{"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1972\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=George+Mason+University\u0026page=636","prev":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1972\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=George+Mason+University\u0026page=635","next":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1972\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=George+Mason+University\u0026page=637","last":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1972\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=George+Mason+University\u0026page=640"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":636,"next_page":637,"prev_page":635,"total_pages":640,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":6350,"total_count":6399,"first_page?":false,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_148_c03_c209","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Working paper of the center for the study of the city and its environment, 1972","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_148_c03_c209#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eInstitution for Social Policy Studies\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_148_c03_c209#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_148_c03_c209","ref_ssm":["vifgm_repositories_2_resources_148_c03_c209"],"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_148_c03_c209","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_148","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_148","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_148_c03","parent_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_148_c03","parent_ssim":["Partners for Livable Communities collection","Series 3: Central Business Districts, 1960/1989"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vifgm_repositories_2_resources_148","vifgm_repositories_2_resources_148_c03"],"title_filing_ssi":"Working paper of the center for the study of the city and its environment","title_ssm":["Working paper of the center for the study of the city and its environment"],"title_tesim":["Working paper of the center for the study of the city and its environment"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Working paper of the center for the study of the city and its environment, 1972"],"text":["Working paper of the center for the study of the city and its environment, 1972","Partners for Livable Communities collection","Series 3: Central Business Districts, 1960/1989","box 13","volume 9","Institution for Social Policy Studies"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Partners for Livable Communities collection","Series 3: Central Business Districts, 1960/1989"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Partners for Livable Communities collection","Series 3: Central Business Districts, 1960/1989"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1972"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1972"],"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"component_level_isim":[2],"sort_isi":252,"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"collection_ssim":["Partners for Livable Communities collection"],"containers_ssim":["box 13","volume 9"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["There are no access restrictions."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"date_range_isim":[1972],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eInstitution for Social Policy Studies\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents note"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Institution for Social Policy Studies"],"_nest_path_":"/components#2/components#208","timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:34:21.201Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_148","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_148","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_148","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_148","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_148.xml","title_ssm":["Partners for Livable Communities collection"],"title_tesim":["Partners for Livable Communities collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1962 - 1994"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1962 - 1994"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Partners for Livable Communities collection"],"text":["Partners for Livable Communities collection","C0021","/repositories/2/resources/148","Buildings -- Remodeling for other use -- United States","Central business districts -- United States","Energy Conservation -- United States","Open spaces -- United States","Planned communities","Tourism -- United States","Transportation -- United States -- Planning","City planning -- United States","City planning","There are no access restrictions.","Arranged into 14 series by subject with each series organized alphabetically by title.","Series\n      Series 1: Adaptive Reuse, 1972-1981 (Boxes 1-2)\n      Series 2: Archaeology, 1967-1982 (Box 2)\n      Series 3: Central Business Districts, 1960-1989 (Boxes 2-13)\n      Series 4: Cultural Facilities, 1966-1989 (Boxes 13-16)\n      Series 5: Design, 1962-1989 (Boxes 17-23)\n      Series 6: Energy, 1975-1983 (Boxes 23-25)\n      Series 7: Environment, 1970-1989 (Boxes 25-28)\n      Series 8: Handicap Accessibility, 1975-1980 (Boxes 28-29)\n      Series 9: Open Spaces, Parks, and Recreation, 1971-1990 (Boxes 29-32)\n      Series 10: Public and Private Partnerships, 1976-1989 (Boxes 32-34)\n      Series 11: Tourism, 1965-1990 (Boxes 34-35)\n      Series 12: Transportation, 1962-1990 (Boxes 35-41)\n      Series 13: Urban Planning, 1956-1994 (Boxes 41-52)\n      Series 14: Oversize, 1967-1987 (Boxes 53-54)","Partners for Livable Communities (PLC) is a national, nonprofit organization working to restore and renew American communities by providing information, leadership and guidance that help communities help themselves. Founded by a consortium of the National Endowment of the Arts in 1977 under the title \"Partners for Livable Places,\" the organization initially focused on design and culture as resources for livability.","During the 1980s the organization expanded its scope to address the economic concerns of communities and launched a number of programs, each focusing on a specific problem area of community development. The Economics of Amenity program secured PLC's place as a national resource dedicated to the economic value of using amenities for community development. It was soon followed by three other programs - Cities in Transition, The New Civics, and Celebrate the American Community - which approached community development in a more holistic manner that took open spaces and cultural centers into consideration as well as the impact of social and physical changes to the urban landscape.","During the 1990s the Shaping Growth in America program was launched to address issues of social inequity, children and families, minorities and the poor. The 1990s also brought a new name, \"Partners for Livable Communities,\" and a redefinition of the Partners' Resource Center as the National Center for Community Action. PLC continues to work toward the growth and improvement of American communities to this day.","Processed in 2008 and 2009 by Eron Ackerman and Jordan Patty. EAD markup completed in January 2009 by Eron Ackerman. Finding aid updated by Amanda Menjivar in February 2023.","The Special Collections Research Center has other materials on urban planning in the Planned Community Archives collection and on transportation planning in the , the , the , and the","This collection contains planning reports, studies, theses, dissertations, policy proposals, books, magazine articles, meeting minutes, and congressional hearings on various aspects of urban planning and community development dating mostly from the 1970s and 1980s. Much of the material deals with cities and regions in the United States, but the collection also features reports and studies on China and a number of European countries. The materials included in this collection were gathered by the Partners for Livability Community in its effort to form a clearing house of information on urban and regional planning under the NEH-funded Architecture, Design and Planning Program.","Series 1, Adaptive Reuse, contains materials on historic preservation and the reuse of old buildings and spaces for new purposes. It includes books outlining the cultural and economic benefits of adaptive reuse as well as case studies on the adaptive use of specific buildings, including industrial centers, loft apartments, museums, schools, historic railroad stations, and the Old St. Louis Post Office.","Series 2, Archaeology, includes a hand-full of materials on urban and industrial archaeology in California, the Northeast, and London.","Series 3, Central Business Districts, is the largest section of the PLC collection. It contains a number of planning reports, policy proposals, and books pertaining to the revitalization of central business districts and enterprise zones. The materials cover an array of U.S. cities including Los Angeles, San Diego, San Francisco, Baltimore, Bethesda, Washington, DC, Louisville, Dallas, Houston, Minneapolis, and Portland, Oregon. Some of the materials also deal with Canadian cities including Calgary, Edmonton, and Toronto as well as European cities including London, Berlin, and Amsterdam. Some specific items include a 1981 study on the revitalization of New York's 42nd St, a 1980 review of urban renewal in Amsterdam, a Bethesda streetscape plan from 1984, a comprehensive plan for the central city area of Racine, Wisconsin, proposals for retail development in Washington, D.C., and several studies on malls, farmers markets, and sidewalk cafes from the 1970s and 1980s.","Series 4, Cultural Facilities, contains materials on the municipal funding of public art and the development of community cultural facilities such as art centers, theaters, concert halls, and opera houses. The cities covered include Seattle, Rochester, Lowell, Knox, and Washington, D.C.","Series 5, Design, contains various technical, prescriptive, and theoretical materials on urban design, architecture, and landscape architecture. The subjects covered range from studies of classical Greek, Gothic, and twelfth-century Chinese architecture to surveys of contemporary British, German, Italian, and Swedish architecture to manuals on pedestrian design and articles on vandalism deterrence. The cities and regions covered include Berlin, Australia, Calgary, New Orleans, Brooklyn, rural Texas, and Concho, Arizona.","Series 6, Energy, contains numerous reports and studies on energy conservation planning as well as several congressional hearings on conservation policy. Most of the materials therein cover general issues (as opposed to case studies) including solar energy, bicycle transportation design, and making old buildings and historic districts energy efficient.","Series 7, Environment, contains plans and guidelines for environmental design and conservation in various regions including California, Delaware, northern Virginia, and Athens, Greece. The subjects covered include highway noise and beautification, rural land development, lake management, and water conservation.","Series 8, Handicap Accessibility, contains a small number of manuals on the incorporation of accessibility features into architecture and urban design.","Series 9, Open Spaces, Parks, and Recreation, consists mostly of plans and reports on the design and development of open spaces, parks, and cultural facilities. The subjects addressed include urban open spaces, parks, zoos, waterfront revitalization, and urban forestry in such cities as Dayton, Pittsburgh, Camden, Chattanooga, San Francisco, and Tampa.","Series 10, Public and Private Partnerships, includes reports and studies on the projects of various public and private partnerships aimed at developing the local economy, mitigating social inequity, and providing social services such as child care and urban renewal to the community. The partnerships examined in this series include the Bronx Land Reclamation Program, the Citibank Flatbush Project, the Missouri Neighborhood Assistance Program, and the Navy Broadway Complex Project.","Series 11, Tourism, contains reports and proposals pertaining to the promotion and development of tourism. The materials deal with such topics as the development of historic centers for tourism, tourist impact control, the 1980 and 1981 Travel Outlook Forum proceedings, the promotion of black material culture, and the \"gritty city enhancement strategy,\" which aims to capitalize on the \"gritty\" ambience of old working-class neighborhoods and industrial centers as tourist attractions.","Series 12, Transportation, contains materials on the design and improvement of transportation infrastructure. Most of the studies cover general topics, but the series includes case studies of New York, New Orleans, Los Angeles, and the Netherlands. The topics covered include automobile restricted zones, center-city parking and parking lot design, transportation architecture, the economics of transportation restriction, traffic control design, railway and trolley transit, bicycle transportation and parking, and pedestrian relief areas.","Series 13, Urban Planning, is the largest section of the PLC collection after Series 3 (Central Business Districts). This series contains planning reports, policy statements, and congressional hearings on a wide range of urban planning and community development issues including economic development, land use, municipal tax policy, and suburban sprawl. Most of the materials deal with U.S. cities including Washington, D.C., Baltimore, Philadelphia, Madison, and Cincinatti, and such North American regions as Arizona, California, Texas, Oregon, New Jersey, Hawaii, Ontario, and British Columbia. However, it also contains studies on urban planning in China and a number of European countries including France, Italy, Spain, Poland, and the Netherlands. Within this series one will find numerous publications from the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, several studies on Court House Plaza in Arlington, a 1972 report on Fairfax County, The President's National Urban Policy Report of 1980 and 1988, Reports of the European Campaign for Urban Renaissance, meeting minutes of the Council of Europe's 5th Symposium in 1977, and a dozen case studies from the \"States and Urban Strategies\" series.","Series 14, Oversize, contains oversize books on subjects that would otherwise be included in the following series: Central Business Districts, Cultural Facilities, Open Spaces, Parks and Recreation, and Urban Planning. It contains studies and planning proposals with large color photographs on San Diego, San Francisco, Baton Rouge, Chicago, and Providence, as well as Dublin, Ireland, and the Hague.","The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)","This collection contains planning reports, studies, theses, dissertations, policy proposals, books, magazine articles, meeting minutes, and congressional hearings on various aspects of urban planning and community development dating mostly from the 1970s and 1980s. These materials were gathered by the Partners for Livable Communities in its effort to form a clearing house of information on urban and regional planning under the NEH-funded Architecture, Design and Planning Program.","R10, C1, S6 - C2, S7 \nR11, C1, S1 \nMap Case 11.5","George Mason University. Libraries. 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Special Collections Research Center","Partners for Livable Communities"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donated by Partners for Livable Communities in 2008."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Buildings -- Remodeling for other use -- United States","Central business districts -- United States","Energy Conservation -- United States","Open spaces -- United States","Planned communities","Tourism -- United States","Transportation -- United States -- Planning","City planning -- United States","City planning"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Buildings -- Remodeling for other use -- United States","Central business districts -- United States","Energy Conservation -- United States","Open spaces -- United States","Planned communities","Tourism -- United States","Transportation -- United States -- Planning","City planning -- United States","City planning"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["27 Linear Feet 54 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["27 Linear Feet 54 boxes"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eArranged into 14 series by subject with each series organized alphabetically by title.\u003c/p\u003e    ","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003chead\u003eSeries\u003c/head\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 1: Adaptive Reuse, 1972-1981 (Boxes 1-2)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 2: Archaeology, 1967-1982 (Box 2)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 3: Central Business Districts, 1960-1989 (Boxes 2-13)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 4: Cultural Facilities, 1966-1989 (Boxes 13-16)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 5: Design, 1962-1989 (Boxes 17-23)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 6: Energy, 1975-1983 (Boxes 23-25)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 7: Environment, 1970-1989 (Boxes 25-28)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 8: Handicap Accessibility, 1975-1980 (Boxes 28-29)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 9: Open Spaces, Parks, and Recreation, 1971-1990 (Boxes 29-32)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 10: Public and Private Partnerships, 1976-1989 (Boxes 32-34)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 11: Tourism, 1965-1990 (Boxes 34-35)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 12: Transportation, 1962-1990 (Boxes 35-41)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 13: Urban Planning, 1956-1994 (Boxes 41-52)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 14: Oversize, 1967-1987 (Boxes 53-54)\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Arranged into 14 series by subject with each series organized alphabetically by title.","Series\n      Series 1: Adaptive Reuse, 1972-1981 (Boxes 1-2)\n      Series 2: Archaeology, 1967-1982 (Box 2)\n      Series 3: Central Business Districts, 1960-1989 (Boxes 2-13)\n      Series 4: Cultural Facilities, 1966-1989 (Boxes 13-16)\n      Series 5: Design, 1962-1989 (Boxes 17-23)\n      Series 6: Energy, 1975-1983 (Boxes 23-25)\n      Series 7: Environment, 1970-1989 (Boxes 25-28)\n      Series 8: Handicap Accessibility, 1975-1980 (Boxes 28-29)\n      Series 9: Open Spaces, Parks, and Recreation, 1971-1990 (Boxes 29-32)\n      Series 10: Public and Private Partnerships, 1976-1989 (Boxes 32-34)\n      Series 11: Tourism, 1965-1990 (Boxes 34-35)\n      Series 12: Transportation, 1962-1990 (Boxes 35-41)\n      Series 13: Urban Planning, 1956-1994 (Boxes 41-52)\n      Series 14: Oversize, 1967-1987 (Boxes 53-54)"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePartners for Livable Communities (PLC) is a national, nonprofit organization working to restore and renew American communities by providing information, leadership and guidance that help communities help themselves. Founded by a consortium of the National Endowment of the Arts in 1977 under the title \"Partners for Livable Places,\" the organization initially focused on design and culture as resources for livability. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring the 1980s the organization expanded its scope to address the economic concerns of communities and launched a number of programs, each focusing on a specific problem area of community development. The Economics of Amenity program secured PLC's place as a national resource dedicated to the economic value of using amenities for community development. It was soon followed by three other programs - Cities in Transition, The New Civics, and Celebrate the American Community - which approached community development in a more holistic manner that took open spaces and cultural centers into consideration as well as the impact of social and physical changes to the urban landscape. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring the 1990s the Shaping Growth in America program was launched to address issues of social inequity, children and families, minorities and the poor. The 1990s also brought a new name, \"Partners for Livable Communities,\" and a redefinition of the Partners' Resource Center as the National Center for Community Action. PLC continues to work toward the growth and improvement of American communities to this day. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Partners for Livable Communities (PLC) is a national, nonprofit organization working to restore and renew American communities by providing information, leadership and guidance that help communities help themselves. Founded by a consortium of the National Endowment of the Arts in 1977 under the title \"Partners for Livable Places,\" the organization initially focused on design and culture as resources for livability.","During the 1980s the organization expanded its scope to address the economic concerns of communities and launched a number of programs, each focusing on a specific problem area of community development. The Economics of Amenity program secured PLC's place as a national resource dedicated to the economic value of using amenities for community development. It was soon followed by three other programs - Cities in Transition, The New Civics, and Celebrate the American Community - which approached community development in a more holistic manner that took open spaces and cultural centers into consideration as well as the impact of social and physical changes to the urban landscape.","During the 1990s the Shaping Growth in America program was launched to address issues of social inequity, children and families, minorities and the poor. The 1990s also brought a new name, \"Partners for Livable Communities,\" and a redefinition of the Partners' Resource Center as the National Center for Community Action. PLC continues to work toward the growth and improvement of American communities to this day."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePartners for Livable Communities collection, C0021, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Partners for Livable Communities collection, C0021, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed in 2008 and 2009 by Eron Ackerman and Jordan Patty. EAD markup completed in January 2009 by Eron Ackerman. Finding aid updated by Amanda Menjivar in February 2023.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed in 2008 and 2009 by Eron Ackerman and Jordan Patty. EAD markup completed in January 2009 by Eron Ackerman. Finding aid updated by Amanda Menjivar in February 2023."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Special Collections Research Center has other materials on urban planning in the Planned Community Archives collection and on transportation planning in the \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"William Mertz transportation collection\" href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0050\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e, the \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"American Public Transportation Association records\" href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0051\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e, the \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"John Roberts Hamburg transportation papers\" href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0073\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e, and the \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"James J. McDonnell transportation collection.\" href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0104\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Special Collections Research Center has other materials on urban planning in the Planned Community Archives collection and on transportation planning in the , the , the , and the"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains planning reports, studies, theses, dissertations, policy proposals, books, magazine articles, meeting minutes, and congressional hearings on various aspects of urban planning and community development dating mostly from the 1970s and 1980s. Much of the material deals with cities and regions in the United States, but the collection also features reports and studies on China and a number of European countries. The materials included in this collection were gathered by the Partners for Livability Community in its effort to form a clearing house of information on urban and regional planning under the NEH-funded Architecture, Design and Planning Program. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1, Adaptive Reuse, contains materials on historic preservation and the reuse of old buildings and spaces for new purposes. It includes books outlining the cultural and economic benefits of adaptive reuse as well as case studies on the adaptive use of specific buildings, including industrial centers, loft apartments, museums, schools, historic railroad stations, and the Old St. Louis Post Office. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2, Archaeology, includes a hand-full of materials on urban and industrial archaeology in California, the Northeast, and London. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 3, Central Business Districts, is the largest section of the PLC collection. It contains a number of planning reports, policy proposals, and books pertaining to the revitalization of central business districts and enterprise zones. The materials cover an array of U.S. cities including Los Angeles, San Diego, San Francisco, Baltimore, Bethesda, Washington, DC, Louisville, Dallas, Houston, Minneapolis, and Portland, Oregon. Some of the materials also deal with Canadian cities including Calgary, Edmonton, and Toronto as well as European cities including London, Berlin, and Amsterdam. Some specific items include a 1981 study on the revitalization of New York's 42nd St, a 1980 review of urban renewal in Amsterdam, a Bethesda streetscape plan from 1984, a comprehensive plan for the central city area of Racine, Wisconsin, proposals for retail development in Washington, D.C., and several studies on malls, farmers markets, and sidewalk cafes from the 1970s and 1980s. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 4, Cultural Facilities, contains materials on the municipal funding of public art and the development of community cultural facilities such as art centers, theaters, concert halls, and opera houses. The cities covered include Seattle, Rochester, Lowell, Knox, and Washington, D.C. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 5, Design, contains various technical, prescriptive, and theoretical materials on urban design, architecture, and landscape architecture. The subjects covered range from studies of classical Greek, Gothic, and twelfth-century Chinese architecture to surveys of contemporary British, German, Italian, and Swedish architecture to manuals on pedestrian design and articles on vandalism deterrence. The cities and regions covered include Berlin, Australia, Calgary, New Orleans, Brooklyn, rural Texas, and Concho, Arizona. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 6, Energy, contains numerous reports and studies on energy conservation planning as well as several congressional hearings on conservation policy. Most of the materials therein cover general issues (as opposed to case studies) including solar energy, bicycle transportation design, and making old buildings and historic districts energy efficient. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 7, Environment, contains plans and guidelines for environmental design and conservation in various regions including California, Delaware, northern Virginia, and Athens, Greece. The subjects covered include highway noise and beautification, rural land development, lake management, and water conservation. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 8, Handicap Accessibility, contains a small number of manuals on the incorporation of accessibility features into architecture and urban design. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 9, Open Spaces, Parks, and Recreation, consists mostly of plans and reports on the design and development of open spaces, parks, and cultural facilities. The subjects addressed include urban open spaces, parks, zoos, waterfront revitalization, and urban forestry in such cities as Dayton, Pittsburgh, Camden, Chattanooga, San Francisco, and Tampa. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 10, Public and Private Partnerships, includes reports and studies on the projects of various public and private partnerships aimed at developing the local economy, mitigating social inequity, and providing social services such as child care and urban renewal to the community. The partnerships examined in this series include the Bronx Land Reclamation Program, the Citibank Flatbush Project, the Missouri Neighborhood Assistance Program, and the Navy Broadway Complex Project. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 11, Tourism, contains reports and proposals pertaining to the promotion and development of tourism. The materials deal with such topics as the development of historic centers for tourism, tourist impact control, the 1980 and 1981 Travel Outlook Forum proceedings, the promotion of black material culture, and the \"gritty city enhancement strategy,\" which aims to capitalize on the \"gritty\" ambience of old working-class neighborhoods and industrial centers as tourist attractions. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 12, Transportation, contains materials on the design and improvement of transportation infrastructure. Most of the studies cover general topics, but the series includes case studies of New York, New Orleans, Los Angeles, and the Netherlands. The topics covered include automobile restricted zones, center-city parking and parking lot design, transportation architecture, the economics of transportation restriction, traffic control design, railway and trolley transit, bicycle transportation and parking, and pedestrian relief areas. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 13, Urban Planning, is the largest section of the PLC collection after Series 3 (Central Business Districts). This series contains planning reports, policy statements, and congressional hearings on a wide range of urban planning and community development issues including economic development, land use, municipal tax policy, and suburban sprawl. Most of the materials deal with U.S. cities including Washington, D.C., Baltimore, Philadelphia, Madison, and Cincinatti, and such North American regions as Arizona, California, Texas, Oregon, New Jersey, Hawaii, Ontario, and British Columbia. However, it also contains studies on urban planning in China and a number of European countries including France, Italy, Spain, Poland, and the Netherlands. Within this series one will find numerous publications from the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, several studies on Court House Plaza in Arlington, a 1972 report on Fairfax County, The President's National Urban Policy Report of 1980 and 1988, Reports of the European Campaign for Urban Renaissance, meeting minutes of the Council of Europe's 5th Symposium in 1977, and a dozen case studies from the \"States and Urban Strategies\" series. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 14, Oversize, contains oversize books on subjects that would otherwise be included in the following series: Central Business Districts, Cultural Facilities, Open Spaces, Parks and Recreation, and Urban Planning. It contains studies and planning proposals with large color photographs on San Diego, San Francisco, Baton Rouge, Chicago, and Providence, as well as Dublin, Ireland, and the Hague. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains planning reports, studies, theses, dissertations, policy proposals, books, magazine articles, meeting minutes, and congressional hearings on various aspects of urban planning and community development dating mostly from the 1970s and 1980s. Much of the material deals with cities and regions in the United States, but the collection also features reports and studies on China and a number of European countries. The materials included in this collection were gathered by the Partners for Livability Community in its effort to form a clearing house of information on urban and regional planning under the NEH-funded Architecture, Design and Planning Program.","Series 1, Adaptive Reuse, contains materials on historic preservation and the reuse of old buildings and spaces for new purposes. It includes books outlining the cultural and economic benefits of adaptive reuse as well as case studies on the adaptive use of specific buildings, including industrial centers, loft apartments, museums, schools, historic railroad stations, and the Old St. Louis Post Office.","Series 2, Archaeology, includes a hand-full of materials on urban and industrial archaeology in California, the Northeast, and London.","Series 3, Central Business Districts, is the largest section of the PLC collection. It contains a number of planning reports, policy proposals, and books pertaining to the revitalization of central business districts and enterprise zones. The materials cover an array of U.S. cities including Los Angeles, San Diego, San Francisco, Baltimore, Bethesda, Washington, DC, Louisville, Dallas, Houston, Minneapolis, and Portland, Oregon. Some of the materials also deal with Canadian cities including Calgary, Edmonton, and Toronto as well as European cities including London, Berlin, and Amsterdam. Some specific items include a 1981 study on the revitalization of New York's 42nd St, a 1980 review of urban renewal in Amsterdam, a Bethesda streetscape plan from 1984, a comprehensive plan for the central city area of Racine, Wisconsin, proposals for retail development in Washington, D.C., and several studies on malls, farmers markets, and sidewalk cafes from the 1970s and 1980s.","Series 4, Cultural Facilities, contains materials on the municipal funding of public art and the development of community cultural facilities such as art centers, theaters, concert halls, and opera houses. The cities covered include Seattle, Rochester, Lowell, Knox, and Washington, D.C.","Series 5, Design, contains various technical, prescriptive, and theoretical materials on urban design, architecture, and landscape architecture. The subjects covered range from studies of classical Greek, Gothic, and twelfth-century Chinese architecture to surveys of contemporary British, German, Italian, and Swedish architecture to manuals on pedestrian design and articles on vandalism deterrence. The cities and regions covered include Berlin, Australia, Calgary, New Orleans, Brooklyn, rural Texas, and Concho, Arizona.","Series 6, Energy, contains numerous reports and studies on energy conservation planning as well as several congressional hearings on conservation policy. Most of the materials therein cover general issues (as opposed to case studies) including solar energy, bicycle transportation design, and making old buildings and historic districts energy efficient.","Series 7, Environment, contains plans and guidelines for environmental design and conservation in various regions including California, Delaware, northern Virginia, and Athens, Greece. The subjects covered include highway noise and beautification, rural land development, lake management, and water conservation.","Series 8, Handicap Accessibility, contains a small number of manuals on the incorporation of accessibility features into architecture and urban design.","Series 9, Open Spaces, Parks, and Recreation, consists mostly of plans and reports on the design and development of open spaces, parks, and cultural facilities. The subjects addressed include urban open spaces, parks, zoos, waterfront revitalization, and urban forestry in such cities as Dayton, Pittsburgh, Camden, Chattanooga, San Francisco, and Tampa.","Series 10, Public and Private Partnerships, includes reports and studies on the projects of various public and private partnerships aimed at developing the local economy, mitigating social inequity, and providing social services such as child care and urban renewal to the community. The partnerships examined in this series include the Bronx Land Reclamation Program, the Citibank Flatbush Project, the Missouri Neighborhood Assistance Program, and the Navy Broadway Complex Project.","Series 11, Tourism, contains reports and proposals pertaining to the promotion and development of tourism. The materials deal with such topics as the development of historic centers for tourism, tourist impact control, the 1980 and 1981 Travel Outlook Forum proceedings, the promotion of black material culture, and the \"gritty city enhancement strategy,\" which aims to capitalize on the \"gritty\" ambience of old working-class neighborhoods and industrial centers as tourist attractions.","Series 12, Transportation, contains materials on the design and improvement of transportation infrastructure. Most of the studies cover general topics, but the series includes case studies of New York, New Orleans, Los Angeles, and the Netherlands. The topics covered include automobile restricted zones, center-city parking and parking lot design, transportation architecture, the economics of transportation restriction, traffic control design, railway and trolley transit, bicycle transportation and parking, and pedestrian relief areas.","Series 13, Urban Planning, is the largest section of the PLC collection after Series 3 (Central Business Districts). This series contains planning reports, policy statements, and congressional hearings on a wide range of urban planning and community development issues including economic development, land use, municipal tax policy, and suburban sprawl. Most of the materials deal with U.S. cities including Washington, D.C., Baltimore, Philadelphia, Madison, and Cincinatti, and such North American regions as Arizona, California, Texas, Oregon, New Jersey, Hawaii, Ontario, and British Columbia. However, it also contains studies on urban planning in China and a number of European countries including France, Italy, Spain, Poland, and the Netherlands. Within this series one will find numerous publications from the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, several studies on Court House Plaza in Arlington, a 1972 report on Fairfax County, The President's National Urban Policy Report of 1980 and 1988, Reports of the European Campaign for Urban Renaissance, meeting minutes of the Council of Europe's 5th Symposium in 1977, and a dozen case studies from the \"States and Urban Strategies\" series.","Series 14, Oversize, contains oversize books on subjects that would otherwise be included in the following series: Central Business Districts, Cultural Facilities, Open Spaces, Parks and Recreation, and Urban Planning. It contains studies and planning proposals with large color photographs on San Diego, San Francisco, Baton Rouge, Chicago, and Providence, as well as Dublin, Ireland, and the Hague."