{"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1969\u0026page=23\u0026view=compact","prev":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1969\u0026page=22\u0026view=compact","next":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1969\u0026page=24\u0026view=compact","last":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1969\u0026page=6207\u0026view=compact"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":23,"next_page":24,"prev_page":22,"total_pages":6207,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":220,"total_count":62065,"first_page?":false,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8143_c01_c9794","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"1934 Reunion","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_8143_c01_c9794#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8143_c01_c9794","ref_ssm":["viw_repositories_2_resources_8143_c01_c9794"],"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8143_c01_c9794","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8143","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8143","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8143_c01","parent_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8143_c01","parent_ssim":["viw_repositories_2_resources_8143","viw_repositories_2_resources_8143_c01"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viw_repositories_2_resources_8143","viw_repositories_2_resources_8143_c01"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Thomas L. 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After graduation, Mr. Williams enlisted in the Navy shortly after the attack on  Pearl Harbor during World War II and was stationed at Camp Peary, where he started the base's photography laboratory. While at Camp Peary, he shot many photographs for Colonial Williamsburg, who hired him shortly after World War II to start their photography section. After nine years at Colonial Williamsburg, Mr. Williams became the photographer for William \u0026 Mary, a position he held for 35 years. While at William and Mary, Mr. Williams photographed various events at the College, including Charter Day and Commencement ceremonies, the inauguration of Davis Y. Paschall as president of William \u0026 Mary, and the celebrations during Homecoming Weekend.","Thomas L. Williams Papers","University Archives Photograph Collection","The collection includes photographs, negatives, slides, film, postcards, ephemera, correspondence and artifacts belonging to Thomas L. Williams, photographer for William \u0026 Mary for 35 years.  He was also a photographer for Camp Peary and Colonial Williamsburg prior to working for William \u0026 Mary.","Addition includes photographs, correspondence, negatives, and newspaper articles from Thomas L. Williams. Photographs includes scenes of Colonial Williamsburg and the campus of William \u0026 Mary.","Files include photographs of Williamsburg, Virginia, William \u0026 Mary, as well as personal family photographs taken by Thomas L. Williams from the 1940s-1960s. Other papers include clippings documenting events in Williamsburg and correspondence. ","Included in the folder of people of note visiting Williamsburg are those labeled as follows: ","Menderez, Sec. of Defense of Turkey Visited 7/13/58 ","President Dwight D. Eisenhower with Virginia Governor Thomas Stanley ","Vera Vague of Rob Hope Show WWII ","Jack Niklaus 9/67 ","President Lyndon B. Johnson ","King of Belgium 5/31/59 ","President Richard Nixon with W\u0026M President Paschal ","President Dwight Eisenhower ","Grand Opening Day with Queen Elizabeth 1957 ","President Gerald Ford ","President Rockefeller ","Debbie Reynolds ","King Hussein of Jordan Visits Jamestown ","Governor Mills Godwin ","King of Morocco Visits ","Lord Mayor of London at Colonial Williamsburg ","King Baudouin of Belgium May 1959 ","Prince Phillip with Governor Stanley ","Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Curator of Manuscripts and Rare Books, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.","Special Collections Research Center","Williams, Thomas L.","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MS 00254","/repositories/2/resources/8143"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Thomas L. Williams collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["Thomas L. Williams collection"],"collection_ssim":["Thomas L. 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After graduation, Mr. Williams enlisted in the Navy shortly after the attack on  Pearl Harbor during World War II and was stationed at Camp Peary, where he started the base's photography laboratory. While at Camp Peary, he shot many photographs for Colonial Williamsburg, who hired him shortly after World War II to start their photography section. After nine years at Colonial Williamsburg, Mr. Williams became the photographer for William \u0026amp; Mary, a position he held for 35 years. While at William and Mary, Mr. Williams photographed various events at the College, including Charter Day and Commencement ceremonies, the inauguration of Davis Y. Paschall as president of William \u0026amp; Mary, and the celebrations during Homecoming Weekend.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Born in 1912 in Shire Oaks, Pennsylvania, Thomas L. Williams studied photography at the Art Institute of Pittsburgh. After graduation, Mr. Williams enlisted in the Navy shortly after the attack on  Pearl Harbor during World War II and was stationed at Camp Peary, where he started the base's photography laboratory. While at Camp Peary, he shot many photographs for Colonial Williamsburg, who hired him shortly after World War II to start their photography section. After nine years at Colonial Williamsburg, Mr. Williams became the photographer for William \u0026 Mary, a position he held for 35 years. While at William and Mary, Mr. Williams photographed various events at the College, including Charter Day and Commencement ceremonies, the inauguration of Davis Y. Paschall as president of William \u0026 Mary, and the celebrations during Homecoming Weekend."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThomas L. Williams collection, Special Collections Research Center, William \u0026amp; Mary Libraries\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Thomas L. Williams collection, Special Collections Research Center, William \u0026 Mary Libraries"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThomas L. Williams Papers\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eUniversity Archives Photograph Collection\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Thomas L. Williams Papers","University Archives Photograph Collection"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection includes photographs, negatives, slides, film, postcards, ephemera, correspondence and artifacts belonging to Thomas L. Williams, photographer for William \u0026amp; Mary for 35 years.  He was also a photographer for Camp Peary and Colonial Williamsburg prior to working for William \u0026amp; Mary.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAddition includes photographs, correspondence, negatives, and newspaper articles from Thomas L. Williams. Photographs includes scenes of Colonial Williamsburg and the campus of William \u0026amp; Mary.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFiles include photographs of Williamsburg, Virginia, William \u0026amp; Mary, as well as personal family photographs taken by Thomas L. Williams from the 1940s-1960s. Other papers include clippings documenting events in Williamsburg and correspondence. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIncluded in the folder of people of note visiting Williamsburg are those labeled as follows: \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMenderez, Sec. of Defense of Turkey Visited 7/13/58 \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePresident Dwight D. Eisenhower with Virginia Governor Thomas Stanley \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eVera Vague of Rob Hope Show WWII \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJack Niklaus 9/67 \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePresident Lyndon B. Johnson \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eKing of Belgium 5/31/59 \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePresident Richard Nixon with W\u0026amp;M President Paschal \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePresident Dwight Eisenhower \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGrand Opening Day with Queen Elizabeth 1957 \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePresident Gerald Ford \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePresident Rockefeller \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDebbie Reynolds \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eKing Hussein of Jordan Visits Jamestown \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGovernor Mills Godwin \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eKing of Morocco Visits \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eLord Mayor of London at Colonial Williamsburg \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eKing Baudouin of Belgium May 1959 \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePrince Phillip with Governor Stanley \u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection includes photographs, negatives, slides, film, postcards, ephemera, correspondence and artifacts belonging to Thomas L. Williams, photographer for William \u0026 Mary for 35 years.  He was also a photographer for Camp Peary and Colonial Williamsburg prior to working for William \u0026 Mary.","Addition includes photographs, correspondence, negatives, and newspaper articles from Thomas L. Williams. Photographs includes scenes of Colonial Williamsburg and the campus of William \u0026 Mary.","Files include photographs of Williamsburg, Virginia, William \u0026 Mary, as well as personal family photographs taken by Thomas L. Williams from the 1940s-1960s. Other papers include clippings documenting events in Williamsburg and correspondence. ","Included in the folder of people of note visiting Williamsburg are those labeled as follows: ","Menderez, Sec. of Defense of Turkey Visited 7/13/58 ","President Dwight D. Eisenhower with Virginia Governor Thomas Stanley ","Vera Vague of Rob Hope Show WWII ","Jack Niklaus 9/67 ","President Lyndon B. Johnson ","King of Belgium 5/31/59 ","President Richard Nixon with W\u0026M President Paschal ","President Dwight Eisenhower ","Grand Opening Day with Queen Elizabeth 1957 ","President Gerald Ford ","President Rockefeller ","Debbie Reynolds ","King Hussein of Jordan Visits Jamestown ","Governor Mills Godwin ","King of Morocco Visits ","Lord Mayor of London at Colonial Williamsburg ","King Baudouin of Belgium May 1959 ","Prince Phillip with Governor Stanley "],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Curator of Manuscripts and Rare Books, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Curator of Manuscripts and Rare Books, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","Williams, Thomas L."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"persname_ssim":["Williams, Thomas L."],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":10461,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T12:07:10.432Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_8143_c01_c9794"}},{"id":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_13_c04_c28","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"1939 World's Fair: exhibition catalogue for Carl Milles (1940), newspaper clippings, 1939 World's Fair book and the New York World's Fair 1939/40 photo essay","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/virmu_repositories_2_resources_13_c04_c28#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_13_c04_c28","ref_ssm":["virmu_repositories_2_resources_13_c04_c28"],"id":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_13_c04_c28","ead_ssi":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_13","_root_":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_13","_nest_parent_":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_13_c04","parent_ssi":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_13_c04","parent_ssim":["virmu_repositories_2_resources_13","virmu_repositories_2_resources_13_c04"],"parent_ids_ssim":["virmu_repositories_2_resources_13","virmu_repositories_2_resources_13_c04"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Leslie Cheek, Jr. Personal Papers (SC-02)","Series 4: Personal Files"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Leslie Cheek, Jr. Personal Papers (SC-02)","Series 4: Personal Files"],"text":["Leslie Cheek, Jr. Personal Papers (SC-02)","Series 4: Personal Files","1939 World's Fair: exhibition catalogue for Carl Milles (1940), newspaper clippings, 1939 World's Fair book and the New York World's Fair 1939/40 photo essay","box SC-02 Box 9","folder Folder 367"],"title_filing_ssi":"1939 World's Fair: exhibition catalogue for Carl Milles (1940), newspaper clippings, 1939 World's Fair book and the New York World's Fair 1939/40 photo essay","title_ssm":["1939 World's Fair: exhibition catalogue for Carl Milles (1940), newspaper clippings, 1939 World's Fair book and the New York World's Fair 1939/40 photo essay"],"title_tesim":["1939 World's Fair: exhibition catalogue for Carl Milles (1940), newspaper clippings, 1939 World's Fair book and the New York World's Fair 1939/40 photo essay"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1939-1977"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1939/1977"],"normalized_title_ssm":["1939 World's Fair: exhibition catalogue for Carl Milles (1940), newspaper clippings, 1939 World's Fair book and the New York World's Fair 1939/40 photo essay"],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts"],"collection_ssim":["Leslie Cheek, Jr. Personal Papers (SC-02)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":374,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The collection is open for research. A limited number of files are restricted. Access to restricted materials may require written permission of the donor and/or the VMFA Director."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The collection is subject to all copyright laws. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by copyright, beyond that allowed by fair use, requires the researcher to obtain permission of copyright holders."],"date_range_isim":[1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977],"containers_ssim":["box SC-02 Box 9","folder Folder 367"],"_nest_path_":"/components#3/components#27","timestamp":"2026-05-21T03:35:59.708Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_13","ead_ssi":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_13","_root_":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_13","_nest_parent_":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_13","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VMFA/repositories_2_resources_13.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.vmfa.museum/repositories/2/resources/13","title_filing_ssi":"Cheek, Leslie Jr. (SC-02)","title_ssm":["Leslie Cheek, Jr. Personal Papers (SC-02)"],"title_tesim":["Leslie Cheek, Jr. Personal Papers (SC-02)"],"unitdate_ssm":["1931-1993"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1931-1993"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC-02","/repositories/2/resources/13"],"text":["SC-02","/repositories/2/resources/13","Leslie Cheek, Jr. Personal Papers (SC-02)","The collection is open for research. A limited number of files are restricted. Access to restricted materials may require written permission of the donor and/or the VMFA Director.","The collection is organized into six series, folders are arranged in the original order maintained by Cheek, and retain their original folder titles when provided.","Series 1 Skylark Farm, 1966-1992 Series 2 \"Living by Design\" and \"Cheek and the Arts,\" 1945-1989 Series 3 \"Designing for the Arts,\" 1984-1991 Series 4 Personal Files, 1934-1992 Series 5 Awards and Degrees, 1931-1993 Series 6 Trips, 1952-1980","Ten Talents in the American Theatre, 1957","Living by Design: Leslie Cheek and the Arts, 1985","Designing for the Arts: Environments by Leslie Cheek, 1990","Southern Civility: Recollections of my Early Life, 2003","Drawings for the Stage by Leslie Cheek, Jr., 1987","VMFA Directors: Leslie Cheek Jr. (4 folders)","Virginia Museum of Fine Arts Director's Correspondence, 1936-1976 (Coll. No. 33863 and 44067) ","Virginia Museum of Fine Arts Exhibition Files, 1936-1992 (Coll No. 31633, 32958, 33041, 33160, 34679, 36342, 36957 and 37636)","Archives of American Art, Washington, DC: Architectural Forum, 1945-47; Time Lab, 1946-47; House Beautiful, 1947; Forum Exhibits, 1946-48; Exhibition Houses, Architectural Forum, 1947; Architectural League; Beauty at the Bar, Architectural League, 1948; Life in USA Houses Speech, Architectural League, 1946; Baltimore Museum Files: Correspondence, Photographs, Exhibition Info and Brochures; Architectural Consultant Files, 1968 to 1992; Above It All (Yale Thesis); Camouflage Info, Fort Belvoir, early 40's; For Us the Living (microfilm, original at MOMA); Oral History Interview","College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA: Photographs of Stage Sets; Articles; Festival Theatre; Publicity for Theatre Development; Publicity for Frobenius; Cheek Award; O'Keefe Affair; Muscarelle Museum; Competition Show; Publicity for Stage Design Exhibitions; WandM Coat-of-Arms; Tom Sawyer Exhibition; Publicity for Frank Lloyd Wright Show; Washington Speech; 19th Century Party; Faraway Farm Information; Drawings of Stage Sets related to WandM (Phi Beta Hall; Taliaferro Hall, Parties)","Museum of Modern Art, New York City, NY: For Us the Living Exhibition","Queens Museum, New York City, NY: Drawings of the 1939 New York World's Fair (Virginia Room)","Virginia Historical Society, Richmond, VA: Four Camouflage Training Displays (Ft. Belvoir – early 40's); Rotunda Club History","Leslie Cheek, Jr. was the second and longest-tenured Director of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts. During his 20 year Directorship (1948-1968), he transformed the museum from a regional gem to a museum that operated on the international stage. ","Born in Nashville, Cheek was the son of Mabel Wood and Leslie Cheek, Sr., who became rich by investing in the family formula for Maxwell House Coffee. Cheek studied art at Harvard University before taking up architecture at Yale University and Columbia. After graduation, he headed to William and Mary College where he founded and headed up the Department of Fine Arts from 1937-1939. In 1939, he married Richmonder Mary Tyler Freeman, daughter of Pulitzer Prize winning author Douglas Southall Freeman. From 1939-1942, Cheek served in his first Directorship at the Baltimore Museum of Fine Art. He left the museum in 1942 to join the Army Corps of Engineers in WWII. ","After the war, he was hired as the Associate Editor of Architectural Forum Magazine and lived in New York City for three years. In 1948, he came to the VMFA as Director, spending 20 years building the collections, endowments, and reputation of the museum. He was  known for the Artmobile, a mobile art program which brought the museum's collections all over the state of Virginia, and the Virginia Museum Theatre which opened in 1955 and successfully integrated the performing and visual arts. ","After retiring in 1968, Cheek stayed active in the arts, and two books were published about his life and career, \"Living by Design\" and \"Designing for the Arts.\" In 1967, the Cheeks purchased a mountaintop home named Skylark Farm in the Blue Ridge Mountains, which they donated to Washington and Lee University in 1977. ","Source:  The Dictionary of Art Historians","Source: Virginia Commonwealth University's  Guide to the Mary Tyler Freeman Cheek McClenahan Papers","This collection is comprised of materials donated by Leslie Cheek, Jr.'s family members. The bulk of this collection was donated to the VMFA Library by Leslie's widow Mary Tyler Freeman Cheek McClenahan in 1993. The remainder of the material was donated by Leslie's children in 2005.","Processing and description were performed by Jennie Runnels in the mid-1990s. Original folder titles were retained. Publications were removed and added to the VMFA Library's holdings. Framed items were disassembled and the materials stored in flat files, with the exception of the few framed items which used archival mats.","The collection's inclusive dates are 1931-1993, with the bulk of the material dating from the 1960s-1980s. The collection is comprised of correspondence, plans, photographs, financial records, interviews, book drafts, exhibition records, travel itineraries, and other ephemeral material.","This series is comprised of correspondence, plans, and photographs related to Skylark Farm, a house and tree farm located in the Blue Ridge Mountains of Virginia, owned, designed and furnished by the Cheeks between 1967 and 1977 when it was donated to Washington and Lee University. The Cheeks were also involved in the transformation of the house into a conference center for the University in the 1990s.","This series is comprised of correspondence, interviews, and exhibition details related to the 1985 publication of \"Living by Design: Leslie Cheek and the Arts,\" which was written by Parke Rouse, Jr. and researched by K. Richmond Temple. The photobiography was released at the same time that a corresponding exhibition entitled \"Cheek and the Arts\" opened at the Muscarelle Museum of Art in December 1985.","This series is comprised of correspondence, drafts, and financial details related to the 1990 publication of \"Designing for the Arts: Environments by Leslie Cheek,\" which was written by K. Richmond Temple. It was designed as a photo essay, and served as volume two to the previously published \"Living by Design\" in 1985.","This series is mainly comprised of correspondence related to a myriad of activities and projects that Cheek took on throughout his career and during his retirement. There is a considerable amount of material created during his tenure as Director of the VMFA. This series also contains oversized materials, including many drawings done by Cheek while in school in the 1930s and after, as well as photographs, mounted clippings, and some bound volumes and drawings.","This series is comprised of correspondence about and the actual awards and degrees conferred upon Cheek throughout his life.","This series is comprised of correspondence, itineraries, and programs detailing the Cheeks' personal travels around the world.","The collection is subject to all copyright laws. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by copyright, beyond that allowed by fair use, requires the researcher to obtain permission of copyright holders.","This collection documents a portion of the life of Leslie Cheek, Jr., the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts' second and longest-tenured Director (1948-1968). One series includes material from his early career and activities before the VMFA, as well as his tenure at the museum, and through his  retirement. Two series document the publication of two photobiographies about Cheek, \"Living by Design\" and \"Designing for the Arts.\" Another series is comprised of materials about Skylark Farm, the house and tree farm located in the Blue Ridge Mountains, owned, designed and furnished by the Cheeks between 1967 and 1977 when it was donated to Washington and Lee University. Other series document the Cheeks' personal world travels in the 1950s-1980s, some of Cheek's awards, and finally, a number of framed architectural drawings done by Cheek as a student in the 1930s.","Virginia Museum of Fine Arts Archives","Yale University","Joseph and Margaret Muscarelle Museum of Art‏","Virginia Museum of Fine Arts","Skylark Farm","Washington and Lee University","Cheek, Leslie, 1908-","McClenahan, Mary Tyler Freeman Cheek, 1917-","Temple, K. Richmond","Rouse, Parke, 1915-1997","English \n.    "],"unitid_tesim":["SC-02","/repositories/2/resources/13"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Leslie Cheek, Jr. Personal Papers (SC-02)"],"collection_title_tesim":["Leslie Cheek, Jr. Personal Papers (SC-02)"],"collection_ssim":["Leslie Cheek, Jr. Personal Papers (SC-02)"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts"],"creator_ssm":["Cheek, Leslie, 1908-","McClenahan, Mary Tyler Freeman Cheek, 1917-","Temple, K. Richmond","Rouse, Parke, 1915-1997","Yale University","Joseph and Margaret Muscarelle Museum of Art‏","Virginia Museum of Fine Arts","Skylark Farm","Washington and Lee University"],"creator_ssim":["Cheek, Leslie, 1908-","McClenahan, Mary Tyler Freeman Cheek, 1917-","Temple, K. Richmond","Rouse, Parke, 1915-1997","Yale University","Joseph and Margaret Muscarelle Museum of Art‏","Virginia Museum of Fine Arts","Skylark Farm","Washington and Lee University"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Cheek, Leslie, 1908-","McClenahan, Mary Tyler Freeman Cheek, 1917-","Temple, K. Richmond","Rouse, Parke, 1915-1997"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Yale University","Joseph and Margaret Muscarelle Museum of Art‏","Virginia Museum of Fine Arts","Skylark Farm","Washington and Lee University"],"creators_ssim":["Cheek, Leslie, 1908-","McClenahan, Mary Tyler Freeman Cheek, 1917-","Temple, K. Richmond","Rouse, Parke, 1915-1997","Yale University","Joseph and Margaret Muscarelle Museum of Art‏","Virginia Museum of Fine Arts","Skylark Farm","Washington and Lee University"],"access_terms_ssm":["The collection is subject to all copyright laws. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by copyright, beyond that allowed by fair use, requires the researcher to obtain permission of copyright holders."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["19.4 Linear Feet 16 boxes; 596 folders and 48 oversized items"],"extent_tesim":["19.4 Linear Feet 16 boxes; 596 folders and 48 oversized items"],"date_range_isim":[1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research. A limited number of files are restricted. Access to restricted materials may require written permission of the donor and/or the VMFA Director.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research. A limited number of files are restricted. Access to restricted materials may require written permission of the donor and/or the VMFA Director."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is organized into six series, folders are arranged in the original order maintained by Cheek, and retain their original folder titles when provided.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003clist type=\"deflist\"\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 1\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSkylark Farm, 1966-1992\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 2\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e\"Living by Design\" and \"Cheek and the Arts,\" 1945-1989\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 3\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e\"Designing for the Arts,\" 1984-1991\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 4\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003ePersonal Files, 1934-1992\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 5\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eAwards and Degrees, 1931-1993\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 6\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eTrips, 1952-1980\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is organized into six series, folders are arranged in the original order maintained by Cheek, and retain their original folder titles when provided.","Series 1 Skylark Farm, 1966-1992 Series 2 \"Living by Design\" and \"Cheek and the Arts,\" 1945-1989 Series 3 \"Designing for the Arts,\" 1984-1991 Series 4 Personal Files, 1934-1992 Series 5 Awards and Degrees, 1931-1993 Series 6 Trips, 1952-1980"],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cbibref\u003eTen Talents in the American Theatre, 1957\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003eLiving by Design: Leslie Cheek and the Arts, 1985\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003eDesigning for the Arts: Environments by Leslie Cheek, 1990\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003eSouthern Civility: Recollections of my Early Life, 2003\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003eDrawings for the Stage by Leslie Cheek, Jr., 1987\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003eVMFA Directors: Leslie Cheek Jr. (4 folders)\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003eVirginia Museum of Fine Arts Director's Correspondence, 1936-1976 (Coll. No. 33863 and 44067) \u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003eVirginia Museum of Fine Arts Exhibition Files, 1936-1992 (Coll No. 31633, 32958, 33041, 33160, 34679, 36342, 36957 and 37636)\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003eArchives of American Art, Washington, DC: Architectural Forum, 1945-47; Time Lab, 1946-47; House Beautiful, 1947; Forum Exhibits, 1946-48; Exhibition Houses, Architectural Forum, 1947; Architectural League; Beauty at the Bar, Architectural League, 1948; Life in USA Houses Speech, Architectural League, 1946; Baltimore Museum Files: Correspondence, Photographs, Exhibition Info and Brochures; Architectural Consultant Files, 1968 to 1992; Above It All (Yale Thesis); Camouflage Info, Fort Belvoir, early 40's; For Us the Living (microfilm, original at MOMA); Oral History Interview\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003eCollege of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA: Photographs of Stage Sets; Articles; Festival Theatre; Publicity for Theatre Development; Publicity for Frobenius; Cheek Award; O'Keefe Affair; Muscarelle Museum; Competition Show; Publicity for Stage Design Exhibitions; WandM Coat-of-Arms; Tom Sawyer Exhibition; Publicity for Frank Lloyd Wright Show; Washington Speech; 19th Century Party; Faraway Farm Information; Drawings of Stage Sets related to WandM (Phi Beta Hall; Taliaferro Hall, Parties)\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003eMuseum of Modern Art, New York City, NY: For Us the Living Exhibition\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003eQueens Museum, New York City, NY: Drawings of the 1939 New York World's Fair (Virginia Room)\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003eVirginia Historical Society, Richmond, VA: Four Camouflage Training Displays (Ft. Belvoir – early 40's); Rotunda Club History\u003c/bibref\u003e"],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Related Materials - VMFA Library: Books","Related Materials - VMFA Library: Exhibition File","Related Materials - VMFA Library: Subject File","Related Materials - Library of Virginia","Related Materials - Other Institutions"],"bibliography_tesim":["Ten Talents in the American Theatre, 1957","Living by Design: Leslie Cheek and the Arts, 1985","Designing for the Arts: Environments by Leslie Cheek, 1990","Southern Civility: Recollections of my Early Life, 2003","Drawings for the Stage by Leslie Cheek, Jr., 1987","VMFA Directors: Leslie Cheek Jr. (4 folders)","Virginia Museum of Fine Arts Director's Correspondence, 1936-1976 (Coll. No. 33863 and 44067) ","Virginia Museum of Fine Arts Exhibition Files, 1936-1992 (Coll No. 31633, 32958, 33041, 33160, 34679, 36342, 36957 and 37636)","Archives of American Art, Washington, DC: Architectural Forum, 1945-47; Time Lab, 1946-47; House Beautiful, 1947; Forum Exhibits, 1946-48; Exhibition Houses, Architectural Forum, 1947; Architectural League; Beauty at the Bar, Architectural League, 1948; Life in USA Houses Speech, Architectural League, 1946; Baltimore Museum Files: Correspondence, Photographs, Exhibition Info and Brochures; Architectural Consultant Files, 1968 to 1992; Above It All (Yale Thesis); Camouflage Info, Fort Belvoir, early 40's; For Us the Living (microfilm, original at MOMA); Oral History Interview","College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA: Photographs of Stage Sets; Articles; Festival Theatre; Publicity for Theatre Development; Publicity for Frobenius; Cheek Award; O'Keefe Affair; Muscarelle Museum; Competition Show; Publicity for Stage Design Exhibitions; WandM Coat-of-Arms; Tom Sawyer Exhibition; Publicity for Frank Lloyd Wright Show; Washington Speech; 19th Century Party; Faraway Farm Information; Drawings of Stage Sets related to WandM (Phi Beta Hall; Taliaferro Hall, Parties)","Museum of Modern Art, New York City, NY: For Us the Living Exhibition","Queens Museum, New York City, NY: Drawings of the 1939 New York World's Fair (Virginia Room)","Virginia Historical Society, Richmond, VA: Four Camouflage Training Displays (Ft. Belvoir – early 40's); Rotunda Club History"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLeslie Cheek, Jr. was the second and longest-tenured Director of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts. During his 20 year Directorship (1948-1968), he transformed the museum from a regional gem to a museum that operated on the international stage. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBorn in Nashville, Cheek was the son of Mabel Wood and Leslie Cheek, Sr., who became rich by investing in the family formula for Maxwell House Coffee. Cheek studied art at Harvard University before taking up architecture at Yale University and Columbia. After graduation, he headed to William and Mary College where he founded and headed up the Department of Fine Arts from 1937-1939. In 1939, he married Richmonder Mary Tyler Freeman, daughter of Pulitzer Prize winning author Douglas Southall Freeman. From 1939-1942, Cheek served in his first Directorship at the Baltimore Museum of Fine Art. He left the museum in 1942 to join the Army Corps of Engineers in WWII. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAfter the war, he was hired as the Associate Editor of Architectural Forum Magazine and lived in New York City for three years. In 1948, he came to the VMFA as Director, spending 20 years building the collections, endowments, and reputation of the museum. He was  known for the Artmobile, a mobile art program which brought the museum's collections all over the state of Virginia, and the Virginia Museum Theatre which opened in 1955 and successfully integrated the performing and visual arts. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAfter retiring in 1968, Cheek stayed active in the arts, and two books were published about his life and career, \"Living by Design\" and \"Designing for the Arts.\" In 1967, the Cheeks purchased a mountaintop home named Skylark Farm in the Blue Ridge Mountains, which they donated to Washington and Lee University in 1977. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSource: \u003ca href=\"http://arthistorians.info/cheekl\"\u003eThe Dictionary of Art Historians\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSource: Virginia Commonwealth University's \u003ca href=\"http://search.vaheritage.org/vivaxtf/view?docId=vcu-cab/vircu00021.xml/\"\u003eGuide to the Mary Tyler Freeman Cheek McClenahan Papers\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Leslie Cheek, Jr. was the second and longest-tenured Director of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts. During his 20 year Directorship (1948-1968), he transformed the museum from a regional gem to a museum that operated on the international stage. ","Born in Nashville, Cheek was the son of Mabel Wood and Leslie Cheek, Sr., who became rich by investing in the family formula for Maxwell House Coffee. Cheek studied art at Harvard University before taking up architecture at Yale University and Columbia. After graduation, he headed to William and Mary College where he founded and headed up the Department of Fine Arts from 1937-1939. In 1939, he married Richmonder Mary Tyler Freeman, daughter of Pulitzer Prize winning author Douglas Southall Freeman. From 1939-1942, Cheek served in his first Directorship at the Baltimore Museum of Fine Art. He left the museum in 1942 to join the Army Corps of Engineers in WWII. ","After the war, he was hired as the Associate Editor of Architectural Forum Magazine and lived in New York City for three years. In 1948, he came to the VMFA as Director, spending 20 years building the collections, endowments, and reputation of the museum. He was  known for the Artmobile, a mobile art program which brought the museum's collections all over the state of Virginia, and the Virginia Museum Theatre which opened in 1955 and successfully integrated the performing and visual arts. ","After retiring in 1968, Cheek stayed active in the arts, and two books were published about his life and career, \"Living by Design\" and \"Designing for the Arts.\" In 1967, the Cheeks purchased a mountaintop home named Skylark Farm in the Blue Ridge Mountains, which they donated to Washington and Lee University in 1977. ","Source:  The Dictionary of Art Historians","Source: Virginia Commonwealth University's  Guide to the Mary Tyler Freeman Cheek McClenahan Papers"],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is comprised of materials donated by Leslie Cheek, Jr.'s family members. The bulk of this collection was donated to the VMFA Library by Leslie's widow Mary Tyler Freeman Cheek McClenahan in 1993. The remainder of the material was donated by Leslie's children in 2005.\u003c/p\u003e"],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Provenance"],"custodhist_tesim":["This collection is comprised of materials donated by Leslie Cheek, Jr.'s family members. The bulk of this collection was donated to the VMFA Library by Leslie's widow Mary Tyler Freeman Cheek McClenahan in 1993. The remainder of the material was donated by Leslie's children in 2005."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLeslie Cheek, Jr. Personal Papers (SC-02). Gift of Mary Tyler Cheek McClenahan, Leslie Cheek III, Richard W. Cheek, and Elizabeth C. Morgan. VMFA Archives, Richmond, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Leslie Cheek, Jr. Personal Papers (SC-02). Gift of Mary Tyler Cheek McClenahan, Leslie Cheek III, Richard W. Cheek, and Elizabeth C. Morgan. VMFA Archives, Richmond, Virginia."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessing and description were performed by Jennie Runnels in the mid-1990s. Original folder titles were retained. Publications were removed and added to the VMFA Library's holdings. Framed items were disassembled and the materials stored in flat files, with the exception of the few framed items which used archival mats.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Note"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processing and description were performed by Jennie Runnels in the mid-1990s. Original folder titles were retained. Publications were removed and added to the VMFA Library's holdings. Framed items were disassembled and the materials stored in flat files, with the exception of the few framed items which used archival mats."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection's inclusive dates are 1931-1993, with the bulk of the material dating from the 1960s-1980s. The collection is comprised of correspondence, plans, photographs, financial records, interviews, book drafts, exhibition records, travel itineraries, and other ephemeral material.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series is comprised of correspondence, plans, and photographs related to Skylark Farm, a house and tree farm located in the Blue Ridge Mountains of Virginia, owned, designed and furnished by the Cheeks between 1967 and 1977 when it was donated to Washington and Lee University. The Cheeks were also involved in the transformation of the house into a conference center for the University in the 1990s.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series is comprised of correspondence, interviews, and exhibition details related to the 1985 publication of \"Living by Design: Leslie Cheek and the Arts,\" which was written by Parke Rouse, Jr. and researched by K. Richmond Temple. The photobiography was released at the same time that a corresponding exhibition entitled \"Cheek and the Arts\" opened at the Muscarelle Museum of Art in December 1985.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series is comprised of correspondence, drafts, and financial details related to the 1990 publication of \"Designing for the Arts: Environments by Leslie Cheek,\" which was written by K. Richmond Temple. It was designed as a photo essay, and served as volume two to the previously published \"Living by Design\" in 1985.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series is mainly comprised of correspondence related to a myriad of activities and projects that Cheek took on throughout his career and during his retirement. There is a considerable amount of material created during his tenure as Director of the VMFA. This series also contains oversized materials, including many drawings done by Cheek while in school in the 1930s and after, as well as photographs, mounted clippings, and some bound volumes and drawings.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series is comprised of correspondence about and the actual awards and degrees conferred upon Cheek throughout his life.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series is comprised of correspondence, itineraries, and programs detailing the Cheeks' personal travels around the world.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content Note","Series Description","Series Description","Series Description","Series Description","Series Description","Series Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection's inclusive dates are 1931-1993, with the bulk of the material dating from the 1960s-1980s. The collection is comprised of correspondence, plans, photographs, financial records, interviews, book drafts, exhibition records, travel itineraries, and other ephemeral material.","This series is comprised of correspondence, plans, and photographs related to Skylark Farm, a house and tree farm located in the Blue Ridge Mountains of Virginia, owned, designed and furnished by the Cheeks between 1967 and 1977 when it was donated to Washington and Lee University. The Cheeks were also involved in the transformation of the house into a conference center for the University in the 1990s.","This series is comprised of correspondence, interviews, and exhibition details related to the 1985 publication of \"Living by Design: Leslie Cheek and the Arts,\" which was written by Parke Rouse, Jr. and researched by K. Richmond Temple. The photobiography was released at the same time that a corresponding exhibition entitled \"Cheek and the Arts\" opened at the Muscarelle Museum of Art in December 1985.","This series is comprised of correspondence, drafts, and financial details related to the 1990 publication of \"Designing for the Arts: Environments by Leslie Cheek,\" which was written by K. Richmond Temple. It was designed as a photo essay, and served as volume two to the previously published \"Living by Design\" in 1985.","This series is mainly comprised of correspondence related to a myriad of activities and projects that Cheek took on throughout his career and during his retirement. There is a considerable amount of material created during his tenure as Director of the VMFA. This series also contains oversized materials, including many drawings done by Cheek while in school in the 1930s and after, as well as photographs, mounted clippings, and some bound volumes and drawings.","This series is comprised of correspondence about and the actual awards and degrees conferred upon Cheek throughout his life.","This series is comprised of correspondence, itineraries, and programs detailing the Cheeks' personal travels around the world."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is subject to all copyright laws. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by copyright, beyond that allowed by fair use, requires the researcher to obtain permission of copyright holders.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Publication"],"userestrict_tesim":["The collection is subject to all copyright laws. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by copyright, beyond that allowed by fair use, requires the researcher to obtain permission of copyright holders."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_1c02dc40e094a70e20450781f6a750e4\"\u003eThis collection documents a portion of the life of Leslie Cheek, Jr., the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts' second and longest-tenured Director (1948-1968). One series includes material from his early career and activities before the VMFA, as well as his tenure at the museum, and through his  retirement. Two series document the publication of two photobiographies about Cheek, \"Living by Design\" and \"Designing for the Arts.\" Another series is comprised of materials about Skylark Farm, the house and tree farm located in the Blue Ridge Mountains, owned, designed and furnished by the Cheeks between 1967 and 1977 when it was donated to Washington and Lee University. Other series document the Cheeks' personal world travels in the 1950s-1980s, some of Cheek's awards, and finally, a number of framed architectural drawings done by Cheek as a student in the 1930s.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["This collection documents a portion of the life of Leslie Cheek, Jr., the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts' second and longest-tenured Director (1948-1968). One series includes material from his early career and activities before the VMFA, as well as his tenure at the museum, and through his  retirement. Two series document the publication of two photobiographies about Cheek, \"Living by Design\" and \"Designing for the Arts.\" Another series is comprised of materials about Skylark Farm, the house and tree farm located in the Blue Ridge Mountains, owned, designed and furnished by the Cheeks between 1967 and 1977 when it was donated to Washington and Lee University. Other series document the Cheeks' personal world travels in the 1950s-1980s, some of Cheek's awards, and finally, a number of framed architectural drawings done by Cheek as a student in the 1930s."],"names_ssim":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts Archives","Yale University","Joseph and Margaret Muscarelle Museum of Art‏","Virginia Museum of Fine Arts","Skylark Farm","Washington and Lee University","Cheek, Leslie, 1908-","McClenahan, Mary Tyler Freeman Cheek, 1917-","Temple, K. Richmond","Rouse, Parke, 1915-1997"],"corpname_ssim":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts Archives","Yale University","Joseph and Margaret Muscarelle Museum of Art‏","Virginia Museum of Fine Arts","Skylark Farm","Washington and Lee University"],"persname_ssim":["Cheek, Leslie, 1908-","McClenahan, Mary Tyler Freeman Cheek, 1917-","Temple, K. Richmond","Rouse, Parke, 1915-1997"],"language_ssim":["English \n.    "],"total_component_count_is":648,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T03:35:59.708Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/virmu_repositories_2_resources_13_c04_c28"}},{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9853_c01_c01_c13_c01","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"\"1946-1954: Cold Wars and the Dream Deferred\"","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_9853_c01_c01_c13_c01#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9853_c01_c01_c13_c01","ref_ssm":["viw_repositories_2_resources_9853_c01_c01_c13_c01"],"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9853_c01_c01_c13_c01","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9853","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9853","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9853_c01_c01_c13","parent_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9853_c01_c01_c13","parent_ssim":["viw_repositories_2_resources_9853","viw_repositories_2_resources_9853_c01","viw_repositories_2_resources_9853_c01_c01","viw_repositories_2_resources_9853_c01_c01_c13"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viw_repositories_2_resources_9853","viw_repositories_2_resources_9853_c01","viw_repositories_2_resources_9853_c01_c01","viw_repositories_2_resources_9853_c01_c01_c13"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Richard Wright Collection of Graphic Images of African Americans","Series 1: Research files","\"Clean Fun: Blacks in Comics\"","\"Clean Fun: Blacks in Comics, 1946-1954: Realistic Comics; EC; Pal, Lantz, Kelley; 1955-1974, Integration; Modern; Fritz \u0026 Friends"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Richard Wright Collection of Graphic Images of African Americans","Series 1: Research files","\"Clean Fun: Blacks in Comics\"","\"Clean Fun: Blacks in Comics, 1946-1954: Realistic Comics; EC; Pal, Lantz, Kelley; 1955-1974, Integration; Modern; Fritz \u0026 Friends"],"text":["Richard Wright Collection of Graphic Images of African Americans","Series 1: Research files","\"Clean Fun: Blacks in Comics\"","\"Clean Fun: Blacks in Comics, 1946-1954: Realistic Comics; EC; Pal, Lantz, Kelley; 1955-1974, Integration; Modern; Fritz \u0026 Friends","\"1946-1954: Cold Wars and the Dream Deferred\"","Box 13","folder 45"],"title_filing_ssi":"\"1946-1954: Cold Wars and the Dream Deferred\"","title_ssm":["\"1946-1954: Cold Wars and the Dream Deferred\""],"title_tesim":["\"1946-1954: Cold Wars and the Dream Deferred\""],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1950-2008"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1950/2008"],"normalized_title_ssm":["\"1946-1954: Cold Wars and the Dream Deferred\""],"component_level_isim":[4],"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"collection_ssim":["Richard Wright Collection of Graphic Images of African Americans"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":60,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Curator of Manuscripts and Rare Books, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"date_range_isim":[1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008],"containers_ssim":["Box 13","folder 45"],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#0/components#12/components#0","timestamp":"2026-05-21T07:21:03Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9853","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9853","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9853","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9853","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_9853.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Richard Wright Collection of Graphic Images of African Americans","title_ssm":["Richard Wright Collection of Graphic Images of African Americans"],"title_tesim":["Richard Wright Collection of Graphic Images of African Americans"],"unitdate_ssm":["1806-2017"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1806-2017"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS 00317","/repositories/2/resources/9853"],"text":["MS 00317","/repositories/2/resources/9853","Richard Wright Collection of Graphic Images of African Americans","Comic books, strips, etc","African Americans--Caricatures and cartoons","Racism in popular culture","Drawings (visual works)","Motion pictures (visual work)","Sheet music","Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","This collection is arranged into nine series: Research files, Collecting records, Minstrel shows, Scrapbooks and portfolios, Original artwork, Print and poster reproductions, Newspapers, Printed materials, and Audiovisual materials. ","Published books and comics can be found in our Rare Books collection.","Richard Wright (1946-2019) grew up in New York and attended college at Bradley University in Peoria, IL on an academic scholarship. He originally planned to study chemistry but graduated with a Bachelor of Political Science instead. ","\nWright moved to Stamford, Connecticut, where he met and married Minister Deborah V. P. Wright (1953-2012). They had three children together: Aaron Person, Joslynn S. Hamlet, and Porchia M. W. Smith.","\nWright spent the bulk of his career working as a court officer in the social services Department of Child Support in Connecticut until his retirement in 2013. He then moved to Williamsburg, Virgina, where he lived until his passing in 2019.","\nHe was an active member of Faith Tabernacle Missionary Baptist Church in Stamford, Connecticut. He served as a member of the trustee board, and sang in the Male Chorus and Inspirational Choir. Upon relocating to Williamsburg, VA, he joined Colossian Baptist Church in Newport News, and once again served as a choir member. ","\nOutside of the church, Wright also served as the president of the Stamford Chapter of the NAACP, was a member of Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity Inc., and worked as a volunteer and mentor for a substance abuse rehabilitation program called Liberation House.","\nWhile living in Stamford, Wright began collecting Black comic books in 1986 because \"he wanted to have a hobby.\" His collection eventually grew beyond comics to include books, art works, photographs, and audio visual materials on the same topic. He saw the images that he collected over the years as a way to better tell the story of the depiction of Black Americans in visual media. In 2019, Wright donated his collection to William \u0026 Mary so that it might be \"a helpful resource to students\" in the future.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.","Comic book volumes and other published materials included with this collection have been transfered to Rare Books and cataloged individually.","This collection, compiled by Richard Wright, focuses on the evolution of the Black American image in print media, cartoons and comics. Wright organized his own historical timeline titled \"Good Clean Fun: Blacks in Comics,\" also referred to as \"Clean Fun: Blacks in Comics,\" in a series of binders with artist biographies and time period summaries. Item titles have been retained from the original labels.","Materials in this collection include: books, comic books, magazines, prints, reference books, slides, photographs, CDs, DVDs, sheet music, newspaper strips, lithographs, and artwork. ","Research notes, biographies and timelines compiled or authored by Richard Wright. The original binder names have been retained.","A series of binders compiled by Richard Wright on the history of Black American depictions in comic art.","Part one of four. The full orginial title for the binder that housed these materials was \"Clean Fun: Blacks in Comics, African American Artists in the Mainstream: Jules Lion; Geo Herriman; E. Simms Campbell; Matt Baker; Morrie Turner; Brandon Brumsic; Ted Shearer; Black Images for Black People; Ebony; Golden Legacy; Aimed at Afro Market; Negro Romances; Negro Heroes; Hep/Sepia/Jive; In the Black Press; Ollie Harrington; Jackie Ormes; Tom Feelings; Current Artists; Denys Cowans; Ray Billingsley.\"","Part two of four. The full orginial title for the binder that housed these materials was \"Clean Fun: Blacks in Comics, African American Artists in the Mainstream: Jules Lion; Geo Herriman; E. Simms Campbell; Matt Baker; Morrie Turner; Brandon Brumsic; Ted Shearer; Black Images for Black People; Ebony; Golden Legacy; Aimed at Afro Market; Negro Romances; Negro Heroes; Hep/Sepia/Jive; In the Black Press; Ollie Harrington; Jackie Ormes; Tom Feelings; Current Artists; Denys Cowans; Ray Billingsley.\"","Part three of four. The full orginial title for the binder that housed these materials was \"Clean Fun: Blacks in Comics, African American Artists in the Mainstream: Jules Lion; Geo Herriman; E. Simms Campbell; Matt Baker; Morrie Turner; Brandon Brumsic; Ted Shearer; Black Images for Black People; Ebony; Golden Legacy; Aimed at Afro Market; Negro Romances; Negro Heroes; Hep/Sepia/Jive; In the Black Press; Ollie Harrington; Jackie Ormes; Tom Feelings; Current Artists; Denys Cowans; Ray Billingsley.\"","Part four of four. The full orginial title for the binder that housed these materials was \"Clean Fun: Blacks in Comics, African American Artists in the Mainstream: Jules Lion; Geo Herriman; E. Simms Campbell; Matt Baker; Morrie Turner; Brandon Brumsic; Ted Shearer; Black Images for Black People; Ebony; Golden Legacy; Aimed at Afro Market; Negro Romances; Negro Heroes; Hep/Sepia/Jive; In the Black Press; Ollie Harrington; Jackie Ormes; Tom Feelings; Current Artists; Denys Cowans; Ray Billingsley.\"","Arrangement and titles of folders are retained from Wright.","Arrangement and titles of folders are retained from Wright.","Arrangement and titles of folders are retained from Wright.","Records pertaining to Wright's collecting process, such as purchase documentation and comic research. Retains Wright's original titles and organization.","This series retains original titles and organization.","Scrapbooks and porfolios compiled by Richard Wright. Original order and names retained.","An album with a red cover and a title note taped to the front by Richard Wright that reads \"1890's Black Newspaper Cartoons: Howarth, Hamilton, et. al.\"","A portfolio compiled by Richard Wright of cartoons with Black protagonists from a variety of artists and publishers between the 19th and 20th century.","A spiral bound book with a green cover. The words \"Scrap Book\" are on the front in black, the \"o\"s in \"book\" form the handles of a pair of scissors in the design. The contents of the book are comic clipping of \"Henry\" and \"Lulu\" from various newspapers.","A portfolio compiled by Richard Wright of Currier \u0026 Ives caricature cartoon prints featuring Black protagonists from the late 1800s.","A portfolio compiled by Richard Wright of Currier \u0026 Ives' \"Darktown\" print series.","A scrapbook with a red cover with gold lettering. A sticker on the spine reads \"1872.\" The contents of the book are illustration clippings from issues of Harper's Weekly.","Newspaper clippings of \"The Gumps\" by Sidney Smith from The Cleveland News. Signed by the artist with handwritten note.","Newspaper clippings of \"The Gumps\" by Sidney Smith from The Cleveland News. Signed by the artist.","Newspaper clippings of \"The Gumps\" by Sidney Smith from The Cleveland News. Signed by the artist.","A grey, tan, and gold covered scrapbook. The words \"Scrap Book\" are embossed on the cover along with two peony flowers. The contents are newspaper cartoon clippings from unmarked sources.","Arranged alphabetically by title.","Orginal four panel comic layout with edits, pasted text bubbles and handdrawn images.","A two part series, there are two versions of the print titled \"A Crack Trotter - A little off\" and one print of \"A Crack Trotter - Coming Around.\"","A print on board.","This cel has five characters standing side by side in the asile of a store.","This cel has three characters on a city street corner at night.","A character bust sketch in pencil. The figure is wearing glasses and a button up shirt. There is a scale measurement in the bottom right corner, and notes along the edges.","A multilayer animation cel with three sheets of film introductory text.","Two pen and pencil sketches on paper, the second is titled \"Fast Black\" and is signed A.L.S.","Original Black Panther comic panel in pen and ink with blue sketch lines, pencil notes, and corrections visible.","Handpainted animation cel signed by the artist and producer.","Two versions of the same cartoon: showing edits in color and design between the first and second editions.","Original comic panel with edits and the artist's signature in pen and ink.","Two original comic panels in pen and ink with edits, visible blue lines, and pencil notes. Signed by the artist.","A colored pencil and graphite character sketch for the film \"Coal Black and De Sebban Dwarfs.\" Signed by the artist and accompanied by the sales paperwork from when it was acquired by Richard Wright.","A handpainted animation cel for the movie \"Coonskin.\" Features a bust of one of the characters with a few background lines, and the identifier \"1H56, 5\" in the bottom right corner.","A series of animation character sketches on translucent paper.","An original comic panel signed by E. Simms Campbell. Done in pencil and ink with visible edits and commentary.","An original comic panel signed by Chester Gould. Done in pencil and ink with visible edits.","An original comic panel signed by Paul Smith. Done in pencil and ink with visible edits and commentary.","A handpainted animation cel featuring four characters from \"Fat Albert and the Cosby Kids.\" The cel is labeled \"FA STK 2027A B-5.\"","A handpainted animation cel featuring seven characters from \"Fat Albert and the Cosby Kids.\" The cel is labeled \"copyright 1981 - William H. Cosby Jr. - Film Assoc.\"","Sketch in colored pencil and graphite with animation notes and the identifier \"Se. 142, STK BG 1909, FA-79\" in the bottom right corner.","A sketch of a man holding a basketball in blue pencil and graphite. The label \"PB4\" is featured multiple times around the image, and the bottom of the page is stamped with \"50-2, 3.\"","A multi-layer hand-painted animation cel with a background, a foreground, and a figure layer.","A multi-layer hand-painted animation cel with a background, a foreground, and a figure layer.","A multi-layer hand-painted animation cel with a background, a foreground, and a figure layer.","A numbered limited edition Heavy Traffic poster. 73/260","Handpainted animation cel of \"Carol\" from \"Heavy Traffic\" with certificate of authenticity and sales information.","A cartoon drawn in pencil and signed by Henry Jackson. In red marker along the bottom of the work, someone has written \" Examiner Art Staff 1960s - (now deceased)\"","A political poster featuring a white and a Black solider shaking hands across from Uncle Sam. Produced by M.A.Stern Chicago.","Original comic panel done in pen and graphite, signed and dated by the artist. Title and trademark information are pasted onto the work, and writing along the bottom edge reads \"to Bill Glasgow.\"","Original animation model sketch of \"Inky\" from Warner Bros Studios. Accompanied by a certificate of authenticity.","Signed by the artist. Original panel on cardboard in ink and graphite. A caption at the bottom reads \"The high cost of foods done me more good than my [acolicing?] salon.\"","An animation cel featuring all three main characters from \"Josie and the Pussy Cats\" playing instruments on a stage. Their names written underneath their images, \"Josie, Melody, and Valerie.\" Words in the top left read \"Prod # 51, (standard size). The bottom right is copyrighted by Hanna-Barbera Productions, Inc., and dated 1970.","An animation cel featuring all three main characters from \"Josie and the Pussy Cats\" with a street scene background.","Sketch in colored pencil, graphite, and watercolor of a Fish in a bowler hat smoking a cigar.","An original comic panel in ink and graphite with visible edits, signed by the artist.","Handpainted animation cel of Uhura in uniform.","Character sketch in colored pencil and graphite with notes.","Character sketch in colored pencil and graphite. Accompanied by certificate of authenticity.","Original drawing in ink, titled in the bottom left and numbered in the bottom right.","Original comic panel in ink, graphite, and gouache paint with visible edits, and notes.","Original comic panel in ink and graphite, signed by the artist. Water damage along the bottom edge.","Two different print versions of the same image, showing varied color and tint choices.","Original comic panel in ink, graphite, blue pencil, and gouache paint with visible edits, and notes. Blue pencil notes at the top left corner read \" Page #13, Annual #94, Mn 7. \u0026 7. Force.\"","Original comic panel in ink with caption edits, accompanited by a handwritten letters by the artist, and the dealer information. The letters are addressed to Rev. E.F. Strickland, dated 1883 September 12 and 1883 October 20, and regard a request for a drawing.","An original comic panel in graphite and ink that appears to have been cut off from a larger comic strip. The artist signature in the bottom left is cut in half. Dated \"Fri May 1,\" 1959. And titled \"Capt. Easy\".","An untitled drawing of a boy facing away from the viewer. He is dressed in overalls with one strap, holding a bag in his left hand, and a stick in his right. Writing beneath the image reads \"SC. 28A\".","An untitled drawing of a man holding a boomerang. The number \"146\" is in the bottom right corner.","An untitled drawing of a female torso clad in an apron and wearing slippers. Writing beneath the drawing read \" Prod89 SC54, 269.\"","An untitled drawing of a female torso wearing an apron and slippers balancing on a tipping kitchen stool. There are notes written all over the image with measurements and accompanying arrows.","An untitled female figure wearing a headscarf and dressed in an apron over a polka-dot dress. Writing along the bottom of the image read \"AJ\" and \"542.\"","A series of motion sketches of a baby accompanied by a female figure.","A sketch of the centaur \"Otika\" from Disney's Fantasia.","Bust sketches of two women discussing laundry.","A drawing of Jerry wearing a napkin around his neck as he walks away to the right with a scowl on his face. The number \"50\" is in the bottom right.","A hand painted animation cel of Tom behind a person on stilts.","A drawing of Tom pouncing around the corner of a wall with paws outstretched. Notes on the drawing read \"to reg. see #129\", and the number \"133\" is in the bottom right corner.","An original comic panel for \"Outdoor Sports\" in ink, graphite, and blue pencil. Signed and dated by the artist.","A painting on paper of a donkey and three birds in a fenced field with a farm house in the background. Signed and titled in the bottom left.","An original comic panel in ink, paint, and graphite for a political cartoon.","Original comic panel in ink, graphite, red pen, and gouache paint with visible edits, and notes. Signed by the artist.","An original comic panel in ink and graphite of a man plucking petals off a flower. The title is written in pencil along the bottom edge.","A multi-layer, hand painted, animation cel. Signed by both artists. Numbered \"59/100\" in the bottom right corner.","A still life print on board that has been painted over.","An original comic panel in ink, graphite, and white-out on board. It features a man trying to fix a soda vending machine.","An original comic panel in in and graphite titled \"Walnuts\" from \"Sunflower Street.\" Signed by the arts and dated.","Two different printings of the same cartoon with color variances.","A handpainted animation cel of two character in clown make-up and costumes. The one on the left is labeled as \"Buckwheat as a clown,\" and the one on the right is labeled \"Porky as a clown.\" The cel is titled along the top edge and numbered \"0132-8207.\" Notes cover the entire cel in pencil and pen, the majority appear to be color identifcation numbers.","A drawing in ink and graphite of three men playing cards at a table. The title of the work is in pencil along the bottom edge, along with the artist's signature.","A print of \"Little Eva,\" and \"Uncle Tom\" sitting in the shade of a tree with a shack in the background. \"Eva\" has a book on her lap and gestures off in the distance.","A sketch in graphite of a old man wearing suspenders, oversized shoes, a tiny bowler hat, and carrying a crooked cane. The number \"143\" is written in the bottom right corner, and a the words \" PROD 1 52SC 1 6\" are stamped next to it.","A painted animation cel bust drawing of a bird in a hat. The hat is a purple tricorne with an oversized safety pin stuck through the front. The bird is white with yellow eyes and an orange beak and appears to be a seagull. The cel is accompaied by an information tag and a scan of a He-Man scene.","A print of seven men dressed in red and yellow shirts and caps with blue pinstriped pants and red shoes with yellow and red stockings. The men have axes and are working with trimmed sticks which are piled up behind them. One man has cut himself in half instead of the stick he is holding.","A sketch of a man in a top hat and coattails hanging on the back of a bucking horse. Signed \"FC\" in the bottom right corner.","A print of a woman walking beside a man holding a baby. Both are dressed in formal wear, and rendered in shades of tan, brown, and pink. Signed by the artist in the bottom right corner, with the letters difficult to make out.","Two prints, each a bust of a Black child. One in a three-quarters pose, the other looking directly at the viewer.","A woodblock print of a man, woman, and child in formal wear, their features are rendered in blocky forms akin to stylized masks.","A matted painted animation cel of Valerie Brown in her Pussy Cat costume holding two tambourines.","A bust sketch of Valerie Brown in blue pencil and graphite. Notes at the bottom right corner read \"7FC SC.31 6e-2 bq.31.\"","A multi-layer painted animation cel. Features a man with his hands clasped triumphantly above his head standing against a background of a junk pile and wooden wall. Text along the top edge reads \"Fa01 BGS4\" and text along the bottom edge reads \"FA STG 2027A WH5.\"","Arranged alphabetically by title.","From the series \"Negro Drawings,\" plate 42.","From the series \"Negro Drawings,\" plate 42.","Three prints; the two by Walker are published by Currier \u0026 Ives.","Two different print versions.","Oversized poster.","Two versions of the same print.","Print on canvas.","Two rolled posters.","A printout of a man in a bowler hat carrying a cane while wearing a suit.","Pixelated photographs of a comic showing two Black children sitting beside a shotgun.","Two different scenes of a man and woman in fancy dress.","This cover shows a white man with one hand on a revolver standing over a Black man laying on the ground.","Primarily \"Mickey Finn\" and \"Don Winslow of the Navy.\"","Omaha World Herald","Reproduction.","Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Curator of Manuscripts and Rare Books, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.","Special Collections Research Center","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MS 00317","/repositories/2/resources/9853"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Richard Wright Collection of Graphic Images of African Americans"],"collection_title_tesim":["Richard Wright Collection of Graphic Images of African Americans"],"collection_ssim":["Richard Wright Collection of Graphic Images of African Americans"],"repository_ssm":["College of William and Mary"],"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Curator of Manuscripts and Rare Books, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donated by Richard Wright."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Comic books, strips, etc","African Americans--Caricatures and cartoons","Racism in popular culture","Drawings (visual works)","Motion pictures (visual work)","Sheet music"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Comic books, strips, etc","African Americans--Caricatures and cartoons","Racism in popular culture","Drawings (visual works)","Motion pictures (visual work)","Sheet music"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["21.68 Linear Feet 52 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["21.68 Linear Feet 52 boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["Drawings (visual works)","Motion pictures (visual work)","Sheet music"],"date_range_isim":[1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged into nine series: Research files, Collecting records, Minstrel shows, Scrapbooks and portfolios, Original artwork, Print and poster reproductions, Newspapers, Printed materials, and Audiovisual materials. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePublished books and comics can be found in our Rare Books collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged into nine series: Research files, Collecting records, Minstrel shows, Scrapbooks and portfolios, Original artwork, Print and poster reproductions, Newspapers, Printed materials, and Audiovisual materials. ","Published books and comics can be found in our Rare Books collection."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRichard Wright (1946-2019) grew up in New York and attended college at Bradley University in Peoria, IL on an academic scholarship. He originally planned to study chemistry but graduated with a Bachelor of Political Science instead. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nWright moved to Stamford, Connecticut, where he met and married Minister Deborah V. P. Wright (1953-2012). They had three children together: Aaron Person, Joslynn S. Hamlet, and Porchia M. W. Smith.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nWright spent the bulk of his career working as a court officer in the social services Department of Child Support in Connecticut until his retirement in 2013. He then moved to Williamsburg, Virgina, where he lived until his passing in 2019.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nHe was an active member of Faith Tabernacle Missionary Baptist Church in Stamford, Connecticut. He served as a member of the trustee board, and sang in the Male Chorus and Inspirational Choir. Upon relocating to Williamsburg, VA, he joined Colossian Baptist Church in Newport News, and once again served as a choir member. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nOutside of the church, Wright also served as the president of the Stamford Chapter of the NAACP, was a member of Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity Inc., and worked as a volunteer and mentor for a substance abuse rehabilitation program called Liberation House.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nWhile living in Stamford, Wright began collecting Black comic books in 1986 because \"he wanted to have a hobby.\" His collection eventually grew beyond comics to include books, art works, photographs, and audio visual materials on the same topic. He saw the images that he collected over the years as a way to better tell the story of the depiction of Black Americans in visual media. In 2019, Wright donated his collection to William \u0026amp; Mary so that it might be \"a helpful resource to students\" in the future.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Richard Wright (1946-2019) grew up in New York and attended college at Bradley University in Peoria, IL on an academic scholarship. He originally planned to study chemistry but graduated with a Bachelor of Political Science instead. ","\nWright moved to Stamford, Connecticut, where he met and married Minister Deborah V. P. Wright (1953-2012). They had three children together: Aaron Person, Joslynn S. Hamlet, and Porchia M. W. Smith.","\nWright spent the bulk of his career working as a court officer in the social services Department of Child Support in Connecticut until his retirement in 2013. He then moved to Williamsburg, Virgina, where he lived until his passing in 2019.","\nHe was an active member of Faith Tabernacle Missionary Baptist Church in Stamford, Connecticut. He served as a member of the trustee board, and sang in the Male Chorus and Inspirational Choir. Upon relocating to Williamsburg, VA, he joined Colossian Baptist Church in Newport News, and once again served as a choir member. ","\nOutside of the church, Wright also served as the president of the Stamford Chapter of the NAACP, was a member of Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity Inc., and worked as a volunteer and mentor for a substance abuse rehabilitation program called Liberation House.","\nWhile living in Stamford, Wright began collecting Black comic books in 1986 because \"he wanted to have a hobby.\" His collection eventually grew beyond comics to include books, art works, photographs, and audio visual materials on the same topic. He saw the images that he collected over the years as a way to better tell the story of the depiction of Black Americans in visual media. In 2019, Wright donated his collection to William \u0026 Mary so that it might be \"a helpful resource to students\" in the future."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWilliam \u0026amp; Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWilliam \u0026amp; Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWilliam \u0026amp; Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWilliam \u0026amp; Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWilliam \u0026amp; Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWilliam \u0026amp; Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWilliam \u0026amp; Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWilliam \u0026amp; Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWilliam \u0026amp; Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWilliam \u0026amp; Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWilliam \u0026amp; Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWilliam \u0026amp; Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWilliam \u0026amp; Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWilliam \u0026amp; Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWilliam \u0026amp; Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWilliam \u0026amp; Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWilliam \u0026amp; Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWilliam \u0026amp; Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWilliam \u0026amp; Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWilliam \u0026amp; Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General"],"odd_tesim":["William \u0026 Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRichard Wright Collection of Graphic Images of African Americans, Special Collections Research Center, William \u0026amp; Mary Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Richard Wright Collection of Graphic Images of African Americans, Special Collections Research Center, William \u0026 Mary Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eComic book volumes and other published materials included with this collection have been transfered to Rare Books and cataloged individually.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Comic book volumes and other published materials included with this collection have been transfered to Rare Books and cataloged individually."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection, compiled by Richard Wright, focuses on the evolution of the Black American image in print media, cartoons and comics. Wright organized his own historical timeline titled \"Good Clean Fun: Blacks in Comics,\" also referred to as \"Clean Fun: Blacks in Comics,\" in a series of binders with artist biographies and time period summaries. Item titles have been retained from the original labels.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMaterials in this collection include: books, comic books, magazines, prints, reference books, slides, photographs, CDs, DVDs, sheet music, newspaper strips, lithographs, and artwork. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResearch notes, biographies and timelines compiled or authored by Richard Wright. The original binder names have been retained.