (link provided by McCanless).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Born on November 20, 1939, in Peenemünde, Germany, Christel Ludewig McCanless is a former librarian and noted Fabergé scholar. She currently resides with her husband George in Huntsville, Alabama, where she immigrated with her parents after fleeing Russian occupied East Germany in 1953. Her father, Hermann R. R. Ludewig, was a missile and space engineer at the Peenemünde Army Research Center under Wernher von Braun.","While serving as the Library Director of the University of Alabama in Huntsville in the 1960s, she became interested in the art of Fabergé after reading Robert K. Massie's book, \"Nicholas and Alexandra,\" and Morton Shulman's book, \"Anyone Can Make a Million.\" Massie's book provided the historical details of imperial Russia in which the decorative art of the Russian court jeweler, Peter Carl Fabergé, flourished. Shulman's book discussed how one \"can make a million\" in collecting art objects. As a practicing librarian, McCanless instead began collecting pieces of paper, in the form of books and journals, which mentioned Fabergé and his art.","In 1994, she published her first book, \"Fabergé and His Works: An Annotated Bibliography of the First Century of His Art,\" the first annotated bibliography of literature about Fabergé. Her second book followed in 2001, which she co-authored with Australian scholar Will Lowes. \"Fabergé Eggs: A Retrospective Encyclopedia\" is the only work of its kind and is the premiere reference work on the subject.","Through the course of her work, McCanless connected with a tremendous network of fellow Faberge scholars and enthusiasts and as a result, went on to found the \"Fabergé Research Newsletter\" and \"Fabergé Research\" website in 2006. The site continues to serve as a vehicle for disseminating new research and discoveries about Fabergé and his art.","Additional biographical information can be found at Encyclopedia.com (link provided by McCanless)."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is comprised of materials donated by Christel Ludewig McCanless. The original donation occured in 2016, with periodic accretions received a few times each year. Series 6 was donated in November 2019.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Custodial History"],"custodhist_tesim":["The collection is comprised of materials donated by Christel Ludewig McCanless. The original donation occured in 2016, with periodic accretions received a few times each year. Series 6 was donated in November 2019."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eChristel Ludewig McCanless Collection Related to Peter Carl Fabergé (SC-27). Gift of Christel Ludewig McCanless. VMFA Archives, Richmond, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Christel Ludewig McCanless Collection Related to Peter Carl Fabergé (SC-27). Gift of Christel Ludewig McCanless. VMFA Archives, Richmond, Virginia."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOriginal order and folder titles were retained during processing.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Original order and folder titles were retained during processing."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection's inclusive dates are 1971-2019, with the bulk of the material dating from the 1990s-2000s. The collection is comprised of correspondence, writings, research materials, bibliographic records, auction results, audiovisual materials, slides, books, posters, and realia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection's inclusive dates are 1971-2019, with the bulk of the material dating from the 1990s-2000s. The collection is comprised of correspondence, writings, research materials, bibliographic records, auction results, audiovisual materials, slides, books, posters, and realia."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is subject to all copyright laws.  Transmission or reproduction of other materials protected by copyright, beyond that allowed by fair use, requires the researcher to obtain permission of copyright holders.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The collection is subject to all copyright laws.  Transmission or reproduction of other materials protected by copyright, beyond that allowed by fair use, requires the researcher to obtain permission of copyright holders."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_4799b33a63dffe7738fd647f366439db\"\u003eThe collection represents portions of the extensive research library and archives formed by Christel Ludewig McCanless over forty years. A noted Fabergé scholar, McCanless published the first annotated bibliography of literature about Fabergé in 1994, the premiere encyclopedia about the Fabergé eggs in 2001, and founded the \"Fabergé Research Newsletter\" and \"Fabergé Research Site\" in 2008. While dedicated to research about the artistry of Fabergé, McCanless' collection also includes numerous resources on Russian history, culture, and artwork.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The collection represents portions of the extensive research library and archives formed by Christel Ludewig McCanless over forty years. A noted Fabergé scholar, McCanless published the first annotated bibliography of literature about Fabergé in 1994, the premiere encyclopedia about the Fabergé eggs in 2001, and founded the \"Fabergé Research Newsletter\" and \"Fabergé Research Site\" in 2008. While dedicated to research about the artistry of Fabergé, McCanless' collection also includes numerous resources on Russian history, culture, and artwork."],"corpname_ssim":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts Archives","Fabergé (Firm)"],"names_coll_ssim":["Fabergé (Firm)","Fabergé, Peter Carl, 1846-1920"],"persname_ssim":["Fabergé, Peter Carl, 1846-1920"],"names_ssim":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts Archives","Fabergé (Firm)","Fabergé, Peter Carl, 1846-1920"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":337,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:42:01.770Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/virmu_repositories_2_resources_52"}},{"id":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_61","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Collateral and Other Publications (PB-05), 1952/2023","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/virmu_repositories_2_resources_61#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Virginia Museum of Fine Arts","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/virmu_repositories_2_resources_61#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"The collection is part of the Publications Archive, and is comprised of archival copies of collateral and numerous other types of publications created by the museum, including theater programs, gallery guides, statewide services catalogs, marketing reports, and Council publications.