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_7c13b63556fd21d7186e1183e6c6a64d\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThis collection contains planning reports, studies, theses, dissertations, policy proposals, books, magazine articles, meeting minutes, and congressional hearings on various aspects of urban planning and community development dating mostly from the 1970s and 1980s. These materials were gathered by the Partners for Livable Communities in its effort to form a clearing house of information on urban and regional planning under the NEH-funded Architecture, Design and Planning Program.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["This collection contains planning reports, studies, theses, dissertations, policy proposals, books, magazine articles, meeting minutes, and congressional hearings on various aspects of urban planning and community development dating mostly from the 1970s and 1980s. These materials were gathered by the Partners for Livable Communities in its effort to form a clearing house of information on urban and regional planning under the NEH-funded Architecture, Design and Planning Program."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_2d17f61cfdcc13469686b4dccafea67c\"\u003eR10, C1, S6 - C2, S7 \nR11, C1, S1 \nMap Case 11.5\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["R10, C1, S6 - C2, S7 \nR11, C1, S1 \nMap Case 11.5"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Partners for Livable Communities"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. 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EAD markup completed by Eron Ackerman and Jordan Patty in April 2009.","This collection contains research materials on linguistics in the areas of generative-transformational syntax, phonolgy, reading, psycholinguistics, and sociolinguistics. It includes work by LaBov, Bach Peters, Karttunen, G. Lakoff, R. Lakoff, Chomsky, Ross, Berdan, McCawley, and many others.","The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)","This collection contains research materials on linguistics in the areas of generative-transformational syntax, phonolgy, reading, psycholinguistics, and sociolinguistics. It includes work by LaBov, Bach Peters, Karttunen, G. Lakoff, R. Lakoff, Chomsky, Ross, Berdan, McCawley, and many others.","This collection is housed at the WRLC Shared Collections Facility.","George Mason University. Libraries. 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Special Collections Research Center"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Collection donated by Stanley Legum in 1982."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Linguistics","Linguistics -- Research"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Linguistics","Linguistics -- Research"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["27 Linear Feet 18 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["27 Linear Feet 18 boxes"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged by subject.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged by subject."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eStanley Legum studied linguistics and lived in Fairfax, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Stanley Legum studied linguistics and lived in Fairfax, Virginia."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eStanley Legum experimental linguistics collection, C0125, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Stanley Legum experimental linguistics collection, C0125, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed by Special Collections Research Center staff. EAD markup completed by Eron Ackerman and Jordan Patty in April 2009.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed by Special Collections Research Center staff. EAD markup completed by Eron Ackerman and Jordan Patty in April 2009."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains research materials on linguistics in the areas of generative-transformational syntax, phonolgy, reading, psycholinguistics, and sociolinguistics. It includes work by LaBov, Bach Peters, Karttunen, G. Lakoff, R. Lakoff, Chomsky, Ross, Berdan, McCawley, and many others.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains research materials on linguistics in the areas of generative-transformational syntax, phonolgy, reading, psycholinguistics, and sociolinguistics. It includes work by LaBov, Bach Peters, Karttunen, G. Lakoff, R. Lakoff, Chomsky, Ross, Berdan, McCawley, and many others."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_a6c624080a36969a72acbd72cbd0c709\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThis collection contains research materials on linguistics in the areas of generative-transformational syntax, phonolgy, reading, psycholinguistics, and sociolinguistics. It includes work by LaBov, Bach Peters, Karttunen, G. Lakoff, R. Lakoff, Chomsky, Ross, Berdan, McCawley, and many others.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["This collection contains research materials on linguistics in the areas of generative-transformational syntax, phonolgy, reading, psycholinguistics, and sociolinguistics. It includes work by LaBov, Bach Peters, Karttunen, G. Lakoff, R. Lakoff, Chomsky, Ross, Berdan, McCawley, and many others."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_7b033d1a690ccd1795a964a0ae2c93be\"\u003eThis collection is housed at the WRLC Shared Collections Facility.\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["This collection is housed at the WRLC Shared Collections Facility."],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"persname_ssim":["Legum, Stanley E."],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. 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Lavine papers, 1932/2007","Series 2: Research, 2007"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vifgm_repositories_2_resources_185","vifgm_repositories_2_resources_185_c02"],"title_filing_ssi":"Work process and CVs","title_ssm":["Work process and CVs"],"title_tesim":["Work process and CVs"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Work process and CVs, 1964/1994"],"text":["Work process and CVs, 1964/1994","Thelma Z. Lavine papers, 1932/2007","Series 2: Research, 2007","box 32","folder 8"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Thelma Z. Lavine papers, 1932/2007","Series 2: Research, 2007"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Thelma Z. Lavine papers, 1932/2007","Series 2: Research, 2007"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1964/1994"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1964-1994"],"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"component_level_isim":[2],"sort_isi":387,"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"collection_ssim":["Thelma Z. Lavine papers, 1932/2007"],"containers_ssim":["box 32","folder 8"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["There are no access restrictions."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"date_range_isim":[1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994],"_nest_path_":"/components#1/components#323","timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:34:24.402Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_185","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_185","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_185","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_185","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_185.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Thelma Z. Lavine papers","title_ssm":["Thelma Z. Lavine papers"],"title_tesim":["Thelma Z. Lavine papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1932-2007"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1932-2007"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1932/2007"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Thelma Z. Lavine papers, 1932/2007"],"text":["Thelma Z. Lavine papers, 1932/2007","C0195","/repositories/2/resources/185","Philosophy","Philosophy -- History","Civilization, Western -- Philosophy","Women in higher education","Education, Higher","Correspondence","Sound recordings","There are no access restrictions.","This collection is organized by type of material into four series.","Series\n      Series 1: Correspondence, 1960-2005 (Boxes 1-6)\n      Series 2: Research, 1930s-2007 (Boxes 6-32)\n      Series 3: Publications, 1977-2002 (Boxes 23-33)\n      Series 4: Audio/Visual, 1969-1996 (Boxes 34-43)","Born in Boston, Massachusetts, on February 12, 1915, Thelma Z. Lavine taught philosophy for over 40 years, mostly at universities in the Washington, D.C. area. Her teaching career began after she received doctoral degrees in Psychology and Philosophy from Harvard University in 1939. Prior to that, she completed an undergraduate degree at Radcliffe College in 1936. A popular lecturer, she taught at the University of Maryland in the 1950s and 1960s, then accepted a teaching position at George Washington University. She joined the faculty at George Mason University as a Robinson Professor in 1985 and taught there until she retired in 1998.","An active and well-respected philosophy professor, Lavine served in many organizations, including as president of the Washington Philosophy Club, on the Executive Committee of the Society for Advancement of American Philosophy, and on the Ralph Waldo Emerson Committee of the United Chapters of Phi Beta Kappa.","Lavine was trained by, knew, and debated well-known philosophers including Richard Rorty, John Dewey, C.I. Lewis, Susanne Langer, Hannah Arendt, Paul Weiss, and Kurt Wolff. After she moved to Washington, DC from Boston, one of her projects was to make American Philosophy relevant to students. In addition to advocating for the controversial American branch of philosophy, Lavine produced scholarship on social philosophy, philosophy of the social sciences, American naturalism, philosophy of history, and philosophy in literature.","A widely published author, she popularized philosophy with her 30-part series \"From Socrates to Sartre: The Philosophic Quest,\" which aired first on Maryland Public Television and then nationally in the early 1980s. Her book of the same name was published in 1984 and is still in print. Lavine died at her home in Washington, D.C., on January 28, 2011.","Processed by Rachel Moran and Blyth McManus in November 2013. EAD markup completed by Blyth McManus in 2013.","The Special Collections Research Center also holds the papers of many other George Mason University professors. Lavine's work \"From Socrates to Sartre\" is available in book format at the Fenwick Library and in VHS format in the Johnson Center videotapes.","Research papers, correspondence, articles, and notes that document the career of Thelma Z. Lavine. There are also approximately 324 audiotape cassettes of lectures by Lavine as well as radio show appearances.  The collection also includes almost 2,000 books, a small portion of which will be cataloged and housed in special collections.","Series 1, Correspondence: This series contains communications regarding Lavine's professional activities, including meetings, conferences, and symposia as well as journal submissions and presentations; correspondence relating to her MPT TV series and her book \"From Socrates to Sartre: The Philosophic Quest;\" correspondence with other scholars and philosophers; and fan mail from her students, readers, and viewers. This series is organized first alphabetically by subject and then chronologically.","Series 2, Research: This series contains notes, clippings, and other papers related to Lavine's work as a scholar and professional philosopher. This series includes published articles, book reviews, newspaper articles and editorials written by her and by others; research for her MPT show; and research which culminated in her book. Ranging from small local workshops to large international meetings, the conferences for which there are research, programs, and complete presentation papers cover a range of themes including the women's movement. This series also contains materials from Lavine's work as a student, scholar, and teacher. This series is first organized by subject and then chronologically.","Series 3, Publications: This series contains original books and professional journals which contain writings from Lavine. A seventh edition English-language copy of her book is present, as well as a copy of the Japanese-language edition. This series is organized chronologically.","Series 4, Audio/Visual: This series is comprised largely of audio cassette recordings. Included are classroom lectures and radio interviews, as well as a few miscellaneous items such as a memorial speech. Complete or nearly complete lecture series include \"From Socrates to Sartre,\" \"Philosophy 19th Century,\" \"Philosophy 355,\" \"Philosophy of America,\" \"Philosophy of History,\" \"Philosophy and Literature/Philosophy of Literature,\" and \"Philosophy and Social Science/Social Philosophy.\" This series is organized first by subject and then chronologically.","The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)","Research papers, correspondence, articles, and notes that document the career of Thelma Z. Lavine, a philosophy professor who taught at George Mason University, George Washington University, and the University of Maryland. There are also approximately 324 audiotape cassettes of lectures by Lavine as well as radio show appearances.","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","George Mason University--Faculty","Lavine, T. Z.","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Thelma Z. Lavine papers, 1932/2007"],"collection_ssim":["Thelma Z. Lavine papers, 1932/2007"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0195","/repositories/2/resources/185"],"unitid_tesim":["C0195","/repositories/2/resources/185"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"creator_ssm":["Lavine, T. Z."],"creator_ssim":["Lavine, T. Z."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Lavine, T. Z."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","George Mason University--Faculty"],"creators_ssim":["Lavine, T. Z.","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","George Mason University--Faculty"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donated by Margaret V. Sachs in 2011."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Philosophy","Philosophy -- History","Civilization, Western -- Philosophy","Women in higher education","Education, Higher","Correspondence","Sound recordings"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Philosophy","Philosophy -- History","Civilization, Western -- Philosophy","Women in higher education","Education, Higher","Correspondence","Sound recordings"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["19.25 Linear Feet 43 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["19.25 Linear Feet 43 boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence","Sound recordings"],"date_range_isim":[1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is organized by type of material into four series.\u003c/p\u003e    ","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003chead\u003eSeries\u003c/head\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 1: Correspondence, 1960-2005 (Boxes 1-6)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 2: Research, 1930s-2007 (Boxes 6-32)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 3: Publications, 1977-2002 (Boxes 23-33)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 4: Audio/Visual, 1969-1996 (Boxes 34-43)\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is organized by type of material into four series.","Series\n      Series 1: Correspondence, 1960-2005 (Boxes 1-6)\n      Series 2: Research, 1930s-2007 (Boxes 6-32)\n      Series 3: Publications, 1977-2002 (Boxes 23-33)\n      Series 4: Audio/Visual, 1969-1996 (Boxes 34-43)"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBorn in Boston, Massachusetts, on February 12, 1915, Thelma Z. Lavine taught philosophy for over 40 years, mostly at universities in the Washington, D.C. area. Her teaching career began after she received doctoral degrees in Psychology and Philosophy from Harvard University in 1939. Prior to that, she completed an undergraduate degree at Radcliffe College in 1936. A popular lecturer, she taught at the University of Maryland in the 1950s and 1960s, then accepted a teaching position at George Washington University. She joined the faculty at George Mason University as a Robinson Professor in 1985 and taught there until she retired in 1998. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAn active and well-respected philosophy professor, Lavine served in many organizations, including as president of the Washington Philosophy Club, on the Executive Committee of the Society for Advancement of American Philosophy, and on the Ralph Waldo Emerson Committee of the United Chapters of Phi Beta Kappa. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLavine was trained by, knew, and debated well-known philosophers including Richard Rorty, John Dewey, C.I. Lewis, Susanne Langer, Hannah Arendt, Paul Weiss, and Kurt Wolff. After she moved to Washington, DC from Boston, one of her projects was to make American Philosophy relevant to students. In addition to advocating for the controversial American branch of philosophy, Lavine produced scholarship on social philosophy, philosophy of the social sciences, American naturalism, philosophy of history, and philosophy in literature. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA widely published author, she popularized philosophy with her 30-part series \"From Socrates to Sartre: The Philosophic Quest,\" which aired first on Maryland Public Television and then nationally in the early 1980s. Her book of the same name was published in 1984 and is still in print. Lavine died at her home in Washington, D.C., on January 28, 2011.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Born in Boston, Massachusetts, on February 12, 1915, Thelma Z. Lavine taught philosophy for over 40 years, mostly at universities in the Washington, D.C. area. Her teaching career began after she received doctoral degrees in Psychology and Philosophy from Harvard University in 1939. Prior to that, she completed an undergraduate degree at Radcliffe College in 1936. A popular lecturer, she taught at the University of Maryland in the 1950s and 1960s, then accepted a teaching position at George Washington University. She joined the faculty at George Mason University as a Robinson Professor in 1985 and taught there until she retired in 1998.","An active and well-respected philosophy professor, Lavine served in many organizations, including as president of the Washington Philosophy Club, on the Executive Committee of the Society for Advancement of American Philosophy, and on the Ralph Waldo Emerson Committee of the United Chapters of Phi Beta Kappa.","Lavine was trained by, knew, and debated well-known philosophers including Richard Rorty, John Dewey, C.I. Lewis, Susanne Langer, Hannah Arendt, Paul Weiss, and Kurt Wolff. After she moved to Washington, DC from Boston, one of her projects was to make American Philosophy relevant to students. In addition to advocating for the controversial American branch of philosophy, Lavine produced scholarship on social philosophy, philosophy of the social sciences, American naturalism, philosophy of history, and philosophy in literature.","A widely published author, she popularized philosophy with her 30-part series \"From Socrates to Sartre: The Philosophic Quest,\" which aired first on Maryland Public Television and then nationally in the early 1980s. Her book of the same name was published in 1984 and is still in print. Lavine died at her home in Washington, D.C., on January 28, 2011."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThelma Z. Lavine papers, C0195, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Thelma Z. Lavine papers, C0195, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed by Rachel Moran and Blyth McManus in November 2013. EAD markup completed by Blyth McManus in 2013.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed by Rachel Moran and Blyth McManus in November 2013. EAD markup completed by Blyth McManus in 2013."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Special Collections Research Center also holds the papers of many other George Mason University professors. Lavine's work \"From Socrates to Sartre\" is available in book format at the Fenwick Library and in VHS format in the Johnson Center videotapes.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Special Collections Research Center also holds the papers of many other George Mason University professors. Lavine's work \"From Socrates to Sartre\" is available in book format at the Fenwick Library and in VHS format in the Johnson Center videotapes."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearch papers, correspondence, articles, and notes that document the career of Thelma Z. Lavine. There are also approximately 324 audiotape cassettes of lectures by Lavine as well as radio show appearances.  The collection also includes almost 2,000 books, a small portion of which will be cataloged and housed in special collections.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1, Correspondence: This series contains communications regarding Lavine's professional activities, including meetings, conferences, and symposia as well as journal submissions and presentations; correspondence relating to her MPT TV series and her book \"From Socrates to Sartre: The Philosophic Quest;\" correspondence with other scholars and philosophers; and fan mail from her students, readers, and viewers. This series is organized first alphabetically by subject and then chronologically. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2, Research: This series contains notes, clippings, and other papers related to Lavine's work as a scholar and professional philosopher. This series includes published articles, book reviews, newspaper articles and editorials written by her and by others; research for her MPT show; and research which culminated in her book. Ranging from small local workshops to large international meetings, the conferences for which there are research, programs, and complete presentation papers cover a range of themes including the women's movement. This series also contains materials from Lavine's work as a student, scholar, and teacher. This series is first organized by subject and then chronologically. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 3, Publications: This series contains original books and professional journals which contain writings from Lavine. A seventh edition English-language copy of her book is present, as well as a copy of the Japanese-language edition. This series is organized chronologically. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 4, Audio/Visual: This series is comprised largely of audio cassette recordings. Included are classroom lectures and radio interviews, as well as a few miscellaneous items such as a memorial speech. Complete or nearly complete lecture series include \"From Socrates to Sartre,\" \"Philosophy 19th Century,\" \"Philosophy 355,\" \"Philosophy of America,\" \"Philosophy of History,\" \"Philosophy and Literature/Philosophy of Literature,\" and \"Philosophy and Social Science/Social Philosophy.\" This series is organized first by subject and then chronologically.   \u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Research papers, correspondence, articles, and notes that document the career of Thelma Z. Lavine. There are also approximately 324 audiotape cassettes of lectures by Lavine as well as radio show appearances.  The collection also includes almost 2,000 books, a small portion of which will be cataloged and housed in special collections.","Series 1, Correspondence: This series contains communications regarding Lavine's professional activities, including meetings, conferences, and symposia as well as journal submissions and presentations; correspondence relating to her MPT TV series and her book \"From Socrates to Sartre: The Philosophic Quest;\" correspondence with other scholars and philosophers; and fan mail from her students, readers, and viewers. This series is organized first alphabetically by subject and then chronologically.","Series 2, Research: This series contains notes, clippings, and other papers related to Lavine's work as a scholar and professional philosopher. This series includes published articles, book reviews, newspaper articles and editorials written by her and by others; research for her MPT show; and research which culminated in her book. Ranging from small local workshops to large international meetings, the conferences for which there are research, programs, and complete presentation papers cover a range of themes including the women's movement. This series also contains materials from Lavine's work as a student, scholar, and teacher. This series is first organized by subject and then chronologically.","Series 3, Publications: This series contains original books and professional journals which contain writings from Lavine. A seventh edition English-language copy of her book is present, as well as a copy of the Japanese-language edition. This series is organized chronologically.","Series 4, Audio/Visual: This series is comprised largely of audio cassette recordings. Included are classroom lectures and radio interviews, as well as a few miscellaneous items such as a memorial speech. Complete or nearly complete lecture series include \"From Socrates to Sartre,\" \"Philosophy 19th Century,\" \"Philosophy 355,\" \"Philosophy of America,\" \"Philosophy of History,\" \"Philosophy and Literature/Philosophy of Literature,\" and \"Philosophy and Social Science/Social Philosophy.\" This series is organized first by subject and then chronologically."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_aafd885904e4dca8d35fc5d77c82371f\"\u003eResearch papers, correspondence, articles, and notes that document the career of Thelma Z. Lavine, a philosophy professor who taught at George Mason University, George Washington University, and the University of Maryland. There are also approximately 324 audiotape cassettes of lectures by Lavine as well as radio show appearances.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["Research papers, correspondence, articles, and notes that document the career of Thelma Z. Lavine, a philosophy professor who taught at George Mason University, George Washington University, and the University of Maryland. There are also approximately 324 audiotape cassettes of lectures by Lavine as well as radio show appearances."],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","George Mason University--Faculty"],"names_coll_ssim":["George Mason University--Faculty","Lavine, T. Z."],"persname_ssim":["Lavine, T. Z."],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","George Mason University--Faculty","Lavine, T. Z."],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":713,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:34:24.402Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_185_c02_c324"}},{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_602_c02_c02_c204","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Workshops, 1968/1973","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_602_c02_c02_c204#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_602_c02_c02_c204","ref_ssm":["vifgm_repositories_2_resources_602_c02_c02_c204"],"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_602_c02_c02_c204","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_602","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_602","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_602_c02_c02","parent_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_602_c02_c02","parent_ssim":["Living Stage records, 1965/2001","Series 2: Artistic and workshop files, 1966/2001","Production reports and workshops, 1967/2001"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vifgm_repositories_2_resources_602","vifgm_repositories_2_resources_602_c02","vifgm_repositories_2_resources_602_c02_c02"],"title_filing_ssi":"Workshops","title_ssm":["Workshops"],"title_tesim":["Workshops"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Workshops, 1968/1973"],"text":["Workshops, 1968/1973","Living Stage records, 1965/2001","Series 2: Artistic and workshop files, 1966/2001","Production reports and workshops, 1967/2001","Box 77","Folder 2"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Living Stage records, 1965/2001","Series 2: Artistic and workshop files, 1966/2001","Production reports and workshops, 1967/2001"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Living Stage records, 1965/2001","Series 2: Artistic and workshop files, 1966/2001","Production reports and workshops, 1967/2001"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1968/1973"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1968-1973"],"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"component_level_isim":[3],"sort_isi":1080,"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"collection_ssim":["Living Stage records, 1965/2001"],"containers_ssim":["Box 77","Folder 2"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["There are no access restrictions on Series 1 and 2. Please see the Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements note for access information on Series 3."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"date_range_isim":[1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973],"_nest_path_":"/components#1/components#1/components#203","timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:35:06.185Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_602","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_602","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_602","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_602","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_602.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Living Stage records","title_ssm":["Living Stage records"],"title_tesim":["Living Stage records"],"unitdate_ssm":["1965-2001"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1965-2001"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1965/2001"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Living Stage records, 1965/2001"],"text":["Living Stage records, 1965/2001","C0277","/repositories/2/resources/602","Washington (D.C.)","Acting","People with mental disabilities -- Services for -- United States","Performance art -- Photographs","Public schools -- Virginia","Radicalism -- United States -- History -- 20th century","Students -- Photographs","Theater -- United States -- History -- 20th century","Theater -- Washington (D.C.)","Theater programs","Playscript","There are no access restrictions on Series 1 and 2. Please see the Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements note for access information on Series 3.","The collection is divided into three series, each of which is divided into subseries.","Series\n      Series 1: Administrative and Financial Files, 1965-2000 (Boxes 1-56)\n      Series 2: Artistic and Workshop Files, 1966-2001 (Boxes 57-85)\n      Series 3: Audiovisual and Photographic Materials, 1967-1999 (Boxes 86-106)","The Living Stage Theatre Company began in 1966 as a venture of Arena Stage and Robert Alexander. Known from 1966-1968 as The Children's Theatre, the Living Stage from the beginning dedicated itself to programming with a social consciousness and a desire to effect societal change through performance. Robert Alexander was the theatre's founder and until 1995 its director. Alexander brought an adapted street and guerilla theater style to the D.C. area after becoming disenchanted with traditional theatre's \"middle-class\" audience. The Living Stage provided training to actors in the art of improvisational theater through tuition free schooling during the summers, as well as through weekend long workshop training for social workers, teachers, and other professionals throughout their 9 month season. While most of the Stage's workshops were held on site at schools, museums, and prisons, the Living Stage did have its own formal space in Washington, D.C. on 14th and T Streets NW. The Living Stage put on productions across Northern Virginia in schools, youth homes, and even prisons like the Lorton Penitentiary. Senior members of the company, like Jennifer Nelson and Oran Sandel helped to send the Living Stage across the country as well. Their efforts were largely funded through vigorous campaigning for grants and fund raising through the National Endowment for the Arts (NEA) and other private foundations. The Living Stage also received substantial financial assistance from its parent company, the Washington Drama Society, Inc.","The Living Stage performance style consisted of \"The Jam,\" \"The Performance,\" and \"The Workshop,\" a three part study that was used at most of their venues. The first part, or \"Jam,\" consisted of actors working with their audience to \"rap,\" make music, and \"jam\" through spoken or sung words accompanied by instrumentals typically provided by audience members. The actors then moved into the \"performance\" itself. During the performance the actors put on an improvised theater production directed by a senior member of the cast and assisted by one or two audience members. The \"Workshop\" began from there; during the workshop, the audience took over the scene, while still directed by the actors, and was encouraged to make it their own. Audiences gave their opinions and thoughts on each performance in the form of production reports that were collected by the Living Stage.","The projects that the Living Stage put on typically dealt with controversial and sensitive topics like race, economic inequality, the dangers of an overzealous American foreign policy, the atom bomb, violence, and freedom. The \"Baltimore Incident\" of 1971 is an excellent example of how controversial these productions could be. No matter how mixed opinions were, the Living Stage always elicited a reaction with their improvisational performances. During the 1980s the Living Stage began to reach out extensively to local initiatives like The District's Alcohol and Drug Abuse Services Administration and created their own Community Services Project in order to continue to bring theater and creativity to underserved sections of society. The Living Stage championed New Left ideals like equality and social justice throughout the Reagan years, despite some criticisms about their message being \"anachronistic.\"","The organization began to sunset in the first half of the 1990s as many of its founding and senior members took their skills elsewhere. Robert Alexander himself left in 1995 to start educating people in the art of improvisational theater full time. Jennifer Nelson, David Matthew Proctor, Ezra Knight, and others began to filter away in the 1990s to pursue their own acting goals and the Living Stage would officially close its doors in 2002.","The Special Collections Research Center does not have the equipment necessary to watch or listen to all audiovisual material in Series 3. Additional time and money may be required to digitize this material for access.","Processing completed by Nick Welsh and Elizabeth Beckman in 2016. EAD markup completed by Nick Welsh in June 2016. Finding aid updated by Amanda Menjivar in March 2025.","The Special Collections Research Center holds several collections of personal papers of individuals involved with the Living Stage Theater Company, including the Zelda Fichandler papers, the Thomas C. Fichandler papers, and the Ken Kitch papers. It also holds the Arena Stage records.","The Living Stage records consists of material spanning the length of the organization's history from 1965, when the Living Stage was known as the Children's Theatre, to 2001. Included in the records are administrative files, financial papers, grant requests and applications, correspondence, workshop reports and scripts, as well as audiovisual and photographic materials.","Series 1: Administrative and Financial Files (1965-2000) includes documents relating to the day to day running of the Living Stage Theatre Company as well as programming, project planning, financials, budgets, grants, press releases and printed documents. It is divided further into 4 subseries. Subseries 1.1 Policies, Planning, and Development includes the administrative files of the Living Stage including season summaries by date, long range plans, meeting minutes, and Community Service Project information. Subseries 1.2 Grants and Foundations contains all materials related to grant requests, endowments (including the National Endowment for the Arts), and donations made by both large charitable organizations and private donors. Subseries 1.3 Financials and Correspondence includes budget materials, expense reports, and benefit information, as well as correspondence between members of the LSTC, memos, and fan mail (called \"love letters\") from schools and other workshop sites. Subseries 1.4 Public Relations and Printed Pieces consist of various publications made by the Living Stage such as their newsletters and advertisements, as well as transcripts of speeches made by LSTC executives and press releases promoting the Living Stage.","Series 2: Artistic and Workshop Files (1966-2001), which is split into 3 subseries, contains the creative aspects of the Living Stage, including details about residencies and the personnel of the Company, as well as workshop reports, scripts, and \"Jams.