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA series of binders compiled by Richard Wright on the history of Black American depictions in comic art.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePart one of four. The full orginial title for the binder that housed these materials was \"Clean Fun: Blacks in Comics, African American Artists in the Mainstream: Jules Lion; Geo Herriman; E. Simms Campbell; Matt Baker; Morrie Turner; Brandon Brumsic; Ted Shearer; Black Images for Black People; Ebony; Golden Legacy; Aimed at Afro Market; Negro Romances; Negro Heroes; Hep/Sepia/Jive; In the Black Press; Ollie Harrington; Jackie Ormes; Tom Feelings; Current Artists; Denys Cowans; Ray Billingsley.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePart two of four. The full orginial title for the binder that housed these materials was \"Clean Fun: Blacks in Comics, African American Artists in the Mainstream: Jules Lion; Geo Herriman; E. Simms Campbell; Matt Baker; Morrie Turner; Brandon Brumsic; Ted Shearer; Black Images for Black People; Ebony; Golden Legacy; Aimed at Afro Market; Negro Romances; Negro Heroes; Hep/Sepia/Jive; In the Black Press; Ollie Harrington; Jackie Ormes; Tom Feelings; Current Artists; Denys Cowans; Ray Billingsley.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePart three of four. The full orginial title for the binder that housed these materials was \"Clean Fun: Blacks in Comics, African American Artists in the Mainstream: Jules Lion; Geo Herriman; E. Simms Campbell; Matt Baker; Morrie Turner; Brandon Brumsic; Ted Shearer; Black Images for Black People; Ebony; Golden Legacy; Aimed at Afro Market; Negro Romances; Negro Heroes; Hep/Sepia/Jive; In the Black Press; Ollie Harrington; Jackie Ormes; Tom Feelings; Current Artists; Denys Cowans; Ray Billingsley.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePart four of four. The full orginial title for the binder that housed these materials was \"Clean Fun: Blacks in Comics, African American Artists in the Mainstream: Jules Lion; Geo Herriman; E. Simms Campbell; Matt Baker; Morrie Turner; Brandon Brumsic; Ted Shearer; Black Images for Black People; Ebony; Golden Legacy; Aimed at Afro Market; Negro Romances; Negro Heroes; Hep/Sepia/Jive; In the Black Press; Ollie Harrington; Jackie Ormes; Tom Feelings; Current Artists; Denys Cowans; Ray Billingsley.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArrangement and titles of folders are retained from Wright.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArrangement and titles of folders are retained from Wright.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArrangement and titles of folders are retained from Wright.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords pertaining to Wright's collecting process, such as purchase documentation and comic research. Retains Wright's original titles and organization.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series retains original titles and organization.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScrapbooks and porfolios compiled by Richard Wright. Original order and names retained.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAn album with a red cover and a title note taped to the front by Richard Wright that reads \"1890's Black Newspaper Cartoons: Howarth, Hamilton, et. al.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA portfolio compiled by Richard Wright of cartoons with Black protagonists from a variety of artists and publishers between the 19th and 20th century.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA spiral bound book with a green cover. The words \"Scrap Book\" are on the front in black, the \"o\"s in \"book\" form the handles of a pair of scissors in the design. The contents of the book are comic clipping of \"Henry\" and \"Lulu\" from various newspapers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA portfolio compiled by Richard Wright of Currier \u0026amp; Ives caricature cartoon prints featuring Black protagonists from the late 1800s.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA portfolio compiled by Richard Wright of Currier \u0026amp; Ives' \"Darktown\" print series.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA scrapbook with a red cover with gold lettering. A sticker on the spine reads \"1872.\" The contents of the book are illustration clippings from issues of Harper's Weekly.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNewspaper clippings of \"The Gumps\" by Sidney Smith from The Cleveland News. Signed by the artist with handwritten note.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNewspaper clippings of \"The Gumps\" by Sidney Smith from The Cleveland News. Signed by the artist.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNewspaper clippings of \"The Gumps\" by Sidney Smith from The Cleveland News. Signed by the artist.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA grey, tan, and gold covered scrapbook. The words \"Scrap Book\" are embossed on the cover along with two peony flowers. The contents are newspaper cartoon clippings from unmarked sources.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged alphabetically by title.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOrginal four panel comic layout with edits, pasted text bubbles and handdrawn images.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA two part series, there are two versions of the print titled \"A Crack Trotter - A little off\" and one print of \"A Crack Trotter - Coming Around.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA print on board.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis cel has five characters standing side by side in the asile of a store.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis cel has three characters on a city street corner at night.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA character bust sketch in pencil. The figure is wearing glasses and a button up shirt. There is a scale measurement in the bottom right corner, and notes along the edges.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA multilayer animation cel with three sheets of film introductory text.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwo pen and pencil sketches on paper, the second is titled \"Fast Black\" and is signed A.L.S.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOriginal Black Panther comic panel in pen and ink with blue sketch lines, pencil notes, and corrections visible.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHandpainted animation cel signed by the artist and producer.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwo versions of the same cartoon: showing edits in color and design between the first and second editions.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOriginal comic panel with edits and the artist's signature in pen and ink.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwo original comic panels in pen and ink with edits, visible blue lines, and pencil notes. Signed by the artist.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA colored pencil and graphite character sketch for the film \"Coal Black and De Sebban Dwarfs.\" Signed by the artist and accompanied by the sales paperwork from when it was acquired by Richard Wright.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA handpainted animation cel for the movie \"Coonskin.\" Features a bust of one of the characters with a few background lines, and the identifier \"1H56, 5\" in the bottom right corner.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA series of animation character sketches on translucent paper.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAn original comic panel signed by E. Simms Campbell. Done in pencil and ink with visible edits and commentary.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAn original comic panel signed by Chester Gould. Done in pencil and ink with visible edits.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAn original comic panel signed by Paul Smith. Done in pencil and ink with visible edits and commentary.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA handpainted animation cel featuring four characters from \"Fat Albert and the Cosby Kids.\" The cel is labeled \"FA STK 2027A B-5.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA handpainted animation cel featuring seven characters from \"Fat Albert and the Cosby Kids.\" The cel is labeled \"copyright 1981 - William H. Cosby Jr. - Film Assoc.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSketch in colored pencil and graphite with animation notes and the identifier \"Se. 142, STK BG 1909, FA-79\" in the bottom right corner.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA sketch of a man holding a basketball in blue pencil and graphite. The label \"PB4\" is featured multiple times around the image, and the bottom of the page is stamped with \"50-2, 3.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA multi-layer hand-painted animation cel with a background, a foreground, and a figure layer.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA multi-layer hand-painted animation cel with a background, a foreground, and a figure layer.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA multi-layer hand-painted animation cel with a background, a foreground, and a figure layer.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA numbered limited edition Heavy Traffic poster. 73/260\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHandpainted animation cel of \"Carol\" from \"Heavy Traffic\" with certificate of authenticity and sales information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA cartoon drawn in pencil and signed by Henry Jackson. In red marker along the bottom of the work, someone has written \" Examiner Art Staff 1960s - (now deceased)\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA political poster featuring a white and a Black solider shaking hands across from Uncle Sam. Produced by M.A.Stern Chicago.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOriginal comic panel done in pen and graphite, signed and dated by the artist. Title and trademark information are pasted onto the work, and writing along the bottom edge reads \"to Bill Glasgow.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOriginal animation model sketch of \"Inky\" from Warner Bros Studios. Accompanied by a certificate of authenticity.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSigned by the artist. Original panel on cardboard in ink and graphite. A caption at the bottom reads \"The high cost of foods done me more good than my [acolicing?] salon.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAn animation cel featuring all three main characters from \"Josie and the Pussy Cats\" playing instruments on a stage. Their names written underneath their images, \"Josie, Melody, and Valerie.\" Words in the top left read \"Prod # 51, (standard size). The bottom right is copyrighted by Hanna-Barbera Productions, Inc., and dated 1970.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAn animation cel featuring all three main characters from \"Josie and the Pussy Cats\" with a street scene background.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSketch in colored pencil, graphite, and watercolor of a Fish in a bowler hat smoking a cigar.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAn original comic panel in ink and graphite with visible edits, signed by the artist.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHandpainted animation cel of Uhura in uniform.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCharacter sketch in colored pencil and graphite with notes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCharacter sketch in colored pencil and graphite. Accompanied by certificate of authenticity.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOriginal drawing in ink, titled in the bottom left and numbered in the bottom right.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOriginal comic panel in ink, graphite, and gouache paint with visible edits, and notes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOriginal comic panel in ink and graphite, signed by the artist. Water damage along the bottom edge.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwo different print versions of the same image, showing varied color and tint choices.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOriginal comic panel in ink, graphite, blue pencil, and gouache paint with visible edits, and notes. Blue pencil notes at the top left corner read \" Page #13, Annual #94, Mn 7. \u0026amp; 7. Force.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOriginal comic panel in ink with caption edits, accompanited by a handwritten letters by the artist, and the dealer information. The letters are addressed to Rev. E.F. Strickland, dated 1883 September 12 and 1883 October 20, and regard a request for a drawing.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAn original comic panel in graphite and ink that appears to have been cut off from a larger comic strip. The artist signature in the bottom left is cut in half. Dated \"Fri May 1,\" 1959. And titled \"Capt. Easy\".\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAn untitled drawing of a boy facing away from the viewer. He is dressed in overalls with one strap, holding a bag in his left hand, and a stick in his right. Writing beneath the image reads \"SC. 28A\".\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAn untitled drawing of a man holding a boomerang. The number \"146\" is in the bottom right corner.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAn untitled drawing of a female torso clad in an apron and wearing slippers. Writing beneath the drawing read \" Prod89 SC54, 269.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAn untitled drawing of a female torso wearing an apron and slippers balancing on a tipping kitchen stool. There are notes written all over the image with measurements and accompanying arrows.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAn untitled female figure wearing a headscarf and dressed in an apron over a polka-dot dress. Writing along the bottom of the image read \"AJ\" and \"542.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA series of motion sketches of a baby accompanied by a female figure.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA sketch of the centaur \"Otika\" from Disney's Fantasia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBust sketches of two women discussing laundry.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA drawing of Jerry wearing a napkin around his neck as he walks away to the right with a scowl on his face. The number \"50\" is in the bottom right.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA hand painted animation cel of Tom behind a person on stilts.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA drawing of Tom pouncing around the corner of a wall with paws outstretched. Notes on the drawing read \"to reg. see #129\", and the number \"133\" is in the bottom right corner.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAn original comic panel for \"Outdoor Sports\" in ink, graphite, and blue pencil. Signed and dated by the artist.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA painting on paper of a donkey and three birds in a fenced field with a farm house in the background. Signed and titled in the bottom left.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAn original comic panel in ink, paint, and graphite for a political cartoon.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOriginal comic panel in ink, graphite, red pen, and gouache paint with visible edits, and notes. Signed by the artist.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAn original comic panel in ink and graphite of a man plucking petals off a flower. The title is written in pencil along the bottom edge.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA multi-layer, hand painted, animation cel. Signed by both artists. Numbered \"59/100\" in the bottom right corner.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA still life print on board that has been painted over.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAn original comic panel in ink, graphite, and white-out on board. It features a man trying to fix a soda vending machine.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAn original comic panel in in and graphite titled \"Walnuts\" from \"Sunflower Street.\" Signed by the arts and dated.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwo different printings of the same cartoon with color variances.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA handpainted animation cel of two character in clown make-up and costumes. The one on the left is labeled as \"Buckwheat as a clown,\" and the one on the right is labeled \"Porky as a clown.\" The cel is titled along the top edge and numbered \"0132-8207.\" Notes cover the entire cel in pencil and pen, the majority appear to be color identifcation numbers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA drawing in ink and graphite of three men playing cards at a table. The title of the work is in pencil along the bottom edge, along with the artist's signature.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA print of \"Little Eva,\" and \"Uncle Tom\" sitting in the shade of a tree with a shack in the background. \"Eva\" has a book on her lap and gestures off in the distance.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA sketch in graphite of a old man wearing suspenders, oversized shoes, a tiny bowler hat, and carrying a crooked cane. The number \"143\" is written in the bottom right corner, and a the words \" PROD 1 52SC 1 6\" are stamped next to it.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA painted animation cel bust drawing of a bird in a hat. The hat is a purple tricorne with an oversized safety pin stuck through the front. The bird is white with yellow eyes and an orange beak and appears to be a seagull. The cel is accompaied by an information tag and a scan of a He-Man scene.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA print of seven men dressed in red and yellow shirts and caps with blue pinstriped pants and red shoes with yellow and red stockings. The men have axes and are working with trimmed sticks which are piled up behind them. One man has cut himself in half instead of the stick he is holding.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA sketch of a man in a top hat and coattails hanging on the back of a bucking horse. Signed \"FC\" in the bottom right corner.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA print of a woman walking beside a man holding a baby. Both are dressed in formal wear, and rendered in shades of tan, brown, and pink. Signed by the artist in the bottom right corner, with the letters difficult to make out.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwo prints, each a bust of a Black child. One in a three-quarters pose, the other looking directly at the viewer.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA woodblock print of a man, woman, and child in formal wear, their features are rendered in blocky forms akin to stylized masks.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA matted painted animation cel of Valerie Brown in her Pussy Cat costume holding two tambourines.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA bust sketch of Valerie Brown in blue pencil and graphite. Notes at the bottom right corner read \"7FC SC.31 6e-2 bq.31.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA multi-layer painted animation cel. Features a man with his hands clasped triumphantly above his head standing against a background of a junk pile and wooden wall. Text along the top edge reads \"Fa01 BGS4\" and text along the bottom edge reads \"FA STG 2027A WH5.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged alphabetically by title.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrom the series \"Negro Drawings,\" plate 42.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrom the series \"Negro Drawings,\" plate 42.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThree prints; the two by Walker are published by Currier \u0026amp; Ives.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwo different print versions.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversized poster.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwo versions of the same print.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePrint on canvas.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwo rolled posters.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA printout of a man in a bowler hat carrying a cane while wearing a suit.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePixelated photographs of a comic showing two Black children sitting beside a shotgun.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwo different scenes of a man and woman in fancy dress.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis cover shows a white man with one hand on a revolver standing over a Black man laying on the ground.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePrimarily \"Mickey Finn\" and \"Don Winslow of the Navy.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOmaha World Herald\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReproduction.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection, compiled by Richard Wright, focuses on the evolution of the Black American image in print media, cartoons and comics. Wright organized his own historical timeline titled \"Good Clean Fun: Blacks in Comics,\" also referred to as \"Clean Fun: Blacks in Comics,\" in a series of binders with artist biographies and time period summaries. Item titles have been retained from the original labels.","Materials in this collection include: books, comic books, magazines, prints, reference books, slides, photographs, CDs, DVDs, sheet music, newspaper strips, lithographs, and artwork. ","Research notes, biographies and timelines compiled or authored by Richard Wright. The original binder names have been retained.","A series of binders compiled by Richard Wright on the history of Black American depictions in comic art.","Part one of four. The full orginial title for the binder that housed these materials was \"Clean Fun: Blacks in Comics, African American Artists in the Mainstream: Jules Lion; Geo Herriman; E. Simms Campbell; Matt Baker; Morrie Turner; Brandon Brumsic; Ted Shearer; Black Images for Black People; Ebony; Golden Legacy; Aimed at Afro Market; Negro Romances; Negro Heroes; Hep/Sepia/Jive; In the Black Press; Ollie Harrington; Jackie Ormes; Tom Feelings; Current Artists; Denys Cowans; Ray Billingsley.\"","Part two of four. The full orginial title for the binder that housed these materials was \"Clean Fun: Blacks in Comics, African American Artists in the Mainstream: Jules Lion; Geo Herriman; E. Simms Campbell; Matt Baker; Morrie Turner; Brandon Brumsic; Ted Shearer; Black Images for Black People; Ebony; Golden Legacy; Aimed at Afro Market; Negro Romances; Negro Heroes; Hep/Sepia/Jive; In the Black Press; Ollie Harrington; Jackie Ormes; Tom Feelings; Current Artists; Denys Cowans; Ray Billingsley.\"","Part three of four. The full orginial title for the binder that housed these materials was \"Clean Fun: Blacks in Comics, African American Artists in the Mainstream: Jules Lion; Geo Herriman; E. Simms Campbell; Matt Baker; Morrie Turner; Brandon Brumsic; Ted Shearer; Black Images for Black People; Ebony; Golden Legacy; Aimed at Afro Market; Negro Romances; Negro Heroes; Hep/Sepia/Jive; In the Black Press; Ollie Harrington; Jackie Ormes; Tom Feelings; Current Artists; Denys Cowans; Ray Billingsley.\"","Part four of four. The full orginial title for the binder that housed these materials was \"Clean Fun: Blacks in Comics, African American Artists in the Mainstream: Jules Lion; Geo Herriman; E. Simms Campbell; Matt Baker; Morrie Turner; Brandon Brumsic; Ted Shearer; Black Images for Black People; Ebony; Golden Legacy; Aimed at Afro Market; Negro Romances; Negro Heroes; Hep/Sepia/Jive; In the Black Press; Ollie Harrington; Jackie Ormes; Tom Feelings; Current Artists; Denys Cowans; Ray Billingsley.\"","Arrangement and titles of folders are retained from Wright.","Arrangement and titles of folders are retained from Wright.","Arrangement and titles of folders are retained from Wright.","Records pertaining to Wright's collecting process, such as purchase documentation and comic research. Retains Wright's original titles and organization.","This series retains original titles and organization.","Scrapbooks and porfolios compiled by Richard Wright. Original order and names retained.","An album with a red cover and a title note taped to the front by Richard Wright that reads \"1890's Black Newspaper Cartoons: Howarth, Hamilton, et. al.\"","A portfolio compiled by Richard Wright of cartoons with Black protagonists from a variety of artists and publishers between the 19th and 20th century.","A spiral bound book with a green cover. The words \"Scrap Book\" are on the front in black, the \"o\"s in \"book\" form the handles of a pair of scissors in the design. The contents of the book are comic clipping of \"Henry\" and \"Lulu\" from various newspapers.","A portfolio compiled by Richard Wright of Currier \u0026 Ives caricature cartoon prints featuring Black protagonists from the late 1800s.","A portfolio compiled by Richard Wright of Currier \u0026 Ives' \"Darktown\" print series.","A scrapbook with a red cover with gold lettering. A sticker on the spine reads \"1872.\" The contents of the book are illustration clippings from issues of Harper's Weekly.","Newspaper clippings of \"The Gumps\" by Sidney Smith from The Cleveland News. Signed by the artist with handwritten note.","Newspaper clippings of \"The Gumps\" by Sidney Smith from The Cleveland News. Signed by the artist.","Newspaper clippings of \"The Gumps\" by Sidney Smith from The Cleveland News. Signed by the artist.","A grey, tan, and gold covered scrapbook. The words \"Scrap Book\" are embossed on the cover along with two peony flowers. The contents are newspaper cartoon clippings from unmarked sources.","Arranged alphabetically by title.","Orginal four panel comic layout with edits, pasted text bubbles and handdrawn images.","A two part series, there are two versions of the print titled \"A Crack Trotter - A little off\" and one print of \"A Crack Trotter - Coming Around.\"","A print on board.","This cel has five characters standing side by side in the asile of a store.","This cel has three characters on a city street corner at night.","A character bust sketch in pencil. The figure is wearing glasses and a button up shirt. There is a scale measurement in the bottom right corner, and notes along the edges.","A multilayer animation cel with three sheets of film introductory text.","Two pen and pencil sketches on paper, the second is titled \"Fast Black\" and is signed A.L.S.","Original Black Panther comic panel in pen and ink with blue sketch lines, pencil notes, and corrections visible.","Handpainted animation cel signed by the artist and producer.","Two versions of the same cartoon: showing edits in color and design between the first and second editions.","Original comic panel with edits and the artist's signature in pen and ink.","Two original comic panels in pen and ink with edits, visible blue lines, and pencil notes. Signed by the artist.","A colored pencil and graphite character sketch for the film \"Coal Black and De Sebban Dwarfs.\" Signed by the artist and accompanied by the sales paperwork from when it was acquired by Richard Wright.","A handpainted animation cel for the movie \"Coonskin.\" Features a bust of one of the characters with a few background lines, and the identifier \"1H56, 5\" in the bottom right corner.","A series of animation character sketches on translucent paper.","An original comic panel signed by E. Simms Campbell. Done in pencil and ink with visible edits and commentary.","An original comic panel signed by Chester Gould. Done in pencil and ink with visible edits.","An original comic panel signed by Paul Smith. Done in pencil and ink with visible edits and commentary.","A handpainted animation cel featuring four characters from \"Fat Albert and the Cosby Kids.\" The cel is labeled \"FA STK 2027A B-5.\"","A handpainted animation cel featuring seven characters from \"Fat Albert and the Cosby Kids.\" The cel is labeled \"copyright 1981 - William H. Cosby Jr. - Film Assoc.\"","Sketch in colored pencil and graphite with animation notes and the identifier \"Se. 142, STK BG 1909, FA-79\" in the bottom right corner.","A sketch of a man holding a basketball in blue pencil and graphite. The label \"PB4\" is featured multiple times around the image, and the bottom of the page is stamped with \"50-2, 3.\"","A multi-layer hand-painted animation cel with a background, a foreground, and a figure layer.","A multi-layer hand-painted animation cel with a background, a foreground, and a figure layer.","A multi-layer hand-painted animation cel with a background, a foreground, and a figure layer.","A numbered limited edition Heavy Traffic poster. 73/260","Handpainted animation cel of \"Carol\" from \"Heavy Traffic\" with certificate of authenticity and sales information.","A cartoon drawn in pencil and signed by Henry Jackson. In red marker along the bottom of the work, someone has written \" Examiner Art Staff 1960s - (now deceased)\"","A political poster featuring a white and a Black solider shaking hands across from Uncle Sam. Produced by M.A.Stern Chicago.","Original comic panel done in pen and graphite, signed and dated by the artist. Title and trademark information are pasted onto the work, and writing along the bottom edge reads \"to Bill Glasgow.\"","Original animation model sketch of \"Inky\" from Warner Bros Studios. Accompanied by a certificate of authenticity.","Signed by the artist. Original panel on cardboard in ink and graphite. A caption at the bottom reads \"The high cost of foods done me more good than my [acolicing?] salon.\"","An animation cel featuring all three main characters from \"Josie and the Pussy Cats\" playing instruments on a stage. Their names written underneath their images, \"Josie, Melody, and Valerie.\" Words in the top left read \"Prod # 51, (standard size). The bottom right is copyrighted by Hanna-Barbera Productions, Inc., and dated 1970.","An animation cel featuring all three main characters from \"Josie and the Pussy Cats\" with a street scene background.","Sketch in colored pencil, graphite, and watercolor of a Fish in a bowler hat smoking a cigar.","An original comic panel in ink and graphite with visible edits, signed by the artist.","Handpainted animation cel of Uhura in uniform.","Character sketch in colored pencil and graphite with notes.","Character sketch in colored pencil and graphite. Accompanied by certificate of authenticity.","Original drawing in ink, titled in the bottom left and numbered in the bottom right.","Original comic panel in ink, graphite, and gouache paint with visible edits, and notes.","Original comic panel in ink and graphite, signed by the artist. Water damage along the bottom edge.","Two different print versions of the same image, showing varied color and tint choices.","Original comic panel in ink, graphite, blue pencil, and gouache paint with visible edits, and notes. Blue pencil notes at the top left corner read \" Page #13, Annual #94, Mn 7. \u0026 7. Force.\"","Original comic panel in ink with caption edits, accompanited by a handwritten letters by the artist, and the dealer information. The letters are addressed to Rev. E.F. Strickland, dated 1883 September 12 and 1883 October 20, and regard a request for a drawing.","An original comic panel in graphite and ink that appears to have been cut off from a larger comic strip. The artist signature in the bottom left is cut in half. Dated \"Fri May 1,\" 1959. And titled \"Capt. Easy\".","An untitled drawing of a boy facing away from the viewer. He is dressed in overalls with one strap, holding a bag in his left hand, and a stick in his right. Writing beneath the image reads \"SC. 28A\".","An untitled drawing of a man holding a boomerang. The number \"146\" is in the bottom right corner.","An untitled drawing of a female torso clad in an apron and wearing slippers. Writing beneath the drawing read \" Prod89 SC54, 269.\"","An untitled drawing of a female torso wearing an apron and slippers balancing on a tipping kitchen stool. There are notes written all over the image with measurements and accompanying arrows.","An untitled female figure wearing a headscarf and dressed in an apron over a polka-dot dress. Writing along the bottom of the image read \"AJ\" and \"542.\"","A series of motion sketches of a baby accompanied by a female figure.","A sketch of the centaur \"Otika\" from Disney's Fantasia.","Bust sketches of two women discussing laundry.","A drawing of Jerry wearing a napkin around his neck as he walks away to the right with a scowl on his face. The number \"50\" is in the bottom right.","A hand painted animation cel of Tom behind a person on stilts.","A drawing of Tom pouncing around the corner of a wall with paws outstretched. Notes on the drawing read \"to reg. see #129\", and the number \"133\" is in the bottom right corner.","An original comic panel for \"Outdoor Sports\" in ink, graphite, and blue pencil. Signed and dated by the artist.","A painting on paper of a donkey and three birds in a fenced field with a farm house in the background. Signed and titled in the bottom left.","An original comic panel in ink, paint, and graphite for a political cartoon.","Original comic panel in ink, graphite, red pen, and gouache paint with visible edits, and notes. Signed by the artist.","An original comic panel in ink and graphite of a man plucking petals off a flower. The title is written in pencil along the bottom edge.","A multi-layer, hand painted, animation cel. Signed by both artists. Numbered \"59/100\" in the bottom right corner.","A still life print on board that has been painted over.","An original comic panel in ink, graphite, and white-out on board. It features a man trying to fix a soda vending machine.","An original comic panel in in and graphite titled \"Walnuts\" from \"Sunflower Street.\" Signed by the arts and dated.","Two different printings of the same cartoon with color variances.","A handpainted animation cel of two character in clown make-up and costumes. The one on the left is labeled as \"Buckwheat as a clown,\" and the one on the right is labeled \"Porky as a clown.\" The cel is titled along the top edge and numbered \"0132-8207.\" Notes cover the entire cel in pencil and pen, the majority appear to be color identifcation numbers.","A drawing in ink and graphite of three men playing cards at a table. The title of the work is in pencil along the bottom edge, along with the artist's signature.","A print of \"Little Eva,\" and \"Uncle Tom\" sitting in the shade of a tree with a shack in the background. \"Eva\" has a book on her lap and gestures off in the distance.","A sketch in graphite of a old man wearing suspenders, oversized shoes, a tiny bowler hat, and carrying a crooked cane. The number \"143\" is written in the bottom right corner, and a the words \" PROD 1 52SC 1 6\" are stamped next to it.","A painted animation cel bust drawing of a bird in a hat. The hat is a purple tricorne with an oversized safety pin stuck through the front. The bird is white with yellow eyes and an orange beak and appears to be a seagull. The cel is accompaied by an information tag and a scan of a He-Man scene.","A print of seven men dressed in red and yellow shirts and caps with blue pinstriped pants and red shoes with yellow and red stockings. The men have axes and are working with trimmed sticks which are piled up behind them. One man has cut himself in half instead of the stick he is holding.","A sketch of a man in a top hat and coattails hanging on the back of a bucking horse. Signed \"FC\" in the bottom right corner.","A print of a woman walking beside a man holding a baby. Both are dressed in formal wear, and rendered in shades of tan, brown, and pink. Signed by the artist in the bottom right corner, with the letters difficult to make out.","Two prints, each a bust of a Black child. One in a three-quarters pose, the other looking directly at the viewer.","A woodblock print of a man, woman, and child in formal wear, their features are rendered in blocky forms akin to stylized masks.","A matted painted animation cel of Valerie Brown in her Pussy Cat costume holding two tambourines.","A bust sketch of Valerie Brown in blue pencil and graphite. Notes at the bottom right corner read \"7FC SC.31 6e-2 bq.31.\"","A multi-layer painted animation cel. Features a man with his hands clasped triumphantly above his head standing against a background of a junk pile and wooden wall. Text along the top edge reads \"Fa01 BGS4\" and text along the bottom edge reads \"FA STG 2027A WH5.\"","Arranged alphabetically by title.","From the series \"Negro Drawings,\" plate 42.","From the series \"Negro Drawings,\" plate 42.","Three prints; the two by Walker are published by Currier \u0026 Ives.","Two different print versions.","Oversized poster.","Two versions of the same print.","Print on canvas.","Two rolled posters.","A printout of a man in a bowler hat carrying a cane while wearing a suit.","Pixelated photographs of a comic showing two Black children sitting beside a shotgun.","Two different scenes of a man and woman in fancy dress.","This cover shows a white man with one hand on a revolver standing over a Black man laying on the ground.","Primarily \"Mickey Finn\" and \"Don Winslow of the Navy.\"","Omaha World Herald","Reproduction."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Curator of Manuscripts and Rare Books, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Curator of Manuscripts and Rare Books, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":987,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T07:21:03Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_9853_c01_c01_c13_c01"}},{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5375_c06_c240","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"1949 Introduction to The Good Earth; Typescript with attached clippings and handwritten notations, 12 pp., many handwritten corrections; also includes 2014 computer printout of published introduction from 1962 edition","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5375_c06_c240#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5375_c06_c240","ref_ssm":["wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5375_c06_c240"],"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5375_c06_c240","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5375","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5375","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5375_c06","parent_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5375_c06","parent_ssim":["wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5375","wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5375_c06"],"parent_ids_ssim":["wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5375","wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5375_c06"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Pearl S. 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Other Works","1949 Introduction to The Good Earth; Typescript with attached clippings and handwritten notations, 12 pp., many handwritten corrections; also includes 2014 computer printout of published introduction from 1962 edition","Box 63","Folder 254.1"],"title_filing_ssi":"1949 Introduction to  The Good Earth ; Typescript with attached clippings and handwritten notations, 12 pp., many handwritten corrections; also includes 2014 computer printout of published introduction from 1962 edition","title_ssm":["1949 Introduction to The Good Earth; Typescript with attached clippings and handwritten notations, 12 pp., many handwritten corrections; also includes 2014 computer printout of published introduction from 1962 edition"],"title_tesim":["1949 Introduction to The Good Earth; Typescript with attached clippings and handwritten notations, 12 pp., many handwritten corrections; also includes 2014 computer printout of published introduction from 1962 edition"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1949, 2014"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1949/2014"],"normalized_title_ssm":["1949 Introduction to The Good Earth; Typescript with attached clippings and handwritten notations, 12 pp., many handwritten corrections; also includes 2014 computer printout of published introduction from 1962 edition"],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"collection_ssim":["Pearl S. Buck, Author, Literary Manuscripts"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":597,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["No special access restriction applies.","Researchers may access digitized materials by requesting to view the materials in person by appointment or remotely by contacting the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center reference department at https://westvirginia.libanswers.com/wvrhc."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"date_range_isim":[1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014],"containers_ssim":["Box 63","Folder 254.1"],"_nest_path_":"/components#5/components#239","timestamp":"2026-05-21T01:24:29.099Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5375","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5375","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5375","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5375","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_5375.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/198663","title_ssm":["Pearl S. Buck, Author, Literary Manuscripts"],"title_tesim":["Pearl S. Buck, Author, Literary Manuscripts"],"unitdate_ssm":["circa 1923-2014","circa 1923-1973"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["circa 1923-1973"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1923-2014"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 4052","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/5375"],"text":["A\u0026M 4052","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/5375","Pearl S. Buck, Author, Literary Manuscripts","China -- Fiction","China -- Foreign Relations -- United States","China -- In literature","China","Hillsboro (W. Va.)","United States -- Foreign Relations -- China","United States -- Relations -- China","West Virginia - Writers.","Amerasians","Authors, American -- West Virginia","Children with mental disabilities","Human rights advocacy","Intercountry adoption","Interracial adoption","Literature and society -- China","Literature and society -- United States","Novelists, American -- 20th century -- Correspondence","Novelists, American -- West Virginia","Women novelists, American   -- 20th century","Women social reformers -- United States","No special access restriction applies.","Researchers may access digitized materials by requesting to view the materials in person by appointment or remotely by contacting the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center reference department at https://westvirginia.libanswers.com/wvrhc.","Pearl Sydenstricker Buck was born in Hillsboro, West Virginia, in 1892 to Caroline Stulting Sydenstricker and Absalom Sydenstricker, Southern Presbyterian missionaries who returned to China shortly after their daughter's birth. Pearl was raised and educated in Chinkiang (Zhenjiang), China, but studied in the United States at Randolph Macon Women's College in Lynchburg, Virginia, when she was seventeen. She returned to China after her graduation in 1914, and in 1917 Pearl married agricultural economist and missionary John Lossing Buck. The Bucks lived in Nanhsuchou (Nanxuzhou) in rural Anhwei (Anhui) Province and later in Nanking (Nanjing), China, until 1934. They had one biological daughter, Carol, who had severe intellectual and physical disabilities, and adopted another daughter, Janice."," Pearl began writing about Chinese peasant life and culture and the interactions between East and West in the 1920s, and her first novel, East Wind, West Wind, was published in 1930. She published the bestselling and Pulitzer Prize-winning novel The Good Earth in 1931, and went on to write more than seventy novels, plays, and short stories and to author numerous articles and essays. Other early books include Sons (1932), A House Divided (1935), The First Wife and Other Stories (1933), All Men are Brothers (1933, translation), The Mother (1934), The Exile (1936), Fighting Angel (1936), and This Proud Heart (1938). In 1938, Pearl Buck became the first woman to receive the Nobel Prize in Literature."," By 1935, Pearl had divorced her first husband and married her publisher and editor, Richard J. Walsh. They settled at Green Hills Farm in Bucks County, Pennsylvania, to be close to Carol, and the couple adopted six more children. Pearl was a prolific writer, and most of her fiction remained set in China and the Far East. Other novels include Dragon Seed (1942), Pavilion of Women (1946), God's Men (1951), Come, My Beloved (1953), Imperial Woman (1956), Letter from Peking (1957), and The Living Reed (1963). Due to personal and political circumstances, Pearl never returned to China after she left in 1934."," Pearl campaigned tirelessly for issues related to Chinese human rights, interracial understanding, and orphaned and disabled children for the rest of her life. In 1949, she founded Welcome House, the first interracial adoption agency in the United States. In 1964, she established the Pearl S. Buck Foundation to provide medical care and education for Amerasian children. Pearl also championed civil rights and women's rights in the United States."," Richard Walsh died in 1960, and in the early 1960s Pearl began a loving relationship with lifelong friend William Ernest Hocking that lasted until Hocking's death in 1966. By 1969, Pearl had moved to Danby, Vermont. Pearl S. Buck died in Vermont in 1973 and is buried at Green Hills Farm in Pennsylvania."," After her death, ownership of Pearl Buck's literary manuscripts was disputed, and eventually awarded to the Pearl S. Buck Birthplace Foundation, which were temporarily stored in the Pfeiffer Library at West Virginia Wesleyan College in Buckhannon, WV until the partnership between these two institutions and the WVRHC was formed in 2014, which led to the transfer of the collection to WVU.","727","Literary manuscripts of Pearl S. Buck (1892-1973), an American fiction writer and humanitarian who won the Pulitzer Prize in 1932 and the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1938. She is best known for her novels about peasant life in China."," The collection includes the great majority of manuscripts comprising Buck's literary works, including her novels, non-fiction, children's books, and short stories, as well as articles and speeches, among other material. There is also material about Pearl Buck."," Formats include holographs, typescripts, typescript carbons, mixed manuscripts, galleys, and more."," Prominent topics of Buck's literary works include: Chinese history, politics, and culture; American culture; international relations; adoption; children with disabilities; women's rights; and writing. The collection also includes material regarding the Pearl S. Buck Birthplace Foundation, Pearl Buck as an author, and other subjects."," For additional material, see A\u0026M 727, Pearl S. Buck, Author, Papers.","Overview of Record Series:"," The collection includes eight series:"," Series 1. Novels; ca. 1930-1973. \n Series 2. Non-fiction; ca. 1936-1972. \n Series 3. Children's Books; ca. 1940-1967. \n Series 4. Translation; ca. 1933. \n Series 5. Collections of Short Stories; ca. 1934-1973. \n Series 6. Other Works; ca. 1923-1967, 2014. \n Series 7. Miscellaneous; ca. 1960-2014. \n Series 8. Oversized; ca. 1930-1995."," Series 1-5 include the bulk of Buck's published books in draft form. The cataloging information for these series was drawn from Mary Lee Welliver's thesis,  Pearl S. Buck's Manuscripts: The Harvest of Half a Century  (see series 7, box 71, folder 284). Some of the drafts are deemed \"original\" -- for more information on how this conclusion was reached, please see pages 17-18 of the thesis. Series 6 includes drafts of works that were not cataloged in Welliver's thesis."," Since many of Buck's drafts are undated, date ranges given in the series descriptions are based in part on dates of publication. Also, page counts have not been verified."," Manuscripts from the collection were originally housed in 273 large numbered envelopes. The original envelope numbers have been retained as folder numbers, and the original envelopes have been moved to boxes 83-86."," Regarding terminology in this finding aid:"," \"Galley\" indicates a preliminary version of a publication meant for review and copyediting, printed on oversize paper."," \"Paged galleys\" indicates galleys where pagination has been added, and the number of pages reflects that pagination."," \"Unpaged galleys\" lack page numbers, and are counted by the number of leaves referred to as \"galley pp.\"."," \"Holograph\" indicates an entirely handwritten work (as opposed to typescript)."," \"Manuscript\" is used in the general sense to include holographs, typescripts, and galleys."," \"PSB\" stands for Pearl S. Buck.","Includes holographs, typescripts, typescript carbons, mixed manuscripts, and galleys for more than thirty of Buck's published novels. Many address the topic of Chinese peasant life. Some works are represented by multiple drafts, and some include corrections and revisions by the author."," Highlights include: \n paged galleys of Buck's first novel,  East Wind, West Wind ; \n a typescript of  Sons ; \n original holograph and typescripts of  The Patriot ; \n typescripts of  The Angry Wife , her only novel set in West Virginia and one of many written under the pseudonym John Sedges; and \n multiple drafts of  Imperial Woman ."," Additional drafts, outlines, and synopses for novels and novellas can also be found in Series 6, Other Works. Galleys and galley proofs can be found in Series 8, Oversized.","Includes typescripts, typescript carbons, mixed manuscripts, and holographs for eighteen of Buck's non-fiction works. Topics include Asia, the role of women in American society, racism, children's welfare, and adoption."," Highlights include:"," multiple drafts and leather-bound presentations of Buck's manuscripts for the biographies of her parents --  The Exile  and  The Fighting Angel  -- two novels that helped earn her the 1938 Nobel Prize in Literature;"," a mixed manuscript of the book titled  Of Men and Women ;"," typescripts of  How it Happens ;"," multiple drafts of  The Joy of Children ; and"," multiple drafts of her autobiographies,  My Several Worlds  and  A Bridge for Passing ."," Additional non-fiction works can be found in Series 6, Other Works. Galleys of non-fiction works can be found in Series 8, Oversized.","Includes typescript carbons, galleys, typescripts, mixed manuscripts, and holographs for eleven children's books, including  The Big Fight ,  The Big Wave , and  Matthew, Mark, Luke and John . Galleys can be found in Series 8, Oversized.","Includes two typescript drafts of  All Men Are Brothers , Buck's translation of one of China's most famous novels,  Shui Hu Chuan  (also known as  Water Margin  or  Shui Hu Zhuan ). A brochure advertising this book can be found in Series 6, Other Works, box 70, folder 279.7.","Includes typescripts, typescript carbons, holographs, and mixed manuscripts of short stories from nine of Buck's anthologies. Some of the anthologies were published posthumously. Some entries include the periodical in which the various short stories appeared; please note that this is not indicative of a systematic search. Additional short stories can be found in Series 6, Other Works. A magazine clipping has been moved to Series 8, Oversized.","Includes holographs, typescripts, typescript carbons, clippings, and mixed manuscripts of published and unpublished short stories, articles, dramas/plays, novels, novellas, non-fiction works, reviews, speeches, introductions, forewords, letters, press releases, radio broadcasts, and interviews, among other material. The majority of this series is Buck's own work."," Subjects include China and its people; writing; women; international relations and war; America and its people; India; Japan; mentally handicapped children (the contemporary term, retarded, is used in the contents list); mixed race children; the Vineland Training School; the Welcome House; adoption; and many more. Two published short stories have been moved to Series 8, Oversized."," Highlights include:"," a January 1923 issue of the journal  The Atlantic Monthly , containing Buck's first published article, \"In China, Too\" (box 70, folder 282);"," a typescript introduction to  The Good Earth , 1949 (box 63, folder 254.1);"," a holograph introduction to a series of shortwave radio broadcasts, written by Buck in Chinese characters (with romanizations in typescript) (box 50, folder 196.1);"," a holograph of an untitled radio broadcast, written by Buck in Chinese characters (with romanizations in typescript) (box 51, folder 202); and"," typescripts and typescript carbons of the autobiographical short story \"My Chinese Nurse\" (box 33, folders 134.1-134.3).","Includes exhibit materials, typescripts, clippings, correspondence, ephemera, printed material, photographs, and other material. Subjects include the appraisal and cataloging of collection materials by Frances and Kenneth Swope, Mary Lee Welliver, and Robert Shafer; the Pearl S. Buck Birthplace Foundation and preservation of Buck's birthplace in Hillsboro, WV; celebratory centennial events in 1992; Pearl S. Buck; and her works. The majority of the contents of this series was created by people other than Buck, though it includes a few facsimiles and printed versions of Buck's work."," Highlights include:"," typescripts written about Buck by Lucille S. Zinn, bibliographer for the Pearl S. Buck Birthplace Foundation (box 72, folder 302.1-302.2), who went on to publish \"The Works of Pearl S. Buck: A Bibliography\" (box 73, folder 305.1);"," records regarding the Pearl S. Buck commemorative stamp (various folders in boxes 73-76); and"," a cassette tape of an interview with Pearl S. Buck conducted by Arnold Gingrich, October 12, 1970 (box 76, folder 365)."," Biographical material on Buck can be found in box 73, folder 320; box 74, folders 323 and 338; box 75, folder 349; and others."," Although now substantially superseded by the current cataloging record in terms of both completeness and detail, the Mary Lee Welliver collection guide, within her graduate thesis, has been retained in this collection for future reference (see box 71, folder 284). Within her guide, Welliver cataloged the drafts of published books within the collection (series 1-5). Within these series, she lists the works alphabetically, and the drafts of each work in rough chronological order. (A version of our contents list in this cataloging record, found below, arranged in the same order as the contents list in Welliver's thesis, is available in box 71, folder 284.) Regarding the chronological order in her guide, Welliver notes that, \"In a few cases, the order has been very difficult to ascertain without a more critical study of the manuscripts. This study is left to future researchers and an 'educated guess' has been made as to chronology in such cases\" (Welliver thesis, p. 21)."," Welliver also created data sheets for each work she cataloged, which are available in box 71, folders 293.1-293.4, and box 72, folders 294.1- 294.2. These data sheets include information not recorded in either the contents list found in this cataloging record, or in the Welliver thesis, such as type and size of paper and notations from original envelopes or folders."," Boxes 83-86 include the original container envelopes for most of the collection; the notations on these envelopes regarding specifics about their contents, such as page numbers, may be of interest to future researchers. Not all of this information is present in the contents list.","Includes galleys and galley proofs from Series 1, Novels; Series 2, Non-fiction; and Series 3, Children's Books. Also includes a magazine clipping from Series 5, Collections of Short Stories; published short stories from Series 6, Other Works; and various clippings regarding the Pearl S. Buck Birthplace Foundation, her home, and other topics. Noteworthy are the paged galleys of Buck's first novel,  East Wind, West Wind  (box 77b, folder 1 and 2).","Signed letter to Rare Signatures, A\u0026M 435:","  Signed letter from Pearl Buck to Otto Whittaker, with signed enclosure, dated 1967.","Book to Book Collection:","  Crouch, Archie R. Scholars' Guide to China Mission Resources in the Libraries and Archives of the United States. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1983.","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","Literary manuscripts of Pearl S. Buck (1892-1973), an American fiction writer and humanitarian who won the Pulitzer Prize in 1932 and the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1938. She is best known for her novels about peasant life in China. The collection includes the great majority of manuscripts comprising Buck's literary works, including her novels, non-fiction, children's books, and short stories, as well as articles and speeches, among other material. There is also material about Pearl Buck. Formats include holographs, typescripts, typescript carbons, mixed manuscripts, galleys, and more. Prominent topics of Buck's literary works include: Chinese history, politics, and culture; American culture; international relations; adoption; children with disabilities; women's rights; and writing. The collection also includes material regarding the Pearl S. Buck Birthplace Foundation, Pearl Buck as an author, and other subjects. For additional material, see A\u0026M 727, Pearl S. Buck, Author. Papers (1930-1976, undated).","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/","West Virginia and Regional History Center","Pearl S. Buck Birthplace Foundation","West Virginia Wesleyan College","Buck, Pearl S. (Pearl Sydenstricker), 1892-1973","Walsh, Richard J. (Richard John), 1886-1960","English \n.    "],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 4052","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/5375"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Pearl S. Buck, Author, Literary Manuscripts"],"collection_title_tesim":["Pearl S. Buck, Author, Literary Manuscripts"],"collection_ssim":["Pearl S. Buck, Author, Literary Manuscripts"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"geogname_ssm":["China -- Fiction","China -- Foreign Relations -- United States","China -- In literature","China","Hillsboro (W. Va.)","United States -- Foreign Relations -- China","United States -- Relations -- China","West Virginia - Writers."],"geogname_ssim":["China -- Fiction","China -- Foreign Relations -- United States","China -- In literature","China","Hillsboro (W. Va.)","United States -- Foreign Relations -- China","United States -- Relations -- China","West Virginia - Writers."],"places_ssim":["China -- Fiction","China -- Foreign Relations -- United States","China -- In literature","China","Hillsboro (W. Va.)","United States -- Foreign Relations -- China","United States -- Relations -- China","West Virginia - Writers."],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Amerasians","Authors, American -- West Virginia","Children with mental disabilities","Human rights advocacy","Intercountry adoption","Interracial adoption","Literature and society -- China","Literature and society -- United States","Novelists, American -- 20th century -- Correspondence","Novelists, American -- West Virginia","Women novelists, American   -- 20th century","Women social reformers -- United States"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Amerasians","Authors, American -- West Virginia","Children with mental disabilities","Human rights advocacy","Intercountry adoption","Interracial adoption","Literature and society -- China","Literature and society -- United States","Novelists, American -- 20th century -- Correspondence","Novelists, American -- West Virginia","Women novelists, American   -- 20th century","Women social reformers -- United States"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["36.7 Linear Feet 36 ft. 8 in. (74 document cases, 5 in. each; 2 document cases, 2.5 in. each; 1 flat storage box, 5 in.; 2 flat storage boxes, 1.5 in. each; 3 record cartons, 15 in. each; 7 large flat storage boxes, 1.5 in. each)"],"extent_tesim":["36.7 Linear Feet 36 ft. 8 in. (74 document cases, 5 in. each; 2 document cases, 2.5 in. each; 1 flat storage box, 5 in.; 2 flat storage boxes, 1.5 in. each; 3 record cartons, 15 in. each; 7 large flat storage boxes, 1.5 in. each)"],"date_range_isim":[1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo special access restriction applies.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eResearchers may access digitized materials by requesting to view the materials in person by appointment or remotely by contacting the West Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center reference department at https://westvirginia.libanswers.com/wvrhc.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["No special access restriction applies.","Researchers may access digitized materials by requesting to view the materials in person by appointment or remotely by contacting the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center reference department at https://westvirginia.libanswers.com/wvrhc."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePearl Sydenstricker Buck was born in Hillsboro, West Virginia, in 1892 to Caroline Stulting Sydenstricker and Absalom Sydenstricker, Southern Presbyterian missionaries who returned to China shortly after their daughter's birth. Pearl was raised and educated in Chinkiang (Zhenjiang), China, but studied in the United States at Randolph Macon Women's College in Lynchburg, Virginia, when she was seventeen. She returned to China after her graduation in 1914, and in 1917 Pearl married agricultural economist and missionary John Lossing Buck. The Bucks lived in Nanhsuchou (Nanxuzhou) in rural Anhwei (Anhui) Province and later in Nanking (Nanjing), China, until 1934. They had one biological daughter, Carol, who had severe intellectual and physical disabilities, and adopted another daughter, Janice.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Pearl began writing about Chinese peasant life and culture and the interactions between East and West in the 1920s, and her first novel, East Wind, West Wind, was published in 1930. She published the bestselling and Pulitzer Prize-winning novel The Good Earth in 1931, and went on to write more than seventy novels, plays, and short stories and to author numerous articles and essays. Other early books include Sons (1932), A House Divided (1935), The First Wife and Other Stories (1933), All Men are Brothers (1933, translation), The Mother (1934), The Exile (1936), Fighting Angel (1936), and This Proud Heart (1938). In 1938, Pearl Buck became the first woman to receive the Nobel Prize in Literature.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e By 1935, Pearl had divorced her first husband and married her publisher and editor, Richard J. Walsh. They settled at Green Hills Farm in Bucks County, Pennsylvania, to be close to Carol, and the couple adopted six more children. Pearl was a prolific writer, and most of her fiction remained set in China and the Far East. Other novels include Dragon Seed (1942), Pavilion of Women (1946), God's Men (1951), Come, My Beloved (1953), Imperial Woman (1956), Letter from Peking (1957), and The Living Reed (1963). Due to personal and political circumstances, Pearl never returned to China after she left in 1934.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Pearl campaigned tirelessly for issues related to Chinese human rights, interracial understanding, and orphaned and disabled children for the rest of her life. In 1949, she founded Welcome House, the first interracial adoption agency in the United States. In 1964, she established the Pearl S. Buck Foundation to provide medical care and education for Amerasian children. Pearl also championed civil rights and women's rights in the United States.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Richard Walsh died in 1960, and in the early 1960s Pearl began a loving relationship with lifelong friend William Ernest Hocking that lasted until Hocking's death in 1966. By 1969, Pearl had moved to Danby, Vermont. Pearl S. Buck died in Vermont in 1973 and is buried at Green Hills Farm in Pennsylvania.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e After her death, ownership of Pearl Buck's literary manuscripts was disputed, and eventually awarded to the Pearl S. Buck Birthplace Foundation, which were temporarily stored in the Pfeiffer Library at West Virginia Wesleyan College in Buckhannon, WV until the partnership between these two institutions and the WVRHC was formed in 2014, which led to the transfer of the collection to WVU.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Pearl Sydenstricker Buck was born in Hillsboro, West Virginia, in 1892 to Caroline Stulting Sydenstricker and Absalom Sydenstricker, Southern Presbyterian missionaries who returned to China shortly after their daughter's birth. Pearl was raised and educated in Chinkiang (Zhenjiang), China, but studied in the United States at Randolph Macon Women's College in Lynchburg, Virginia, when she was seventeen. She returned to China after her graduation in 1914, and in 1917 Pearl married agricultural economist and missionary John Lossing Buck. The Bucks lived in Nanhsuchou (Nanxuzhou) in rural Anhwei (Anhui) Province and later in Nanking (Nanjing), China, until 1934. They had one biological daughter, Carol, who had severe intellectual and physical disabilities, and adopted another daughter, Janice."," Pearl began writing about Chinese peasant life and culture and the interactions between East and West in the 1920s, and her first novel, East Wind, West Wind, was published in 1930. She published the bestselling and Pulitzer Prize-winning novel The Good Earth in 1931, and went on to write more than seventy novels, plays, and short stories and to author numerous articles and essays. Other early books include Sons (1932), A House Divided (1935), The First Wife and Other Stories (1933), All Men are Brothers (1933, translation), The Mother (1934), The Exile (1936), Fighting Angel (1936), and This Proud Heart (1938). In 1938, Pearl Buck became the first woman to receive the Nobel Prize in Literature."," By 1935, Pearl had divorced her first husband and married her publisher and editor, Richard J. Walsh. They settled at Green Hills Farm in Bucks County, Pennsylvania, to be close to Carol, and the couple adopted six more children. Pearl was a prolific writer, and most of her fiction remained set in China and the Far East. Other novels include Dragon Seed (1942), Pavilion of Women (1946), God's Men (1951), Come, My Beloved (1953), Imperial Woman (1956), Letter from Peking (1957), and The Living Reed (1963). Due to personal and political circumstances, Pearl never returned to China after she left in 1934."," Pearl campaigned tirelessly for issues related to Chinese human rights, interracial understanding, and orphaned and disabled children for the rest of her life. In 1949, she founded Welcome House, the first interracial adoption agency in the United States. In 1964, she established the Pearl S. Buck Foundation to provide medical care and education for Amerasian children. Pearl also championed civil rights and women's rights in the United States."," Richard Walsh died in 1960, and in the early 1960s Pearl began a loving relationship with lifelong friend William Ernest Hocking that lasted until Hocking's death in 1966. By 1969, Pearl had moved to Danby, Vermont. Pearl S. Buck died in Vermont in 1973 and is buried at Green Hills Farm in Pennsylvania."," After her death, ownership of Pearl Buck's literary manuscripts was disputed, and eventually awarded to the Pearl S. Buck Birthplace Foundation, which were temporarily stored in the Pfeiffer Library at West Virginia Wesleyan College in Buckhannon, WV until the partnership between these two institutions and the WVRHC was formed in 2014, which led to the transfer of the collection to WVU."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Pearl S. Buck, Author, Literary Manuscripts, A\u0026amp;M 4052, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Pearl S. Buck, Author, Literary Manuscripts, A\u0026M 4052, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e727\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related A\u0026M Collections"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["727"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLiterary manuscripts of Pearl S. Buck (1892-1973), an American fiction writer and humanitarian who won the Pulitzer Prize in 1932 and the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1938. She is best known for her novels about peasant life in China.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e The collection includes the great majority of manuscripts comprising Buck's literary works, including her novels, non-fiction, children's books, and short stories, as well as articles and speeches, among other material. There is also material about Pearl Buck.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Formats include holographs, typescripts, typescript carbons, mixed manuscripts, galleys, and more.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Prominent topics of Buck's literary works include: Chinese history, politics, and culture; American culture; international relations; adoption; children with disabilities; women's rights; and writing. The collection also includes material regarding the Pearl S. Buck Birthplace Foundation, Pearl Buck as an author, and other subjects.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e For additional material, see A\u0026amp;M 727, Pearl S. Buck, Author, Papers.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eOverview of Record Series:\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e The collection includes eight series:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Series 1. Novels; ca. 1930-1973.\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n Series 2. Non-fiction; ca. 1936-1972.\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n Series 3. Children's Books; ca. 1940-1967.\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n Series 4. Translation; ca. 1933.\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n Series 5. Collections of Short Stories; ca. 1934-1973.\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n Series 6. Other Works; ca. 1923-1967, 2014.\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n Series 7. Miscellaneous; ca. 1960-2014.\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n Series 8. Oversized; ca. 1930-1995.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Series 1-5 include the bulk of Buck's published books in draft form. The cataloging information for these series was drawn from Mary Lee Welliver's thesis, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003ePearl S. Buck's Manuscripts: The Harvest of Half a Century\u003c/emph\u003e (see series 7, box 71, folder 284). Some of the drafts are deemed \"original\" -- for more information on how this conclusion was reached, please see pages 17-18 of the thesis. Series 6 includes drafts of works that were not cataloged in Welliver's thesis.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Since many of Buck's drafts are undated, date ranges given in the series descriptions are based in part on dates of publication. Also, page counts have not been verified.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Manuscripts from the collection were originally housed in 273 large numbered envelopes. The original envelope numbers have been retained as folder numbers, and the original envelopes have been moved to boxes 83-86.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Regarding terminology in this finding aid:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e \"Galley\" indicates a preliminary version of a publication meant for review and copyediting, printed on oversize paper.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e \"Paged galleys\" indicates galleys where pagination has been added, and the number of pages reflects that pagination.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e \"Unpaged galleys\" lack page numbers, and are counted by the number of leaves referred to as \"galley pp.\".\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e \"Holograph\" indicates an entirely handwritten work (as opposed to typescript).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e \"Manuscript\" is used in the general sense to include holographs, typescripts, and galleys.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e \"PSB\" stands for Pearl S. Buck.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes holographs, typescripts, typescript carbons, mixed manuscripts, and galleys for more than thirty of Buck's published novels. Many address the topic of Chinese peasant life. Some works are represented by multiple drafts, and some include corrections and revisions by the author.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Highlights include:\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n paged galleys of Buck's first novel, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eEast Wind, West Wind\u003c/emph\u003e;\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n a typescript of \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eSons\u003c/emph\u003e;\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n original holograph and typescripts of \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Patriot\u003c/emph\u003e;\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n typescripts of \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Angry Wife\u003c/emph\u003e, her only novel set in West Virginia and one of many written under the pseudonym John Sedges; and\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n multiple drafts of \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eImperial Woman\u003c/emph\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Additional drafts, outlines, and synopses for novels and novellas can also be found in Series 6, Other Works. Galleys and galley proofs can be found in Series 8, Oversized.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes typescripts, typescript carbons, mixed manuscripts, and holographs for eighteen of Buck's non-fiction works. Topics include Asia, the role of women in American society, racism, children's welfare, and adoption.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Highlights include:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e multiple drafts and leather-bound presentations of Buck's manuscripts for the biographies of her parents -- \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Exile\u003c/emph\u003e and \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Fighting Angel\u003c/emph\u003e -- two novels that helped earn her the 1938 Nobel Prize in Literature;\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e a mixed manuscript of the book titled \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eOf Men and Women\u003c/emph\u003e;\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e typescripts of \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eHow it Happens\u003c/emph\u003e;\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e multiple drafts of \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Joy of Children\u003c/emph\u003e; and\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e multiple drafts of her autobiographies, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eMy Several Worlds\u003c/emph\u003e and \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eA Bridge for Passing\u003c/emph\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Additional non-fiction works can be found in Series 6, Other Works. Galleys of non-fiction works can be found in Series 8, Oversized.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes typescript carbons, galleys, typescripts, mixed manuscripts, and holographs for eleven children's books, including \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Big Fight\u003c/emph\u003e, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Big Wave\u003c/emph\u003e, and \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eMatthew, Mark, Luke and John\u003c/emph\u003e. Galleys can be found in Series 8, Oversized.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes two typescript drafts of \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eAll Men Are Brothers\u003c/emph\u003e, Buck's translation of one of China's most famous novels, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eShui Hu Chuan\u003c/emph\u003e (also known as \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eWater Margin\u003c/emph\u003e or \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eShui Hu Zhuan\u003c/emph\u003e). A brochure advertising this book can be found in Series 6, Other Works, box 70, folder 279.7.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes typescripts, typescript carbons, holographs, and mixed manuscripts of short stories from nine of Buck's anthologies. Some of the anthologies were published posthumously. Some entries include the periodical in which the various short stories appeared; please note that this is not indicative of a systematic search. Additional short stories can be found in Series 6, Other Works. A magazine clipping has been moved to Series 8, Oversized.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes holographs, typescripts, typescript carbons, clippings, and mixed manuscripts of published and unpublished short stories, articles, dramas/plays, novels, novellas, non-fiction works, reviews, speeches, introductions, forewords, letters, press releases, radio broadcasts, and interviews, among other material. The majority of this series is Buck's own work.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Subjects include China and its people; writing; women; international relations and war; America and its people; India; Japan; mentally handicapped children (the contemporary term, retarded, is used in the contents list); mixed race children; the Vineland Training School; the Welcome House; adoption; and many more. Two published short stories have been moved to Series 8, Oversized.