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/virmu_repositories_2_resources_61#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_61","ead_ssi":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_61","_root_":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_61","_nest_parent_":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_61","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VMFA/repositories_2_resources_61.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.vmfa.museum/repositories/2/resources/61","title_filing_ssi":"Collateral and Other Publications (PB-05)","title_ssm":["Collateral and Other Publications (PB-05)"],"title_tesim":["Collateral and Other Publications (PB-05)"],"unitdate_ssm":["1952-2023"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1952-2023"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1952/2023"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Collateral and Other Publications (PB-05), 1952/2023"],"text":["Collateral and Other Publications (PB-05), 1952/2023","PB-05","/repositories/2/resources/61","The collection is open for research.","The collection is organized into seven series, and items are generally arranged chronologically within each series. Some series are arranged thematically and then chronologically.","Series 1\n        Collateral\n      \n      \n        Series 2\n        Theater Programs\n      \n      \n        Series 3\n        Council\n      \n      \n        Series 4\n        Statewide Services\n      \n      \n        Series 5\n        Gallery Guides\n      \n      \n        Series 6\n        Marketing\n      \n      \n        Series 7\n        ICA Reports","The collection was transferred from the Library. Accretions are added regularly when new materials are published.","The archives strives to retain a minimum of 3 copies of pieces of collateral and other publications.","The collection's inclusive dates are 1952-2023, however the bulk of the material dates from the 1980s-2000s. The collection contains all kinds of formats, from small catalogs to postcards to newsletters to reports.","The collection is subject to all copyright laws. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by copyright, beyond that allowed by fair use, requires the researcher to obtain permission of copyright holders.","The collection is part of the Publications Archive, and is comprised of archival copies of collateral and numerous other types of publications created by the museum, including theater programs, gallery guides, statewide services catalogs, marketing reports, and Council publications.","Virginia Museum of Fine Arts Archives","Virginia Museum of Fine Arts","Virginia Museum of Fine Arts‏. 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Some series are arranged thematically and then chronologically.","Series 1\n        Collateral\n      \n      \n        Series 2\n        Theater Programs\n      \n      \n        Series 3\n        Council\n      \n      \n        Series 4\n        Statewide Services\n      \n      \n        Series 5\n        Gallery Guides\n      \n      \n        Series 6\n        Marketing\n      \n      \n        Series 7\n        ICA Reports"],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection was transferred from the Library. Accretions are added regularly when new materials are published.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Provenance"],"custodhist_tesim":["The collection was transferred from the Library. Accretions are added regularly when new materials are published."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollateral and Other Publications (PB-05). VMFA Archives, Richmond, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Collateral and Other Publications (PB-05). VMFA Archives, Richmond, Virginia."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe archives strives to retain a minimum of 3 copies of pieces of collateral and other publications.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The archives strives to retain a minimum of 3 copies of pieces of collateral and other publications."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection's inclusive dates are 1952-2023, however the bulk of the material dates from the 1980s-2000s. The collection contains all kinds of formats, from small catalogs to postcards to newsletters to reports.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection's inclusive dates are 1952-2023, however the bulk of the material dates from the 1980s-2000s. The collection contains all kinds of formats, from small catalogs to postcards to newsletters to reports."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is subject to all copyright laws. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by copyright, beyond that allowed by fair use, requires the researcher to obtain permission of copyright holders.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Publication"],"userestrict_tesim":["The collection is subject to all copyright laws. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by copyright, beyond that allowed by fair use, requires the researcher to obtain permission of copyright holders."