\" Subseries 2.1 Residency and Personnel Files contains all documents related to the people of the Living Stage, including casting information and details about out of state residencies (including those in Stockholm, Boston, Pittsburgh, New York and others). Subseries 2.2 Production Reports and Workshops encompasses the output of the Living Stage Theatre Company in the form of workshops, which are series of performances put on at schools, museums, and communities, and the production reports which sought to analyze audience reception of and reaction to these performances. Look to the \"Baltimore Incident\" for an excellent example of how contentious and revolutionary the Living Stage's performances were. Subseries 2.3 Production Files and Scripts, while small, contains items related to the Living Stage's \"Jams\" including scripts, research, and other assorted play files.","Series 3: Audiovisual and Photographic Materials (1967-1999) includes all photos, negatives, and film of the Living Stage or their productions. It is divided into three subseries. Subseries 3.1 Photographic Materials includes various photos and negatives showing the cast of the Living Stage at various times, as well as production stills. Unfortunately, the majority of these are undated or have little in the way of description. Subseries 3.2 Audio and film reels includes tapings of various workshops and productions mostly from the 1970s and 1980s. Subseries 3.3 Audio and video tapes contains cassette, VHS, Betamax, and U-matic tapes either used by the Living Stage for performances or made by/about the Living Stage.","The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)","The Living Stage records documents the Living Stage Theatre Company, founded by Robert Alexander as an offshoot of Arena Stage in Washington, D.C. The records were created from 1965-2001.","R 52, C 6, S 3 - R 53, C 2, S 6\n\nMap Case 8.2","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Living Stage records, 1965/2001"],"collection_ssim":["Living Stage records, 1965/2001"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0277","/repositories/2/resources/602"],"unitid_tesim":["C0277","/repositories/2/resources/602"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"geogname_ssm":["Washington (D.C.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Washington (D.C.)"],"places_ssim":["Washington (D.C.)"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"creators_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donated by Arena Stage in 2000."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Acting","People with mental disabilities -- Services for -- United States","Performance art -- Photographs","Public schools -- Virginia","Radicalism -- United States -- History -- 20th century","Students -- Photographs","Theater -- United States -- History -- 20th century","Theater -- Washington (D.C.)","Theater programs","Playscript"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Acting","People with mental disabilities -- Services for -- United States","Performance art -- Photographs","Public schools -- Virginia","Radicalism -- United States -- History -- 20th century","Students -- Photographs","Theater -- United States -- History -- 20th century","Theater -- Washington (D.C.)","Theater programs","Playscript"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["48.0 Linear Feet 106 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["48.0 Linear Feet 106 boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["Playscript"],"date_range_isim":[1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions on Series 1 and 2. Please see the Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements note for access information on Series 3.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions on Series 1 and 2. Please see the Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements note for access information on Series 3."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is divided into three series, each of which is divided into subseries.\u003c/p\u003e    ","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003chead\u003eSeries\u003c/head\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 1: Administrative and Financial Files, 1965-2000 (Boxes 1-56)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 2: Artistic and Workshop Files, 1966-2001 (Boxes 57-85)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 3: Audiovisual and Photographic Materials, 1967-1999 (Boxes 86-106)\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is divided into three series, each of which is divided into subseries.","Series\n      Series 1: Administrative and Financial Files, 1965-2000 (Boxes 1-56)\n      Series 2: Artistic and Workshop Files, 1966-2001 (Boxes 57-85)\n      Series 3: Audiovisual and Photographic Materials, 1967-1999 (Boxes 86-106)"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Living Stage Theatre Company began in 1966 as a venture of Arena Stage and Robert Alexander. Known from 1966-1968 as The Children's Theatre, the Living Stage from the beginning dedicated itself to programming with a social consciousness and a desire to effect societal change through performance. Robert Alexander was the theatre's founder and until 1995 its director. Alexander brought an adapted street and guerilla theater style to the D.C. area after becoming disenchanted with traditional theatre's \"middle-class\" audience. The Living Stage provided training to actors in the art of improvisational theater through tuition free schooling during the summers, as well as through weekend long workshop training for social workers, teachers, and other professionals throughout their 9 month season. While most of the Stage's workshops were held on site at schools, museums, and prisons, the Living Stage did have its own formal space in Washington, D.C. on 14th and T Streets NW. The Living Stage put on productions across Northern Virginia in schools, youth homes, and even prisons like the Lorton Penitentiary. Senior members of the company, like Jennifer Nelson and Oran Sandel helped to send the Living Stage across the country as well. Their efforts were largely funded through vigorous campaigning for grants and fund raising through the National Endowment for the Arts (NEA) and other private foundations. The Living Stage also received substantial financial assistance from its parent company, the Washington Drama Society, Inc. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Living Stage performance style consisted of \"The Jam,\" \"The Performance,\" and \"The Workshop,\" a three part study that was used at most of their venues. The first part, or \"Jam,\" consisted of actors working with their audience to \"rap,\" make music, and \"jam\" through spoken or sung words accompanied by instrumentals typically provided by audience members. The actors then moved into the \"performance\" itself. During the performance the actors put on an improvised theater production directed by a senior member of the cast and assisted by one or two audience members. The \"Workshop\" began from there; during the workshop, the audience took over the scene, while still directed by the actors, and was encouraged to make it their own. Audiences gave their opinions and thoughts on each performance in the form of production reports that were collected by the Living Stage. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe projects that the Living Stage put on typically dealt with controversial and sensitive topics like race, economic inequality, the dangers of an overzealous American foreign policy, the atom bomb, violence, and freedom. The \"Baltimore Incident\" of 1971 is an excellent example of how controversial these productions could be. No matter how mixed opinions were, the Living Stage always elicited a reaction with their improvisational performances. During the 1980s the Living Stage began to reach out extensively to local initiatives like The District's Alcohol and Drug Abuse Services Administration and created their own Community Services Project in order to continue to bring theater and creativity to underserved sections of society. The Living Stage championed New Left ideals like equality and social justice throughout the Reagan years, despite some criticisms about their message being \"anachronistic.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe organization began to sunset in the first half of the 1990s as many of its founding and senior members took their skills elsewhere. Robert Alexander himself left in 1995 to start educating people in the art of improvisational theater full time. Jennifer Nelson, David Matthew Proctor, Ezra Knight, and others began to filter away in the 1990s to pursue their own acting goals and the Living Stage would officially close its doors in 2002.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Living Stage Theatre Company began in 1966 as a venture of Arena Stage and Robert Alexander. Known from 1966-1968 as The Children's Theatre, the Living Stage from the beginning dedicated itself to programming with a social consciousness and a desire to effect societal change through performance. Robert Alexander was the theatre's founder and until 1995 its director. Alexander brought an adapted street and guerilla theater style to the D.C. area after becoming disenchanted with traditional theatre's \"middle-class\" audience. The Living Stage provided training to actors in the art of improvisational theater through tuition free schooling during the summers, as well as through weekend long workshop training for social workers, teachers, and other professionals throughout their 9 month season. While most of the Stage's workshops were held on site at schools, museums, and prisons, the Living Stage did have its own formal space in Washington, D.C. on 14th and T Streets NW. The Living Stage put on productions across Northern Virginia in schools, youth homes, and even prisons like the Lorton Penitentiary. Senior members of the company, like Jennifer Nelson and Oran Sandel helped to send the Living Stage across the country as well. Their efforts were largely funded through vigorous campaigning for grants and fund raising through the National Endowment for the Arts (NEA) and other private foundations. The Living Stage also received substantial financial assistance from its parent company, the Washington Drama Society, Inc.","The Living Stage performance style consisted of \"The Jam,\" \"The Performance,\" and \"The Workshop,\" a three part study that was used at most of their venues. The first part, or \"Jam,\" consisted of actors working with their audience to \"rap,\" make music, and \"jam\" through spoken or sung words accompanied by instrumentals typically provided by audience members. The actors then moved into the \"performance\" itself. During the performance the actors put on an improvised theater production directed by a senior member of the cast and assisted by one or two audience members. The \"Workshop\" began from there; during the workshop, the audience took over the scene, while still directed by the actors, and was encouraged to make it their own. Audiences gave their opinions and thoughts on each performance in the form of production reports that were collected by the Living Stage.","The projects that the Living Stage put on typically dealt with controversial and sensitive topics like race, economic inequality, the dangers of an overzealous American foreign policy, the atom bomb, violence, and freedom. The \"Baltimore Incident\" of 1971 is an excellent example of how controversial these productions could be. No matter how mixed opinions were, the Living Stage always elicited a reaction with their improvisational performances. During the 1980s the Living Stage began to reach out extensively to local initiatives like The District's Alcohol and Drug Abuse Services Administration and created their own Community Services Project in order to continue to bring theater and creativity to underserved sections of society. The Living Stage championed New Left ideals like equality and social justice throughout the Reagan years, despite some criticisms about their message being \"anachronistic.\"","The organization began to sunset in the first half of the 1990s as many of its founding and senior members took their skills elsewhere. Robert Alexander himself left in 1995 to start educating people in the art of improvisational theater full time. Jennifer Nelson, David Matthew Proctor, Ezra Knight, and others began to filter away in the 1990s to pursue their own acting goals and the Living Stage would officially close its doors in 2002."],"phystech_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Special Collections Research Center does not have the equipment necessary to watch or listen to all audiovisual material in Series 3. Additional time and money may be required to digitize this material for access.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"phystech_heading_ssm":["Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements"],"phystech_tesim":["The Special Collections Research Center does not have the equipment necessary to watch or listen to all audiovisual material in Series 3. Additional time and money may be required to digitize this material for access."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLiving Stage records, C0277, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Living Stage records, C0277, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessing completed by Nick Welsh and Elizabeth Beckman in 2016. EAD markup completed by Nick Welsh in June 2016. Finding aid updated by Amanda Menjivar in March 2025.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processing completed by Nick Welsh and Elizabeth Beckman in 2016. EAD markup completed by Nick Welsh in June 2016. Finding aid updated by Amanda Menjivar in March 2025."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Special Collections Research Center holds several collections of personal papers of individuals involved with the Living Stage Theater Company, including the Zelda Fichandler papers, the Thomas C. Fichandler papers, and the Ken Kitch papers. It also holds the Arena Stage records.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Special Collections Research Center holds several collections of personal papers of individuals involved with the Living Stage Theater Company, including the Zelda Fichandler papers, the Thomas C. Fichandler papers, and the Ken Kitch papers. It also holds the Arena Stage records."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Living Stage records consists of material spanning the length of the organization's history from 1965, when the Living Stage was known as the Children's Theatre, to 2001. Included in the records are administrative files, financial papers, grant requests and applications, correspondence, workshop reports and scripts, as well as audiovisual and photographic materials.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1: Administrative and Financial Files (1965-2000) includes documents relating to the day to day running of the Living Stage Theatre Company as well as programming, project planning, financials, budgets, grants, press releases and printed documents. It is divided further into 4 subseries. Subseries 1.1 Policies, Planning, and Development includes the administrative files of the Living Stage including season summaries by date, long range plans, meeting minutes, and Community Service Project information. Subseries 1.2 Grants and Foundations contains all materials related to grant requests, endowments (including the National Endowment for the Arts), and donations made by both large charitable organizations and private donors. Subseries 1.3 Financials and Correspondence includes budget materials, expense reports, and benefit information, as well as correspondence between members of the LSTC, memos, and fan mail (called \"love letters\") from schools and other workshop sites. Subseries 1.4 Public Relations and Printed Pieces consist of various publications made by the Living Stage such as their newsletters and advertisements, as well as transcripts of speeches made by LSTC executives and press releases promoting the Living Stage.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2: Artistic and Workshop Files (1966-2001), which is split into 3 subseries, contains the creative aspects of the Living Stage, including details about residencies and the personnel of the Company, as well as workshop reports, scripts, and \"Jams.\" Subseries 2.1 Residency and Personnel Files contains all documents related to the people of the Living Stage, including casting information and details about out of state residencies (including those in Stockholm, Boston, Pittsburgh, New York and others). Subseries 2.2 Production Reports and Workshops encompasses the output of the Living Stage Theatre Company in the form of workshops, which are series of performances put on at schools, museums, and communities, and the production reports which sought to analyze audience reception of and reaction to these performances. Look to the \"Baltimore Incident\" for an excellent example of how contentious and revolutionary the Living Stage's performances were. Subseries 2.3 Production Files and Scripts, while small, contains items related to the Living Stage's \"Jams\" including scripts, research, and other assorted play files. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 3: Audiovisual and Photographic Materials (1967-1999) includes all photos, negatives, and film of the Living Stage or their productions. It is divided into three subseries. Subseries 3.1 Photographic Materials includes various photos and negatives showing the cast of the Living Stage at various times, as well as production stills. Unfortunately, the majority of these are undated or have little in the way of description. Subseries 3.2 Audio and film reels includes tapings of various workshops and productions mostly from the 1970s and 1980s. Subseries 3.3 Audio and video tapes contains cassette, VHS, Betamax, and U-matic tapes either used by the Living Stage for performances or made by/about the Living Stage.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Living Stage records consists of material spanning the length of the organization's history from 1965, when the Living Stage was known as the Children's Theatre, to 2001. Included in the records are administrative files, financial papers, grant requests and applications, correspondence, workshop reports and scripts, as well as audiovisual and photographic materials.","Series 1: Administrative and Financial Files (1965-2000) includes documents relating to the day to day running of the Living Stage Theatre Company as well as programming, project planning, financials, budgets, grants, press releases and printed documents. It is divided further into 4 subseries. Subseries 1.1 Policies, Planning, and Development includes the administrative files of the Living Stage including season summaries by date, long range plans, meeting minutes, and Community Service Project information. Subseries 1.2 Grants and Foundations contains all materials related to grant requests, endowments (including the National Endowment for the Arts), and donations made by both large charitable organizations and private donors. Subseries 1.3 Financials and Correspondence includes budget materials, expense reports, and benefit information, as well as correspondence between members of the LSTC, memos, and fan mail (called \"love letters\") from schools and other workshop sites. Subseries 1.4 Public Relations and Printed Pieces consist of various publications made by the Living Stage such as their newsletters and advertisements, as well as transcripts of speeches made by LSTC executives and press releases promoting the Living Stage.","Series 2: Artistic and Workshop Files (1966-2001), which is split into 3 subseries, contains the creative aspects of the Living Stage, including details about residencies and the personnel of the Company, as well as workshop reports, scripts, and \"Jams.\" Subseries 2.1 Residency and Personnel Files contains all documents related to the people of the Living Stage, including casting information and details about out of state residencies (including those in Stockholm, Boston, Pittsburgh, New York and others). Subseries 2.2 Production Reports and Workshops encompasses the output of the Living Stage Theatre Company in the form of workshops, which are series of performances put on at schools, museums, and communities, and the production reports which sought to analyze audience reception of and reaction to these performances. Look to the \"Baltimore Incident\" for an excellent example of how contentious and revolutionary the Living Stage's performances were. Subseries 2.3 Production Files and Scripts, while small, contains items related to the Living Stage's \"Jams\" including scripts, research, and other assorted play files.","Series 3: Audiovisual and Photographic Materials (1967-1999) includes all photos, negatives, and film of the Living Stage or their productions. It is divided into three subseries. Subseries 3.1 Photographic Materials includes various photos and negatives showing the cast of the Living Stage at various times, as well as production stills. Unfortunately, the majority of these are undated or have little in the way of description. Subseries 3.2 Audio and film reels includes tapings of various workshops and productions mostly from the 1970s and 1980s. Subseries 3.3 Audio and video tapes contains cassette, VHS, Betamax, and U-matic tapes either used by the Living Stage for performances or made by/about the Living Stage."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_ref348\"\u003eThe Living Stage records documents the Living Stage Theatre Company, founded by Robert Alexander as an offshoot of Arena Stage in Washington, D.C. The records were created from 1965-2001.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The Living Stage records documents the Living Stage Theatre Company, founded by Robert Alexander as an offshoot of Arena Stage in Washington, D.C. The records were created from 1965-2001."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_e176c0c8972614dd614b2ea45cfacaaf\"\u003eR 52, C 6, S 3 - R 53, C 2, S 6\n\nMap Case 8.2\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["R 52, C 6, S 3 - R 53, C 2, S 6\n\nMap Case 8.2"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1502,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:35:06.185Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_602_c02_c02_c204"}},{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_602_c02_c02_c208","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Workshops, 1970/1972","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_602_c02_c02_c208#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_602_c02_c02_c208","ref_ssm":["vifgm_repositories_2_resources_602_c02_c02_c208"],"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_602_c02_c02_c208","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_602","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_602","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_602_c02_c02","parent_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_602_c02_c02","parent_ssim":["Living Stage records, 1965/2001","Series 2: Artistic and workshop files, 1966/2001","Production reports and workshops, 1967/2001"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vifgm_repositories_2_resources_602","vifgm_repositories_2_resources_602_c02","vifgm_repositories_2_resources_602_c02_c02"],"title_filing_ssi":"Workshops","title_ssm":["Workshops"],"title_tesim":["Workshops"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Workshops, 1970/1972"],"text":["Workshops, 1970/1972","Living Stage records, 1965/2001","Series 2: Artistic and workshop files, 1966/2001","Production reports and workshops, 1967/2001","Box 78","Folder 1"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Living Stage records, 1965/2001","Series 2: Artistic and workshop files, 1966/2001","Production reports and workshops, 1967/2001"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Living Stage records, 1965/2001","Series 2: Artistic and workshop files, 1966/2001","Production reports and workshops, 1967/2001"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1970/1972"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1970-1972"],"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"component_level_isim":[3],"sort_isi":1084,"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"collection_ssim":["Living Stage records, 1965/2001"],"containers_ssim":["Box 78","Folder 1"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["There are no access restrictions on Series 1 and 2. Please see the Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements note for access information on Series 3."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"date_range_isim":[1970,1971,1972],"_nest_path_":"/components#1/components#1/components#207","timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:35:06.185Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_602","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_602","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_602","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_602","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_602.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Living Stage records","title_ssm":["Living Stage records"],"title_tesim":["Living Stage records"],"unitdate_ssm":["1965-2001"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1965-2001"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1965/2001"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Living Stage records, 1965/2001"],"text":["Living Stage records, 1965/2001","C0277","/repositories/2/resources/602","Washington (D.C.)","Acting","People with mental disabilities -- Services for -- United States","Performance art -- Photographs","Public schools -- Virginia","Radicalism -- United States -- History -- 20th century","Students -- Photographs","Theater -- United States -- History -- 20th century","Theater -- Washington (D.C.)","Theater programs","Playscript","There are no access restrictions on Series 1 and 2. Please see the Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements note for access information on Series 3.","The collection is divided into three series, each of which is divided into subseries.","Series\n      Series 1: Administrative and Financial Files, 1965-2000 (Boxes 1-56)\n      Series 2: Artistic and Workshop Files, 1966-2001 (Boxes 57-85)\n      Series 3: Audiovisual and Photographic Materials, 1967-1999 (Boxes 86-106)","The Living Stage Theatre Company began in 1966 as a venture of Arena Stage and Robert Alexander. Known from 1966-1968 as The Children's Theatre, the Living Stage from the beginning dedicated itself to programming with a social consciousness and a desire to effect societal change through performance. Robert Alexander was the theatre's founder and until 1995 its director. Alexander brought an adapted street and guerilla theater style to the D.C. area after becoming disenchanted with traditional theatre's \"middle-class\" audience. The Living Stage provided training to actors in the art of improvisational theater through tuition free schooling during the summers, as well as through weekend long workshop training for social workers, teachers, and other professionals throughout their 9 month season. While most of the Stage's workshops were held on site at schools, museums, and prisons, the Living Stage did have its own formal space in Washington, D.C. on 14th and T Streets NW. The Living Stage put on productions across Northern Virginia in schools, youth homes, and even prisons like the Lorton Penitentiary. Senior members of the company, like Jennifer Nelson and Oran Sandel helped to send the Living Stage across the country as well. Their efforts were largely funded through vigorous campaigning for grants and fund raising through the National Endowment for the Arts (NEA) and other private foundations. The Living Stage also received substantial financial assistance from its parent company, the Washington Drama Society, Inc.","The Living Stage performance style consisted of \"The Jam,\" \"The Performance,\" and \"The Workshop,\" a three part study that was used at most of their venues. The first part, or \"Jam,\" consisted of actors working with their audience to \"rap,\" make music, and \"jam\" through spoken or sung words accompanied by instrumentals typically provided by audience members. The actors then moved into the \"performance\" itself. During the performance the actors put on an improvised theater production directed by a senior member of the cast and assisted by one or two audience members. The \"Workshop\" began from there; during the workshop, the audience took over the scene, while still directed by the actors, and was encouraged to make it their own. Audiences gave their opinions and thoughts on each performance in the form of production reports that were collected by the Living Stage.","The projects that the Living Stage put on typically dealt with controversial and sensitive topics like race, economic inequality, the dangers of an overzealous American foreign policy, the atom bomb, violence, and freedom. The \"Baltimore Incident\" of 1971 is an excellent example of how controversial these productions could be. No matter how mixed opinions were, the Living Stage always elicited a reaction with their improvisational performances. During the 1980s the Living Stage began to reach out extensively to local initiatives like The District's Alcohol and Drug Abuse Services Administration and created their own Community Services Project in order to continue to bring theater and creativity to underserved sections of society. The Living Stage championed New Left ideals like equality and social justice throughout the Reagan years, despite some criticisms about their message being \"anachronistic.\"","The organization began to sunset in the first half of the 1990s as many of its founding and senior members took their skills elsewhere. Robert Alexander himself left in 1995 to start educating people in the art of improvisational theater full time. Jennifer Nelson, David Matthew Proctor, Ezra Knight, and others began to filter away in the 1990s to pursue their own acting goals and the Living Stage would officially close its doors in 2002.","The Special Collections Research Center does not have the equipment necessary to watch or listen to all audiovisual material in Series 3. Additional time and money may be required to digitize this material for access.","Processing completed by Nick Welsh and Elizabeth Beckman in 2016. EAD markup completed by Nick Welsh in June 2016. Finding aid updated by Amanda Menjivar in March 2025.","The Special Collections Research Center holds several collections of personal papers of individuals involved with the Living Stage Theater Company, including the Zelda Fichandler papers, the Thomas C. Fichandler papers, and the Ken Kitch papers. It also holds the Arena Stage records.","The Living Stage records consists of material spanning the length of the organization's history from 1965, when the Living Stage was known as the Children's Theatre, to 2001. Included in the records are administrative files, financial papers, grant requests and applications, correspondence, workshop reports and scripts, as well as audiovisual and photographic materials.","Series 1: Administrative and Financial Files (1965-2000) includes documents relating to the day to day running of the Living Stage Theatre Company as well as programming, project planning, financials, budgets, grants, press releases and printed documents. It is divided further into 4 subseries. Subseries 1.1 Policies, Planning, and Development includes the administrative files of the Living Stage including season summaries by date, long range plans, meeting minutes, and Community Service Project information. Subseries 1.2 Grants and Foundations contains all materials related to grant requests, endowments (including the National Endowment for the Arts), and donations made by both large charitable organizations and private donors. Subseries 1.3 Financials and Correspondence includes budget materials, expense reports, and benefit information, as well as correspondence between members of the LSTC, memos, and fan mail (called \"love letters\") from schools and other workshop sites. Subseries 1.4 Public Relations and Printed Pieces consist of various publications made by the Living Stage such as their newsletters and advertisements, as well as transcripts of speeches made by LSTC executives and press releases promoting the Living Stage.","Series 2: Artistic and Workshop Files (1966-2001), which is split into 3 subseries, contains the creative aspects of the Living Stage, including details about residencies and the personnel of the Company, as well as workshop reports, scripts, and \"Jams.\" Subseries 2.1 Residency and Personnel Files contains all documents related to the people of the Living Stage, including casting information and details about out of state residencies (including those in Stockholm, Boston, Pittsburgh, New York and others). Subseries 2.2 Production Reports and Workshops encompasses the output of the Living Stage Theatre Company in the form of workshops, which are series of performances put on at schools, museums, and communities, and the production reports which sought to analyze audience reception of and reaction to these performances. Look to the \"Baltimore Incident\" for an excellent example of how contentious and revolutionary the Living Stage's performances were. Subseries 2.3 Production Files and Scripts, while small, contains items related to the Living Stage's \"Jams\" including scripts, research, and other assorted play files.","Series 3: Audiovisual and Photographic Materials (1967-1999) includes all photos, negatives, and film of the Living Stage or their productions. It is divided into three subseries. Subseries 3.1 Photographic Materials includes various photos and negatives showing the cast of the Living Stage at various times, as well as production stills. Unfortunately, the majority of these are undated or have little in the way of description. Subseries 3.2 Audio and film reels includes tapings of various workshops and productions mostly from the 1970s and 1980s. Subseries 3.3 Audio and video tapes contains cassette, VHS, Betamax, and U-matic tapes either used by the Living Stage for performances or made by/about the Living Stage.","The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)","The Living Stage records documents the Living Stage Theatre Company, founded by Robert Alexander as an offshoot of Arena Stage in Washington, D.C. The records were created from 1965-2001.","R 52, C 6, S 3 - R 53, C 2, S 6\n\nMap Case 8.2","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Living Stage records, 1965/2001"],"collection_ssim":["Living Stage records, 1965/2001"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0277","/repositories/2/resources/602"],"unitid_tesim":["C0277","/repositories/2/resources/602"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"geogname_ssm":["Washington (D.C.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Washington (D.C.)"],"places_ssim":["Washington (D.C.)"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"creators_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donated by Arena Stage in 2000."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Acting","People with mental disabilities -- Services for -- United States","Performance art -- Photographs","Public schools -- Virginia","Radicalism -- United States -- History -- 20th century","Students -- Photographs","Theater -- United States -- History -- 20th century","Theater -- Washington (D.C.)","Theater programs","Playscript"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Acting","People with mental disabilities -- Services for -- United States","Performance art -- Photographs","Public schools -- Virginia","Radicalism -- United States -- History -- 20th century","Students -- Photographs","Theater -- United States -- History -- 20th century","Theater -- Washington (D.C.)","Theater programs","Playscript"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["48.0 Linear Feet 106 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["48.0 Linear Feet 106 boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["Playscript"],"date_range_isim":[1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions on Series 1 and 2. Please see the Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements note for access information on Series 3.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions on Series 1 and 2. Please see the Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements note for access information on Series 3."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is divided into three series, each of which is divided into subseries.\u003c/p\u003e    ","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003chead\u003eSeries\u003c/head\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 1: Administrative and Financial Files, 1965-2000 (Boxes 1-56)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 2: Artistic and Workshop Files, 1966-2001 (Boxes 57-85)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 3: Audiovisual and Photographic Materials, 1967-1999 (Boxes 86-106)\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is divided into three series, each of which is divided into subseries.","Series\n      Series 1: Administrative and Financial Files, 1965-2000 (Boxes 1-56)\n      Series 2: Artistic and Workshop Files, 1966-2001 (Boxes 57-85)\n      Series 3: Audiovisual and Photographic Materials, 1967-1999 (Boxes 86-106)"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Living Stage Theatre Company began in 1966 as a venture of Arena Stage and Robert Alexander. Known from 1966-1968 as The Children's Theatre, the Living Stage from the beginning dedicated itself to programming with a social consciousness and a desire to effect societal change through performance. Robert Alexander was the theatre's founder and until 1995 its director. Alexander brought an adapted street and guerilla theater style to the D.C. area after becoming disenchanted with traditional theatre's \"middle-class\" audience. The Living Stage provided training to actors in the art of improvisational theater through tuition free schooling during the summers, as well as through weekend long workshop training for social workers, teachers, and other professionals throughout their 9 month season. While most of the Stage's workshops were held on site at schools, museums, and prisons, the Living Stage did have its own formal space in Washington, D.C. on 14th and T Streets NW. The Living Stage put on productions across Northern Virginia in schools, youth homes, and even prisons like the Lorton Penitentiary. Senior members of the company, like Jennifer Nelson and Oran Sandel helped to send the Living Stage across the country as well. Their efforts were largely funded through vigorous campaigning for grants and fund raising through the National Endowment for the Arts (NEA) and other private foundations. The Living Stage also received substantial financial assistance from its parent company, the Washington Drama Society, Inc. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Living Stage performance style consisted of \"The Jam,\" \"The Performance,\" and \"The Workshop,\" a three part study that was used at most of their venues. The first part, or \"Jam,\" consisted of actors working with their audience to \"rap,\" make music, and \"jam\" through spoken or sung words accompanied by instrumentals typically provided by audience members. The actors then moved into the \"performance\" itself. During the performance the actors put on an improvised theater production directed by a senior member of the cast and assisted by one or two audience members. The \"Workshop\" began from there; during the workshop, the audience took over the scene, while still directed by the actors, and was encouraged to make it their own. Audiences gave their opinions and thoughts on each performance in the form of production reports that were collected by the Living Stage. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe projects that the Living Stage put on typically dealt with controversial and sensitive topics like race, economic inequality, the dangers of an overzealous American foreign policy, the atom bomb, violence, and freedom. The \"Baltimore Incident\" of 1971 is an excellent example of how controversial these productions could be. No matter how mixed opinions were, the Living Stage always elicited a reaction with their improvisational performances. During the 1980s the Living Stage began to reach out extensively to local initiatives like The District's Alcohol and Drug Abuse Services Administration and created their own Community Services Project in order to continue to bring theater and creativity to underserved sections of society. The Living Stage championed New Left ideals like equality and social justice throughout the Reagan years, despite some criticisms about their message being \"anachronistic.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe organization began to sunset in the first half of the 1990s as many of its founding and senior members took their skills elsewhere. Robert Alexander himself left in 1995 to start educating people in the art of improvisational theater full time. Jennifer Nelson, David Matthew Proctor, Ezra Knight, and others began to filter away in the 1990s to pursue their own acting goals and the Living Stage would officially close its doors in 2002.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Living Stage Theatre Company began in 1966 as a venture of Arena Stage and Robert Alexander. Known from 1966-1968 as The Children's Theatre, the Living Stage from the beginning dedicated itself to programming with a social consciousness and a desire to effect societal change through performance. Robert Alexander was the theatre's founder and until 1995 its director. Alexander brought an adapted street and guerilla theater style to the D.C. area after becoming disenchanted with traditional theatre's \"middle-class\" audience. The Living Stage provided training to actors in the art of improvisational theater through tuition free schooling during the summers, as well as through weekend long workshop training for social workers, teachers, and other professionals throughout their 9 month season. While most of the Stage's workshops were held on site at schools, museums, and prisons, the Living Stage did have its own formal space in Washington, D.C. on 14th and T Streets NW. The Living Stage put on productions across Northern Virginia in schools, youth homes, and even prisons like the Lorton Penitentiary. Senior members of the company, like Jennifer Nelson and Oran Sandel helped to send the Living Stage across the country as well. Their efforts were largely funded through vigorous campaigning for grants and fund raising through the National Endowment for the Arts (NEA) and other private foundations. The Living Stage also received substantial financial assistance from its parent company, the Washington Drama Society, Inc.","The Living Stage performance style consisted of \"The Jam,\" \"The Performance,\" and \"The Workshop,\" a three part study that was used at most of their venues. The first part, or \"Jam,\" consisted of actors working with their audience to \"rap,\" make music, and \"jam\" through spoken or sung words accompanied by instrumentals typically provided by audience members. The actors then moved into the \"performance\" itself. During the performance the actors put on an improvised theater production directed by a senior member of the cast and assisted by one or two audience members. The \"Workshop\" began from there; during the workshop, the audience took over the scene, while still directed by the actors, and was encouraged to make it their own. Audiences gave their opinions and thoughts on each performance in the form of production reports that were collected by the Living Stage.","The projects that the Living Stage put on typically dealt with controversial and sensitive topics like race, economic inequality, the dangers of an overzealous American foreign policy, the atom bomb, violence, and freedom. The \"Baltimore Incident\" of 1971 is an excellent example of how controversial these productions could be. No matter how mixed opinions were, the Living Stage always elicited a reaction with their improvisational performances. During the 1980s the Living Stage began to reach out extensively to local initiatives like The District's Alcohol and Drug Abuse Services Administration and created their own Community Services Project in order to continue to bring theater and creativity to underserved sections of society. The Living Stage championed New Left ideals like equality and social justice throughout the Reagan years, despite some criticisms about their message being \"anachronistic.\"","The organization began to sunset in the first half of the 1990s as many of its founding and senior members took their skills elsewhere. Robert Alexander himself left in 1995 to start educating people in the art of improvisational theater full time. Jennifer Nelson, David Matthew Proctor, Ezra Knight, and others began to filter away in the 1990s to pursue their own acting goals and the Living Stage would officially close its doors in 2002."],"phystech_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Special Collections Research Center does not have the equipment necessary to watch or listen to all audiovisual material in Series 3. Additional time and money may be required to digitize this material for access.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"phystech_heading_ssm":["Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements"],"phystech_tesim":["The Special Collections Research Center does not have the equipment necessary to watch or listen to all audiovisual material in Series 3. Additional time and money may be required to digitize this material for access."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLiving Stage records, C0277, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Living Stage records, C0277, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessing completed by Nick Welsh and Elizabeth Beckman in 2016. EAD markup completed by Nick Welsh in June 2016. Finding aid updated by Amanda Menjivar in March 2025.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processing completed by Nick Welsh and Elizabeth Beckman in 2016. EAD markup completed by Nick Welsh in June 2016. Finding aid updated by Amanda Menjivar in March 2025."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Special Collections Research Center holds several collections of personal papers of individuals involved with the Living Stage Theater Company, including the Zelda Fichandler papers, the Thomas C. Fichandler papers, and the Ken Kitch papers. It also holds the Arena Stage records.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Special Collections Research Center holds several collections of personal papers of individuals involved with the Living Stage Theater Company, including the Zelda Fichandler papers, the Thomas C. Fichandler papers, and the Ken Kitch papers. It also holds the Arena Stage records."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Living Stage records consists of material spanning the length of the organization's history from 1965, when the Living Stage was known as the Children's Theatre, to 2001. Included in the records are administrative files, financial papers, grant requests and applications, correspondence, workshop reports and scripts, as well as audiovisual and photographic materials.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1: Administrative and Financial Files (1965-2000) includes documents relating to the day to day running of the Living Stage Theatre Company as well as programming, project planning, financials, budgets, grants, press releases and printed documents. It is divided further into 4 subseries. Subseries 1.1 Policies, Planning, and Development includes the administrative files of the Living Stage including season summaries by date, long range plans, meeting minutes, and Community Service Project information. Subseries 1.2 Grants and Foundations contains all materials related to grant requests, endowments (including the National Endowment for the Arts), and donations made by both large charitable organizations and private donors. Subseries 1.3 Financials and Correspondence includes budget materials, expense reports, and benefit information, as well as correspondence between members of the LSTC, memos, and fan mail (called \"love letters\") from schools and other workshop sites. Subseries 1.4 Public Relations and Printed Pieces consist of various publications made by the Living Stage such as their newsletters and advertisements, as well as transcripts of speeches made by LSTC executives and press releases promoting the Living Stage.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2: Artistic and Workshop Files (1966-2001), which is split into 3 subseries, contains the creative aspects of the Living Stage, including details about residencies and the personnel of the Company, as well as workshop reports, scripts, and \"Jams.\" Subseries 2.1 Residency and Personnel Files contains all documents related to the people of the Living Stage, including casting information and details about out of state residencies (including those in Stockholm, Boston, Pittsburgh, New York and others). Subseries 2.2 Production Reports and Workshops encompasses the output of the Living Stage Theatre Company in the form of workshops, which are series of performances put on at schools, museums, and communities, and the production reports which sought to analyze audience reception of and reaction to these performances. Look to the \"Baltimore Incident\" for an excellent example of how contentious and revolutionary the Living Stage's performances were. Subseries 2.3 Production Files and Scripts, while small, contains items related to the Living Stage's \"Jams\" including scripts, research, and other assorted play files. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 3: Audiovisual and Photographic Materials (1967-1999) includes all photos, negatives, and film of the Living Stage or their productions. It is divided into three subseries. Subseries 3.1 Photographic Materials includes various photos and negatives showing the cast of the Living Stage at various times, as well as production stills. Unfortunately, the majority of these are undated or have little in the way of description. Subseries 3.2 Audio and film reels includes tapings of various workshops and productions mostly from the 1970s and 1980s. Subseries 3.3 Audio and video tapes contains cassette, VHS, Betamax, and U-matic tapes either used by the Living Stage for performances or made by/about the Living Stage.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Living Stage records consists of material spanning the length of the organization's history from 1965, when the Living Stage was known as the Children's Theatre, to 2001. Included in the records are administrative files, financial papers, grant requests and applications, correspondence, workshop reports and scripts, as well as audiovisual and photographic materials.","Series 1: Administrative and Financial Files (1965-2000) includes documents relating to the day to day running of the Living Stage Theatre Company as well as programming, project planning, financials, budgets, grants, press releases and printed documents. It is divided further into 4 subseries. Subseries 1.1 Policies, Planning, and Development includes the administrative files of the Living Stage including season summaries by date, long range plans, meeting minutes, and Community Service Project information. Subseries 1.2 Grants and Foundations contains all materials related to grant requests, endowments (including the National Endowment for the Arts), and donations made by both large charitable organizations and private donors. Subseries 1.3 Financials and Correspondence includes budget materials, expense reports, and benefit information, as well as correspondence between members of the LSTC, memos, and fan mail (called \"love letters\") from schools and other workshop sites. Subseries 1.4 Public Relations and Printed Pieces consist of various publications made by the Living Stage such as their newsletters and advertisements, as well as transcripts of speeches made by LSTC executives and press releases promoting the Living Stage.","Series 2: Artistic and Workshop Files (1966-2001), which is split into 3 subseries, contains the creative aspects of the Living Stage, including details about residencies and the personnel of the Company, as well as workshop reports, scripts, and \"Jams.\" Subseries 2.1 Residency and Personnel Files contains all documents related to the people of the Living Stage, including casting information and details about out of state residencies (including those in Stockholm, Boston, Pittsburgh, New York and others). Subseries 2.2 Production Reports and Workshops encompasses the output of the Living Stage Theatre Company in the form of workshops, which are series of performances put on at schools, museums, and communities, and the production reports which sought to analyze audience reception of and reaction to these performances. Look to the \"Baltimore Incident\" for an excellent example of how contentious and revolutionary the Living Stage's performances were. Subseries 2.3 Production Files and Scripts, while small, contains items related to the Living Stage's \"Jams\" including scripts, research, and other assorted play files.","Series 3: Audiovisual and Photographic Materials (1967-1999) includes all photos, negatives, and film of the Living Stage or their productions. It is divided into three subseries. Subseries 3.1 Photographic Materials includes various photos and negatives showing the cast of the Living Stage at various times, as well as production stills. Unfortunately, the majority of these are undated or have little in the way of description. Subseries 3.2 Audio and film reels includes tapings of various workshops and productions mostly from the 1970s and 1980s. Subseries 3.3 Audio and video tapes contains cassette, VHS, Betamax, and U-matic tapes either used by the Living Stage for performances or made by/about the Living Stage."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_ref348\"\u003eThe Living Stage records documents the Living Stage Theatre Company, founded by Robert Alexander as an offshoot of Arena Stage in Washington, D.C. The records were created from 1965-2001.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The Living Stage records documents the Living Stage Theatre Company, founded by Robert Alexander as an offshoot of Arena Stage in Washington, D.C. The records were created from 1965-2001."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_e176c0c8972614dd614b2ea45cfacaaf\"\u003eR 52, C 6, S 3 - R 53, C 2, S 6\n\nMap Case 8.2\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["R 52, C 6, S 3 - R 53, C 2, S 6\n\nMap Case 8.2"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1502,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:35:06.185Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_602_c02_c02_c208"}},{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_602_c02_c02_c210","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Workshops IV, 1972/1973","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_602_c02_c02_c210#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_602_c02_c02_c210","ref_ssm":["vifgm_repositories_2_resources_602_c02_c02_c210"],"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_602_c02_c02_c210","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_602","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_602","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_602_c02_c02","parent_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_602_c02_c02","parent_ssim":["Living Stage records, 1965/2001","Series 2: Artistic and workshop files, 1966/2001","Production reports and workshops, 1967/2001"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vifgm_repositories_2_resources_602","vifgm_repositories_2_resources_602_c02","vifgm_repositories_2_resources_602_c02_c02"],"title_filing_ssi":"Workshops IV","title_ssm":["Workshops IV"],"title_tesim":["Workshops IV"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Workshops IV, 1972/1973"],"text":["Workshops IV, 1972/1973","Living Stage records, 1965/2001","Series 2: Artistic and workshop files, 1966/2001","Production reports and workshops, 1967/2001","Box 78","Folder 3"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Living Stage records, 1965/2001","Series 2: Artistic and workshop files, 1966/2001","Production reports and workshops, 1967/2001"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Living Stage records, 1965/2001","Series 2: Artistic and workshop files, 1966/2001","Production reports and workshops, 1967/2001"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1972/1973"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1972-1973"],"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"component_level_isim":[3],"sort_isi":1086,"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"collection_ssim":["Living Stage records, 1965/2001"],"containers_ssim":["Box 78","Folder 3"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["There are no access restrictions on Series 1 and 2. Please see the Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements note for access information on Series 3."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"date_range_isim":[1972,1973],"_nest_path_":"/components#1/components#1/components#209","timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:35:06.185Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_602","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_602","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_602","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_602","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_602.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Living Stage records","title_ssm":["Living Stage records"],"title_tesim":["Living Stage records"],"unitdate_ssm":["1965-2001"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1965-2001"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1965/2001"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Living Stage records, 1965/2001"],"text":["Living Stage records, 1965/2001","C0277","/repositories/2/resources/602","Washington (D.C.)","Acting","People with mental disabilities -- Services for -- United States","Performance art -- Photographs","Public schools -- Virginia","Radicalism -- United States -- History -- 20th century","Students -- Photographs","Theater -- United States -- History -- 20th century","Theater -- Washington (D.C.)","Theater programs","Playscript","There are no access restrictions on Series 1 and 2. Please see the Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements note for access information on Series 3.","The collection is divided into three series, each of which is divided into subseries.","Series\n      Series 1: Administrative and Financial Files, 1965-2000 (Boxes 1-56)\n      Series 2: Artistic and Workshop Files, 1966-2001 (Boxes 57-85)\n      Series 3: Audiovisual and Photographic Materials, 1967-1999 (Boxes 86-106)","The Living Stage Theatre Company began in 1966 as a venture of Arena Stage and Robert Alexander. Known from 1966-1968 as The Children's Theatre, the Living Stage from the beginning dedicated itself to programming with a social consciousness and a desire to effect societal change through performance. Robert Alexander was the theatre's founder and until 1995 its director. Alexander brought an adapted street and guerilla theater style to the D.C. area after becoming disenchanted with traditional theatre's \"middle-class\" audience. The Living Stage provided training to actors in the art of improvisational theater through tuition free schooling during the summers, as well as through weekend long workshop training for social workers, teachers, and other professionals throughout their 9 month season. While most of the Stage's workshops were held on site at schools, museums, and prisons, the Living Stage did have its own formal space in Washington, D.C. on 14th and T Streets NW. The Living Stage put on productions across Northern Virginia in schools, youth homes, and even prisons like the Lorton Penitentiary. Senior members of the company, like Jennifer Nelson and Oran Sandel helped to send the Living Stage across the country as well. Their efforts were largely funded through vigorous campaigning for grants and fund raising through the National Endowment for the Arts (NEA) and other private foundations. The Living Stage also received substantial financial assistance from its parent company, the Washington Drama Society, Inc.","The Living Stage performance style consisted of \"The Jam,\" \"The Performance,\" and \"The Workshop,\" a three part study that was used at most of their venues. The first part, or \"Jam,\" consisted of actors working with their audience to \"rap,\" make music, and \"jam\" through spoken or sung words accompanied by instrumentals typically provided by audience members. The actors then moved into the \"performance\" itself. During the performance the actors put on an improvised theater production directed by a senior member of the cast and assisted by one or two audience members. The \"Workshop\" began from there; during the workshop, the audience took over the scene, while still directed by the actors, and was encouraged to make it their own. Audiences gave their opinions and thoughts on each performance in the form of production reports that were collected by the Living Stage.","The projects that the Living Stage put on typically dealt with controversial and sensitive topics like race, economic inequality, the dangers of an overzealous American foreign policy, the atom bomb, violence, and freedom. The \"Baltimore Incident\" of 1971 is an excellent example of how controversial these productions could be. No matter how mixed opinions were, the Living Stage always elicited a reaction with their improvisational performances. During the 1980s the Living Stage began to reach out extensively to local initiatives like The District's Alcohol and Drug Abuse Services Administration and created their own Community Services Project in order to continue to bring theater and creativity to underserved sections of society. The Living Stage championed New Left ideals like equality and social justice throughout the Reagan years, despite some criticisms about their message being \"anachronistic.\"","The organization began to sunset in the first half of the 1990s as many of its founding and senior members took their skills elsewhere. Robert Alexander himself left in 1995 to start educating people in the art of improvisational theater full time. Jennifer Nelson, David Matthew Proctor, Ezra Knight, and others began to filter away in the 1990s to pursue their own acting goals and the Living Stage would officially close its doors in 2002.","The Special Collections Research Center does not have the equipment necessary to watch or listen to all audiovisual material in Series 3. Additional time and money may be required to digitize this material for access.","Processing completed by Nick Welsh and Elizabeth Beckman in 2016. EAD markup completed by Nick Welsh in June 2016. Finding aid updated by Amanda Menjivar in March 2025.","The Special Collections Research Center holds several collections of personal papers of individuals involved with the Living Stage Theater Company, including the Zelda Fichandler papers, the Thomas C. Fichandler papers, and the Ken Kitch papers. It also holds the Arena Stage records.","The Living Stage records consists of material spanning the length of the organization's history from 1965, when the Living Stage was known as the Children's Theatre, to 2001. Included in the records are administrative files, financial papers, grant requests and applications, correspondence, workshop reports and scripts, as well as audiovisual and photographic materials.","Series 1: Administrative and Financial Files (1965-2000) includes documents relating to the day to day running of the Living Stage Theatre Company as well as programming, project planning, financials, budgets, grants, press releases and printed documents. It is divided further into 4 subseries. Subseries 1.1 Policies, Planning, and Development includes the administrative files of the Living Stage including season summaries by date, long range plans, meeting minutes, and Community Service Project information. Subseries 1.2 Grants and Foundations contains all materials related to grant requests, endowments (including the National Endowment for the Arts), and donations made by both large charitable organizations and private donors. Subseries 1.3 Financials and Correspondence includes budget materials, expense reports, and benefit information, as well as correspondence between members of the LSTC, memos, and fan mail (called \"love letters\") from schools and other workshop sites. Subseries 1.4 Public Relations and Printed Pieces consist of various publications made by the Living Stage such as their newsletters and advertisements, as well as transcripts of speeches made by LSTC executives and press releases promoting the Living Stage.","Series 2: Artistic and Workshop Files (1966-2001), which is split into 3 subseries, contains the creative aspects of the Living Stage, including details about residencies and the personnel of the Company, as well as workshop reports, scripts, and \"Jams.\" Subseries 2.1 Residency and Personnel Files contains all documents related to the people of the Living Stage, including casting information and details about out of state residencies (including those in Stockholm, Boston, Pittsburgh, New York and others). Subseries 2.2 Production Reports and Workshops encompasses the output of the Living Stage Theatre Company in the form of workshops, which are series of performances put on at schools, museums, and communities, and the production reports which sought to analyze audience reception of and reaction to these performances. Look to the \"Baltimore Incident\" for an excellent example of how contentious and revolutionary the Living Stage's performances were. Subseries 2.3 Production Files and Scripts, while small, contains items related to the Living Stage's \"Jams\" including scripts, research, and other assorted play files.","Series 3: Audiovisual and Photographic Materials (1967-1999) includes all photos, negatives, and film of the Living Stage or their productions. It is divided into three subseries. Subseries 3.1 Photographic Materials includes various photos and negatives showing the cast of the Living Stage at various times, as well as production stills. Unfortunately, the majority of these are undated or have little in the way of description. Subseries 3.2 Audio and film reels includes tapings of various workshops and productions mostly from the 1970s and 1980s. Subseries 3.3 Audio and video tapes contains cassette, VHS, Betamax, and U-matic tapes either used by the Living Stage for performances or made by/about the Living Stage.","The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)","The Living Stage records documents the Living Stage Theatre Company, founded by Robert Alexander as an offshoot of Arena Stage in Washington, D.C. The records were created from 1965-2001.","R 52, C 6, S 3 - R 53, C 2, S 6\n\nMap Case 8.2","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Living Stage records, 1965/2001"],"collection_ssim":["Living Stage records, 1965/2001"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0277","/repositories/2/resources/602"],"unitid_tesim":["C0277","/repositories/2/resources/602"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"geogname_ssm":["Washington (D.C.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Washington (D.C.)"],"places_ssim":["Washington (D.C.)"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"creators_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donated by Arena Stage in 2000."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Acting","People with mental disabilities -- Services for -- United States","Performance art -- Photographs","Public schools -- Virginia","Radicalism -- United States -- History -- 20th century","Students -- Photographs","Theater -- United States -- History -- 20th century","Theater -- Washington (D.C.)","Theater programs","Playscript"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Acting","People with mental disabilities -- Services for -- United States","Performance art -- Photographs","Public schools -- Virginia","Radicalism -- United States -- History -- 20th century","Students -- Photographs","Theater -- United States -- History -- 20th century","Theater -- Washington (D.C.)","Theater programs","Playscript"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["48.0 Linear Feet 106 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["48.0 Linear Feet 106 boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["Playscript"],"date_range_isim":[1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions on Series 1 and 2. Please see the Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements note for access information on Series 3.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions on Series 1 and 2. Please see the Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements note for access information on Series 3."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is divided into three series, each of which is divided into subseries.\u003c/p\u003e    ","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003chead\u003eSeries\u003c/head\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 1: Administrative and Financial Files, 1965-2000 (Boxes 1-56)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 2: Artistic and Workshop Files, 1966-2001 (Boxes 57-85)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 3: Audiovisual and Photographic Materials, 1967-1999 (Boxes 86-106)\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is divided into three series, each of which is divided into subseries.","Series\n      Series 1: Administrative and Financial Files, 1965-2000 (Boxes 1-56)\n      Series 2: Artistic and Workshop Files, 1966-2001 (Boxes 57-85)\n      Series 3: Audiovisual and Photographic Materials, 1967-1999 (Boxes 86-106)"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Living Stage Theatre Company began in 1966 as a venture of Arena Stage and Robert Alexander. Known from 1966-1968 as The Children's Theatre, the Living Stage from the beginning dedicated itself to programming with a social consciousness and a desire to effect societal change through performance. Robert Alexander was the theatre's founder and until 1995 its director. Alexander brought an adapted street and guerilla theater style to the D.C. area after becoming disenchanted with traditional theatre's \"middle-class\" audience. The Living Stage provided training to actors in the art of improvisational theater through tuition free schooling during the summers, as well as through weekend long workshop training for social workers, teachers, and other professionals throughout their 9 month season. While most of the Stage's workshops were held on site at schools, museums, and prisons, the Living Stage did have its own formal space in Washington, D.C. on 14th and T Streets NW. The Living Stage put on productions across Northern Virginia in schools, youth homes, and even prisons like the Lorton Penitentiary. Senior members of the company, like Jennifer Nelson and Oran Sandel helped to send the Living Stage across the country as well. Their efforts were largely funded through vigorous campaigning for grants and fund raising through the National Endowment for the Arts (NEA) and other private foundations. The Living Stage also received substantial financial assistance from its parent company, the Washington Drama Society, Inc. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Living Stage performance style consisted of \"The Jam,\" \"The Performance,\" and \"The Workshop,\" a three part study that was used at most of their venues. The first part, or \"Jam,\" consisted of actors working with their audience to \"rap,\" make music, and \"jam\" through spoken or sung words accompanied by instrumentals typically provided by audience members. The actors then moved into the \"performance\" itself. During the performance the actors put on an improvised theater production directed by a senior member of the cast and assisted by one or two audience members. The \"Workshop\" began from there; during the workshop, the audience took over the scene, while still directed by the actors, and was encouraged to make it their own. Audiences gave their opinions and thoughts on each performance in the form of production reports that were collected by the Living Stage. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe projects that the Living Stage put on typically dealt with controversial and sensitive topics like race, economic inequality, the dangers of an overzealous American foreign policy, the atom bomb, violence, and freedom. The \"Baltimore Incident\" of 1971 is an excellent example of how controversial these productions could be. No matter how mixed opinions were, the Living Stage always elicited a reaction with their improvisational performances. During the 1980s the Living Stage began to reach out extensively to local initiatives like The District's Alcohol and Drug Abuse Services Administration and created their own Community Services Project in order to continue to bring theater and creativity to underserved sections of society. The Living Stage championed New Left ideals like equality and social justice throughout the Reagan years, despite some criticisms about their message being \"anachronistic.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe organization began to sunset in the first half of the 1990s as many of its founding and senior members took their skills elsewhere. Robert Alexander himself left in 1995 to start educating people in the art of improvisational theater full time. Jennifer Nelson, David Matthew Proctor, Ezra Knight, and others began to filter away in the 1990s to pursue their own acting goals and the Living Stage would officially close its doors in 2002.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Living Stage Theatre Company began in 1966 as a venture of Arena Stage and Robert Alexander. Known from 1966-1968 as The Children's Theatre, the Living Stage from the beginning dedicated itself to programming with a social consciousness and a desire to effect societal change through performance. Robert Alexander was the theatre's founder and until 1995 its director. Alexander brought an adapted street and guerilla theater style to the D.C. area after becoming disenchanted with traditional theatre's \"middle-class\" audience. The Living Stage provided training to actors in the art of improvisational theater through tuition free schooling during the summers, as well as through weekend long workshop training for social workers, teachers, and other professionals throughout their 9 month season. While most of the Stage's workshops were held on site at schools, museums, and prisons, the Living Stage did have its own formal space in Washington, D.C. on 14th and T Streets NW. The Living Stage put on productions across Northern Virginia in schools, youth homes, and even prisons like the Lorton Penitentiary. Senior members of the company, like Jennifer Nelson and Oran Sandel helped to send the Living Stage across the country as well. Their efforts were largely funded through vigorous campaigning for grants and fund raising through the National Endowment for the Arts (NEA) and other private foundations. The Living Stage also received substantial financial assistance from its parent company, the Washington Drama Society, Inc.","The Living Stage performance style consisted of \"The Jam,\" \"The Performance,\" and \"The Workshop,\" a three part study that was used at most of their venues. The first part, or \"Jam,\" consisted of actors working with their audience to \"rap,\" make music, and \"jam\" through spoken or sung words accompanied by instrumentals typically provided by audience members. The actors then moved into the \"performance\" itself. During the performance the actors put on an improvised theater production directed by a senior member of the cast and assisted by one or two audience members. The \"Workshop\" began from there; during the workshop, the audience took over the scene, while still directed by the actors, and was encouraged to make it their own. Audiences gave their opinions and thoughts on each performance in the form of production reports that were collected by the Living Stage.","The projects that the Living Stage put on typically dealt with controversial and sensitive topics like race, economic inequality, the dangers of an overzealous American foreign policy, the atom bomb, violence, and freedom. The \"Baltimore Incident\" of 1971 is an excellent example of how controversial these productions could be. No matter how mixed opinions were, the Living Stage always elicited a reaction with their improvisational performances. During the 1980s the Living Stage began to reach out extensively to local initiatives like The District's Alcohol and Drug Abuse Services Administration and created their own Community Services Project in order to continue to bring theater and creativity to underserved sections of society. The Living Stage championed New Left ideals like equality and social justice throughout the Reagan years, despite some criticisms about their message being \"anachronistic.