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Highlights include:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e a January 1923 issue of the journal \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Atlantic Monthly\u003c/emph\u003e, containing Buck's first published article, \"In China, Too\" (box 70, folder 282);\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e a typescript introduction to \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Good Earth\u003c/emph\u003e, 1949 (box 63, folder 254.1);\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e a holograph introduction to a series of shortwave radio broadcasts, written by Buck in Chinese characters (with romanizations in typescript) (box 50, folder 196.1);\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e a holograph of an untitled radio broadcast, written by Buck in Chinese characters (with romanizations in typescript) (box 51, folder 202); and\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e typescripts and typescript carbons of the autobiographical short story \"My Chinese Nurse\" (box 33, folders 134.1-134.3).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes exhibit materials, typescripts, clippings, correspondence, ephemera, printed material, photographs, and other material. Subjects include the appraisal and cataloging of collection materials by Frances and Kenneth Swope, Mary Lee Welliver, and Robert Shafer; the Pearl S. Buck Birthplace Foundation and preservation of Buck's birthplace in Hillsboro, WV; celebratory centennial events in 1992; Pearl S. Buck; and her works. The majority of the contents of this series was created by people other than Buck, though it includes a few facsimiles and printed versions of Buck's work.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Highlights include:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e typescripts written about Buck by Lucille S. Zinn, bibliographer for the Pearl S. Buck Birthplace Foundation (box 72, folder 302.1-302.2), who went on to publish \"The Works of Pearl S. Buck: A Bibliography\" (box 73, folder 305.1);\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e records regarding the Pearl S. Buck commemorative stamp (various folders in boxes 73-76); and\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e a cassette tape of an interview with Pearl S. Buck conducted by Arnold Gingrich, October 12, 1970 (box 76, folder 365).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Biographical material on Buck can be found in box 73, folder 320; box 74, folders 323 and 338; box 75, folder 349; and others.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Although now substantially superseded by the current cataloging record in terms of both completeness and detail, the Mary Lee Welliver collection guide, within her graduate thesis, has been retained in this collection for future reference (see box 71, folder 284). Within her guide, Welliver cataloged the drafts of published books within the collection (series 1-5). Within these series, she lists the works alphabetically, and the drafts of each work in rough chronological order. (A version of our contents list in this cataloging record, found below, arranged in the same order as the contents list in Welliver's thesis, is available in box 71, folder 284.) Regarding the chronological order in her guide, Welliver notes that, \"In a few cases, the order has been very difficult to ascertain without a more critical study of the manuscripts. This study is left to future researchers and an 'educated guess' has been made as to chronology in such cases\" (Welliver thesis, p. 21).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Welliver also created data sheets for each work she cataloged, which are available in box 71, folders 293.1-293.4, and box 72, folders 294.1- 294.2. These data sheets include information not recorded in either the contents list found in this cataloging record, or in the Welliver thesis, such as type and size of paper and notations from original envelopes or folders.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Boxes 83-86 include the original container envelopes for most of the collection; the notations on these envelopes regarding specifics about their contents, such as page numbers, may be of interest to future researchers. Not all of this information is present in the contents list.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes galleys and galley proofs from Series 1, Novels; Series 2, Non-fiction; and Series 3, Children's Books. Also includes a magazine clipping from Series 5, Collections of Short Stories; published short stories from Series 6, Other Works; and various clippings regarding the Pearl S. Buck Birthplace Foundation, her home, and other topics. Noteworthy are the paged galleys of Buck's first novel, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eEast Wind, West Wind\u003c/emph\u003e (box 77b, folder 1 and 2).\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Literary manuscripts of Pearl S. Buck (1892-1973), an American fiction writer and humanitarian who won the Pulitzer Prize in 1932 and the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1938. She is best known for her novels about peasant life in China."," The collection includes the great majority of manuscripts comprising Buck's literary works, including her novels, non-fiction, children's books, and short stories, as well as articles and speeches, among other material. There is also material about Pearl Buck."," Formats include holographs, typescripts, typescript carbons, mixed manuscripts, galleys, and more."," Prominent topics of Buck's literary works include: Chinese history, politics, and culture; American culture; international relations; adoption; children with disabilities; women's rights; and writing. The collection also includes material regarding the Pearl S. Buck Birthplace Foundation, Pearl Buck as an author, and other subjects."," For additional material, see A\u0026M 727, Pearl S. Buck, Author, Papers.","Overview of Record Series:"," The collection includes eight series:"," Series 1. Novels; ca. 1930-1973. \n Series 2. Non-fiction; ca. 1936-1972. \n Series 3. Children's Books; ca. 1940-1967. \n Series 4. Translation; ca. 1933. \n Series 5. Collections of Short Stories; ca. 1934-1973. \n Series 6. Other Works; ca. 1923-1967, 2014. \n Series 7. Miscellaneous; ca. 1960-2014. \n Series 8. Oversized; ca. 1930-1995."," Series 1-5 include the bulk of Buck's published books in draft form. The cataloging information for these series was drawn from Mary Lee Welliver's thesis,  Pearl S. Buck's Manuscripts: The Harvest of Half a Century  (see series 7, box 71, folder 284). Some of the drafts are deemed \"original\" -- for more information on how this conclusion was reached, please see pages 17-18 of the thesis. Series 6 includes drafts of works that were not cataloged in Welliver's thesis."," Since many of Buck's drafts are undated, date ranges given in the series descriptions are based in part on dates of publication. Also, page counts have not been verified."," Manuscripts from the collection were originally housed in 273 large numbered envelopes. The original envelope numbers have been retained as folder numbers, and the original envelopes have been moved to boxes 83-86."," Regarding terminology in this finding aid:"," \"Galley\" indicates a preliminary version of a publication meant for review and copyediting, printed on oversize paper."," \"Paged galleys\" indicates galleys where pagination has been added, and the number of pages reflects that pagination."," \"Unpaged galleys\" lack page numbers, and are counted by the number of leaves referred to as \"galley pp.\"."," \"Holograph\" indicates an entirely handwritten work (as opposed to typescript)."," \"Manuscript\" is used in the general sense to include holographs, typescripts, and galleys."," \"PSB\" stands for Pearl S. Buck.","Includes holographs, typescripts, typescript carbons, mixed manuscripts, and galleys for more than thirty of Buck's published novels. Many address the topic of Chinese peasant life. Some works are represented by multiple drafts, and some include corrections and revisions by the author."," Highlights include: \n paged galleys of Buck's first novel,  East Wind, West Wind ; \n a typescript of  Sons ; \n original holograph and typescripts of  The Patriot ; \n typescripts of  The Angry Wife , her only novel set in West Virginia and one of many written under the pseudonym John Sedges; and \n multiple drafts of  Imperial Woman ."," Additional drafts, outlines, and synopses for novels and novellas can also be found in Series 6, Other Works. Galleys and galley proofs can be found in Series 8, Oversized.","Includes typescripts, typescript carbons, mixed manuscripts, and holographs for eighteen of Buck's non-fiction works. Topics include Asia, the role of women in American society, racism, children's welfare, and adoption."," Highlights include:"," multiple drafts and leather-bound presentations of Buck's manuscripts for the biographies of her parents --  The Exile  and  The Fighting Angel  -- two novels that helped earn her the 1938 Nobel Prize in Literature;"," a mixed manuscript of the book titled  Of Men and Women ;"," typescripts of  How it Happens ;"," multiple drafts of  The Joy of Children ; and"," multiple drafts of her autobiographies,  My Several Worlds  and  A Bridge for Passing ."," Additional non-fiction works can be found in Series 6, Other Works. Galleys of non-fiction works can be found in Series 8, Oversized.","Includes typescript carbons, galleys, typescripts, mixed manuscripts, and holographs for eleven children's books, including  The Big Fight ,  The Big Wave , and  Matthew, Mark, Luke and John . Galleys can be found in Series 8, Oversized.","Includes two typescript drafts of  All Men Are Brothers , Buck's translation of one of China's most famous novels,  Shui Hu Chuan  (also known as  Water Margin  or  Shui Hu Zhuan ). A brochure advertising this book can be found in Series 6, Other Works, box 70, folder 279.7.","Includes typescripts, typescript carbons, holographs, and mixed manuscripts of short stories from nine of Buck's anthologies. Some of the anthologies were published posthumously. Some entries include the periodical in which the various short stories appeared; please note that this is not indicative of a systematic search. Additional short stories can be found in Series 6, Other Works. A magazine clipping has been moved to Series 8, Oversized.","Includes holographs, typescripts, typescript carbons, clippings, and mixed manuscripts of published and unpublished short stories, articles, dramas/plays, novels, novellas, non-fiction works, reviews, speeches, introductions, forewords, letters, press releases, radio broadcasts, and interviews, among other material. The majority of this series is Buck's own work."," Subjects include China and its people; writing; women; international relations and war; America and its people; India; Japan; mentally handicapped children (the contemporary term, retarded, is used in the contents list); mixed race children; the Vineland Training School; the Welcome House; adoption; and many more. Two published short stories have been moved to Series 8, Oversized."," Highlights include:"," a January 1923 issue of the journal  The Atlantic Monthly , containing Buck's first published article, \"In China, Too\" (box 70, folder 282);"," a typescript introduction to  The Good Earth , 1949 (box 63, folder 254.1);"," a holograph introduction to a series of shortwave radio broadcasts, written by Buck in Chinese characters (with romanizations in typescript) (box 50, folder 196.1);"," a holograph of an untitled radio broadcast, written by Buck in Chinese characters (with romanizations in typescript) (box 51, folder 202); and"," typescripts and typescript carbons of the autobiographical short story \"My Chinese Nurse\" (box 33, folders 134.1-134.3).","Includes exhibit materials, typescripts, clippings, correspondence, ephemera, printed material, photographs, and other material. Subjects include the appraisal and cataloging of collection materials by Frances and Kenneth Swope, Mary Lee Welliver, and Robert Shafer; the Pearl S. Buck Birthplace Foundation and preservation of Buck's birthplace in Hillsboro, WV; celebratory centennial events in 1992; Pearl S. Buck; and her works. The majority of the contents of this series was created by people other than Buck, though it includes a few facsimiles and printed versions of Buck's work."," Highlights include:"," typescripts written about Buck by Lucille S. Zinn, bibliographer for the Pearl S. Buck Birthplace Foundation (box 72, folder 302.1-302.2), who went on to publish \"The Works of Pearl S. Buck: A Bibliography\" (box 73, folder 305.1);"," records regarding the Pearl S. Buck commemorative stamp (various folders in boxes 73-76); and"," a cassette tape of an interview with Pearl S. Buck conducted by Arnold Gingrich, October 12, 1970 (box 76, folder 365)."," Biographical material on Buck can be found in box 73, folder 320; box 74, folders 323 and 338; box 75, folder 349; and others."," Although now substantially superseded by the current cataloging record in terms of both completeness and detail, the Mary Lee Welliver collection guide, within her graduate thesis, has been retained in this collection for future reference (see box 71, folder 284). Within her guide, Welliver cataloged the drafts of published books within the collection (series 1-5). Within these series, she lists the works alphabetically, and the drafts of each work in rough chronological order. (A version of our contents list in this cataloging record, found below, arranged in the same order as the contents list in Welliver's thesis, is available in box 71, folder 284.) Regarding the chronological order in her guide, Welliver notes that, \"In a few cases, the order has been very difficult to ascertain without a more critical study of the manuscripts. This study is left to future researchers and an 'educated guess' has been made as to chronology in such cases\" (Welliver thesis, p. 21)."," Welliver also created data sheets for each work she cataloged, which are available in box 71, folders 293.1-293.4, and box 72, folders 294.1- 294.2. These data sheets include information not recorded in either the contents list found in this cataloging record, or in the Welliver thesis, such as type and size of paper and notations from original envelopes or folders."," Boxes 83-86 include the original container envelopes for most of the collection; the notations on these envelopes regarding specifics about their contents, such as page numbers, may be of interest to future researchers. Not all of this information is present in the contents list.","Includes galleys and galley proofs from Series 1, Novels; Series 2, Non-fiction; and Series 3, Children's Books. Also includes a magazine clipping from Series 5, Collections of Short Stories; published short stories from Series 6, Other Works; and various clippings regarding the Pearl S. Buck Birthplace Foundation, her home, and other topics. Noteworthy are the paged galleys of Buck's first novel,  East Wind, West Wind  (box 77b, folder 1 and 2)."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSigned letter to Rare Signatures, A\u0026amp;M 435:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e  Signed letter from Pearl Buck to Otto Whittaker, with signed enclosure, dated 1967.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBook to Book Collection:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e  Crouch, Archie R. Scholars' Guide to China Mission Resources in the Libraries and Archives of the United States. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1983.\u003c/p\u003e"],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["Signed letter to Rare Signatures, A\u0026M 435:","  Signed letter from Pearl Buck to Otto Whittaker, with signed enclosure, dated 1967.","Book to Book Collection:","  Crouch, Archie R. Scholars' Guide to China Mission Resources in the Libraries and Archives of the United States. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1983."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_f211b751a051bc9538415405c40b491b\"\u003eLiterary manuscripts of Pearl S. Buck (1892-1973), an American fiction writer and humanitarian who won the Pulitzer Prize in 1932 and the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1938. She is best known for her novels about peasant life in China. The collection includes the great majority of manuscripts comprising Buck's literary works, including her novels, non-fiction, children's books, and short stories, as well as articles and speeches, among other material. There is also material about Pearl Buck. Formats include holographs, typescripts, typescript carbons, mixed manuscripts, galleys, and more. Prominent topics of Buck's literary works include: Chinese history, politics, and culture; American culture; international relations; adoption; children with disabilities; women's rights; and writing. The collection also includes material regarding the Pearl S. Buck Birthplace Foundation, Pearl Buck as an author, and other subjects. For additional material, see A\u0026amp;M 727, Pearl S. Buck, Author. Papers (1930-1976, undated).\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Literary manuscripts of Pearl S. Buck (1892-1973), an American fiction writer and humanitarian who won the Pulitzer Prize in 1932 and the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1938. She is best known for her novels about peasant life in China. The collection includes the great majority of manuscripts comprising Buck's literary works, including her novels, non-fiction, children's books, and short stories, as well as articles and speeches, among other material. There is also material about Pearl Buck. Formats include holographs, typescripts, typescript carbons, mixed manuscripts, galleys, and more. Prominent topics of Buck's literary works include: Chinese history, politics, and culture; American culture; international relations; adoption; children with disabilities; women's rights; and writing. The collection also includes material regarding the Pearl S. Buck Birthplace Foundation, Pearl Buck as an author, and other subjects. For additional material, see A\u0026M 727, Pearl S. Buck, Author. Papers (1930-1976, undated)."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_467f19ef8fc1a4b71aa23048ffda005d\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/"],"names_coll_ssim":["Pearl S. Buck Birthplace Foundation","West Virginia Wesleyan College","Buck, Pearl S. (Pearl Sydenstricker), 1892-1973","Walsh, Richard J. (Richard John), 1886-1960"],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Pearl S. Buck Birthplace Foundation","West Virginia Wesleyan College","Buck, Pearl S. (Pearl Sydenstricker), 1892-1973","Walsh, Richard J. (Richard John), 1886-1960"],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Pearl S. Buck Birthplace Foundation","West Virginia Wesleyan College"],"persname_ssim":["Buck, Pearl S. (Pearl Sydenstricker), 1892-1973","Walsh, Richard J. (Richard John), 1886-1960"],"language_ssim":["English \n.    "],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":923,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T01:24:29.099Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5375_c06_c240"}},{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_177_c01_c01_c26","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"1950s-1960s General","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_177_c01_c01_c26#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003e26 roughly 60x80cm and 5 60x100cm sized posters; topics include agriculture, workers, scandals, German soldiers in France, general party positions, how to vote, anti-de Gaulle, union and action, miners, women, personal power, halting fascism, and Duclos.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_177_c01_c01_c26#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_177_c01_c01_c26","ref_ssm":["vifgm_repositories_2_resources_177_c01_c01_c26"],"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_177_c01_c01_c26","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_177","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_177","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_177_c01_c01","parent_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_177_c01_c01","parent_ssim":["vifgm_repositories_2_resources_177","vifgm_repositories_2_resources_177_c01","vifgm_repositories_2_resources_177_c01_c01"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vifgm_repositories_2_resources_177","vifgm_repositories_2_resources_177_c01","vifgm_repositories_2_resources_177_c01_c01"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["French Communist Party poster collection","Series 1: Political Posters","Subseries 1.1: General Position and Party Information"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["French Communist Party poster collection","Series 1: Political Posters","Subseries 1.1: General Position and Party Information"],"text":["French Communist Party poster collection","Series 1: Political Posters","Subseries 1.1: General Position and Party Information","1950s-1960s General","oversize Shelf 1","folder 2","26 roughly 60x80cm and 5 60x100cm sized posters; topics include agriculture, workers, scandals, German soldiers in France, general party positions, how to vote, anti-de Gaulle, union and action, miners, women, personal power, halting fascism, and Duclos."],"title_filing_ssi":"1950s-1960s General","title_ssm":["1950s-1960s General"],"title_tesim":["1950s-1960s General"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1953-1969"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1953/1969"],"normalized_title_ssm":["1950s-1960s General"],"component_level_isim":[3],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"collection_ssim":["French Communist Party poster collection"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":28,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["There are no access restrictions."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"date_range_isim":[1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969],"containers_ssim":["oversize Shelf 1","folder 2"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e26 roughly 60x80cm and 5 60x100cm sized posters; topics include agriculture, workers, scandals, German soldiers in France, general party positions, how to vote, anti-de Gaulle, union and action, miners, women, personal power, halting fascism, and Duclos.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents note"],"scopecontent_tesim":["26 roughly 60x80cm and 5 60x100cm sized posters; topics include agriculture, workers, scandals, German soldiers in France, general party positions, how to vote, anti-de Gaulle, union and action, miners, women, personal power, halting fascism, and Duclos."],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#0/components#25","timestamp":"2026-05-21T04:54:03.973Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_177","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_177","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_177","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_177","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_177.xml","title_filing_ssi":"French Communist Party poster collection","title_ssm":["French Communist Party poster collection"],"title_tesim":["French Communist Party poster collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["circa 1945-2008"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1945-2008"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0168","/repositories/2/resources/177"],"text":["C0168","/repositories/2/resources/177","French Communist Party poster collection","France -- Politics and government -- 20th century","Protest movements","Political posters, French","Social justice","Nuclear nonproliferation","Human rights","Posters","Political posters","There are no access restrictions.","This collection is organized into two series by subject with posters further organized into 11 subseries. Within each series, posters are arranged by size and chronologically.","Missing Title Series 1: Political posters, circa 1945-2008 (Box 1-5, Shelf 1-4,6, MC) Series 2: Social posters, 1950-2008 (Box 6, Shelf 5, MC)","The French Communist Party (PCF for short) emerged in 1921 out of the Section Francais de l'Internationale Communiste. The two parties fought for support; the PCF supported the many governments of France, but did not participate directly in politics until after World War II. The group took an active role in Charles de Gaulle's government starting in 1944. The PCF was critical of the Indochinese War and the Algerian War in the 1940s and 1950s. They opposed many of the referendums during the start of the Fifth Republic, to no avail. In 1956, Maurice Thorez became the party leader, a role he held until 1964 when Waldeck Rochet took over the party. The PCF ran a candidate in several presidential primaries, but never garnered enough support to continue to the second round of elections. In the 1970s, the PCF banded together with other parties of the left to create the programme commun; this alliance worked together to support Mitterand and also to make governmental changes that their constituents valued. Throughout its existence, the PCF supported the workers and farmers of France and fought for more social welfare programs, like higher minimum wages, better retirement conditions, better working conditions, and equal pay. The party also sought female support by celebrating women's issues and equal rights. The Party held Congresses every few years as party meetings to discuss and celebrate social issues. After President Mitterand's term in office, the party began to fracture and supporters disappeared. The end of communism and the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991 put an extra burden on the already hurting party; they did not dissolve or change their name, but they struggled for wide support like they once had. The party is still active today, with a Young Communiste movement popular amongst the younger generation, but they do not have the members like during their heyday.","Processed by Stacey Kniatt. EAD markup completed by Stacey Kniatt in February 2010.","The Special Collections Research Center also holds the   that include many documents on communist parties in the United States and internationally.","Substantial selection of posters from PCF archive in Paris. Some of the earliest posters are from 1949 billboard campaign, which includes Pablo Picasso's peace dove poster, which he created for the PCF's World Committee of Peace Partisans' conference held in Paris in the spring of 1949. The posters follow party propaganda through their many electoral campaigns and changing platforms into the 21st century; topics include candidates, social welfare programs, financial issues, lodging, a union of the left, peace, human rights, civil rights, environment, anti-nuclear, pro-Cuba, pro-Soviet Union, and anti-America movements. Posters also celebrate important dates, promote the party's publications and advertise party events. Specific topics include women, fete de l'humanite, communists' births and deaths, protests, book releases, and the newspaper l'Humanite.","Series 1: Political Posters contains posters that describe the party's position, call for peace, promote the Union of the Left, support French production and are by Young Communist groups. ","Series 2: Social Posters contains posters that celebrate important anniversaries, advertise for meetings, promote publications, celebrate women, call for protest demonstrations, and convey important party events. ","This first series consists of five subseries and contains political posters all arranged by size and chronologically. The first subseries contains general position and party information posters. The second subseries contains posters about the programme commun. The third subseries contains posters for the production francais campaign. The fourth subseries contains posters about peace and disarmament. The fifth subseries contains posters for the Jeune Communistes party.","Subseries 1.1 is for general position and party information posters. Many posters that are just \"vote communist\" or describe the party platform. There are also many posters for each election that tell party members how to vote.","5 42x59cm sized posters; targeted toward workers and farmers asking for their support.","11 30x40cm, 7 roughly 60x20cm, 2 roughly 40x50cm, 7 40x60cm sized posters; assortment of posters for the many processes surrounding the formation of the Fifth Republic, including anti-de Gaulle, No to constitutional monarchy, Gaulle is a fascist, attacks on de Gaulle's ministers, no to a military dictator, no to civil war.","11 40x60cm, 2 30x40cm, and 2 roughly 24x59cm sized posters; topics include secularism in schools and government, party positions on current issues, anti-fascism, promoting Maurice Thorez.","4 30x40cm sized posters; posters call for voters to vote against the referendum.","10 30x40cm sized posters; posters are anti-Gaulle and against the referendum.","6 roughly 38x58cm posters, 4 30x50cm sized posters, and 4 42x59cm posters; school, jobs, lodging, and military topics included.","5 30x40cm and 3 40x60cm sized posters; the posters support Mitterand for president during the 1965 election in France.","7 40x60cm sized posters; posters are asking voters to vote communist.","4 40x60cm and 2 roughly 30x25cm sized posters; supports Duclos in the first tour and asks voters to abstain in the second tour.","6 40x60cm sized posters; posters all have the slogan \"Pour vivre mieux\" and deal with taxes, proportional representation, nationalization, tariffs, rent levels, and giving the young a job.","7 40x60cm sized posters; the posters call for voters to support the communists and vote communist in the municipal election of 1971. The posters attack the UDR and address taxes, lodging, salaries, and scandals. Most posters say \"avec les communistes.\"","16 40x60cm sized posters; the posters follow two color schemes, yellow with blue font and variations of blue, red and purple boxes with red, white, and blue font. Topics include minimum wage, government-assisted housing, old age aid, creating jobs, taxes, hours in a work week and paid vacation, equalize salaries, and changing the retirement age.","1 30x40cm and 10 40x60cm sized posters; workers against capitalism, vote no to the referendum of 1972, welcome Brejnev to France, cooperation and friendship with the USSR, election poster for M. Gros (1974), stop inflation, lower prices, and HLM/government housing are the various topics of these posters.","1 40x60cm, 1 about 20x30cm, 8 about 50x68cm, 3 on average 35x50cm, 1 50x50cm, 3 triangle sized posters; topics include Marchais during the 1981 election, European parliamentary elections 1984, who to vote for in the March 6, 1983 election, 1982 cantonal elections, and Citroen and the elections.","7 roughly 35x50cm sized posters; posters to support the Communists during the 1986 election, four posters say \"je vote communiste.\"","2 50x36cm and 5 40x60cm sized posters; each poster says \"ne pas subir, agir\" (do not suffer, act) and topics include unemployment, workers, and the future.","6 roughly 68x48cm sized posters; posters show a person talking about something that concerns them, like social and political issues.","1 roughly 35x50cm, 5 roughly 48x68cm sized posters; posters are for Andre Lajoinie's campaign for president in the 1988 elections.","4 48x63cm sized posters; each poster has the phrase \"Une idee qui monte\" and addresses socio-political issues.","1 35x50cm and 4 48x68cm sized posters; each poster is about money, specifically salaries, minimum wage or social welfare aid.","2 33x70cm, 11 roughly 35x50cm, and 8 roughly 48x68cm sized posters; topics include housing, health care, electoral districts, employment, social aid, agricultural issues, and the June 18, 1989 election.","6 33x46cm, 5 48x60cm, 7 48x68cm, 3 38x60cm, and 1 38x52cm sized posters; topics include supporting the PCF, minimum wage, social security, education, drugs, uniting the party, anti-Balladur, women in politics, and the May 25, 1997 election.","6 roughly 47x67cm sized posters; topics include voting, supporting the party, minimum wage, youth jobs, and a poster supporting Marie-George Buffet.","2 45x60cm, 1 15x68cm, 1 50x58cm, and 11 34x47cm sized posters for Robert Hue's many campaigns.","1 10x40cm, 3 40x60cm, 2 70x100cm, 4 60x80cm, 1 35x100cm, 7 50x70cm, 6 30x40cm, and 4 40x40cm sized posters; topics include candidates, positions, women, USSR, unemployment, immigration, voting rights, and buying power.","26 roughly 60x80cm and 5 60x100cm sized posters; topics include agriculture, workers, scandals, German soldiers in France, general party positions, how to vote, anti-de Gaulle, union and action, miners, women, personal power, halting fascism, and Duclos.","36 roughly 60x80cm, 2 40x60cm, and 2 30x100cm sized posters; topics include uniting, anti-UDR, financial scandals, the Soviet Union, Pompidou, cantonal elections, racism, personal power, raising fuel prices, petroleum scandal, d'Estaing, women, the Concord, farmers, saving hospitals, European election, and the election of 1978.","19 roughly 70x100cm, 8 40x60cm, 1 30x40cm sized posters; topics include anti-Giscard, the Corsican election, women, elections of 1983, June 1984 elections, March 1985 elections, schools, human rights, hospital care, electoral districts, party positions, banks, and schools.","18 roughly 70x100cm, 2 60x80cm, and 9 40x60cm sized posters; topics include free information, retirement, schools, party positions, and unemployment.","1 60x80cm, 13 70x100cm, and 1 50x70cm sized posters; topics include Balladur, Chirac, Euro vote, growth, party positions, and Marie-George Buffet.","8 70x100cm sized posters in the series entitled Place aux idees nouvelles (place of new ideas). 2 70x100cm sized posters from the series entitled une idee qui monte.","4 roughly 60x80cm, 10 70x100cm, and 1 50x70cm sized posters for Robert Hue's campaign.","3 roughly 60x80cm, 8 roughly 70x100cm, and 2 50x70cm sized posters about social security issues, including retirement, social security, and more.","7 roughly 60x80cm sized posters for Mitterand's campaigns.","11 roughly 70x90cm sized posters for Lajoinie's campaigns.","8 roughly 50x70cm, 14 roughly 60x80cm, 2 61x95cm, 1 60x70cm, 14 70x100cm, 1 35x50cm, 2 roughly 40x100cm sized posters that deal with finances, salaries, taxes, and unemployment.","2 roughly 40x60cm, 1 50x70cm, 8 60x80cm, 2 40x100cm and 1 70x100cm sized posters against Giscard's campaign.","1 50x70cm, 11 roughly 60x80cm, and 1 30x40cm sized posters that address rising prices.","1 13x60cm, 1 25x60cm, 2 50x70cm, 6 roughly 60x80cm, and 5 70x100cm sized posters about referendum positions in France.","1 33x100cm, 1 30x40cm, 3 roughly 50x70cm, and 7 roughly 60x80cm sized posters for Marchais's campaign.","4 30x40cm, 19 50x70cm, 1 50x100cm, 26 60x80cm, 9 70x100cm, and 1 100x120cm sized posters calling for support or adherence to the Communist party; also includes phrases like I vote communist and with the communists.","1 30x40cm, 1 50x70cm, 3 60x80cm, and 3 70x100cm sized posters about rent and lodging options.","4 roughly 140x50cm, 8 roughly 160x50cm, 2 185x65cm sized posters of various topics, including who to vote for, protests, publications, and party positions.","3 40x120cm, 2 30x120cm, and 30 80x120cm sized posters; posters tell supporters how to vote, call for support, and address party issues. Specific topics include Marchais, Mitterand, the Olympic games, birth control, union of workers, religion in school, Truman doctrine, Duclos, leaders, and taxes.","Subseries 1.2 contains posters leading up to and calling for support of the union of the left, i.e., the programme commun.","7 roughly 41x59cm, 1 29x42cm, 3 29x53cm, 1 38x48cm, and 1 60x70cm sized posters; these posters call for a union of the left or a programme commun.","21 roughly 60x80cm, 1 95x63cm, 3 48x68cm, 2 58x52cm, and 1 38x58cm sized posters; poster topics support the union of the left, cantonal elections, Mitterand and include phrases like end personal power, union and action, it's possible, and adhere.","1 80x120cm sized poster about the programme commun.","Subseries 1.3 contains posters about \"production francais,\" or the Party's campaign to purchase goods made in France.","10 48x68cm and 1 48x64cm sized posters each calling for the support of French production and limiting imports and outsourcing.","2 roughly 60x80cm, 2 48x67cm, and 5 68x97cm sized posters; topics include creating jobs, keeping money in France, fewer imports, fighting unemployment, and Lajoinie campaign issues.","Subseries 1.4 contains posters that are anti-war or anti-bomb, also posters calling for support of certain countries in conflict or the freedom of certain prisoners.","3 roughly 48x68cm, 4 roughly 30x40cm, and 7 roughly 37x49cm sized posters; general posters for peace and various specific topics, like Hungary, Indochina, Turkey, Cuba, and freeing people from prison.","12 roughly 30x40cm, 12 40x60cm, 2 20x60cm, and 1 29x60cm sized posters; these posters follow the Algerian fight for independence, calling for a cease-fire and independence.","1 30x43cm, 10 roughly 38x58cm, and 1 38x51cm sized posters that deal with ending the Vietnam War.","3 30x40cm and 2 38x60cm sized posters that promote nuclear disarmament.","13 roughly 60x80cm sized posters about the Algerian War.","1 30x80cm, 14 60x80cm, and 1 22x60cm sized posters that deal with the war in Vietnam.","1 22x60cm, 6 roughly 30x75cm, 3 roughly 30x100cm, 25 roughly 60x80cm, and 15 roughly 65x100cm sized posters; topics include helping the poor in Indochina, the Hungarian Revolution, no American bases in France, liberation, peace, Nixon and US aggression, concentration camps in Chili, AIDS, the Kyoto Accords, and disarming. Some posters call for freeing Jacques Duclos, Angela Davis, Mandela, and Vietnamese. Many posters are about conflicts in different areas of the globe, including Cuba, Germany, Indochina, Palestine, Nicaragua, Turkey, the Gulf War, and Rwanda.","3 40x120cm and 10 80x120cm sized posters that call for disarmament and peace in war-torn areas like Indochina, Vietnam, Algeria, and Tunisia. There are also posters against American military forces in France.","Subseries 1.5 contains posters by the Jeune Communists (Young Communists).","3 40x60cm, 1 50x80cm, 1 20x80cm, 4 60x80cm, and 8 65x90cm sized posters; poster topics include schools, voting, anti-globalization, employment, the death penalty, Europe, Palestine, stopping discrimination, and anti-Front National.","This second series consists of six subseries and contains social posters all arranged chronologically. The first subseries contains commemorative and anniversary posters. The second subseries contains posters for the celebration of women, like the Fete des Meres, Journee des Femmes, and May 1st for example. The third subseries contains posters for meetings, programs, television appearances. The fourth subseries contains posters about protests. The fifth subseries contains posters to advertise and celebrate for Congresses, Vente-exposition, and the Fete de l'Humanite. The sixth subseries contains posters to advertise for Communist publications.","Subseries 2.1 is for commemorative and anniversary posters that celebrate the anniversary of important communist events like October 1917, famous communists' birthdays or deaths, and the party's anniversary.","Subseries 2.3 contains posters to advertise for party meetings, programs, television appearances.","2 roughly 39x59cm, 1 48x48cm, 3 34x48cm, and 4 48x67cm sized posters; topics include a meeting with Marchais, a city meeting, invites for a meeting, meeting of Fontenay, meeting with Buffet, and a Grand Bal.","2 40x60cm, 2 roughly 28x40cm, 2 roughly 35x50cm, 1 46x46cm, and 1 35x25cm sized posters; specific television appearances include Marchais, Lajoinie, Marchais's new book promotion, Robert Hue, and a radio show.","5 roughly 35x45cm, 18 roughly 60x80cm, 4 roughly 40x100cm, 15 70x100cm, 1 100x140cm, 2 30x80cm, 1 120x160cm, 3 50x70cm, and 1 17x50cm sized posters; poster topics include large public meetings, large parties, regional debates, television appearances, and student and young worker meetings, as well as meetings with top party leaders to discuss various party issues.","5 40x120cm, 1 76x102cm, and 16 80x120cm sized posters; meetings include those with top leaders of the party, with Marchais, and with women, topics include petrol, the Front Populare, Christmas programs, and referendums.","1 30x40cm, 5 roughly 39x59cm, 1 61x24cm, 2 50x67cm, and 1 45x65cm sized posters to celebrate Thorez's birthday, the revolution of October 1917, the passage of social laws, the anniversary of the party, and the anniversary of the liberation of Paris.","4 roughly 60x100cm, 4 roughly 70x100cm, 15 roughly 60x80cm, 1 40x100cm, 2 50x70cm, and 1 40x56cm sized posters that commemorate social laws, the revolution of October 1917, the French Revolution, the founding of the party, several important Communist figures' birthdays, and the anniversary of World War II events.","21 80x120cm and 4 40x120cm sized posters that commemorate the October Revolution of 1917, the commune of Paris, the births and deaths of famous communists, the anniversary of the party, and other small events.","Subseries 2.2 contains posters celebrating women, like the Fete des Meres, Journee des Femmes, and May 1st for example.","1 20x70cm, 1 40x60cm, 5 roughly 50x70cm, 12 roughly 60x80cm, and 7 65x100cm sized posters that celebrate women, particularly the Fete des Meres, the Journee des Femmes, and May 1st celebrations of the French Communist Party.","1 80x120cm sized poster announcing a meeting for women.","Subseries 2.4 contains posters that advertise for protest marches.","8 roughly 60x80cm, 4 roughly 30x100cm, 2 roughly 45x60cm, 1 35x48cm, and 2 70x100cm sized posters; poster topics include secular schools, the youth against apartheid and Giscard, protests against nuclear weapons and the Front National, and protests for jobs and salaries.","1 40x120cm and 1 80x120cm sized posters; one poster is for a protest in honor of the founder of l'Humanite and the other for the commune of Paris.","Subseries 2.5 contains posters to advertise and celebrate for Congresses, Vente-exposition, and the Fete de l'Humanite. Congresses and Fetes are annual gatherings of party members, similar to a convention or festival. Vente-Expositions are book festivals.","5 40x60cm posters; one poster advertises the 15th Congress and the other four show facsimiles of old posters for the 1985 fete de l'humanite.","6 roughly 39x59cm, 1 32x50cm, 3 28x39cm, 1 35x44cm, 1 64x50cm, 1 68x47cm, and 1 46x61cm sized posters; posters advertise Vente-Expositions for Marxist books, the history of the PCF, art and books, the anniversary of the Paris commune, a Grand Gala du lien, a technology expo, and a night of cinema.","13 roughly 60x80cm, 7 roughly 60x100cm, 1 35x70cm, and 2 roughly 40x80cm sized posters; topics include expositions for Soviet or Marxist books, music celebrations, and Congresses.","9 70x100cm, 1 55x75cm, 1 33x48cm, 1 49x65cm, 1 40x60cm, 1 47x58cm, 2 60x80cm, and 1 34x100cm sized posters advertising for the Fete de l'humanite.","1 40x120cm and 7 80x120cm sized posters; topics include Congresses and Marxist book celebrations.","Subseries 2.6 contains posters to advertise for Communist publications, including book releases by party members and newspapers or journals published by the French Communist Party.","2 30x40cm, 3 roughly 59x39cm, 1 52x38cm, 2 69x48cm, and 1 35x5cm sized posters; the publication advertised include L'Humanite, France Nouvelle, Marchais's L'Espoir au Present, Economie et Politique, Avancees, and Communistes.","6 40x60cm, 12 60x80cm, and 1 70x100cm sized posters; topics include the newspapers L'Humanite, Economie et Politique, and Les Espaces Citoyens; Marchais's books Le Defi Democratique and Espoir au Present; Robert Hue's Communisme: La Mutation; and nights of cinema.","3 40x120cm and 3 80x120cm sized posters; publications include the book for the Fete de l'Humanite, Le Patriote newspaper, and Marchais's L'Espoir au Present and Le Defi Democratique.","The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)","Substantial selection of posters from PCF archive in Paris. Topics include French elections, union of the left, anti-outsourcing, peace, human rights, civil rights, social aid, environment, women, publications, congresses, anti-nuclear, pro-Cuba, pro-Soviet Union, and anti-America movements.","Map Case 10.3, 25.1-25.5","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Parti communiste français","Paris Province Impression (PPI) a BAGNOLET","English"],"unitid_tesim":["C0168","/repositories/2/resources/177"],"normalized_title_ssm":["French Communist Party poster collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["French Communist Party poster collection"],"collection_ssim":["French Communist Party poster collection"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"geogname_ssm":["France -- Politics and government -- 20th century"],"geogname_ssim":["France -- Politics and government -- 20th century"],"creator_ssm":["Parti communiste français"],"creator_ssim":["Parti communiste français"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Parti communiste français"],"creators_ssim":["Parti communiste français"],"places_ssim":["France -- Politics and government -- 20th century"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Purchased from Thomas Hill in 2009."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Protest movements","Political posters, French","Social justice","Nuclear nonproliferation","Human rights","Posters","Political posters"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Protest movements","Political posters, French","Social justice","Nuclear nonproliferation","Human rights","Posters","Political posters"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1218 posters"],"extent_tesim":["1218 posters"],"genreform_ssim":["Posters","Political posters"],"date_range_isim":[1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is organized into two series by subject with posters further organized into 11 subseries. Within each series, posters are arranged by size and chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003chead\u003eMissing Title\u003c/head\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 1: Political posters, circa 1945-2008 (Box 1-5, Shelf 1-4,6, MC)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 2: Social posters, 1950-2008 (Box 6, Shelf 5, MC)\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is organized into two series by subject with posters further organized into 11 subseries. Within each series, posters are arranged by size and chronologically.","Missing Title Series 1: Political posters, circa 1945-2008 (Box 1-5, Shelf 1-4,6, MC) Series 2: Social posters, 1950-2008 (Box 6, Shelf 5, MC)"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe French Communist Party (PCF for short) emerged in 1921 out of the Section Francais de l'Internationale Communiste. The two parties fought for support; the PCF supported the many governments of France, but did not participate directly in politics until after World War II. The group took an active role in Charles de Gaulle's government starting in 1944. The PCF was critical of the Indochinese War and the Algerian War in the 1940s and 1950s. They opposed many of the referendums during the start of the Fifth Republic, to no avail. In 1956, Maurice Thorez became the party leader, a role he held until 1964 when Waldeck Rochet took over the party. The PCF ran a candidate in several presidential primaries, but never garnered enough support to continue to the second round of elections. In the 1970s, the PCF banded together with other parties of the left to create the programme commun; this alliance worked together to support Mitterand and also to make governmental changes that their constituents valued. Throughout its existence, the PCF supported the workers and farmers of France and fought for more social welfare programs, like higher minimum wages, better retirement conditions, better working conditions, and equal pay. The party also sought female support by celebrating women's issues and equal rights. The Party held Congresses every few years as party meetings to discuss and celebrate social issues. After President Mitterand's term in office, the party began to fracture and supporters disappeared. The end of communism and the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991 put an extra burden on the already hurting party; they did not dissolve or change their name, but they struggled for wide support like they once had. The party is still active today, with a Young Communiste movement popular amongst the younger generation, but they do not have the members like during their heyday.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["The French Communist Party (PCF for short) emerged in 1921 out of the Section Francais de l'Internationale Communiste. The two parties fought for support; the PCF supported the many governments of France, but did not participate directly in politics until after World War II. The group took an active role in Charles de Gaulle's government starting in 1944. The PCF was critical of the Indochinese War and the Algerian War in the 1940s and 1950s. They opposed many of the referendums during the start of the Fifth Republic, to no avail. In 1956, Maurice Thorez became the party leader, a role he held until 1964 when Waldeck Rochet took over the party. The PCF ran a candidate in several presidential primaries, but never garnered enough support to continue to the second round of elections. In the 1970s, the PCF banded together with other parties of the left to create the programme commun; this alliance worked together to support Mitterand and also to make governmental changes that their constituents valued. Throughout its existence, the PCF supported the workers and farmers of France and fought for more social welfare programs, like higher minimum wages, better retirement conditions, better working conditions, and equal pay. The party also sought female support by celebrating women's issues and equal rights. The Party held Congresses every few years as party meetings to discuss and celebrate social issues. After President Mitterand's term in office, the party began to fracture and supporters disappeared. The end of communism and the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991 put an extra burden on the already hurting party; they did not dissolve or change their name, but they struggled for wide support like they once had. The party is still active today, with a Young Communiste movement popular amongst the younger generation, but they do not have the members like during their heyday."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFrench Communist Party poster collection, C0168, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["French Communist Party poster collection, C0168, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed by Stacey Kniatt. EAD markup completed by Stacey Kniatt in February 2010.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed by Stacey Kniatt. EAD markup completed by Stacey Kniatt in February 2010."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Special Collections Research Center also holds the \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"Francis J. McNamara papers\" href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0024\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e that include many documents on communist parties in the United States and internationally.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Special Collections Research Center also holds the   that include many documents on communist parties in the United States and internationally."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSubstantial selection of posters from PCF archive in Paris. Some of the earliest posters are from 1949 billboard campaign, which includes Pablo Picasso's peace dove poster, which he created for the PCF's World Committee of Peace Partisans' conference held in Paris in the spring of 1949. The posters follow party propaganda through their many electoral campaigns and changing platforms into the 21st century; topics include candidates, social welfare programs, financial issues, lodging, a union of the left, peace, human rights, civil rights, environment, anti-nuclear, pro-Cuba, pro-Soviet Union, and anti-America movements. Posters also celebrate important dates, promote the party's publications and advertise party events. Specific topics include women, fete de l'humanite, communists' births and deaths, protests, book releases, and the newspaper l'Humanite.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1: Political Posters contains posters that describe the party's position, call for peace, promote the Union of the Left, support French production and are by Young Communist groups. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2: Social Posters contains posters that celebrate important anniversaries, advertise for meetings, promote publications, celebrate women, call for protest demonstrations, and convey important party events. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis first series consists of five subseries and contains political posters all arranged by size and chronologically. The first subseries contains general position and party information posters. The second subseries contains posters about the programme commun. The third subseries contains posters for the production francais campaign. The fourth subseries contains posters about peace and disarmament. The fifth subseries contains posters for the Jeune Communistes party.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 1.1 is for general position and party information posters. Many posters that are just \"vote communist\" or describe the party platform. There are also many posters for each election that tell party members how to vote.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e5 42x59cm sized posters; targeted toward workers and farmers asking for their support.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e11 30x40cm, 7 roughly 60x20cm, 2 roughly 40x50cm, 7 40x60cm sized posters; assortment of posters for the many processes surrounding the formation of the Fifth Republic, including anti-de Gaulle, No to constitutional monarchy, Gaulle is a fascist, attacks on de Gaulle's ministers, no to a military dictator, no to civil war.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e11 40x60cm, 2 30x40cm, and 2 roughly 24x59cm sized posters; topics include secularism in schools and government, party positions on current issues, anti-fascism, promoting Maurice Thorez.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e4 30x40cm sized posters; posters call for voters to vote against the referendum.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e10 30x40cm sized posters; posters are anti-Gaulle and against the referendum.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e6 roughly 38x58cm posters, 4 30x50cm sized posters, and 4 42x59cm posters; school, jobs, lodging, and military topics included.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e5 30x40cm and 3 40x60cm sized posters; the posters support Mitterand for president during the 1965 election in France.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e7 40x60cm sized posters; posters are asking voters to vote communist.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e4 40x60cm and 2 roughly 30x25cm sized posters; supports Duclos in the first tour and asks voters to abstain in the second tour.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e6 40x60cm sized posters; posters all have the slogan \"Pour vivre mieux\" and deal with taxes, proportional representation, nationalization, tariffs, rent levels, and giving the young a job.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e7 40x60cm sized posters; the posters call for voters to support the communists and vote communist in the municipal election of 1971. The posters attack the UDR and address taxes, lodging, salaries, and scandals. Most posters say \"avec les communistes.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e16 40x60cm sized posters; the posters follow two color schemes, yellow with blue font and variations of blue, red and purple boxes with red, white, and blue font. Topics include minimum wage, government-assisted housing, old age aid, creating jobs, taxes, hours in a work week and paid vacation, equalize salaries, and changing the retirement age.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1 30x40cm and 10 40x60cm sized posters; workers against capitalism, vote no to the referendum of 1972, welcome Brejnev to France, cooperation and friendship with the USSR, election poster for M. Gros (1974), stop inflation, lower prices, and HLM/government housing are the various topics of these posters.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1 40x60cm, 1 about 20x30cm, 8 about 50x68cm, 3 on average 35x50cm, 1 50x50cm, 3 triangle sized posters; topics include Marchais during the 1981 election, European parliamentary elections 1984, who to vote for in the March 6, 1983 election, 1982 cantonal elections, and Citroen and the elections.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e7 roughly 35x50cm sized posters; posters to support the Communists during the 1986 election, four posters say \"je vote communiste.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e2 50x36cm and 5 40x60cm sized posters; each poster says \"ne pas subir, agir\" (do not suffer, act) and topics include unemployment, workers, and the future.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e6 roughly 68x48cm sized posters; posters show a person talking about something that concerns them, like social and political issues.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1 roughly 35x50cm, 5 roughly 48x68cm sized posters; posters are for Andre Lajoinie's campaign for president in the 1988 elections.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e4 48x63cm sized posters; each poster has the phrase \"Une idee qui monte\" and addresses socio-political issues.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1 35x50cm and 4 48x68cm sized posters; each poster is about money, specifically salaries, minimum wage or social welfare aid.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e2 33x70cm, 11 roughly 35x50cm, and 8 roughly 48x68cm sized posters; topics include housing, health care, electoral districts, employment, social aid, agricultural issues, and the June 18, 1989 election.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e6 33x46cm, 5 48x60cm, 7 48x68cm, 3 38x60cm, and 1 38x52cm sized posters; topics include supporting the PCF, minimum wage, social security, education, drugs, uniting the party, anti-Balladur, women in politics, and the May 25, 1997 election.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e6 roughly 47x67cm sized posters; topics include voting, supporting the party, minimum wage, youth jobs, and a poster supporting Marie-George Buffet.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e2 45x60cm, 1 15x68cm, 1 50x58cm, and 11 34x47cm sized posters for Robert Hue's many campaigns.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1 10x40cm, 3 40x60cm, 2 70x100cm, 4 60x80cm, 1 35x100cm, 7 50x70cm, 6 30x40cm, and 4 40x40cm sized posters; topics include candidates, positions, women, USSR, unemployment, immigration, voting rights, and buying power.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e26 roughly 60x80cm and 5 60x100cm sized posters; topics include agriculture, workers, scandals, German soldiers in France, general party positions, how to vote, anti-de Gaulle, union and action, miners, women, personal power, halting fascism, and Duclos.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e36 roughly 60x80cm, 2 40x60cm, and 2 30x100cm sized posters; topics include uniting, anti-UDR, financial scandals, the Soviet Union, Pompidou, cantonal elections, racism, personal power, raising fuel prices, petroleum scandal, d'Estaing, women, the Concord, farmers, saving hospitals, European election, and the election of 1978.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e19 roughly 70x100cm, 8 40x60cm, 1 30x40cm sized posters; topics include anti-Giscard, the Corsican election, women, elections of 1983, June 1984 elections, March 1985 elections, schools, human rights, hospital care, electoral districts, party positions, banks, and schools.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e18 roughly 70x100cm, 2 60x80cm, and 9 40x60cm sized posters; topics include free information, retirement, schools, party positions, and unemployment.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1 60x80cm, 13 70x100cm, and 1 50x70cm sized posters; topics include Balladur, Chirac, Euro vote, growth, party positions, and Marie-George Buffet.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e8 70x100cm sized posters in the series entitled Place aux idees nouvelles (place of new ideas). 2 70x100cm sized posters from the series entitled une idee qui monte.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e4 roughly 60x80cm, 10 70x100cm, and 1 50x70cm sized posters for Robert Hue's campaign.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e3 roughly 60x80cm, 8 roughly 70x100cm, and 2 50x70cm sized posters about social security issues, including retirement, social security, and more.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e7 roughly 60x80cm sized posters for Mitterand's campaigns.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e11 roughly 70x90cm sized posters for Lajoinie's campaigns.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e8 roughly 50x70cm, 14 roughly 60x80cm, 2 61x95cm, 1 60x70cm, 14 70x100cm, 1 35x50cm, 2 roughly 40x100cm sized posters that deal with finances, salaries, taxes, and unemployment.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e2 roughly 40x60cm, 1 50x70cm, 8 60x80cm, 2 40x100cm and 1 70x100cm sized posters against Giscard's campaign.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1 50x70cm, 11 roughly 60x80cm, and 1 30x40cm sized posters that address rising prices.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1 13x60cm, 1 25x60cm, 2 50x70cm, 6 roughly 60x80cm, and 5 70x100cm sized posters about referendum positions in France.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1 33x100cm, 1 30x40cm, 3 roughly 50x70cm, and 7 roughly 60x80cm sized posters for Marchais's campaign.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e4 30x40cm, 19 50x70cm, 1 50x100cm, 26 60x80cm, 9 70x100cm, and 1 100x120cm sized posters calling for support or adherence to the Communist party; also includes phrases like I vote communist and with the communists.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1 30x40cm, 1 50x70cm, 3 60x80cm, and 3 70x100cm sized posters about rent and lodging options.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e4 roughly 140x50cm, 8 roughly 160x50cm, 2 185x65cm sized posters of various topics, including who to vote for, protests, publications, and party positions.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e3 40x120cm, 2 30x120cm, and 30 80x120cm sized posters; posters tell supporters how to vote, call for support, and address party issues. Specific topics include Marchais, Mitterand, the Olympic games, birth control, union of workers, religion in school, Truman doctrine, Duclos, leaders, and taxes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 1.2 contains posters leading up to and calling for support of the union of the left, i.e., the programme commun.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e7 roughly 41x59cm, 1 29x42cm, 3 29x53cm, 1 38x48cm, and 1 60x70cm sized posters; these posters call for a union of the left or a programme commun.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e21 roughly 60x80cm, 1 95x63cm, 3 48x68cm, 2 58x52cm, and 1 38x58cm sized posters; poster topics support the union of the left, cantonal elections, Mitterand and include phrases like end personal power, union and action, it's possible, and adhere.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1 80x120cm sized poster about the programme commun.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 1.3 contains posters about \"production francais,\" or the Party's campaign to purchase goods made in France.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e10 48x68cm and 1 48x64cm sized posters each calling for the support of French production and limiting imports and outsourcing.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e2 roughly 60x80cm, 2 48x67cm, and 5 68x97cm sized posters; topics include creating jobs, keeping money in France, fewer imports, fighting unemployment, and Lajoinie campaign issues.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 1.4 contains posters that are anti-war or anti-bomb, also posters calling for support of certain countries in conflict or the freedom of certain prisoners.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e3 roughly 48x68cm, 4 roughly 30x40cm, and 7 roughly 37x49cm sized posters; general posters for peace and various specific topics, like Hungary, Indochina, Turkey, Cuba, and freeing people from prison.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e12 roughly 30x40cm, 12 40x60cm, 2 20x60cm, and 1 29x60cm sized posters; these posters follow the Algerian fight for independence, calling for a cease-fire and independence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1 30x43cm, 10 roughly 38x58cm, and 1 38x51cm sized posters that deal with ending the Vietnam War.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e3 30x40cm and 2 38x60cm sized posters that promote nuclear disarmament.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e13 roughly 60x80cm sized posters about the Algerian War.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1 30x80cm, 14 60x80cm, and 1 22x60cm sized posters that deal with the war in Vietnam.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1 22x60cm, 6 roughly 30x75cm, 3 roughly 30x100cm, 25 roughly 60x80cm, and 15 roughly 65x100cm sized posters; topics include helping the poor in Indochina, the Hungarian Revolution, no American bases in France, liberation, peace, Nixon and US aggression, concentration camps in Chili, AIDS, the Kyoto Accords, and disarming. Some posters call for freeing Jacques Duclos, Angela Davis, Mandela, and Vietnamese. Many posters are about conflicts in different areas of the globe, including Cuba, Germany, Indochina, Palestine, Nicaragua, Turkey, the Gulf War, and Rwanda.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e3 40x120cm and 10 80x120cm sized posters that call for disarmament and peace in war-torn areas like Indochina, Vietnam, Algeria, and Tunisia. There are also posters against American military forces in France.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 1.5 contains posters by the Jeune Communists (Young Communists).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e3 40x60cm, 1 50x80cm, 1 20x80cm, 4 60x80cm, and 8 65x90cm sized posters; poster topics include schools, voting, anti-globalization, employment, the death penalty, Europe, Palestine, stopping discrimination, and anti-Front National.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis second series consists of six subseries and contains social posters all arranged chronologically. The first subseries contains commemorative and anniversary posters. The second subseries contains posters for the celebration of women, like the Fete des Meres, Journee des Femmes, and May 1st for example. The third subseries contains posters for meetings, programs, television appearances. The fourth subseries contains posters about protests. The fifth subseries contains posters to advertise and celebrate for Congresses, Vente-exposition, and the Fete de l'Humanite. The sixth subseries contains posters to advertise for Communist publications.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 2.1 is for commemorative and anniversary posters that celebrate the anniversary of important communist events like October 1917, famous communists' birthdays or deaths, and the party's anniversary.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 2.3 contains posters to advertise for party meetings, programs, television appearances.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e2 roughly 39x59cm, 1 48x48cm, 3 34x48cm, and 4 48x67cm sized posters; topics include a meeting with Marchais, a city meeting, invites for a meeting, meeting of Fontenay, meeting with Buffet, and a Grand Bal.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e2 40x60cm, 2 roughly 28x40cm, 2 roughly 35x50cm, 1 46x46cm, and 1 35x25cm sized posters; specific television appearances include Marchais, Lajoinie, Marchais's new book promotion, Robert Hue, and a radio show.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e5 roughly 35x45cm, 18 roughly 60x80cm, 4 roughly 40x100cm, 15 70x100cm, 1 100x140cm, 2 30x80cm, 1 120x160cm, 3 50x70cm, and 1 17x50cm sized posters; poster topics include large public meetings, large parties, regional debates, television appearances, and student and young worker meetings, as well as meetings with top party leaders to discuss various party issues.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e5 40x120cm, 1 76x102cm, and 16 80x120cm sized posters; meetings include those with top leaders of the party, with Marchais, and with women, topics include petrol, the Front Populare, Christmas programs, and referendums.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1 30x40cm, 5 roughly 39x59cm, 1 61x24cm, 2 50x67cm, and 1 45x65cm sized posters to celebrate Thorez's birthday, the revolution of October 1917, the passage of social laws, the anniversary of the party, and the anniversary of the liberation of Paris.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e4 roughly 60x100cm, 4 roughly 70x100cm, 15 roughly 60x80cm, 1 40x100cm, 2 50x70cm, and 1 40x56cm sized posters that commemorate social laws, the revolution of October 1917, the French Revolution, the founding of the party, several important Communist figures' birthdays, and the anniversary of World War II events.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e21 80x120cm and 4 40x120cm sized posters that commemorate the October Revolution of 1917, the commune of Paris, the births and deaths of famous communists, the anniversary of the party, and other small events.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 2.2 contains posters celebrating women, like the Fete des Meres, Journee des Femmes, and May 1st for example.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1 20x70cm, 1 40x60cm, 5 roughly 50x70cm, 12 roughly 60x80cm, and 7 65x100cm sized posters that celebrate women, particularly the Fete des Meres, the Journee des Femmes, and May 1st celebrations of the French Communist Party.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1 80x120cm sized poster announcing a meeting for women.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 2.4 contains posters that advertise for protest marches.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e8 roughly 60x80cm, 4 roughly 30x100cm, 2 roughly 45x60cm, 1 35x48cm, and 2 70x100cm sized posters; poster topics include secular schools, the youth against apartheid and Giscard, protests against nuclear weapons and the Front National, and protests for jobs and salaries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1 40x120cm and 1 80x120cm sized posters; one poster is for a protest in honor of the founder of l'Humanite and the other for the commune of Paris.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 2.5 contains posters to advertise and celebrate for Congresses, Vente-exposition, and the Fete de l'Humanite. Congresses and Fetes are annual gatherings of party members, similar to a convention or festival. Vente-Expositions are book festivals.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e5 40x60cm posters; one poster advertises the 15th Congress and the other four show facsimiles of old posters for the 1985 fete de l'humanite.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e6 roughly 39x59cm, 1 32x50cm, 3 28x39cm, 1 35x44cm, 1 64x50cm, 1 68x47cm, and 1 46x61cm sized posters; posters advertise Vente-Expositions for Marxist books, the history of the PCF, art and books, the anniversary of the Paris commune, a Grand Gala du lien, a technology expo, and a night of cinema.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e13 roughly 60x80cm, 7 roughly 60x100cm, 1 35x70cm, and 2 roughly 40x80cm sized posters; topics include expositions for Soviet or Marxist books, music celebrations, and Congresses.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e9 70x100cm, 1 55x75cm, 1 33x48cm, 1 49x65cm, 1 40x60cm, 1 47x58cm, 2 60x80cm, and 1 34x100cm sized posters advertising for the Fete de l'humanite.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1 40x120cm and 7 80x120cm sized posters; topics include Congresses and Marxist book celebrations.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 2.6 contains posters to advertise for Communist publications, including book releases by party members and newspapers or journals published by the French Communist Party.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e2 30x40cm, 3 roughly 59x39cm, 1 52x38cm, 2 69x48cm, and 1 35x5cm sized posters; the publication advertised include L'Humanite, France Nouvelle, Marchais's L'Espoir au Present, Economie et Politique, Avancees, and Communistes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e6 40x60cm, 12 60x80cm, and 1 70x100cm sized posters; topics include the newspapers L'Humanite, Economie et Politique, and Les Espaces Citoyens; Marchais's books Le Defi Democratique and Espoir au Present; Robert Hue's Communisme: La Mutation; and nights of cinema.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e3 40x120cm and 3 80x120cm sized posters; publications include the book for the Fete de l'Humanite, Le Patriote newspaper, and Marchais's L'Espoir au Present and Le Defi Democratique.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Substantial selection of posters from PCF archive in Paris. Some of the earliest posters are from 1949 billboard campaign, which includes Pablo Picasso's peace dove poster, which he created for the PCF's World Committee of Peace Partisans' conference held in Paris in the spring of 1949. The posters follow party propaganda through their many electoral campaigns and changing platforms into the 21st century; topics include candidates, social welfare programs, financial issues, lodging, a union of the left, peace, human rights, civil rights, environment, anti-nuclear, pro-Cuba, pro-Soviet Union, and anti-America movements. Posters also celebrate important dates, promote the party's publications and advertise party events. Specific topics include women, fete de l'humanite, communists' births and deaths, protests, book releases, and the newspaper l'Humanite.","Series 1: Political Posters contains posters that describe the party's position, call for peace, promote the Union of the Left, support French production and are by Young Communist groups. ","Series 2: Social Posters contains posters that celebrate important anniversaries, advertise for meetings, promote publications, celebrate women, call for protest demonstrations, and convey important party events. ","This first series consists of five subseries and contains political posters all arranged by size and chronologically. The first subseries contains general position and party information posters. The second subseries contains posters about the programme commun. The third subseries contains posters for the production francais campaign. The fourth subseries contains posters about peace and disarmament. The fifth subseries contains posters for the Jeune Communistes party.","Subseries 1.1 is for general position and party information posters. Many posters that are just \"vote communist\" or describe the party platform. There are also many posters for each election that tell party members how to vote.","5 42x59cm sized posters; targeted toward workers and farmers asking for their support.","11 30x40cm, 7 roughly 60x20cm, 2 roughly 40x50cm, 7 40x60cm sized posters; assortment of posters for the many processes surrounding the formation of the Fifth Republic, including anti-de Gaulle, No to constitutional monarchy, Gaulle is a fascist, attacks on de Gaulle's ministers, no to a military dictator, no to civil war.","11 40x60cm, 2 30x40cm, and 2 roughly 24x59cm sized posters; topics include secularism in schools and government, party positions on current issues, anti-fascism, promoting Maurice Thorez.","4 30x40cm sized posters; posters call for voters to vote against the referendum.","10 30x40cm sized posters; posters are anti-Gaulle and against the referendum.","6 roughly 38x58cm posters, 4 30x50cm sized posters, and 4 42x59cm posters; school, jobs, lodging, and military topics included.","5 30x40cm and 3 40x60cm sized posters; the posters support Mitterand for president during the 1965 election in France.","7 40x60cm sized posters; posters are asking voters to vote communist.","4 40x60cm and 2 roughly 30x25cm sized posters; supports Duclos in the first tour and asks voters to abstain in the second tour.","6 40x60cm sized posters; posters all have the slogan \"Pour vivre mieux\" and deal with taxes, proportional representation, nationalization, tariffs, rent levels, and giving the young a job.","7 40x60cm sized posters; the posters call for voters to support the communists and vote communist in the municipal election of 1971. The posters attack the UDR and address taxes, lodging, salaries, and scandals. Most posters say \"avec les communistes.\"","16 40x60cm sized posters; the posters follow two color schemes, yellow with blue font and variations of blue, red and purple boxes with red, white, and blue font. Topics include minimum wage, government-assisted housing, old age aid, creating jobs, taxes, hours in a work week and paid vacation, equalize salaries, and changing the retirement age.","1 30x40cm and 10 40x60cm sized posters; workers against capitalism, vote no to the referendum of 1972, welcome Brejnev to France, cooperation and friendship with the USSR, election poster for M. Gros (1974), stop inflation, lower prices, and HLM/government housing are the various topics of these posters.","1 40x60cm, 1 about 20x30cm, 8 about 50x68cm, 3 on average 35x50cm, 1 50x50cm, 3 triangle sized posters; topics include Marchais during the 1981 election, European parliamentary elections 1984, who to vote for in the March 6, 1983 election, 1982 cantonal elections, and Citroen and the elections.","7 roughly 35x50cm sized posters; posters to support the Communists during the 1986 election, four posters say \"je vote communiste.