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_3ea927b22cf638e403d9f28cf7dfe264\"\u003eThe collection is part of the Publications Archive, and is comprised of archival copies of collateral and numerous other types of publications created by the museum, including theater programs, gallery guides, statewide services catalogs, marketing reports, and Council publications.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The collection is part of the Publications Archive, and is comprised of archival copies of collateral and numerous other types of publications created by the museum, including theater programs, gallery guides, statewide services catalogs, marketing reports, and Council publications."],"corpname_ssim":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts Archives","Virginia Museum of Fine Arts","Virginia Museum of Fine Arts‏. Council","Virginia Museum Theatre (Richmond, Va.)","TheatreVirginia (Richmond, Va.)"],"names_coll_ssim":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts","Virginia Museum of Fine Arts","Virginia Museum of Fine Arts‏. Council","Virginia Museum Theatre (Richmond, Va.)","TheatreVirginia (Richmond, Va.)"],"names_ssim":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts Archives","Virginia Museum of Fine Arts","Virginia Museum of Fine Arts‏. Council","Virginia Museum Theatre (Richmond, Va.)","TheatreVirginia (Richmond, Va.)"],"language_ssim":["English\n."],"total_component_count_is":644,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:42:01.770Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/virmu_repositories_2_resources_61"}},{"id":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_44","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Director's Correspondence (RG-01), 1927/2009","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/virmu_repositories_2_resources_44#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_44","ead_ssi":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_44","_root_":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_44","_nest_parent_":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_44","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VMFA/repositories_2_resources_44.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.vmfa.museum/repositories/2/resources/44","title_filing_ssi":"Director's Correspondence (RG-01)","title_ssm":["Director's Correspondence (RG-01)"],"title_tesim":["Director's Correspondence (RG-01)"],"unitdate_ssm":["1927-2009"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1927-2009"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1927/2009"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Director's Correspondence (RG-01), 1927/2009"],"text":["Director's Correspondence (RG-01), 1927/2009","RG-01","/repositories/2/resources/44","The collection is minimally processed. Requests to perform research must be submitted to the VMFA Archives at least three business days in advance.","As custodians of public records, VMFA only restricts access to public records when sensitive information is present. Such restrictions are applied in accordance with the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia, § 2.2-3700 thru § 2.2-3714) and the Government Data Collection and Dissemination Practices Act (Code of Virginia, § 2.2-3800 thru § 2.2-3809).","The collection is organized into six series, and items are generally arranged alphabetically within series 1-2. 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Series 3-6 are generally arranged chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e    ","\u003clist type=\"deflist\"\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 1\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eDirector's Correspondence, 1927-2006\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 2\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eDirector's Office Staff, 1977-2008\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 3\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eBuilding Files, 1979-2004\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 4\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eOrganization Files, 1991-2006\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 5\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMeeting Files, 1998-2009\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 6\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eProgram Files, 1992-2007\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is organized into six series, and items are generally arranged alphabetically within series 1-2. 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The bulk of the Early Director's Correspondence (Series 1.1) was deposited at to the Library of Virginia in 1982, where it remained until November 2022 when it was returned to VMFA."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDirector's Correspondence (RG-01). VMFA Archives, Richmond, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Director's Correspondence (RG-01). VMFA Archives, Richmond, Virginia."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn general, during processing, all publications are removed and added to the VMFA Library's holdings and original newspaper clippings are photocopied, with identifiers transferred, and then destroyed. Original folder titles are retained, when provided.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1.1 was processed by State Records Archivist Laura Drake Davis from 2006-2008 while it was still deposited at the Library of Virginia. 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Requests to perform research must be submitted to the VMFA Archives at least three business days in advance.","As custodians of public records, VMFA only restricts access to public records when sensitive information is present. Such restrictions are applied in accordance with the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia, § 2.2-3700 thru § 2.2-3714) and the Government Data Collection and Dissemination Practices Act (Code of Virginia, § 2.2-3800 thru § 2.2-3809).","The collection is organized into six series, and items are generally arranged alphabetically within series 1-2. 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