\"","The organization began to sunset in the first half of the 1990s as many of its founding and senior members took their skills elsewhere. Robert Alexander himself left in 1995 to start educating people in the art of improvisational theater full time. Jennifer Nelson, David Matthew Proctor, Ezra Knight, and others began to filter away in the 1990s to pursue their own acting goals and the Living Stage would officially close its doors in 2002."],"phystech_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Special Collections Research Center does not have the equipment necessary to watch or listen to all audiovisual material in Series 3. Additional time and money may be required to digitize this material for access.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"phystech_heading_ssm":["Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements"],"phystech_tesim":["The Special Collections Research Center does not have the equipment necessary to watch or listen to all audiovisual material in Series 3. Additional time and money may be required to digitize this material for access."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLiving Stage records, C0277, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Living Stage records, C0277, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessing completed by Nick Welsh and Elizabeth Beckman in 2016. EAD markup completed by Nick Welsh in June 2016. Finding aid updated by Amanda Menjivar in March 2025.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processing completed by Nick Welsh and Elizabeth Beckman in 2016. EAD markup completed by Nick Welsh in June 2016. Finding aid updated by Amanda Menjivar in March 2025."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Special Collections Research Center holds several collections of personal papers of individuals involved with the Living Stage Theater Company, including the Zelda Fichandler papers, the Thomas C. Fichandler papers, and the Ken Kitch papers. It also holds the Arena Stage records.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Special Collections Research Center holds several collections of personal papers of individuals involved with the Living Stage Theater Company, including the Zelda Fichandler papers, the Thomas C. Fichandler papers, and the Ken Kitch papers. It also holds the Arena Stage records."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Living Stage records consists of material spanning the length of the organization's history from 1965, when the Living Stage was known as the Children's Theatre, to 2001. Included in the records are administrative files, financial papers, grant requests and applications, correspondence, workshop reports and scripts, as well as audiovisual and photographic materials.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1: Administrative and Financial Files (1965-2000) includes documents relating to the day to day running of the Living Stage Theatre Company as well as programming, project planning, financials, budgets, grants, press releases and printed documents. It is divided further into 4 subseries. Subseries 1.1 Policies, Planning, and Development includes the administrative files of the Living Stage including season summaries by date, long range plans, meeting minutes, and Community Service Project information. Subseries 1.2 Grants and Foundations contains all materials related to grant requests, endowments (including the National Endowment for the Arts), and donations made by both large charitable organizations and private donors. Subseries 1.3 Financials and Correspondence includes budget materials, expense reports, and benefit information, as well as correspondence between members of the LSTC, memos, and fan mail (called \"love letters\") from schools and other workshop sites. Subseries 1.4 Public Relations and Printed Pieces consist of various publications made by the Living Stage such as their newsletters and advertisements, as well as transcripts of speeches made by LSTC executives and press releases promoting the Living Stage.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2: Artistic and Workshop Files (1966-2001), which is split into 3 subseries, contains the creative aspects of the Living Stage, including details about residencies and the personnel of the Company, as well as workshop reports, scripts, and \"Jams.\" Subseries 2.1 Residency and Personnel Files contains all documents related to the people of the Living Stage, including casting information and details about out of state residencies (including those in Stockholm, Boston, Pittsburgh, New York and others). Subseries 2.2 Production Reports and Workshops encompasses the output of the Living Stage Theatre Company in the form of workshops, which are series of performances put on at schools, museums, and communities, and the production reports which sought to analyze audience reception of and reaction to these performances. Look to the \"Baltimore Incident\" for an excellent example of how contentious and revolutionary the Living Stage's performances were. Subseries 2.3 Production Files and Scripts, while small, contains items related to the Living Stage's \"Jams\" including scripts, research, and other assorted play files. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 3: Audiovisual and Photographic Materials (1967-1999) includes all photos, negatives, and film of the Living Stage or their productions. It is divided into three subseries. Subseries 3.1 Photographic Materials includes various photos and negatives showing the cast of the Living Stage at various times, as well as production stills. Unfortunately, the majority of these are undated or have little in the way of description. Subseries 3.2 Audio and film reels includes tapings of various workshops and productions mostly from the 1970s and 1980s. Subseries 3.3 Audio and video tapes contains cassette, VHS, Betamax, and U-matic tapes either used by the Living Stage for performances or made by/about the Living Stage.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Living Stage records consists of material spanning the length of the organization's history from 1965, when the Living Stage was known as the Children's Theatre, to 2001. Included in the records are administrative files, financial papers, grant requests and applications, correspondence, workshop reports and scripts, as well as audiovisual and photographic materials.","Series 1: Administrative and Financial Files (1965-2000) includes documents relating to the day to day running of the Living Stage Theatre Company as well as programming, project planning, financials, budgets, grants, press releases and printed documents. It is divided further into 4 subseries. Subseries 1.1 Policies, Planning, and Development includes the administrative files of the Living Stage including season summaries by date, long range plans, meeting minutes, and Community Service Project information. Subseries 1.2 Grants and Foundations contains all materials related to grant requests, endowments (including the National Endowment for the Arts), and donations made by both large charitable organizations and private donors. Subseries 1.3 Financials and Correspondence includes budget materials, expense reports, and benefit information, as well as correspondence between members of the LSTC, memos, and fan mail (called \"love letters\") from schools and other workshop sites. Subseries 1.4 Public Relations and Printed Pieces consist of various publications made by the Living Stage such as their newsletters and advertisements, as well as transcripts of speeches made by LSTC executives and press releases promoting the Living Stage.","Series 2: Artistic and Workshop Files (1966-2001), which is split into 3 subseries, contains the creative aspects of the Living Stage, including details about residencies and the personnel of the Company, as well as workshop reports, scripts, and \"Jams.\" Subseries 2.1 Residency and Personnel Files contains all documents related to the people of the Living Stage, including casting information and details about out of state residencies (including those in Stockholm, Boston, Pittsburgh, New York and others). Subseries 2.2 Production Reports and Workshops encompasses the output of the Living Stage Theatre Company in the form of workshops, which are series of performances put on at schools, museums, and communities, and the production reports which sought to analyze audience reception of and reaction to these performances. Look to the \"Baltimore Incident\" for an excellent example of how contentious and revolutionary the Living Stage's performances were. Subseries 2.3 Production Files and Scripts, while small, contains items related to the Living Stage's \"Jams\" including scripts, research, and other assorted play files.","Series 3: Audiovisual and Photographic Materials (1967-1999) includes all photos, negatives, and film of the Living Stage or their productions. It is divided into three subseries. Subseries 3.1 Photographic Materials includes various photos and negatives showing the cast of the Living Stage at various times, as well as production stills. Unfortunately, the majority of these are undated or have little in the way of description. Subseries 3.2 Audio and film reels includes tapings of various workshops and productions mostly from the 1970s and 1980s. Subseries 3.3 Audio and video tapes contains cassette, VHS, Betamax, and U-matic tapes either used by the Living Stage for performances or made by/about the Living Stage."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_ref348\"\u003eThe Living Stage records documents the Living Stage Theatre Company, founded by Robert Alexander as an offshoot of Arena Stage in Washington, D.C. The records were created from 1965-2001.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The Living Stage records documents the Living Stage Theatre Company, founded by Robert Alexander as an offshoot of Arena Stage in Washington, D.C. The records were created from 1965-2001."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_e176c0c8972614dd614b2ea45cfacaaf\"\u003eR 52, C 6, S 3 - R 53, C 2, S 6\n\nMap Case 8.2\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["R 52, C 6, S 3 - R 53, C 2, S 6\n\nMap Case 8.2"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1502,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:35:06.185Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_602_c02_c02_c210"}},{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_190","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Works Progress Administration oral histories collection, 1961/1984","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_190#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"George Mason University. Institute on the Federal Theatre Project and New Deal Culture","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_190#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Collection includes transcripts and recordings of oral interviews with persons who were associated with various Works Progress Administration (WPA) projects in the 1930s. These include the Federal Art Project, Federal Music Project, and Federal Writers Project.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_190#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_190","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_190","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_190","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_190","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_190.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Works Progress Administration oral histories","title_ssm":["Works Progress Administration oral histories collection"],"title_tesim":["Works Progress Administration oral histories collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1961-1984"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1961-1984"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1961/1984"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Works Progress Administration oral histories collection, 1961/1984"],"text":["Works Progress Administration oral histories collection, 1961/1984","C0153","/repositories/2/resources/190","Theater -- United States","Dance -- United States","Acting","New Deal, 1933-1939","Performing arts","Theater","Theater -- United States -- History -- 20th century","Sound recordings","Oral histories","There are no access restrictions.","Most of the oral histories from this collection were digitized through a Council on Library \u0026 Information Resources (CLIR) grant in 2019. To access the digitized recordings and learn more about the project, please visit .","This collection is arranged in two series based on format - transcripts and recordings. Series 2 is divided into two subseries by content - oral histories; plays, radio interviews, and conferences.","Organized into two series:","Series\n      Series 1: Transcripts, 1961-1984 (Boxes 1-11)\n      Series 2: Audio Recordings, 1938-1984 (Boxes 12-41)","The interviews in the WPA Oral Histories Collection were conducted from between 1961 and 1984. The majority of the interviews were done in the 1970s and 1980s by Lorraine Brown and John O'Connor as part of the Institute on the Federal Theatre Project and New Deal Culture. Cassettes of cast recordings and conferences were also created by the Institute on the Federal Theatre Project and New Deal Culture.","Processed by Special Collections Research Center staff. EAD markup completed by Eron Ackerman and Jordan Patty in March 2009. Series 2 added in November 2013 by Greta Kuriger Suiter. Finding aid updated by Amanda Brent in March 2022.","The Special Collections Research Center also holds the .","This collection consists of oral history interviews with persons who were associated with various Works Progress Administration (WPA) projects in the 1930s. These include the Federal Art Project, Federal Music Project, and Federal Writers Project.","Series 1: Transcripts consists of typewritten and handwritten photocopies of transcripts of oral histories created between 1961 and 1984 by the Research Center on the Federal Theatre Project. Some folders also contain correspondence and photographs of the interviewee. This series is arranged alphabetically by last name of interviewee.","Series 2: Audio Recordings consists of two subseries: Oral history interviews, and Plays, radio interviews, conferences. Subseries 2.1: Oral history interviews contains audio cassette tapes and reel-to-reel recordings. This subseries is arranged alphabetically by last name of interviewee. The oral histories were created between 1961 and 1984 by the Research Center on the Federal Theatre Project at George Mason University. Subseries 2.2: Plays, radio interviews, conferences contains audio cassette tapes and reel-to-reel recordings of various federal theatre performances, interviews, and conferences that date from 1938 to 1984 and is arranged alphabetically by title.","The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)","Collection includes transcripts and recordings of oral interviews with persons who were associated with various Works Progress Administration (WPA) projects in the 1930s. These include the Federal Art Project, Federal Music Project, and Federal Writers Project.","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","George Mason University. Institute on the Federal Theatre Project and New Deal Culture","Federal Art Project","Federal Music Project (U.S.)","Federal Theatre Project (U.S.)","Federal Writers' Project","United States. Works Progress Administration","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Works Progress Administration oral histories collection, 1961/1984"],"collection_ssim":["Works Progress Administration oral histories collection, 1961/1984"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0153","/repositories/2/resources/190"],"unitid_tesim":["C0153","/repositories/2/resources/190"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"creator_ssm":["George Mason University. Institute on the Federal Theatre Project and New Deal Culture"],"creator_ssim":["George Mason University. Institute on the Federal Theatre Project and New Deal Culture"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","George Mason University. Institute on the Federal Theatre Project and New Deal Culture","Federal Art Project","Federal Music Project (U.S.)","Federal Theatre Project (U.S.)","Federal Writers' Project","United States. Works Progress Administration"],"creators_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","George Mason University. Institute on the Federal Theatre Project and New Deal Culture","Federal Art Project","Federal Music Project (U.S.)","Federal Theatre Project (U.S.)","Federal Writers' Project","United States. Works Progress Administration"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donated by the Institute on the Federal Theatre Project and New Deal Culture."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Theater -- United States","Dance -- United States","Acting","New Deal, 1933-1939","Performing arts","Theater","Theater -- United States -- History -- 20th century","Sound recordings","Oral histories"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Theater -- United States","Dance -- United States","Acting","New Deal, 1933-1939","Performing arts","Theater","Theater -- United States -- History -- 20th century","Sound recordings","Oral histories"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["16 Linear Feet 43 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["16 Linear Feet 43 boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["Sound recordings","Oral histories"],"date_range_isim":[1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMost of the oral histories from this collection were digitized through a Council on Library \u0026amp; Information Resources (CLIR) grant in 2019. To access the digitized recordings and learn more about the project, please visit \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"https://vwpa.gmu.edu/audiocollection/\" href=\"https://vwpa.gmu.edu/audiocollection/\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Alternative Form Available"],"altformavail_tesim":["Most of the oral histories from this collection were digitized through a Council on Library \u0026 Information Resources (CLIR) grant in 2019. To access the digitized recordings and learn more about the project, please visit ."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged in two series based on format - transcripts and recordings. Series 2 is divided into two subseries by content - oral histories; plays, radio interviews, and conferences.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOrganized into two series:\u003c/p\u003e    ","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003chead\u003eSeries\u003c/head\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 1: Transcripts, 1961-1984 (Boxes 1-11)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 2: Audio Recordings, 1938-1984 (Boxes 12-41)\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged in two series based on format - transcripts and recordings. Series 2 is divided into two subseries by content - oral histories; plays, radio interviews, and conferences.","Organized into two series:","Series\n      Series 1: Transcripts, 1961-1984 (Boxes 1-11)\n      Series 2: Audio Recordings, 1938-1984 (Boxes 12-41)"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe interviews in the WPA Oral Histories Collection were conducted from between 1961 and 1984. The majority of the interviews were done in the 1970s and 1980s by Lorraine Brown and John O'Connor as part of the Institute on the Federal Theatre Project and New Deal Culture. Cassettes of cast recordings and conferences were also created by the Institute on the Federal Theatre Project and New Deal Culture.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["The interviews in the WPA Oral Histories Collection were conducted from between 1961 and 1984. The majority of the interviews were done in the 1970s and 1980s by Lorraine Brown and John O'Connor as part of the Institute on the Federal Theatre Project and New Deal Culture. Cassettes of cast recordings and conferences were also created by the Institute on the Federal Theatre Project and New Deal Culture."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWorks Progress Administration oral histories collection, C0153, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Works Progress Administration oral histories collection, C0153, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed by Special Collections Research Center staff. EAD markup completed by Eron Ackerman and Jordan Patty in March 2009. Series 2 added in November 2013 by Greta Kuriger Suiter. 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To access the digitized recordings and learn more about the project, please visit .","This collection is arranged in two series based on format - transcripts and recordings. Series 2 is divided into two subseries by content - oral histories; plays, radio interviews, and conferences.","Organized into two series:","Series\n      Series 1: Transcripts, 1961-1984 (Boxes 1-11)\n      Series 2: Audio Recordings, 1938-1984 (Boxes 12-41)","The interviews in the WPA Oral Histories Collection were conducted from between 1961 and 1984. The majority of the interviews were done in the 1970s and 1980s by Lorraine Brown and John O'Connor as part of the Institute on the Federal Theatre Project and New Deal Culture. Cassettes of cast recordings and conferences were also created by the Institute on the Federal Theatre Project and New Deal Culture.","Processed by Special Collections Research Center staff. EAD markup completed by Eron Ackerman and Jordan Patty in March 2009. 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This subseries is arranged alphabetically by last name of interviewee. The oral histories were created between 1961 and 1984 by the Research Center on the Federal Theatre Project at George Mason University. Subseries 2.2: Plays, radio interviews, conferences contains audio cassette tapes and reel-to-reel recordings of various federal theatre performances, interviews, and conferences that date from 1938 to 1984 and is arranged alphabetically by title.","The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)","Collection includes transcripts and recordings of oral interviews with persons who were associated with various Works Progress Administration (WPA) projects in the 1930s. These include the Federal Art Project, Federal Music Project, and Federal Writers Project.","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","George Mason University. 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Works Progress Administration"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donated by the Institute on the Federal Theatre Project and New Deal Culture."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Theater -- United States","Dance -- United States","Acting","New Deal, 1933-1939","Performing arts","Theater","Theater -- United States -- History -- 20th century","Sound recordings","Oral histories"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Theater -- United States","Dance -- United States","Acting","New Deal, 1933-1939","Performing arts","Theater","Theater -- United States -- History -- 20th century","Sound recordings","Oral histories"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["16 Linear Feet 43 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["16 Linear Feet 43 boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["Sound recordings","Oral histories"],"date_range_isim":[1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMost of the oral histories from this collection were digitized through a Council on Library \u0026amp; Information Resources (CLIR) grant in 2019. 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Subseries 2.2: Plays, radio interviews, conferences contains audio cassette tapes and reel-to-reel recordings of various federal theatre performances, interviews, and conferences that date from 1938 to 1984 and is arranged alphabetically by title.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection consists of oral history interviews with persons who were associated with various Works Progress Administration (WPA) projects in the 1930s. These include the Federal Art Project, Federal Music Project, and Federal Writers Project.","Series 1: Transcripts consists of typewritten and handwritten photocopies of transcripts of oral histories created between 1961 and 1984 by the Research Center on the Federal Theatre Project. Some folders also contain correspondence and photographs of the interviewee. This series is arranged alphabetically by last name of interviewee.","Series 2: Audio Recordings consists of two subseries: Oral history interviews, and Plays, radio interviews, conferences. Subseries 2.1: Oral history interviews contains audio cassette tapes and reel-to-reel recordings. This subseries is arranged alphabetically by last name of interviewee. The oral histories were created between 1961 and 1984 by the Research Center on the Federal Theatre Project at George Mason University. Subseries 2.2: Plays, radio interviews, conferences contains audio cassette tapes and reel-to-reel recordings of various federal theatre performances, interviews, and conferences that date from 1938 to 1984 and is arranged alphabetically by title."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_b566e0d872c9f59cfe34a69bcda2f059\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eCollection includes transcripts and recordings of oral interviews with persons who were associated with various Works Progress Administration (WPA) projects in the 1930s. These include the Federal Art Project, Federal Music Project, and Federal Writers Project.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["Collection includes transcripts and recordings of oral interviews with persons who were associated with various Works Progress Administration (WPA) projects in the 1930s. These include the Federal Art Project, Federal Music Project, and Federal Writers Project."],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","George Mason University. Institute on the Federal Theatre Project and New Deal Culture","Federal Art Project","Federal Music Project (U.S.)","Federal Theatre Project (U.S.)","Federal Writers' Project","United States. Works Progress Administration"],"names_coll_ssim":["Federal Art Project","Federal Music Project (U.S.)","Federal Theatre Project (U.S.)","Federal Writers' Project","United States. Works Progress Administration"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. 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Buchanan papers, 1800/2014","Series 3: Writings, 1946/2012"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vifgm_repositories_2_resources_367","vifgm_repositories_2_resources_367_c03"],"title_filing_ssi":"\"Work Supply under Increasing Returns: The Formal Economics of a Work Ethic\" drafts, correspondence, and related papers","title_ssm":["\"Work Supply under Increasing Returns: The Formal Economics of a Work Ethic\" drafts, correspondence, and related papers"],"title_tesim":["\"Work Supply under Increasing Returns: The Formal Economics of a Work Ethic\" drafts, correspondence, and related papers"],"normalized_title_ssm":["\"Work Supply under Increasing Returns: The Formal Economics of a Work Ethic\" drafts, correspondence, and related papers, 1971/1992"],"text":["\"Work Supply under Increasing Returns: The Formal Economics of a Work Ethic\" drafts, correspondence, and related papers, 1971/1992","James M. Buchanan papers, 1800/2014","Series 3: Writings, 1946/2012","box 223","folder 9"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["James M. Buchanan papers, 1800/2014","Series 3: Writings, 1946/2012"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["James M. Buchanan papers, 1800/2014","Series 3: Writings, 1946/2012"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1971/1992"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1971, 1987-1992"],"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"component_level_isim":[2],"sort_isi":3439,"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"collection_ssim":["James M. Buchanan papers, 1800/2014"],"containers_ssim":["box 223","folder 9"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Certain materials in the collection are restricted due to FERPA requirements and personally identifiable information. Letters of recommendation are restricted for 40 years from creation. Please see inventory for details.","Most of the materials in Series 9 were digitized. Please reach out to SCRC to access these materials.","There are no other access restrictions.","All If your request requires more research support, we recommend hiring someone to assist you on-site. Remote digitization requests will be evaluated based on the material content and our ability to provide copies."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"date_range_isim":[1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992],"_nest_path_":"/components#2/components#1821","timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:34:42.576Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_367","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_367","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_367","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_367","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_367.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"C0246","title_ssm":["James M. Buchanan papers"],"title_tesim":["James M. Buchanan papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["circa 1800s, 1930-2014"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1800s, 1930-2014"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1800/2014"],"normalized_title_ssm":["James M. Buchanan papers, 1800/2014"],"text":["James M. Buchanan papers, 1800/2014","C0246","/repositories/2/resources/367","Economics","Economists -- United States","Nobel Prize winners","Social choice","Correspondence","Manuscripts","Typescripts","Video recordings","Certain materials in the collection are restricted due to FERPA requirements and personally identifiable information. Letters of recommendation are restricted for 40 years from creation. Please see inventory for details.","Most of the materials in Series 9 were digitized. Please reach out to SCRC to access these materials.","There are no other access restrictions.","All If your request requires more research support, we recommend hiring someone to assist you on-site. Remote digitization requests will be evaluated based on the material content and our ability to provide copies.","The collection is arranged in nine series.","Series\n      Series 1: Biographical materials\n      Series 2: Correspondence\n      Series 3: Writings\n      Series 4: Academia\n      Series 5: Professional service\n      Series 6: Betty Tillman papers\n      Series 7: Jo Ann Burgess papers\n      Series 8: Writings by others\n      Series 9: Audiovisual and born-digital materials","James McGill Buchanan, Jr. was born on October 3, 1919 in Gum, Tennessee to Lila Scott (1889-1953) and James McGill Buchanan, Sr. (1888-1979). He had two younger sisters, Lila Scott Buchanan Graue (1922-2020) and Elizabeth Bradley. His paternal grandfather, John P. Buchanan (1847-1930), was a one-term governor of Tennessee from 1891 to 1893. James M. Buchanan attended Buchanan High School. He triple-majored in English, mathematics, and economics at Middle Tennessee State University from 1936 to 1940. He received a Master's of the Arts in economics from the University of Tennessee, Knoxville in 1941. Buchanan then attended the Naval War College and served on the operations staff of Admiral Chester W. Nimitz from 1941 to 1945. In that role, he was stationed in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, and Guam. He met his wife, Ann Bakke (August 21, 1909-November 14, 2005) in 1943. She was born in Jamestown, North Dakota. She served with the Army Air Transport Command at Hickham Field, Oahu. In 1945 the couple married in San Francisco, California.","From 1946 to 1948 Buchanan attended the University of Chicago, where he graduated with a Ph.D. in economics. After graduation, he taught at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville as an associate professor from 1948 to 1951, and then as a full professor at Florida State University, Tallahassee from 1951 to 1956. In 1955 he was awarded a Fulbright fellowship to study in Italy for a year. In 1956 he was hired at the University of Virginia as the chair of the economics department. It was there that he co-founded the Thomas Jefferson Center for Studies in Political Economy in 1958. That same year, he published Public Principles of Public Debt. In 1962, Buchanan and co-author Gordon Tullock published The Calculus of Consent.","Buchanan worked at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) for one academic year (1968-1969) as a professor of economics. In 1969 he was hired at Virginia Polytechnic Institute (VPI, now known as Virginia Tech), as a University Distinguished Professor. He became general director of the Center for Study of Public Choice, the successor institution to the Thomas Jefferson Center for Political Economy. Buchanan continued to publish books during his time at VPI, including Cost and Choice (1969), Academia in Anarchy with Nicos Devletoglou (1970), The Limits of Liberty (1975), and The Power to Tax with Geoffrey Brennan (1980).","In 1983, Buchanan and the Center for the Study of Public Choice moved from VPI to George Mason University in Fairfax, Virginia. After the move, he split his time between Fairfax and his farm in Blacksburg, Virginia. In 1986, Buchanan was awarded the Nobel Memorial Prize in economics. While at Mason, he published The Reason of Rules (1985), Better than Plowing (1992), and Politics by Principle, Not Interest with Roger Congleton (1998). He formally retired from Mason in September 1999 but continued to work both at Mason and Virginia Tech until his death on January 9, 2013.","Buchanan was known for his contribution to the field of public choice, which uses economic principles to analyze the rules and actions of government and public sector. It was this theory which led to his Nobel award.","Born on March 19, 1927, Betty Jane Hall Tillman (also known as Betty Ross from 1977 to 1984) received an associate's degree from The Jefferson School of Commerce at Charlottesville, Virginia in 1945. She worked for Buchanan at the University of Virginia from August 14, 1961 to August 1969, at VPI from September 1, 1969 to June 1983, and at George Mason University from July 1, 1983 until her retirement in April 2007. Tillman had multiple responsibilities including handling Buchanan's correspondence, scheduling his events, coordinating Liberty Fund conferences, organizing activities at the Center for Study of Public Choice, and assisting graduate students and faculty associated with the Center. At the time of her retirement her position was administrative director of the Center for Study of Public Choice. She had three children. Tillman died on October 2, 2013.","Jo Ann Burgess was born on June 27, 1948. She began work at the Center for the Study of Public Choice at George Mason University in 1989. Previously, Burgess lived around the world working for the State Department and the U.S military. She had four children with her husband, Roger. Burgess had many varied responsibilities at the Center including organizing Buchanan's archival papers, and administrative duties for the Public Choice Society. She edited Buchanan's published work in the 1990s and 2000s, including editing The Collected Works of James Buchanan and The Selected Works of Gordon Tullock for the Liberty Fund. After Tillman's retirement, Burgess took on additional responsibilities related to handling Buchanan's correspondence and scheduling, and additional administrative duties at the Center. Burgess retired in the summer of 2014. She died on March 19, 2020.","This collection was processed by Rebecca Thayer as part of a National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH) grant project from March 2021 to March 2023.","Initial processing of the collection was begun after James M. Buchanan's death in 2013, while the papers were at Buchanan House (also known as Roberts House), where the offices of Buchanan, Betty Tillman, Jo Ann Burgess, and the Center for Study of Public Choice were then located. Processing at this time was done by Greta Suiter, then-Processing Coordinator at the Special Collections Research Center (SCRC), and Solomon Stein, then-economics PhD student at Mason. Stein and Suiter established an initial arrangement scheme and began foldering and sorting materials accordingly. Elizabeth Beckman, then-Processing Coordinator, continued arrangement and refoldering work alongside Stein at Buchanan House from 2014 to 2016. 