\"","2 50x36cm and 5 40x60cm sized posters; each poster says \"ne pas subir, agir\" (do not suffer, act) and topics include unemployment, workers, and the future.","6 roughly 68x48cm sized posters; posters show a person talking about something that concerns them, like social and political issues.","1 roughly 35x50cm, 5 roughly 48x68cm sized posters; posters are for Andre Lajoinie's campaign for president in the 1988 elections.","4 48x63cm sized posters; each poster has the phrase \"Une idee qui monte\" and addresses socio-political issues.","1 35x50cm and 4 48x68cm sized posters; each poster is about money, specifically salaries, minimum wage or social welfare aid.","2 33x70cm, 11 roughly 35x50cm, and 8 roughly 48x68cm sized posters; topics include housing, health care, electoral districts, employment, social aid, agricultural issues, and the June 18, 1989 election.","6 33x46cm, 5 48x60cm, 7 48x68cm, 3 38x60cm, and 1 38x52cm sized posters; topics include supporting the PCF, minimum wage, social security, education, drugs, uniting the party, anti-Balladur, women in politics, and the May 25, 1997 election.","6 roughly 47x67cm sized posters; topics include voting, supporting the party, minimum wage, youth jobs, and a poster supporting Marie-George Buffet.","2 45x60cm, 1 15x68cm, 1 50x58cm, and 11 34x47cm sized posters for Robert Hue's many campaigns.","1 10x40cm, 3 40x60cm, 2 70x100cm, 4 60x80cm, 1 35x100cm, 7 50x70cm, 6 30x40cm, and 4 40x40cm sized posters; topics include candidates, positions, women, USSR, unemployment, immigration, voting rights, and buying power.","26 roughly 60x80cm and 5 60x100cm sized posters; topics include agriculture, workers, scandals, German soldiers in France, general party positions, how to vote, anti-de Gaulle, union and action, miners, women, personal power, halting fascism, and Duclos.","36 roughly 60x80cm, 2 40x60cm, and 2 30x100cm sized posters; topics include uniting, anti-UDR, financial scandals, the Soviet Union, Pompidou, cantonal elections, racism, personal power, raising fuel prices, petroleum scandal, d'Estaing, women, the Concord, farmers, saving hospitals, European election, and the election of 1978.","19 roughly 70x100cm, 8 40x60cm, 1 30x40cm sized posters; topics include anti-Giscard, the Corsican election, women, elections of 1983, June 1984 elections, March 1985 elections, schools, human rights, hospital care, electoral districts, party positions, banks, and schools.","18 roughly 70x100cm, 2 60x80cm, and 9 40x60cm sized posters; topics include free information, retirement, schools, party positions, and unemployment.","1 60x80cm, 13 70x100cm, and 1 50x70cm sized posters; topics include Balladur, Chirac, Euro vote, growth, party positions, and Marie-George Buffet.","8 70x100cm sized posters in the series entitled Place aux idees nouvelles (place of new ideas). 2 70x100cm sized posters from the series entitled une idee qui monte.","4 roughly 60x80cm, 10 70x100cm, and 1 50x70cm sized posters for Robert Hue's campaign.","3 roughly 60x80cm, 8 roughly 70x100cm, and 2 50x70cm sized posters about social security issues, including retirement, social security, and more.","7 roughly 60x80cm sized posters for Mitterand's campaigns.","11 roughly 70x90cm sized posters for Lajoinie's campaigns.","8 roughly 50x70cm, 14 roughly 60x80cm, 2 61x95cm, 1 60x70cm, 14 70x100cm, 1 35x50cm, 2 roughly 40x100cm sized posters that deal with finances, salaries, taxes, and unemployment.","2 roughly 40x60cm, 1 50x70cm, 8 60x80cm, 2 40x100cm and 1 70x100cm sized posters against Giscard's campaign.","1 50x70cm, 11 roughly 60x80cm, and 1 30x40cm sized posters that address rising prices.","1 13x60cm, 1 25x60cm, 2 50x70cm, 6 roughly 60x80cm, and 5 70x100cm sized posters about referendum positions in France.","1 33x100cm, 1 30x40cm, 3 roughly 50x70cm, and 7 roughly 60x80cm sized posters for Marchais's campaign.","4 30x40cm, 19 50x70cm, 1 50x100cm, 26 60x80cm, 9 70x100cm, and 1 100x120cm sized posters calling for support or adherence to the Communist party; also includes phrases like I vote communist and with the communists.","1 30x40cm, 1 50x70cm, 3 60x80cm, and 3 70x100cm sized posters about rent and lodging options.","4 roughly 140x50cm, 8 roughly 160x50cm, 2 185x65cm sized posters of various topics, including who to vote for, protests, publications, and party positions.","3 40x120cm, 2 30x120cm, and 30 80x120cm sized posters; posters tell supporters how to vote, call for support, and address party issues. Specific topics include Marchais, Mitterand, the Olympic games, birth control, union of workers, religion in school, Truman doctrine, Duclos, leaders, and taxes.","Subseries 1.2 contains posters leading up to and calling for support of the union of the left, i.e., the programme commun.","7 roughly 41x59cm, 1 29x42cm, 3 29x53cm, 1 38x48cm, and 1 60x70cm sized posters; these posters call for a union of the left or a programme commun.","21 roughly 60x80cm, 1 95x63cm, 3 48x68cm, 2 58x52cm, and 1 38x58cm sized posters; poster topics support the union of the left, cantonal elections, Mitterand and include phrases like end personal power, union and action, it's possible, and adhere.","1 80x120cm sized poster about the programme commun.","Subseries 1.3 contains posters about \"production francais,\" or the Party's campaign to purchase goods made in France.","10 48x68cm and 1 48x64cm sized posters each calling for the support of French production and limiting imports and outsourcing.","2 roughly 60x80cm, 2 48x67cm, and 5 68x97cm sized posters; topics include creating jobs, keeping money in France, fewer imports, fighting unemployment, and Lajoinie campaign issues.","Subseries 1.4 contains posters that are anti-war or anti-bomb, also posters calling for support of certain countries in conflict or the freedom of certain prisoners.","3 roughly 48x68cm, 4 roughly 30x40cm, and 7 roughly 37x49cm sized posters; general posters for peace and various specific topics, like Hungary, Indochina, Turkey, Cuba, and freeing people from prison.","12 roughly 30x40cm, 12 40x60cm, 2 20x60cm, and 1 29x60cm sized posters; these posters follow the Algerian fight for independence, calling for a cease-fire and independence.","1 30x43cm, 10 roughly 38x58cm, and 1 38x51cm sized posters that deal with ending the Vietnam War.","3 30x40cm and 2 38x60cm sized posters that promote nuclear disarmament.","13 roughly 60x80cm sized posters about the Algerian War.","1 30x80cm, 14 60x80cm, and 1 22x60cm sized posters that deal with the war in Vietnam.","1 22x60cm, 6 roughly 30x75cm, 3 roughly 30x100cm, 25 roughly 60x80cm, and 15 roughly 65x100cm sized posters; topics include helping the poor in Indochina, the Hungarian Revolution, no American bases in France, liberation, peace, Nixon and US aggression, concentration camps in Chili, AIDS, the Kyoto Accords, and disarming. Some posters call for freeing Jacques Duclos, Angela Davis, Mandela, and Vietnamese. Many posters are about conflicts in different areas of the globe, including Cuba, Germany, Indochina, Palestine, Nicaragua, Turkey, the Gulf War, and Rwanda.","3 40x120cm and 10 80x120cm sized posters that call for disarmament and peace in war-torn areas like Indochina, Vietnam, Algeria, and Tunisia. There are also posters against American military forces in France.","Subseries 1.5 contains posters by the Jeune Communists (Young Communists).","3 40x60cm, 1 50x80cm, 1 20x80cm, 4 60x80cm, and 8 65x90cm sized posters; poster topics include schools, voting, anti-globalization, employment, the death penalty, Europe, Palestine, stopping discrimination, and anti-Front National.","This second series consists of six subseries and contains social posters all arranged chronologically. The first subseries contains commemorative and anniversary posters. The second subseries contains posters for the celebration of women, like the Fete des Meres, Journee des Femmes, and May 1st for example. The third subseries contains posters for meetings, programs, television appearances. The fourth subseries contains posters about protests. The fifth subseries contains posters to advertise and celebrate for Congresses, Vente-exposition, and the Fete de l'Humanite. The sixth subseries contains posters to advertise for Communist publications.","Subseries 2.1 is for commemorative and anniversary posters that celebrate the anniversary of important communist events like October 1917, famous communists' birthdays or deaths, and the party's anniversary.","Subseries 2.3 contains posters to advertise for party meetings, programs, television appearances.","2 roughly 39x59cm, 1 48x48cm, 3 34x48cm, and 4 48x67cm sized posters; topics include a meeting with Marchais, a city meeting, invites for a meeting, meeting of Fontenay, meeting with Buffet, and a Grand Bal.","2 40x60cm, 2 roughly 28x40cm, 2 roughly 35x50cm, 1 46x46cm, and 1 35x25cm sized posters; specific television appearances include Marchais, Lajoinie, Marchais's new book promotion, Robert Hue, and a radio show.","5 roughly 35x45cm, 18 roughly 60x80cm, 4 roughly 40x100cm, 15 70x100cm, 1 100x140cm, 2 30x80cm, 1 120x160cm, 3 50x70cm, and 1 17x50cm sized posters; poster topics include large public meetings, large parties, regional debates, television appearances, and student and young worker meetings, as well as meetings with top party leaders to discuss various party issues.","5 40x120cm, 1 76x102cm, and 16 80x120cm sized posters; meetings include those with top leaders of the party, with Marchais, and with women, topics include petrol, the Front Populare, Christmas programs, and referendums.","1 30x40cm, 5 roughly 39x59cm, 1 61x24cm, 2 50x67cm, and 1 45x65cm sized posters to celebrate Thorez's birthday, the revolution of October 1917, the passage of social laws, the anniversary of the party, and the anniversary of the liberation of Paris.","4 roughly 60x100cm, 4 roughly 70x100cm, 15 roughly 60x80cm, 1 40x100cm, 2 50x70cm, and 1 40x56cm sized posters that commemorate social laws, the revolution of October 1917, the French Revolution, the founding of the party, several important Communist figures' birthdays, and the anniversary of World War II events.","21 80x120cm and 4 40x120cm sized posters that commemorate the October Revolution of 1917, the commune of Paris, the births and deaths of famous communists, the anniversary of the party, and other small events.","Subseries 2.2 contains posters celebrating women, like the Fete des Meres, Journee des Femmes, and May 1st for example.","1 20x70cm, 1 40x60cm, 5 roughly 50x70cm, 12 roughly 60x80cm, and 7 65x100cm sized posters that celebrate women, particularly the Fete des Meres, the Journee des Femmes, and May 1st celebrations of the French Communist Party.","1 80x120cm sized poster announcing a meeting for women.","Subseries 2.4 contains posters that advertise for protest marches.","8 roughly 60x80cm, 4 roughly 30x100cm, 2 roughly 45x60cm, 1 35x48cm, and 2 70x100cm sized posters; poster topics include secular schools, the youth against apartheid and Giscard, protests against nuclear weapons and the Front National, and protests for jobs and salaries.","1 40x120cm and 1 80x120cm sized posters; one poster is for a protest in honor of the founder of l'Humanite and the other for the commune of Paris.","Subseries 2.5 contains posters to advertise and celebrate for Congresses, Vente-exposition, and the Fete de l'Humanite. Congresses and Fetes are annual gatherings of party members, similar to a convention or festival. Vente-Expositions are book festivals.","5 40x60cm posters; one poster advertises the 15th Congress and the other four show facsimiles of old posters for the 1985 fete de l'humanite.","6 roughly 39x59cm, 1 32x50cm, 3 28x39cm, 1 35x44cm, 1 64x50cm, 1 68x47cm, and 1 46x61cm sized posters; posters advertise Vente-Expositions for Marxist books, the history of the PCF, art and books, the anniversary of the Paris commune, a Grand Gala du lien, a technology expo, and a night of cinema.","13 roughly 60x80cm, 7 roughly 60x100cm, 1 35x70cm, and 2 roughly 40x80cm sized posters; topics include expositions for Soviet or Marxist books, music celebrations, and Congresses.","9 70x100cm, 1 55x75cm, 1 33x48cm, 1 49x65cm, 1 40x60cm, 1 47x58cm, 2 60x80cm, and 1 34x100cm sized posters advertising for the Fete de l'humanite.","1 40x120cm and 7 80x120cm sized posters; topics include Congresses and Marxist book celebrations.","Subseries 2.6 contains posters to advertise for Communist publications, including book releases by party members and newspapers or journals published by the French Communist Party.","2 30x40cm, 3 roughly 59x39cm, 1 52x38cm, 2 69x48cm, and 1 35x5cm sized posters; the publication advertised include L'Humanite, France Nouvelle, Marchais's L'Espoir au Present, Economie et Politique, Avancees, and Communistes.","6 40x60cm, 12 60x80cm, and 1 70x100cm sized posters; topics include the newspapers L'Humanite, Economie et Politique, and Les Espaces Citoyens; Marchais's books Le Defi Democratique and Espoir au Present; Robert Hue's Communisme: La Mutation; and nights of cinema.","3 40x120cm and 3 80x120cm sized posters; publications include the book for the Fete de l'Humanite, Le Patriote newspaper, and Marchais's L'Espoir au Present and Le Defi Democratique."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_dd4c030cc8b3e2ce4e8ba5cc668cd75b\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eSubstantial selection of posters from PCF archive in Paris. Topics include French elections, union of the left, anti-outsourcing, peace, human rights, civil rights, social aid, environment, women, publications, congresses, anti-nuclear, pro-Cuba, pro-Soviet Union, and anti-America movements.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Substantial selection of posters from PCF archive in Paris. Topics include French elections, union of the left, anti-outsourcing, peace, human rights, civil rights, social aid, environment, women, publications, congresses, anti-nuclear, pro-Cuba, pro-Soviet Union, and anti-America movements."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_42e069deeb9ae22cbc4b9fd54458e227\"\u003eMap Case 10.3, 25.1-25.5\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Map Case 10.3, 25.1-25.5"],"names_coll_ssim":["Parti communiste français","Paris Province Impression (PPI) a BAGNOLET"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Parti communiste français","Paris Province Impression (PPI) a BAGNOLET"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Parti communiste français","Paris Province Impression (PPI) a BAGNOLET"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":92,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T04:54:03.973Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_177_c01_c01_c26"}},{"id":"vifgm_vifgm00045_c01_c01_c26","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"1950s-1960s General,","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_vifgm00045_c01_c01_c26#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003e26 roughly 60x80cm and 5 60x100cm sized posters; topics include agriculture, workers, scandals, German soldiers in France, general party positions, how to vote, anti-de Gaulle, union and action, miners, women, personal power, halting fascism, and Duclos.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_vifgm00045_c01_c01_c26#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vifgm_vifgm00045_c01_c01_c26","ref_ssm":["vifgm_vifgm00045_c01_c01_c26"],"id":"vifgm_vifgm00045_c01_c01_c26","ead_ssi":"vifgm_vifgm00045","_root_":"vifgm_vifgm00045","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_vifgm00045_c01_c01","parent_ssi":"vifgm_vifgm00045_c01_c01","parent_ssim":["vifgm_vifgm00045","vifgm_vifgm00045_c01","vifgm_vifgm00045_c01_c01"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vifgm_vifgm00045","vifgm_vifgm00045_c01","vifgm_vifgm00045_c01_c01"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["French Communist Party poster collection","Series 1: Political Posters,","Subseries 1.1: General Position and Party Information,"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["French Communist Party poster collection","Series 1: Political Posters,","Subseries 1.1: General Position and Party Information,"],"text":["French Communist Party poster collection","Series 1: Political Posters,","Subseries 1.1: General Position and Party Information,","1950s-1960s General,","Oversize Shelf 1","Folder 2","26 roughly 60x80cm and 5 60x100cm sized posters; topics include agriculture, workers, scandals, German soldiers in France, general party positions, how to vote, anti-de Gaulle, union and action, miners, women, personal power, halting fascism, and Duclos."],"title_filing_ssi":"1950s-1960s General,","title_ssm":["1950s-1960s General,"],"title_tesim":["1950s-1960s General,"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1953-1969"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1953/1969"],"normalized_title_ssm":["1950s-1960s General,"],"component_level_isim":[3],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"collection_ssim":["French Communist Party poster collection"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":28,"date_range_isim":[1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969],"containers_ssim":["Oversize Shelf 1","Folder 2"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e26 roughly 60x80cm and 5 60x100cm sized posters; topics include agriculture, workers, scandals, German soldiers in France, general party positions, how to vote, anti-de Gaulle, union and action, miners, women, personal power, halting fascism, and Duclos.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_tesim":["26 roughly 60x80cm and 5 60x100cm sized posters; topics include agriculture, workers, scandals, German soldiers in France, general party positions, how to vote, anti-de Gaulle, union and action, miners, women, personal power, halting fascism, and Duclos."],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#0/components#25","timestamp":"2026-05-21T06:33:36.071Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vifgm_vifgm00045","ead_ssi":"vifgm_vifgm00045","_root_":"vifgm_vifgm00045","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_vifgm00045","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/gmu/vifgm00045.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"http://sca.gmu.edu/finding_aids/","title_ssm":["French Communist Party poster collection"],"title_tesim":["French Communist Party poster collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["circa 1945-2008\n"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1945-2008\n"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0168\n"],"text":["C0168\n","French Communist Party poster collection","Human rights--Posters.","Nuclear nonproliferation--Posters.","Social justice--France--20th century--Posters.","Political posters--France--20th century.","Protest posters--France--20th century.","Collection is open to research.\n","This collection is organized into two series by subject with posters further organized into 11 subseries.  Within each series, posters are arranged by size and chronologically.","Series 1: Political posters, circa 1945-2008 (Box 1-5, Shelf 1-4,6, MC)\n Series 2: Social posters, 1950-2008 (Box 6, Shelf 5, MC)\n","\nThe French Communist Party (PCF for short) emerged in 1921 out of the Section Français de l'Internationale Communiste.  The two parties fought for support; the PCF supported the many governments of France, but did not participate directly in politics until after World War II.  The group took an active role in Charles de Gaulle's government starting in 1944.  The PCF was critical of the Indochinese War and the Algerian War in the 1940s and 1950s.  They opposed many of the referendums during the start of the Fifth Republic, to no avail. In 1956, Maurice Thorez became the party leader, a role he held until 1964 when Waldeck Rochet took over the party.  The PCF ran a candidate in several presidential primaries, but never garnered enough support to continue to the second round of elections.  In the 1970s, the PCF banded together with other parties of the left to create the programme commun; this alliance worked together to support Mitterand and also to make governmental changes that their constituents valued.  Throughout its existence, the PCF supported the workers and farmers of France and fought for more social welfare programs, like higher minimum wages, better retirement conditions, better working conditions, and equal pay.  The party also sought female support by celebrating women's issues and equal rights.  The Party held Congresses every few years as party meetings to discuss and celebrate social issues.  After President Mitterand's term in office, the party began to fracture and supporters disappeared.  The end of communism and the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991 put an extra burden on the already hurting party; they did not dissolve or change their name, but they struggled for wide support like they once had.  The party is still active today, with a Young Communiste movement popular amongst the younger generation, but they do not have the members like during their heyday.\n","Processed by Stacey Kniatt. EAD markup completed by Stacey Kniatt in February 2010.\n","Special Collections and Archives also holds the  Francis J. McNamara papers  that include many documents on communist parties in the United States and internationally.","Substantial selection of posters from PCF archive in Paris. Some of the earliest posters are from 1949 billboard campaign, which includes Pablo Picasso's peace dove poster, which he created for the PCF's World Committee of Peace Partisans' conference held in Paris in the spring of 1949.  The posters follow party propaganda through their many electoral campaigns and changing platforms into the 21st century; topics include candidates, social welfare programs, financial issues, lodging, a union of the left, peace, human rights, civil rights, environment, anti-nuclear, pro-Cuba, pro-Soviet Union, and anti-America movements.  Posters also celebrate important dates, promote the party's publications and advertise party events.  Specific topics include women, fête de l'humanité, communists' births and deaths, protests, book releases, and the newspaper l'Humanité.","Series 1: Political Posters contains posters that describe the party's position, call for peace, promote the Union of the Left, support French production and are by Young Communist groups.\n","Series 2: Social Posters contains posters that celebrate important anniversaries, advertise for meetings, promote publications, celebrate women, call for protest demonstrations, and convey important party events.\n","This first series consists of five subseries and contains political posters all arranged by size and chronologically.  The first subseries contains general position and party information posters.  The second subseries contains posters about the programme commun.  The third subseries contains posters for the production français campaign. The fourth subseries contains posters about peace and disarmament.  The fifth subseries contains posters for the Jeune Communistes party.\n","Subseries 1.1 is for general position and party information posters.  Many posters that are just \"vote communist\" or describe the party platform. There are also many posters for each election that tell party members how to vote.\n","5 42x59cm sized posters; targeted toward workers and farmers asking for their support.","11 30x40cm, 7 roughly 60x20cm, 2 roughly 40x50cm, 7 40x60cm sized posters; assortment of posters for the many processes surrounding the formation of the Fifth Republic, including anti-de Gaulle, No to constitutional monarchy, Gaulle is a fascist, attacks on de Gaulle's ministers, no to a military dictator, no to civil war.","11 40x60cm, 2 30x40cm, and 2 roughly 24x59cm sized posters; topics include secularism in schools and government, party positions on current issues, anti-fascism, promoting Maurice Thorez.","4 30x40cm sized posters; posters call for voters to vote against the referendum.","10 30x40cm sized posters; posters are anti-Gaulle and against the referendum.","6 roughly 38x58cm posters, 4 30x50cm sized posters, and 4 42x59cm posters; school, jobs, lodging, and military topics included.","5 30x40cm and 3 40x60cm sized posters; the posters support Mitterand for president during the 1965 election in France.","7 40x60cm sized posters; posters are asking voters to vote communist.","4 40x60cm and 2 roughly 30x25cm sized posters; supports Duclos in the first tour and asks voters to abstain in the second tour.","6 40x60cm sized posters; posters all have the slogan \"Pour vivre mieux\" and deal with taxes, proportional representation, nationalization, tariffs, rent levels, and giving the young a job.","7 40x60cm sized posters; the posters call for voters to support the communists and vote communist in the municipal election of 1971. The posters attack the UDR and address taxes, lodging, salaries, and scandals. Most posters say \"avec les communistes.\"","16 40x60cm sized posters; the posters follow two color schemes, yellow with blue font and variations of blue, red and purple boxes with red, white, and blue font. Topics include minimum wage, government-assisted housing, old age aid, creating jobs, taxes, hours in a work week and paid vacation, equalize salaries, and changing the retirement age.","1 30x40cm and 10 40x60cm sized posters; workers against capitalism, vote no to the referendum of 1972, welcome Brejnev to France, cooperation and friendship with the USSR, election poster for M. Gros (1974), stop inflation, lower prices, and HLM/government housing are the various topics of these posters.","1 40x60cm, 1 about 20x30cm, 8 about 50x68cm, 3 on average 35x50cm, 1 50x50cm, 3 triangle sized posters; topics include Marchais during the 1981 election, European parliamentary elections 1984, who to vote for in the March 6, 1983 election, 1982 cantonal elections, and Citroën and the elections.","7 roughly 35x50cm sized posters; posters to support the Communists during the 1986 election, four posters say \"je vote communiste.\"","2 50x36cm and 5 40x60cm sized posters; each poster says \"ne pas subir, agir\" (do not suffer, act) and topics include unemployment, workers, and the future.","6 roughly 68x48cm sized posters; posters show a person talking about something that concerns them, like social and political issues.","1 roughly 35x50cm, 5 roughly 48x68cm sized posters; posters are for André Lajoinie's campaign for president in the 1988 elections.","4 48x63cm sized posters; each poster has the phrase \"Une ideée qui monte\" and addresses socio-political issues.","1 35x50cm and 4 48x68cm sized posters; each poster is about money, specifically salaries, minimum wage or social welfare aid.","2 33x70cm, 11 roughly 35x50cm, and 8 roughly 48x68cm sized posters; topics include housing, health care, electoral districts, employment, social aid, agricultural issues, and the June 18, 1989 election.","6 33x46cm, 5 48x60cm, 7 48x68cm, 3 38x60cm, and 1 38x52cm sized posters; topics include supporting the PCF, minimum wage, social security, education, drugs, uniting the party, anti-Balladur, women in politics, and the May 25, 1997 election.","6 roughly 47x67cm sized posters; topics include voting, supporting the party, minimum wage, youth jobs, and a poster supporting Marie-George Buffet.","2 45x60cm, 1 15x68cm, 1 50x58cm, and 11 34x47cm sized posters for Robert Hue's many campaigns.","1 10x40cm, 3 40x60cm, 2 70x100cm, 4 60x80cm, 1 35x100cm, 7 50x70cm, 6 30x40cm, and 4 40x40cm sized posters; topics include candidates, positions, women, USSR, unemployment, immigration, voting rights, and buying power.","26 roughly 60x80cm and 5 60x100cm sized posters; topics include agriculture, workers, scandals, German soldiers in France, general party positions, how to vote, anti-de Gaulle, union and action, miners, women, personal power, halting fascism, and Duclos.","36 roughly 60x80cm, 2 40x60cm, and 2 30x100cm sized posters; topics include uniting, anti-UDR, financial scandals, the Soviet Union, Pompidou, cantonal elections, racism, personal power, raising fuel prices, petroleum scandal, d'Estaing, women, the Concord, farmers, saving hospitals, European election, and the election of 1978.","19 roughly 70x100cm, 8 40x60cm, 1 30x40cm sized posters; topics include anti-Giscard, the Corsican election, women, elections of 1983, June  1984 elections, March 1985 elections, schools, human rights, hospital care, electoral districts, party positions, banks, and schools.","18 roughly 70x100cm, 2 60x80cm, and 9 40x60cm sized posters; topics include free information, retirement, schools, party positions, and unemployment.","1 60x80cm, 13 70x100cm, and 1 50x70cm sized posters; topics include Balladur, Chirac, Euro vote, growth, party positions, and Marie-George Buffet.","8 70x100cm sized posters in the series entitled Place aux idées nouvelles (place of new ideas).  2 70x100cm sized posters from the series entitled une idée qui monte.","4 roughly 60x80cm, 10 70x100cm, and 1 50x70cm sized posters for Robert Hue's campaign.","3 roughly 60x80cm, 8 roughly 70x100cm, and 2 50x70cm sized posters about social security issues, including retirement, social security, and more.","7 roughly 60x80cm sized posters for Mitterand's campaigns.","11 roughly 70x90cm sized posters for Lajoinie's campaigns.","8 roughly 50x70cm, 14 roughly 60x80cm, 2 61x95cm, 1 60x70cm, 14 70x100cm, 1 35x50cm, 2 roughly 40x100cm sized posters that deal with finances, salaries, taxes, and unemployment.","2 roughly 40x60cm, 1 50x70cm, 8 60x80cm, 2 40x100cm and 1 70x100cm sized posters against Giscard's campaign.","1 50x70cm, 11 roughly 60x80cm, and 1 30x40cm sized posters that address rising prices.","1 13x60cm, 1 25x60cm, 2 50x70cm, 6 roughly 60x80cm, and 5 70x100cm sized posters about referendum positions in France.","1 33x100cm, 1 30x40cm, 3 roughly 50x70cm, and 7 roughly 60x80cm sized posters for Marchais's campaign.","4 30x40cm, 19 50x70cm, 1 50x100cm, 26 60x80cm, 9 70x100cm, and 1 100x120cm sized posters calling for support or adherence to the Communist party; also includes phrases like I vote communist and with the communists.","1 30x40cm, 1 50x70cm, 3 60x80cm, and 3 70x100cm sized posters about rent and lodging options.","4 roughly 140x50cm, 8 roughly 160x50cm, 2 185x65cm sized posters of various topics, including who to vote for, protests, publications, and party positions.","3 40x120cm, 2 30x120cm, and 30 80x120cm sized posters; posters tell supporters how to vote, call for support, and address party issues.  Specific topics include Marchais, Mitterand, the Olympic games, birth control, union of workers, religion in school, Truman doctrine, Duclos, leaders, and taxes. ","Subseries 1.2 contains posters leading up to and calling for support of the union of the left, i.e., the programme commun. \n","7 roughly 41x59cm, 1 29x42cm, 3 29x53cm, 1 38x48cm, and 1 60x70cm sized posters; these posters call for a union of the left or a programme commun.","21 roughly 60x80cm, 1 95x63cm, 3 48x68cm, 2 58x52cm, and 1 38x58cm sized posters; poster topics support the union of the left, cantonal elections, Mitterand and include phrases like end personal power, union and action, it's possible, and adhere.","1 80x120cm sized poster about the programme commun.","Subseries 1.3 contains posters about \"production français,\" or the Party's campaign to purchase goods made in France. \n","10 48x68cm and 1 48x64cm sized posters each calling for the support of French production and limiting imports and outsourcing.","2 roughly 60x80cm, 2 48x67cm, and 5 68x97cm sized posters; topics include creating jobs, keeping money in France, fewer imports, fighting unemployment, and Lajoinie campaign issues.","Subseries 1.4 contains posters that are anti-war or anti-bomb, also posters calling for support of certain countries in conflict or the freedom of certain prisoners. \n","3 roughly 48x68cm, 4 roughly 30x40cm, and 7 roughly 37x49cm sized posters; general posters for peace and various specific topics, like Hungary, Indochina, Turkey, Cuba, and freeing people from prison.","12 roughly 30x40cm, 12 40x60cm, 2 20x60cm, and 1 29x60cm sized posters; these posters follow the Algerian fight for independence, calling for a cease-fire and independence.","1 30x43cm, 10 roughly 38x58cm, and 1 38x51cm sized posters that deal with ending the Vietnam War.","3 30x40cm and 2 38x60cm sized posters that promote nuclear disarmament.","13 roughly 60x80cm sized posters about the Algerian War.","1 30x80cm, 14 60x80cm, and 1 22x60cm sized posters that deal with the war in Vietnam.","1 22x60cm, 6 roughly 30x75cm, 3 roughly 30x100cm, 25 roughly 60x80cm, and 15 roughly 65x100cm sized posters; topics include helping the poor in Indochina, the Hungarian Revolution, no American bases in France, liberation, peace, Nixon and US aggression, concentration camps in Chili, AIDS, the Kyoto Accords, and disarming.  Some posters call for freeing Jacques Duclos, Angela Davis, Mandela, and Vietnamese.  Many posters are about conflicts in different areas of the globe, including Cuba, Germany, Indochina, Palestine, Nicaragua, Turkey, the Gulf War, and Rwanda.","3 40x120cm and 10 80x120cm sized posters that call for disarmament and peace in war-torn areas like Indochina, Vietnam, Algeria, and Tunisia.  There are also posters against American military forces in France.","Subseries 1.5 contains posters by the Jeune Communists (Young Communists). \n","3 40x60cm, 1 50x80cm, 1 20x80cm, 4 60x80cm, and 8 65x90cm sized posters; poster topics include schools, voting, anti-globalization, employment, the death penalty, Europe, Palestine, stopping discrimination, and anti-Front National.","This second series consists of six subseries and contains social posters all arranged chronologically.  The first subseries contains commemorative and anniversary posters.  The second subseries contains posters for the celebration of women, like the Fête des Mères, Journée des Femmes, and May 1st for example.  The third subseries contains posters for meetings, programs, television appearances. The fourth subseries contains posters about protests.  The fifth subseries contains posters to advertise and celebrate for Congresses, Vente-exposition, and the Fête de l'Humanité.  The sixth subseries contains posters to advertise for Communist publications.\n","Subseries 2.1 is for commemorative and anniversary posters that celebrate the anniversary of important communist events like October 1917, famous communists' birthdays or deaths, and the party's anniversary.\n","1 30x40cm, 5 roughly 39x59cm, 1 61x24cm, 2 50x67cm, and 1 45x65cm sized posters to celebrate Thorez's birthday, the revolution of October 1917, the passage of social laws, the anniversary of the party, and the anniversary of the liberation of Paris.","4 roughly 60x100cm, 4 roughly 70x100cm, 15 roughly 60x80cm, 1 40x100cm, 2 50x70cm, and 1 40x56cm sized posters that commemorate social laws, the revolution of October 1917, the French Revolution, the founding of the party, several important Communist figures' birthdays, and the anniversary of World War II events.","21 80x120cm and 4 40x120cm sized posters that commemorate the October Revolution of 1917, the commune of Paris, the births and deaths of famous communists, the anniversary of the party, and other small events.","Subseries 2.2 contains posters celebrating women, like the Fête des Mères, Journée des Femmes, and May 1st for example. \n","1 20x70cm, 1 40x60cm, 5 roughly 50x70cm, 12 roughly 60x80cm, and 7 65x100cm sized posters that celebrate women, particularly the Fête des Mères, the Journée des Femmes, and May 1st celebrations of the French Communist Party.","1 80x120cm sized poster announcing a meeting for women.","Subseries 2.3 contains posters to advertise for party meetings, programs, television appearances. \n","2 roughly 39x59cm, 1 48x48cm, 3 34x48cm, and 4 48x67cm sized posters; topics include a meeting with Marchais, a city meeting, invites for a meeting, meeting of Fontenay, meeting with Buffet, and a Grand Bal.","2 40x60cm, 2 roughly 28x40cm, 2 roughly 35x50cm, 1 46x46cm, and 1 35x25cm sized posters; specific television appearances include Marchais, Lajoinie, Marchais's new book promotion, Robert Hue, and a radio show.","5 roughly 35x45cm, 18 roughly 60x80cm, 4 roughly 40x100cm, 15 70x100cm, 1 100x140cm, 2 30x80cm, 1 120x160cm, 3 50x70cm, and 1 17x50cm sized posters; poster topics include large public meetings, large parties, regional debates, television appearances, and student and young worker meetings, as well as meetings with top party leaders to discuss various party issues.","5 40x120cm, 1 76x102cm, and 16 80x120cm sized posters; meetings include those with top leaders of the party, with Marchais, and with women, topics include petrol, the Front Populare, Christmas programs, and referendums.","Subseries 2.4 contains posters that advertise for protest marches. \n","8 roughly 60x80cm, 4 roughly 30x100cm, 2 roughly 45x60cm, 1 35x48cm, and 2 70x100cm sized posters; poster topics include secular schools, the youth against apartheid  and Giscard, protests against nuclear weapons and the Front National, and protests for jobs and salaries.","1 40x120cm and 1 80x120cm sized posters; one poster is for a protest in honor of the founder of l'Humanité and the other for the commune of Paris.","Subseries 2.5 contains posters to advertise and celebrate for Congresses, Vente-exposition, and the Fête de l'Humanité. Congresses and Fetes are annual gatherings of party members, similar to a convention or festival.  Vente-Expositions are book festivals.\n","5 40x60cm posters; one poster advertises the 15th Congress and the other four show facsimiles of old posters for the 1985 fête de l'humanité.","6 roughly 39x59cm, 1 32x50cm, 3 28x39cm, 1 35x44cm, 1 64x50cm, 1 68x47cm, and 1 46x61cm sized posters; posters advertise Vente-Expositions for Marxist books, the history of the PCF, art and books, the anniversary of the Paris commune, a Grand Gala du lien, a technology expo, and a night of cinema.","13 roughly 60x80cm, 7 roughly 60x100cm, 1 35x70cm, and 2 roughly 40x80cm sized posters; topics include expositions for Soviet or Marxist books, music celebrations, and Congresses.","9 70x100cm, 1 55x75cm, 1 33x48cm, 1 49x65cm, 1 40x60cm, 1 47x58cm, 2 60x80cm, and 1 34x100cm sized posters advertising for the Fête de l'humanité.","1 40x120cm and 7 80x120cm sized posters; topics include Congresses and Marxist book celebrations.","Subseries 2.6 contains posters to advertise for Communist publications, including book releases by party members and newspapers or journals published by the French Communist Party. \n","2 30x40cm, 3 roughly 59x39cm, 1 52x38cm, 2 69x48cm, and 1 35x5cm sized posters; the publication advertised include L'Humanité, France Nouvelle, Marchais's L'Espoir au Present, Economie et Politique, Avancées, and Communistes.","6 40x60cm, 12 60x80cm, and 1 70x100cm sized posters; topics include the newspapers L'Humanité, Economie et Politique, and Les Espaces Citoyens; Marchais's books Le Defi Democratique and Espoir au Present; Robert Hue's Communisme: La Mutation; and nights of cinema.","3 40x120cm and 3 80x120cm sized posters; publications include the book for the Fête de l'Humanité, Le Patriote newspaper, and Marchais's L'Espoir au Present and Le Defi Democratique.","There are no restrictions.\n","Substantial selection of posters from PCF archive in Paris. Topics include French elections, union of the left, anti-outsourcing, peace, human rights, civil rights, social aid, environment, women, publications, congresses, anti-nuclear, pro-Cuba, pro-Soviet Union, and anti-America movements.\n","George Mason University.  Special Collections and Archives.\n","Parti Communiste Français\n","Parti communiste français.","dabermill à AULNAY SOUS BOIS.","Paris Province Impression (PPI) à BAGNOLET.","ICC J. London à Paris.","French\n"],"unitid_tesim":["C0168\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["French Communist Party poster collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["French Communist Party poster collection"],"collection_ssim":["French Communist Party poster collection"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"creator_ssm":["Parti Communiste Français\n"],"creator_ssim":["Parti Communiste Français\n"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Parti Communiste Français\n"],"creators_ssim":["Parti Communiste Français\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Purchased from Thomas Hill in 2009.\n"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Human rights--Posters.","Nuclear nonproliferation--Posters.","Social justice--France--20th century--Posters.","Political posters--France--20th century.","Protest posters--France--20th century."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Human rights--Posters.","Nuclear nonproliferation--Posters.","Social justice--France--20th century--Posters.","Political posters--France--20th century.","Protest posters--France--20th century."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1218 posters"],"extent_tesim":["1218 posters"],"date_range_isim":[1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to research.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to research.\n"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is organized into two series by subject with posters further organized into 11 subseries.  Within each series, posters are arranged by size and chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003clist\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSeries 1: Political posters, circa 1945-2008 (Box 1-5, Shelf 1-4,6, MC)\n\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSeries 2: Social posters, 1950-2008 (Box 6, Shelf 5, MC)\n\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/list\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is organized into two series by subject with posters further organized into 11 subseries.  Within each series, posters are arranged by size and chronologically.","Series 1: Political posters, circa 1945-2008 (Box 1-5, Shelf 1-4,6, MC)\n Series 2: Social posters, 1950-2008 (Box 6, Shelf 5, MC)\n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\nThe French Communist Party (PCF for short) emerged in 1921 out of the Section Français de l'Internationale Communiste.  The two parties fought for support; the PCF supported the many governments of France, but did not participate directly in politics until after World War II.  The group took an active role in Charles de Gaulle's government starting in 1944.  The PCF was critical of the Indochinese War and the Algerian War in the 1940s and 1950s.  They opposed many of the referendums during the start of the Fifth Republic, to no avail. In 1956, Maurice Thorez became the party leader, a role he held until 1964 when Waldeck Rochet took over the party.  The PCF ran a candidate in several presidential primaries, but never garnered enough support to continue to the second round of elections.  In the 1970s, the PCF banded together with other parties of the left to create the programme commun; this alliance worked together to support Mitterand and also to make governmental changes that their constituents valued.  Throughout its existence, the PCF supported the workers and farmers of France and fought for more social welfare programs, like higher minimum wages, better retirement conditions, better working conditions, and equal pay.  The party also sought female support by celebrating women's issues and equal rights.  The Party held Congresses every few years as party meetings to discuss and celebrate social issues.  After President Mitterand's term in office, the party began to fracture and supporters disappeared.  The end of communism and the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991 put an extra burden on the already hurting party; they did not dissolve or change their name, but they struggled for wide support like they once had.  The party is still active today, with a Young Communiste movement popular amongst the younger generation, but they do not have the members like during their heyday.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["\nThe French Communist Party (PCF for short) emerged in 1921 out of the Section Français de l'Internationale Communiste.  The two parties fought for support; the PCF supported the many governments of France, but did not participate directly in politics until after World War II.  The group took an active role in Charles de Gaulle's government starting in 1944.  The PCF was critical of the Indochinese War and the Algerian War in the 1940s and 1950s.  They opposed many of the referendums during the start of the Fifth Republic, to no avail. In 1956, Maurice Thorez became the party leader, a role he held until 1964 when Waldeck Rochet took over the party.  The PCF ran a candidate in several presidential primaries, but never garnered enough support to continue to the second round of elections.  In the 1970s, the PCF banded together with other parties of the left to create the programme commun; this alliance worked together to support Mitterand and also to make governmental changes that their constituents valued.  Throughout its existence, the PCF supported the workers and farmers of France and fought for more social welfare programs, like higher minimum wages, better retirement conditions, better working conditions, and equal pay.  The party also sought female support by celebrating women's issues and equal rights.  The Party held Congresses every few years as party meetings to discuss and celebrate social issues.  After President Mitterand's term in office, the party began to fracture and supporters disappeared.  The end of communism and the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991 put an extra burden on the already hurting party; they did not dissolve or change their name, but they struggled for wide support like they once had.  The party is still active today, with a Young Communiste movement popular amongst the younger generation, but they do not have the members like during their heyday.\n"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFrench Communist Party poster collection, Collection #C0168, Special Collections and Archives, George Mason University.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["French Communist Party poster collection, Collection #C0168, Special Collections and Archives, George Mason University.\n"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed by Stacey Kniatt. EAD markup completed by Stacey Kniatt in February 2010.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information\n"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed by Stacey Kniatt. EAD markup completed by Stacey Kniatt in February 2010.\n"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSpecial Collections and Archives also holds the \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://sca.gmu.edu/finding_aids/mcnamara.html\"\u003eFrancis J. McNamara papers\u003c/extref\u003e that include many documents on communist parties in the United States and internationally.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material\n"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Special Collections and Archives also holds the  Francis J. McNamara papers  that include many documents on communist parties in the United States and internationally."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSubstantial selection of posters from PCF archive in Paris. Some of the earliest posters are from 1949 billboard campaign, which includes Pablo Picasso's peace dove poster, which he created for the PCF's World Committee of Peace Partisans' conference held in Paris in the spring of 1949.  The posters follow party propaganda through their many electoral campaigns and changing platforms into the 21st century; topics include candidates, social welfare programs, financial issues, lodging, a union of the left, peace, human rights, civil rights, environment, anti-nuclear, pro-Cuba, pro-Soviet Union, and anti-America movements.  Posters also celebrate important dates, promote the party's publications and advertise party events.  Specific topics include women, fête de l'humanité, communists' births and deaths, protests, book releases, and the newspaper l'Humanité.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1: Political Posters contains posters that describe the party's position, call for peace, promote the Union of the Left, support French production and are by Young Communist groups.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2: Social Posters contains posters that celebrate important anniversaries, advertise for meetings, promote publications, celebrate women, call for protest demonstrations, and convey important party events.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis first series consists of five subseries and contains political posters all arranged by size and chronologically.  The first subseries contains general position and party information posters.  The second subseries contains posters about the programme commun.  The third subseries contains posters for the production français campaign. The fourth subseries contains posters about peace and disarmament.  The fifth subseries contains posters for the Jeune Communistes party.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 1.1 is for general position and party information posters.  Many posters that are just \"vote communist\" or describe the party platform. There are also many posters for each election that tell party members how to vote.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e5 42x59cm sized posters; targeted toward workers and farmers asking for their support.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e11 30x40cm, 7 roughly 60x20cm, 2 roughly 40x50cm, 7 40x60cm sized posters; assortment of posters for the many processes surrounding the formation of the Fifth Republic, including anti-de Gaulle, No to constitutional monarchy, Gaulle is a fascist, attacks on de Gaulle's ministers, no to a military dictator, no to civil war.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e11 40x60cm, 2 30x40cm, and 2 roughly 24x59cm sized posters; topics include secularism in schools and government, party positions on current issues, anti-fascism, promoting Maurice Thorez.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e4 30x40cm sized posters; posters call for voters to vote against the referendum.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e10 30x40cm sized posters; posters are anti-Gaulle and against the referendum.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e6 roughly 38x58cm posters, 4 30x50cm sized posters, and 4 42x59cm posters; school, jobs, lodging, and military topics included.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e5 30x40cm and 3 40x60cm sized posters; the posters support Mitterand for president during the 1965 election in France.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e7 40x60cm sized posters; posters are asking voters to vote communist.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e4 40x60cm and 2 roughly 30x25cm sized posters; supports Duclos in the first tour and asks voters to abstain in the second tour.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e6 40x60cm sized posters; posters all have the slogan \"Pour vivre mieux\" and deal with taxes, proportional representation, nationalization, tariffs, rent levels, and giving the young a job.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e7 40x60cm sized posters; the posters call for voters to support the communists and vote communist in the municipal election of 1971. The posters attack the UDR and address taxes, lodging, salaries, and scandals. Most posters say \"avec les communistes.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e16 40x60cm sized posters; the posters follow two color schemes, yellow with blue font and variations of blue, red and purple boxes with red, white, and blue font. Topics include minimum wage, government-assisted housing, old age aid, creating jobs, taxes, hours in a work week and paid vacation, equalize salaries, and changing the retirement age.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1 30x40cm and 10 40x60cm sized posters; workers against capitalism, vote no to the referendum of 1972, welcome Brejnev to France, cooperation and friendship with the USSR, election poster for M. Gros (1974), stop inflation, lower prices, and HLM/government housing are the various topics of these posters.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1 40x60cm, 1 about 20x30cm, 8 about 50x68cm, 3 on average 35x50cm, 1 50x50cm, 3 triangle sized posters; topics include Marchais during the 1981 election, European parliamentary elections 1984, who to vote for in the March 6, 1983 election, 1982 cantonal elections, and Citroën and the elections.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e7 roughly 35x50cm sized posters; posters to support the Communists during the 1986 election, four posters say \"je vote communiste.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e2 50x36cm and 5 40x60cm sized posters; each poster says \"ne pas subir, agir\" (do not suffer, act) and topics include unemployment, workers, and the future.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e6 roughly 68x48cm sized posters; posters show a person talking about something that concerns them, like social and political issues.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1 roughly 35x50cm, 5 roughly 48x68cm sized posters; posters are for André Lajoinie's campaign for president in the 1988 elections.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e4 48x63cm sized posters; each poster has the phrase \"Une ideée qui monte\" and addresses socio-political issues.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1 35x50cm and 4 48x68cm sized posters; each poster is about money, specifically salaries, minimum wage or social welfare aid.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e2 33x70cm, 11 roughly 35x50cm, and 8 roughly 48x68cm sized posters; topics include housing, health care, electoral districts, employment, social aid, agricultural issues, and the June 18, 1989 election.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e6 33x46cm, 5 48x60cm, 7 48x68cm, 3 38x60cm, and 1 38x52cm sized posters; topics include supporting the PCF, minimum wage, social security, education, drugs, uniting the party, anti-Balladur, women in politics, and the May 25, 1997 election.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e6 roughly 47x67cm sized posters; topics include voting, supporting the party, minimum wage, youth jobs, and a poster supporting Marie-George Buffet.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e2 45x60cm, 1 15x68cm, 1 50x58cm, and 11 34x47cm sized posters for Robert Hue's many campaigns.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1 10x40cm, 3 40x60cm, 2 70x100cm, 4 60x80cm, 1 35x100cm, 7 50x70cm, 6 30x40cm, and 4 40x40cm sized posters; topics include candidates, positions, women, USSR, unemployment, immigration, voting rights, and buying power.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e26 roughly 60x80cm and 5 60x100cm sized posters; topics include agriculture, workers, scandals, German soldiers in France, general party positions, how to vote, anti-de Gaulle, union and action, miners, women, personal power, halting fascism, and Duclos.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e36 roughly 60x80cm, 2 40x60cm, and 2 30x100cm sized posters; topics include uniting, anti-UDR, financial scandals, the Soviet Union, Pompidou, cantonal elections, racism, personal power, raising fuel prices, petroleum scandal, d'Estaing, women, the Concord, farmers, saving hospitals, European election, and the election of 1978.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e19 roughly 70x100cm, 8 40x60cm, 1 30x40cm sized posters; topics include anti-Giscard, the Corsican election, women, elections of 1983, June  1984 elections, March 1985 elections, schools, human rights, hospital care, electoral districts, party positions, banks, and schools.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e18 roughly 70x100cm, 2 60x80cm, and 9 40x60cm sized posters; topics include free information, retirement, schools, party positions, and unemployment.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1 60x80cm, 13 70x100cm, and 1 50x70cm sized posters; topics include Balladur, Chirac, Euro vote, growth, party positions, and Marie-George Buffet.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e8 70x100cm sized posters in the series entitled Place aux idées nouvelles (place of new ideas).  2 70x100cm sized posters from the series entitled une idée qui monte.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e4 roughly 60x80cm, 10 70x100cm, and 1 50x70cm sized posters for Robert Hue's campaign.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e3 roughly 60x80cm, 8 roughly 70x100cm, and 2 50x70cm sized posters about social security issues, including retirement, social security, and more.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e7 roughly 60x80cm sized posters for Mitterand's campaigns.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e11 roughly 70x90cm sized posters for Lajoinie's campaigns.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e8 roughly 50x70cm, 14 roughly 60x80cm, 2 61x95cm, 1 60x70cm, 14 70x100cm, 1 35x50cm, 2 roughly 40x100cm sized posters that deal with finances, salaries, taxes, and unemployment.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e2 roughly 40x60cm, 1 50x70cm, 8 60x80cm, 2 40x100cm and 1 70x100cm sized posters against Giscard's campaign.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1 50x70cm, 11 roughly 60x80cm, and 1 30x40cm sized posters that address rising prices.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1 13x60cm, 1 25x60cm, 2 50x70cm, 6 roughly 60x80cm, and 5 70x100cm sized posters about referendum positions in France.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1 33x100cm, 1 30x40cm, 3 roughly 50x70cm, and 7 roughly 60x80cm sized posters for Marchais's campaign.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e4 30x40cm, 19 50x70cm, 1 50x100cm, 26 60x80cm, 9 70x100cm, and 1 100x120cm sized posters calling for support or adherence to the Communist party; also includes phrases like I vote communist and with the communists.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1 30x40cm, 1 50x70cm, 3 60x80cm, and 3 70x100cm sized posters about rent and lodging options.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e4 roughly 140x50cm, 8 roughly 160x50cm, 2 185x65cm sized posters of various topics, including who to vote for, protests, publications, and party positions.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e3 40x120cm, 2 30x120cm, and 30 80x120cm sized posters; posters tell supporters how to vote, call for support, and address party issues.  Specific topics include Marchais, Mitterand, the Olympic games, birth control, union of workers, religion in school, Truman doctrine, Duclos, leaders, and taxes. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 1.2 contains posters leading up to and calling for support of the union of the left, i.e., the programme commun. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e7 roughly 41x59cm, 1 29x42cm, 3 29x53cm, 1 38x48cm, and 1 60x70cm sized posters; these posters call for a union of the left or a programme commun.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e21 roughly 60x80cm, 1 95x63cm, 3 48x68cm, 2 58x52cm, and 1 38x58cm sized posters; poster topics support the union of the left, cantonal elections, Mitterand and include phrases like end personal power, union and action, it's possible, and adhere.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1 80x120cm sized poster about the programme commun.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 1.3 contains posters about \"production français,\" or the Party's campaign to purchase goods made in France. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e10 48x68cm and 1 48x64cm sized posters each calling for the support of French production and limiting imports and outsourcing.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e2 roughly 60x80cm, 2 48x67cm, and 5 68x97cm sized posters; topics include creating jobs, keeping money in France, fewer imports, fighting unemployment, and Lajoinie campaign issues.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 1.4 contains posters that are anti-war or anti-bomb, also posters calling for support of certain countries in conflict or the freedom of certain prisoners. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e3 roughly 48x68cm, 4 roughly 30x40cm, and 7 roughly 37x49cm sized posters; general posters for peace and various specific topics, like Hungary, Indochina, Turkey, Cuba, and freeing people from prison.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e12 roughly 30x40cm, 12 40x60cm, 2 20x60cm, and 1 29x60cm sized posters; these posters follow the Algerian fight for independence, calling for a cease-fire and independence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1 30x43cm, 10 roughly 38x58cm, and 1 38x51cm sized posters that deal with ending the Vietnam War.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e3 30x40cm and 2 38x60cm sized posters that promote nuclear disarmament.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e13 roughly 60x80cm sized posters about the Algerian War.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1 30x80cm, 14 60x80cm, and 1 22x60cm sized posters that deal with the war in Vietnam.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1 22x60cm, 6 roughly 30x75cm, 3 roughly 30x100cm, 25 roughly 60x80cm, and 15 roughly 65x100cm sized posters; topics include helping the poor in Indochina, the Hungarian Revolution, no American bases in France, liberation, peace, Nixon and US aggression, concentration camps in Chili, AIDS, the Kyoto Accords, and disarming.  Some posters call for freeing Jacques Duclos, Angela Davis, Mandela, and Vietnamese.  Many posters are about conflicts in different areas of the globe, including Cuba, Germany, Indochina, Palestine, Nicaragua, Turkey, the Gulf War, and Rwanda.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e3 40x120cm and 10 80x120cm sized posters that call for disarmament and peace in war-torn areas like Indochina, Vietnam, Algeria, and Tunisia.  There are also posters against American military forces in France.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 1.5 contains posters by the Jeune Communists (Young Communists). \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e3 40x60cm, 1 50x80cm, 1 20x80cm, 4 60x80cm, and 8 65x90cm sized posters; poster topics include schools, voting, anti-globalization, employment, the death penalty, Europe, Palestine, stopping discrimination, and anti-Front National.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis second series consists of six subseries and contains social posters all arranged chronologically.  The first subseries contains commemorative and anniversary posters.  The second subseries contains posters for the celebration of women, like the Fête des Mères, Journée des Femmes, and May 1st for example.  The third subseries contains posters for meetings, programs, television appearances. The fourth subseries contains posters about protests.  The fifth subseries contains posters to advertise and celebrate for Congresses, Vente-exposition, and the Fête de l'Humanité.  The sixth subseries contains posters to advertise for Communist publications.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 2.1 is for commemorative and anniversary posters that celebrate the anniversary of important communist events like October 1917, famous communists' birthdays or deaths, and the party's anniversary.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1 30x40cm, 5 roughly 39x59cm, 1 61x24cm, 2 50x67cm, and 1 45x65cm sized posters to celebrate Thorez's birthday, the revolution of October 1917, the passage of social laws, the anniversary of the party, and the anniversary of the liberation of Paris.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e4 roughly 60x100cm, 4 roughly 70x100cm, 15 roughly 60x80cm, 1 40x100cm, 2 50x70cm, and 1 40x56cm sized posters that commemorate social laws, the revolution of October 1917, the French Revolution, the founding of the party, several important Communist figures' birthdays, and the anniversary of World War II events.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e21 80x120cm and 4 40x120cm sized posters that commemorate the October Revolution of 1917, the commune of Paris, the births and deaths of famous communists, the anniversary of the party, and other small events.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 2.2 contains posters celebrating women, like the Fête des Mères, Journée des Femmes, and May 1st for example. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1 20x70cm, 1 40x60cm, 5 roughly 50x70cm, 12 roughly 60x80cm, and 7 65x100cm sized posters that celebrate women, particularly the Fête des Mères, the Journée des Femmes, and May 1st celebrations of the French Communist Party.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1 80x120cm sized poster announcing a meeting for women.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 2.3 contains posters to advertise for party meetings, programs, television appearances. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e2 roughly 39x59cm, 1 48x48cm, 3 34x48cm, and 4 48x67cm sized posters; topics include a meeting with Marchais, a city meeting, invites for a meeting, meeting of Fontenay, meeting with Buffet, and a Grand Bal.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e2 40x60cm, 2 roughly 28x40cm, 2 roughly 35x50cm, 1 46x46cm, and 1 35x25cm sized posters; specific television appearances include Marchais, Lajoinie, Marchais's new book promotion, Robert Hue, and a radio show.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e5 roughly 35x45cm, 18 roughly 60x80cm, 4 roughly 40x100cm, 15 70x100cm, 1 100x140cm, 2 30x80cm, 1 120x160cm, 3 50x70cm, and 1 17x50cm sized posters; poster topics include large public meetings, large parties, regional debates, television appearances, and student and young worker meetings, as well as meetings with top party leaders to discuss various party issues.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e5 40x120cm, 1 76x102cm, and 16 80x120cm sized posters; meetings include those with top leaders of the party, with Marchais, and with women, topics include petrol, the Front Populare, Christmas programs, and referendums.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 2.4 contains posters that advertise for protest marches. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e8 roughly 60x80cm, 4 roughly 30x100cm, 2 roughly 45x60cm, 1 35x48cm, and 2 70x100cm sized posters; poster topics include secular schools, the youth against apartheid  and Giscard, protests against nuclear weapons and the Front National, and protests for jobs and salaries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1 40x120cm and 1 80x120cm sized posters; one poster is for a protest in honor of the founder of l'Humanité and the other for the commune of Paris.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 2.5 contains posters to advertise and celebrate for Congresses, Vente-exposition, and the Fête de l'Humanité. Congresses and Fetes are annual gatherings of party members, similar to a convention or festival.  Vente-Expositions are book festivals.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e5 40x60cm posters; one poster advertises the 15th Congress and the other four show facsimiles of old posters for the 1985 fête de l'humanité.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e6 roughly 39x59cm, 1 32x50cm, 3 28x39cm, 1 35x44cm, 1 64x50cm, 1 68x47cm, and 1 46x61cm sized posters; posters advertise Vente-Expositions for Marxist books, the history of the PCF, art and books, the anniversary of the Paris commune, a Grand Gala du lien, a technology expo, and a night of cinema.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e13 roughly 60x80cm, 7 roughly 60x100cm, 1 35x70cm, and 2 roughly 40x80cm sized posters; topics include expositions for Soviet or Marxist books, music celebrations, and Congresses.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e9 70x100cm, 1 55x75cm, 1 33x48cm, 1 49x65cm, 1 40x60cm, 1 47x58cm, 2 60x80cm, and 1 34x100cm sized posters advertising for the Fête de l'humanité.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1 40x120cm and 7 80x120cm sized posters; topics include Congresses and Marxist book celebrations.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 2.6 contains posters to advertise for Communist publications, including book releases by party members and newspapers or journals published by the French Communist Party. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e2 30x40cm, 3 roughly 59x39cm, 1 52x38cm, 2 69x48cm, and 1 35x5cm sized posters; the publication advertised include L'Humanité, France Nouvelle, Marchais's L'Espoir au Present, Economie et Politique, Avancées, and Communistes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e6 40x60cm, 12 60x80cm, and 1 70x100cm sized posters; topics include the newspapers L'Humanité, Economie et Politique, and Les Espaces Citoyens; Marchais's books Le Defi Democratique and Espoir au Present; Robert Hue's Communisme: La Mutation; and nights of cinema.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e3 40x120cm and 3 80x120cm sized posters; publications include the book for the Fête de l'Humanité, Le Patriote newspaper, and Marchais's L'Espoir au Present and Le Defi Democratique.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Substantial selection of posters from PCF archive in Paris. Some of the earliest posters are from 1949 billboard campaign, which includes Pablo Picasso's peace dove poster, which he created for the PCF's World Committee of Peace Partisans' conference held in Paris in the spring of 1949.  The posters follow party propaganda through their many electoral campaigns and changing platforms into the 21st century; topics include candidates, social welfare programs, financial issues, lodging, a union of the left, peace, human rights, civil rights, environment, anti-nuclear, pro-Cuba, pro-Soviet Union, and anti-America movements.  Posters also celebrate important dates, promote the party's publications and advertise party events.  Specific topics include women, fête de l'humanité, communists' births and deaths, protests, book releases, and the newspaper l'Humanité.","Series 1: Political Posters contains posters that describe the party's position, call for peace, promote the Union of the Left, support French production and are by Young Communist groups.\n","Series 2: Social Posters contains posters that celebrate important anniversaries, advertise for meetings, promote publications, celebrate women, call for protest demonstrations, and convey important party events.\n","This first series consists of five subseries and contains political posters all arranged by size and chronologically.  The first subseries contains general position and party information posters.  The second subseries contains posters about the programme commun.  The third subseries contains posters for the production français campaign. The fourth subseries contains posters about peace and disarmament.  The fifth subseries contains posters for the Jeune Communistes party.\n","Subseries 1.1 is for general position and party information posters.  Many posters that are just \"vote communist\" or describe the party platform. There are also many posters for each election that tell party members how to vote.\n","5 42x59cm sized posters; targeted toward workers and farmers asking for their support.","11 30x40cm, 7 roughly 60x20cm, 2 roughly 40x50cm, 7 40x60cm sized posters; assortment of posters for the many processes surrounding the formation of the Fifth Republic, including anti-de Gaulle, No to constitutional monarchy, Gaulle is a fascist, attacks on de Gaulle's ministers, no to a military dictator, no to civil war.","11 40x60cm, 2 30x40cm, and 2 roughly 24x59cm sized posters; topics include secularism in schools and government, party positions on current issues, anti-fascism, promoting Maurice Thorez.","4 30x40cm sized posters; posters call for voters to vote against the referendum.","10 30x40cm sized posters; posters are anti-Gaulle and against the referendum.","6 roughly 38x58cm posters, 4 30x50cm sized posters, and 4 42x59cm posters; school, jobs, lodging, and military topics included.","5 30x40cm and 3 40x60cm sized posters; the posters support Mitterand for president during the 1965 election in France.","7 40x60cm sized posters; posters are asking voters to vote communist.","4 40x60cm and 2 roughly 30x25cm sized posters; supports Duclos in the first tour and asks voters to abstain in the second tour.","6 40x60cm sized posters; posters all have the slogan \"Pour vivre mieux\" and deal with taxes, proportional representation, nationalization, tariffs, rent levels, and giving the young a job.","7 40x60cm sized posters; the posters call for voters to support the communists and vote communist in the municipal election of 1971. The posters attack the UDR and address taxes, lodging, salaries, and scandals. Most posters say \"avec les communistes.\"","16 40x60cm sized posters; the posters follow two color schemes, yellow with blue font and variations of blue, red and purple boxes with red, white, and blue font. Topics include minimum wage, government-assisted housing, old age aid, creating jobs, taxes, hours in a work week and paid vacation, equalize salaries, and changing the retirement age.","1 30x40cm and 10 40x60cm sized posters; workers against capitalism, vote no to the referendum of 1972, welcome Brejnev to France, cooperation and friendship with the USSR, election poster for M. Gros (1974), stop inflation, lower prices, and HLM/government housing are the various topics of these posters.","1 40x60cm, 1 about 20x30cm, 8 about 50x68cm, 3 on average 35x50cm, 1 50x50cm, 3 triangle sized posters; topics include Marchais during the 1981 election, European parliamentary elections 1984, who to vote for in the March 6, 1983 election, 1982 cantonal elections, and Citroën and the elections.","7 roughly 35x50cm sized posters; posters to support the Communists during the 1986 election, four posters say \"je vote communiste.\"","2 50x36cm and 5 40x60cm sized posters; each poster says \"ne pas subir, agir\" (do not suffer, act) and topics include unemployment, workers, and the future.","6 roughly 68x48cm sized posters; posters show a person talking about something that concerns them, like social and political issues.","1 roughly 35x50cm, 5 roughly 48x68cm sized posters; posters are for André Lajoinie's campaign for president in the 1988 elections.","4 48x63cm sized posters; each poster has the phrase \"Une ideée qui monte\" and addresses socio-political issues.","1 35x50cm and 4 48x68cm sized posters; each poster is about money, specifically salaries, minimum wage or social welfare aid.","2 33x70cm, 11 roughly 35x50cm, and 8 roughly 48x68cm sized posters; topics include housing, health care, electoral districts, employment, social aid, agricultural issues, and the June 18, 1989 election.","6 33x46cm, 5 48x60cm, 7 48x68cm, 3 38x60cm, and 1 38x52cm sized posters; topics include supporting the PCF, minimum wage, social security, education, drugs, uniting the party, anti-Balladur, women in politics, and the May 25, 1997 election.","6 roughly 47x67cm sized posters; topics include voting, supporting the party, minimum wage, youth jobs, and a poster supporting Marie-George Buffet.","2 45x60cm, 1 15x68cm, 1 50x58cm, and 11 34x47cm sized posters for Robert Hue's many campaigns.","1 10x40cm, 3 40x60cm, 2 70x100cm, 4 60x80cm, 1 35x100cm, 7 50x70cm, 6 30x40cm, and 4 40x40cm sized posters; topics include candidates, positions, women, USSR, unemployment, immigration, voting rights, and buying power.","26 roughly 60x80cm and 5 60x100cm sized posters; topics include agriculture, workers, scandals, German soldiers in France, general party positions, how to vote, anti-de Gaulle, union and action, miners, women, personal power, halting fascism, and Duclos.","36 roughly 60x80cm, 2 40x60cm, and 2 30x100cm sized posters; topics include uniting, anti-UDR, financial scandals, the Soviet Union, Pompidou, cantonal elections, racism, personal power, raising fuel prices, petroleum scandal, d'Estaing, women, the Concord, farmers, saving hospitals, European election, and the election of 1978.","19 roughly 70x100cm, 8 40x60cm, 1 30x40cm sized posters; topics include anti-Giscard, the Corsican election, women, elections of 1983, June  1984 elections, March 1985 elections, schools, human rights, hospital care, electoral districts, party positions, banks, and schools.","18 roughly 70x100cm, 2 60x80cm, and 9 40x60cm sized posters; topics include free information, retirement, schools, party positions, and unemployment.","1 60x80cm, 13 70x100cm, and 1 50x70cm sized posters; topics include Balladur, Chirac, Euro vote, growth, party positions, and Marie-George Buffet.","8 70x100cm sized posters in the series entitled Place aux idées nouvelles (place of new ideas).  2 70x100cm sized posters from the series entitled une idée qui monte.","4 roughly 60x80cm, 10 70x100cm, and 1 50x70cm sized posters for Robert Hue's campaign.","3 roughly 60x80cm, 8 roughly 70x100cm, and 2 50x70cm sized posters about social security issues, including retirement, social security, and more.","7 roughly 60x80cm sized posters for Mitterand's campaigns.","11 roughly 70x90cm sized posters for Lajoinie's campaigns.","8 roughly 50x70cm, 14 roughly 60x80cm, 2 61x95cm, 1 60x70cm, 14 70x100cm, 1 35x50cm, 2 roughly 40x100cm sized posters that deal with finances, salaries, taxes, and unemployment.","2 roughly 40x60cm, 1 50x70cm, 8 60x80cm, 2 40x100cm and 1 70x100cm sized posters against Giscard's campaign.","1 50x70cm, 11 roughly 60x80cm, and 1 30x40cm sized posters that address rising prices.","1 13x60cm, 1 25x60cm, 2 50x70cm, 6 roughly 60x80cm, and 5 70x100cm sized posters about referendum positions in France.","1 33x100cm, 1 30x40cm, 3 roughly 50x70cm, and 7 roughly 60x80cm sized posters for Marchais's campaign.","4 30x40cm, 19 50x70cm, 1 50x100cm, 26 60x80cm, 9 70x100cm, and 1 100x120cm sized posters calling for support or adherence to the Communist party; also includes phrases like I vote communist and with the communists.","1 30x40cm, 1 50x70cm, 3 60x80cm, and 3 70x100cm sized posters about rent and lodging options.","4 roughly 140x50cm, 8 roughly 160x50cm, 2 185x65cm sized posters of various topics, including who to vote for, protests, publications, and party positions.","3 40x120cm, 2 30x120cm, and 30 80x120cm sized posters; posters tell supporters how to vote, call for support, and address party issues.  Specific topics include Marchais, Mitterand, the Olympic games, birth control, union of workers, religion in school, Truman doctrine, Duclos, leaders, and taxes. ","Subseries 1.2 contains posters leading up to and calling for support of the union of the left, i.e., the programme commun. \n","7 roughly 41x59cm, 1 29x42cm, 3 29x53cm, 1 38x48cm, and 1 60x70cm sized posters; these posters call for a union of the left or a programme commun.","21 roughly 60x80cm, 1 95x63cm, 3 48x68cm, 2 58x52cm, and 1 38x58cm sized posters; poster topics support the union of the left, cantonal elections, Mitterand and include phrases like end personal power, union and action, it's possible, and adhere.","1 80x120cm sized poster about the programme commun.","Subseries 1.3 contains posters about \"production français,\" or the Party's campaign to purchase goods made in France. \n","10 48x68cm and 1 48x64cm sized posters each calling for the support of French production and limiting imports and outsourcing.","2 roughly 60x80cm, 2 48x67cm, and 5 68x97cm sized posters; topics include creating jobs, keeping money in France, fewer imports, fighting unemployment, and Lajoinie campaign issues.","Subseries 1.4 contains posters that are anti-war or anti-bomb, also posters calling for support of certain countries in conflict or the freedom of certain prisoners. \n","3 roughly 48x68cm, 4 roughly 30x40cm, and 7 roughly 37x49cm sized posters; general posters for peace and various specific topics, like Hungary, Indochina, Turkey, Cuba, and freeing people from prison.","12 roughly 30x40cm, 12 40x60cm, 2 20x60cm, and 1 29x60cm sized posters; these posters follow the Algerian fight for independence, calling for a cease-fire and independence.","1 30x43cm, 10 roughly 38x58cm, and 1 38x51cm sized posters that deal with ending the Vietnam War.","3 30x40cm and 2 38x60cm sized posters that promote nuclear disarmament.","13 roughly 60x80cm sized posters about the Algerian War.","1 30x80cm, 14 60x80cm, and 1 22x60cm sized posters that deal with the war in Vietnam.","1 22x60cm, 6 roughly 30x75cm, 3 roughly 30x100cm, 25 roughly 60x80cm, and 15 roughly 65x100cm sized posters; topics include helping the poor in Indochina, the Hungarian Revolution, no American bases in France, liberation, peace, Nixon and US aggression, concentration camps in Chili, AIDS, the Kyoto Accords, and disarming.  Some posters call for freeing Jacques Duclos, Angela Davis, Mandela, and Vietnamese.  Many posters are about conflicts in different areas of the globe, including Cuba, Germany, Indochina, Palestine, Nicaragua, Turkey, the Gulf War, and Rwanda.","3 40x120cm and 10 80x120cm sized posters that call for disarmament and peace in war-torn areas like Indochina, Vietnam, Algeria, and Tunisia.  There are also posters against American military forces in France.","Subseries 1.5 contains posters by the Jeune Communists (Young Communists). \n","3 40x60cm, 1 50x80cm, 1 20x80cm, 4 60x80cm, and 8 65x90cm sized posters; poster topics include schools, voting, anti-globalization, employment, the death penalty, Europe, Palestine, stopping discrimination, and anti-Front National.","This second series consists of six subseries and contains social posters all arranged chronologically.  The first subseries contains commemorative and anniversary posters.  The second subseries contains posters for the celebration of women, like the Fête des Mères, Journée des Femmes, and May 1st for example.  The third subseries contains posters for meetings, programs, television appearances. The fourth subseries contains posters about protests.  The fifth subseries contains posters to advertise and celebrate for Congresses, Vente-exposition, and the Fête de l'Humanité.  The sixth subseries contains posters to advertise for Communist publications.\n","Subseries 2.1 is for commemorative and anniversary posters that celebrate the anniversary of important communist events like October 1917, famous communists' birthdays or deaths, and the party's anniversary.\n","1 30x40cm, 5 roughly 39x59cm, 1 61x24cm, 2 50x67cm, and 1 45x65cm sized posters to celebrate Thorez's birthday, the revolution of October 1917, the passage of social laws, the anniversary of the party, and the anniversary of the liberation of Paris.","4 roughly 60x100cm, 4 roughly 70x100cm, 15 roughly 60x80cm, 1 40x100cm, 2 50x70cm, and 1 40x56cm sized posters that commemorate social laws, the revolution of October 1917, the French Revolution, the founding of the party, several important Communist figures' birthdays, and the anniversary of World War II events.","21 80x120cm and 4 40x120cm sized posters that commemorate the October Revolution of 1917, the commune of Paris, the births and deaths of famous communists, the anniversary of the party, and other small events.","Subseries 2.2 contains posters celebrating women, like the Fête des Mères, Journée des Femmes, and May 1st for example. \n","1 20x70cm, 1 40x60cm, 5 roughly 50x70cm, 12 roughly 60x80cm, and 7 65x100cm sized posters that celebrate women, particularly the Fête des Mères, the Journée des Femmes, and May 1st celebrations of the French Communist Party.","1 80x120cm sized poster announcing a meeting for women.","Subseries 2.3 contains posters to advertise for party meetings, programs, television appearances. \n","2 roughly 39x59cm, 1 48x48cm, 3 34x48cm, and 4 48x67cm sized posters; topics include a meeting with Marchais, a city meeting, invites for a meeting, meeting of Fontenay, meeting with Buffet, and a Grand Bal.","2 40x60cm, 2 roughly 28x40cm, 2 roughly 35x50cm, 1 46x46cm, and 1 35x25cm sized posters; specific television appearances include Marchais, Lajoinie, Marchais's new book promotion, Robert Hue, and a radio show.","5 roughly 35x45cm, 18 roughly 60x80cm, 4 roughly 40x100cm, 15 70x100cm, 1 100x140cm, 2 30x80cm, 1 120x160cm, 3 50x70cm, and 1 17x50cm sized posters; poster topics include large public meetings, large parties, regional debates, television appearances, and student and young worker meetings, as well as meetings with top party leaders to discuss various party issues.","5 40x120cm, 1 76x102cm, and 16 80x120cm sized posters; meetings include those with top leaders of the party, with Marchais, and with women, topics include petrol, the Front Populare, Christmas programs, and referendums.","Subseries 2.4 contains posters that advertise for protest marches. \n","8 roughly 60x80cm, 4 roughly 30x100cm, 2 roughly 45x60cm, 1 35x48cm, and 2 70x100cm sized posters; poster topics include secular schools, the youth against apartheid  and Giscard, protests against nuclear weapons and the Front National, and protests for jobs and salaries.","1 40x120cm and 1 80x120cm sized posters; one poster is for a protest in honor of the founder of l'Humanité and the other for the commune of Paris.","Subseries 2.5 contains posters to advertise and celebrate for Congresses, Vente-exposition, and the Fête de l'Humanité. Congresses and Fetes are annual gatherings of party members, similar to a convention or festival.  Vente-Expositions are book festivals.\n","5 40x60cm posters; one poster advertises the 15th Congress and the other four show facsimiles of old posters for the 1985 fête de l'humanité.","6 roughly 39x59cm, 1 32x50cm, 3 28x39cm, 1 35x44cm, 1 64x50cm, 1 68x47cm, and 1 46x61cm sized posters; posters advertise Vente-Expositions for Marxist books, the history of the PCF, art and books, the anniversary of the Paris commune, a Grand Gala du lien, a technology expo, and a night of cinema.","13 roughly 60x80cm, 7 roughly 60x100cm, 1 35x70cm, and 2 roughly 40x80cm sized posters; topics include expositions for Soviet or Marxist books, music celebrations, and Congresses.","9 70x100cm, 1 55x75cm, 1 33x48cm, 1 49x65cm, 1 40x60cm, 1 47x58cm, 2 60x80cm, and 1 34x100cm sized posters advertising for the Fête de l'humanité.","1 40x120cm and 7 80x120cm sized posters; topics include Congresses and Marxist book celebrations.","Subseries 2.6 contains posters to advertise for Communist publications, including book releases by party members and newspapers or journals published by the French Communist Party. \n","2 30x40cm, 3 roughly 59x39cm, 1 52x38cm, 2 69x48cm, and 1 35x5cm sized posters; the publication advertised include L'Humanité, France Nouvelle, Marchais's L'Espoir au Present, Economie et Politique, Avancées, and Communistes.","6 40x60cm, 12 60x80cm, and 1 70x100cm sized posters; topics include the newspapers L'Humanité, Economie et Politique, and Les Espaces Citoyens; Marchais's books Le Defi Democratique and Espoir au Present; Robert Hue's Communisme: La Mutation; and nights of cinema.","3 40x120cm and 3 80x120cm sized posters; publications include the book for the Fête de l'Humanité, Le Patriote newspaper, and Marchais's L'Espoir au Present and Le Defi Democratique."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract label=\"Abstract\"\u003eSubstantial selection of posters from PCF archive in Paris. Topics include French elections, union of the left, anti-outsourcing, peace, human rights, civil rights, social aid, environment, women, publications, congresses, anti-nuclear, pro-Cuba, pro-Soviet Union, and anti-America movements.\n\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Substantial selection of posters from PCF archive in Paris. Topics include French elections, union of the left, anti-outsourcing, peace, human rights, civil rights, social aid, environment, women, publications, congresses, anti-nuclear, pro-Cuba, pro-Soviet Union, and anti-America movements.\n"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University.  Special Collections and Archives.\n","Parti Communiste Français\n","Parti communiste français.","dabermill à AULNAY SOUS BOIS.","Paris Province Impression (PPI) à BAGNOLET.","ICC J. London à Paris."],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University.  Special Collections and Archives.\n","Parti Communiste Français\n","Parti communiste français.","dabermill à AULNAY SOUS BOIS.","Paris Province Impression (PPI) à BAGNOLET.","ICC J. London à Paris."],"language_ssim":["French\n"],"total_component_count_is":90,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T06:33:36.071Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_vifgm00045_c01_c01_c26"}},{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9853_c01_c01_c13_c05","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"\"1955-1974: A Modern War vs. the Civil Rights Struggle\"","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_9853_c01_c01_c13_c05#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9853_c01_c01_c13_c05","ref_ssm":["viw_repositories_2_resources_9853_c01_c01_c13_c05"],"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9853_c01_c01_c13_c05","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9853","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9853","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9853_c01_c01_c13","parent_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9853_c01_c01_c13","parent_ssim":["viw_repositories_2_resources_9853","viw_repositories_2_resources_9853_c01","viw_repositories_2_resources_9853_c01_c01","viw_repositories_2_resources_9853_c01_c01_c13"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viw_repositories_2_resources_9853","viw_repositories_2_resources_9853_c01","viw_repositories_2_resources_9853_c01_c01","viw_repositories_2_resources_9853_c01_c01_c13"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Richard Wright Collection of Graphic Images of African Americans","Series 1: Research files","\"Clean Fun: Blacks in Comics\"","\"Clean Fun: Blacks in Comics, 1946-1954: Realistic Comics; EC; Pal, Lantz, Kelley; 1955-1974, Integration; Modern; Fritz \u0026 Friends"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Richard Wright Collection of Graphic Images of African Americans","Series 1: Research files","\"Clean Fun: Blacks in Comics\"","\"Clean Fun: Blacks in Comics, 1946-1954: Realistic Comics; EC; Pal, Lantz, Kelley; 1955-1974, Integration; Modern; Fritz \u0026 Friends"],"text":["Richard Wright Collection of Graphic Images of African Americans","Series 1: Research files","\"Clean Fun: Blacks in Comics\"","\"Clean Fun: Blacks in Comics, 1946-1954: Realistic Comics; EC; Pal, Lantz, Kelley; 1955-1974, Integration; Modern; Fritz \u0026 Friends","\"1955-1974: A Modern War vs. the Civil Rights Struggle\"","Box 13","folder 49"],"title_filing_ssi":"\"1955-1974: A Modern War vs. the Civil Rights Struggle\"","title_ssm":["\"1955-1974: A Modern War vs. the Civil Rights Struggle\""],"title_tesim":["\"1955-1974: A Modern War vs. the Civil Rights Struggle\""],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1966-1977"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1966/1977"],"normalized_title_ssm":["\"1955-1974: A Modern War vs. the Civil Rights Struggle\""],"component_level_isim":[4],"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"collection_ssim":["Richard Wright Collection of Graphic Images of African Americans"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":64,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Curator of Manuscripts and Rare Books, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"date_range_isim":[1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977],"containers_ssim":["Box 13","folder 49"],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#0/components#12/components#4","timestamp":"2026-05-21T07:21:03Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9853","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9853","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9853","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9853","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_9853.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Richard Wright Collection of Graphic Images of African Americans","title_ssm":["Richard Wright Collection of Graphic Images of African Americans"],"title_tesim":["Richard Wright Collection of Graphic Images of African Americans"],"unitdate_ssm":["1806-2017"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1806-2017"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS 00317","/repositories/2/resources/9853"],"text":["MS 00317","/repositories/2/resources/9853","Richard Wright Collection of Graphic Images of African Americans","Comic books, strips, etc","African Americans--Caricatures and cartoons","Racism in popular culture","Drawings (visual works)","Motion pictures (visual work)","Sheet music","Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","This collection is arranged into nine series: Research files, Collecting records, Minstrel shows, Scrapbooks and portfolios, Original artwork, Print and poster reproductions, Newspapers, Printed materials, and Audiovisual materials. ","Published books and comics can be found in our Rare Books collection.","Richard Wright (1946-2019) grew up in New York and attended college at Bradley University in Peoria, IL on an academic scholarship. He originally planned to study chemistry but graduated with a Bachelor of Political Science instead. ","\nWright moved to Stamford, Connecticut, where he met and married Minister Deborah V. P. Wright (1953-2012). They had three children together: Aaron Person, Joslynn S. Hamlet, and Porchia M. W. Smith.","\nWright spent the bulk of his career working as a court officer in the social services Department of Child Support in Connecticut until his retirement in 2013. He then moved to Williamsburg, Virgina, where he lived until his passing in 2019.","\nHe was an active member of Faith Tabernacle Missionary Baptist Church in Stamford, Connecticut. He served as a member of the trustee board, and sang in the Male Chorus and Inspirational Choir. Upon relocating to Williamsburg, VA, he joined Colossian Baptist Church in Newport News, and once again served as a choir member. ","\nOutside of the church, Wright also served as the president of the Stamford Chapter of the NAACP, was a member of Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity Inc., and worked as a volunteer and mentor for a substance abuse rehabilitation program called Liberation House.","\nWhile living in Stamford, Wright began collecting Black comic books in 1986 because \"he wanted to have a hobby.\" His collection eventually grew beyond comics to include books, art works, photographs, and audio visual materials on the same topic. He saw the images that he collected over the years as a way to better tell the story of the depiction of Black Americans in visual media. In 2019, Wright donated his collection to William \u0026 Mary so that it might be \"a helpful resource to students\" in the future.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.","Comic book volumes and other published materials included with this collection have been transfered to Rare Books and cataloged individually.","This collection, compiled by Richard Wright, focuses on the evolution of the Black American image in print media, cartoons and comics. Wright organized his own historical timeline titled \"Good Clean Fun: Blacks in Comics,\" also referred to as \"Clean Fun: Blacks in Comics,\" in a series of binders with artist biographies and time period summaries. Item titles have been retained from the original labels.","Materials in this collection include: books, comic books, magazines, prints, reference books, slides, photographs, CDs, DVDs, sheet music, newspaper strips, lithographs, and artwork. ","Research notes, biographies and timelines compiled or authored by Richard Wright. The original binder names have been retained.","A series of binders compiled by Richard Wright on the history of Black American depictions in comic art.","Part one of four. The full orginial title for the binder that housed these materials was \"Clean Fun: Blacks in Comics, African American Artists in the Mainstream: Jules Lion; Geo Herriman; E. Simms Campbell; Matt Baker; Morrie Turner; Brandon Brumsic; Ted Shearer; Black Images for Black People; Ebony; Golden Legacy; Aimed at Afro Market; Negro Romances; Negro Heroes; Hep/Sepia/Jive; In the Black Press; Ollie Harrington; Jackie Ormes; Tom Feelings; Current Artists; Denys Cowans; Ray Billingsley.\"","Part two of four. The full orginial title for the binder that housed these materials was \"Clean Fun: Blacks in Comics, African American Artists in the Mainstream: Jules Lion; Geo Herriman; E. Simms Campbell; Matt Baker; Morrie Turner; Brandon Brumsic; Ted Shearer; Black Images for Black People; Ebony; Golden Legacy; Aimed at Afro Market; Negro Romances; Negro Heroes; Hep/Sepia/Jive; In the Black Press; Ollie Harrington; Jackie Ormes; Tom Feelings; Current Artists; Denys Cowans; Ray Billingsley.\"","Part three of four. The full orginial title for the binder that housed these materials was \"Clean Fun: Blacks in Comics, African American Artists in the Mainstream: Jules Lion; Geo Herriman; E. Simms Campbell; Matt Baker; Morrie Turner; Brandon Brumsic; Ted Shearer; Black Images for Black People; Ebony; Golden Legacy; Aimed at Afro Market; Negro Romances; Negro Heroes; Hep/Sepia/Jive; In the Black Press; Ollie Harrington; Jackie Ormes; Tom Feelings; Current Artists; Denys Cowans; Ray Billingsley.\"","Part four of four. The full orginial title for the binder that housed these materials was \"Clean Fun: Blacks in Comics, African American Artists in the Mainstream: Jules Lion; Geo Herriman; E. Simms Campbell; Matt Baker; Morrie Turner; Brandon Brumsic; Ted Shearer; Black Images for Black People; Ebony; Golden Legacy; Aimed at Afro Market; Negro Romances; Negro Heroes; Hep/Sepia/Jive; In the Black Press; Ollie Harrington; Jackie Ormes; Tom Feelings; Current Artists; Denys Cowans; Ray Billingsley.\"","Arrangement and titles of folders are retained from Wright.","Arrangement and titles of folders are retained from Wright.","Arrangement and titles of folders are retained from Wright.","Records pertaining to Wright's collecting process, such as purchase documentation and comic research. Retains Wright's original titles and organization.","This series retains original titles and organization.","Scrapbooks and porfolios compiled by Richard Wright. Original order and names retained.","An album with a red cover and a title note taped to the front by Richard Wright that reads \"1890's Black Newspaper Cartoons: Howarth, Hamilton, et. al.\"","A portfolio compiled by Richard Wright of cartoons with Black protagonists from a variety of artists and publishers between the 19th and 20th century.","A spiral bound book with a green cover. The words \"Scrap Book\" are on the front in black, the \"o\"s in \"book\" form the handles of a pair of scissors in the design. The contents of the book are comic clipping of \"Henry\" and \"Lulu\" from various newspapers.","A portfolio compiled by Richard Wright of Currier \u0026 Ives caricature cartoon prints featuring Black protagonists from the late 1800s.","A portfolio compiled by Richard Wright of Currier \u0026 Ives' \"Darktown\" print series.","A scrapbook with a red cover with gold lettering. A sticker on the spine reads \"1872.\" The contents of the book are illustration clippings from issues of Harper's Weekly.","Newspaper clippings of \"The Gumps\" by Sidney Smith from The Cleveland News. Signed by the artist with handwritten note.","Newspaper clippings of \"The Gumps\" by Sidney Smith from The Cleveland News. Signed by the artist.","Newspaper clippings of \"The Gumps\" by Sidney Smith from The Cleveland News. Signed by the artist.","A grey, tan, and gold covered scrapbook. The words \"Scrap Book\" are embossed on the cover along with two peony flowers. The contents are newspaper cartoon clippings from unmarked sources.","Arranged alphabetically by title.","Orginal four panel comic layout with edits, pasted text bubbles and handdrawn images.","A two part series, there are two versions of the print titled \"A Crack Trotter - A little off\" and one print of \"A Crack Trotter - Coming Around.\"","A print on board.","This cel has five characters standing side by side in the asile of a store.","This cel has three characters on a city street corner at night.","A character bust sketch in pencil. The figure is wearing glasses and a button up shirt. There is a scale measurement in the bottom right corner, and notes along the edges.","A multilayer animation cel with three sheets of film introductory text.","Two pen and pencil sketches on paper, the second is titled \"Fast Black\" and is signed A.L.S.","Original Black Panther comic panel in pen and ink with blue sketch lines, pencil notes, and corrections visible.","Handpainted animation cel signed by the artist and producer.","Two versions of the same cartoon: showing edits in color and design between the first and second editions.","Original comic panel with edits and the artist's signature in pen and ink.","Two original comic panels in pen and ink with edits, visible blue lines, and pencil notes. Signed by the artist.","A colored pencil and graphite character sketch for the film \"Coal Black and De Sebban Dwarfs.\" Signed by the artist and accompanied by the sales paperwork from when it was acquired by Richard Wright.","A handpainted animation cel for the movie \"Coonskin.\" Features a bust of one of the characters with a few background lines, and the identifier \"1H56, 5\" in the bottom right corner.","A series of animation character sketches on translucent paper.","An original comic panel signed by E. Simms Campbell. Done in pencil and ink with visible edits and commentary.","An original comic panel signed by Chester Gould. Done in pencil and ink with visible edits.","An original comic panel signed by Paul Smith. Done in pencil and ink with visible edits and commentary.","A handpainted animation cel featuring four characters from \"Fat Albert and the Cosby Kids.\" The cel is labeled \"FA STK 2027A B-5.\"","A handpainted animation cel featuring seven characters from \"Fat Albert and the Cosby Kids.\" The cel is labeled \"copyright 1981 - William H. Cosby Jr. - Film Assoc.\"","Sketch in colored pencil and graphite with animation notes and the identifier \"Se. 142, STK BG 1909, FA-79\" in the bottom right corner.","A sketch of a man holding a basketball in blue pencil and graphite. The label \"PB4\" is featured multiple times around the image, and the bottom of the page is stamped with \"50-2, 3.\"","A multi-layer hand-painted animation cel with a background, a foreground, and a figure layer.","A multi-layer hand-painted animation cel with a background, a foreground, and a figure layer.","A multi-layer hand-painted animation cel with a background, a foreground, and a figure layer.","A numbered limited edition Heavy Traffic poster. 73/260","Handpainted animation cel of \"Carol\" from \"Heavy Traffic\" with certificate of authenticity and sales information.","A cartoon drawn in pencil and signed by Henry Jackson. In red marker along the bottom of the work, someone has written \" Examiner Art Staff 1960s - (now deceased)\"","A political poster featuring a white and a Black solider shaking hands across from Uncle Sam. Produced by M.A.Stern Chicago.","Original comic panel done in pen and graphite, signed and dated by the artist. Title and trademark information are pasted onto the work, and writing along the bottom edge reads \"to Bill Glasgow.\"","Original animation model sketch of \"Inky\" from Warner Bros Studios. Accompanied by a certificate of authenticity.","Signed by the artist. Original panel on cardboard in ink and graphite. A caption at the bottom reads \"The high cost of foods done me more good than my [acolicing?] salon.\"","An animation cel featuring all three main characters from \"Josie and the Pussy Cats\" playing instruments on a stage. Their names written underneath their images, \"Josie, Melody, and Valerie.\" Words in the top left read \"Prod # 51, (standard size). The bottom right is copyrighted by Hanna-Barbera Productions, Inc., and dated 1970.","An animation cel featuring all three main characters from \"Josie and the Pussy Cats\" with a street scene background.","Sketch in colored pencil, graphite, and watercolor of a Fish in a bowler hat smoking a cigar.","An original comic panel in ink and graphite with visible edits, signed by the artist.","Handpainted animation cel of Uhura in uniform.","Character sketch in colored pencil and graphite with notes.","Character sketch in colored pencil and graphite. Accompanied by certificate of authenticity.","Original drawing in ink, titled in the bottom left and numbered in the bottom right.","Original comic panel in ink, graphite, and gouache paint with visible edits, and notes.","Original comic panel in ink and graphite, signed by the artist. Water damage along the bottom edge.","Two different print versions of the same image, showing varied color and tint choices.","Original comic panel in ink, graphite, blue pencil, and gouache paint with visible edits, and notes. Blue pencil notes at the top left corner read \" Page #13, Annual #94, Mn 7. \u0026 7. Force.\"","Original comic panel in ink with caption edits, accompanited by a handwritten letters by the artist, and the dealer information. The letters are addressed to Rev. E.F. Strickland, dated 1883 September 12 and 1883 October 20, and regard a request for a drawing.","An original comic panel in graphite and ink that appears to have been cut off from a larger comic strip. The artist signature in the bottom left is cut in half. Dated \"Fri May 1,\" 1959. And titled \"Capt. Easy\".","An untitled drawing of a boy facing away from the viewer. He is dressed in overalls with one strap, holding a bag in his left hand, and a stick in his right. Writing beneath the image reads \"SC. 28A\".","An untitled drawing of a man holding a boomerang. The number \"146\" is in the bottom right corner.","An untitled drawing of a female torso clad in an apron and wearing slippers. Writing beneath the drawing read \" Prod89 SC54, 269.\"","An untitled drawing of a female torso wearing an apron and slippers balancing on a tipping kitchen stool. There are notes written all over the image with measurements and accompanying arrows.","An untitled female figure wearing a headscarf and dressed in an apron over a polka-dot dress. Writing along the bottom of the image read \"AJ\" and \"542.\"","A series of motion sketches of a baby accompanied by a female figure.","A sketch of the centaur \"Otika\" from Disney's Fantasia.","Bust sketches of two women discussing laundry.","A drawing of Jerry wearing a napkin around his neck as he walks away to the right with a scowl on his face. The number \"50\" is in the bottom right.","A hand painted animation cel of Tom behind a person on stilts.","A drawing of Tom pouncing around the corner of a wall with paws outstretched. Notes on the drawing read \"to reg. see #129\", and the number \"133\" is in the bottom right corner.","An original comic panel for \"Outdoor Sports\" in ink, graphite, and blue pencil. Signed and dated by the artist.","A painting on paper of a donkey and three birds in a fenced field with a farm house in the background. Signed and titled in the bottom left.","An original comic panel in ink, paint, and graphite for a political cartoon.","Original comic panel in ink, graphite, red pen, and gouache paint with visible edits, and notes. Signed by the artist.","An original comic panel in ink and graphite of a man plucking petals off a flower. The title is written in pencil along the bottom edge.","A multi-layer, hand painted, animation cel. Signed by both artists. Numbered \"59/100\" in the bottom right corner.","A still life print on board that has been painted over.","An original comic panel in ink, graphite, and white-out on board. It features a man trying to fix a soda vending machine.","An original comic panel in in and graphite titled \"Walnuts\" from \"Sunflower Street.\" Signed by the arts and dated.","Two different printings of the same cartoon with color variances.","A handpainted animation cel of two character in clown make-up and costumes. The one on the left is labeled as \"Buckwheat as a clown,\" and the one on the right is labeled \"Porky as a clown.\" The cel is titled along the top edge and numbered \"0132-8207.\" Notes cover the entire cel in pencil and pen, the majority appear to be color identifcation numbers.","A drawing in ink and graphite of three men playing cards at a table. The title of the work is in pencil along the bottom edge, along with the artist's signature.","A print of \"Little Eva,\" and \"Uncle Tom\" sitting in the shade of a tree with a shack in the background. \"Eva\" has a book on her lap and gestures off in the distance.","A sketch in graphite of a old man wearing suspenders, oversized shoes, a tiny bowler hat, and carrying a crooked cane. The number \"143\" is written in the bottom right corner, and a the words \" PROD 1 52SC 1 6\" are stamped next to it.","A painted animation cel bust drawing of a bird in a hat. The hat is a purple tricorne with an oversized safety pin stuck through the front. The bird is white with yellow eyes and an orange beak and appears to be a seagull. The cel is accompaied by an information tag and a scan of a He-Man scene.","A print of seven men dressed in red and yellow shirts and caps with blue pinstriped pants and red shoes with yellow and red stockings. The men have axes and are working with trimmed sticks which are piled up behind them. One man has cut himself in half instead of the stick he is holding.","A sketch of a man in a top hat and coattails hanging on the back of a bucking horse. Signed \"FC\" in the bottom right corner.","A print of a woman walking beside a man holding a baby. Both are dressed in formal wear, and rendered in shades of tan, brown, and pink. Signed by the artist in the bottom right corner, with the letters difficult to make out.","Two prints, each a bust of a Black child. One in a three-quarters pose, the other looking directly at the viewer.","A woodblock print of a man, woman, and child in formal wear, their features are rendered in blocky forms akin to stylized masks.","A matted painted animation cel of Valerie Brown in her Pussy Cat costume holding two tambourines.","A bust sketch of Valerie Brown in blue pencil and graphite. Notes at the bottom right corner read \"7FC SC.31 6e-2 bq.31.\"","A multi-layer painted animation cel. Features a man with his hands clasped triumphantly above his head standing against a background of a junk pile and wooden wall. Text along the top edge reads \"Fa01 BGS4\" and text along the bottom edge reads \"FA STG 2027A WH5.\"","Arranged alphabetically by title.","From the series \"Negro Drawings,\" plate 42.","From the series \"Negro Drawings,\" plate 42.","Three prints; the two by Walker are published by Currier \u0026 Ives.","Two different print versions.","Oversized poster.","Two versions of the same print.","Print on canvas.","Two rolled posters.","A printout of a man in a bowler hat carrying a cane while wearing a suit.","Pixelated photographs of a comic showing two Black children sitting beside a shotgun.","Two different scenes of a man and woman in fancy dress.","This cover shows a white man with one hand on a revolver standing over a Black man laying on the ground.","Primarily \"Mickey Finn\" and \"Don Winslow of the Navy.\"","Omaha World Herald","Reproduction.","Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Curator of Manuscripts and Rare Books, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.","Special Collections Research Center","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MS 00317","/repositories/2/resources/9853"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Richard Wright Collection of Graphic Images of African Americans"],"collection_title_tesim":["Richard Wright Collection of Graphic Images of African Americans"],"collection_ssim":["Richard Wright Collection of Graphic Images of African Americans"],"repository_ssm":["College of William and Mary"],"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Curator of Manuscripts and Rare Books, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donated by Richard Wright."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Comic books, strips, etc","African Americans--Caricatures and cartoons","Racism in popular culture","Drawings (visual works)","Motion pictures (visual work)","Sheet music"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Comic books, strips, etc","African Americans--Caricatures and cartoons","Racism in popular culture","Drawings (visual works)","Motion pictures (visual work)","Sheet music"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["21.68 Linear Feet 52 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["21.68 Linear Feet 52 boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["Drawings (visual works)","Motion pictures (visual work)","Sheet music"],"date_range_isim":[1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged into nine series: Research files, Collecting records, Minstrel shows, Scrapbooks and portfolios, Original artwork, Print and poster reproductions, Newspapers, Printed materials, and Audiovisual materials. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePublished books and comics can be found in our Rare Books collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged into nine series: Research files, Collecting records, Minstrel shows, Scrapbooks and portfolios, Original artwork, Print and poster reproductions, Newspapers, Printed materials, and Audiovisual materials. ","Published books and comics can be found in our Rare Books collection."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRichard Wright (1946-2019) grew up in New York and attended college at Bradley University in Peoria, IL on an academic scholarship. He originally planned to study chemistry but graduated with a Bachelor of Political Science instead. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nWright moved to Stamford, Connecticut, where he met and married Minister Deborah V. P. Wright (1953-2012). They had three children together: Aaron Person, Joslynn S. Hamlet, and Porchia M. W. Smith.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nWright spent the bulk of his career working as a court officer in the social services Department of Child Support in Connecticut until his retirement in 2013. He then moved to Williamsburg, Virgina, where he lived until his passing in 2019.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nHe was an active member of Faith Tabernacle Missionary Baptist Church in Stamford, Connecticut. He served as a member of the trustee board, and sang in the Male Chorus and Inspirational Choir. Upon relocating to Williamsburg, VA, he joined Colossian Baptist Church in Newport News, and once again served as a choir member. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nOutside of the church, Wright also served as the president of the Stamford Chapter of the NAACP, was a member of Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity Inc., and worked as a volunteer and mentor for a substance abuse rehabilitation program called Liberation House.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nWhile living in Stamford, Wright began collecting Black comic books in 1986 because \"he wanted to have a hobby.\" His collection eventually grew beyond comics to include books, art works, photographs, and audio visual materials on the same topic. He saw the images that he collected over the years as a way to better tell the story of the depiction of Black Americans in visual media. In 2019, Wright donated his collection to William \u0026amp; Mary so that it might be \"a helpful resource to students\" in the future.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Richard Wright (1946-2019) grew up in New York and attended college at Bradley University in Peoria, IL on an academic scholarship. He originally planned to study chemistry but graduated with a Bachelor of Political Science instead. ","\nWright moved to Stamford, Connecticut, where he met and married Minister Deborah V. P. Wright (1953-2012). They had three children together: Aaron Person, Joslynn S. Hamlet, and Porchia M. W. Smith.","\nWright spent the bulk of his career working as a court officer in the social services Department of Child Support in Connecticut until his retirement in 2013. He then moved to Williamsburg, Virgina, where he lived until his passing in 2019.","\nHe was an active member of Faith Tabernacle Missionary Baptist Church in Stamford, Connecticut. He served as a member of the trustee board, and sang in the Male Chorus and Inspirational Choir. Upon relocating to Williamsburg, VA, he joined Colossian Baptist Church in Newport News, and once again served as a choir member. ","\nOutside of the church, Wright also served as the president of the Stamford Chapter of the NAACP, was a member of Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity Inc., and worked as a volunteer and mentor for a substance abuse rehabilitation program called Liberation House.","\nWhile living in Stamford, Wright began collecting Black comic books in 1986 because \"he wanted to have a hobby.\" His collection eventually grew beyond comics to include books, art works, photographs, and audio visual materials on the same topic. He saw the images that he collected over the years as a way to better tell the story of the depiction of Black Americans in visual media. In 2019, Wright donated his collection to William \u0026 Mary so that it might be \"a helpful resource to students\" in the future."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWilliam \u0026amp; Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWilliam \u0026amp; Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWilliam \u0026amp; Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWilliam \u0026amp; Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWilliam \u0026amp; Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWilliam \u0026amp; Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWilliam \u0026amp; Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWilliam \u0026amp; Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWilliam \u0026amp; Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWilliam \u0026amp; Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWilliam \u0026amp; Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWilliam \u0026amp; Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWilliam \u0026amp; Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWilliam \u0026amp; Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWilliam \u0026amp; Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWilliam \u0026amp; Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWilliam \u0026amp; Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWilliam \u0026amp; Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWilliam \u0026amp; Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWilliam \u0026amp; Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General"],"odd_tesim":["William \u0026 Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRichard Wright Collection of Graphic Images of African Americans, Special Collections Research Center, William \u0026amp; Mary Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Richard Wright Collection of Graphic Images of African Americans, Special Collections Research Center, William \u0026 Mary Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eComic book volumes and other published materials included with this collection have been transfered to Rare Books and cataloged individually.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Comic book volumes and other published materials included with this collection have been transfered to Rare Books and cataloged individually."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection, compiled by Richard Wright, focuses on the evolution of the Black American image in print media, cartoons and comics. Wright organized his own historical timeline titled \"Good Clean Fun: Blacks in Comics,\" also referred to as \"Clean Fun: Blacks in Comics,\" in a series of binders with artist biographies and time period summaries. Item titles have been retained from the original labels.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMaterials in this collection include: books, comic books, magazines, prints, reference books, slides, photographs, CDs, DVDs, sheet music, newspaper strips, lithographs, and artwork. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResearch notes, biographies and timelines compiled or authored by Richard Wright. The original binder names have been retained.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA series of binders compiled by Richard Wright on the history of Black American depictions in comic art.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePart one of four. The full orginial title for the binder that housed these materials was \"Clean Fun: Blacks in Comics, African American Artists in the Mainstream: Jules Lion; Geo Herriman; E. Simms Campbell; Matt Baker; Morrie Turner; Brandon Brumsic; Ted Shearer; Black Images for Black People; Ebony; Golden Legacy; Aimed at Afro Market; Negro Romances; Negro Heroes; Hep/Sepia/Jive; In the Black Press; Ollie Harrington; Jackie Ormes; Tom Feelings; Current Artists; Denys Cowans; Ray Billingsley.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePart two of four. The full orginial title for the binder that housed these materials was \"Clean Fun: Blacks in Comics, African American Artists in the Mainstream: Jules Lion; Geo Herriman; E. Simms Campbell; Matt Baker; Morrie Turner; Brandon Brumsic; Ted Shearer; Black Images for Black People; Ebony; Golden Legacy; Aimed at Afro Market; Negro Romances; Negro Heroes; Hep/Sepia/Jive; In the Black Press; Ollie Harrington; Jackie Ormes; Tom Feelings; Current Artists; Denys Cowans; Ray Billingsley.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePart three of four. The full orginial title for the binder that housed these materials was \"Clean Fun: Blacks in Comics, African American Artists in the Mainstream: Jules Lion; Geo Herriman; E. Simms Campbell; Matt Baker; Morrie Turner; Brandon Brumsic; Ted Shearer; Black Images for Black People; Ebony; Golden Legacy; Aimed at Afro Market; Negro Romances; Negro Heroes; Hep/Sepia/Jive; In the Black Press; Ollie Harrington; Jackie Ormes; Tom Feelings; Current Artists; Denys Cowans; Ray Billingsley.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePart four of four. The full orginial title for the binder that housed these materials was \"Clean Fun: Blacks in Comics, African American Artists in the Mainstream: Jules Lion; Geo Herriman; E. Simms Campbell; Matt Baker; Morrie Turner; Brandon Brumsic; Ted Shearer; Black Images for Black People; Ebony; Golden Legacy; Aimed at Afro Market; Negro Romances; Negro Heroes; Hep/Sepia/Jive; In the Black Press; Ollie Harrington; Jackie Ormes; Tom Feelings; Current Artists; Denys Cowans; Ray Billingsley.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArrangement and titles of folders are retained from Wright.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArrangement and titles of folders are retained from Wright.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArrangement and titles of folders are retained from Wright.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords pertaining to Wright's collecting process, such as purchase documentation and comic research. Retains Wright's original titles and organization.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series retains original titles and organization.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScrapbooks and porfolios compiled by Richard Wright. Original order and names retained.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAn album with a red cover and a title note taped to the front by Richard Wright that reads \"1890's Black Newspaper Cartoons: Howarth, Hamilton, et. al.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA portfolio compiled by Richard Wright of cartoons with Black protagonists from a variety of artists and publishers between the 19th and 20th century.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA spiral bound book with a green cover. The words \"Scrap Book\" are on the front in black, the \"o\"s in \"book\" form the handles of a pair of scissors in the design. The contents of the book are comic clipping of \"Henry\" and \"Lulu\" from various newspapers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA portfolio compiled by Richard Wright of Currier \u0026amp; Ives caricature cartoon prints featuring Black protagonists from the late 1800s.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA portfolio compiled by Richard Wright of Currier \u0026amp; Ives' \"Darktown\" print series.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA scrapbook with a red cover with gold lettering. A sticker on the spine reads \"1872.\" The contents of the book are illustration clippings from issues of Harper's Weekly.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNewspaper clippings of \"The Gumps\" by Sidney Smith from The Cleveland News. Signed by the artist with handwritten note.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNewspaper clippings of \"The Gumps\" by Sidney Smith from The Cleveland News. Signed by the artist.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNewspaper clippings of \"The Gumps\" by Sidney Smith from The Cleveland News. Signed by the artist.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA grey, tan, and gold covered scrapbook. The words \"Scrap Book\" are embossed on the cover along with two peony flowers. The contents are newspaper cartoon clippings from unmarked sources.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged alphabetically by title.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOrginal four panel comic layout with edits, pasted text bubbles and handdrawn images.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA two part series, there are two versions of the print titled \"A Crack Trotter - A little off\" and one print of \"A Crack Trotter - Coming Around.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA print on board.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis cel has five characters standing side by side in the asile of a store.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis cel has three characters on a city street corner at night.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA character bust sketch in pencil. The figure is wearing glasses and a button up shirt. There is a scale measurement in the bottom right corner, and notes along the edges.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA multilayer animation cel with three sheets of film introductory text.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwo pen and pencil sketches on paper, the second is titled \"Fast Black\" and is signed A.L.S.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOriginal Black Panther comic panel in pen and ink with blue sketch lines, pencil notes, and corrections visible.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHandpainted animation cel signed by the artist and producer.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwo versions of the same cartoon: showing edits in color and design between the first and second editions.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOriginal comic panel with edits and the artist's signature in pen and ink.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwo original comic panels in pen and ink with edits, visible blue lines, and pencil notes. Signed by the artist.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA colored pencil and graphite character sketch for the film \"Coal Black and De Sebban Dwarfs.\" Signed by the artist and accompanied by the sales paperwork from when it was acquired by Richard Wright.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA handpainted animation cel for the movie \"Coonskin.\" Features a bust of one of the characters with a few background lines, and the identifier \"1H56, 5\" in the bottom right corner.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA series of animation character sketches on translucent paper.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAn original comic panel signed by E. Simms Campbell. Done in pencil and ink with visible edits and commentary.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAn original comic panel signed by Chester Gould. Done in pencil and ink with visible edits.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAn original comic panel signed by Paul Smith. Done in pencil and ink with visible edits and commentary.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA handpainted animation cel featuring four characters from \"Fat Albert and the Cosby Kids.\" The cel is labeled \"FA STK 2027A B-5.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA handpainted animation cel featuring seven characters from \"Fat Albert and the Cosby Kids.\" The cel is labeled \"copyright 1981 - William H. Cosby Jr. - Film Assoc.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSketch in colored pencil and graphite with animation notes and the identifier \"Se. 142, STK BG 1909, FA-79\" in the bottom right corner.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA sketch of a man holding a basketball in blue pencil and graphite. The label \"PB4\" is featured multiple times around the image, and the bottom of the page is stamped with \"50-2, 3.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA multi-layer hand-painted animation cel with a background, a foreground, and a figure layer.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA multi-layer hand-painted animation cel with a background, a foreground, and a figure layer.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA multi-layer hand-painted animation cel with a background, a foreground, and a figure layer.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA numbered limited edition Heavy Traffic poster. 73/260\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHandpainted animation cel of \"Carol\" from \"Heavy Traffic\" with certificate of authenticity and sales information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA cartoon drawn in pencil and signed by Henry Jackson. In red marker along the bottom of the work, someone has written \" Examiner Art Staff 1960s - (now deceased)\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA political poster featuring a white and a Black solider shaking hands across from Uncle Sam. Produced by M.A.Stern Chicago.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOriginal comic panel done in pen and graphite, signed and dated by the artist. Title and trademark information are pasted onto the work, and writing along the bottom edge reads \"to Bill Glasgow.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOriginal animation model sketch of \"Inky\" from Warner Bros Studios. Accompanied by a certificate of authenticity.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSigned by the artist. Original panel on cardboard in ink and graphite. A caption at the bottom reads \"The high cost of foods done me more good than my [acolicing?] salon.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAn animation cel featuring all three main characters from \"Josie and the Pussy Cats\" playing instruments on a stage. Their names written underneath their images, \"Josie, Melody, and Valerie.\" Words in the top left read \"Prod # 51, (standard size). The bottom right is copyrighted by Hanna-Barbera Productions, Inc., and dated 1970.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAn animation cel featuring all three main characters from \"Josie and the Pussy Cats\" with a street scene background.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSketch in colored pencil, graphite, and watercolor of a Fish in a bowler hat smoking a cigar.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAn original comic panel in ink and graphite with visible edits, signed by the artist.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHandpainted animation cel of Uhura in uniform.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCharacter sketch in colored pencil and graphite with notes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCharacter sketch in colored pencil and graphite. Accompanied by certificate of authenticity.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOriginal drawing in ink, titled in the bottom left and numbered in the bottom right.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOriginal comic panel in ink, graphite, and gouache paint with visible edits, and notes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOriginal comic panel in ink and graphite, signed by the artist. Water damage along the bottom edge.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwo different print versions of the same image, showing varied color and tint choices.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOriginal comic panel in ink, graphite, blue pencil, and gouache paint with visible edits, and notes. Blue pencil notes at the top left corner read \" Page #13, Annual #94, Mn 7. \u0026amp; 7. Force.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOriginal comic panel in ink with caption edits, accompanited by a handwritten letters by the artist, and the dealer information. The letters are addressed to Rev. E.F. Strickland, dated 1883 September 12 and 1883 October 20, and regard a request for a drawing.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAn original comic panel in graphite and ink that appears to have been cut off from a larger comic strip. The artist signature in the bottom left is cut in half. Dated \"Fri May 1,\" 1959. And titled \"Capt. Easy\".\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAn untitled drawing of a boy facing away from the viewer. He is dressed in overalls with one strap, holding a bag in his left hand, and a stick in his right. Writing beneath the image reads \"SC. 28A\".\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAn untitled drawing of a man holding a boomerang. The number \"146\" is in the bottom right corner.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAn untitled drawing of a female torso clad in an apron and wearing slippers. Writing beneath the drawing read \" Prod89 SC54, 269.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAn untitled drawing of a female torso wearing an apron and slippers balancing on a tipping kitchen stool. There are notes written all over the image with measurements and accompanying arrows.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAn untitled female figure wearing a headscarf and dressed in an apron over a polka-dot dress. Writing along the bottom of the image read \"AJ\" and \"542.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA series of motion sketches of a baby accompanied by a female figure.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA sketch of the centaur \"Otika\" from Disney's Fantasia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBust sketches of two women discussing laundry.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA drawing of Jerry wearing a napkin around his neck as he walks away to the right with a scowl on his face. The number \"50\" is in the bottom right.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA hand painted animation cel of Tom behind a person on stilts.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA drawing of Tom pouncing around the corner of a wall with paws outstretched. Notes on the drawing read \"to reg. see #129\", and the number \"133\" is in the bottom right corner.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAn original comic panel for \"Outdoor Sports\" in ink, graphite, and blue pencil. Signed and dated by the artist.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA painting on paper of a donkey and three birds in a fenced field with a farm house in the background. Signed and titled in the bottom left.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAn original comic panel in ink, paint, and graphite for a political cartoon.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOriginal comic panel in ink, graphite, red pen, and gouache paint with visible edits, and notes. Signed by the artist.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAn original comic panel in ink and graphite of a man plucking petals off a flower. The title is written in pencil along the bottom edge.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA multi-layer, hand painted, animation cel. Signed by both artists. Numbered \"59/100\" in the bottom right corner.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA still life print on board that has been painted over.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAn original comic panel in ink, graphite, and white-out on board. It features a man trying to fix a soda vending machine.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAn original comic panel in in and graphite titled \"Walnuts\" from \"Sunflower Street.\" Signed by the arts and dated.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwo different printings of the same cartoon with color variances.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA handpainted animation cel of two character in clown make-up and costumes. The one on the left is labeled as \"Buckwheat as a clown,\" and the one on the right is labeled \"Porky as a clown.\" The cel is titled along the top edge and numbered \"0132-8207.\" Notes cover the entire cel in pencil and pen, the majority appear to be color identifcation numbers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA drawing in ink and graphite of three men playing cards at a table. The title of the work is in pencil along the bottom edge, along with the artist's signature.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA print of \"Little Eva,\" and \"Uncle Tom\" sitting in the shade of a tree with a shack in the background. \"Eva\" has a book on her lap and gestures off in the distance.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA sketch in graphite of a old man wearing suspenders, oversized shoes, a tiny bowler hat, and carrying a crooked cane. The number \"143\" is written in the bottom right corner, and a the words \" PROD 1 52SC 1 6\" are stamped next to it.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA painted animation cel bust drawing of a bird in a hat. The hat is a purple tricorne with an oversized safety pin stuck through the front. The bird is white with yellow eyes and an orange beak and appears to be a seagull. The cel is accompaied by an information tag and a scan of a He-Man scene.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA print of seven men dressed in red and yellow shirts and caps with blue pinstriped pants and red shoes with yellow and red stockings. The men have axes and are working with trimmed sticks which are piled up behind them. One man has cut himself in half instead of the stick he is holding.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA sketch of a man in a top hat and coattails hanging on the back of a bucking horse. Signed \"FC\" in the bottom right corner.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA print of a woman walking beside a man holding a baby. Both are dressed in formal wear, and rendered in shades of tan, brown, and pink. Signed by the artist in the bottom right corner, with the letters difficult to make out.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwo prints, each a bust of a Black child. One in a three-quarters pose, the other looking directly at the viewer.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA woodblock print of a man, woman, and child in formal wear, their features are rendered in blocky forms akin to stylized masks.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA matted painted animation cel of Valerie Brown in her Pussy Cat costume holding two tambourines.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA bust sketch of Valerie Brown in blue pencil and graphite. Notes at the bottom right corner read \"7FC SC.31 6e-2 bq.31.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA multi-layer painted animation cel. Features a man with his hands clasped triumphantly above his head standing against a background of a junk pile and wooden wall. Text along the top edge reads \"Fa01 BGS4\" and text along the bottom edge reads \"FA STG 2027A WH5.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged alphabetically by title.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrom the series \"Negro Drawings,\" plate 42.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrom the series \"Negro Drawings,\" plate 42.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThree prints; the two by Walker are published by Currier \u0026amp; Ives.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwo different print versions.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversized poster.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwo versions of the same print.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePrint on canvas.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwo rolled posters.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA printout of a man in a bowler hat carrying a cane while wearing a suit.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePixelated photographs of a comic showing two Black children sitting beside a shotgun.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwo different scenes of a man and woman in fancy dress.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis cover shows a white man with one hand on a revolver standing over a Black man laying on the ground.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePrimarily \"Mickey Finn\" and \"Don Winslow of the Navy.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOmaha World Herald\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReproduction.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection, compiled by Richard Wright, focuses on the evolution of the Black American image in print media, cartoons and comics. Wright organized his own historical timeline titled \"Good Clean Fun: Blacks in Comics,\" also referred to as \"Clean Fun: Blacks in Comics,\" in a series of binders with artist biographies and time period summaries. Item titles have been retained from the original labels.","Materials in this collection include: books, comic books, magazines, prints, reference books, slides, photographs, CDs, DVDs, sheet music, newspaper strips, lithographs, and artwork. ","Research notes, biographies and timelines compiled or authored by Richard Wright. The original binder names have been retained.","A series of binders compiled by Richard Wright on the history of Black American depictions in comic art.","Part one of four. The full orginial title for the binder that housed these materials was \"Clean Fun: Blacks in Comics, African American Artists in the Mainstream: Jules Lion; Geo Herriman; E. Simms Campbell; Matt Baker; Morrie Turner; Brandon Brumsic; Ted Shearer; Black Images for Black People; Ebony; Golden Legacy; Aimed at Afro Market; Negro Romances; Negro Heroes; Hep/Sepia/Jive; In the Black Press; Ollie Harrington; Jackie Ormes; Tom Feelings; Current Artists; Denys Cowans; Ray Billingsley.\"","Part two of four. The full orginial title for the binder that housed these materials was \"Clean Fun: Blacks in Comics, African American Artists in the Mainstream: Jules Lion; Geo Herriman; E. Simms Campbell; Matt Baker; Morrie Turner; Brandon Brumsic; Ted Shearer; Black Images for Black People; Ebony; Golden Legacy; Aimed at Afro Market; Negro Romances; Negro Heroes; Hep/Sepia/Jive; In the Black Press; Ollie Harrington; Jackie Ormes; Tom Feelings; Current Artists; Denys Cowans; Ray Billingsley.\"","Part three of four. The full orginial title for the binder that housed these materials was \"Clean Fun: Blacks in Comics, African American Artists in the Mainstream: Jules Lion; Geo Herriman; E. Simms Campbell; Matt Baker; Morrie Turner; Brandon Brumsic; Ted Shearer; Black Images for Black People; Ebony; Golden Legacy; Aimed at Afro Market; Negro Romances; Negro Heroes; Hep/Sepia/Jive; In the Black Press; Ollie Harrington; Jackie Ormes; Tom Feelings; Current Artists; Denys Cowans; Ray Billingsley.\"","Part four of four. The full orginial title for the binder that housed these materials was \"Clean Fun: Blacks in Comics, African American Artists in the Mainstream: Jules Lion; Geo Herriman; E. Simms Campbell; Matt Baker; Morrie Turner; Brandon Brumsic; Ted Shearer; Black Images for Black People; Ebony; Golden Legacy; Aimed at Afro Market; Negro Romances; Negro Heroes; Hep/Sepia/Jive; In the Black Press; Ollie Harrington; Jackie Ormes; Tom Feelings; Current Artists; Denys Cowans; Ray Billingsley.\"","Arrangement and titles of folders are retained from Wright.","Arrangement and titles of folders are retained from Wright.","Arrangement and titles of folders are retained from Wright.","Records pertaining to Wright's collecting process, such as purchase documentation and comic research. Retains Wright's original titles and organization.","This series retains original titles and organization.","Scrapbooks and porfolios compiled by Richard Wright. Original order and names retained.","An album with a red cover and a title note taped to the front by Richard Wright that reads \"1890's Black Newspaper Cartoons: Howarth, Hamilton, et. al.\"","A portfolio compiled by Richard Wright of cartoons with Black protagonists from a variety of artists and publishers between the 19th and 20th century.","A spiral bound book with a green cover. The words \"Scrap Book\" are on the front in black, the \"o\"s in \"book\" form the handles of a pair of scissors in the design. The contents of the book are comic clipping of \"Henry\" and \"Lulu\" from various newspapers.","A portfolio compiled by Richard Wright of Currier \u0026 Ives caricature cartoon prints featuring Black protagonists from the late 1800s.","A portfolio compiled by Richard Wright of Currier \u0026 Ives' \"Darktown\" print series.","A scrapbook with a red cover with gold lettering. A sticker on the spine reads \"1872.\" The contents of the book are illustration clippings from issues of Harper's Weekly.","Newspaper clippings of \"The Gumps\" by Sidney Smith from The Cleveland News. Signed by the artist with handwritten note.","Newspaper clippings of \"The Gumps\" by Sidney Smith from The Cleveland News. Signed by the artist.","Newspaper clippings of \"The Gumps\" by Sidney Smith from The Cleveland News. Signed by the artist.","A grey, tan, and gold covered scrapbook. The words \"Scrap Book\" are embossed on the cover along with two peony flowers. The contents are newspaper cartoon clippings from unmarked sources.","Arranged alphabetically by title.","Orginal four panel comic layout with edits, pasted text bubbles and handdrawn images.","A two part series, there are two versions of the print titled \"A Crack Trotter - A little off\" and one print of \"A Crack Trotter - Coming Around.\"","A print on board.","This cel has five characters standing side by side in the asile of a store.","This cel has three characters on a city street corner at night.","A character bust sketch in pencil. The figure is wearing glasses and a button up shirt. There is a scale measurement in the bottom right corner, and notes along the edges.","A multilayer animation cel with three sheets of film introductory text.","Two pen and pencil sketches on paper, the second is titled \"Fast Black\" and is signed A.L.S.","Original Black Panther comic panel in pen and ink with blue sketch lines, pencil notes, and corrections visible.","Handpainted animation cel signed by the artist and producer.","Two versions of the same cartoon: showing edits in color and design between the first and second editions.","Original comic panel with edits and the artist's signature in pen and ink.","Two original comic panels in pen and ink with edits, visible blue lines, and pencil notes. Signed by the artist.","A colored pencil and graphite character sketch for the film \"Coal Black and De Sebban Dwarfs.\" Signed by the artist and accompanied by the sales paperwork from when it was acquired by Richard Wright.","A handpainted animation cel for the movie \"Coonskin.\" Features a bust of one of the characters with a few background lines, and the identifier \"1H56, 5\" in the bottom right corner.","A series of animation character sketches on translucent paper.","An original comic panel signed by E. Simms Campbell. Done in pencil and ink with visible edits and commentary.","An original comic panel signed by Chester Gould. Done in pencil and ink with visible edits.","An original comic panel signed by Paul Smith. Done in pencil and ink with visible edits and commentary.","A handpainted animation cel featuring four characters from \"Fat Albert and the Cosby Kids.\" The cel is labeled \"FA STK 2027A B-5.\"","A handpainted animation cel featuring seven characters from \"Fat Albert and the Cosby Kids.\" The cel is labeled \"copyright 1981 - William H. Cosby Jr. - Film Assoc.\"","Sketch in colored pencil and graphite with animation notes and the identifier \"Se. 142, STK BG 1909, FA-79\" in the bottom right corner.","A sketch of a man holding a basketball in blue pencil and graphite. The label \"PB4\" is featured multiple times around the image, and the bottom of the page is stamped with \"50-2, 3.\"","A multi-layer hand-painted animation cel with a background, a foreground, and a figure layer.","A multi-layer hand-painted animation cel with a background, a foreground, and a figure layer.","A multi-layer hand-painted animation cel with a background, a foreground, and a figure layer.","A numbered limited edition Heavy Traffic poster. 73/260","Handpainted animation cel of \"Carol\" from \"Heavy Traffic\" with certificate of authenticity and sales information.","A cartoon drawn in pencil and signed by Henry Jackson. In red marker along the bottom of the work, someone has written \" Examiner Art Staff 1960s - (now deceased)\"","A political poster featuring a white and a Black solider shaking hands across from Uncle Sam. Produced by M.A.Stern Chicago.","Original comic panel done in pen and graphite, signed and dated by the artist. Title and trademark information are pasted onto the work, and writing along the bottom edge reads \"to Bill Glasgow.\"","Original animation model sketch of \"Inky\" from Warner Bros Studios. Accompanied by a certificate of authenticity.","Signed by the artist. Original panel on cardboard in ink and graphite. A caption at the bottom reads \"The high cost of foods done me more good than my [acolicing?] salon.\"","An animation cel featuring all three main characters from \"Josie and the Pussy Cats\" playing instruments on a stage. Their names written underneath their images, \"Josie, Melody, and Valerie.\" Words in the top left read \"Prod # 51, (standard size). The bottom right is copyrighted by Hanna-Barbera Productions, Inc., and dated 1970.","An animation cel featuring all three main characters from \"Josie and the Pussy Cats\" with a street scene background.","Sketch in colored pencil, graphite, and watercolor of a Fish in a bowler hat smoking a cigar.","An original comic panel in ink and graphite with visible edits, signed by the artist.","Handpainted animation cel of Uhura in uniform.","Character sketch in colored pencil and graphite with notes.","Character sketch in colored pencil and graphite. Accompanied by certificate of authenticity.","Original drawing in ink, titled in the bottom left and numbered in the bottom right.","Original comic panel in ink, graphite, and gouache paint with visible edits, and notes.","Original comic panel in ink and graphite, signed by the artist. Water damage along the bottom edge.","Two different print versions of the same image, showing varied color and tint choices.","Original comic panel in ink, graphite, blue pencil, and gouache paint with visible edits, and notes. Blue pencil notes at the top left corner read \" Page #13, Annual #94, Mn 7. \u0026 7. Force.\"","Original comic panel in ink with caption edits, accompanited by a handwritten letters by the artist, and the dealer information. The letters are addressed to Rev. E.F. Strickland, dated 1883 September 12 and 1883 October 20, and regard a request for a drawing.","An original comic panel in graphite and ink that appears to have been cut off from a larger comic strip. The artist signature in the bottom left is cut in half. Dated \"Fri May 1,\" 1959. And titled \"Capt. Easy\".","An untitled drawing of a boy facing away from the viewer. He is dressed in overalls with one strap, holding a bag in his left hand, and a stick in his right. Writing beneath the image reads \"SC. 28A\".","An untitled drawing of a man holding a boomerang. The number \"146\" is in the bottom right corner.","An untitled drawing of a female torso clad in an apron and wearing slippers. Writing beneath the drawing read \" Prod89 SC54, 269.\"","An untitled drawing of a female torso wearing an apron and slippers balancing on a tipping kitchen stool. There are notes written all over the image with measurements and accompanying arrows.","An untitled female figure wearing a headscarf and dressed in an apron over a polka-dot dress. Writing along the bottom of the image read \"AJ\" and \"542.\"","A series of motion sketches of a baby accompanied by a female figure.","A sketch of the centaur \"Otika\" from Disney's Fantasia.","Bust sketches of two women discussing laundry.","A drawing of Jerry wearing a napkin around his neck as he walks away to the right with a scowl on his face. The number \"50\" is in the bottom right.","A hand painted animation cel of Tom behind a person on stilts.","A drawing of Tom pouncing around the corner of a wall with paws outstretched. Notes on the drawing read \"to reg. see #129\", and the number \"133\" is in the bottom right corner.","An original comic panel for \"Outdoor Sports\" in ink, graphite, and blue pencil. Signed and dated by the artist.","A painting on paper of a donkey and three birds in a fenced field with a farm house in the background. Signed and titled in the bottom left.","An original comic panel in ink, paint, and graphite for a political cartoon.","Original comic panel in ink, graphite, red pen, and gouache paint with visible edits, and notes. Signed by the artist.","An original comic panel in ink and graphite of a man plucking petals off a flower. The title is written in pencil along the bottom edge.","A multi-layer, hand painted, animation cel. Signed by both artists. Numbered \"59/100\" in the bottom right corner.","A still life print on board that has been painted over.","An original comic panel in ink, graphite, and white-out on board. It features a man trying to fix a soda vending machine.","An original comic panel in in and graphite titled \"Walnuts\" from \"Sunflower Street.\" Signed by the arts and dated.","Two different printings of the same cartoon with color variances.","A handpainted animation cel of two character in clown make-up and costumes. The one on the left is labeled as \"Buckwheat as a clown,\" and the one on the right is labeled \"Porky as a clown.\" The cel is titled along the top edge and numbered \"0132-8207.\" Notes cover the entire cel in pencil and pen, the majority appear to be color identifcation numbers.","A drawing in ink and graphite of three men playing cards at a table. The title of the work is in pencil along the bottom edge, along with the artist's signature.","A print of \"Little Eva,\" and \"Uncle Tom\" sitting in the shade of a tree with a shack in the background. \"Eva\" has a book on her lap and gestures off in the distance.","A sketch in graphite of a old man wearing suspenders, oversized shoes, a tiny bowler hat, and carrying a crooked cane. The number \"143\" is written in the bottom right corner, and a the words \" PROD 1 52SC 1 6\" are stamped next to it.","A painted animation cel bust drawing of a bird in a hat. The hat is a purple tricorne with an oversized safety pin stuck through the front. The bird is white with yellow eyes and an orange beak and appears to be a seagull. The cel is accompaied by an information tag and a scan of a He-Man scene.","A print of seven men dressed in red and yellow shirts and caps with blue pinstriped pants and red shoes with yellow and red stockings. The men have axes and are working with trimmed sticks which are piled up behind them. One man has cut himself in half instead of the stick he is holding.","A sketch of a man in a top hat and coattails hanging on the back of a bucking horse. Signed \"FC\" in the bottom right corner.","A print of a woman walking beside a man holding a baby. Both are dressed in formal wear, and rendered in shades of tan, brown, and pink. Signed by the artist in the bottom right corner, with the letters difficult to make out.","Two prints, each a bust of a Black child. One in a three-quarters pose, the other looking directly at the viewer.","A woodblock print of a man, woman, and child in formal wear, their features are rendered in blocky forms akin to stylized masks.","A matted painted animation cel of Valerie Brown in her Pussy Cat costume holding two tambourines.","A bust sketch of Valerie Brown in blue pencil and graphite. Notes at the bottom right corner read \"7FC SC.31 6e-2 bq.31.\"","A multi-layer painted animation cel. Features a man with his hands clasped triumphantly above his head standing against a background of a junk pile and wooden wall. Text along the top edge reads \"Fa01 BGS4\" and text along the bottom edge reads \"FA STG 2027A WH5.\"","Arranged alphabetically by title.","From the series \"Negro Drawings,\" plate 42.","From the series \"Negro Drawings,\" plate 42.","Three prints; the two by Walker are published by Currier \u0026 Ives.","Two different print versions.","Oversized poster.","Two versions of the same print.","Print on canvas.","Two rolled posters.","A printout of a man in a bowler hat carrying a cane while wearing a suit.","Pixelated photographs of a comic showing two Black children sitting beside a shotgun.","Two different scenes of a man and woman in fancy dress.","This cover shows a white man with one hand on a revolver standing over a Black man laying on the ground.","Primarily \"Mickey Finn\" and \"Don Winslow of the Navy.\"","Omaha World Herald","Reproduction."