145 linear feet of materials were ultimately arranged during this time. The following series were created: Correspondence, Academic (Subseries: Courses taken and Courses taught), Conferences (Subseries: Conferences attended and Conferences held), Writings, Articles Read, and Administrative.","Materials were boxed up and brought to Fenwick in Spring 2017. Beckman completed EAD markup of a preliminary finding aid with the processed materials in June 2017. Processing was paused in 2017 to apply for a NEH grant to hire a dedicated processing archivist. The grant was approved to start in 2020 but was delayed for several months due to the COVID-19 pandemic.","Rebecca Thayer was hired in March 2021 to process the collection. She surveyed the arranged part of the collection (145 linear feet) and the unprocessed part (147 linear feet) to create a processing plan. This plan included adjustments to the original arrangement scheme based on material in the unprocessed section of the papers. A large number of the eventual Jo Ann Burgess papers series materials were in the unprocessed section of the collection, although the unprocessed section did contain materials from all series.","The prior arrangement scheme did not preserve Tillman and Burgess' files as discrete series, so it is likely that some materials created by Tillman or Burgess were dispersed into the various other series. Some materials in the correspondence series especially which were obviously correspondence involving only Tillman, Burgess, or Ann Bakke Buchanan, were removed to their respective series and subseries. However, Thayer did not attempt a systematic review of materials in other series such as Professional Services and Academia in order to separate out Tillman and Burgess-created files from Buchanan-created files. This has resulted in some significant overlap between those series and the Betty Tillman papers and Jo Ann Burgess papers series. This does reflect the significant overlap in work responsibilities of Tillman, Burgess, Buchanan, and the Center as seen in the materials.","Processors prior to the NEH grant appear to have filed out materials that were originally grouped in large miscellaneous folders. Buchanan, Tillman, and Burgess do not seem to have created many files with only one or two emails or letters, preferring larger bulk folders. However, in the collection there are now many individual folders with correspondents that seem to have been created from larger files. No additional filing out of material was done under the NEH grant.","Thayer arranged the unprocessed materials and reprocessed the previously arranged materials, combining the two. Mason Graduate Research Assistant Rachel Barton and undergraduate assistants Colin McDonald and Vilma Chicas Garcia assisted with arrangement, reboxing, and inventory creation. Amanda Menjivar, Manuscripts and Archives Librarian, assisted with finding aid data entry and publishing.","The James M. Buchanan papers largely consist of correspondence, writings, and administrative files created between the years 1930-2014. The collection contains 9 series.","Series 1: Biographical materials (circa 1800s, 1944-2012) contains information about James M. Buchanan's life and career. It is further divided into four subseries. Subseries 1.1: Ann Bakke Buchanan papers contains materials created by Ann Bakke Buchanan, James M. Buchanan's wife. Materials include correspondence, recipe cards, notebooks, calendars, and photographs. Some of the correspondence is in Norwegian, and some addressed to both James and Ann as a couple. Subseries 1.2: Awards contains newspapers clippings, congratulatory letters, photographs, and memorabilia relating to awards Buchanan received during his career. The majority of the materials relate to the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics. Subseries 1.3: Education contains study notes, essays, syllabi, and research notes from Buchanan's education, mostly from his PhD study at the University of Chicago. Subseries 1.4: Clippings contains newspaper and magazine clippings about Buchanan, including articles about his work, interviews, and reports on events he attended.","Series 2: Correspondence (1951-2014) contains letters, emails, memoranda, cards, and other forms of written communication, mostly dealing with Buchanan's professional career. Subseries 2.1: Alphabetical correspondence contains the bulk of the correspondence, filed alphabetically by correspondent, subject, or name of an organization. Subseries 2.2: Chronological correspondence is a small amount of unrelated correspondence that was grouped together in date ranges, likely by either Buchanan himself, or his assistants Betty Tillman and Jo Ann Burgess.","Series 3: Writings (1946-2012) contains drafts, typescripts, photocopies, notes, and reprints of Buchanan's books, articles, speaking lectures, and unpublished material. There are also research files relating to some of his writing projects, and some correspondence with publishers, coauthors, and reviewers.","Series 4: Academia (1946-2013) contains correspondence, reports, planning documents, and grant files relating to Buchanan's work at various universities, primarily University of Virginia, Virginia Polytechnic Institute (now Virginia Tech), and George Mason University. Subseries 4.1: Administration contains reports, memoranda, correspondence, photographs, calendars, and planning documents relating to department and university business. Subseries 4.2: Teaching contains lecture notes, drafts, syllabi, exams, and readings relating to classes taught by Buchanan over the course of his career. Subseries 4.3: Grants contains correspondence and applications for grant projects undertaken by Buchanan and collaborators. Subseries 4.4: Thomas Jefferson Center for Studies in Political Economy contains annual reports, photographs, and correspondence from the University of Virginia's Thomas Jefferson Center, which was active from 1958 to 1968. Subseries 4.5: Center for Study of Public Choice contains annual reports, conference information, grants, planning documents, board meeting minutes, and correspondence relating to the Center, an academic unit at Virginia Polytechnic Institute from 1968 to 1983 and at George Mason University from 1983 onwards.","Series 5: Professional Service (1958-2013) This series contains materials relating to Buchanan's professional activities outside of his university responsibilities. Subseries 5.1: Conferences and events contains correspondence, schedules, planning documents, papers and lecture notes, and travel documents from conferences, speaking engagements, and other events attended by Buchanan during his career. Subseries 5.2: Consulting and organizations contains annual reports and correspondence relating to Buchanan's work with various organizations outside of his work as a university professor.","Series 6: Betty Tillman papers (1968-2008) contains files created by Betty Tillman, administrative assistant to Buchanan and administrative director of the Center for Study of Public Choice. Subseries 6.1: Correspondence contains letters, emails, memoranda, and cards sent and received by Tillman. Subseries 6.2: Office administration contains planning documents, organizational files, and other materials relating to Tillman's handling of Buchanan's and Center for the Study of Public Choice office functions. Subseries 6.3: Conferences, events and travel contains correspondence, calendars, schedules, and travel documents relating to events attended by Buchanan, coordinated by Tillman. It also contains materials created by Tillman as the conference coordinator for the Liberty Fund and Center conferences and events.","Series 7: Jo Ann Burgess papers (1972-2014) contains files created by Jo Ann Burgess, administrative assistant and editor to Buchanan and secretary for the Public Choice Society. Subseries 7.1: Correspondence contains emails, letters, cards, notes, and memoranda, both personal and relating to Burgess' work with Buchanan and the Center for Study of Public Choice. Subseries 7.2: Office administration contains correspondence, calendars, notes, program files, and edited drafts created as part of Burgess' duties working for the Center for Study of Public Choice and as an assistant to Buchanan. Subseries 7.3: Liberty Fund editorial work contains planning documents, correspondence, and drafts created as part of Burgess' work editing The Collected Works of James M. Buchanan and The Selected Works of Gordon Tullock on behalf of the Liberty Fund. Subseries 7.4: Public Choice Society contains correspondence, conference planning documents, and administrative files created as part of Burgess' work as the secretary of the Public Choice Society, a professional organization.","Series 8: Writings by others (1930-2014) contains articles, book drafts, and other writings by authors other than Buchanan. Some materials have notes and annotations. Some writings are about Buchanan and his ideas.","Series 9: Audiovisual and born-digital materials (circa 1970s-2013) contains audiocassettes, videotapes, CDs, DVDs, floppy disks, and associated paper materials. Topics include recordings of the Nobel ceremony and press coverage; interviews and lectures by Buchanan and others and Center for Study of Public Choice events.","The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)","The James M. Buchanan papers consist of materials created primarily by economist James M. Buchanan (1919-2013) from the years 1936-2014. There are also materials created by the Center for Study of Public Choice, an academic unit associated with Virginia Tech (1969-1983) and George Mason University (1983-). The papers document Buchanan's career and academic output, primarily in the field of public choice economics and political economy.","R 101 - 102\n\nOS R 1, C 3, S 3-5\nMap Case 24.1","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","George Mason University. Center for Study of Public Choice","Public Choice Society","Buchanan, Ann Bakke","Buchanan, James M.","Burgess, Jo Ann S.","Tillman, Betty H.","The bulk of the materials are in English. Additional languages in the collection include German, Italian, French, Spanish, Norwegian, Dutch, Turkish, Japanese, Korean, and Chinese."],"collection_title_tesim":["James M. Buchanan papers, 1800/2014"],"collection_ssim":["James M. Buchanan papers, 1800/2014"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0246","/repositories/2/resources/367"],"unitid_tesim":["C0246","/repositories/2/resources/367"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"creator_ssm":["Buchanan, Ann Bakke","Buchanan, James M.","Burgess, Jo Ann S.","Tillman, Betty H."],"creator_ssim":["Buchanan, Ann Bakke","Buchanan, James M.","Burgess, Jo Ann S.","Tillman, Betty H."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Buchanan, Ann Bakke","Buchanan, James M.","Burgess, Jo Ann S.","Tillman, Betty H."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","George Mason University. Center for Study of Public Choice","Public Choice Society"],"creators_ssim":["Buchanan, Ann Bakke","Buchanan, James M.","Burgess, Jo Ann S.","Tillman, Betty H.","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","George Mason University. Center for Study of Public Choice","Public Choice Society"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Acquired by George Mason University Special Collections Research Center in September 2016. Additional materials acquired in April 2021."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Economics","Economists -- United States","Nobel Prize winners","Social choice","Correspondence","Manuscripts","Typescripts","Video recordings"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Economics","Economists -- United States","Nobel Prize winners","Social choice","Correspondence","Manuscripts","Typescripts","Video recordings"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["270 Linear Feet 546 boxes, one map case"],"extent_tesim":["270 Linear Feet 546 boxes, one map case"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence","Manuscripts","Typescripts","Video recordings"],"date_range_isim":[1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\nCertain materials in the collection are restricted due to FERPA requirements and personally identifiable information. Letters of recommendation are restricted for 40 years from creation. Please see inventory for details.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMost of the materials in Series 9 were digitized. Please reach out to SCRC to access these materials.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThere are no other access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAll If your request requires more research support, we recommend hiring someone to assist you on-site. Remote digitization requests will be evaluated based on the material content and our ability to provide copies.\u003c/p\u003e\n  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Certain materials in the collection are restricted due to FERPA requirements and personally identifiable information. Letters of recommendation are restricted for 40 years from creation. Please see inventory for details.","Most of the materials in Series 9 were digitized. Please reach out to SCRC to access these materials.","There are no other access restrictions.","All If your request requires more research support, we recommend hiring someone to assist you on-site. Remote digitization requests will be evaluated based on the material content and our ability to provide copies."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged in nine series.\u003c/p\u003e    ","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003chead\u003eSeries\u003c/head\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 1: Biographical materials\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 2: Correspondence\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 3: Writings\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 4: Academia\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 5: Professional service\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 6: Betty Tillman papers\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 7: Jo Ann Burgess papers\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 8: Writings by others\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 9: Audiovisual and born-digital materials\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged in nine series.","Series\n      Series 1: Biographical materials\n      Series 2: Correspondence\n      Series 3: Writings\n      Series 4: Academia\n      Series 5: Professional service\n      Series 6: Betty Tillman papers\n      Series 7: Jo Ann Burgess papers\n      Series 8: Writings by others\n      Series 9: Audiovisual and born-digital materials"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJames McGill Buchanan, Jr. was born on October 3, 1919 in Gum, Tennessee to Lila Scott (1889-1953) and James McGill Buchanan, Sr. (1888-1979). He had two younger sisters, Lila Scott Buchanan Graue (1922-2020) and Elizabeth Bradley. His paternal grandfather, John P. Buchanan (1847-1930), was a one-term governor of Tennessee from 1891 to 1893. James M. Buchanan attended Buchanan High School. He triple-majored in English, mathematics, and economics at Middle Tennessee State University from 1936 to 1940. He received a Master's of the Arts in economics from the University of Tennessee, Knoxville in 1941. Buchanan then attended the Naval War College and served on the operations staff of Admiral Chester W. Nimitz from 1941 to 1945. In that role, he was stationed in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, and Guam. He met his wife, Ann Bakke (August 21, 1909-November 14, 2005) in 1943. She was born in Jamestown, North Dakota. She served with the Army Air Transport Command at Hickham Field, Oahu. In 1945 the couple married in San Francisco, California. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrom 1946 to 1948 Buchanan attended the University of Chicago, where he graduated with a Ph.D. in economics. After graduation, he taught at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville as an associate professor from 1948 to 1951, and then as a full professor at Florida State University, Tallahassee from 1951 to 1956. In 1955 he was awarded a Fulbright fellowship to study in Italy for a year. In 1956 he was hired at the University of Virginia as the chair of the economics department. It was there that he co-founded the Thomas Jefferson Center for Studies in Political Economy in 1958. That same year, he published \u003ctitle\u003ePublic Principles of Public Debt\u003c/title\u003e. In 1962, Buchanan and co-author Gordon Tullock published \u003ctitle\u003eThe Calculus of Consent\u003c/title\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBuchanan worked at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) for one academic year (1968-1969) as a professor of economics. In 1969 he was hired at Virginia Polytechnic Institute (VPI, now known as Virginia Tech), as a University Distinguished Professor. He became general director of the Center for Study of Public Choice, the successor institution to the Thomas Jefferson Center for Political Economy. Buchanan continued to publish books during his time at VPI, including \u003ctitle\u003eCost and Choice\u003c/title\u003e (1969), \u003ctitle\u003eAcademia in Anarchy\u003c/title\u003e with Nicos Devletoglou (1970), \u003ctitle\u003eThe Limits of Liberty\u003c/title\u003e (1975), and \u003ctitle\u003eThe Power to Tax\u003c/title\u003e with Geoffrey Brennan (1980). \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1983, Buchanan and the Center for the Study of Public Choice moved from VPI to George Mason University in Fairfax, Virginia. After the move, he split his time between Fairfax and his farm in Blacksburg, Virginia. In 1986, Buchanan was awarded the Nobel Memorial Prize in economics. While at Mason, he published \u003ctitle\u003eThe Reason of Rules\u003c/title\u003e (1985), \u003ctitle\u003eBetter than Plowing\u003c/title\u003e (1992), and \u003ctitle\u003ePolitics by Principle, Not Interest\u003c/title\u003e with Roger Congleton (1998). He formally retired from Mason in September 1999 but continued to work both at Mason and Virginia Tech until his death on January 9, 2013. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBuchanan was known for his contribution to the field of public choice, which uses economic principles to analyze the rules and actions of government and public sector. It was this theory which led to his Nobel award. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBorn on March 19, 1927, Betty Jane Hall Tillman (also known as Betty Ross from 1977 to 1984) received an associate's degree from The Jefferson School of Commerce at Charlottesville, Virginia in 1945. She worked for Buchanan at the University of Virginia from August 14, 1961 to August 1969, at VPI from September 1, 1969 to June 1983, and at George Mason University from July 1, 1983 until her retirement in April 2007. Tillman had multiple responsibilities including handling Buchanan's correspondence, scheduling his events, coordinating Liberty Fund conferences, organizing activities at the Center for Study of Public Choice, and assisting graduate students and faculty associated with the Center. At the time of her retirement her position was administrative director of the Center for Study of Public Choice. She had three children. Tillman died on October 2, 2013.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJo Ann Burgess was born on June 27, 1948. She began work at the Center for the Study of Public Choice at George Mason University in 1989. Previously, Burgess lived around the world working for the State Department and the U.S military. She had four children with her husband, Roger. Burgess had many varied responsibilities at the Center including organizing Buchanan's archival papers, and administrative duties for the Public Choice Society. She edited Buchanan's published work in the 1990s and 2000s, including editing \u003ctitle\u003eThe Collected Works of James Buchanan\u003c/title\u003e and \u003ctitle\u003eThe Selected Works of Gordon Tullock\u003c/title\u003e for the Liberty Fund. After Tillman's retirement, Burgess took on additional responsibilities related to handling Buchanan's correspondence and scheduling, and additional administrative duties at the Center. Burgess retired in the summer of 2014. She died on March 19, 2020.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical and Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["James McGill Buchanan, Jr. was born on October 3, 1919 in Gum, Tennessee to Lila Scott (1889-1953) and James McGill Buchanan, Sr. (1888-1979). He had two younger sisters, Lila Scott Buchanan Graue (1922-2020) and Elizabeth Bradley. His paternal grandfather, John P. Buchanan (1847-1930), was a one-term governor of Tennessee from 1891 to 1893. James M. Buchanan attended Buchanan High School. He triple-majored in English, mathematics, and economics at Middle Tennessee State University from 1936 to 1940. He received a Master's of the Arts in economics from the University of Tennessee, Knoxville in 1941. Buchanan then attended the Naval War College and served on the operations staff of Admiral Chester W. Nimitz from 1941 to 1945. In that role, he was stationed in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, and Guam. He met his wife, Ann Bakke (August 21, 1909-November 14, 2005) in 1943. She was born in Jamestown, North Dakota. She served with the Army Air Transport Command at Hickham Field, Oahu. In 1945 the couple married in San Francisco, California.","From 1946 to 1948 Buchanan attended the University of Chicago, where he graduated with a Ph.D. in economics. After graduation, he taught at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville as an associate professor from 1948 to 1951, and then as a full professor at Florida State University, Tallahassee from 1951 to 1956. In 1955 he was awarded a Fulbright fellowship to study in Italy for a year. In 1956 he was hired at the University of Virginia as the chair of the economics department. It was there that he co-founded the Thomas Jefferson Center for Studies in Political Economy in 1958. That same year, he published Public Principles of Public Debt. In 1962, Buchanan and co-author Gordon Tullock published The Calculus of Consent.","Buchanan worked at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) for one academic year (1968-1969) as a professor of economics. In 1969 he was hired at Virginia Polytechnic Institute (VPI, now known as Virginia Tech), as a University Distinguished Professor. He became general director of the Center for Study of Public Choice, the successor institution to the Thomas Jefferson Center for Political Economy. Buchanan continued to publish books during his time at VPI, including Cost and Choice (1969), Academia in Anarchy with Nicos Devletoglou (1970), The Limits of Liberty (1975), and The Power to Tax with Geoffrey Brennan (1980).","In 1983, Buchanan and the Center for the Study of Public Choice moved from VPI to George Mason University in Fairfax, Virginia. After the move, he split his time between Fairfax and his farm in Blacksburg, Virginia. In 1986, Buchanan was awarded the Nobel Memorial Prize in economics. While at Mason, he published The Reason of Rules (1985), Better than Plowing (1992), and Politics by Principle, Not Interest with Roger Congleton (1998). He formally retired from Mason in September 1999 but continued to work both at Mason and Virginia Tech until his death on January 9, 2013.","Buchanan was known for his contribution to the field of public choice, which uses economic principles to analyze the rules and actions of government and public sector. It was this theory which led to his Nobel award.","Born on March 19, 1927, Betty Jane Hall Tillman (also known as Betty Ross from 1977 to 1984) received an associate's degree from The Jefferson School of Commerce at Charlottesville, Virginia in 1945. She worked for Buchanan at the University of Virginia from August 14, 1961 to August 1969, at VPI from September 1, 1969 to June 1983, and at George Mason University from July 1, 1983 until her retirement in April 2007. Tillman had multiple responsibilities including handling Buchanan's correspondence, scheduling his events, coordinating Liberty Fund conferences, organizing activities at the Center for Study of Public Choice, and assisting graduate students and faculty associated with the Center. At the time of her retirement her position was administrative director of the Center for Study of Public Choice. She had three children. Tillman died on October 2, 2013.","Jo Ann Burgess was born on June 27, 1948. She began work at the Center for the Study of Public Choice at George Mason University in 1989. Previously, Burgess lived around the world working for the State Department and the U.S military. She had four children with her husband, Roger. Burgess had many varied responsibilities at the Center including organizing Buchanan's archival papers, and administrative duties for the Public Choice Society. She edited Buchanan's published work in the 1990s and 2000s, including editing The Collected Works of James Buchanan and The Selected Works of Gordon Tullock for the Liberty Fund. After Tillman's retirement, Burgess took on additional responsibilities related to handling Buchanan's correspondence and scheduling, and additional administrative duties at the Center. Burgess retired in the summer of 2014. She died on March 19, 2020."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJames M. Buchanan papers, C0246, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["James M. Buchanan papers, C0246, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection was processed by Rebecca Thayer as part of a National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH) grant project from March 2021 to March 2023.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInitial processing of the collection was begun after James M. Buchanan's death in 2013, while the papers were at Buchanan House (also known as Roberts House), where the offices of Buchanan, Betty Tillman, Jo Ann Burgess, and the Center for Study of Public Choice were then located. Processing at this time was done by Greta Suiter, then-Processing Coordinator at the Special Collections Research Center (SCRC), and Solomon Stein, then-economics PhD student at Mason. Stein and Suiter established an initial arrangement scheme and began foldering and sorting materials accordingly. Elizabeth Beckman, then-Processing Coordinator, continued arrangement and refoldering work alongside Stein at Buchanan House from 2014 to 2016. 145 linear feet of materials were ultimately arranged during this time. The following series were created: Correspondence, Academic (Subseries: Courses taken and Courses taught), Conferences (Subseries: Conferences attended and Conferences held), Writings, Articles Read, and Administrative.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMaterials were boxed up and brought to Fenwick in Spring 2017. Beckman completed EAD markup of a preliminary finding aid with the processed materials in June 2017. Processing was paused in 2017 to apply for a NEH grant to hire a dedicated processing archivist. The grant was approved to start in 2020 but was delayed for several months due to the COVID-19 pandemic.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRebecca Thayer was hired in March 2021 to process the collection. She surveyed the arranged part of the collection (145 linear feet) and the unprocessed part (147 linear feet) to create a processing plan. This plan included adjustments to the original arrangement scheme based on material in the unprocessed section of the papers. A large number of the eventual Jo Ann Burgess papers series materials were in the unprocessed section of the collection, although the unprocessed section did contain materials from all series. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe prior arrangement scheme did not preserve Tillman and Burgess' files as discrete series, so it is likely that some materials created by Tillman or Burgess were dispersed into the various other series. Some materials in the correspondence series especially which were obviously correspondence involving only Tillman, Burgess, or Ann Bakke Buchanan, were removed to their respective series and subseries. However, Thayer did not attempt a systematic review of materials in other series such as Professional Services and Academia in order to separate out Tillman and Burgess-created files from Buchanan-created files. This has resulted in some significant overlap between those series and the Betty Tillman papers and Jo Ann Burgess papers series. This does reflect the significant overlap in work responsibilities of Tillman, Burgess, Buchanan, and the Center as seen in the materials. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProcessors prior to the NEH grant appear to have filed out materials that were originally grouped in large miscellaneous folders. Buchanan, Tillman, and Burgess do not seem to have created many files with only one or two emails or letters, preferring larger bulk folders. However, in the collection there are now many individual folders with correspondents that seem to have been created from larger files. No additional filing out of material was done under the NEH grant.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThayer arranged the unprocessed materials and reprocessed the previously arranged materials, combining the two. Mason Graduate Research Assistant Rachel Barton and undergraduate assistants Colin McDonald and Vilma Chicas Garcia assisted with arrangement, reboxing, and inventory creation. Amanda Menjivar, Manuscripts and Archives Librarian, assisted with finding aid data entry and publishing.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["This collection was processed by Rebecca Thayer as part of a National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH) grant project from March 2021 to March 2023.","Initial processing of the collection was begun after James M. Buchanan's death in 2013, while the papers were at Buchanan House (also known as Roberts House), where the offices of Buchanan, Betty Tillman, Jo Ann Burgess, and the Center for Study of Public Choice were then located. Processing at this time was done by Greta Suiter, then-Processing Coordinator at the Special Collections Research Center (SCRC), and Solomon Stein, then-economics PhD student at Mason. Stein and Suiter established an initial arrangement scheme and began foldering and sorting materials accordingly. Elizabeth Beckman, then-Processing Coordinator, continued arrangement and refoldering work alongside Stein at Buchanan House from 2014 to 2016. 145 linear feet of materials were ultimately arranged during this time. The following series were created: Correspondence, Academic (Subseries: Courses taken and Courses taught), Conferences (Subseries: Conferences attended and Conferences held), Writings, Articles Read, and Administrative.","Materials were boxed up and brought to Fenwick in Spring 2017. Beckman completed EAD markup of a preliminary finding aid with the processed materials in June 2017. Processing was paused in 2017 to apply for a NEH grant to hire a dedicated processing archivist. The grant was approved to start in 2020 but was delayed for several months due to the COVID-19 pandemic.","Rebecca Thayer was hired in March 2021 to process the collection. She surveyed the arranged part of the collection (145 linear feet) and the unprocessed part (147 linear feet) to create a processing plan. This plan included adjustments to the original arrangement scheme based on material in the unprocessed section of the papers. A large number of the eventual Jo Ann Burgess papers series materials were in the unprocessed section of the collection, although the unprocessed section did contain materials from all series.","The prior arrangement scheme did not preserve Tillman and Burgess' files as discrete series, so it is likely that some materials created by Tillman or Burgess were dispersed into the various other series. Some materials in the correspondence series especially which were obviously correspondence involving only Tillman, Burgess, or Ann Bakke Buchanan, were removed to their respective series and subseries. However, Thayer did not attempt a systematic review of materials in other series such as Professional Services and Academia in order to separate out Tillman and Burgess-created files from Buchanan-created files. This has resulted in some significant overlap between those series and the Betty Tillman papers and Jo Ann Burgess papers series. This does reflect the significant overlap in work responsibilities of Tillman, Burgess, Buchanan, and the Center as seen in the materials.","Processors prior to the NEH grant appear to have filed out materials that were originally grouped in large miscellaneous folders. Buchanan, Tillman, and Burgess do not seem to have created many files with only one or two emails or letters, preferring larger bulk folders. However, in the collection there are now many individual folders with correspondents that seem to have been created from larger files. No additional filing out of material was done under the NEH grant.","Thayer arranged the unprocessed materials and reprocessed the previously arranged materials, combining the two. Mason Graduate Research Assistant Rachel Barton and undergraduate assistants Colin McDonald and Vilma Chicas Garcia assisted with arrangement, reboxing, and inventory creation. Amanda Menjivar, Manuscripts and Archives Librarian, assisted with finding aid data entry and publishing."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe James M. Buchanan papers largely consist of correspondence, writings, and administrative files created between the years 1930-2014. The collection contains 9 series.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1: Biographical materials (circa 1800s, 1944-2012) contains information about James M. Buchanan's life and career. It is further divided into four subseries. Subseries 1.1: Ann Bakke Buchanan papers contains materials created by Ann Bakke Buchanan, James M. Buchanan's wife. Materials include correspondence, recipe cards, notebooks, calendars, and photographs. Some of the correspondence is in Norwegian, and some addressed to both James and Ann as a couple. Subseries 1.2: Awards contains newspapers clippings, congratulatory letters, photographs, and memorabilia relating to awards Buchanan received during his career. The majority of the materials relate to the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics. Subseries 1.3: Education contains study notes, essays, syllabi, and research notes from Buchanan's education, mostly from his PhD study at the University of Chicago. Subseries 1.4: Clippings contains newspaper and magazine clippings about Buchanan, including articles about his work, interviews, and reports on events he attended.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2: Correspondence (1951-2014) contains letters, emails, memoranda, cards, and other forms of written communication, mostly dealing with Buchanan's professional career. Subseries 2.1: Alphabetical correspondence contains the bulk of the correspondence, filed alphabetically by correspondent, subject, or name of an organization. Subseries 2.2: Chronological correspondence is a small amount of unrelated correspondence that was grouped together in date ranges, likely by either Buchanan himself, or his assistants Betty Tillman and Jo Ann Burgess.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 3: Writings (1946-2012) contains drafts, typescripts, photocopies, notes, and reprints of Buchanan's books, articles, speaking lectures, and unpublished material. There are also research files relating to some of his writing projects, and some correspondence with publishers, coauthors, and reviewers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 4: Academia (1946-2013) contains correspondence, reports, planning documents, and grant files relating to Buchanan's work at various universities, primarily University of Virginia, Virginia Polytechnic Institute (now Virginia Tech), and George Mason University. Subseries 4.1: Administration contains reports, memoranda, correspondence, photographs, calendars, and planning documents relating to department and university business. Subseries 4.2: Teaching contains lecture notes, drafts, syllabi, exams, and readings relating to classes taught by Buchanan over the course of his career. Subseries 4.3: Grants contains correspondence and applications for grant projects undertaken by Buchanan and collaborators. Subseries 4.4: Thomas Jefferson Center for Studies in Political Economy contains annual reports, photographs, and correspondence from the University of Virginia's Thomas Jefferson Center, which was active from 1958 to 1968. Subseries 4.5: Center for Study of Public Choice contains annual reports, conference information, grants, planning documents, board meeting minutes, and correspondence relating to the Center, an academic unit at Virginia Polytechnic Institute from 1968 to 1983 and at George Mason University from 1983 onwards.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 5: Professional Service (1958-2013) This series contains materials relating to Buchanan's professional activities outside of his university responsibilities. Subseries 5.1: Conferences and events contains correspondence, schedules, planning documents, papers and lecture notes, and travel documents from conferences, speaking engagements, and other events attended by Buchanan during his career. Subseries 5.2: Consulting and organizations contains annual reports and correspondence relating to Buchanan's work with various organizations outside of his work as a university professor. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 6: Betty Tillman papers (1968-2008) contains files created by Betty Tillman, administrative assistant to Buchanan and administrative director of the Center for Study of Public Choice. Subseries 6.1: Correspondence contains letters, emails, memoranda, and cards sent and received by Tillman. Subseries 6.2: Office administration contains planning documents, organizational files, and other materials relating to Tillman's handling of Buchanan's and Center for the Study of Public Choice office functions. Subseries 6.3: Conferences, events and travel contains correspondence, calendars, schedules, and travel documents relating to events attended by Buchanan, coordinated by Tillman. It also contains materials created by Tillman as the conference coordinator for the Liberty Fund and Center conferences and events.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 7: Jo Ann Burgess papers (1972-2014) contains files created by Jo Ann Burgess, administrative assistant and editor to Buchanan and secretary for the Public Choice Society. Subseries 7.1: Correspondence contains emails, letters, cards, notes, and memoranda, both personal and relating to Burgess' work with Buchanan and the Center for Study of Public Choice. Subseries 7.2: Office administration contains correspondence, calendars, notes, program files, and edited drafts created as part of Burgess' duties working for the Center for Study of Public Choice and as an assistant to Buchanan. Subseries 7.3: Liberty Fund editorial work contains planning documents, correspondence, and drafts created as part of Burgess' work editing \u003citalic\u003eThe Collected Works of James M. Buchanan\u003c/italic\u003e and \u003citalic\u003eThe Selected Works of Gordon Tullock\u003c/italic\u003e on behalf of the Liberty Fund. Subseries 7.4: Public Choice Society contains correspondence, conference planning documents, and administrative files created as part of Burgess' work as the secretary of the Public Choice Society, a professional organization. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 8: Writings by others (1930-2014) contains articles, book drafts, and other writings by authors other than Buchanan. Some materials have notes and annotations. Some writings are about Buchanan and his ideas. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 9: Audiovisual and born-digital materials (circa 1970s-2013) contains audiocassettes, videotapes, CDs, DVDs, floppy disks, and associated paper materials. Topics include recordings of the Nobel ceremony and press coverage; interviews and lectures by Buchanan and others and Center for Study of Public Choice events.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The James M. Buchanan papers largely consist of correspondence, writings, and administrative files created between the years 1930-2014. The collection contains 9 series.","Series 1: Biographical materials (circa 1800s, 1944-2012) contains information about James M. Buchanan's life and career. It is further divided into four subseries. Subseries 1.1: Ann Bakke Buchanan papers contains materials created by Ann Bakke Buchanan, James M. Buchanan's wife. Materials include correspondence, recipe cards, notebooks, calendars, and photographs. Some of the correspondence is in Norwegian, and some addressed to both James and Ann as a couple. Subseries 1.2: Awards contains newspapers clippings, congratulatory letters, photographs, and memorabilia relating to awards Buchanan received during his career. The majority of the materials relate to the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics. Subseries 1.3: Education contains study notes, essays, syllabi, and research notes from Buchanan's education, mostly from his PhD study at the University of Chicago. Subseries 1.4: Clippings contains newspaper and magazine clippings about Buchanan, including articles about his work, interviews, and reports on events he attended.","Series 2: Correspondence (1951-2014) contains letters, emails, memoranda, cards, and other forms of written communication, mostly dealing with Buchanan's professional career. Subseries 2.1: Alphabetical correspondence contains the bulk of the correspondence, filed alphabetically by correspondent, subject, or name of an organization. Subseries 2.2: Chronological correspondence is a small amount of unrelated correspondence that was grouped together in date ranges, likely by either Buchanan himself, or his assistants Betty Tillman and Jo Ann Burgess.","Series 3: Writings (1946-2012) contains drafts, typescripts, photocopies, notes, and reprints of Buchanan's books, articles, speaking lectures, and unpublished material. There are also research files relating to some of his writing projects, and some correspondence with publishers, coauthors, and reviewers.","Series 4: Academia (1946-2013) contains correspondence, reports, planning documents, and grant files relating to Buchanan's work at various universities, primarily University of Virginia, Virginia Polytechnic Institute (now Virginia Tech), and George Mason University. Subseries 4.1: Administration contains reports, memoranda, correspondence, photographs, calendars, and planning documents relating to department and university business. Subseries 4.2: Teaching contains lecture notes, drafts, syllabi, exams, and readings relating to classes taught by Buchanan over the course of his career. Subseries 4.3: Grants contains correspondence and applications for grant projects undertaken by Buchanan and collaborators. Subseries 4.4: Thomas Jefferson Center for Studies in Political Economy contains annual reports, photographs, and correspondence from the University of Virginia's Thomas Jefferson Center, which was active from 1958 to 1968. Subseries 4.5: Center for Study of Public Choice contains annual reports, conference information, grants, planning documents, board meeting minutes, and correspondence relating to the Center, an academic unit at Virginia Polytechnic Institute from 1968 to 1983 and at George Mason University from 1983 onwards.","Series 5: Professional Service (1958-2013) This series contains materials relating to Buchanan's professional activities outside of his university responsibilities. Subseries 5.1: Conferences and events contains correspondence, schedules, planning documents, papers and lecture notes, and travel documents from conferences, speaking engagements, and other events attended by Buchanan during his career. Subseries 5.2: Consulting and organizations contains annual reports and correspondence relating to Buchanan's work with various organizations outside of his work as a university professor.","Series 6: Betty Tillman papers (1968-2008) contains files created by Betty Tillman, administrative assistant to Buchanan and administrative director of the Center for Study of Public Choice. Subseries 6.1: Correspondence contains letters, emails, memoranda, and cards sent and received by Tillman. Subseries 6.2: Office administration contains planning documents, organizational files, and other materials relating to Tillman's handling of Buchanan's and Center for the Study of Public Choice office functions. Subseries 6.3: Conferences, events and travel contains correspondence, calendars, schedules, and travel documents relating to events attended by Buchanan, coordinated by Tillman. It also contains materials created by Tillman as the conference coordinator for the Liberty Fund and Center conferences and events.","Series 7: Jo Ann Burgess papers (1972-2014) contains files created by Jo Ann Burgess, administrative assistant and editor to Buchanan and secretary for the Public Choice Society. Subseries 7.1: Correspondence contains emails, letters, cards, notes, and memoranda, both personal and relating to Burgess' work with Buchanan and the Center for Study of Public Choice. Subseries 7.2: Office administration contains correspondence, calendars, notes, program files, and edited drafts created as part of Burgess' duties working for the Center for Study of Public Choice and as an assistant to Buchanan. Subseries 7.3: Liberty Fund editorial work contains planning documents, correspondence, and drafts created as part of Burgess' work editing The Collected Works of James M. Buchanan and The Selected Works of Gordon Tullock on behalf of the Liberty Fund. Subseries 7.4: Public Choice Society contains correspondence, conference planning documents, and administrative files created as part of Burgess' work as the secretary of the Public Choice Society, a professional organization.","Series 8: Writings by others (1930-2014) contains articles, book drafts, and other writings by authors other than Buchanan. Some materials have notes and annotations. Some writings are about Buchanan and his ideas.","Series 9: Audiovisual and born-digital materials (circa 1970s-2013) contains audiocassettes, videotapes, CDs, DVDs, floppy disks, and associated paper materials. Topics include recordings of the Nobel ceremony and press coverage; interviews and lectures by Buchanan and others and Center for Study of Public Choice events."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_0bc2473150c319436276a1da8ef369a9\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe James M. Buchanan papers consist of materials created primarily by economist James M. Buchanan (1919-2013) from the years 1936-2014. There are also materials created by the Center for Study of Public Choice, an academic unit associated with Virginia Tech (1969-1983) and George Mason University (1983-). The papers document Buchanan's career and academic output, primarily in the field of public choice economics and political economy.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The James M. Buchanan papers consist of materials created primarily by economist James M. Buchanan (1919-2013) from the years 1936-2014. There are also materials created by the Center for Study of Public Choice, an academic unit associated with Virginia Tech (1969-1983) and George Mason University (1983-). The papers document Buchanan's career and academic output, primarily in the field of public choice economics and political economy."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_b0c53c39bdb12bf69a095c3db88292a9\"\u003e\nR 101 - 102\n\nOS R 1, C 3, S 3-5\nMap Case 24.1\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["R 101 - 102\n\nOS R 1, C 3, S 3-5\nMap Case 24.1"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","George Mason University. Center for Study of Public Choice","Public Choice Society"],"names_coll_ssim":["George Mason University. Center for Study of Public Choice","Public Choice Society"],"persname_ssim":["Buchanan, Ann Bakke","Buchanan, James M.","Burgess, Jo Ann S.","Tillman, Betty H."],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","George Mason University. Center for Study of Public Choice","Public Choice Society","Buchanan, Ann Bakke","Buchanan, James M.","Burgess, Jo Ann S.","Tillman, Betty H."],"language_ssim":["The bulk of the materials are in English. Additional languages in the collection include German, Italian, French, Spanish, Norwegian, Dutch, Turkish, Japanese, Korean, and Chinese."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":8943,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:34:42.576Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_367_c03_c1822"}},{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_651_c02_c02_c62","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"World Day of Prayer materials, 1955/1979","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_651_c02_c02_c62#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_651_c02_c02_c62","ref_ssm":["vifgm_repositories_2_resources_651_c02_c02_c62"],"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_651_c02_c02_c62","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_651","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_651","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_651_c02_c02","parent_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_651_c02_c02","parent_ssim":["Lavinia Scott papers, 1998","Series 2: Professional activities, 1885/1997","Sub-series 2: United Church of Christ, 1919/1997"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vifgm_repositories_2_resources_651","vifgm_repositories_2_resources_651_c02","vifgm_repositories_2_resources_651_c02_c02"],"title_filing_ssi":"World Day of Prayer materials","title_ssm":["World Day of Prayer materials"],"title_tesim":["World Day of Prayer materials"],"normalized_title_ssm":["World Day of Prayer materials, 1955/1979"],"text":["World Day of Prayer materials, 1955/1979","Lavinia Scott papers, 1998","Series 2: Professional activities, 1885/1997","Sub-series 2: United Church of Christ, 1919/1997","box 22","folder 18"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Lavinia Scott papers, 1998","Series 2: Professional activities, 1885/1997","Sub-series 2: United Church of Christ, 1919/1997"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Lavinia Scott papers, 1998","Series 2: Professional activities, 1885/1997","Sub-series 2: United Church of Christ, 1919/1997"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1955/1979"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["February 25, 1955, March 5, 1976, March 2, 1979"],"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"component_level_isim":[3],"sort_isi":540,"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"collection_ssim":["Lavinia Scott papers, 1998"],"containers_ssim":["box 22","folder 18"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Certain materials in the collection are restricted due to personally identifiable information."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"date_range_isim":[1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979],"_nest_path_":"/components#1/components#1/components#61","timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:35:13.746Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_651","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_651","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_651","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_651","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_651.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Lavinia Scott papers","title_ssm":["Lavinia Scott papers"],"title_tesim":["Lavinia Scott papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["circa 1860s-1998"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1860s-1998"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1998"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Lavinia Scott papers, 1998"],"text":["Lavinia Scott papers, 1998","C0506","/repositories/2/resources/651","South Africa","KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa)","South Africa -- Politics and government -- 20th century","Education, Higher","Nguni (African people)","Nguni languages","Missions, South African","Education -- South Africa","Women missionaries","Apartheid","Anti-apartheid movements -- South Africa","South African newspapers","Social justice -- Religious aspects -- Christianity","Zulu (African people)","Correspondence","Postcards","Photographs","Newspapers","Slides","Certain materials in the collection are restricted due to personally identifiable information.","The collection is arranged in seven series.","Series\n      Series 1: Correspondence\n      Series 2: Professional activities\n      Series 3: Personal materials\n      Series 4: Newspapers and periodicals\n      Series 5: Photographs and negatives\n      Series 6: Audiovisual materials\n      Series 7: South African artifacts","Lavinia Scott (also known as Clara Lavinia Scott) was born on March 21, 1907 in Yankton, South Dakota to George Harvey and Mary Maud Cole Scott. The youngest of four children, including the future Dr. Franklin Scott, Lavinia spent her life surrounded by education. As a child she attended local public schools, including Jacksonville High School, and in 1923 enrolled in a Bachelor's degree program at Illinois College, where her father served as a Dean for eight years before his sudden death in 1926. Lavinia graduated the following year (1927) with a B.A. in History and it was here that she began to devote her life to education full-time, securing a teaching position with Illinois' Harvard Community High School District Number 153 which she held for approximately two years.","Around the beginning of the 1930s, Lavinia's focus shifted from secular education to international educational missionary work. She enrolled in a Master's program with the Yale Divinity School and upon moving to Connecticut spent two years in training with the United Congregational Church in Bridgeport. In August 1932, less than two months after receiving her Master of Art's degree in June, Lavinia was assigned a teaching position at Adams College (formerly Amanzimtoti Institute) in South Africa under the direction of the Congregational Church affiliated American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions (ABCFM).","Lavinia remained at Adams College until she was transferred to nearby Inanda Seminary in 1936 where she assumed the role of Principal, a title which she held for over 30 years. During this time, she fought back against the South African government's discriminatory Apartheid policies, particularly the Bantu Education Act of 1953, which both significantly lowered the quality of education available to Black South Africans and removed government funding for private missionary schools. She also oversaw the school's Centenary Celebration in 1969, as well as several expansions to the campus, including the beginning of what would become the \"Lavinia Scott Chapel\". In 1969, she left Inanda Seminary, transferring to the newly formed Federal Theological Seminary where she returned to a teaching position until her formal retirement circa 1974.","While her retirement saw a return to the United States, ultimately assuming residence in Claremont, California, it did not mean the end of her mission work. For the next 20 years, Lavinia was an active speaker on behalf of the newly formed United Church of Christ as a South African mission representative for the United Church Board for World Ministries (UCBWM), formerly the ABCFM. She also continued her social justice advocacy, working on behalf of both domestic and international causes, including extensive work throughout the 1980s with the Claremont branch of the Task Force on Central America. Despite her busy schedule, Lavinia still found time to continue her love of traveling, including domestic trips with family and friends, and several returns to South Africa and Inanda Seminary.","While Lavinia never fully stopped her missionary work, she did eventually move to a UCC affiliated retirement community in Claremont known as Pilgrim Place where she lived until her passing on July 10, 1997 at the age of 90. She is buried near her family in Jacksonville's Diamond Grove Cemetery.","Processing completed by Meghan Glasbrenner from September 2022 - August 2023. Finding aid completed by Meghan Glasbrenner in August 2023.","Northwestern University holds the Lavinia Scott (1907-1997) Papers which consists mostly of correspondence, largely to Lavinia's mother Mary Maud Scott, as well as the full Franklin D. Scott (1901-1994) Papers. Harvard University holds several archival collections for the American Board of Commissioners of Foreign Missions divided by location, including the African missions records, as well as the Finding Aid for the Inanda Seminary Oral History Project completed between 2008 – 2010.","The Lavinia Scott papers largely consist of correspondence, reports, newspapers, promotional materials, magazines, speeches, sermons, writings, educational records, travel maps and postcards, photographs, and audiovisual materials created between circa 1860s-1998. The collection contains 7 series.","Series 1: Correspondence (circa 1860s, 1900s-1997) includes sent and received correspondence, both personal and professional. Types of correspondence include postcards, letters on stationary, airmail letters, greeting cards, Christmas and general holiday letters, and carbon copies of sent letters. While the majority of the correspondence is between Lavinia Scott and others, this series also includes correspondence received by others that was then passed on to Lavinia either for review or after their passing. The bulk of the correspondence covers the 1920s – 1970s, with a slight gap in coverage during the 1980s, and a shift to more general cards and holiday letters in the 1990s. This series is arranged alphabetically by correspondent last name, group title, or type of correspondence, such as Family letters sent by Lavinia during her years in South Africa.","Series 2: Professional activities (1885, 1917-1997) includes both direct and indirect materials related to Lavinia's professional life as a Christian missionary speaker and educator. It is further divided into two subseries. Subseries 1: South African mission (1885, 1917-1990s) includes all materials related to both Lavinia's direct education work in South Africa (such as reports, magazines, newsletters, promotional materials, yearbooks, speech/sermon drafts), materials related to both American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions and United Church Board for World Ministries themselves (reports, meeting minutes, policy guides, conference materials), and any general materials or writing related to South Africa, particularly regarding mission work and the fight against Apartheid. The bulk of the materials cover the 1930s – 1970s, with some more general materials from the 1980s – 1990s. This subseries is arranged alphabetically, primarily by organization name (including Adams College, Inanda Seminary, and Federal Theological Seminary) or material type. Writings were divided by title and arranged alphabetically by author's last name where possible. Subseries 2: United Church of Christ (1919 – 1997) includes all other professional materials related to Lavinia's work with the United Church of Christ, and the earlier Congregational Christian Church, not directly connected to the South African mission. These include materials from local Congregational and United Church of Christ congregations, general conference materials, extensive materials from Lavinia's involvement with the Central American Task Force in Claremont, CA, and general writings and speeches related to Christianity. The bulk of the materials cover the 1920s – 1930s and the 1970s – 1990s. Items are arranged alphabetically, primarily by organization name or material type. Writings were divided by title and arranged alphabetically by author's last name where possible. Newsletters and periodicals published by affiliated professional and/or religious organizations can be found in Series 4.","Series 3: Personal materials (1891, circa 1909-1998) includes materials related to Lavinia's personal life, including family, friends, and personal travels. It is further divided into three subseries. Subseries 1: Records and mementos (1891, circa 1909 – 1998) includes educational records, creative writings by Lavinia and others, souvenirs and other mementos, travel maps and brochures, personal and correspondence notes, and publications by Lavinia's brother Dr. Franklin Scott. Items are arranged alphabetically, primarily by creator, organization, or material type. Writings were divided by title and arranged alphabetically by author's last name where possible. Subseries 2: Souvenir and travel postcards (circa 1930s – 1980s) includes all non-correspondence souvenir postcards grouped together by general location, starting with non-South African international, followed by United States, South Africa, and general Africa. Postcards used for correspondence can be found in Series 1 and personal photographic postcards can be found in Series 5. Subseries 3: Daily diaries (1920 – 1997) consists of Lavinia's 45 individual personal daily diaries, arranged chronologically. Several diaries contain entries for multiple years.","Series 4: Newspapers and periodicals (1920s – 1997) includes news and periodical print publications and newsletters, both full text and selections, including many from South Africa in both English and Afrikaans. It is further divided into two subseries. Sub-series 1: Full text editions (1927 - 1997) includes all full editions of newspapers, magazines, and newsletters. Magazines and newsletters published by schools and colleges, such as Inanda Seminary and Illinois College, are kept in context and can be found in Series 2-3. Subseries 2: Clippings (1920s - 1997) includes article or section clippings from newspapers, magazines, and newsletters. Most articles cover social and political stories related to South Africa, Apartheid policies and resistance, Lavinia's speaking engagements or mission work, and members of the Scott and Stearns family, such as marriage announcements or community profiles.","Series 5: Photographs and negatives (circa 1870s – 1990s) includes photographs and negatives related to Lavinia's work and personal life. The contents cover a wide array of sizes and mediums, including gelatin prints, black and white and color snapshots, and color processed prints. Many, but not all, prints include some level of identifying inscription on the back, including stamps from local photographers. It is further divided into two subseries. Sub-series 1: South African mission (1930s – 1990s) includes photographs that document Lavinia's work as a missionary educator in South Africa. Major areas of coverage include Inanda Seminary, including campus development, Centennial Celebration, staff and student group and individual portraits, and visits by Lavinia and others after the 1970s, as well as Adams College, The Federal Theological Seminary, and visits by American Board of Commissioners of Foreign Missions representatives and South African political figures such as Chief Lutuli (also spelled Luthuli). Prints have been divided into groupings based on general size or type; further organization by subject has not been completed at this time. Sub-series 2: Personal travel (1920s – 1990s) includes photographs that document Lavinia's personal, non-mission related travel with family and friends mostly within the United States. Prints have been divided into groupings based on general size or type with some attempt at organization by location where possible based on identifying information provided. Sub-series 3: Family (1870s – 1990s) includes photographs of Lavinia's family and friends, including formal portraits. Prints have been divided into groupings based on general size or type with some attempt at organization by subject and/or time period where possible based on identifying information provided. Sub-series 4: Negatives (circa 1930s – 1990s) includes all negatives covering subjects from each of the three sub-series. Negatives have been grouped where possible by size and most do not include identifying information; further organization by subject has not been completed at this time.","Series 6: Audiovisual materials (circa 1930s – 1997) includes all audiovisual materials including photographic slides, both labeled and unlabeled cassette and VHS tapes, three professional .45 records, and one unlabeled Magnetophoband BASF reel to reel tape. Cassette and VHS contents reflect Lavinia's mission work in South Africa, including recordings of sermons and ceremonies at Inanda Seminary, sermons and speeches on various religious and social issues, and oral history interviews with mission workers such as Lou Ann Parsons, as well as 6-7 tapes containing an extensive interview with Lavinia herself. The bulk of these materials cover the 1970s – 1980s. Additionally, the photographic slides depict both South African mission work and Inanda Seminary, as well as personal family events and travels, including numerous souvenir professional slides from international locations. The bulk of these materials cover the 1950s – 1970s. All items in this series have been grouped by medium; some photographic slides include identifying information but, further organization by subject has not been completed at this time.","Series 7: South African artifacts (circa 1970s – 1980s) includes carvings, beadwork, and other artifacts likely purchased by or gifted to Lavinia during a return trip to South Africa that reflect Zulu cultural traditions and crafts.","The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)","The Lavinia Scott papers consist of materials created and collected by missionary educator Lavinia Scott (1907 – 1997) covering circa 1860s-1998. This includes materials created by the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions, the United Church Board for World Ministries, the United Church of Christ, and South Africa's Inanda Seminary. The collection covers Lavinia's personal and professional life working and living as a missionary educator in South Africa.","R 71, C 1, S 2 - S 5\n\nR 72, C 3, S 7\n\nR 72, C 4, S 2 - S 7\n\nMap Case 8.3\n\nOS R 2, C 1, S 3","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Adams College (Amanzimtoti, South Africa)","Amanzimtoti Institute","American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions","General Council of the Congregational Christian Churches of the United States","Illinois College","Inanda Seminary (Inanda, South Africa)","United Church Board for World Ministries","United Church of Christ","Scott, Lavinia, 1907-1997","Stearns, Peter N.","Luthuli, A. J. (Albert John), 1898-1967","Paton, Alan","Scott, Franklin D. (Franklin Daniel), 1901-1994","Wood, Agnes A., 1896-1998","English\n      Zulu\n      Afrikaans"],"collection_title_tesim":["Lavinia Scott papers, 1998"],"collection_ssim":["Lavinia Scott papers, 1998"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0506","/repositories/2/resources/651"],"unitid_tesim":["C0506","/repositories/2/resources/651"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"geogname_ssm":["South Africa","KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa)","South Africa -- Politics and government -- 20th century"],"geogname_ssim":["South Africa","KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa)","South Africa -- Politics and government -- 20th century"],"places_ssim":["South Africa","KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa)","South Africa -- Politics and government -- 20th century"],"creator_ssm":["Scott, Lavinia, 1907-1997","Stearns, Peter N."],"creator_ssim":["Scott, Lavinia, 1907-1997","Stearns, Peter N."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Scott, Lavinia, 1907-1997","Stearns, Peter N.","Luthuli, A. J. (Albert John), 1898-1967","Paton, Alan","Scott, Franklin D. (Franklin Daniel), 1901-1994","Wood, Agnes A., 1896-1998"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Adams College (Amanzimtoti, South Africa)","Amanzimtoti Institute","American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions","General Council of the Congregational Christian Churches of the United States","Illinois College","Inanda Seminary (Inanda, South Africa)","United Church Board for World Ministries","United Church of Christ"],"creators_ssim":["Scott, Lavinia, 1907-1997","Stearns, Peter N.","Luthuli, A. J. (Albert John), 1898-1967","Paton, Alan","Scott, Franklin D. (Franklin Daniel), 1901-1994","Wood, Agnes A., 1896-1998","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Adams College (Amanzimtoti, South Africa)","Amanzimtoti Institute","American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions","General Council of the Congregational Christian Churches of the United States","Illinois College","Inanda Seminary (Inanda, South Africa)","United Church Board for World Ministries","United Church of Christ"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"acqinfo_ssim":["The papers were brought to George Mason University by former Provost Peter Stearns, Lavinia Scott's nephew, in 2018. Before coming to Special Collections in early 2021, members of the George Mason University history faculty, as well as history graduate students, worked with the material."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Education, Higher","Nguni (African people)","Nguni languages","Missions, South African","Education -- South Africa","Women missionaries","Apartheid","Anti-apartheid movements -- South Africa","South African newspapers","Social justice -- Religious aspects -- Christianity","Zulu (African people)","Correspondence","Postcards","Photographs","Newspapers","Slides"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Education, Higher","Nguni (African people)","Nguni languages","Missions, South African","Education -- South Africa","Women missionaries","Apartheid","Anti-apartheid movements -- South Africa","South African newspapers","Social justice -- Religious aspects -- Christianity","Zulu (African people)","Correspondence","Postcards","Photographs","Newspapers","Slides"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["33 Linear Feet 72 boxes, 1 map case"],"extent_tesim":["33 Linear Feet 72 boxes, 1 map case"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence","Postcards","Photographs","Newspapers","Slides"],"date_range_isim":[1998],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCertain materials in the collection are restricted due to personally identifiable information.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Certain materials in the collection are restricted due to personally identifiable information."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged in seven series.\u003c/p\u003e    ","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003chead\u003eSeries\u003c/head\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 1: Correspondence\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 2: Professional activities\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 3: Personal materials\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 4: Newspapers and periodicals\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 5: Photographs and negatives\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 6: Audiovisual materials\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 7: South African artifacts\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged in seven series.","Series\n      Series 1: Correspondence\n      Series 2: Professional activities\n      Series 3: Personal materials\n      Series 4: Newspapers and periodicals\n      Series 5: Photographs and negatives\n      Series 6: Audiovisual materials\n      Series 7: South African artifacts"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLavinia Scott (also known as Clara Lavinia Scott) was born on March 21, 1907 in Yankton, South Dakota to George Harvey and Mary Maud Cole Scott. The youngest of four children, including the future Dr. Franklin Scott, Lavinia spent her life surrounded by education. As a child she attended local public schools, including Jacksonville High School, and in 1923 enrolled in a Bachelor's degree program at Illinois College, where her father served as a Dean for eight years before his sudden death in 1926. Lavinia graduated the following year (1927) with a B.A. in History and it was here that she began to devote her life to education full-time, securing a teaching position with Illinois' Harvard Community High School District Number 153 which she held for approximately two years.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAround the beginning of the 1930s, Lavinia's focus shifted from secular education to international educational missionary work. She enrolled in a Master's program with the Yale Divinity School and upon moving to Connecticut spent two years in training with the United Congregational Church in Bridgeport. In August 1932, less than two months after receiving her Master of Art's degree in June, Lavinia was assigned a teaching position at Adams College (formerly Amanzimtoti Institute) in South Africa under the direction of the Congregational Church affiliated American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions (ABCFM). \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLavinia remained at Adams College until she was transferred to nearby Inanda Seminary in 1936 where she assumed the role of Principal, a title which she held for over 30 years. During this time, she fought back against the South African government's discriminatory Apartheid policies, particularly the Bantu Education Act of 1953, which both significantly lowered the quality of education available to Black South Africans and removed government funding for private missionary schools. She also oversaw the school's Centenary Celebration in 1969, as well as several expansions to the campus, including the beginning of what would become the \"Lavinia Scott Chapel\". In 1969, she left Inanda Seminary, transferring to the newly formed Federal Theological Seminary where she returned to a teaching position until her formal retirement circa 1974.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWhile her retirement saw a return to the United States, ultimately assuming residence in Claremont, California, it did not mean the end of her mission work. For the next 20 years, Lavinia was an active speaker on behalf of the newly formed United Church of Christ as a South African mission representative for the United Church Board for World Ministries (UCBWM), formerly the ABCFM. She also continued her social justice advocacy, working on behalf of both domestic and international causes, including extensive work throughout the 1980s with the Claremont branch of the Task Force on Central America. Despite her busy schedule, Lavinia still found time to continue her love of traveling, including domestic trips with family and friends, and several returns to South Africa and Inanda Seminary.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWhile Lavinia never fully stopped her missionary work, she did eventually move to a UCC affiliated retirement community in Claremont known as Pilgrim Place where she lived until her passing on July 10, 1997 at the age of 90. She is buried near her family in Jacksonville's Diamond Grove Cemetery.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Lavinia Scott (also known as Clara Lavinia Scott) was born on March 21, 1907 in Yankton, South Dakota to George Harvey and Mary Maud Cole Scott. The youngest of four children, including the future Dr. Franklin Scott, Lavinia spent her life surrounded by education. As a child she attended local public schools, including Jacksonville High School, and in 1923 enrolled in a Bachelor's degree program at Illinois College, where her father served as a Dean for eight years before his sudden death in 1926. Lavinia graduated the following year (1927) with a B.A. in History and it was here that she began to devote her life to education full-time, securing a teaching position with Illinois' Harvard Community High School District Number 153 which she held for approximately two years.","Around the beginning of the 1930s, Lavinia's focus shifted from secular education to international educational missionary work. She enrolled in a Master's program with the Yale Divinity School and upon moving to Connecticut spent two years in training with the United Congregational Church in Bridgeport. In August 1932, less than two months after receiving her Master of Art's degree in June, Lavinia was assigned a teaching position at Adams College (formerly Amanzimtoti Institute) in South Africa under the direction of the Congregational Church affiliated American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions (ABCFM).","Lavinia remained at Adams College until she was transferred to nearby Inanda Seminary in 1936 where she assumed the role of Principal, a title which she held for over 30 years. During this time, she fought back against the South African government's discriminatory Apartheid policies, particularly the Bantu Education Act of 1953, which both significantly lowered the quality of education available to Black South Africans and removed government funding for private missionary schools. She also oversaw the school's Centenary Celebration in 1969, as well as several expansions to the campus, including the beginning of what would become the \"Lavinia Scott Chapel\". In 1969, she left Inanda Seminary, transferring to the newly formed Federal Theological Seminary where she returned to a teaching position until her formal retirement circa 1974.","While her retirement saw a return to the United States, ultimately assuming residence in Claremont, California, it did not mean the end of her mission work. For the next 20 years, Lavinia was an active speaker on behalf of the newly formed United Church of Christ as a South African mission representative for the United Church Board for World Ministries (UCBWM), formerly the ABCFM. She also continued her social justice advocacy, working on behalf of both domestic and international causes, including extensive work throughout the 1980s with the Claremont branch of the Task Force on Central America. Despite her busy schedule, Lavinia still found time to continue her love of traveling, including domestic trips with family and friends, and several returns to South Africa and Inanda Seminary.","While Lavinia never fully stopped her missionary work, she did eventually move to a UCC affiliated retirement community in Claremont known as Pilgrim Place where she lived until her passing on July 10, 1997 at the age of 90. She is buried near her family in Jacksonville's Diamond Grove Cemetery."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLavinia Scott papers, C0506, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason \nUniversity Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Lavinia Scott papers, C0506, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason \nUniversity Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessing completed by Meghan Glasbrenner from September 2022 - August 2023. Finding aid completed by Meghan Glasbrenner in August 2023.