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Curator of Manuscripts and Rare Books, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Curator of Manuscripts and Rare Books, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":987,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T07:21:03Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_9853_c01_c01_c13_c05"}},{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_367_c02_c02_c01","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"1956, 1969, 1983","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_367_c02_c02_c01#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_367_c02_c02_c01","ref_ssm":["vifgm_repositories_2_resources_367_c02_c02_c01"],"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_367_c02_c02_c01","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_367","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_367","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_367_c02_c02","parent_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_367_c02_c02","parent_ssim":["vifgm_repositories_2_resources_367","vifgm_repositories_2_resources_367_c02","vifgm_repositories_2_resources_367_c02_c02"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vifgm_repositories_2_resources_367","vifgm_repositories_2_resources_367_c02","vifgm_repositories_2_resources_367_c02_c02"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["James M. Buchanan papers","Series 2: Correspondence","Subseries 2: Chronological correspondence"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["James M. Buchanan papers","Series 2: Correspondence","Subseries 2: Chronological correspondence"],"text":["James M. Buchanan papers","Series 2: Correspondence","Subseries 2: Chronological correspondence","1956, 1969, 1983","box 110","folder 6"],"title_filing_ssi":"1956, 1969, 1983","title_ssm":["1956, 1969, 1983"],"title_tesim":["1956, 1969, 1983"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1956, 1969, 1983"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1956/1983"],"normalized_title_ssm":["1956, 1969, 1983"],"component_level_isim":[3],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"collection_ssim":["James M. Buchanan papers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":1556,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["\nCertain materials in the collection are restricted due to FERPA requirements and personally identifiable information. Letters of recommendation are restricted for 40 years from creation. Please see inventory for details.\n","Most of the materials in Series 9 were digitized. Please reach out to SCRC to access these materials.","There are no other access restrictions.","All If your request requires more research support, we recommend hiring someone to assist you on-site. Remote digitization requests will be evaluated based on the material content and our ability to provide copies."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"date_range_isim":[1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983],"containers_ssim":["box 110","folder 6"],"_nest_path_":"/components#1/components#1/components#0","timestamp":"2026-06-05T07:18:42.949Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_367","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_367","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_367","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_367","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_367.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"C0246","title_ssm":["James M. Buchanan papers"],"title_tesim":["James M. Buchanan papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["circa 1800s, 1930-2014"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1800s, 1930-2014"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0246","/repositories/2/resources/367"],"text":["C0246","/repositories/2/resources/367","James M. Buchanan papers","Economics","Economists -- United States","Nobel Prize winners","Social choice","Correspondence","Manuscripts","Typescripts","Video recordings","\nCertain materials in the collection are restricted due to FERPA requirements and personally identifiable information. Letters of recommendation are restricted for 40 years from creation. Please see inventory for details.\n","Most of the materials in Series 9 were digitized. Please reach out to SCRC to access these materials.","There are no other access restrictions.","All If your request requires more research support, we recommend hiring someone to assist you on-site. Remote digitization requests will be evaluated based on the material content and our ability to provide copies.","The collection is arranged in nine series.","Series Series 1: Biographical materials Series 2: Correspondence Series 3: Writings Series 4: Academia Series 5: Professional service Series 6: Betty Tillman papers Series 7: Jo Ann Burgess papers Series 8: Writings by others Series 9: Audiovisual and born-digital materials","James McGill Buchanan, Jr. was born on October 3, 1919 in Gum, Tennessee to Lila Scott (1889-1953) and James McGill Buchanan, Sr. (1888-1979). He had two younger sisters, Lila Scott Buchanan Graue (1922-2020) and Elizabeth Bradley. His paternal grandfather, John P. Buchanan (1847-1930), was a one-term governor of Tennessee from 1891 to 1893. James M. Buchanan attended Buchanan High School. He triple-majored in English, mathematics, and economics at Middle Tennessee State University from 1936 to 1940. He received a Master's of the Arts in economics from the University of Tennessee, Knoxville in 1941. Buchanan then attended the Naval War College and served on the operations staff of Admiral Chester W. Nimitz from 1941 to 1945. In that role, he was stationed in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, and Guam. He met his wife, Ann Bakke (August 21, 1909-November 14, 2005) in 1943. She was born in Jamestown, North Dakota. She served with the Army Air Transport Command at Hickham Field, Oahu. In 1945 the couple married in San Francisco, California. ","From 1946 to 1948 Buchanan attended the University of Chicago, where he graduated with a Ph.D. in economics. After graduation, he taught at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville as an associate professor from 1948 to 1951, and then as a full professor at Florida State University, Tallahassee from 1951 to 1956. In 1955 he was awarded a Fulbright fellowship to study in Italy for a year. In 1956 he was hired at the University of Virginia as the chair of the economics department. It was there that he co-founded the Thomas Jefferson Center for Studies in Political Economy in 1958. That same year, he published  Public Principles of Public Debt . In 1962, Buchanan and co-author Gordon Tullock published  The Calculus of Consent . ","Buchanan worked at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) for one academic year (1968-1969) as a professor of economics. In 1969 he was hired at Virginia Polytechnic Institute (VPI, now known as Virginia Tech), as a University Distinguished Professor. He became general director of the Center for Study of Public Choice, the successor institution to the Thomas Jefferson Center for Political Economy. Buchanan continued to publish books during his time at VPI, including  Cost and Choice  (1969),  Academia in Anarchy  with Nicos Devletoglou (1970),  The Limits of Liberty  (1975), and  The Power to Tax  with Geoffrey Brennan (1980). ","In 1983, Buchanan and the Center for the Study of Public Choice moved from VPI to George Mason University in Fairfax, Virginia. After the move, he split his time between Fairfax and his farm in Blacksburg, Virginia. In 1986, Buchanan was awarded the Nobel Memorial Prize in economics. While at Mason, he published  The Reason of Rules  (1985),  Better than Plowing  (1992), and  Politics by Principle, Not Interest  with Roger Congleton (1998). He formally retired from Mason in September 1999 but continued to work both at Mason and Virginia Tech until his death on January 9, 2013. ","Buchanan was known for his contribution to the field of public choice, which uses economic principles to analyze the rules and actions of government and public sector. It was this theory which led to his Nobel award. ","Born on March 19, 1927, Betty Jane Hall Tillman (also known as Betty Ross from 1977 to 1984) received an associate's degree from The Jefferson School of Commerce at Charlottesville, Virginia in 1945. She worked for Buchanan at the University of Virginia from August 14, 1961 to August 1969, at VPI from September 1, 1969 to June 1983, and at George Mason University from July 1, 1983 until her retirement in April 2007. Tillman had multiple responsibilities including handling Buchanan's correspondence, scheduling his events, coordinating Liberty Fund conferences, organizing activities at the Center for Study of Public Choice, and assisting graduate students and faculty associated with the Center. At the time of her retirement her position was administrative director of the Center for Study of Public Choice. She had three children. Tillman died on October 2, 2013.  ","Jo Ann Burgess was born on June 27, 1948. She began work at the Center for the Study of Public Choice at George Mason University in 1989. Previously, Burgess lived around the world working for the State Department and the U.S military. She had four children with her husband, Roger. Burgess had many varied responsibilities at the Center including organizing Buchanan's archival papers, and administrative duties for the Public Choice Society. She edited Buchanan's published work in the 1990s and 2000s, including editing  The Collected Works of James Buchanan  and  The Selected Works of Gordon Tullock  for the Liberty Fund. After Tillman's retirement, Burgess took on additional responsibilities related to handling Buchanan's correspondence and scheduling, and additional administrative duties at the Center. Burgess retired in the summer of 2014. She died on March 19, 2020.","Ann Gladys Bakke was born on August 21, 1909 in Jamestown, North Dakota to a Norwegian-born father, Andrew (1879-?), and a second-generation Norwegian immigrant, Hilda Kjorness (1882/3-1973). She had four siblings: Orval (also written Orville, 1908-1987), Clara Jensvold (1910-1998), Arthur (1915-1989), and Erling (1924-1945). Bakke worked as a stenographer in Jamestown until at least 1932. She was living in Fargo, N.D. in 1935 and Washington, D.C. in 1940. During World War II, Bakke served with the Army Air Transport Command at Hickham Field, Oahu. During this time, she met James Buchanan and the two were married in 1945 in San Francisco, California. She supported Buchanan financially during his graduate study at the University of Chicago. She died at their home in Blacksburg, Va., on November 14, 2005.","This collection was processed by Rebecca Thayer as part of a National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH) grant project from March 2021 to March 2023.","Initial processing of the collection was begun after James M. Buchanan's death in 2013, while the papers were at Buchanan House (also known as Roberts House), where the offices of Buchanan, Betty Tillman, Jo Ann Burgess, and the Center for Study of Public Choice were then located. Processing at this time was done by Greta Suiter, then-Processing Coordinator at the Special Collections Research Center (SCRC), and Solomon Stein, then-economics PhD student at Mason. Stein and Suiter established an initial arrangement scheme and began foldering and sorting materials accordingly. Elizabeth Beckman, then-Processing Coordinator, continued arrangement and refoldering work alongside Stein at Buchanan House from 2014 to 2016. 145 linear feet of materials were ultimately arranged during this time. The following series were created: Correspondence, Academic (Subseries: Courses taken and Courses taught), Conferences (Subseries: Conferences attended and Conferences held), Writings, Articles Read, and Administrative.","Materials were boxed up and brought to Fenwick in Spring 2017. Beckman completed EAD markup of a preliminary finding aid with the processed materials in June 2017. Processing was paused in 2017 to apply for a NEH grant to hire a dedicated processing archivist. The grant was approved to start in 2020 but was delayed for several months due to the COVID-19 pandemic.","Rebecca Thayer was hired in March 2021 to process the collection. She surveyed the arranged part of the collection (145 linear feet) and the unprocessed part (147 linear feet) to create a processing plan. This plan included adjustments to the original arrangement scheme based on material in the unprocessed section of the papers. A large number of the eventual Jo Ann Burgess papers series materials were in the unprocessed section of the collection, although the unprocessed section did contain materials from all series. ","The prior arrangement scheme did not preserve Tillman and Burgess' files as discrete series, so it is likely that some materials created by Tillman or Burgess were dispersed into the various other series. Some materials in the correspondence series especially which were obviously correspondence involving only Tillman, Burgess, or Ann Bakke Buchanan, were removed to their respective series and subseries. However, Thayer did not attempt a systematic review of materials in other series such as Professional Services and Academia in order to separate out Tillman and Burgess-created files from Buchanan-created files. This has resulted in some significant overlap between those series and the Betty Tillman papers and Jo Ann Burgess papers series. This does reflect the significant overlap in work responsibilities of Tillman, Burgess, Buchanan, and the Center as seen in the materials. ","Processors prior to the NEH grant appear to have filed out materials that were originally grouped in large miscellaneous folders. Buchanan, Tillman, and Burgess do not seem to have created many files with only one or two emails or letters, preferring larger bulk folders. However, in the collection there are now many individual folders with correspondents that seem to have been created from larger files. No additional filing out of material was done under the NEH grant.","Thayer arranged the unprocessed materials and reprocessed the previously arranged materials, combining the two. Mason Graduate Research Assistant Rachel Barton and undergraduate assistants Colin McDonald and Vilma Chicas Garcia assisted with arrangement, reboxing, and inventory creation. Amanda Menjivar, Manuscripts and Archives Librarian, assisted with finding aid data entry and publishing.","The James M. Buchanan papers largely consist of correspondence, writings, and administrative files created between the years 1930-2014. The collection contains 9 series.","Series 1: Biographical materials (circa 1800s, 1944-2012) contains information about James M. Buchanan's life and career. It is further divided into four subseries. Subseries 1.1: Ann Bakke Buchanan papers contains materials created by Ann Bakke Buchanan, James M. Buchanan's wife. Materials include correspondence, recipe cards, notebooks, calendars, and photographs. Some of the correspondence is in Norwegian, and some addressed to both James and Ann as a couple. Subseries 1.2: Awards contains newspapers clippings, congratulatory letters, photographs, and memorabilia relating to awards Buchanan received during his career. The majority of the materials relate to the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics. Subseries 1.3: Education contains study notes, essays, syllabi, and research notes from Buchanan's education, mostly from his PhD study at the University of Chicago. Subseries 1.4: Clippings contains newspaper and magazine clippings about Buchanan, including articles about his work, interviews, and reports on events he attended.","Series 2: Correspondence (1951-2014) contains letters, emails, memoranda, cards, and other forms of written communication, mostly dealing with Buchanan's professional career. Subseries 2.1: Alphabetical correspondence contains the bulk of the correspondence, filed alphabetically by correspondent, subject, or name of an organization. Subseries 2.2: Chronological correspondence is a small amount of unrelated correspondence that was grouped together in date ranges, likely by either Buchanan himself, or his assistants Betty Tillman and Jo Ann Burgess.","Series 3: Writings (1946-2012) contains drafts, typescripts, photocopies, notes, and reprints of Buchanan's books, articles, speaking lectures, and unpublished material. There are also research files relating to some of his writing projects, and some correspondence with publishers, coauthors, and reviewers.","Series 4: Academia (1946-2013) contains correspondence, reports, planning documents, and grant files relating to Buchanan's work at various universities, primarily University of Virginia, Virginia Polytechnic Institute (now Virginia Tech), and George Mason University. Subseries 4.1: Administration contains reports, memoranda, correspondence, photographs, calendars, and planning documents relating to department and university business. Subseries 4.2: Teaching contains lecture notes, drafts, syllabi, exams, and readings relating to classes taught by Buchanan over the course of his career. Subseries 4.3: Grants contains correspondence and applications for grant projects undertaken by Buchanan and collaborators. Subseries 4.4: Thomas Jefferson Center for Studies in Political Economy contains annual reports, photographs, and correspondence from the University of Virginia's Thomas Jefferson Center, which was active from 1958 to 1968. Subseries 4.5: Center for Study of Public Choice contains annual reports, conference information, grants, planning documents, board meeting minutes, and correspondence relating to the Center, an academic unit at Virginia Polytechnic Institute from 1968 to 1983 and at George Mason University from 1983 onwards.","Series 5: Professional Service (1958-2013) This series contains materials relating to Buchanan's professional activities outside of his university responsibilities. Subseries 5.1: Conferences and events contains correspondence, schedules, planning documents, papers and lecture notes, and travel documents from conferences, speaking engagements, and other events attended by Buchanan during his career. Subseries 5.2: Consulting and organizations contains annual reports and correspondence relating to Buchanan's work with various organizations outside of his work as a university professor. ","Series 6: Betty Tillman papers (1968-2008) contains files created by Betty Tillman, administrative assistant to Buchanan and administrative director of the Center for Study of Public Choice. Subseries 6.1: Correspondence contains letters, emails, memoranda, and cards sent and received by Tillman. Subseries 6.2: Office administration contains planning documents, organizational files, and other materials relating to Tillman's handling of Buchanan's and Center for the Study of Public Choice office functions. Subseries 6.3: Conferences, events and travel contains correspondence, calendars, schedules, and travel documents relating to events attended by Buchanan, coordinated by Tillman. It also contains materials created by Tillman as the conference coordinator for the Liberty Fund and Center conferences and events.","Series 7: Jo Ann Burgess papers (1972-2014) contains files created by Jo Ann Burgess, administrative assistant and editor to Buchanan and secretary for the Public Choice Society. Subseries 7.1: Correspondence contains emails, letters, cards, notes, and memoranda, both personal and relating to Burgess' work with Buchanan and the Center for Study of Public Choice. Subseries 7.2: Office administration contains correspondence, calendars, notes, program files, and edited drafts created as part of Burgess' duties working for the Center for Study of Public Choice and as an assistant to Buchanan. Subseries 7.3: Liberty Fund editorial work contains planning documents, correspondence, and drafts created as part of Burgess' work editing  The Collected Works of James M. Buchanan  and  The Selected Works of Gordon Tullock  on behalf of the Liberty Fund. Subseries 7.4: Public Choice Society contains correspondence, conference planning documents, and administrative files created as part of Burgess' work as the secretary of the Public Choice Society, a professional organization. ","Series 8: Writings by others (1930-2014) contains articles, book drafts, and other writings by authors other than Buchanan. Some materials have notes and annotations. Some writings are about Buchanan and his ideas. ","Series 9: Audiovisual and born-digital materials (circa 1970s-2013) contains audiocassettes, videotapes, CDs, DVDs, floppy disks, and associated paper materials. Topics include recordings of the Nobel ceremony and press coverage; interviews and lectures by Buchanan and others and Center for Study of Public Choice events.","The biographical series contains information about James M. Buchanan's personal life, education, awards, and clippings of articles about him and his career. There are also materials kept by his wife, Ann Bakke Buchanan. The series is divided into four subseries: Ann Bakke Buchanan papers, Education, Awards, and Clippings. Additional materials not in subseries include personal photographs and Buchanan family history.","This subseries contains papers created by Ann Bakke Buchanan, James M. Buchanan's wife. Materials include correspondence, recipe cards, notebooks, calendars, and photographs. Some of the correspondence is in Norwegian, and some is addressed to both James and Ann as a couple. Recipe cards were removed from seven recipe card boxes and reboxed. Photographs of the original housing are available by request. Recipes are a mix of clippings and handwritten recipes from Ann Buchanan and her friends and relatives. Some recipes and notebooks are written in shorthand.","This subseries contains materials relating to awards Buchanan received during his career. The majority of the materials relate to the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics, but there are also materials about the National Humanities Medal and other awards. Types of material include newspaper clippings, congratulatory letters, photographs, and memorabilia.","Removed from Buchanan House display.","Removed from Buchanan House display","Removed from Buchanan House display","Removed from Buchanan House display","Removed from Buchanan House display.","Contains CD","This subseries contains materials related to Buchanan's education, mostly from his PhD study at the University of Chicago. Some materials appear to be compiled by a person other than Buchanan, since they predate his study at the University of Chicago. Types of materials include study notes, essays, syllabi, and research notes. This subseries includes notes from classes taught by Frank H. Knight and Milton Friedman.","Removed from Buchanan House display.","Appears to be notes from a student other than Buchanan","Removed from Buchanan House display","Removed from Buchanan House display.","Removed from Buchanan House display","This subseries contains newspaper and magazine clippings about Buchanan, including articles about his work, interviews, and reports on events he attended. Note that the clippings related to the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics are located in the Awards subseries. Clippings of articles written by Buchanan are located in the Writings series. Many clippings are in languages other than English.","The correspondence series contains letters, emails, memoranda, cards, and other forms of written communication sent to and received by Buchanan. The series is divided into two subseries: alphabetical correspondence and chronological correspondence. The bulk of the correspondence was filed alphabetically by correspondent or type of correspondence. A small amount of unrelated correspondence was grouped together in date ranges, likely by either Buchanan himself, or his assistants Betty Tillman and Jo Ann Burgess. The bulk of the correspondence in both subseries deals with Buchanan's professional career from his time at the University of Virginia until his retirement, including discussion of publications, manuscripts, events, and academic business. The bulk of the correspondence starts in 1950. There are very few letters prior to 1950. There is a photocopy of a letter from 1941 in Box 56 Folder 1 J. ","Note that some correspondence is located in their original filing location in other series Additional correspondence concerning Buchanan's writings is located in Series 3: Writings, foldered with its related work. Some correspondence relating to the Center for Study of Public Choice, grant applications, and academic departmental administration is located in Series 4: Academia. Some correspondence relating to events, conferences, and travel accommodations is located in Series 5: Professional Service, Subseries 1: Conferences and events. Buchanan's email was handled by Betty Tillman and Jo Ann Burgess, and much of his email is located in Series 6: Betty Tillman papers, Subseries 3: Office administration, and Series 7: Jo Ann Burgess papers, Subseries 2: Office administration. Check the relevant series and subseries notes for additional information.","Alphabetical correspondence is correspondence filed alphabetically by subject, by the surname of the correspondent, or by the name of the organization. Filing was likely done by Betty Tillman. Some correspondence is grouped under a single letter, for example, a folder titled \"A\" contains multiple correspondents and organizations that start with the letter A. Some are grouped in a range of letters, for example, a folder title \"E-F\" contains correspondents starting with either E or F. It is unclear why some were filed out into individual folders and others were left in large files under a single letter or letter range. Note that there are some issues with the original filing, for example the surname \"da Empoli\" is sometimes filed under D and sometimes under E. Sometimes letters discussing a person are filed under that person's surname, and sometimes under the surname of the person requesting the information. Additionally, previous processors filed out some correspondence into individual folders. No additional re-filing was done under the NEH grant.","Flagged item restricted for personally identifiable information.","Folder created by Buchanan in April 2007. Contains personal and professional correspondence from 1966-1999.","Folder restricted due to FERPA.","Contains media: photographs","Restriction: FERPA and PII restriction.","Bulk of the folder is correspondents \"D.\" Includes some letters from J. Clayburn LaForce.","contains note: \"Removed from 'The Power of Freedom: Uniting Human Rights and Development' by processing archivist 2021-09-09'","Potential preservation concerns (fading)","Folder restricted until 2033 due to recommendation letter","Flagged item restricted until 2027 due to recommendation.","Folder restricted for letters of recommendation","Folder restricted for letters of recommednation and FERPA.","Flagged items restricted for letters of recommendation and FERPA.","Flagged item restricted for personally identifiable information.","Restricted for bank account information","Flagged item restricted for personally identifiable information.","Flagged item restricted for FERPA","Flagged items restricted for FERPA and personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted for letters of recommendation","Flagged items restricted for letters of recommendation","Flagged items restricted for personnel information.","Flagged items restricted for letters of recommendation","Flagged items restricted for letters of recommendation","Flagged items restricted for letters of recommendation","Flagged items restricted for letters of recommendation","Flagged item restricted for FERPA.","Flagged items restricted for letters of recommendation","Flagged items restricted for letters of recommendation","Flagged item restricted for FERPA","Contains photocopies of two 1941 letters from Buchanan to a professor","Flagged item restricted for letter of recommendation; restricted until 2032","Folder restricted for FERPA","Flagged item restricted for letter of recommendation until 2028.","includes correspondence from Warren Samuels and John McKinney","Flagged item restricted for letter of recommendation","Flagged items restricted until 2024 for letters of recommendation","Flagged item restricted until 2027 for letter of recommendation","Flagged item restricted until 2036 for letter of recommendation","Folder restricted until 2044 for letter of recommendation","Flagged items restricted until 2024-2026 for letters of recommendation.","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.","Flagged item restricted for bank account information","Flagged items restricted until 2024-2026 for letters of recommendation.","Flagged items restricted until 2037 for letters of recommendation.","Oversize item","contains photographs","Oversize item","Folder restricted for FERPA.","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.","Contains photographs","Flagged items restricted for FERPA","Contains photograph and CD","Flagged items restricted for FERPA. Contains photographs.","Contains photograph.","Flagged item restricted for personally identifiable information.","Flagged item restricted for personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted until 2025 for letters of recommendation.","Flagged item restricted until 2034 for letter of recommendation.","Flagged item restricted for personally identifiable information.","Flagged item restricted for personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted until 2027 for letter of recommendation.","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.","Flagged item restricted for personally identifiable information.","Flagged item restricted utnil 2028 for letter of recommendation.","Contains photographs","Flagged item restricted until 2038 for personally identifiable information.","Flagged item restricted until 2038 for personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted until 2023 and 2026 for letter of recommendation.","Flagged item restricted until 2052 for letter of recommendation.","Folder restricted until 2044 for letter of reference.","Folder restricted until 2046 for letter of reference.","Folder restricted for FERPA.","Folder restricted until 2024-2025 for letters of reference.","Folder restricted until 2024-2028 for letters of reference.","Folder restricted until 2026-2036 for letters of reference.","Folder restricted until 2028-2030 for letters of reference.","Folder restricted until 2030-2032 for letters of reference.","Folder restricted until 2030-2033 for letters of reference","Folder restricted until 2030-2033 for letters of reference","Folder restricted until 2034 for letters of reference.Flagged items restricted due to FERPA.","Folder restricted until 2034-2036 for letters of reference.","Folder restricted until 2035-2038 for letters of reference.","Folder restricted until 2037-2039 for letters of reference.","Folder restricted until 2038 for letters of reference.","Folder restricted until 2039-2041 for letters of reference.","Folder restricted until 2039-2041 for letters of reference.","Folder restricted for FERPA","Contains photograph","Oversize \"Buchanan Expedition\" map of the United States with highlighted road trips","Removed from binder","Folder restricted for FERPA.","Folder restricted for FERPA.","Folder restricted until 2037 for letter of recommendation.","Contains correspondence with Ross Mackenzie of The Richmond News Leader, E.J. Mishan, Roland McKean, James C. Miller III, and others","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Flagged item restricted for personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Chronological correspondence is unrelated correspondence from a certain date range that was filed together in a single folder. It is unclear why this correspondence was not filed out alphabetically. Chronological correspondence from 1987 onwards seems to have been kept by Jo Ann Burgess and never officially filed into designated folders. These folders include correspondence from Buchanan on topics across his work, with a focus on publications and events and travel. There are also assorted office administration materials handled by Burgess in these folders. Topics of the chronological correspondence and the correspondents seem to be similar to that of the alphabetical correspondence.","Includes Ronald Reagan form letter","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","The writings series contains drafts, typescripts, photocopies, notes, and reprints of Buchanan's books, articles, speaking lectures, and unpublished material. There are also research files relating to some of his writing projects, and some correspondence with publishers, coauthors, and reviewers. The series is filed alphabetically by title of the work. Note that some of Buchanan's works went by multiple titles in the draft stage, and may not be filed together as a result. Some papers presented by Buchanan at conferences or given as lectures are located in Series 5: Professional services Subseries 1: Conferences and events.","Jo Ann Burgess acted as an editor for much of Buchanan's writings from the 1990s and 2000s. There are edited copies and drafts of some of Buchanan's writings, notably  Politics by Principle, Not Interest ,  The Return to Increasing Returns , and  Post-Socialist Political Economy  in Series 7: Jo Ann Burgess papers, Subseries 2: Office administration. The bulk of the materials relating to  The Collected Works of James M. Buchanan  are located in Series 7: Jo Ann Burgess papers, Subseries 3: Liberty Fund editorial work, as Burgess kept the files for that project.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Note: work also titled \"Work supply under Increasing Returns\"","various titles","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","This series contains materials relating to Buchanan's work at various universities, notably University of Virginia, Virginia Polytechnic Institute (VPI or Virginia Tech), and George Mason University. The series is divided into five subseries: Administration, Teaching, Grants, Thomas Jefferson Center for Studies in Political Economy, and Center for Study of Public Choice.","This subseries contains reports, memoranda, correspondence, CVs, photographs, calendars, and planning documents relating to Buchanan's work at various universities, primarily Virginia Polytechnic Institute (also known as Virginia Tech or VPI) and George Mason University. Topics include economics department functioning and planning, Buchanan's academic output, schedules, and university events and policies. The subseries is arranged chronologically.","Many of the administrative aspects of Buchanan's work were handled by Betty Tillman and Jo Ann Burgess. Series 6: Betty Tillman papers, Subseries 2: Office administration and Series 7: Jo Ann Burgess papers, Subseries 2: Office administration contain much related material.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA and personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA and personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.","Originally part of Buchanan House display","This subseries contains lecture notes, drafts, syllabi, exams, and readings relating to classes taught by Buchanan over the course of his career. Buchanan would often present his own draft works to students for comment, so some of his draft writings are in this subseries. The subseries is arranged chronologically. Materials created by or relating to specific students are restricted due to the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA).","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Includes correspondence discussed in lecture notes","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA and personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA and personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA and personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA","Flagged items restricted for FERPA","Flagged items restricted for FERPA","Flagged items restricted for FERPA","Flagged items restricted for FERPA","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted for FERPA","Flagged items restricted for FERPA","Flagged items restricted for FERPA","This subseries contains correspondence and applications for grant projects undertaken by Buchanan and collaborators. Specific granting agencies include the National Science Foundation, the Ford Foundation, and others. Grants were primarily written for funding research projects in economics, specifically in public choice. Grants that were undertaken to fund operations of the Center for Study of Public Choice are found in Subseries 5: Center for Study of Public Choice. Some correspondence with granting agencies is located in Series 2: Correspondence. The subseries is arranged chronologically.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","This subseries contains annual reports, photographs, and correspondence relating to the University of Virginia's Thomas Jefferson Center for Studies in Political Economy. Buchanan was a co-founder of the Center. The Center was active from 1958 to 1968. There is also information relating to  Papers on Non-Market Decision Making , a journal founded by the Center that later became  Public Choice . The subseries is arranged chronologically.","Item originally part of Buchanan House Display","Item originally part of Buchanan House Display","Item originally part of Buchanan House Display","This subseries contains annual reports, conference information, grants, planning documents, board meeting minutes, and correspondence relating the Center for Study of Public Choice, an academic unit founded at Virginia Polytechnic Institute in 1968. The Center was moved to George Mason University in July 1983 and continues operations there as of 2023. The subseries contains correspondence and planning documents from multiple directors of the Center, including Robert Tollison, David Levy, Mark Crain, and others. There are also materials relating to the Public Choice Society prior to Jo Ann Burgess' time as the Public Choice Society administrator, approximately 2003. The subseries is arranged chronologically.","Betty Tillman was the administrative director of the Center in the 1990s and 2000s, and many Center materials can be found in in Series 6: Betty Tillman papers, especially in Subseries 1: Correspondence and Subseries 2: Office administration. Center tasks were also sometimes a part of the duties of Jo Ann Burgess, and some Center material can be found in Series 7: Jo Ann Burgess papers, especially Subseries 1: Correspondence and Subseries 2: Office administration. ","Flagged items restricted for FERPA","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information and FERPA","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information and FERPA","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information and FERPA","Flagged items restricted for FERPA","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Donor is anonymous by request. Publication of the donor information in conjunction with the Center for Study of Public Choice is not permitted.","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Originally part of Buchanan House display.","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted for FERPA","Originally part of Buchanan House display.","Originally part of Buchanan House display.","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information and FERPA","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information and FERPA","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","This series contains materials relating to Buchanan's professional activities outside of his university and Center for Study of Public Choice responsibilities. The series is divided into two subseries: Conferences and events, and Consulting and organizations. The series is arranged chronologically.","This subseries contains correspondence, schedules, planning documents, papers and lecture notes, and travel documents from conferences, speaking engagements, and other events attended by Buchanan during his career. This subseries also contains materials related to conferences organized by Buchanan or Betty Tillman, often in partnership with the Liberty Fund. Note that the subseries is arranged chronologically by date of the materials that exist in the folder, not by date of the conference or event. Event planning could stretch to a year or two before the event took place, especially for events occurring in the first half of the calendar year. ","Tillman was responsible for scheduling and organizing much of Buchanan's travel, especially after he received the Nobel Prize in 1986. Similar files kept by Tillman on Buchanan's travel and event attendance are located in Series 6: Betty Tillman papers, Subseries 3: Conferences, events and travel.","Contains book reviews of  Cost and Choice  and  Academia in Anarchy.","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.","Originally part of Buchanan House display.","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.","Originally part of Buchanan House display","Originally part of Buchanan House display","Originally part of Buchanan House display","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.","Originally part of Buchanan House display.","Originally part of Buchanan House display.","Originally part of Buchanan House display.","Originally part of Buchanan House display.","Originally part of Buchanan House display.","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.","Originally part of Buchanan House display.","Originally part of Buchanan House display.","Originally part of Buchanan House display.","Originally part of Buchanan House display.","Originally part of Buchanan House display.","Originally part of Buchanan House display.","Originally part of Buchanan House display.","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.","Contains zip disk and 3.5' floppy disk.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Originally part of Buchanan House display","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.","Originally part of Buchanan House display","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.","This subseries contains committee meeting notes, annual reports, and correspondence relating to Buchanan's work with various outside organizations. Buchanan served on boards for some organizations, including the Mont Pelerin Society. Those records are mostly found here, although some conference organizing material for the Mont Pelerin Society and Liberty Fund is located in Subseries 1: Conferences and events. The subseries is arranged chronologically.","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Betty Tillman was an administrative assistant for James M. Buchanan and the Center for Study of Public Choice from 1962 to 2007. Her work included typing Buchanan's correspondence, scheduling his travel and conference events, and liaising with publishers and outside parties on Buchanan's behalf. As a member of the Center and eventual administrative director, she made arrangements for the visiting scholars program, managed personnel, kept financial records, and coordinated events and conferences, among many other duties. As her work was integral to Buchanan's and the Center, her papers are somewhat integrated with Buchanan's and the Center papers as well. In the course of processing, some of her papers were able to be identified as a discrete series. ","Tillman's papers are divided into three subseries: Correspondence; Office administration; and Conferences, events and travel.","This subseries contains letters, emails, memoranda, and cards sent and received by Betty Tillman. Work correspondence includes topics such as event organization, visiting scholars program, and other Center for Study of Public Choice business. There is also personal correspondence belonging to Tillman in the subseries. There are also notes from Buchanan to Tillman, mostly about administrative matters. Note that Tillman printed out most of email she received, and in many cases did not file it out by correspondent or subject. Correspondence is filed alphabetically by subject, by the surname of the correspondent, by the name of the organization, or by the type of correspondence.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","includes floppy disc","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted for FERPA","Flagged items restricted for FERPA","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted due to personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted due to personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted due to personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted due to personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted due to personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted due to personally identifiable information","Contains photograph","Flagged items restricted due to personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted due to personally identifiable information","This subseries contains planning documents, scheduling documents, meeting minutes, and notes relating to Tillman's handling of Buchanan's and Center for the Study of Public Choice office functions. Note that there is correspondence belonging to Buchanan that was handled by Tillman and not filed out. Similarly, pending and working files contain correspondence, schedules, notices, invoices, and other documents that Tillman did not file out into their own completed folders. The subseries is arranged alphabetically.","Flagged items restricted due to personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted due to personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted due to personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted due to personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted due to personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted due to personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted due to personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted due to personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted due to personally identifiable information","There are no restrictions on access, but reproductions of material in this folder are restricted","Flagged items restricted due to personally identifiable information and FERPA","Flagged items restricted due to FERPA","Flagged items restricted due to personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted due to personally identifiable information and FERPA","Flagged items restricted due to personally identifiable information and FERPA","Flagged items restricted due to personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted due to personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted due to personally identifiable information and FERPA.","Flagged items restricted due to personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted due to FERPA","Flagged items restricted due to personally identifiable information","This subseries contains files on events attended by Buchanan. Tillman was responsible for Buchanan's schedule, especially after Buchanan received the Nobel Prize in 1986 when she became his official agent. Types of material include correspondence, calendars, schedules, and travel documents. Similar files that may have been kept by Buchanan are located in Series 5: Professional Service, Subseries 1: Conferences and events.","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted due to personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted due to personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted due to personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted due to personally identifiable information","Jo Ann Burgess was an administrative assistant at the Center for Study of Public Choice from 1989 to 2014. She was responsible for the library at the Center and for the management of Buchanan's papers. Additionally, she was the secretary for the Public Choice Society and edited much of Buchanan's published works in the 1990s and 2000s, notably  The Collected Works of James M. Buchanan , published by the Liberty Fund. As her work was closely tied to Buchanan's and the Center, her papers are somewhat integrated with Buchanan's and the Center papers. In the course of processing, some of her papers were able to be identified as a discrete series.","There are four subseries: Correspondence; Office administration; Liberty Fund editorial work; and Public Choice Society.","This subseries contains emails, letters, cards, notes, and memoranda, both personal and relating to Burgess' work with Buchanan at the Center for Study of Public Choice. The subseries is arranged alphabetically.","Flagged items restricted due to FERPA","This subseries contains materials created as part of Burgess' duties working for the Center for Study of Public Choice and as an assistant to Buchanan. It includes edited copies of Buchanan's writings; emails; correspondence written on behalf of Buchanan; calendars; Buchanan's class materials; notes; visiting scholars program files, and working files. Working files are groupings of papers that Burgess never filed out into separate folders. They are combinations of emails, schedules, memoranda, writings drafts, invoices, and other administrative papers. The subseries is arranged alphabetically.","Folder restricted due to personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted for financial information.","Flagged items restricted for financial and personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted for financial information.","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Folder restricted due to FERPA.","Folder restricted due to FERPA.","Folder restricted due to FERPA.","Folder restricted due to FERPA.","Folder contains a CD of Betty Tillman photographs","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.","Contains CD","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.","Folder restricted due to FERPA.","The family name is Ma and personal name is Jun. It was originally misfiled by Burgess with the family name as Jun and the personal name as Ma.","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.","Folder includes handwritten draft of \"Panglosian Politics\"","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Folder includes a 3.5\" floppy disk.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Flagged items restricted due to FERPA.","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Folder restricted due to FERPA.","Folder restricted due to FERPA.","This subseries contains materials created as part of Burgess' work editing  The Collected Works of James M. Buchanan  and  The Selected Works of Gordon Tullock . It includes editorial committee notes and memoranda; lists of contents; correspondence; edited typescripts; permissions requests; planning documents; drafts; and working files. The subseries is arranged alphabetically. The large majority of the materials are related to  The Collected Works of James M. Buchanan , materials related to  The Selected Works of Gordon Tullock  are noted separately. The subseries is arranged alphabetically.","This subseries contains materials relating to the Public Choice Society, a professional organization for scholars from any academic discipline interested in public choice. Burgess was the secretary for the Public Choice Society from 1989 from 2014. Materials include correspondence, conference planning documents, and administrative files created as part of Burgess' work with the Society. The subseries is arranged chronologically.","Flagged items restricted for financial information.","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted for financial information.","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted for financial information.","This series contains articles, books, and other writings by authors other than Buchanan. Some materials have notes and annotations. Some materials contain correspondence with the authors. Some writings are about Buchanan and his ideas. Some writings were filed by author, others were in folders containing writings from multiple different authors. No additional filing out of writings was done under the NEH grant. The series is arranged alphabetically by surname of author. Materials where Buchanan is a coauthor are found in Series 3: Writings.","Back cover has penciled notes of James Buchanan's on joint supply","contains annotations by Buchanan","Includes the Foundations for Normative Individulism by James Buchanan.","Original discarded due to mold damage.","Scope Note: heavily annotated by Buchanan","This series contains audiocassettes, videotapes, CDs, DVDs, floppy disks, and associated paper materials. Audiovisual material topics include recordings of the Nobel ceremony and press coverage; interviews and lectures by Buchanan and others; television appearances; programs of related interest to Buchanan; and Center for Study of Public Choice events. Born-digital material topics include Center photographs and drafts of writings. Materials are arranged by format, and then chronologically.","Some materials have been digitized. Please contact speccoll@gmu.edu to ensure that the specific materials you are interested in viewing are able to be accessed.","Issue of  The Wall Street Journal , December 21, 1992 removed and housed in Box 543.","The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)","The James M. Buchanan papers consist of materials created primarily by economist James M. Buchanan (1919-2013) from the years 1936-2014. There are also materials created by the Center for Study of Public Choice, an academic unit associated with Virginia Tech (1969-1983) and George Mason University (1983-). The papers document Buchanan's career and academic output, primarily in the field of public choice economics and political economy.","\nR 101 - 102\n\nOS R 1, C 3, S 3-5\nMap Case 24.1","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","George Mason University. Center for Study of Public Choice","Public Choice Society","Buchanan, Ann Bakke","Buchanan, James M.","Burgess, Jo Ann S.","Tillman, Betty H.","The bulk of the materials are in English. Additional languages in the collection include German, Italian, French, Spanish, Norwegian, Dutch, Turkish, Japanese, Korean, and Chinese."],"unitid_tesim":["C0246","/repositories/2/resources/367"],"normalized_title_ssm":["James M. Buchanan papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["James M. Buchanan papers"],"collection_ssim":["James M. Buchanan papers"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"creator_ssm":["Buchanan, Ann Bakke","Buchanan, James M.","Burgess, Jo Ann S.","Tillman, Betty H."],"creator_ssim":["Buchanan, Ann Bakke","Buchanan, James M.","Burgess, Jo Ann S.","Tillman, Betty H."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Buchanan, Ann Bakke","Buchanan, James M.","Burgess, Jo Ann S.","Tillman, Betty H."],"creators_ssim":["Buchanan, Ann Bakke","Buchanan, James M.","Burgess, Jo Ann S.","Tillman, Betty H."],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Acquired by George Mason University Special Collections Research Center in September 2016. Additional materials acquired in April 2021."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Economics","Economists -- United States","Nobel Prize winners","Social choice","Correspondence","Manuscripts","Typescripts","Video recordings"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Economics","Economists -- United States","Nobel Prize winners","Social choice","Correspondence","Manuscripts","Typescripts","Video recordings"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["270 Linear Feet 546 boxes, one map case"],"extent_tesim":["270 Linear Feet 546 boxes, one map case"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence","Manuscripts","Typescripts","Video recordings"],"date_range_isim":[1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\nCertain materials in the collection are restricted due to FERPA requirements and personally identifiable information. Letters of recommendation are restricted for 40 years from creation. Please see inventory for details.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMost of the materials in Series 9 were digitized. Please reach out to SCRC to access these materials.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere are no other access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAll If your request requires more research support, we recommend hiring someone to assist you on-site. Remote digitization requests will be evaluated based on the material content and our ability to provide copies.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["\nCertain materials in the collection are restricted due to FERPA requirements and personally identifiable information. Letters of recommendation are restricted for 40 years from creation. Please see inventory for details.\n","Most of the materials in Series 9 were digitized. Please reach out to SCRC to access these materials.","There are no other access restrictions.","All If your request requires more research support, we recommend hiring someone to assist you on-site. Remote digitization requests will be evaluated based on the material content and our ability to provide copies."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged in nine series.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003chead\u003eSeries\u003c/head\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 1: Biographical materials\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 2: Correspondence\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 3: Writings\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 4: Academia\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 5: Professional service\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 6: Betty Tillman papers\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 7: Jo Ann Burgess papers\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 8: Writings by others\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 9: Audiovisual and born-digital materials\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged in nine series.","Series Series 1: Biographical materials Series 2: Correspondence Series 3: Writings Series 4: Academia Series 5: Professional service Series 6: Betty Tillman papers Series 7: Jo Ann Burgess papers Series 8: Writings by others Series 9: Audiovisual and born-digital materials"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJames McGill Buchanan, Jr. was born on October 3, 1919 in Gum, Tennessee to Lila Scott (1889-1953) and James McGill Buchanan, Sr. (1888-1979). He had two younger sisters, Lila Scott Buchanan Graue (1922-2020) and Elizabeth Bradley. His paternal grandfather, John P. Buchanan (1847-1930), was a one-term governor of Tennessee from 1891 to 1893. James M. Buchanan attended Buchanan High School. He triple-majored in English, mathematics, and economics at Middle Tennessee State University from 1936 to 1940. He received a Master's of the Arts in economics from the University of Tennessee, Knoxville in 1941. Buchanan then attended the Naval War College and served on the operations staff of Admiral Chester W. Nimitz from 1941 to 1945. In that role, he was stationed in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, and Guam. He met his wife, Ann Bakke (August 21, 1909-November 14, 2005) in 1943. She was born in Jamestown, North Dakota. She served with the Army Air Transport Command at Hickham Field, Oahu. In 1945 the couple married in San Francisco, California. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFrom 1946 to 1948 Buchanan attended the University of Chicago, where he graduated with a Ph.D. in economics. After graduation, he taught at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville as an associate professor from 1948 to 1951, and then as a full professor at Florida State University, Tallahassee from 1951 to 1956. In 1955 he was awarded a Fulbright fellowship to study in Italy for a year. In 1956 he was hired at the University of Virginia as the chair of the economics department. It was there that he co-founded the Thomas Jefferson Center for Studies in Political Economy in 1958. That same year, he published \u003ctitle\u003ePublic Principles of Public Debt\u003c/title\u003e. In 1962, Buchanan and co-author Gordon Tullock published \u003ctitle\u003eThe Calculus of Consent\u003c/title\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBuchanan worked at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) for one academic year (1968-1969) as a professor of economics. In 1969 he was hired at Virginia Polytechnic Institute (VPI, now known as Virginia Tech), as a University Distinguished Professor. He became general director of the Center for Study of Public Choice, the successor institution to the Thomas Jefferson Center for Political Economy. Buchanan continued to publish books during his time at VPI, including \u003ctitle\u003eCost and Choice\u003c/title\u003e (1969), \u003ctitle\u003eAcademia in Anarchy\u003c/title\u003e with Nicos Devletoglou (1970), \u003ctitle\u003eThe Limits of Liberty\u003c/title\u003e (1975), and \u003ctitle\u003eThe Power to Tax\u003c/title\u003e with Geoffrey Brennan (1980). \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1983, Buchanan and the Center for the Study of Public Choice moved from VPI to George Mason University in Fairfax, Virginia. After the move, he split his time between Fairfax and his farm in Blacksburg, Virginia. In 1986, Buchanan was awarded the Nobel Memorial Prize in economics. While at Mason, he published \u003ctitle\u003eThe Reason of Rules\u003c/title\u003e (1985), \u003ctitle\u003eBetter than Plowing\u003c/title\u003e (1992), and \u003ctitle\u003ePolitics by Principle, Not Interest\u003c/title\u003e with Roger Congleton (1998). He formally retired from Mason in September 1999 but continued to work both at Mason and Virginia Tech until his death on January 9, 2013. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBuchanan was known for his contribution to the field of public choice, which uses economic principles to analyze the rules and actions of government and public sector. It was this theory which led to his Nobel award. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBorn on March 19, 1927, Betty Jane Hall Tillman (also known as Betty Ross from 1977 to 1984) received an associate's degree from The Jefferson School of Commerce at Charlottesville, Virginia in 1945. She worked for Buchanan at the University of Virginia from August 14, 1961 to August 1969, at VPI from September 1, 1969 to June 1983, and at George Mason University from July 1, 1983 until her retirement in April 2007. Tillman had multiple responsibilities including handling Buchanan's correspondence, scheduling his events, coordinating Liberty Fund conferences, organizing activities at the Center for Study of Public Choice, and assisting graduate students and faculty associated with the Center. At the time of her retirement her position was administrative director of the Center for Study of Public Choice. She had three children. Tillman died on October 2, 2013.  \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJo Ann Burgess was born on June 27, 1948. She began work at the Center for the Study of Public Choice at George Mason University in 1989. Previously, Burgess lived around the world working for the State Department and the U.S military. She had four children with her husband, Roger. Burgess had many varied responsibilities at the Center including organizing Buchanan's archival papers, and administrative duties for the Public Choice Society. She edited Buchanan's published work in the 1990s and 2000s, including editing \u003ctitle\u003eThe Collected Works of James Buchanan\u003c/title\u003e and \u003ctitle\u003eThe Selected Works of Gordon Tullock\u003c/title\u003e for the Liberty Fund. After Tillman's retirement, Burgess took on additional responsibilities related to handling Buchanan's correspondence and scheduling, and additional administrative duties at the Center. Burgess retired in the summer of 2014. She died on March 19, 2020.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAnn Gladys Bakke was born on August 21, 1909 in Jamestown, North Dakota to a Norwegian-born father, Andrew (1879-?), and a second-generation Norwegian immigrant, Hilda Kjorness (1882/3-1973). She had four siblings: Orval (also written Orville, 1908-1987), Clara Jensvold (1910-1998), Arthur (1915-1989), and Erling (1924-1945). Bakke worked as a stenographer in Jamestown until at least 1932. She was living in Fargo, N.D. in 1935 and Washington, D.C. in 1940. During World War II, Bakke served with the Army Air Transport Command at Hickham Field, Oahu. During this time, she met James Buchanan and the two were married in 1945 in San Francisco, California. She supported Buchanan financially during his graduate study at the University of Chicago. She died at their home in Blacksburg, Va., on November 14, 2005.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical and Historical Information","Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["James McGill Buchanan, Jr. was born on October 3, 1919 in Gum, Tennessee to Lila Scott (1889-1953) and James McGill Buchanan, Sr. (1888-1979). He had two younger sisters, Lila Scott Buchanan Graue (1922-2020) and Elizabeth Bradley. His paternal grandfather, John P. Buchanan (1847-1930), was a one-term governor of Tennessee from 1891 to 1893. James M. Buchanan attended Buchanan High School. He triple-majored in English, mathematics, and economics at Middle Tennessee State University from 1936 to 1940. He received a Master's of the Arts in economics from the University of Tennessee, Knoxville in 1941. Buchanan then attended the Naval War College and served on the operations staff of Admiral Chester W. Nimitz from 1941 to 1945. In that role, he was stationed in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, and Guam. He met his wife, Ann Bakke (August 21, 1909-November 14, 2005) in 1943. She was born in Jamestown, North Dakota. She served with the Army Air Transport Command at Hickham Field, Oahu. In 1945 the couple married in San Francisco, California. ","From 1946 to 1948 Buchanan attended the University of Chicago, where he graduated with a Ph.D. in economics. After graduation, he taught at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville as an associate professor from 1948 to 1951, and then as a full professor at Florida State University, Tallahassee from 1951 to 1956. In 1955 he was awarded a Fulbright fellowship to study in Italy for a year. In 1956 he was hired at the University of Virginia as the chair of the economics department. It was there that he co-founded the Thomas Jefferson Center for Studies in Political Economy in 1958. That same year, he published  Public Principles of Public Debt . In 1962, Buchanan and co-author Gordon Tullock published  The Calculus of Consent . ","Buchanan worked at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) for one academic year (1968-1969) as a professor of economics. In 1969 he was hired at Virginia Polytechnic Institute (VPI, now known as Virginia Tech), as a University Distinguished Professor. He became general director of the Center for Study of Public Choice, the successor institution to the Thomas Jefferson Center for Political Economy. Buchanan continued to publish books during his time at VPI, including  Cost and Choice  (1969),  Academia in Anarchy  with Nicos Devletoglou (1970),  The Limits of Liberty  (1975), and  The Power to Tax  with Geoffrey Brennan (1980). ","In 1983, Buchanan and the Center for the Study of Public Choice moved from VPI to George Mason University in Fairfax, Virginia. After the move, he split his time between Fairfax and his farm in Blacksburg, Virginia. In 1986, Buchanan was awarded the Nobel Memorial Prize in economics. While at Mason, he published  The Reason of Rules  (1985),  Better than Plowing  (1992), and  Politics by Principle, Not Interest  with Roger Congleton (1998). He formally retired from Mason in September 1999 but continued to work both at Mason and Virginia Tech until his death on January 9, 2013. ","Buchanan was known for his contribution to the field of public choice, which uses economic principles to analyze the rules and actions of government and public sector. It was this theory which led to his Nobel award. ","Born on March 19, 1927, Betty Jane Hall Tillman (also known as Betty Ross from 1977 to 1984) received an associate's degree from The Jefferson School of Commerce at Charlottesville, Virginia in 1945. She worked for Buchanan at the University of Virginia from August 14, 1961 to August 1969, at VPI from September 1, 1969 to June 1983, and at George Mason University from July 1, 1983 until her retirement in April 2007. Tillman had multiple responsibilities including handling Buchanan's correspondence, scheduling his events, coordinating Liberty Fund conferences, organizing activities at the Center for Study of Public Choice, and assisting graduate students and faculty associated with the Center. At the time of her retirement her position was administrative director of the Center for Study of Public Choice. She had three children. Tillman died on October 2, 2013.  ","Jo Ann Burgess was born on June 27, 1948. She began work at the Center for the Study of Public Choice at George Mason University in 1989. Previously, Burgess lived around the world working for the State Department and the U.S military. She had four children with her husband, Roger. Burgess had many varied responsibilities at the Center including organizing Buchanan's archival papers, and administrative duties for the Public Choice Society. She edited Buchanan's published work in the 1990s and 2000s, including editing  The Collected Works of James Buchanan  and  The Selected Works of Gordon Tullock  for the Liberty Fund. After Tillman's retirement, Burgess took on additional responsibilities related to handling Buchanan's correspondence and scheduling, and additional administrative duties at the Center. Burgess retired in the summer of 2014. She died on March 19, 2020.","Ann Gladys Bakke was born on August 21, 1909 in Jamestown, North Dakota to a Norwegian-born father, Andrew (1879-?), and a second-generation Norwegian immigrant, Hilda Kjorness (1882/3-1973). She had four siblings: Orval (also written Orville, 1908-1987), Clara Jensvold (1910-1998), Arthur (1915-1989), and Erling (1924-1945). Bakke worked as a stenographer in Jamestown until at least 1932. She was living in Fargo, N.D. in 1935 and Washington, D.C. in 1940. During World War II, Bakke served with the Army Air Transport Command at Hickham Field, Oahu. During this time, she met James Buchanan and the two were married in 1945 in San Francisco, California. She supported Buchanan financially during his graduate study at the University of Chicago. She died at their home in Blacksburg, Va., on November 14, 2005."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJames M. Buchanan papers, C0246, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFile\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFile\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["James M. Buchanan papers, C0246, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.","File","File"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection was processed by Rebecca Thayer as part of a National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH) grant project from March 2021 to March 2023.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInitial processing of the collection was begun after James M. Buchanan's death in 2013, while the papers were at Buchanan House (also known as Roberts House), where the offices of Buchanan, Betty Tillman, Jo Ann Burgess, and the Center for Study of Public Choice were then located. Processing at this time was done by Greta Suiter, then-Processing Coordinator at the Special Collections Research Center (SCRC), and Solomon Stein, then-economics PhD student at Mason. Stein and Suiter established an initial arrangement scheme and began foldering and sorting materials accordingly. Elizabeth Beckman, then-Processing Coordinator, continued arrangement and refoldering work alongside Stein at Buchanan House from 2014 to 2016. 145 linear feet of materials were ultimately arranged during this time. The following series were created: Correspondence, Academic (Subseries: Courses taken and Courses taught), Conferences (Subseries: Conferences attended and Conferences held), Writings, Articles Read, and Administrative.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMaterials were boxed up and brought to Fenwick in Spring 2017. Beckman completed EAD markup of a preliminary finding aid with the processed materials in June 2017. Processing was paused in 2017 to apply for a NEH grant to hire a dedicated processing archivist. The grant was approved to start in 2020 but was delayed for several months due to the COVID-19 pandemic.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRebecca Thayer was hired in March 2021 to process the collection. She surveyed the arranged part of the collection (145 linear feet) and the unprocessed part (147 linear feet) to create a processing plan. This plan included adjustments to the original arrangement scheme based on material in the unprocessed section of the papers. A large number of the eventual Jo Ann Burgess papers series materials were in the unprocessed section of the collection, although the unprocessed section did contain materials from all series. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe prior arrangement scheme did not preserve Tillman and Burgess' files as discrete series, so it is likely that some materials created by Tillman or Burgess were dispersed into the various other series. Some materials in the correspondence series especially which were obviously correspondence involving only Tillman, Burgess, or Ann Bakke Buchanan, were removed to their respective series and subseries. However, Thayer did not attempt a systematic review of materials in other series such as Professional Services and Academia in order to separate out Tillman and Burgess-created files from Buchanan-created files. This has resulted in some significant overlap between those series and the Betty Tillman papers and Jo Ann Burgess papers series. This does reflect the significant overlap in work responsibilities of Tillman, Burgess, Buchanan, and the Center as seen in the materials. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProcessors prior to the NEH grant appear to have filed out materials that were originally grouped in large miscellaneous folders. Buchanan, Tillman, and Burgess do not seem to have created many files with only one or two emails or letters, preferring larger bulk folders. However, in the collection there are now many individual folders with correspondents that seem to have been created from larger files. No additional filing out of material was done under the NEH grant.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThayer arranged the unprocessed materials and reprocessed the previously arranged materials, combining the two. Mason Graduate Research Assistant Rachel Barton and undergraduate assistants Colin McDonald and Vilma Chicas Garcia assisted with arrangement, reboxing, and inventory creation. Amanda Menjivar, Manuscripts and Archives Librarian, assisted with finding aid data entry and publishing.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["This collection was processed by Rebecca Thayer as part of a National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH) grant project from March 2021 to March 2023.","Initial processing of the collection was begun after James M. Buchanan's death in 2013, while the papers were at Buchanan House (also known as Roberts House), where the offices of Buchanan, Betty Tillman, Jo Ann Burgess, and the Center for Study of Public Choice were then located. Processing at this time was done by Greta Suiter, then-Processing Coordinator at the Special Collections Research Center (SCRC), and Solomon Stein, then-economics PhD student at Mason. Stein and Suiter established an initial arrangement scheme and began foldering and sorting materials accordingly. Elizabeth Beckman, then-Processing Coordinator, continued arrangement and refoldering work alongside Stein at Buchanan House from 2014 to 2016. 145 linear feet of materials were ultimately arranged during this time. The following series were created: Correspondence, Academic (Subseries: Courses taken and Courses taught), Conferences (Subseries: Conferences attended and Conferences held), Writings, Articles Read, and Administrative.","Materials were boxed up and brought to Fenwick in Spring 2017. Beckman completed EAD markup of a preliminary finding aid with the processed materials in June 2017. Processing was paused in 2017 to apply for a NEH grant to hire a dedicated processing archivist. The grant was approved to start in 2020 but was delayed for several months due to the COVID-19 pandemic.","Rebecca Thayer was hired in March 2021 to process the collection. She surveyed the arranged part of the collection (145 linear feet) and the unprocessed part (147 linear feet) to create a processing plan. This plan included adjustments to the original arrangement scheme based on material in the unprocessed section of the papers. A large number of the eventual Jo Ann Burgess papers series materials were in the unprocessed section of the collection, although the unprocessed section did contain materials from all series. ","The prior arrangement scheme did not preserve Tillman and Burgess' files as discrete series, so it is likely that some materials created by Tillman or Burgess were dispersed into the various other series. Some materials in the correspondence series especially which were obviously correspondence involving only Tillman, Burgess, or Ann Bakke Buchanan, were removed to their respective series and subseries. However, Thayer did not attempt a systematic review of materials in other series such as Professional Services and Academia in order to separate out Tillman and Burgess-created files from Buchanan-created files. This has resulted in some significant overlap between those series and the Betty Tillman papers and Jo Ann Burgess papers series. This does reflect the significant overlap in work responsibilities of Tillman, Burgess, Buchanan, and the Center as seen in the materials. ","Processors prior to the NEH grant appear to have filed out materials that were originally grouped in large miscellaneous folders. Buchanan, Tillman, and Burgess do not seem to have created many files with only one or two emails or letters, preferring larger bulk folders. However, in the collection there are now many individual folders with correspondents that seem to have been created from larger files. No additional filing out of material was done under the NEH grant.","Thayer arranged the unprocessed materials and reprocessed the previously arranged materials, combining the two. Mason Graduate Research Assistant Rachel Barton and undergraduate assistants Colin McDonald and Vilma Chicas Garcia assisted with arrangement, reboxing, and inventory creation. Amanda Menjivar, Manuscripts and Archives Librarian, assisted with finding aid data entry and publishing."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe James M. Buchanan papers largely consist of correspondence, writings, and administrative files created between the years 1930-2014. The collection contains 9 series.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1: Biographical materials (circa 1800s, 1944-2012) contains information about James M. Buchanan's life and career. It is further divided into four subseries. Subseries 1.1: Ann Bakke Buchanan papers contains materials created by Ann Bakke Buchanan, James M. Buchanan's wife. Materials include correspondence, recipe cards, notebooks, calendars, and photographs. Some of the correspondence is in Norwegian, and some addressed to both James and Ann as a couple. Subseries 1.2: Awards contains newspapers clippings, congratulatory letters, photographs, and memorabilia relating to awards Buchanan received during his career. The majority of the materials relate to the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics. Subseries 1.3: Education contains study notes, essays, syllabi, and research notes from Buchanan's education, mostly from his PhD study at the University of Chicago. Subseries 1.4: Clippings contains newspaper and magazine clippings about Buchanan, including articles about his work, interviews, and reports on events he attended.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2: Correspondence (1951-2014) contains letters, emails, memoranda, cards, and other forms of written communication, mostly dealing with Buchanan's professional career. Subseries 2.1: Alphabetical correspondence contains the bulk of the correspondence, filed alphabetically by correspondent, subject, or name of an organization. Subseries 2.2: Chronological correspondence is a small amount of unrelated correspondence that was grouped together in date ranges, likely by either Buchanan himself, or his assistants Betty Tillman and Jo Ann Burgess.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 3: Writings (1946-2012) contains drafts, typescripts, photocopies, notes, and reprints of Buchanan's books, articles, speaking lectures, and unpublished material. There are also research files relating to some of his writing projects, and some correspondence with publishers, coauthors, and reviewers.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 4: Academia (1946-2013) contains correspondence, reports, planning documents, and grant files relating to Buchanan's work at various universities, primarily University of Virginia, Virginia Polytechnic Institute (now Virginia Tech), and George Mason University. Subseries 4.1: Administration contains reports, memoranda, correspondence, photographs, calendars, and planning documents relating to department and university business. Subseries 4.2: Teaching contains lecture notes, drafts, syllabi, exams, and readings relating to classes taught by Buchanan over the course of his career. Subseries 4.3: Grants contains correspondence and applications for grant projects undertaken by Buchanan and collaborators. Subseries 4.4: Thomas Jefferson Center for Studies in Political Economy contains annual reports, photographs, and correspondence from the University of Virginia's Thomas Jefferson Center, which was active from 1958 to 1968. Subseries 4.5: Center for Study of Public Choice contains annual reports, conference information, grants, planning documents, board meeting minutes, and correspondence relating to the Center, an academic unit at Virginia Polytechnic Institute from 1968 to 1983 and at George Mason University from 1983 onwards.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 5: Professional Service (1958-2013) This series contains materials relating to Buchanan's professional activities outside of his university responsibilities. Subseries 5.1: Conferences and events contains correspondence, schedules, planning documents, papers and lecture notes, and travel documents from conferences, speaking engagements, and other events attended by Buchanan during his career. Subseries 5.2: Consulting and organizations contains annual reports and correspondence relating to Buchanan's work with various organizations outside of his work as a university professor. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 6: Betty Tillman papers (1968-2008) contains files created by Betty Tillman, administrative assistant to Buchanan and administrative director of the Center for Study of Public Choice. Subseries 6.1: Correspondence contains letters, emails, memoranda, and cards sent and received by Tillman. Subseries 6.2: Office administration contains planning documents, organizational files, and other materials relating to Tillman's handling of Buchanan's and Center for the Study of Public Choice office functions. Subseries 6.3: Conferences, events and travel contains correspondence, calendars, schedules, and travel documents relating to events attended by Buchanan, coordinated by Tillman. It also contains materials created by Tillman as the conference coordinator for the Liberty Fund and Center conferences and events.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 7: Jo Ann Burgess papers (1972-2014) contains files created by Jo Ann Burgess, administrative assistant and editor to Buchanan and secretary for the Public Choice Society. Subseries 7.1: Correspondence contains emails, letters, cards, notes, and memoranda, both personal and relating to Burgess' work with Buchanan and the Center for Study of Public Choice. Subseries 7.2: Office administration contains correspondence, calendars, notes, program files, and edited drafts created as part of Burgess' duties working for the Center for Study of Public Choice and as an assistant to Buchanan. Subseries 7.3: Liberty Fund editorial work contains planning documents, correspondence, and drafts created as part of Burgess' work editing \u003citalic\u003eThe Collected Works of James M. Buchanan\u003c/italic\u003e and \u003citalic\u003eThe Selected Works of Gordon Tullock\u003c/italic\u003e on behalf of the Liberty Fund. Subseries 7.4: Public Choice Society contains correspondence, conference planning documents, and administrative files created as part of Burgess' work as the secretary of the Public Choice Society, a professional organization. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 8: Writings by others (1930-2014) contains articles, book drafts, and other writings by authors other than Buchanan. Some materials have notes and annotations. Some writings are about Buchanan and his ideas. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 9: Audiovisual and born-digital materials (circa 1970s-2013) contains audiocassettes, videotapes, CDs, DVDs, floppy disks, and associated paper materials. Topics include recordings of the Nobel ceremony and press coverage; interviews and lectures by Buchanan and others and Center for Study of Public Choice events.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe biographical series contains information about James M. Buchanan's personal life, education, awards, and clippings of articles about him and his career. There are also materials kept by his wife, Ann Bakke Buchanan. The series is divided into four subseries: Ann Bakke Buchanan papers, Education, Awards, and Clippings. Additional materials not in subseries include personal photographs and Buchanan family history.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries contains papers created by Ann Bakke Buchanan, James M. Buchanan's wife. Materials include correspondence, recipe cards, notebooks, calendars, and photographs. Some of the correspondence is in Norwegian, and some is addressed to both James and Ann as a couple. Recipe cards were removed from seven recipe card boxes and reboxed. Photographs of the original housing are available by request. Recipes are a mix of clippings and handwritten recipes from Ann Buchanan and her friends and relatives. Some recipes and notebooks are written in shorthand.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries contains materials relating to awards Buchanan received during his career. The majority of the materials relate to the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics, but there are also materials about the National Humanities Medal and other awards. Types of material include newspaper clippings, congratulatory letters, photographs, and memorabilia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from Buchanan House display.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from Buchanan House display\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from Buchanan House display\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from Buchanan House display\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from Buchanan House display.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains CD\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries contains materials related to Buchanan's education, mostly from his PhD study at the University of Chicago. Some materials appear to be compiled by a person other than Buchanan, since they predate his study at the University of Chicago. Types of materials include study notes, essays, syllabi, and research notes. This subseries includes notes from classes taught by Frank H. Knight and Milton Friedman.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from Buchanan House display.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAppears to be notes from a student other than Buchanan\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from Buchanan House display\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from Buchanan House display.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from Buchanan House display\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries contains newspaper and magazine clippings about Buchanan, including articles about his work, interviews, and reports on events he attended. Note that the clippings related to the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics are located in the Awards subseries. Clippings of articles written by Buchanan are located in the Writings series. Many clippings are in languages other than English.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe correspondence series contains letters, emails, memoranda, cards, and other forms of written communication sent to and received by Buchanan. The series is divided into two subseries: alphabetical correspondence and chronological correspondence. The bulk of the correspondence was filed alphabetically by correspondent or type of correspondence. A small amount of unrelated correspondence was grouped together in date ranges, likely by either Buchanan himself, or his assistants Betty Tillman and Jo Ann Burgess. The bulk of the correspondence in both subseries deals with Buchanan's professional career from his time at the University of Virginia until his retirement, including discussion of publications, manuscripts, events, and academic business. The bulk of the correspondence starts in 1950. There are very few letters prior to 1950. There is a photocopy of a letter from 1941 in Box 56 Folder 1 J. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNote that some correspondence is located in their original filing location in other series Additional correspondence concerning Buchanan's writings is located in Series 3: Writings, foldered with its related work. Some correspondence relating to the Center for Study of Public Choice, grant applications, and academic departmental administration is located in Series 4: Academia. Some correspondence relating to events, conferences, and travel accommodations is located in Series 5: Professional Service, Subseries 1: Conferences and events. Buchanan's email was handled by Betty Tillman and Jo Ann Burgess, and much of his email is located in Series 6: Betty Tillman papers, Subseries 3: Office administration, and Series 7: Jo Ann Burgess papers, Subseries 2: Office administration. Check the relevant series and subseries notes for additional information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlphabetical correspondence is correspondence filed alphabetically by subject, by the surname of the correspondent, or by the name of the organization. Filing was likely done by Betty Tillman. Some correspondence is grouped under a single letter, for example, a folder titled \"A\" contains multiple correspondents and organizations that start with the letter A. Some are grouped in a range of letters, for example, a folder title \"E-F\" contains correspondents starting with either E or F. It is unclear why some were filed out into individual folders and others were left in large files under a single letter or letter range. Note that there are some issues with the original filing, for example the surname \"da Empoli\" is sometimes filed under D and sometimes under E. Sometimes letters discussing a person are filed under that person's surname, and sometimes under the surname of the person requesting the information. Additionally, previous processors filed out some correspondence into individual folders. No additional re-filing was done under the NEH grant.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged item restricted for personally identifiable information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolder created by Buchanan in April 2007. Contains personal and professional correspondence from 1966-1999.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolder restricted due to FERPA.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains media: photographs\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRestriction: FERPA and PII restriction.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBulk of the folder is correspondents \"D.\" Includes some letters from J. Clayburn LaForce.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003econtains note: \"Removed from 'The Power of Freedom: Uniting Human Rights and Development' by processing archivist 2021-09-09'\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePotential preservation concerns (fading)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolder restricted until 2033 due to recommendation letter\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged item restricted until 2027 due to recommendation.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolder restricted for letters of recommendation\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolder restricted for letters of recommednation and FERPA.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for letters of recommendation and FERPA.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged item restricted for personally identifiable information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRestricted for bank account information\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged item restricted for personally identifiable information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged item restricted for FERPA\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for FERPA and personally identifiable information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for letters of recommendation\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for letters of recommendation\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personnel information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for letters of recommendation\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for letters of recommendation\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for letters of recommendation\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for letters of recommendation\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged item restricted for FERPA.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for letters of recommendation\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for letters of recommendation\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged item restricted for FERPA\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains photocopies of two 1941 letters from Buchanan to a professor\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged item restricted for letter of recommendation; restricted until 2032\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolder restricted for FERPA\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged item restricted for letter of recommendation until 2028.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eincludes correspondence from Warren Samuels and John McKinney\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged item restricted for letter of recommendation\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted until 2024 for letters of recommendation\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged item restricted until 2027 for letter of recommendation\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged item restricted until 2036 for letter of recommendation\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolder restricted until 2044 for letter of recommendation\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted until 2024-2026 for letters of recommendation.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged item restricted for bank account information\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted until 2024-2026 for letters of recommendation.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted until 2037 for letters of recommendation.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize item\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003econtains photographs\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize item\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolder restricted for FERPA.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains photographs\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for FERPA\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains photograph and CD\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for FERPA. Contains photographs.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains photograph.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged item restricted for personally identifiable information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged item restricted for personally identifiable information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted until 2025 for letters of recommendation.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged item restricted until 2034 for letter of recommendation.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged item restricted for personally identifiable information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged item restricted for personally identifiable information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted until 2027 for letter of recommendation.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged item restricted for personally identifiable information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged item restricted utnil 2028 for letter of recommendation.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains photographs\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged item restricted until 2038 for personally identifiable information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged item restricted until 2038 for personally identifiable information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted until 2023 and 2026 for letter of recommendation.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged item restricted until 2052 for letter of recommendation.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolder restricted until 2044 for letter of reference.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolder restricted until 2046 for letter of reference.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolder restricted for FERPA.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolder restricted until 2024-2025 for letters of reference.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolder restricted until 2024-2028 for letters of reference.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolder restricted until 2026-2036 for letters of reference.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolder restricted until 2028-2030 for letters of reference.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolder restricted until 2030-2032 for letters of reference.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolder restricted until 2030-2033 for letters of reference\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolder restricted until 2030-2033 for letters of reference\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolder restricted until 2034 for letters of reference.Flagged items restricted due to FERPA.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolder restricted until 2034-2036 for letters of reference.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolder restricted until 2035-2038 for letters of reference.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolder restricted until 2037-2039 for letters of reference.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolder restricted until 2038 for letters of reference.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolder restricted until 2039-2041 for letters of reference.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolder restricted until 2039-2041 for letters of reference.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolder restricted for FERPA\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains photograph\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize \"Buchanan Expedition\" map of the United States with highlighted road trips\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from binder\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolder restricted for FERPA.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolder restricted for FERPA.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolder restricted until 2037 for letter of recommendation.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains correspondence with Ross Mackenzie of The Richmond News Leader, E.J. Mishan, Roland McKean, James C. Miller III, and others\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for FERPA.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for FERPA.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for FERPA.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for FERPA.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for FERPA.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged item restricted for personally identifiable information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for FERPA.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eChronological correspondence is unrelated correspondence from a certain date range that was filed together in a single folder. It is unclear why this correspondence was not filed out alphabetically. Chronological correspondence from 1987 onwards seems to have been kept by Jo Ann Burgess and never officially filed into designated folders. These folders include correspondence from Buchanan on topics across his work, with a focus on publications and events and travel. There are also assorted office administration materials handled by Burgess in these folders. Topics of the chronological correspondence and the correspondents seem to be similar to that of the alphabetical correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes Ronald Reagan form letter\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for FERPA.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for FERPA.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for FERPA.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for FERPA.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for FERPA.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for FERPA.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for FERPA.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe writings series contains drafts, typescripts, photocopies, notes, and reprints of Buchanan's books, articles, speaking lectures, and unpublished material. There are also research files relating to some of his writing projects, and some correspondence with publishers, coauthors, and reviewers. The series is filed alphabetically by title of the work. Note that some of Buchanan's works went by multiple titles in the draft stage, and may not be filed together as a result. Some papers presented by Buchanan at conferences or given as lectures are located in Series 5: Professional services Subseries 1: Conferences and events.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJo Ann Burgess acted as an editor for much of Buchanan's writings from the 1990s and 2000s. There are edited copies and drafts of some of Buchanan's writings, notably \u003ctitle\u003ePolitics by Principle, Not Interest\u003c/title\u003e, \u003ctitle\u003eThe Return to Increasing Returns\u003c/title\u003e, and \u003ctitle\u003ePost-Socialist Political Economy\u003c/title\u003e in Series 7: Jo Ann Burgess papers, Subseries 2: Office administration. The bulk of the materials relating to \u003ctitle\u003eThe Collected Works of James M. Buchanan\u003c/title\u003e are located in Series 7: Jo Ann Burgess papers, Subseries 3: Liberty Fund editorial work, as Burgess kept the files for that project.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for FERPA.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNote: work also titled \"Work supply under Increasing Returns\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003evarious titles\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for FERPA.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series contains materials relating to Buchanan's work at various universities, notably University of Virginia, Virginia Polytechnic Institute (VPI or Virginia Tech), and George Mason University. The series is divided into five subseries: Administration, Teaching, Grants, Thomas Jefferson Center for Studies in Political Economy, and Center for Study of Public Choice.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries contains reports, memoranda, correspondence, CVs, photographs, calendars, and planning documents relating to Buchanan's work at various universities, primarily Virginia Polytechnic Institute (also known as Virginia Tech or VPI) and George Mason University. Topics include economics department functioning and planning, Buchanan's academic output, schedules, and university events and policies. The subseries is arranged chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMany of the administrative aspects of Buchanan's work were handled by Betty Tillman and Jo Ann Burgess. Series 6: Betty Tillman papers, Subseries 2: Office administration and Series 7: Jo Ann Burgess papers, Subseries 2: Office administration contain much related material.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for FERPA.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for FERPA and personally identifiable information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for FERPA.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for FERPA.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for FERPA.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for FERPA and personally identifiable information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOriginally part of Buchanan House display\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries contains lecture notes, drafts, syllabi, exams, and readings relating to classes taught by Buchanan over the course of his career. Buchanan would often present his own draft works to students for comment, so some of his draft writings are in this subseries. The subseries is arranged chronologically. Materials created by or relating to specific students are restricted due to the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for FERPA.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for FERPA.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for FERPA.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for FERPA.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for FERPA.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for FERPA.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes correspondence discussed in lecture notes\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for FERPA.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for FERPA.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for FERPA.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for FERPA.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for FERPA.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for FERPA.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for FERPA.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for FERPA.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for FERPA and personally identifiable information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for FERPA.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for FERPA.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for FERPA.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for FERPA.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for FERPA.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for FERPA and personally identifiable information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for FERPA.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for FERPA.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for FERPA and personally identifiable information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for FERPA.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for FERPA.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for FERPA.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for FERPA.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for FERPA\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for FERPA\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for FERPA\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for FERPA\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for FERPA\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for FERPA\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for FERPA\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for FERPA\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries contains correspondence and applications for grant projects undertaken by Buchanan and collaborators. Specific granting agencies include the National Science Foundation, the Ford Foundation, and others. Grants were primarily written for funding research projects in economics, specifically in public choice. Grants that were undertaken to fund operations of the Center for Study of Public Choice are found in Subseries 5: Center for Study of Public Choice. Some correspondence with granting agencies is located in Series 2: Correspondence. The subseries is arranged chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for FERPA\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries contains annual reports, photographs, and correspondence relating to the University of Virginia's Thomas Jefferson Center for Studies in Political Economy. Buchanan was a co-founder of the Center. The Center was active from 1958 to 1968. There is also information relating to \u003ctitle\u003ePapers on Non-Market Decision Making\u003c/title\u003e, a journal founded by the Center that later became \u003ctitle\u003ePublic Choice\u003c/title\u003e. The subseries is arranged chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eItem originally part of Buchanan House Display\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eItem originally part of Buchanan House Display\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eItem originally part of Buchanan House Display\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries contains annual reports, conference information, grants, planning documents, board meeting minutes, and correspondence relating the Center for Study of Public Choice, an academic unit founded at Virginia Polytechnic Institute in 1968. The Center was moved to George Mason University in July 1983 and continues operations there as of 2023. The subseries contains correspondence and planning documents from multiple directors of the Center, including Robert Tollison, David Levy, Mark Crain, and others. There are also materials relating to the Public Choice Society prior to Jo Ann Burgess' time as the Public Choice Society administrator, approximately 2003. The subseries is arranged chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBetty Tillman was the administrative director of the Center in the 1990s and 2000s, and many Center materials can be found in in Series 6: Betty Tillman papers, especially in Subseries 1: Correspondence and Subseries 2: Office administration. Center tasks were also sometimes a part of the duties of Jo Ann Burgess, and some Center material can be found in Series 7: Jo Ann Burgess papers, especially Subseries 1: Correspondence and Subseries 2: Office administration. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for FERPA\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information and FERPA\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information and FERPA\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information and FERPA\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for FERPA\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDonor is anonymous by request. Publication of the donor information in conjunction with the Center for Study of Public Choice is not permitted.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOriginally part of Buchanan House display.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for FERPA\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOriginally part of Buchanan House display.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOriginally part of Buchanan House display.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information and FERPA\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information and FERPA\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series contains materials relating to Buchanan's professional activities outside of his university and Center for Study of Public Choice responsibilities. The series is divided into two subseries: Conferences and events, and Consulting and organizations. The series is arranged chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries contains correspondence, schedules, planning documents, papers and lecture notes, and travel documents from conferences, speaking engagements, and other events attended by Buchanan during his career. This subseries also contains materials related to conferences organized by Buchanan or Betty Tillman, often in partnership with the Liberty Fund. Note that the subseries is arranged chronologically by date of the materials that exist in the folder, not by date of the conference or event. Event planning could stretch to a year or two before the event took place, especially for events occurring in the first half of the calendar year. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTillman was responsible for scheduling and organizing much of Buchanan's travel, especially after he received the Nobel Prize in 1986. Similar files kept by Tillman on Buchanan's travel and event attendance are located in Series 6: Betty Tillman papers, Subseries 3: Conferences, events and travel.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains book reviews of \u003ctitle\u003eCost and Choice\u003c/title\u003e and \u003ctitle\u003eAcademia in Anarchy.\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOriginally part of Buchanan House display.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOriginally part of Buchanan House display\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOriginally part of Buchanan House display\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOriginally part of Buchanan House display\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOriginally part of Buchanan House display.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOriginally part of Buchanan House display.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOriginally part of Buchanan House display.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOriginally part of Buchanan House display.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOriginally part of Buchanan House display.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOriginally part of Buchanan House display.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOriginally part of Buchanan House display.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOriginally part of Buchanan House display.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOriginally part of Buchanan House display.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOriginally part of Buchanan House display.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOriginally part of Buchanan House display.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOriginally part of Buchanan House display.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains zip disk and 3.5' floppy disk.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for FERPA.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOriginally part of Buchanan House display\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOriginally part of Buchanan House display\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries contains committee meeting notes, annual reports, and correspondence relating to Buchanan's work with various outside organizations. Buchanan served on boards for some organizations, including the Mont Pelerin Society. Those records are mostly found here, although some conference organizing material for the Mont Pelerin Society and Liberty Fund is located in Subseries 1: Conferences and events. The subseries is arranged chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for FERPA.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBetty Tillman was an administrative assistant for James M. Buchanan and the Center for Study of Public Choice from 1962 to 2007. Her work included typing Buchanan's correspondence, scheduling his travel and conference events, and liaising with publishers and outside parties on Buchanan's behalf. As a member of the Center and eventual administrative director, she made arrangements for the visiting scholars program, managed personnel, kept financial records, and coordinated events and conferences, among many other duties. As her work was integral to Buchanan's and the Center, her papers are somewhat integrated with Buchanan's and the Center papers as well. In the course of processing, some of her papers were able to be identified as a discrete series. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTillman's papers are divided into three subseries: Correspondence; Office administration; and Conferences, events and travel.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries contains letters, emails, memoranda, and cards sent and received by Betty Tillman. Work correspondence includes topics such as event organization, visiting scholars program, and other Center for Study of Public Choice business. There is also personal correspondence belonging to Tillman in the subseries. There are also notes from Buchanan to Tillman, mostly about administrative matters. Note that Tillman printed out most of email she received, and in many cases did not file it out by correspondent or subject. Correspondence is filed alphabetically by subject, by the surname of the correspondent, by the name of the organization, or by the type of correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for FERPA.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for FERPA\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eincludes floppy disc\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for FERPA\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for FERPA\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted due to personally identifiable information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted due to personally identifiable information\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted due to personally identifiable information\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted due to personally identifiable information\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted due to personally identifiable information\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted due to personally identifiable information\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains photograph\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted due to personally identifiable information\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted due to personally identifiable information\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries contains planning documents, scheduling documents, meeting minutes, and notes relating to Tillman's handling of Buchanan's and Center for the Study of Public Choice office functions. Note that there is correspondence belonging to Buchanan that was handled by Tillman and not filed out. Similarly, pending and working files contain correspondence, schedules, notices, invoices, and other documents that Tillman did not file out into their own completed folders. The subseries is arranged alphabetically.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted due to personally identifiable information\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted due to personally identifiable information\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted due to personally identifiable information\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted due to personally identifiable information\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted due to personally identifiable information\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted due to personally identifiable information\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted due to personally identifiable information\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted due to personally identifiable information\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted due to personally identifiable information\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions on access, but reproductions of material in this folder are restricted\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted due to personally identifiable information and FERPA\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted due to FERPA\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted due to personally identifiable information\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted due to personally identifiable information and FERPA\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted due to personally identifiable information and FERPA\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted due to personally identifiable information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted due to personally identifiable information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted due to personally identifiable information and FERPA.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted due to personally identifiable information\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted due to FERPA\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted due to personally identifiable information\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries contains files on events attended by Buchanan. Tillman was responsible for Buchanan's schedule, especially after Buchanan received the Nobel Prize in 1986 when she became his official agent. Types of material include correspondence, calendars, schedules, and travel documents. Similar files that may have been kept by Buchanan are located in Series 5: Professional Service, Subseries 1: Conferences and events.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted due to personally identifiable information\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted due to personally identifiable information\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted due to personally identifiable information\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted due to personally identifiable information\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJo Ann Burgess was an administrative assistant at the Center for Study of Public Choice from 1989 to 2014. She was responsible for the library at the Center and for the management of Buchanan's papers. Additionally, she was the secretary for the Public Choice Society and edited much of Buchanan's published works in the 1990s and 2000s, notably \u003ctitle\u003eThe Collected Works of James M. Buchanan\u003c/title\u003e, published by the Liberty Fund. As her work was closely tied to Buchanan's and the Center, her papers are somewhat integrated with Buchanan's and the Center papers. In the course of processing, some of her papers were able to be identified as a discrete series.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThere are four subseries: Correspondence; Office administration; Liberty Fund editorial work; and Public Choice Society.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries contains emails, letters, cards, notes, and memoranda, both personal and relating to Burgess' work with Buchanan at the Center for Study of Public Choice. The subseries is arranged alphabetically.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted due to FERPA\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries contains materials created as part of Burgess' duties working for the Center for Study of Public Choice and as an assistant to Buchanan. It includes edited copies of Buchanan's writings; emails; correspondence written on behalf of Buchanan; calendars; Buchanan's class materials; notes; visiting scholars program files, and working files. Working files are groupings of papers that Burgess never filed out into separate folders. They are combinations of emails, schedules, memoranda, writings drafts, invoices, and other administrative papers. The subseries is arranged alphabetically.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolder restricted due to personally identifiable information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for financial information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for financial and personally identifiable information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for financial information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for FERPA.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolder restricted due to FERPA.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolder restricted due to FERPA.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolder restricted due to FERPA.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolder restricted due to FERPA.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolder contains a CD of Betty Tillman photographs\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains CD\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolder restricted due to FERPA.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe family name is Ma and personal name is Jun. It was originally misfiled by Burgess with the family name as Jun and the personal name as Ma.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolder includes handwritten draft of \"Panglosian Politics\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for FERPA.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolder includes a 3.5\" floppy disk.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for FERPA.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for FERPA.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted due to FERPA.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for FERPA.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolder restricted due to FERPA.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolder restricted due to FERPA.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries contains materials created as part of Burgess' work editing \u003ctitle\u003eThe Collected Works of James M. Buchanan\u003c/title\u003e and \u003ctitle\u003eThe Selected Works of Gordon Tullock\u003c/title\u003e. It includes editorial committee notes and memoranda; lists of contents; correspondence; edited typescripts; permissions requests; planning documents; drafts; and working files. The subseries is arranged alphabetically. The large majority of the materials are related to \u003ctitle\u003eThe Collected Works of James M. Buchanan\u003c/title\u003e, materials related to \u003ctitle\u003eThe Selected Works of Gordon Tullock\u003c/title\u003e are noted separately. The subseries is arranged alphabetically.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries contains materials relating to the Public Choice Society, a professional organization for scholars from any academic discipline interested in public choice. Burgess was the secretary for the Public Choice Society from 1989 from 2014. Materials include correspondence, conference planning documents, and administrative files created as part of Burgess' work with the Society. The subseries is arranged chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for financial information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for financial information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlagged items restricted for financial information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series contains articles, books, and other writings by authors other than Buchanan. Some materials have notes and annotations. Some materials contain correspondence with the authors. Some writings are about Buchanan and his ideas. Some writings were filed by author, others were in folders containing writings from multiple different authors. No additional filing out of writings was done under the NEH grant. The series is arranged alphabetically by surname of author. Materials where Buchanan is a coauthor are found in Series 3: Writings.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBack cover has penciled notes of James Buchanan's on joint supply\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003econtains annotations by Buchanan\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes the Foundations for Normative Individulism by James Buchanan.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOriginal discarded due to mold damage.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope Note: heavily annotated by Buchanan\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series contains audiocassettes, videotapes, CDs, DVDs, floppy disks, and associated paper materials. Audiovisual material topics include recordings of the Nobel ceremony and press coverage; interviews and lectures by Buchanan and others; television appearances; programs of related interest to Buchanan; and Center for Study of Public Choice events. Born-digital material topics include Center photographs and drafts of writings. Materials are arranged by format, and then chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSome materials have been digitized. Please contact speccoll@gmu.edu to ensure that the specific materials you are interested in viewing are able to be accessed.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Content","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Content","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Content","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Content","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Contents","Scope and Content","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The James M. Buchanan papers largely consist of correspondence, writings, and administrative files created between the years 1930-2014. The collection contains 9 series.","Series 1: Biographical materials (circa 1800s, 1944-2012) contains information about James M. Buchanan's life and career. It is further divided into four subseries. Subseries 1.1: Ann Bakke Buchanan papers contains materials created by Ann Bakke Buchanan, James M. Buchanan's wife. Materials include correspondence, recipe cards, notebooks, calendars, and photographs. Some of the correspondence is in Norwegian, and some addressed to both James and Ann as a couple. Subseries 1.2: Awards contains newspapers clippings, congratulatory letters, photographs, and memorabilia relating to awards Buchanan received during his career. The majority of the materials relate to the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics. Subseries 1.3: Education contains study notes, essays, syllabi, and research notes from Buchanan's education, mostly from his PhD study at the University of Chicago. Subseries 1.4: Clippings contains newspaper and magazine clippings about Buchanan, including articles about his work, interviews, and reports on events he attended.","Series 2: Correspondence (1951-2014) contains letters, emails, memoranda, cards, and other forms of written communication, mostly dealing with Buchanan's professional career. Subseries 2.1: Alphabetical correspondence contains the bulk of the correspondence, filed alphabetically by correspondent, subject, or name of an organization. Subseries 2.2: Chronological correspondence is a small amount of unrelated correspondence that was grouped together in date ranges, likely by either Buchanan himself, or his assistants Betty Tillman and Jo Ann Burgess.","Series 3: Writings (1946-2012) contains drafts, typescripts, photocopies, notes, and reprints of Buchanan's books, articles, speaking lectures, and unpublished material. There are also research files relating to some of his writing projects, and some correspondence with publishers, coauthors, and reviewers.","Series 4: Academia (1946-2013) contains correspondence, reports, planning documents, and grant files relating to Buchanan's work at various universities, primarily University of Virginia, Virginia Polytechnic Institute (now Virginia Tech), and George Mason University. Subseries 4.1: Administration contains reports, memoranda, correspondence, photographs, calendars, and planning documents relating to department and university business. Subseries 4.2: Teaching contains lecture notes, drafts, syllabi, exams, and readings relating to classes taught by Buchanan over the course of his career. Subseries 4.3: Grants contains correspondence and applications for grant projects undertaken by Buchanan and collaborators. Subseries 4.4: Thomas Jefferson Center for Studies in Political Economy contains annual reports, photographs, and correspondence from the University of Virginia's Thomas Jefferson Center, which was active from 1958 to 1968. Subseries 4.5: Center for Study of Public Choice contains annual reports, conference information, grants, planning documents, board meeting minutes, and correspondence relating to the Center, an academic unit at Virginia Polytechnic Institute from 1968 to 1983 and at George Mason University from 1983 onwards.","Series 5: Professional Service (1958-2013) This series contains materials relating to Buchanan's professional activities outside of his university responsibilities. Subseries 5.1: Conferences and events contains correspondence, schedules, planning documents, papers and lecture notes, and travel documents from conferences, speaking engagements, and other events attended by Buchanan during his career. Subseries 5.2: Consulting and organizations contains annual reports and correspondence relating to Buchanan's work with various organizations outside of his work as a university professor. ","Series 6: Betty Tillman papers (1968-2008) contains files created by Betty Tillman, administrative assistant to Buchanan and administrative director of the Center for Study of Public Choice. Subseries 6.1: Correspondence contains letters, emails, memoranda, and cards sent and received by Tillman. Subseries 6.2: Office administration contains planning documents, organizational files, and other materials relating to Tillman's handling of Buchanan's and Center for the Study of Public Choice office functions. Subseries 6.3: Conferences, events and travel contains correspondence, calendars, schedules, and travel documents relating to events attended by Buchanan, coordinated by Tillman. It also contains materials created by Tillman as the conference coordinator for the Liberty Fund and Center conferences and events.","Series 7: Jo Ann Burgess papers (1972-2014) contains files created by Jo Ann Burgess, administrative assistant and editor to Buchanan and secretary for the Public Choice Society. Subseries 7.1: Correspondence contains emails, letters, cards, notes, and memoranda, both personal and relating to Burgess' work with Buchanan and the Center for Study of Public Choice. Subseries 7.2: Office administration contains correspondence, calendars, notes, program files, and edited drafts created as part of Burgess' duties working for the Center for Study of Public Choice and as an assistant to Buchanan. Subseries 7.3: Liberty Fund editorial work contains planning documents, correspondence, and drafts created as part of Burgess' work editing  The Collected Works of James M. Buchanan  and  The Selected Works of Gordon Tullock  on behalf of the Liberty Fund. Subseries 7.4: Public Choice Society contains correspondence, conference planning documents, and administrative files created as part of Burgess' work as the secretary of the Public Choice Society, a professional organization. ","Series 8: Writings by others (1930-2014) contains articles, book drafts, and other writings by authors other than Buchanan. Some materials have notes and annotations. Some writings are about Buchanan and his ideas. ","Series 9: Audiovisual and born-digital materials (circa 1970s-2013) contains audiocassettes, videotapes, CDs, DVDs, floppy disks, and associated paper materials. Topics include recordings of the Nobel ceremony and press coverage; interviews and lectures by Buchanan and others and Center for Study of Public Choice events.","The biographical series contains information about James M. Buchanan's personal life, education, awards, and clippings of articles about him and his career. There are also materials kept by his wife, Ann Bakke Buchanan. The series is divided into four subseries: Ann Bakke Buchanan papers, Education, Awards, and Clippings. Additional materials not in subseries include personal photographs and Buchanan family history.","This subseries contains papers created by Ann Bakke Buchanan, James M. Buchanan's wife. Materials include correspondence, recipe cards, notebooks, calendars, and photographs. Some of the correspondence is in Norwegian, and some is addressed to both James and Ann as a couple. Recipe cards were removed from seven recipe card boxes and reboxed. Photographs of the original housing are available by request. Recipes are a mix of clippings and handwritten recipes from Ann Buchanan and her friends and relatives. Some recipes and notebooks are written in shorthand.","This subseries contains materials relating to awards Buchanan received during his career. The majority of the materials relate to the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics, but there are also materials about the National Humanities Medal and other awards. Types of material include newspaper clippings, congratulatory letters, photographs, and memorabilia.","Removed from Buchanan House display.","Removed from Buchanan House display","Removed from Buchanan House display","Removed from Buchanan House display","Removed from Buchanan House display.","Contains CD","This subseries contains materials related to Buchanan's education, mostly from his PhD study at the University of Chicago. Some materials appear to be compiled by a person other than Buchanan, since they predate his study at the University of Chicago. Types of materials include study notes, essays, syllabi, and research notes. This subseries includes notes from classes taught by Frank H. Knight and Milton Friedman.","Removed from Buchanan House display.","Appears to be notes from a student other than Buchanan","Removed from Buchanan House display","Removed from Buchanan House display.","Removed from Buchanan House display","This subseries contains newspaper and magazine clippings about Buchanan, including articles about his work, interviews, and reports on events he attended. Note that the clippings related to the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics are located in the Awards subseries. Clippings of articles written by Buchanan are located in the Writings series. Many clippings are in languages other than English.","The correspondence series contains letters, emails, memoranda, cards, and other forms of written communication sent to and received by Buchanan. The series is divided into two subseries: alphabetical correspondence and chronological correspondence. The bulk of the correspondence was filed alphabetically by correspondent or type of correspondence. A small amount of unrelated correspondence was grouped together in date ranges, likely by either Buchanan himself, or his assistants Betty Tillman and Jo Ann Burgess. The bulk of the correspondence in both subseries deals with Buchanan's professional career from his time at the University of Virginia until his retirement, including discussion of publications, manuscripts, events, and academic business. The bulk of the correspondence starts in 1950. There are very few letters prior to 1950. There is a photocopy of a letter from 1941 in Box 56 Folder 1 J. ","Note that some correspondence is located in their original filing location in other series Additional correspondence concerning Buchanan's writings is located in Series 3: Writings, foldered with its related work. Some correspondence relating to the Center for Study of Public Choice, grant applications, and academic departmental administration is located in Series 4: Academia. Some correspondence relating to events, conferences, and travel accommodations is located in Series 5: Professional Service, Subseries 1: Conferences and events. Buchanan's email was handled by Betty Tillman and Jo Ann Burgess, and much of his email is located in Series 6: Betty Tillman papers, Subseries 3: Office administration, and Series 7: Jo Ann Burgess papers, Subseries 2: Office administration. Check the relevant series and subseries notes for additional information.","Alphabetical correspondence is correspondence filed alphabetically by subject, by the surname of the correspondent, or by the name of the organization. Filing was likely done by Betty Tillman. Some correspondence is grouped under a single letter, for example, a folder titled \"A\" contains multiple correspondents and organizations that start with the letter A. Some are grouped in a range of letters, for example, a folder title \"E-F\" contains correspondents starting with either E or F. It is unclear why some were filed out into individual folders and others were left in large files under a single letter or letter range. Note that there are some issues with the original filing, for example the surname \"da Empoli\" is sometimes filed under D and sometimes under E. Sometimes letters discussing a person are filed under that person's surname, and sometimes under the surname of the person requesting the information. Additionally, previous processors filed out some correspondence into individual folders. No additional re-filing was done under the NEH grant.","Flagged item restricted for personally identifiable information.","Folder created by Buchanan in April 2007. Contains personal and professional correspondence from 1966-1999.","Folder restricted due to FERPA.","Contains media: photographs","Restriction: FERPA and PII restriction.","Bulk of the folder is correspondents \"D.\" Includes some letters from J. Clayburn LaForce.","contains note: \"Removed from 'The Power of Freedom: Uniting Human Rights and Development' by processing archivist 2021-09-09'","Potential preservation concerns (fading)","Folder restricted until 2033 due to recommendation letter","Flagged item restricted until 2027 due to recommendation.","Folder restricted for letters of recommendation","Folder restricted for letters of recommednation and FERPA.","Flagged items restricted for letters of recommendation and FERPA.","Flagged item restricted for personally identifiable information.","Restricted for bank account information","Flagged item restricted for personally identifiable information.","Flagged item restricted for FERPA","Flagged items restricted for FERPA and personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted for letters of recommendation","Flagged items restricted for letters of recommendation","Flagged items restricted for personnel information.","Flagged items restricted for letters of recommendation","Flagged items restricted for letters of recommendation","Flagged items restricted for letters of recommendation","Flagged items restricted for letters of recommendation","Flagged item restricted for FERPA.","Flagged items restricted for letters of recommendation","Flagged items restricted for letters of recommendation","Flagged item restricted for FERPA","Contains photocopies of two 1941 letters from Buchanan to a professor","Flagged item restricted for letter of recommendation; restricted until 2032","Folder restricted for FERPA","Flagged item restricted for letter of recommendation until 2028.","includes correspondence from Warren Samuels and John McKinney","Flagged item restricted for letter of recommendation","Flagged items restricted until 2024 for letters of recommendation","Flagged item restricted until 2027 for letter of recommendation","Flagged item restricted until 2036 for letter of recommendation","Folder restricted until 2044 for letter of recommendation","Flagged items restricted until 2024-2026 for letters of recommendation.","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.","Flagged item restricted for bank account information","Flagged items restricted until 2024-2026 for letters of recommendation.","Flagged items restricted until 2037 for letters of recommendation.","Oversize item","contains photographs","Oversize item","Folder restricted for FERPA.","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.","Contains photographs","Flagged items restricted for FERPA","Contains photograph and CD","Flagged items restricted for FERPA. Contains photographs.","Contains photograph.","Flagged item restricted for personally identifiable information.","Flagged item restricted for personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted until 2025 for letters of recommendation.","Flagged item restricted until 2034 for letter of recommendation.","Flagged item restricted for personally identifiable information.","Flagged item restricted for personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted until 2027 for letter of recommendation.","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.","Flagged item restricted for personally identifiable information.","Flagged item restricted utnil 2028 for letter of recommendation.","Contains photographs","Flagged item restricted until 2038 for personally identifiable information.","Flagged item restricted until 2038 for personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted until 2023 and 2026 for letter of recommendation.","Flagged item restricted until 2052 for letter of recommendation.","Folder restricted until 2044 for letter of reference.","Folder restricted until 2046 for letter of reference.","Folder restricted for FERPA.","Folder restricted until 2024-2025 for letters of reference.","Folder restricted until 2024-2028 for letters of reference.","Folder restricted until 2026-2036 for letters of reference.","Folder restricted until 2028-2030 for letters of reference.","Folder restricted until 2030-2032 for letters of reference.","Folder restricted until 2030-2033 for letters of reference","Folder restricted until 2030-2033 for letters of reference","Folder restricted until 2034 for letters of reference.Flagged items restricted due to FERPA.","Folder restricted until 2034-2036 for letters of reference.","Folder restricted until 2035-2038 for letters of reference.","Folder restricted until 2037-2039 for letters of reference.","Folder restricted until 2038 for letters of reference.","Folder restricted until 2039-2041 for letters of reference.","Folder restricted until 2039-2041 for letters of reference.","Folder restricted for FERPA","Contains photograph","Oversize \"Buchanan Expedition\" map of the United States with highlighted road trips","Removed from binder","Folder restricted for FERPA.","Folder restricted for FERPA.","Folder restricted until 2037 for letter of recommendation.","Contains correspondence with Ross Mackenzie of The Richmond News Leader, E.J. Mishan, Roland McKean, James C. Miller III, and others","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Flagged item restricted for personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Chronological correspondence is unrelated correspondence from a certain date range that was filed together in a single folder. It is unclear why this correspondence was not filed out alphabetically. Chronological correspondence from 1987 onwards seems to have been kept by Jo Ann Burgess and never officially filed into designated folders. These folders include correspondence from Buchanan on topics across his work, with a focus on publications and events and travel. There are also assorted office administration materials handled by Burgess in these folders. Topics of the chronological correspondence and the correspondents seem to be similar to that of the alphabetical correspondence.","Includes Ronald Reagan form letter","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","The writings series contains drafts, typescripts, photocopies, notes, and reprints of Buchanan's books, articles, speaking lectures, and unpublished material. There are also research files relating to some of his writing projects, and some correspondence with publishers, coauthors, and reviewers. The series is filed alphabetically by title of the work. Note that some of Buchanan's works went by multiple titles in the draft stage, and may not be filed together as a result. Some papers presented by Buchanan at conferences or given as lectures are located in Series 5: Professional services Subseries 1: Conferences and events.","Jo Ann Burgess acted as an editor for much of Buchanan's writings from the 1990s and 2000s. There are edited copies and drafts of some of Buchanan's writings, notably  Politics by Principle, Not Interest ,  The Return to Increasing Returns , and  Post-Socialist Political Economy  in Series 7: Jo Ann Burgess papers, Subseries 2: Office administration. The bulk of the materials relating to  The Collected Works of James M. Buchanan  are located in Series 7: Jo Ann Burgess papers, Subseries 3: Liberty Fund editorial work, as Burgess kept the files for that project.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Note: work also titled \"Work supply under Increasing Returns\"","various titles","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","This series contains materials relating to Buchanan's work at various universities, notably University of Virginia, Virginia Polytechnic Institute (VPI or Virginia Tech), and George Mason University. The series is divided into five subseries: Administration, Teaching, Grants, Thomas Jefferson Center for Studies in Political Economy, and Center for Study of Public Choice.","This subseries contains reports, memoranda, correspondence, CVs, photographs, calendars, and planning documents relating to Buchanan's work at various universities, primarily Virginia Polytechnic Institute (also known as Virginia Tech or VPI) and George Mason University. Topics include economics department functioning and planning, Buchanan's academic output, schedules, and university events and policies. The subseries is arranged chronologically.","Many of the administrative aspects of Buchanan's work were handled by Betty Tillman and Jo Ann Burgess. Series 6: Betty Tillman papers, Subseries 2: Office administration and Series 7: Jo Ann Burgess papers, Subseries 2: Office administration contain much related material.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA and personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA and personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.","Originally part of Buchanan House display","This subseries contains lecture notes, drafts, syllabi, exams, and readings relating to classes taught by Buchanan over the course of his career. Buchanan would often present his own draft works to students for comment, so some of his draft writings are in this subseries. The subseries is arranged chronologically. Materials created by or relating to specific students are restricted due to the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA).","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Includes correspondence discussed in lecture notes","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA and personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA and personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA and personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA","Flagged items restricted for FERPA","Flagged items restricted for FERPA","Flagged items restricted for FERPA","Flagged items restricted for FERPA","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted for FERPA","Flagged items restricted for FERPA","Flagged items restricted for FERPA","This subseries contains correspondence and applications for grant projects undertaken by Buchanan and collaborators. Specific granting agencies include the National Science Foundation, the Ford Foundation, and others. Grants were primarily written for funding research projects in economics, specifically in public choice. Grants that were undertaken to fund operations of the Center for Study of Public Choice are found in Subseries 5: Center for Study of Public Choice. Some correspondence with granting agencies is located in Series 2: Correspondence. The subseries is arranged chronologically.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","This subseries contains annual reports, photographs, and correspondence relating to the University of Virginia's Thomas Jefferson Center for Studies in Political Economy. Buchanan was a co-founder of the Center. The Center was active from 1958 to 1968. There is also information relating to  Papers on Non-Market Decision Making , a journal founded by the Center that later became  Public Choice . The subseries is arranged chronologically.","Item originally part of Buchanan House Display","Item originally part of Buchanan House Display","Item originally part of Buchanan House Display","This subseries contains annual reports, conference information, grants, planning documents, board meeting minutes, and correspondence relating the Center for Study of Public Choice, an academic unit founded at Virginia Polytechnic Institute in 1968. The Center was moved to George Mason University in July 1983 and continues operations there as of 2023. The subseries contains correspondence and planning documents from multiple directors of the Center, including Robert Tollison, David Levy, Mark Crain, and others. There are also materials relating to the Public Choice Society prior to Jo Ann Burgess' time as the Public Choice Society administrator, approximately 2003. The subseries is arranged chronologically.","Betty Tillman was the administrative director of the Center in the 1990s and 2000s, and many Center materials can be found in in Series 6: Betty Tillman papers, especially in Subseries 1: Correspondence and Subseries 2: Office administration. Center tasks were also sometimes a part of the duties of Jo Ann Burgess, and some Center material can be found in Series 7: Jo Ann Burgess papers, especially Subseries 1: Correspondence and Subseries 2: Office administration. ","Flagged items restricted for FERPA","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information and FERPA","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information and FERPA","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information and FERPA","Flagged items restricted for FERPA","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Donor is anonymous by request. Publication of the donor information in conjunction with the Center for Study of Public Choice is not permitted.","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Originally part of Buchanan House display.","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted for FERPA","Originally part of Buchanan House display.","Originally part of Buchanan House display.","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information and FERPA","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information and FERPA","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","This series contains materials relating to Buchanan's professional activities outside of his university and Center for Study of Public Choice responsibilities. The series is divided into two subseries: Conferences and events, and Consulting and organizations. The series is arranged chronologically.","This subseries contains correspondence, schedules, planning documents, papers and lecture notes, and travel documents from conferences, speaking engagements, and other events attended by Buchanan during his career. This subseries also contains materials related to conferences organized by Buchanan or Betty Tillman, often in partnership with the Liberty Fund. Note that the subseries is arranged chronologically by date of the materials that exist in the folder, not by date of the conference or event. Event planning could stretch to a year or two before the event took place, especially for events occurring in the first half of the calendar year. ","Tillman was responsible for scheduling and organizing much of Buchanan's travel, especially after he received the Nobel Prize in 1986. Similar files kept by Tillman on Buchanan's travel and event attendance are located in Series 6: Betty Tillman papers, Subseries 3: Conferences, events and travel.","Contains book reviews of  Cost and Choice  and  Academia in Anarchy.","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.","Originally part of Buchanan House display.","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.","Originally part of Buchanan House display","Originally part of Buchanan House display","Originally part of Buchanan House display","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.","Originally part of Buchanan House display.","Originally part of Buchanan House display.","Originally part of Buchanan House display.","Originally part of Buchanan House display.","Originally part of Buchanan House display.","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.","Originally part of Buchanan House display.","Originally part of Buchanan House display.","Originally part of Buchanan House display.","Originally part of Buchanan House display.","Originally part of Buchanan House display.","Originally part of Buchanan House display.","Originally part of Buchanan House display.","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.","Contains zip disk and 3.5' floppy disk.