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processing completed by Meghan Glasbrenner from September 2022 - August 2023. Finding aid completed by Meghan Glasbrenner in August 2023."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNorthwestern University holds the \u003ca href=\"https://findingaids.library.northwestern.edu/repositories/4/resources/829\"\u003eLavinia Scott (1907-1997) Papers\u003c/a\u003e which consists mostly of correspondence, largely to Lavinia's mother Mary Maud Scott, as well as the full \u003ca href=\"https://findingaids.library.northwestern.edu/repositories/6/resources/463\"\u003eFranklin D. Scott (1901-1994) Papers\u003c/a\u003e. Harvard University holds several archival collections for the American Board of Commissioners of Foreign Missions divided by location, including the \u003ca href=\"https://hollisarchives.lib.harvard.edu/repositories/24/resources/3023\"\u003eAfrican missions records\u003c/a\u003e, as well as the Finding Aid for the \u003ca href=\"https://scholar.harvard.edu/mehealy/presentations\"\u003eInanda Seminary Oral History Project\u003c/a\u003e completed between 2008 – 2010.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Northwestern University holds the Lavinia Scott (1907-1997) Papers which consists mostly of correspondence, largely to Lavinia's mother Mary Maud Scott, as well as the full Franklin D. Scott (1901-1994) Papers. Harvard University holds several archival collections for the American Board of Commissioners of Foreign Missions divided by location, including the African missions records, as well as the Finding Aid for the Inanda Seminary Oral History Project completed between 2008 – 2010."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Lavinia Scott papers largely consist of correspondence, reports, newspapers, promotional materials, magazines, speeches, sermons, writings, educational records, travel maps and postcards, photographs, and audiovisual materials created between circa 1860s-1998. The collection contains 7 series.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1: Correspondence (circa 1860s, 1900s-1997) includes sent and received correspondence, both personal and professional. Types of correspondence include postcards, letters on stationary, airmail letters, greeting cards, Christmas and general holiday letters, and carbon copies of sent letters. While the majority of the correspondence is between Lavinia Scott and others, this series also includes correspondence received by others that was then passed on to Lavinia either for review or after their passing. The bulk of the correspondence covers the 1920s – 1970s, with a slight gap in coverage during the 1980s, and a shift to more general cards and holiday letters in the 1990s. This series is arranged alphabetically by correspondent last name, group title, or type of correspondence, such as Family letters sent by Lavinia during her years in South Africa.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2: Professional activities (1885, 1917-1997) includes both direct and indirect materials related to Lavinia's professional life as a Christian missionary speaker and educator. It is further divided into two subseries. Subseries 1: South African mission (1885, 1917-1990s) includes all materials related to both Lavinia's direct education work in South Africa (such as reports, magazines, newsletters, promotional materials, yearbooks, speech/sermon drafts), materials related to both American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions and United Church Board for World Ministries themselves (reports, meeting minutes, policy guides, conference materials), and any general materials or writing related to South Africa, particularly regarding mission work and the fight against Apartheid. The bulk of the materials cover the 1930s – 1970s, with some more general materials from the 1980s – 1990s. This subseries is arranged alphabetically, primarily by organization name (including Adams College, Inanda Seminary, and Federal Theological Seminary) or material type. Writings were divided by title and arranged alphabetically by author's last name where possible. Subseries 2: United Church of Christ (1919 – 1997) includes all other professional materials related to Lavinia's work with the United Church of Christ, and the earlier Congregational Christian Church, not directly connected to the South African mission. These include materials from local Congregational and United Church of Christ congregations, general conference materials, extensive materials from Lavinia's involvement with the Central American Task Force in Claremont, CA, and general writings and speeches related to Christianity. The bulk of the materials cover the 1920s – 1930s and the 1970s – 1990s. Items are arranged alphabetically, primarily by organization name or material type. Writings were divided by title and arranged alphabetically by author's last name where possible. Newsletters and periodicals published by affiliated professional and/or religious organizations can be found in Series 4.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 3: Personal materials (1891, circa 1909-1998) includes materials related to Lavinia's personal life, including family, friends, and personal travels. It is further divided into three subseries. Subseries 1: Records and mementos (1891, circa 1909 – 1998) includes educational records, creative writings by Lavinia and others, souvenirs and other mementos, travel maps and brochures, personal and correspondence notes, and publications by Lavinia's brother Dr. Franklin Scott. Items are arranged alphabetically, primarily by creator, organization, or material type. Writings were divided by title and arranged alphabetically by author's last name where possible. Subseries 2: Souvenir and travel postcards (circa 1930s – 1980s) includes all non-correspondence souvenir postcards grouped together by general location, starting with non-South African international, followed by United States, South Africa, and general Africa. Postcards used for correspondence can be found in Series 1 and personal photographic postcards can be found in Series 5. Subseries 3: Daily diaries (1920 – 1997) consists of Lavinia's 45 individual personal daily diaries, arranged chronologically. Several diaries contain entries for multiple years.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 4: Newspapers and periodicals (1920s – 1997) includes news and periodical print publications and newsletters, both full text and selections, including many from South Africa in both English and Afrikaans. It is further divided into two subseries. Sub-series 1: Full text editions (1927 - 1997) includes all full editions of newspapers, magazines, and newsletters. Magazines and newsletters published by schools and colleges, such as Inanda Seminary and Illinois College, are kept in context and can be found in Series 2-3. Subseries 2: Clippings (1920s - 1997) includes article or section clippings from newspapers, magazines, and newsletters. Most articles cover social and political stories related to South Africa, Apartheid policies and resistance, Lavinia's speaking engagements or mission work, and members of the Scott and Stearns family, such as marriage announcements or community profiles.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 5: Photographs and negatives (circa 1870s – 1990s) includes photographs and negatives related to Lavinia's work and personal life. The contents cover a wide array of sizes and mediums, including gelatin prints, black and white and color snapshots, and color processed prints. Many, but not all, prints include some level of identifying inscription on the back, including stamps from local photographers. It is further divided into two subseries. Sub-series 1: South African mission (1930s – 1990s) includes photographs that document Lavinia's work as a missionary educator in South Africa. Major areas of coverage include Inanda Seminary, including campus development, Centennial Celebration, staff and student group and individual portraits, and visits by Lavinia and others after the 1970s, as well as Adams College, The Federal Theological Seminary, and visits by American Board of Commissioners of Foreign Missions representatives and South African political figures such as Chief Lutuli (also spelled Luthuli). Prints have been divided into groupings based on general size or type; further organization by subject has not been completed at this time. Sub-series 2: Personal travel (1920s – 1990s) includes photographs that document Lavinia's personal, non-mission related travel with family and friends mostly within the United States. Prints have been divided into groupings based on general size or type with some attempt at organization by location where possible based on identifying information provided. Sub-series 3: Family (1870s – 1990s) includes photographs of Lavinia's family and friends, including formal portraits. Prints have been divided into groupings based on general size or type with some attempt at organization by subject and/or time period where possible based on identifying information provided. Sub-series 4: Negatives (circa 1930s – 1990s) includes all negatives covering subjects from each of the three sub-series. Negatives have been grouped where possible by size and most do not include identifying information; further organization by subject has not been completed at this time.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 6: Audiovisual materials (circa 1930s – 1997) includes all audiovisual materials including photographic slides, both labeled and unlabeled cassette and VHS tapes, three professional .45 records, and one unlabeled Magnetophoband BASF reel to reel tape. Cassette and VHS contents reflect Lavinia's mission work in South Africa, including recordings of sermons and ceremonies at Inanda Seminary, sermons and speeches on various religious and social issues, and oral history interviews with mission workers such as Lou Ann Parsons, as well as 6-7 tapes containing an extensive interview with Lavinia herself. The bulk of these materials cover the 1970s – 1980s. Additionally, the photographic slides depict both South African mission work and Inanda Seminary, as well as personal family events and travels, including numerous souvenir professional slides from international locations. The bulk of these materials cover the 1950s – 1970s. All items in this series have been grouped by medium; some photographic slides include identifying information but, further organization by subject has not been completed at this time.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 7: South African artifacts (circa 1970s – 1980s) includes carvings, beadwork, and other artifacts likely purchased by or gifted to Lavinia during a return trip to South Africa that reflect Zulu cultural traditions and crafts.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Lavinia Scott papers largely consist of correspondence, reports, newspapers, promotional materials, magazines, speeches, sermons, writings, educational records, travel maps and postcards, photographs, and audiovisual materials created between circa 1860s-1998. The collection contains 7 series.","Series 1: Correspondence (circa 1860s, 1900s-1997) includes sent and received correspondence, both personal and professional. Types of correspondence include postcards, letters on stationary, airmail letters, greeting cards, Christmas and general holiday letters, and carbon copies of sent letters. While the majority of the correspondence is between Lavinia Scott and others, this series also includes correspondence received by others that was then passed on to Lavinia either for review or after their passing. The bulk of the correspondence covers the 1920s – 1970s, with a slight gap in coverage during the 1980s, and a shift to more general cards and holiday letters in the 1990s. This series is arranged alphabetically by correspondent last name, group title, or type of correspondence, such as Family letters sent by Lavinia during her years in South Africa.","Series 2: Professional activities (1885, 1917-1997) includes both direct and indirect materials related to Lavinia's professional life as a Christian missionary speaker and educator. It is further divided into two subseries. Subseries 1: South African mission (1885, 1917-1990s) includes all materials related to both Lavinia's direct education work in South Africa (such as reports, magazines, newsletters, promotional materials, yearbooks, speech/sermon drafts), materials related to both American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions and United Church Board for World Ministries themselves (reports, meeting minutes, policy guides, conference materials), and any general materials or writing related to South Africa, particularly regarding mission work and the fight against Apartheid. The bulk of the materials cover the 1930s – 1970s, with some more general materials from the 1980s – 1990s. This subseries is arranged alphabetically, primarily by organization name (including Adams College, Inanda Seminary, and Federal Theological Seminary) or material type. Writings were divided by title and arranged alphabetically by author's last name where possible. Subseries 2: United Church of Christ (1919 – 1997) includes all other professional materials related to Lavinia's work with the United Church of Christ, and the earlier Congregational Christian Church, not directly connected to the South African mission. These include materials from local Congregational and United Church of Christ congregations, general conference materials, extensive materials from Lavinia's involvement with the Central American Task Force in Claremont, CA, and general writings and speeches related to Christianity. The bulk of the materials cover the 1920s – 1930s and the 1970s – 1990s. Items are arranged alphabetically, primarily by organization name or material type. Writings were divided by title and arranged alphabetically by author's last name where possible. Newsletters and periodicals published by affiliated professional and/or religious organizations can be found in Series 4.","Series 3: Personal materials (1891, circa 1909-1998) includes materials related to Lavinia's personal life, including family, friends, and personal travels. It is further divided into three subseries. Subseries 1: Records and mementos (1891, circa 1909 – 1998) includes educational records, creative writings by Lavinia and others, souvenirs and other mementos, travel maps and brochures, personal and correspondence notes, and publications by Lavinia's brother Dr. Franklin Scott. Items are arranged alphabetically, primarily by creator, organization, or material type. Writings were divided by title and arranged alphabetically by author's last name where possible. Subseries 2: Souvenir and travel postcards (circa 1930s – 1980s) includes all non-correspondence souvenir postcards grouped together by general location, starting with non-South African international, followed by United States, South Africa, and general Africa. Postcards used for correspondence can be found in Series 1 and personal photographic postcards can be found in Series 5. Subseries 3: Daily diaries (1920 – 1997) consists of Lavinia's 45 individual personal daily diaries, arranged chronologically. Several diaries contain entries for multiple years.","Series 4: Newspapers and periodicals (1920s – 1997) includes news and periodical print publications and newsletters, both full text and selections, including many from South Africa in both English and Afrikaans. It is further divided into two subseries. Sub-series 1: Full text editions (1927 - 1997) includes all full editions of newspapers, magazines, and newsletters. Magazines and newsletters published by schools and colleges, such as Inanda Seminary and Illinois College, are kept in context and can be found in Series 2-3. Subseries 2: Clippings (1920s - 1997) includes article or section clippings from newspapers, magazines, and newsletters. Most articles cover social and political stories related to South Africa, Apartheid policies and resistance, Lavinia's speaking engagements or mission work, and members of the Scott and Stearns family, such as marriage announcements or community profiles.","Series 5: Photographs and negatives (circa 1870s – 1990s) includes photographs and negatives related to Lavinia's work and personal life. The contents cover a wide array of sizes and mediums, including gelatin prints, black and white and color snapshots, and color processed prints. Many, but not all, prints include some level of identifying inscription on the back, including stamps from local photographers. It is further divided into two subseries. Sub-series 1: South African mission (1930s – 1990s) includes photographs that document Lavinia's work as a missionary educator in South Africa. Major areas of coverage include Inanda Seminary, including campus development, Centennial Celebration, staff and student group and individual portraits, and visits by Lavinia and others after the 1970s, as well as Adams College, The Federal Theological Seminary, and visits by American Board of Commissioners of Foreign Missions representatives and South African political figures such as Chief Lutuli (also spelled Luthuli). Prints have been divided into groupings based on general size or type; further organization by subject has not been completed at this time. Sub-series 2: Personal travel (1920s – 1990s) includes photographs that document Lavinia's personal, non-mission related travel with family and friends mostly within the United States. Prints have been divided into groupings based on general size or type with some attempt at organization by location where possible based on identifying information provided. Sub-series 3: Family (1870s – 1990s) includes photographs of Lavinia's family and friends, including formal portraits. Prints have been divided into groupings based on general size or type with some attempt at organization by subject and/or time period where possible based on identifying information provided. Sub-series 4: Negatives (circa 1930s – 1990s) includes all negatives covering subjects from each of the three sub-series. Negatives have been grouped where possible by size and most do not include identifying information; further organization by subject has not been completed at this time.","Series 6: Audiovisual materials (circa 1930s – 1997) includes all audiovisual materials including photographic slides, both labeled and unlabeled cassette and VHS tapes, three professional .45 records, and one unlabeled Magnetophoband BASF reel to reel tape. Cassette and VHS contents reflect Lavinia's mission work in South Africa, including recordings of sermons and ceremonies at Inanda Seminary, sermons and speeches on various religious and social issues, and oral history interviews with mission workers such as Lou Ann Parsons, as well as 6-7 tapes containing an extensive interview with Lavinia herself. The bulk of these materials cover the 1970s – 1980s. Additionally, the photographic slides depict both South African mission work and Inanda Seminary, as well as personal family events and travels, including numerous souvenir professional slides from international locations. The bulk of these materials cover the 1950s – 1970s. All items in this series have been grouped by medium; some photographic slides include identifying information but, further organization by subject has not been completed at this time.","Series 7: South African artifacts (circa 1970s – 1980s) includes carvings, beadwork, and other artifacts likely purchased by or gifted to Lavinia during a return trip to South Africa that reflect Zulu cultural traditions and crafts."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_80cc4e1315ef5dc6c32b4320325dcd33\"\u003eThe Lavinia Scott papers consist of materials created and collected by missionary educator Lavinia Scott (1907 – 1997) covering circa 1860s-1998. This includes materials created by the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions, the United Church Board for World Ministries, the United Church of Christ, and South Africa's Inanda Seminary. The collection covers Lavinia's personal and professional life working and living as a missionary educator in South Africa.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The Lavinia Scott papers consist of materials created and collected by missionary educator Lavinia Scott (1907 – 1997) covering circa 1860s-1998. This includes materials created by the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions, the United Church Board for World Ministries, the United Church of Christ, and South Africa's Inanda Seminary. The collection covers Lavinia's personal and professional life working and living as a missionary educator in South Africa."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_81acf2a66423a9d0915a1666348eb948\"\u003eR 71, C 1, S 2 - S 5\n\nR 72, C 3, S 7\n\nR 72, C 4, S 2 - S 7\n\nMap Case 8.3\n\nOS R 2, C 1, S 3\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["R 71, C 1, S 2 - S 5\n\nR 72, C 3, S 7\n\nR 72, C 4, S 2 - S 7\n\nMap Case 8.3\n\nOS R 2, C 1, S 3"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Adams College (Amanzimtoti, South Africa)","Amanzimtoti Institute","American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions","General Council of the Congregational Christian Churches of the United States","Illinois College","Inanda Seminary (Inanda, South Africa)","United Church Board for World Ministries","United Church of Christ"],"names_coll_ssim":["Adams College (Amanzimtoti, South Africa)","Amanzimtoti Institute","American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions","General Council of the Congregational Christian Churches of the United States","Illinois College","Inanda Seminary (Inanda, South Africa)","United Church Board for World Ministries","United Church of Christ","Stearns, Peter N.","Luthuli, A. J. (Albert John), 1898-1967","Paton, Alan","Scott, Franklin D. (Franklin Daniel), 1901-1994","Scott, Lavinia, 1907-1997","Wood, Agnes A., 1896-1998"],"persname_ssim":["Scott, Lavinia, 1907-1997","Stearns, Peter N.","Luthuli, A. J. (Albert John), 1898-1967","Paton, Alan","Scott, Franklin D. (Franklin Daniel), 1901-1994","Wood, Agnes A., 1896-1998"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Adams College (Amanzimtoti, South Africa)","Amanzimtoti Institute","American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions","General Council of the Congregational Christian Churches of the United States","Illinois College","Inanda Seminary (Inanda, South Africa)","United Church Board for World Ministries","United Church of Christ","Scott, Lavinia, 1907-1997","Stearns, Peter N.","Luthuli, A. J. (Albert John), 1898-1967","Paton, Alan","Scott, Franklin D. (Franklin Daniel), 1901-1994","Wood, Agnes A., 1896-1998"],"language_ssim":["English\n      Zulu\n      Afrikaans"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":973,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:35:13.746Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_651_c02_c02_c62"}},{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_124_c02_c442","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"World prospects for natural resources by Fisher and Neal Potter, 1964/1972","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_124_c02_c442#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_124_c02_c442","ref_ssm":["vifgm_repositories_2_resources_124_c02_c442"],"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_124_c02_c442","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_124","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_124","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_124_c02","parent_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_124_c02","parent_ssim":["Joseph L. Fisher papers, 1930/1992","Series 2: Academic Career/Government Appointments, 1992"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vifgm_repositories_2_resources_124","vifgm_repositories_2_resources_124_c02"],"title_filing_ssi":"World prospects for natural resources by Fisher and Neal Potter","title_ssm":["World prospects for natural resources by Fisher and Neal Potter"],"title_tesim":["World prospects for natural resources by Fisher and Neal Potter"],"normalized_title_ssm":["World prospects for natural resources by Fisher and Neal Potter, 1964/1972"],"text":["World prospects for natural resources by Fisher and Neal Potter, 1964/1972","Joseph L. Fisher papers, 1930/1992","Series 2: Academic Career/Government Appointments, 1992","box 95","folder 7"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Joseph L. Fisher papers, 1930/1992","Series 2: Academic Career/Government Appointments, 1992"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Joseph L. Fisher papers, 1930/1992","Series 2: Academic Career/Government Appointments, 1992"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1964/1972"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1964; 1972"],"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"component_level_isim":[2],"sort_isi":1144,"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"collection_ssim":["Joseph L. Fisher papers, 1930/1992"],"containers_ssim":["box 95","folder 7"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["There are no access restrictions."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"date_range_isim":[1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972],"_nest_path_":"/components#1/components#441","timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:34:17.521Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_124","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_124","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_124","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_124","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_124.xml","title_ssm":["Joseph L. Fisher papers"],"title_tesim":["Joseph L. Fisher papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1930s-1992"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1930s-1992"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1930/1992"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Joseph L. Fisher papers, 1930/1992"],"text":["Joseph L. Fisher papers, 1930/1992","C0028","/repositories/2/resources/124","Arlington County (Va.)","Virginia, Northern -- Politics and government","United States -- Politics and government","United States -- Politics and government -- 20th century","Taxation -- Law and legislation -- United States","Energy Conservation -- Law and legislation -- United States","Conservation of natural resources -- Law and legislation -- United States","Economists -- United States","Politics","There are no access restrictions.","Organized into three series.","Series\n      Series 1: U.S. House of Representatives, 1974-1992\n      Series 2: Academic Career/Government Appointments, 1930s-1992\n      Series 3: Oversize, 1943-1992","Joseph Lyman Fisher (1914-1992), economist, educator, author, and congressman, was born in Salesville, Rhode Island on January 11, 1914. After earning his undergraduate degree at Bowdoin College, Fisher went on to graduate work at the London School of Economics, Harvard University, and George Washington University. In 1942 he married the former Margaret Saunders Winslow. Fisher's career, spanning over fifty years, included planner for the National Resources Planning Board, economist for the United States Department of State, executive officer and economist for the Council of Economic Advisors, president of Resources for the Future, a member of the United States House of Representatives (1974-1981), Virginia Secretary of Human Resources, special assistant to the president of George Mason University, and president of the National Academy of Public Administration. In addition, Fisher was deeply involved in community activities, having been chairman of the Arlington County Board, chairman of the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority (WMATA), president and chairman of the Washington Metropolitan Council of Governments (COG), and moderator and chairman of the board of the Unitarian Universalist Association. He also wrote several books, including World Prospects for Natural Resources (1964) and Resources in America's Future (1963).","Processed and finding aid compiled by Barbara Haase and Kay Liebermann in 1995. EAD markup completed in February 2009 by Eron Ackerman and Jordan Patty. Finding aid updated in June 2013 by Greta Kuriger Suiter.","Special Collections Research Center also holds the papers of other local and national politicians from Northern Virginia.","This collection is divided into three series.","Series 1 of the collection relates to Fisher's political career in the U.S. House of Representatives (1974-1981). The materials cover the years 1974-1992 and include correspondence, speeches, press releases, reports, newsclippings, issue papers, testimony, statements, questionnaires, background publications, guidelines, charts, and legislation.","Series 2 relates to Fisher's career as an economist, educator, and U.S. Congressman. The materials cover the years 1930s-1992 and include lectures and comments on conservation and natural resources, class notes, papers, and dissertation and thesis, scrapbooks, pamphlets, appointment books, and correspondence.","Series 3 consists of two flat boxes that contain awards, certificates, and diplomas for both Joseph and Margaret Fisher, as well as campaign posters, a large newspaper clipping, a large photograph, and scrapbook covers. Materials date from 1943 to 1992.","The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)","This collection relates to Fisher's career as an economist, educator, and U.S. Congressman. The materials include lectures and comments on conservation and natural resources, scrapbooks, pamphlets, appointment books, and correspondence. Materials that relate to his political career in U.S. House of Representatives include correspondence, speeches, press releases, reports, newsclippings, issue papers, testimony, statements, questionnaires, background publications, guidelines, charts, and legislation.","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","George Mason University","United States. Congress. House","United States. Congress. House. Committee on Ways and Means","Fisher, Joseph L.","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Joseph L. Fisher papers, 1930/1992"],"collection_ssim":["Joseph L. 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Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","George Mason University","United States. Congress. House","United States. Congress. House. Committee on Ways and Means"],"creators_ssim":["Fisher, Joseph L.","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","George Mason University","United States. Congress. House","United States. Congress. House. Committee on Ways and Means"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Collection donated by Margaret Fisher in 1992-1996."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Taxation -- Law and legislation -- United States","Energy Conservation -- Law and legislation -- United States","Conservation of natural resources -- Law and legislation -- United States","Economists -- United States","Politics"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Taxation -- Law and legislation -- United States","Energy Conservation -- Law and legislation -- United States","Conservation of natural resources -- Law and legislation -- United States","Economists -- United States","Politics"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["58 Linear Feet 116 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["58 Linear Feet 116 boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOrganized into three series.\u003c/p\u003e    ","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003chead\u003eSeries\u003c/head\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 1: U.S. House of Representatives, 1974-1992\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 2: Academic Career/Government Appointments, 1930s-1992\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 3: Oversize, 1943-1992\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Organized into three series.","Series\n      Series 1: U.S. House of Representatives, 1974-1992\n      Series 2: Academic Career/Government Appointments, 1930s-1992\n      Series 3: Oversize, 1943-1992"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJoseph Lyman Fisher (1914-1992), economist, educator, author, and congressman, was born in Salesville, Rhode Island on January 11, 1914. After earning his undergraduate degree at Bowdoin College, Fisher went on to graduate work at the London School of Economics, Harvard University, and George Washington University. In 1942 he married the former Margaret Saunders Winslow. Fisher's career, spanning over fifty years, included planner for the National Resources Planning Board, economist for the United States Department of State, executive officer and economist for the Council of Economic Advisors, president of Resources for the Future, a member of the United States House of Representatives (1974-1981), Virginia Secretary of Human Resources, special assistant to the president of George Mason University, and president of the National Academy of Public Administration. In addition, Fisher was deeply involved in community activities, having been chairman of the Arlington County Board, chairman of the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority (WMATA), president and chairman of the Washington Metropolitan Council of Governments (COG), and moderator and chairman of the board of the Unitarian Universalist Association. He also wrote several books, including World Prospects for Natural Resources (1964) and Resources in America's Future (1963).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Joseph Lyman Fisher (1914-1992), economist, educator, author, and congressman, was born in Salesville, Rhode Island on January 11, 1914. After earning his undergraduate degree at Bowdoin College, Fisher went on to graduate work at the London School of Economics, Harvard University, and George Washington University. In 1942 he married the former Margaret Saunders Winslow. Fisher's career, spanning over fifty years, included planner for the National Resources Planning Board, economist for the United States Department of State, executive officer and economist for the Council of Economic Advisors, president of Resources for the Future, a member of the United States House of Representatives (1974-1981), Virginia Secretary of Human Resources, special assistant to the president of George Mason University, and president of the National Academy of Public Administration. In addition, Fisher was deeply involved in community activities, having been chairman of the Arlington County Board, chairman of the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority (WMATA), president and chairman of the Washington Metropolitan Council of Governments (COG), and moderator and chairman of the board of the Unitarian Universalist Association. He also wrote several books, including World Prospects for Natural Resources (1964) and Resources in America's Future (1963)."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJoseph L. Fisher papers, C0028, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Joseph L. Fisher papers, C0028, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed and finding aid compiled by Barbara Haase and Kay Liebermann in 1995. EAD markup completed in February 2009 by Eron Ackerman and Jordan Patty. Finding aid updated in June 2013 by Greta Kuriger Suiter.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed and finding aid compiled by Barbara Haase and Kay Liebermann in 1995. EAD markup completed in February 2009 by Eron Ackerman and Jordan Patty. Finding aid updated in June 2013 by Greta Kuriger Suiter."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSpecial Collections Research Center also holds the papers of other local and national politicians from Northern Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Special Collections Research Center also holds the papers of other local and national politicians from Northern Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is divided into three series. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1 of the collection relates to Fisher's political career in the U.S. House of Representatives (1974-1981). The materials cover the years 1974-1992 and include correspondence, speeches, press releases, reports, newsclippings, issue papers, testimony, statements, questionnaires, background publications, guidelines, charts, and legislation.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2 relates to Fisher's career as an economist, educator, and U.S. Congressman. The materials cover the years 1930s-1992 and include lectures and comments on conservation and natural resources, class notes, papers, and dissertation and thesis, scrapbooks, pamphlets, appointment books, and correspondence. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 3 consists of two flat boxes that contain awards, certificates, and diplomas for both Joseph and Margaret Fisher, as well as campaign posters, a large newspaper clipping, a large photograph, and scrapbook covers. Materials date from 1943 to 1992.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection is divided into three series.","Series 1 of the collection relates to Fisher's political career in the U.S. House of Representatives (1974-1981). The materials cover the years 1974-1992 and include correspondence, speeches, press releases, reports, newsclippings, issue papers, testimony, statements, questionnaires, background publications, guidelines, charts, and legislation.","Series 2 relates to Fisher's career as an economist, educator, and U.S. Congressman. The materials cover the years 1930s-1992 and include lectures and comments on conservation and natural resources, class notes, papers, and dissertation and thesis, scrapbooks, pamphlets, appointment books, and correspondence.","Series 3 consists of two flat boxes that contain awards, certificates, and diplomas for both Joseph and Margaret Fisher, as well as campaign posters, a large newspaper clipping, a large photograph, and scrapbook covers. Materials date from 1943 to 1992."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_719ded8763f4474b33e000a5ce8d4214\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThis collection relates to Fisher's career as an economist, educator, and U.S. Congressman. The materials include lectures and comments on conservation and natural resources, scrapbooks, pamphlets, appointment books, and correspondence. 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