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Originally part of Buchanan House display","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.","Originally part of Buchanan House display","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.","This subseries contains committee meeting notes, annual reports, and correspondence relating to Buchanan's work with various outside organizations. Buchanan served on boards for some organizations, including the Mont Pelerin Society. Those records are mostly found here, although some conference organizing material for the Mont Pelerin Society and Liberty Fund is located in Subseries 1: Conferences and events. The subseries is arranged chronologically.","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Betty Tillman was an administrative assistant for James M. Buchanan and the Center for Study of Public Choice from 1962 to 2007. Her work included typing Buchanan's correspondence, scheduling his travel and conference events, and liaising with publishers and outside parties on Buchanan's behalf. As a member of the Center and eventual administrative director, she made arrangements for the visiting scholars program, managed personnel, kept financial records, and coordinated events and conferences, among many other duties. As her work was integral to Buchanan's and the Center, her papers are somewhat integrated with Buchanan's and the Center papers as well. In the course of processing, some of her papers were able to be identified as a discrete series. ","Tillman's papers are divided into three subseries: Correspondence; Office administration; and Conferences, events and travel.","This subseries contains letters, emails, memoranda, and cards sent and received by Betty Tillman. Work correspondence includes topics such as event organization, visiting scholars program, and other Center for Study of Public Choice business. There is also personal correspondence belonging to Tillman in the subseries. There are also notes from Buchanan to Tillman, mostly about administrative matters. Note that Tillman printed out most of email she received, and in many cases did not file it out by correspondent or subject. Correspondence is filed alphabetically by subject, by the surname of the correspondent, by the name of the organization, or by the type of correspondence.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","includes floppy disc","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted for FERPA","Flagged items restricted for FERPA","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted due to personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted due to personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted due to personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted due to personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted due to personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted due to personally identifiable information","Contains photograph","Flagged items restricted due to personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted due to personally identifiable information","This subseries contains planning documents, scheduling documents, meeting minutes, and notes relating to Tillman's handling of Buchanan's and Center for the Study of Public Choice office functions. Note that there is correspondence belonging to Buchanan that was handled by Tillman and not filed out. Similarly, pending and working files contain correspondence, schedules, notices, invoices, and other documents that Tillman did not file out into their own completed folders. The subseries is arranged alphabetically.","Flagged items restricted due to personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted due to personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted due to personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted due to personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted due to personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted due to personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted due to personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted due to personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted due to personally identifiable information","There are no restrictions on access, but reproductions of material in this folder are restricted","Flagged items restricted due to personally identifiable information and FERPA","Flagged items restricted due to FERPA","Flagged items restricted due to personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted due to personally identifiable information and FERPA","Flagged items restricted due to personally identifiable information and FERPA","Flagged items restricted due to personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted due to personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted due to personally identifiable information and FERPA.","Flagged items restricted due to personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted due to FERPA","Flagged items restricted due to personally identifiable information","This subseries contains files on events attended by Buchanan. Tillman was responsible for Buchanan's schedule, especially after Buchanan received the Nobel Prize in 1986 when she became his official agent. Types of material include correspondence, calendars, schedules, and travel documents. Similar files that may have been kept by Buchanan are located in Series 5: Professional Service, Subseries 1: Conferences and events.","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted due to personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted due to personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted due to personally identifiable information","Flagged items restricted due to personally identifiable information","Jo Ann Burgess was an administrative assistant at the Center for Study of Public Choice from 1989 to 2014. She was responsible for the library at the Center and for the management of Buchanan's papers. Additionally, she was the secretary for the Public Choice Society and edited much of Buchanan's published works in the 1990s and 2000s, notably  The Collected Works of James M. Buchanan , published by the Liberty Fund. As her work was closely tied to Buchanan's and the Center, her papers are somewhat integrated with Buchanan's and the Center papers. In the course of processing, some of her papers were able to be identified as a discrete series.","There are four subseries: Correspondence; Office administration; Liberty Fund editorial work; and Public Choice Society.","This subseries contains emails, letters, cards, notes, and memoranda, both personal and relating to Burgess' work with Buchanan at the Center for Study of Public Choice. The subseries is arranged alphabetically.","Flagged items restricted due to FERPA","This subseries contains materials created as part of Burgess' duties working for the Center for Study of Public Choice and as an assistant to Buchanan. It includes edited copies of Buchanan's writings; emails; correspondence written on behalf of Buchanan; calendars; Buchanan's class materials; notes; visiting scholars program files, and working files. Working files are groupings of papers that Burgess never filed out into separate folders. They are combinations of emails, schedules, memoranda, writings drafts, invoices, and other administrative papers. The subseries is arranged alphabetically.","Folder restricted due to personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted for financial information.","Flagged items restricted for financial and personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted for financial information.","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Folder restricted due to FERPA.","Folder restricted due to FERPA.","Folder restricted due to FERPA.","Folder restricted due to FERPA.","Folder contains a CD of Betty Tillman photographs","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.","Contains CD","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.","Folder restricted due to FERPA.","The family name is Ma and personal name is Jun. It was originally misfiled by Burgess with the family name as Jun and the personal name as Ma.","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.","Folder includes handwritten draft of \"Panglosian Politics\"","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Folder includes a 3.5\" floppy disk.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Flagged items restricted due to FERPA.","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted for FERPA.","Folder restricted due to FERPA.","Folder restricted due to FERPA.","This subseries contains materials created as part of Burgess' work editing  The Collected Works of James M. Buchanan  and  The Selected Works of Gordon Tullock . It includes editorial committee notes and memoranda; lists of contents; correspondence; edited typescripts; permissions requests; planning documents; drafts; and working files. The subseries is arranged alphabetically. The large majority of the materials are related to  The Collected Works of James M. Buchanan , materials related to  The Selected Works of Gordon Tullock  are noted separately. The subseries is arranged alphabetically.","This subseries contains materials relating to the Public Choice Society, a professional organization for scholars from any academic discipline interested in public choice. Burgess was the secretary for the Public Choice Society from 1989 from 2014. Materials include correspondence, conference planning documents, and administrative files created as part of Burgess' work with the Society. The subseries is arranged chronologically.","Flagged items restricted for financial information.","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted for financial information.","Flagged items restricted for personally identifiable information.","Flagged items restricted for financial information.","This series contains articles, books, and other writings by authors other than Buchanan. Some materials have notes and annotations. Some materials contain correspondence with the authors. Some writings are about Buchanan and his ideas. Some writings were filed by author, others were in folders containing writings from multiple different authors. No additional filing out of writings was done under the NEH grant. The series is arranged alphabetically by surname of author. Materials where Buchanan is a coauthor are found in Series 3: Writings.","Back cover has penciled notes of James Buchanan's on joint supply","contains annotations by Buchanan","Includes the Foundations for Normative Individulism by James Buchanan.","Original discarded due to mold damage.","Scope Note: heavily annotated by Buchanan","This series contains audiocassettes, videotapes, CDs, DVDs, floppy disks, and associated paper materials. Audiovisual material topics include recordings of the Nobel ceremony and press coverage; interviews and lectures by Buchanan and others; television appearances; programs of related interest to Buchanan; and Center for Study of Public Choice events. Born-digital material topics include Center photographs and drafts of writings. Materials are arranged by format, and then chronologically.","Some materials have been digitized. Please contact speccoll@gmu.edu to ensure that the specific materials you are interested in viewing are able to be accessed."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIssue of \u003ctitle\u003eThe Wall Street Journal\u003c/title\u003e, December 21, 1992 removed and housed in Box 543.\u003c/p\u003e"],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["Issue of  The Wall Street Journal , December 21, 1992 removed and housed in Box 543."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_0bc2473150c319436276a1da8ef369a9\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe James M. Buchanan papers consist of materials created primarily by economist James M. Buchanan (1919-2013) from the years 1936-2014. There are also materials created by the Center for Study of Public Choice, an academic unit associated with Virginia Tech (1969-1983) and George Mason University (1983-). The papers document Buchanan's career and academic output, primarily in the field of public choice economics and political economy.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The James M. Buchanan papers consist of materials created primarily by economist James M. Buchanan (1919-2013) from the years 1936-2014. There are also materials created by the Center for Study of Public Choice, an academic unit associated with Virginia Tech (1969-1983) and George Mason University (1983-). The papers document Buchanan's career and academic output, primarily in the field of public choice economics and political economy."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_b0c53c39bdb12bf69a095c3db88292a9\"\u003e\nR 101 - 102\n\nOS R 1, C 3, S 3-5\nMap Case 24.1\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["\nR 101 - 102\n\nOS R 1, C 3, S 3-5\nMap Case 24.1"],"names_coll_ssim":["George Mason University. Center for Study of Public Choice","Public Choice Society"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","George Mason University. Center for Study of Public Choice","Public Choice Society","Buchanan, Ann Bakke","Buchanan, James M.","Burgess, Jo Ann S.","Tillman, Betty H."],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","George Mason University. Center for Study of Public Choice","Public Choice Society"],"persname_ssim":["Buchanan, Ann Bakke","Buchanan, James M.","Burgess, Jo Ann S.","Tillman, Betty H."],"language_ssim":["The bulk of the materials are in English. Additional languages in the collection include German, Italian, French, Spanish, Norwegian, Dutch, Turkish, Japanese, Korean, and Chinese."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":8943,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-05T07:18:42.949Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_367_c02_c02_c01"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1030_c03_c07","type":"Subseries","attributes":{"title":"1960s","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1030_c03_c07#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1030_c03_c07","ref_ssm":["viu_repositories_3_resources_1030_c03_c07"],"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1030_c03_c07","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1030","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1030","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1030_c03","parent_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1030_c03","parent_ssim":["viu_repositories_3_resources_1030","viu_repositories_3_resources_1030_c03"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viu_repositories_3_resources_1030","viu_repositories_3_resources_1030_c03"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Charles M. Robinson and Principals Architectural Records","Architectural drawings"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Charles M. Robinson and Principals Architectural Records","Architectural drawings"],"text":["Charles M. Robinson and Principals Architectural Records","Architectural drawings","1960s"],"title_filing_ssi":"1960s","title_ssm":["1960s"],"title_tesim":["1960s"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1960-1969"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1960/1969"],"normalized_title_ssm":["1960s"],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"collection_ssim":["Charles M. Robinson and Principals Architectural Records"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":201,"level_ssm":["Subseries"],"level_ssim":["Subseries"],"sort_isi":1135,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["This collection has been minimally processed and is available for research. Please note, part of this collection is housed at Ivy Stacks, an off-site storage facility. Requests for materials housed at Ivy Stacks require at least 72 hours' notice."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["This collection contains some in-copyright material. Visit our Permissions and Publishing page (https://www.library.virginia.edu/special-collections/services/publishing) for more information about use of Special Collections materials. The library can provide copyright information upon request, but users are responsible for making their own determination about lawful use of collections materials."],"date_range_isim":[1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969],"_nest_path_":"/components#2/components#6","timestamp":"2026-05-28T16:05:34.006Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1030","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1030","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1030","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1030","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1030.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/121246","title_filing_ssi":"Robinson, Charles M. and Principals Architectural Records","title_ssm":["Charles M. Robinson and Principals Architectural Records"],"title_tesim":["Charles M. Robinson and Principals Architectural Records"],"unitdate_ssm":["Circa 1855-2012"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["Circa 1855-2012"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16518","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1030"],"text":["MSS 16518","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1030","Charles M. Robinson and Principals Architectural Records","Architecture, Modern -- 20th century -- Designs and plans","Architecture, Domestic -- Designs and plans.","Architects and community -- Virginia.","Architects -- Virginia.","Blueprints (reprographic copies)","architectural drawings (visual works)","design drawings","This collection is open for research.","Some of the architectural works are brittle or torn and need to be handled delicately.","Photographic materials need to be handled with proper gloves.","Please note, part of this collection is housed at Ivy Stacks, an off-site storage facility. Requests for materials housed at Ivy Stacks require at least 72 hours' notice.","Folder 93 (drawings for Commission No. 15400) is a custom made oversized folder made from stiff board, and requires specific handling instructions. These instructions are also found on the folder.","To view the drawings untie the knots of the ribbons found on the sides of the folder. After opening the folder, untie knotted ribbon that holds the interior board in place, and then remove the board.","After viewing, place the interior board white side down on top of the curled edge before closing the folder to prevent the blueprint from curling. Then tie horizontal ribbon so the interior board sandwiches the blueprints tightly. Please make sure the blueprint doesn't curl on itself before closing the top flap. Finally, tie the exterior ribbons at the sides of the folder.","This collection has been minimally processed and is available for research. Please note, part of this collection is housed at Ivy Stacks, an off-site storage facility. Requests for materials housed at Ivy Stacks require at least 72 hours' notice.","Due the physical condition of this item, it is housed in a custom made oversized folder made from stiff board, and requires specific handling instructions. These instructions are also found on the folder.","To view the drawings untie the knots of the ribbons found on the sides of the folder. After opening the folder, untie knotted ribbon that holds the interior board in place, and then remove the board.","After viewing, place the interior board white side down on top of the curled edge before closing the folder to prevent the blueprint from curling. Then tie horizontal ribbon so the interior board sandwiches the blueprints tightly. Please make sure the blueprint doesn't curl on itself before closing the top flap. Finally, tie the exterior ribbons at the sides of the folder.","The collection is arranged into four main series: ","Series 1 - Charles M. Robinson records, 1978, 2020, undated","Series 2 -  Office records, 1935-1992, undated","Series 3 - Architectural drawings, 1907-2012","Series 4 - Project photograph files, 1855-1999, undated","Series 2 and 4 are further arranged into large files, and Series 3 is arranged first into subseries, then into files.","The files in Series 2, Office records, are arranged accoring to the significance of the documents to the firm's operations.","In Series 3, Architectural drawings, the subseries are named after each decade, beginning with 1900s and ending with the 2010s. The files below these subseries are project titles arranged in general chronological order grouped together by year.","The files in Series 4, Project photograph files, are arranged alphabetically. ","Charles Morrison Robinson  was born on  March 3, 1867 , in  Hamilton, Loudoun County, Virginia . He was the eldest son of  architect  and builder  James T. Robinson  and  Elizabeth Crockett Robinson . His family relocated to  Welland, Ontario , where he completed his early schooling before beginning architectural training under  D.S. Hopkins  in  Grand Rapids, Michigan , and  John K. Peebles  in  Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania . In  1889 , he formed his first partnership—Smith \u0026 Robinson—in  Altoona, Pennsylvania . He married  Annie Custer  in  1891 , and their son,  Charles Custer Robinson , was born two years later.  ","Following years of practice in Pennsylvania, including partnerships with  George T. Smith ,  R.B. Crockett , and  George Winkler ,  Robinson  returned to  Virginia  in  1906 , establishing Charles M. Robinson, Architect in  Richmond . Robinson became a leading designer for a future comprehensive statewide public school system mandated by Virginia's 1902 Constitution.  ","Between  1906  and  1932 , Robinson's practice produced plans for more than 400 public schools and many university buildings, including commissions in  Richmond ,  Norfolk ,  Newport News ,  Portsmouth , and dozens of rural counties. Robinson's standardized plans were paired with styles ranging from Arts \u0026 Crafts to Collegiate Gothic, Spanish Revival, and Art Deco. His schools featured ample light, logical circulation, and adaptable common spaces. ","In  1908  he won the commission to design the campus of the State Normal School at  Harrisonburg , now James Madison University, designing its first seven buildings and subsequent expansions through 1928. He designed foundational campuses for the institutions now known as the University of Mary Washington, Radford University, and Virginia State University, and oversaw more than sixty major projects for the College of William \u0026 Mary between 1921 and 1931, including the Sunken Garden and numerous residence halls, academic buildings, and the George Preston Blow Gymnasium. ","His practice also extended beyond education. In 1918 he designed the tuberculosis sanitariums (sanatoriums) at  Catawba ,  Burkeville , and  Charlottesville  for the Virginia State Board of Health. In Richmond, he designed civic and commercial structures, including the Times-Dispatch Building, Stuart Circle Hospital, Grace Hospital, St. Elizabeth's Hospital, the Sunday School Building at Ginter Park Methodist Church, and (in partnership with his former apprentice Marcellus Wright, Sr.) the ACCA Shriner Mosque—today the Altria Theater. Residentially, his Laburnum Court development introduced an early twentieth-century model of middle-class housing arranged around a landscaped central park.  ","By the 1920s, Robinson had expanded his firm to include his son Charles Custer Robinson,  Benjamin A. Ruffin , and  John Binford Walford , who became partners in Charles M. Robinson, Architects in 1922. Although Robinson retired to his farm in Hampton in  1926 , he remained professionally active, producing drawings at home and visiting construction sites. Robinson died on  August 20, 1932 , at age 66 in a Norfolk hospital, and the firm was formally dissolved the following day.  ","The practice he founded continued through multiple generations of architects, evolving through successive names—J. Binford Walford, Architect (1932–1946); Walford \u0026 Wright (1946–1962); Wright, Jones \u0026 Wilkerson (1962–1991); Wright, Jones, Wilkerson, Rothschild \u0026 Boynton (1991–1994); and finally Boynton, Rothschild, Rowland (1994–2020). The firm remained active for more than a century before being acquired in 2020.","Reference List:","Arlington County Historical Affairs and Landmark Review Board. (2008, September). Historic District Designation Form. Arlington County Register of Historic Places. https://www.arlingtonva.us/files/sharedassets/public/v/1/projects/documents/wraps_localhistoricdistrictdesignation_wilsonschool_2009.pdf","Ledger-Star, Norfolk, VA. (1932, August 22). Charles M. Robinson Prominent Architect, Dies; Burial Today. Newspapers.com by Ancestry. https://www.newspapers.com/article/ledger-star-charles-m-robinson-prominen/166469428/","Loth, C. (1999). The Virginia Landmarks Register. The University Press of Virginia. https://books.google.com/booksid=NJa_64aH1iMC\u0026q=charles+robinson#v=onepage\u0026q=charles%20robinson\u0026f=false","Morgan, S.W. (2019, September 24). Virginia's Unsung Architect. Richmond Magazine. https://richmondmagazine.com/home/latest/charles-robinson-branch-museum/","Moyer, L. (n.d.). Halls of History. University of Mary Washington Magazine. https://magazine.umw.edu/spring2013/features/halls-of-history/","Preservation Durham. (n.d.). Robinson, Charles M. Open Durham from Preservation Durham. https://www.opendurham.org/people/robinson-charles-m","Robinson, D.B. (n.d.). Charles M. Robinson: A Virginia Architectural History. https://www.charlesmrobinson.com/index.html","United States Department of the Interior National Park Service. (1992, October 31). National Register of Historic Places Multiple Property Documentation Form. Internet rchive Wayback Machine. https://web.archive.org/web/20101111233435/http://www.dhr.virginia.gov/registers/Counties/MultipleCounty/127-0845_PublicSchoolsinRichmondMPS_NPS_final.pdf","Winthrop, R.P. (2015, January 27). Architects of Richmond: Charles M. Robinson. Architecture Richmond. https://architecturerichmond.com/architects-of-richmond-charles-m-robinson/","CONTENT WARNING:\nThis material contains offensive or harmful language. This material contains references to outdated terminology for African Americans, as well as for Native Americans. The terms \"Colored\" and Negro\", in commom parlance when the drawings were created, are used throughout the architectural drawings to refer to Black people. The term \"Indian\" is also used to refer to Native Americans. These terms are primarily found in the titles of architectural drawings. Titles remain as they were found for historical context. The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials.","Some items in this collection sustained damage from pests and/or mold prior to coming to the Library. Preservation staff has frozen and stabilized the items to prevent further damage from pests or mold and cleaned the items to facilitate handling. 10/20/23","The commission number for this set of drawings is the same as the number for the \"John W. Daniel School, Newport News Schools, VA, 1913\" drawings. However, there is no indication of the projects being related.","The commission number for this set of drawings is the same as the number for the \"Eastville High School, Northampton County, VA, 1913\" drawings. However, there is no indication of the projects being related.","The Charles M. Robinson and Principals Architectural Records consist of materials about Charles M. Robinson, and the office records, architectural and design plans, and project photograph files of the Charles M. Robinson, Architect firm and successor firms. The materials document the business operations of the firms, as well as their role in developing the city of Richmond, VA, and in developing various institutions and organizations across the state of Virginia. The works in this collection also demonstrate the significance of the firm's activities on communities in these areas. It is divided into four series. ","Series 1, Charles M. Robinson Files (1978, 2020, undated; 1 folder), includes copies of documents about Charles M. Robinson, such as a copy of his Architecture License. There is also a copy of a short essay about Robinson's role in the construction of the ACCA Shrine, now known as the Altria Theater. ","Series 2, Office records (circa 1935-1992, undated; 18 folders), includes office records, which are arranged in decreasing order of their significance/functionality to the firm's operations. Most notably are the lists of commissions, index to the architectural drawings, and the commission notes. These records cover the majority of the timeline following Robinson's death. ","Series 3, Architectural drawings (1907-2012, undated; 3 oversized boxes, 93 flat file folders, 4 tubes, 1457 tube boxes), the largest part of this collection, consists of the firm's architectural drawings and design plans, as well as the drawings and plans Robinson created in his role as the official school board architect for several cities and counties in Virginia, and as an architect for the Virginia State Board of Health. They span more than a century beginning in 1907 and ending in 2012 and represent over 1600 projects.   ","Included are drawings, designs, and plans for educational institutions, hospitals, churches, offices, retail stores, private residences, and plots across the state of Virginia. The series also includes topographic maps and site studies. There are original designs, proposed designs, voided designs, additions, alterations, and renovations. The designs are comprehensive, and include work on interiors and exteriors, plumbing and ventilation systems, and landscape works. ","Primary, secondary, and post-secondary schools in locations across Virginia are very well represented by the plans in this collection. More well-known post-secondary educational institutions include the College of William and Mary, James Madison University, Raford University, University of Mary Washington, George Mason University, and Virginia Commonwealth University. However, the number of primary and secondary schools represented in the collection is even greater. ","Of particular significance are the designs and plans the firm created for educational institutions for students from underrepresented, historically oppressed, and marginalized groups. These include the Virginia School for the Deaf and Blind, the Virginia State University, the nation's first fully-state supported four-year post-secondary learning institution for Black Americans, and the HBCUs Norfolk State University and Virginia Union University. ","The works that Robinson completed as an architect for the Virginia State Board of Health include plans and designs for the Catawba, Blue Ridge, and Piedmont Tuberculosis sanitoriums (rehabilitation center, hospice, etc.). Robinson's work in this role also affected the lives of people from underrepresented groups, as the Piedmont institution was developed specifically for the care of Black residents of Virginia. ","Series 4, Project photograph files (circa 1855-1999, undated; 9 boxes, 15 folders), includes many of the project photograph files from the architectural firm. Although there are some items from Robinson's time with the firm, the large majority are dated and document the projects from after his death on August 20, 1932. The photograph file index introduces the rest of the series, which includes prints, negatives, photo documentation from John Binford Walford and Oscar Pendleton Wright's photograph albums, and undated presentation photos. ","Dates: 1907 – 2012, bulk date 1907-1995  ","This series consists of architectural rolls that contain drawings, designs, and plans of educational institutions, hospitals, churches, offices, retail stores, and private residences across the state of Virginia. The series also includes rolls that hold topographic maps, plot and general layouts, and site studies. The drawings comprise original designs, proposed designs, voided designs, additions, alterations, and renovations. The designs are comprehensive, and include work on interiors and exteriors, plumbing and ventilation systems, and landscape works. For a detailed inventory of the drawings, please see the Charles M. Robinson architectural records drawing inventory in the External Documents field.","This collection contains some in-copyright material. Visit our Permissions and Publishing page (https://www.library.virginia.edu/special-collections/services/publishing) for more information about use of Special Collections materials. The library can provide copyright information upon request, but users are responsible for making their own determination about lawful use of collections materials.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Robinson","Robinson, Charles  M. (Morrison), 1867-1932","Charles Morrison Robinson","James T. Robinson","Elizabeth Crockett Robinson","D.S. Hopkins","John K. Peebles","Annie Custer","Charles Custer Robinson","George T. Smith","R.B. Crockett","George Winkler","Benjamin A. Ruffin","John Binford Walford","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16518","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1030"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Charles M. Robinson and Principals Architectural Records"],"collection_title_tesim":["Charles M. Robinson and Principals Architectural Records"],"collection_ssim":["Charles M. Robinson and Principals Architectural Records"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_ssm":["Robinson, Charles  M. (Morrison), 1867-1932"],"creator_ssim":["Robinson, Charles  M. (Morrison), 1867-1932"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Robinson, Charles  M. (Morrison), 1867-1932"],"creators_ssim":["Robinson, Charles  M. (Morrison), 1867-1932"],"access_terms_ssm":["This collection contains some in-copyright material. Visit our Permissions and Publishing page (https://www.library.virginia.edu/special-collections/services/publishing) for more information about use of Special Collections materials. The library can provide copyright information upon request, but users are responsible for making their own determination about lawful use of collections materials."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Purchased from David Robinson, 2021-03-31"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Architecture, Modern -- 20th century -- Designs and plans","Architecture, Domestic -- Designs and plans.","Architects and community -- Virginia.","Architects -- Virginia.","Blueprints (reprographic copies)","architectural drawings (visual works)","design drawings"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Architecture, Modern -- 20th century -- Designs and plans","Architecture, Domestic -- Designs and plans.","Architects and community -- Virginia.","Architects -- Virginia.","Blueprints (reprographic copies)","architectural drawings (visual works)","design drawings"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["278.62 Cubic Feet 1768 rolls of architectural drawings housed in 1458 tube boxes, 4 tube rolls, 93 oversized flat file folders, and 2 oversized flat boxes. 11 legal document boxes, 1 oversized flat box, and 9 oversized flat folders of records"],"extent_tesim":["278.62 Cubic Feet 1768 rolls of architectural drawings housed in 1458 tube boxes, 4 tube rolls, 93 oversized flat file folders, and 2 oversized flat boxes. 11 legal document boxes, 1 oversized flat box, and 9 oversized flat folders of records"],"genreform_ssim":["Blueprints (reprographic copies)","architectural drawings (visual works)","design drawings"],"date_range_isim":[1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSome of the architectural works are brittle or torn and need to be handled delicately.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePhotographic materials need to be handled with proper gloves.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePlease note, part of this collection is housed at Ivy Stacks, an off-site storage facility. Requests for materials housed at Ivy Stacks require at least 72 hours' notice.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFolder 93 (drawings for Commission No. 15400) is a custom made oversized folder made from stiff board, and requires specific handling instructions. These instructions are also found on the folder.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTo view the drawings untie the knots of the ribbons found on the sides of the folder. After opening the folder, untie knotted ribbon that holds the interior board in place, and then remove the board.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAfter viewing, place the interior board white side down on top of the curled edge before closing the folder to prevent the blueprint from curling. Then tie horizontal ribbon so the interior board sandwiches the blueprints tightly. Please make sure the blueprint doesn't curl on itself before closing the top flap. Finally, tie the exterior ribbons at the sides of the folder.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis collection has been minimally processed and is available for research. Please note, part of this collection is housed at Ivy Stacks, an off-site storage facility. Requests for materials housed at Ivy Stacks require at least 72 hours' notice.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDue the physical condition of this item, it is housed in a custom made oversized folder made from stiff board, and requires specific handling instructions. These instructions are also found on the folder.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTo view the drawings untie the knots of the ribbons found on the sides of the folder. After opening the folder, untie knotted ribbon that holds the interior board in place, and then remove the board.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAfter viewing, place the interior board white side down on top of the curled edge before closing the folder to prevent the blueprint from curling. Then tie horizontal ribbon so the interior board sandwiches the blueprints tightly. Please make sure the blueprint doesn't curl on itself before closing the top flap. Finally, tie the exterior ribbons at the sides of the folder.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access","Physical Access","Conditions Governing Access","Physical Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open for research.","Some of the architectural works are brittle or torn and need to be handled delicately.","Photographic materials need to be handled with proper gloves.","Please note, part of this collection is housed at Ivy Stacks, an off-site storage facility. Requests for materials housed at Ivy Stacks require at least 72 hours' notice.","Folder 93 (drawings for Commission No. 15400) is a custom made oversized folder made from stiff board, and requires specific handling instructions. These instructions are also found on the folder.","To view the drawings untie the knots of the ribbons found on the sides of the folder. After opening the folder, untie knotted ribbon that holds the interior board in place, and then remove the board.","After viewing, place the interior board white side down on top of the curled edge before closing the folder to prevent the blueprint from curling. Then tie horizontal ribbon so the interior board sandwiches the blueprints tightly. Please make sure the blueprint doesn't curl on itself before closing the top flap. Finally, tie the exterior ribbons at the sides of the folder.","This collection has been minimally processed and is available for research. Please note, part of this collection is housed at Ivy Stacks, an off-site storage facility. Requests for materials housed at Ivy Stacks require at least 72 hours' notice.","Due the physical condition of this item, it is housed in a custom made oversized folder made from stiff board, and requires specific handling instructions. These instructions are also found on the folder.","To view the drawings untie the knots of the ribbons found on the sides of the folder. After opening the folder, untie knotted ribbon that holds the interior board in place, and then remove the board.","After viewing, place the interior board white side down on top of the curled edge before closing the folder to prevent the blueprint from curling. Then tie horizontal ribbon so the interior board sandwiches the blueprints tightly. Please make sure the blueprint doesn't curl on itself before closing the top flap. Finally, tie the exterior ribbons at the sides of the folder."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged into four main series: \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1 - Charles M. Robinson records, 1978, 2020, undated\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2 -  Office records, 1935-1992, undated\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 3 - Architectural drawings, 1907-2012\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 4 - Project photograph files, 1855-1999, undated\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2 and 4 are further arranged into large files, and Series 3 is arranged first into subseries, then into files.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe files in Series 2, Office records, are arranged accoring to the significance of the documents to the firm's operations.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn Series 3, Architectural drawings, the subseries are named after each decade, beginning with 1900s and ending with the 2010s. The files below these subseries are project titles arranged in general chronological order grouped together by year.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe files in Series 4, Project photograph files, are arranged alphabetically. \u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged into four main series: ","Series 1 - Charles M. Robinson records, 1978, 2020, undated","Series 2 -  Office records, 1935-1992, undated","Series 3 - Architectural drawings, 1907-2012","Series 4 - Project photograph files, 1855-1999, undated","Series 2 and 4 are further arranged into large files, and Series 3 is arranged first into subseries, then into files.","The files in Series 2, Office records, are arranged accoring to the significance of the documents to the firm's operations.","In Series 3, Architectural drawings, the subseries are named after each decade, beginning with 1900s and ending with the 2010s. The files below these subseries are project titles arranged in general chronological order grouped together by year.","The files in Series 4, Project photograph files, are arranged alphabetically. "],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cpersname\u003eCharles Morrison Robinson\u003c/persname\u003e was born on \u003cdate\u003eMarch 3, 1867\u003c/date\u003e, in \u003cgeogname\u003eHamilton, Loudoun County, Virginia\u003c/geogname\u003e. He was the eldest son of \u003coccupation\u003earchitect\u003c/occupation\u003e and builder \u003cpersname\u003eJames T. Robinson\u003c/persname\u003e and \u003cpersname\u003eElizabeth Crockett Robinson\u003c/persname\u003e. His family relocated to \u003cgeogname\u003eWelland, Ontario\u003c/geogname\u003e, where he completed his early schooling before beginning architectural training under \u003cpersname\u003eD.S. Hopkins\u003c/persname\u003e in \u003cgeogname\u003eGrand Rapids, Michigan\u003c/geogname\u003e, and \u003cpersname\u003eJohn K. Peebles\u003c/persname\u003e in \u003cgeogname\u003ePittsburgh, Pennsylvania\u003c/geogname\u003e. In \u003cdate\u003e1889\u003c/date\u003e, he formed his first partnership—Smith \u0026amp; Robinson—in \u003cgeogname\u003eAltoona, Pennsylvania\u003c/geogname\u003e. He married \u003cpersname\u003eAnnie Custer\u003c/persname\u003e in \u003cdate\u003e1891\u003c/date\u003e, and their son, \u003cpersname\u003eCharles Custer Robinson\u003c/persname\u003e, was born two years later.  \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFollowing years of practice in Pennsylvania, including partnerships with \u003cpersname\u003eGeorge T. Smith\u003c/persname\u003e, \u003cpersname\u003eR.B. Crockett\u003c/persname\u003e, and \u003cpersname\u003eGeorge Winkler\u003c/persname\u003e, \u003cfamname\u003eRobinson\u003c/famname\u003e returned to \u003cgeogname\u003eVirginia\u003c/geogname\u003e in \u003cdate\u003e1906\u003c/date\u003e, establishing Charles M. Robinson, Architect in \u003cgeogname\u003eRichmond\u003c/geogname\u003e. Robinson became a leading designer for a future comprehensive statewide public school system mandated by Virginia's 1902 Constitution.  \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBetween \u003cdate\u003e1906\u003c/date\u003e and \u003cdate\u003e1932\u003c/date\u003e, Robinson's practice produced plans for more than 400 public schools and many university buildings, including commissions in \u003cgeogname\u003eRichmond\u003c/geogname\u003e, \u003cgeogname\u003eNorfolk\u003c/geogname\u003e, \u003cgeogname\u003eNewport News\u003c/geogname\u003e, \u003cgeogname\u003ePortsmouth\u003c/geogname\u003e, and dozens of rural counties. Robinson's standardized plans were paired with styles ranging from Arts \u0026amp; Crafts to Collegiate Gothic, Spanish Revival, and Art Deco. His schools featured ample light, logical circulation, and adaptable common spaces. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn \u003cdate\u003e1908\u003c/date\u003e he won the commission to design the campus of the State Normal School at \u003cgeogname\u003eHarrisonburg\u003c/geogname\u003e, now James Madison University, designing its first seven buildings and subsequent expansions through 1928. He designed foundational campuses for the institutions now known as the University of Mary Washington, Radford University, and Virginia State University, and oversaw more than sixty major projects for the College of William \u0026amp; Mary between 1921 and 1931, including the Sunken Garden and numerous residence halls, academic buildings, and the George Preston Blow Gymnasium. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHis practice also extended beyond education. In 1918 he designed the tuberculosis sanitariums (sanatoriums) at \u003cgeogname\u003eCatawba\u003c/geogname\u003e, \u003cgeogname\u003eBurkeville\u003c/geogname\u003e, and \u003cgeogname\u003eCharlottesville\u003c/geogname\u003e for the Virginia State Board of Health. In Richmond, he designed civic and commercial structures, including the Times-Dispatch Building, Stuart Circle Hospital, Grace Hospital, St. Elizabeth's Hospital, the Sunday School Building at Ginter Park Methodist Church, and (in partnership with his former apprentice Marcellus Wright, Sr.) the ACCA Shriner Mosque—today the Altria Theater. Residentially, his Laburnum Court development introduced an early twentieth-century model of middle-class housing arranged around a landscaped central park.  \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBy the 1920s, Robinson had expanded his firm to include his son Charles Custer Robinson, \u003cpersname\u003eBenjamin A. Ruffin\u003c/persname\u003e, and \u003cpersname\u003eJohn Binford Walford\u003c/persname\u003e, who became partners in Charles M. Robinson, Architects in 1922. Although Robinson retired to his farm in Hampton in \u003cdate\u003e1926\u003c/date\u003e, he remained professionally active, producing drawings at home and visiting construction sites. Robinson died on \u003cdate\u003eAugust 20, 1932\u003c/date\u003e, at age 66 in a Norfolk hospital, and the firm was formally dissolved the following day.  \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe practice he founded continued through multiple generations of architects, evolving through successive names—J. Binford Walford, Architect (1932–1946); Walford \u0026amp; Wright (1946–1962); Wright, Jones \u0026amp; Wilkerson (1962–1991); Wright, Jones, Wilkerson, Rothschild \u0026amp; Boynton (1991–1994); and finally Boynton, Rothschild, Rowland (1994–2020). The firm remained active for more than a century before being acquired in 2020.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReference List:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eArlington County Historical Affairs and Landmark Review Board. (2008, September). Historic District Designation Form. Arlington County Register of Historic Places. https://www.arlingtonva.us/files/sharedassets/public/v/1/projects/documents/wraps_localhistoricdistrictdesignation_wilsonschool_2009.pdf\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eLedger-Star, Norfolk, VA. (1932, August 22). Charles M. Robinson Prominent Architect, Dies; Burial Today. Newspapers.com by Ancestry. https://www.newspapers.com/article/ledger-star-charles-m-robinson-prominen/166469428/\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eLoth, C. (1999). The Virginia Landmarks Register. The University Press of Virginia. https://books.google.com/booksid=NJa_64aH1iMC\u0026amp;q=charles+robinson#v=onepage\u0026amp;q=charles%20robinson\u0026amp;f=false\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMorgan, S.W. (2019, September 24). Virginia's Unsung Architect. Richmond Magazine. https://richmondmagazine.com/home/latest/charles-robinson-branch-museum/\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMoyer, L. (n.d.). Halls of History. University of Mary Washington Magazine. https://magazine.umw.edu/spring2013/features/halls-of-history/\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePreservation Durham. (n.d.). Robinson, Charles M. Open Durham from Preservation Durham. https://www.opendurham.org/people/robinson-charles-m\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eRobinson, D.B. (n.d.). Charles M. Robinson: A Virginia Architectural History. https://www.charlesmrobinson.com/index.html\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eUnited States Department of the Interior National Park Service. (1992, October 31). National Register of Historic Places Multiple Property Documentation Form. Internet rchive Wayback Machine. https://web.archive.org/web/20101111233435/http://www.dhr.virginia.gov/registers/Counties/MultipleCounty/127-0845_PublicSchoolsinRichmondMPS_NPS_final.pdf\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWinthrop, R.P. (2015, January 27). Architects of Richmond: Charles M. Robinson. Architecture Richmond. https://architecturerichmond.com/architects-of-richmond-charles-m-robinson/\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Charles Morrison Robinson  was born on  March 3, 1867 , in  Hamilton, Loudoun County, Virginia . He was the eldest son of  architect  and builder  James T. Robinson  and  Elizabeth Crockett Robinson . His family relocated to  Welland, Ontario , where he completed his early schooling before beginning architectural training under  D.S. Hopkins  in  Grand Rapids, Michigan , and  John K. Peebles  in  Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania . In  1889 , he formed his first partnership—Smith \u0026 Robinson—in  Altoona, Pennsylvania . He married  Annie Custer  in  1891 , and their son,  Charles Custer Robinson , was born two years later.  ","Following years of practice in Pennsylvania, including partnerships with  George T. Smith ,  R.B. Crockett , and  George Winkler ,  Robinson  returned to  Virginia  in  1906 , establishing Charles M. Robinson, Architect in  Richmond . Robinson became a leading designer for a future comprehensive statewide public school system mandated by Virginia's 1902 Constitution.  ","Between  1906  and  1932 , Robinson's practice produced plans for more than 400 public schools and many university buildings, including commissions in  Richmond ,  Norfolk ,  Newport News ,  Portsmouth , and dozens of rural counties. Robinson's standardized plans were paired with styles ranging from Arts \u0026 Crafts to Collegiate Gothic, Spanish Revival, and Art Deco. His schools featured ample light, logical circulation, and adaptable common spaces. ","In  1908  he won the commission to design the campus of the State Normal School at  Harrisonburg , now James Madison University, designing its first seven buildings and subsequent expansions through 1928. He designed foundational campuses for the institutions now known as the University of Mary Washington, Radford University, and Virginia State University, and oversaw more than sixty major projects for the College of William \u0026 Mary between 1921 and 1931, including the Sunken Garden and numerous residence halls, academic buildings, and the George Preston Blow Gymnasium. ","His practice also extended beyond education. In 1918 he designed the tuberculosis sanitariums (sanatoriums) at  Catawba ,  Burkeville , and  Charlottesville  for the Virginia State Board of Health. In Richmond, he designed civic and commercial structures, including the Times-Dispatch Building, Stuart Circle Hospital, Grace Hospital, St. Elizabeth's Hospital, the Sunday School Building at Ginter Park Methodist Church, and (in partnership with his former apprentice Marcellus Wright, Sr.) the ACCA Shriner Mosque—today the Altria Theater. Residentially, his Laburnum Court development introduced an early twentieth-century model of middle-class housing arranged around a landscaped central park.  ","By the 1920s, Robinson had expanded his firm to include his son Charles Custer Robinson,  Benjamin A. Ruffin , and  John Binford Walford , who became partners in Charles M. Robinson, Architects in 1922. Although Robinson retired to his farm in Hampton in  1926 , he remained professionally active, producing drawings at home and visiting construction sites. Robinson died on  August 20, 1932 , at age 66 in a Norfolk hospital, and the firm was formally dissolved the following day.  ","The practice he founded continued through multiple generations of architects, evolving through successive names—J. Binford Walford, Architect (1932–1946); Walford \u0026 Wright (1946–1962); Wright, Jones \u0026 Wilkerson (1962–1991); Wright, Jones, Wilkerson, Rothschild \u0026 Boynton (1991–1994); and finally Boynton, Rothschild, Rowland (1994–2020). The firm remained active for more than a century before being acquired in 2020.","Reference List:","Arlington County Historical Affairs and Landmark Review Board. (2008, September). Historic District Designation Form. Arlington County Register of Historic Places. https://www.arlingtonva.us/files/sharedassets/public/v/1/projects/documents/wraps_localhistoricdistrictdesignation_wilsonschool_2009.pdf","Ledger-Star, Norfolk, VA. (1932, August 22). Charles M. Robinson Prominent Architect, Dies; Burial Today. Newspapers.com by Ancestry. https://www.newspapers.com/article/ledger-star-charles-m-robinson-prominen/166469428/","Loth, C. (1999). The Virginia Landmarks Register. The University Press of Virginia. https://books.google.com/booksid=NJa_64aH1iMC\u0026q=charles+robinson#v=onepage\u0026q=charles%20robinson\u0026f=false","Morgan, S.W. (2019, September 24). Virginia's Unsung Architect. Richmond Magazine. https://richmondmagazine.com/home/latest/charles-robinson-branch-museum/","Moyer, L. (n.d.). Halls of History. University of Mary Washington Magazine. https://magazine.umw.edu/spring2013/features/halls-of-history/","Preservation Durham. (n.d.). Robinson, Charles M. Open Durham from Preservation Durham. https://www.opendurham.org/people/robinson-charles-m","Robinson, D.B. (n.d.). Charles M. Robinson: A Virginia Architectural History. https://www.charlesmrobinson.com/index.html","United States Department of the Interior National Park Service. (1992, October 31). National Register of Historic Places Multiple Property Documentation Form. Internet rchive Wayback Machine. https://web.archive.org/web/20101111233435/http://www.dhr.virginia.gov/registers/Counties/MultipleCounty/127-0845_PublicSchoolsinRichmondMPS_NPS_final.pdf","Winthrop, R.P. (2015, January 27). Architects of Richmond: Charles M. Robinson. Architecture Richmond. https://architecturerichmond.com/architects-of-richmond-charles-m-robinson/"],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCONTENT WARNING:\nThis material contains offensive or harmful language. This material contains references to outdated terminology for African Americans, as well as for Native Americans. The terms \"Colored\" and Negro\", in commom parlance when the drawings were created, are used throughout the architectural drawings to refer to Black people. The term \"Indian\" is also used to refer to Native Americans. These terms are primarily found in the titles of architectural drawings. Titles remain as they were found for historical context. The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSome items in this collection sustained damage from pests and/or mold prior to coming to the Library. Preservation staff has frozen and stabilized the items to prevent further damage from pests or mold and cleaned the items to facilitate handling. 10/20/23\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe commission number for this set of drawings is the same as the number for the \"John W. Daniel School, Newport News Schools, VA, 1913\" drawings. However, there is no indication of the projects being related.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe commission number for this set of drawings is the same as the number for the \"Eastville High School, Northampton County, VA, 1913\" drawings. However, there is no indication of the projects being related.\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Content Warning","Conservation and Preservation","General","General"],"odd_tesim":["CONTENT WARNING:\nThis material contains offensive or harmful language. This material contains references to outdated terminology for African Americans, as well as for Native Americans. The terms \"Colored\" and Negro\", in commom parlance when the drawings were created, are used throughout the architectural drawings to refer to Black people. The term \"Indian\" is also used to refer to Native Americans. These terms are primarily found in the titles of architectural drawings. Titles remain as they were found for historical context. The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials.","Some items in this collection sustained damage from pests and/or mold prior to coming to the Library. Preservation staff has frozen and stabilized the items to prevent further damage from pests or mold and cleaned the items to facilitate handling. 10/20/23","The commission number for this set of drawings is the same as the number for the \"John W. Daniel School, Newport News Schools, VA, 1913\" drawings. However, there is no indication of the projects being related.","The commission number for this set of drawings is the same as the number for the \"Eastville High School, Northampton County, VA, 1913\" drawings. However, there is no indication of the projects being related."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16518, Charles M. Robinson and Principals Architectural Records, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16518, Charles M. Robinson and Principals Architectural Records, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Charles M. Robinson and Principals Architectural Records consist of materials about Charles M. Robinson, and the office records, architectural and design plans, and project photograph files of the Charles M. Robinson, Architect firm and successor firms. The materials document the business operations of the firms, as well as their role in developing the city of Richmond, VA, and in developing various institutions and organizations across the state of Virginia. The works in this collection also demonstrate the significance of the firm's activities on communities in these areas. It is divided into four series. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1, Charles M. Robinson Files (1978, 2020, undated; 1 folder), includes copies of documents about Charles M. Robinson, such as a copy of his Architecture License. There is also a copy of a short essay about Robinson's role in the construction of the ACCA Shrine, now known as the Altria Theater. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2, Office records (circa 1935-1992, undated; 18 folders), includes office records, which are arranged in decreasing order of their significance/functionality to the firm's operations. Most notably are the lists of commissions, index to the architectural drawings, and the commission notes. These records cover the majority of the timeline following Robinson's death. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 3, Architectural drawings (1907-2012, undated; 3 oversized boxes, 93 flat file folders, 4 tubes, 1457 tube boxes), the largest part of this collection, consists of the firm's architectural drawings and design plans, as well as the drawings and plans Robinson created in his role as the official school board architect for several cities and counties in Virginia, and as an architect for the Virginia State Board of Health. They span more than a century beginning in 1907 and ending in 2012 and represent over 1600 projects.   \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIncluded are drawings, designs, and plans for educational institutions, hospitals, churches, offices, retail stores, private residences, and plots across the state of Virginia. The series also includes topographic maps and site studies. There are original designs, proposed designs, voided designs, additions, alterations, and renovations. The designs are comprehensive, and include work on interiors and exteriors, plumbing and ventilation systems, and landscape works. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePrimary, secondary, and post-secondary schools in locations across Virginia are very well represented by the plans in this collection. More well-known post-secondary educational institutions include the College of William and Mary, James Madison University, Raford University, University of Mary Washington, George Mason University, and Virginia Commonwealth University. However, the number of primary and secondary schools represented in the collection is even greater. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOf particular significance are the designs and plans the firm created for educational institutions for students from underrepresented, historically oppressed, and marginalized groups. These include the Virginia School for the Deaf and Blind, the Virginia State University, the nation's first fully-state supported four-year post-secondary learning institution for Black Americans, and the HBCUs Norfolk State University and Virginia Union University. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe works that Robinson completed as an architect for the Virginia State Board of Health include plans and designs for the Catawba, Blue Ridge, and Piedmont Tuberculosis sanitoriums (rehabilitation center, hospice, etc.). Robinson's work in this role also affected the lives of people from underrepresented groups, as the Piedmont institution was developed specifically for the care of Black residents of Virginia. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 4, Project photograph files (circa 1855-1999, undated; 9 boxes, 15 folders), includes many of the project photograph files from the architectural firm. Although there are some items from Robinson's time with the firm, the large majority are dated and document the projects from after his death on August 20, 1932. The photograph file index introduces the rest of the series, which includes prints, negatives, photo documentation from John Binford Walford and Oscar Pendleton Wright's photograph albums, and undated presentation photos. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDates: 1907 – 2012, bulk date 1907-1995  \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis series consists of architectural rolls that contain drawings, designs, and plans of educational institutions, hospitals, churches, offices, retail stores, and private residences across the state of Virginia. The series also includes rolls that hold topographic maps, plot and general layouts, and site studies. The drawings comprise original designs, proposed designs, voided designs, additions, alterations, and renovations. The designs are comprehensive, and include work on interiors and exteriors, plumbing and ventilation systems, and landscape works. For a detailed inventory of the drawings, please see the Charles M. Robinson architectural records drawing inventory in the External Documents field.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Charles M. Robinson and Principals Architectural Records consist of materials about Charles M. Robinson, and the office records, architectural and design plans, and project photograph files of the Charles M. Robinson, Architect firm and successor firms. The materials document the business operations of the firms, as well as their role in developing the city of Richmond, VA, and in developing various institutions and organizations across the state of Virginia. The works in this collection also demonstrate the significance of the firm's activities on communities in these areas. It is divided into four series. ","Series 1, Charles M. Robinson Files (1978, 2020, undated; 1 folder), includes copies of documents about Charles M. Robinson, such as a copy of his Architecture License. There is also a copy of a short essay about Robinson's role in the construction of the ACCA Shrine, now known as the Altria Theater. ","Series 2, Office records (circa 1935-1992, undated; 18 folders), includes office records, which are arranged in decreasing order of their significance/functionality to the firm's operations. Most notably are the lists of commissions, index to the architectural drawings, and the commission notes. These records cover the majority of the timeline following Robinson's death. ","Series 3, Architectural drawings (1907-2012, undated; 3 oversized boxes, 93 flat file folders, 4 tubes, 1457 tube boxes), the largest part of this collection, consists of the firm's architectural drawings and design plans, as well as the drawings and plans Robinson created in his role as the official school board architect for several cities and counties in Virginia, and as an architect for the Virginia State Board of Health. They span more than a century beginning in 1907 and ending in 2012 and represent over 1600 projects.   ","Included are drawings, designs, and plans for educational institutions, hospitals, churches, offices, retail stores, private residences, and plots across the state of Virginia. The series also includes topographic maps and site studies. There are original designs, proposed designs, voided designs, additions, alterations, and renovations. The designs are comprehensive, and include work on interiors and exteriors, plumbing and ventilation systems, and landscape works. ","Primary, secondary, and post-secondary schools in locations across Virginia are very well represented by the plans in this collection. More well-known post-secondary educational institutions include the College of William and Mary, James Madison University, Raford University, University of Mary Washington, George Mason University, and Virginia Commonwealth University. However, the number of primary and secondary schools represented in the collection is even greater. ","Of particular significance are the designs and plans the firm created for educational institutions for students from underrepresented, historically oppressed, and marginalized groups. These include the Virginia School for the Deaf and Blind, the Virginia State University, the nation's first fully-state supported four-year post-secondary learning institution for Black Americans, and the HBCUs Norfolk State University and Virginia Union University. ","The works that Robinson completed as an architect for the Virginia State Board of Health include plans and designs for the Catawba, Blue Ridge, and Piedmont Tuberculosis sanitoriums (rehabilitation center, hospice, etc.). Robinson's work in this role also affected the lives of people from underrepresented groups, as the Piedmont institution was developed specifically for the care of Black residents of Virginia. ","Series 4, Project photograph files (circa 1855-1999, undated; 9 boxes, 15 folders), includes many of the project photograph files from the architectural firm. Although there are some items from Robinson's time with the firm, the large majority are dated and document the projects from after his death on August 20, 1932. The photograph file index introduces the rest of the series, which includes prints, negatives, photo documentation from John Binford Walford and Oscar Pendleton Wright's photograph albums, and undated presentation photos. ","Dates: 1907 – 2012, bulk date 1907-1995  ","This series consists of architectural rolls that contain drawings, designs, and plans of educational institutions, hospitals, churches, offices, retail stores, and private residences across the state of Virginia. The series also includes rolls that hold topographic maps, plot and general layouts, and site studies. The drawings comprise original designs, proposed designs, voided designs, additions, alterations, and renovations. The designs are comprehensive, and include work on interiors and exteriors, plumbing and ventilation systems, and landscape works. For a detailed inventory of the drawings, please see the Charles M. Robinson architectural records drawing inventory in the External Documents field."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains some in-copyright material. Visit our Permissions and Publishing page (https://www.library.virginia.edu/special-collections/services/publishing) for more information about use of Special Collections materials. The library can provide copyright information upon request, but users are responsible for making their own determination about lawful use of collections materials.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["This collection contains some in-copyright material. Visit our Permissions and Publishing page (https://www.library.virginia.edu/special-collections/services/publishing) for more information about use of Special Collections materials. The library can provide copyright information upon request, but users are responsible for making their own determination about lawful use of collections materials."],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Robinson","Robinson, Charles  M. (Morrison), 1867-1932","Charles Morrison Robinson","James T. Robinson","Elizabeth Crockett Robinson","D.S. Hopkins","John K. Peebles","Annie Custer","Charles Custer Robinson","George T. Smith","R.B. Crockett","George Winkler","Benjamin A. Ruffin","John Binford Walford"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"famname_ssim":["Robinson"],"names_coll_ssim":["Robinson, Charles  M. (Morrison), 1867-1932"],"persname_ssim":["Robinson, Charles  M. (Morrison), 1867-1932","Charles Morrison Robinson","James T. Robinson","Elizabeth Crockett Robinson","D.S. Hopkins","John K. Peebles","Annie Custer","Charles Custer Robinson","George T. Smith","R.B. Crockett","George Winkler","Benjamin A. Ruffin","John Binford Walford"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1707,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-28T16:05:34.006Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1030_c03_c07"}},{"id":"vihdsc_repositories_2_resources_38_c06_c17","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"1960s (1963, 1964, Vols 1-9)","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihdsc_repositories_2_resources_38_c06_c17#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vihdsc_repositories_2_resources_38_c06_c17","ref_ssm":["vihdsc_repositories_2_resources_38_c06_c17"],"id":"vihdsc_repositories_2_resources_38_c06_c17","ead_ssi":"vihdsc_repositories_2_resources_38","_root_":"vihdsc_repositories_2_resources_38","_nest_parent_":"vihdsc_repositories_2_resources_38_c06","parent_ssi":"vihdsc_repositories_2_resources_38_c06","parent_ssim":["vihdsc_repositories_2_resources_38","vihdsc_repositories_2_resources_38_c06"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vihdsc_repositories_2_resources_38","vihdsc_repositories_2_resources_38_c06"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Elizabeth Carrington Eggleston Papers","Series 6: Jotting Books"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Elizabeth Carrington Eggleston Papers","Series 6: Jotting Books"],"text":["Elizabeth Carrington Eggleston Papers","Series 6: Jotting Books","1960s (1963, 1964, Vols 1-9)","English ."],"title_filing_ssi":"1960s (1963, 1964, Vols 1-9)","title_ssm":["1960s (1963, 1964, Vols 1-9)"],"title_tesim":["1960s (1963, 1964, Vols 1-9)"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1960/1969"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1960/1969"],"normalized_title_ssm":["1960s (1963, 1964, Vols 1-9)"],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["Hampden-Sydney College"],"collection_ssim":["Elizabeth Carrington Eggleston Papers"],"extent_ssm":["12 Volumes"],"extent_tesim":["12 Volumes"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"sort_isi":74,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection is open for research; access requires at least 48 hours advance notice. Because of the nature of certain archival formats, including digital and audio-visual materials, access will require additional advanced notice. Copies of digital files will be provided for use upon request."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The nature of the Hampden-Sydney College Archives and Special Collections means that copyright or other information about restrictions may be difficult or even impossible to determine despite reasonable efforts. As a result, Hampden-Sydney College claims only physical ownership of most Special Collections materials.The materials from our collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law. The user must assume full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials. Any materials used for academic research or otherwise should be fully credited with the source.This collection may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations. Researchers are advised that the disclosure of certain information pertaining to identifiable living individuals represented in this collection without the consent of those individuals may have legal ramifications (e.g. cause of action under common law for invasion of privacy may arise if facts concerning and individual's private life are published that would be deemed highly offensive to a reasonable person) for which the College assumes no responsibility."],"date_range_isim":[1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969],"language_ssim":["English ."],"_nest_path_":"/components#5/components#16","timestamp":"2026-05-21T04:18:20.185Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vihdsc_repositories_2_resources_38","ead_ssi":"vihdsc_repositories_2_resources_38","_root_":"vihdsc_repositories_2_resources_38","_nest_parent_":"vihdsc_repositories_2_resources_38","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/HSC/repositories_2_resources_38.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"http://archivespace.hsc.edu:8081/ark:/45832/10961","title_filing_ssi":"Elizabeth Carrington Eggleston Papers","title_ssm":["Elizabeth Carrington Eggleston Papers"],"title_tesim":["Elizabeth Carrington Eggleston Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1899/1994"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1899/1994"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC.000128"],"text":["SC.000128","Elizabeth Carrington Eggleston Papers","Collection is open for research; access requires at least 48 hours advance notice. Because of the nature of certain archival formats, including digital and audio-visual materials, access will require additional advanced notice. Copies of digital files will be provided for use upon request.","Inventoried collection of correspondence, poems, essays, mementos, and personal effects of Elizabeth Carrington Eggleston, daughter of former Hampden-Sydney College President Joseph DuPuy Eggleston, including numerous \"jotting books\" or commonplace books that Eggleston kept throughout her life.","Elizabeth Eggleston's \"Jotting Books\" are notebooks containing diary entries, personal information, and drafts of various poems, essays, and letters. They are arranged chronologically, though certain volumes (2, 4-14, 41, 42 108-110, 113) are unaccounted for.","The nature of the Hampden-Sydney College Archives and Special Collections means that copyright or other information about restrictions may be difficult or even impossible to determine despite reasonable efforts. As a result, Hampden-Sydney College claims only physical ownership of most Special Collections materials. The materials from our collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law. The user must assume full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials. Any materials used for academic research or otherwise should be fully credited with the source. This collection may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations. Researchers are advised that the disclosure of certain information pertaining to identifiable living individuals represented in this collection without the consent of those individuals may have legal ramifications (e.g. cause of action under common law for invasion of privacy may arise if facts concerning and individual's private life are published that would be deemed highly offensive to a reasonable person) for which the College assumes no responsibility.","Hampden-Sydney College Archives \u0026 Special Collections","English \n.    "],"unitid_tesim":["SC.000128"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Elizabeth Carrington Eggleston Papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Elizabeth Carrington Eggleston Papers"],"collection_ssim":["Elizabeth Carrington Eggleston Papers"],"repository_ssm":["Hampden-Sydney College"],"repository_ssim":["Hampden-Sydney College"],"access_terms_ssm":["The nature of the Hampden-Sydney College Archives and Special Collections means that copyright or other information about restrictions may be difficult or even impossible to determine despite reasonable efforts. As a result, Hampden-Sydney College claims only physical ownership of most Special Collections materials. The materials from our collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law. The user must assume full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials. Any materials used for academic research or otherwise should be fully credited with the source. This collection may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations. Researchers are advised that the disclosure of certain information pertaining to identifiable living individuals represented in this collection without the consent of those individuals may have legal ramifications (e.g. cause of action under common law for invasion of privacy may arise if facts concerning and individual's private life are published that would be deemed highly offensive to a reasonable person) for which the College assumes no responsibility."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["8.5 Linear Feet 7 Hollinger Boxes; 149 Volumes Jotting Books; 1 Binder"],"extent_tesim":["8.5 Linear Feet 7 Hollinger Boxes; 149 Volumes Jotting Books; 1 Binder"],"date_range_isim":[1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research; access requires at least 48 hours advance notice. 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